Janubiy Afrikada sho'ng'in - Diving in South Africa

Ushbu maqola allaqachon malakali akvalantni rejalashtirishga yordam beradigan ma'lumot bilan ta'minlash uchun mo'ljallangan Janubiy Afrika suvlarida sho'ng'iydi, mahalliy aholi yoki mehmon sifatida bo'lsin. Ma'lumot zarar etkazmasdan taqdim etiladi va ularga aniq yoki to'liq kafolat berilmaydi. O'zingizning tavakkalingizdan foydalaning. Ma'lumot, birinchi navbatda, sho'ng'in sho'ng'in joylari haqida, shuningdek, snorkel yoki freediver uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Agar siz dam olish uchun akvalang sho'ng'inchi sifatida o'qitish va sertifikat olish to'g'risida ma'lumot qidirsangiz, maqolaga murojaat qiling akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish sho'ng'in maktablari ro'yxatini topish uchun umumiy ma'lumot yoki o'zingizning qiziqishingizni qamrab olgan mintaqaviy maqola uchun.

Batafsil mintaqaviy ma'lumotlar va sho'ng'in do'konlari, operatorlar va boshqa tegishli xizmatlarning ro'yxatlari, odatda, mintaqaviy qo'llanmalarda mavjud. Mintaqaviy qo'llanma bo'lmagan hududlar uchun ba'zi ma'lumotlar va ro'yxatlar ushbu maqolada Xizmatlar sarlavhalari ostida joylashgan Belgilangan joy Bo'lim.

Tushuning

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Janubiy Afrikaning qirg'oq bo'ylab sho'ng'in mintaqalari

Janubiy Afrika uning qirg'oqlari bo'ylab tarqalib ketgan joylari bor, ular akulalar va boshqa yirik dengiz hayoti bilan yaxshi tanilgan, ammo endemik mayda baliqlar va umurtqasiz hayvonlarning keng doirasiga ega. Sohil bo'yidagi joylar sharqiy qirg'oqdagi KwaZulu-Natal shimolidagi tropik mercan riflaridan tortib, baliqlar odatda Hind-Tinch okeani tropik turlari bo'lib, juda rangli bo'lib, toshli qirg'oqlari va ko'plab endemik turlari bilan iliq mo''tadil janubiy sohillari orqali, baliq hayoti nisbatan sust bo'lgan, ammo umurtqasizlar rangni ta'minlaydigan g'arbiy o'rmonlari bilan g'arbiy sohilidagi mo''tadil toshli riflarni sovutish.

Yillik sardalya yuguradi janubdan sharqiy sohilga qadar juda mashhur va kamroq tanilgan chokka (kalmar) yumurtlamasi ham ko'plab yirtqichlarni jalb qiladi, ammo kerakli joyda aylanib yurishni talab qilmaydi. U erda to'g'ri vaqt - bu muammo.

Sohil bo'yida juda ko'p sonli vayronalar mavjud, ba'zilari tarixiy ahamiyatga ega, XV asrga to'g'ri keladi va ba'zilari yaxshi sho'ng'in joylari hisoblanadi. Ular portlar va yirik dengiz qirg'oqlari yaqinida to'planishadi. Keyp yarim oroli, Xavfli nuqta, Agulxa burni, Algoa ko'rfazida va Durbanda nisbatan ko'p sonli halokatga uchragan sho'ng'in mavjud. Ko'plab halokatlarning aniq pozitsiyasi hali ham noma'lum va ularni topish ba'zi g'avvoslar uchun ko'ngil ochish imkonini beradi.

Ichki joylar odatda mashg'ulotlar, texnik va g'orlarga sho'ng'in uchun ishlatiladi. Ular chuchuk suv sathidan sho'ng'in joylari, ba'zilari g'or qismiga ega va sayozdan juda chuqurgacha.

Janubiy Afrikadagi sho'ng'in odatda taniqli tropik joylardan ko'ra jismoniy jihatdan qiyinroq. Bu mintaqaga qarab sovuq suv, bemaqsad uchirish, katta shishish yoki kuchli oqimlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin va agar siz tajribadan maksimal darajada bahramand bo'lishni istasangiz, yuqori darajadagi fitness va mahorat talab etiladi.

Janubiy Afrikaning sho'ng'in joylari to'rt mintaqada to'planishi mumkin, ularning har biri odatda suv sharoitlari, sho'ng'in tartiblari va bioxilma-xillikka o'xshashdir. Bular G'arbiy Sohil, janubiy sohil, Sharqiy sohil, va ichki sho'ng'in joylari. Dengiz qirg'og'idagi sho'ng'in mintaqalari siyosiy mintaqalarga qaraganda qirg'oq ekoregiyalariga yaqinroq, ba'zi bir o'tish davrlari, g'arbiy qirg'oq / janubiy qirg'oqning bo'linishi Keyptaunning g'arbiy qirg'oq sho'ng'in mahallasining bir qismi hisoblangan False Bayning sharqida amalga oshirilishini hisobga olmaganda.

Ko'proq himoyalangan va yaxshi sharoitlarni istaganlar uchun g'avvoslar iliq suvdan va juda oson kirish imkoniyatidan bahramand bo'ladigan ikkita katta akvarium mavjud va ularga ko'plab baliqlarni ko'rish kafolatlanadi.

Umumiy topografiya

Mintaqaning fizik geografiyasi

Janubiy Afrikani ham o'z ichiga olgan bir necha davlatlar uchun taqqoslanadigan qirg'oq uzunligini ko'rsatadigan xarita
South Africa Topography.png

Janubiy Afrika - Afrika qit'asining janubiy qismi, ikkala tropik o'tgan yagona materik. Materik ekvatordan janubgacha maksimal 34 ° 50 'kenglikda va shimolga 37 ° 20' gacha cho'ziladi, shuning uchun u asosan tropik va subtropik bo'lib, mo''tadil zonalari o'rtacha darajada. Janubiy Afrika - bu janubiy yarimsharda ekvatordan eng uzoqda joylashgan Afrika mintaqasi. U shimolda Limpopo daryosidan S22 ° 07 'da janubda Agulxa burniga S34 ° 50' gacha, g'arbiy qismida Orange daryosi og'zidan E016 ° 27 'da sharqda Ponta-do-Ourogacha E32 ° da cho'zilgan. 23 '.

Janubiy Afrika bilan chegaradosh okeanlar

Janubiy Afrika - qirg'og'ida bir nechta okean joylashgan kam sonli davlatlardan biri va bu dengiz sharoitiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi, chunki suvlar nominal ravishda ikki okeanga bo'linganligi uchun emas, balki ikki okeanning asosiy oqimlari mavjud. bunday chuqur farqlar va ular qo'shni ekotizimlarga kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatadi.

Shimoliy g'arbda Namibiya bilan chegaradosh Orange daryosi og'zidan Ponto-do-Ouro bilan shimoliy sharqda Mozambik bilan chegaradosh sohil bo'yi taxminan 3750 km uzunlikda bo'lib, 195 mamlakat orasida eng uzun 51-o'rinni egallab turibdi.

Janubiy Afrikadan tashqaridagi kontinental shelfning kengligi juda xilma-xil bo'lib, KwaZulu-Natalning shimoliy sharqiy qirg'og'ida juda tor va Afrikaning janubiy uchida joylashgan Agulhas Bank keng tokchasida joylashgan. Raf yana Keyp yarim orolidan torayib boradi va Kolumbin burnidan shimoldan, G'arbiy sohil bo'ylab o'rtacha kenglikda joylashgan.

Atlantika va Hind okeanlari o'rtasidagi geografik bo'linish janubiy uchida, Agulxa burni, ammo amaliy nuqtai nazardan sifat jihatidan keskin farq Cape Point-da joylashgan bo'lib, ko'plab kapetoniyaliklar bu ikki Okeanning joyi deb o'ylashni yaxshi ko'radilar. . Buning sababi shundaki, g'arbiy qirg'oq g'arbiy qirg'oq bo'ylab shimolga oqib o'tadigan sovuq Benguela oqimi va iliq Agulxas oqimi sharqiy qirg'oqdan janubga oqib o'tadi. Agulxas oqimini sharqiy sohildan keyin janubi g'arbga, keyin g'arbga oqib o'tadigan Mozambik oqimining davomi deb tasavvur qilish mumkin. Agulhas oqimiga nisbatan sayoz Agulhas banki ta'sir qiladi va ba'zi ulkan shov-shuvlarni tashlaydi, ularning ba'zilari Janubiy Atlantika okeaniga oqib chiqadi, ammo ularning aksariyati janubga, keyin sharqqa siljiydi va oxir-oqibat janubiy okeanda tarqaladi.

Iqlim, ob-havo va dengiz sharoitlari

G'arbiy Sohil

Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in

Ko'pgina g'avvoslarga yaxshi tanish bo'lgan tropik suvlar bilan taqqoslaganda, suv sovuq - bu taxminan 20ºS dan 8ºC gacha bo'lishi mumkin. Qorong'i bo'lishi mumkin va ko'rinish sezilarli darajada farq qilishi mumkin - 8 m juda yaxshi deb hisoblanadi, lekin vaqti-vaqti bilan 20 m dan oshadi va 3 m dan kam yomon deb hisoblanadi. Mahalliy aholi odatda 5 metrni qabul qilinishning pastki chegarasi deb hisoblashadi. Muhim pastki oqimlar kamdan-kam uchraydi, lekin sirt oqimi tushishni kechiktiradigan dalgıçlar uchun muammo tug'dirishi uchun etarli bo'lishi mumkin. To'lqinlanish odatiy holdir va katta va uzoq muddatli shishishda hiyla-nayrang bo'lishi mumkin, bu kamdan-kam holatlar emas. U erda akulalar, shu jumladan ajoyib oqlar, lekin ular kamdan-kam uchraydi. Yuzaki shamol cho'tkasi odatda suv osti sharoitlariga ta'sir qilmaydi, lekin qayiqda sayr qilish yoki suzishda noqulaylik tug'dirishi mumkin. Oddiy sho'ng'in qayig'i - bu ikkita dvigatelga ega bo'lgan katta RIB, slipways-dan ishga tushirilgan va 12 ga qadar g'avvoslarni olib yurish mumkin, ammo g'avvoslar uchun qayiqqa kirish iskala orqali bo'lishi mumkin. Sohilga kirish sho'ng'in - bu suvosti fitnesiga va suvga kirishiga qarab mintaqaning ko'p qismida tanlovdir.

Texnik jihatdan butun mintaqa Atlantika okeanida - Hind okeanining rasmiy chegarasi Agulxa burnida - lekin g'arbiy va janubiy sohil o'rtasidagi ekologik chegara Keyp-Poytda joylashgan va mahalliy g'avvoslar ham, dengiz biologlari ham ". Atlantika tomoni "va False Bay.

Janubiy qirg'oq

Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in

Sho'ng'in istiqboliga qarab, janubiy qirg'oq Gansbaaydagi xavfli nuqtadan sharqqa yovvoyi qirg'oqning narigi tomonigacha cho'zilgan deb hisoblash mumkin. Mintaqada Agulxas oqimi hukmronlik qilmoqda, u ushbu qirg'oqning sharqiy qismi bo'ylab janubi-g'arbiy yo'nalishda oqadi va kengayib boruvchi kontinental shelf tomonidan qirg'oqdan uzoqlashib, qirg'oq bo'ylab salqin suvning kirib kelishiga imkon beradi va ulkan shov-shuvlarni buzadi. Ushbu qirg'oq bo'ylab daryolar okeanga quyiladi va bu suvlarni olib o'tish uchun kuchli qirg'oq oqimi bo'lmaganligi sababli, ularning ozuqaviy yuklari sharqiy sohil bilan taqqoslaganda nisbatan asta-sekin tarqaladi. Ushbu mintaqada ko'plab endemik turlar rivojlangan. Bu boshqa joyda bo'lmagan hayvonlar va ularning ba'zilari juda cheklangan doiralarga ega. Masalan, Knysna dengiz oti faqat janubiy qirg'oqda joylashgan uchta daryoda joylashgan. Ushbu mintaqada dengiz sathining g'arbiy qirg'og'iga qaraganda yuqori harorati bor, yozda 22ºS, qishda o'rtacha 15ºS atrofida. Sho'ng'in sharoitlari yaxshi bo'lsa, suvda noyob sovuqni o'rganish kerak bo'lgan noyob biologik xilma-xillik mavjud.

Sharqiy sohil

Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikaning sharqiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in

Sharqiy sohilning suvi issiq, yozda harorat 28ºC gacha ko'tarilib, qishda 18-24C gacha o'zgarib turadi. Ko'rinishi odatda yaxshi, ammo yozgi yomg'irli mavsumda ko'plab saytlar daryo oqimi ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Agulhas tokining qirg'oqqa qanchalik yaqinlashishiga qarab oqim kuchli bo'lishi mumkin va to'lqinlar to'lqin davri va sho'ng'in chuqurligiga bog'liq. Sharqiy qirg'oqning kontinental tokchasi tor, tokchaning chekkasi esa sayoz, shuning uchun Agulxas oqimi qirg'oqqa nisbatan yaqin oqadi. Ushbu tor kuchli oqim Afrikaning sharqiy qirg'og'idan janubga qarab bir qator ulkan aylanada aylanib yuradi va shu bilan birga kosmopolit va turli xil Hind-Tinch okeani tropik faunasini tropik quyosh ostida isitiladigan suvda olib keladi va endemik turlarning shimolga tarqalishini cheklaydi. Quruq shamollar iliq suv ustida esib, yozda ushbu sohilga yomg'ir yog'diradi va daryolardan oqib tushadigan suv dengizga loyqalanadi. Qit'a qit'asi juda tor bo'lgan va oqim qirg'oqqa yaqin oqadigan joyda, u tezda shilimshiq suvni aniqroq chuqurroq okean suvi bilan almashtiradi. Kontinental shelf Durban yaqinida dengizga cho'zilgan, shuning uchun yozning ko'rinishi yomonlashadi, ammo janubda Alival Shoal va Protea-Banklarda yana qit'a tokchasi toraygan va shuning uchun u erdagi suv yanada toza.

Ishga tushirish slipways, daryolar og'zidan yoki plyajdan, plyajga tushirilgan qayiqlar odatda to'lqin orqasida plyaj bo'ylab yugurib qirg'oqqa qaytib kelishadi. Sohilga sho'ng'in - Durban shahridagi bir nechta saytlarda tanlov. Ko'pgina saytlar sho'ng'in sho'ng'in sho'ng'in qayig'i ergashadigan marker shamshirini tortib olib boradigan sho'ng'in rahbari bilan mos keladi.

Dengiz ekologiyasi

Janubiy Afrikaning qirg'oq suvlarini bir qator biogeografik mintaqalarga ajratish mumkin, ammo odatda chegaralar qo'yilgan joylarda ular o'rtasida keskin farq yo'q. Shimoliy KwaZulu-Natalning tropik suvlaridan janubiy qirg'og'ining salqin suvlariga qadar qirg'oq bo'ylab asta-sekin o'zgarish yuz beradi.

Qisqa masofada nisbatan aniq o'zgarish mavjud bo'lgan joy Keyp Poyntda joylashgan bo'lib, u erda Keyp yarim orolining sharqiy va g'arbiy tomoni suvlari sezilarli darajada turli xil ekologiyalarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va hattoki bu erda ham doimiy yashovchi organizmlarning bir-biri bilan to'qnashuvi mavjud.

Ushbu qirg'oq bo'ylab, xususan, Janubiy qirg'oq bo'ylab endemik turlarning katta qismi mavjud.

Dengiz ekologik hududlari

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Dam olish sho'ng'inlarini qiziqtiradigan hududlar qirg'oq ekoregiyalari bo'lib, ular sho'ng'in qilish uchun etarlicha sayozdir. Ular qirg'oqdan qit'a shelfining sinishigacha cho'zilgan deb hisoblanadi, shuning uchun hududning ko'p qismi sho'ng'ish uchun juda chuqurdir.

  • The salqin mo''tadil Benguela ekoregioni Namibiyadagi Silviya tepaligidan Keyp-Peyngacha cho'zilgan. Sovuq Benguela oqimi asosiy ta'sir qiladi va mintaqa keng miqyosli intensiv ko'tarilish va ozuqaviy moddalarga boy suv bilan ajralib turadi. Ushbu mintaqaning janubi-sharqiy qismida Cape Point-da tanaffus qirg'oqning chuqurlik oralig'ida juda aniq, ammo chuqurroq hududlarda u 150 m chuqurlikdagi kontur sifatida tanlangan, Agulhas burnidan janubga. Ushbu chiziq Benguela va Agulhas oqimlarining aralashtirish zonasiga ko'proq mos keladi va taxminan raf chetiga parallel.
  • The issiq mo''tadil Agulhas ekoregioni Keyp-Pointdan Mbashe daryosigacha cho'zilgan. Mbashe daryosi shimolda joylashgan subtropik Natal viloyati bilan janubda iliq va mo''tadil Agulhas mintaqasi o'rtasida eng maqbul chegara sifatida tanlangan, ammo o'zgarish bu mintaqalar o'rtasida bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshiriladi. Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'ida ko'tarilish asosan Agulxas oqimi va kontinental shelf tomonidan boshqariladi. Ushbu ko'tarilish shakli sovuq chuqur suvni kontinental tokchaga ko'taradi, lekin termoklinadan yuqori bo'lishi shart emas. Agulxas sohilidan sharqda, asosan, yozda sodir bo'lgan shamol ko'tarilgan ko'tarilishni kuchaytirib, oqimni ko'tarib, sovuq suv sathiga olib keladi. Bu fitoplankton ishlab chiqarishni yoqib yuboradigan eyfotik zonaga (o'simliklar o'sishi uchun etarlicha yorug'likka ega) ozuqa moddalarini etkazib berish orqali biologik mahsuldorlikni oshiradi va ozuqa moddalariga boy suv bilan ta'minlangan toshli qirg'oqlar boy suv o'tlari biomassasini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Yillik chokka (kalmar) yumurtlamasi asosan ushbu mintaqada sodir bo'ladi.
  • The subtropik Natal ekoregion Mbashe daryosidan Vidal burniga qadar cho'zilgan. Bu hudud daryo bo'yida yuqori oqimga ega, ammo Agulxas oqimi Natal ekoregioniga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Rifning yashash joyi cheklangan va asosiy rif hududlari orasida Alival Shoal va Protea Banks mavjud. Toshli reef jamoalari shimoldan mercan riflari jamoalaridan ajralib turadi, chunki janubda loyqalanish kuchayib toshli mercanlar kamayadi. Natal ekoregioni endemik yumshoq mercanlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Yillik sardalya yuguradi ushbu mintaqaning janubiy qismiga xos xususiyatdir.
  • The tropik Delagoa ekoregioni Vidal burnidan shimol tomon Mozambikgacha cho'zilgan. Vidal burnidagi dengiz jamoatchiligi tuzilishining aniq o'zgarishini intertidal yashash joyi, dengiz o'tlari va mangrovlarning tarqalish uslublari, tropik dengiz qushi va ketetsiyan turlari keng tarqalgan.

Uskunalar

Oddiy dam olish sho'ng'in uskunalari aksariyat mintaqalardagi sho'ng'in joylari uchun etarli. EHM kostyumlariga bo'lgan talablarning eng katta o'zgarishi. Tropik shimoliy-sharqda, odatda suvning harorati 24 ° C dan yuqori yoki undan yuqori bo'lsa, quyoshdan himoya qilish uchun nam kostyumlar kiyiladi va iliqlik kabi, g'arbiy sohilda esa 7 mm nam kostyum deyarli etarli emas va quruq kostyumlar 8 ° C darajagacha bo'lgan suv haroratida sho'ng'in paytida qulay bo'lishdan zavqlanadigan g'avvoslar orasida tobora ommalashib bormoqda. Sho'ng'in joylarining aksariyati nisbatan sayozdir - ozlari 40 m dan chuqurroq, aksariyati 10 dan 30 m gacha.

Diverni sertifikatlash va qonuniy javobgarlik

Janubiy Afrikada dam olish uchun sho'ng'in sifatida sertifikatlash uchun qonuniy talab yo'q. Sizga hech qanday o'qitish, sertifikatlash, tajriba va malakaga ega bo'lmagan holda uskunalar sotib olishga va u bilan sho'ng'ishga qonuniy ravishda ruxsat beriladi. Shuningdek, dengizga chiqishga va o'z xohishingiz bilan qayiqning chetidan sakrab o'tishga faqat og'irlik kamarini taqishga hech qanday qonuniy cheklov yo'q, ammo o'zingizni o'ldirishingiz uchun qulayroq va qulay usullar mavjud.

Dive-charter operatorlarining aksariyati, albatta hammasi bo'lmasa ham, sho'ng'in joyida kutilgan chuqurlik va sharoitga sho'ng'ish sertifikatiga ega bo'lishingizni yoki sertifikatlangan o'qituvchi bilan birga bo'lishingizni talab qiladi. Bu nafaqat ular sizning xavfsizligingiz haqida qayg'urgani uchun, balki voqea sodir bo'lgan taqdirda ham hujjatlarni qisqartiradi. Sizning mijozlaringiz sayr paytida vafot etishi biznes uchun yomon, shuning uchun aksariyat operatorlar mijozlarga ehtimoliy sharoitlar va aniq xatarlar to'g'risida va sertifikatlashning tavsiya etilgan darajasi to'g'risida ma'lumot berishda juda g'ayratli. Ko'p hollarda voz kechish talab etiladi va g'avvos o'z harakatlari uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga oladi va agar operator tomonidan beparvolik yoki noqonuniy xatti-harakatlarning kuchli dalillari bo'lmasa, voqeadan keyin sud jarayoni qaramog'idagi kishilarni boy qilishiga amin emas.

Ba'zi operatorlar sho'ng'ishni bekor qilishadi, agar sharoitlar yoqimsiz bo'lib tuyulsa va ehtimol xavfli bo'lsa, barchasi bekor qilinadi. Biroq, bu sho'ng'in yoqilgan bo'lsa, shartlar siz uchun xavfsiz bo'lishini anglatmaydi. Siz nima qilishingiz mumkinligi va vaziyat o'sha kuni sizning imkoniyatlaringiz darajasida bo'ladimi-yo'qligini o'zingiz hal qilishingiz va o'zingiz qaror qilishingiz kerak. Ekipaj maslahat berishi mumkin, ammo siz uchun o'ylay olmaydi.

Agar siz sertifikatlashtirish dasturining tinglovchisi bo'lsangiz, o'qituvchidan sizga xavf va xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahat berishini kutishingizga haqlisiz, ammo agar sizda umuman sertifikat bo'lmasa, o'zingiz uchun oqilona va mas'uliyatli tanlov qilishingiz mumkin.

Belgilangan joylar

30 ° 0′0 ″ S 25 ° 0′0 ″ E
Janubiy Afrikaning sho'ng'in joylari

Janubiy Afrikada sho'ng'in uchta qirg'oq viloyatida sodir bo'lib, uchta qirg'oq viloyatiga tarqaldi va ichki joylarda boshqa viloyatlarga tarqaldi. Bu erdagi qirg'oq yo'nalishlari birinchi navbatda sohil bo'ylab soat sohasi farqli o'laroq va viloyatlar bo'yicha tasodifan berilgan. Ichki saytlar faqat alfavit bo'yicha ro'yxatga olingan, chunki buning aksi uchun aniq bir sabab yo'q. Viloyat g'avvosga qayerda ekanligi haqida umumiy fikrdan tashqari sezilarli farq qilmaydi.

G'arbiy Keyp

G'arbiy Keyp

The G'arbiy Keyp viloyat - Janubiy Afrikadagi eng janubiy g'arbiy viloyat. U Janubiy Afrikaning sayyohlik yo'nalishlari va diqqatga sazovor joylarining katta qismini o'z ichiga oladi, ular orasida taniqli sho'ng'in joylari ham bor.

Lambert ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy sohilida sho'ng'in # Lambert ko'rfazida

1 Lambert ko'rfazi ning g'arbiy qirg'og'idagi kichik baliqchilar shahri G'arbiy Keyp Keyptaundan 280 kilometr (170 milya) shimolda. Bu g'arbiy qismga ega bo'lgan shamol va dengizlarga ta'sir qiladigan qirg'oq chizig'idir. Odatda u a deb hisoblanmaydi akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish boradigan joy, ammo mavsumda kreef (g'arbiy qirg'oqdagi tosh omar) uchun ozod qilish juda mashhur.

Elands ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy sohilida sho'ng'in # Eland ko'rfazi

2 Eland ko'rfazi - Keyptaundan shimolda 220 km (ikki yarim soatlik masofada) g'arbiy Keypdagi kichik baliqchilar shahri. Bu odatda akvarium deb hisoblanmaydi, ammo mavsumda tosh omar uchun ozod qilish uchun juda mashhur. Bu ko'proq bemaqsad joyi, shuningdek, tosh rasmlari bo'lgan g'orlar bilan mashhur. Bu MPA-da yo'q, shuning uchun sho'ng'in uchun hech qanday ruxsat talab qilinmaydi. Lobster sho'ng'in uchun ushbu tadbir uchun maxsus ruxsatnoma talab qilinadi va akvariumda bunday qilmaslik mumkin.

Paternoster

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Paternoster

3 Paternoster G'arbiy Keypning g'arbiy qirg'og'idagi kichik baliqchilar shahri. Odatda bu sho'ng'in sho'ng'in joyi deb hisoblanmaydi, ammo mavsumda omarni ozod qilish uchun juda mashhur va sharoit yaxshi bo'lsa, kun bo'yi ushlangandan keyin sho'ng'ishga arziydigan bir nechta halokat joylari mavjud. Bu MPA emas, shuning uchun sho'ng'in uchun ruxsat olish shart emas, ammo tosh omarini yig'ish uchun ruxsat talab qilinadi.

Saldanha ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Saldanha ko'rfazi

4 Saldanha ko'rfazi ruda eksporti va dengizdagi qo'riqlanadigan tabiiy qo'riqxonalar bilan tutashgan baliq ovi porti. Bu sho'ng'in sho'ng'in joyi sifatida tanilgan emas, ammo shaharda tijorat sho'ng'in maktabi mavjud va ba'zi dam olish sho'ng'inlari ham amalga oshiriladi yaqin.

Dassen oroli

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Dassen oroli

1 Dassen oroli G'arbiy Keypning g'arbiy qirg'og'ida joylashgan kichik orol qo'riqxonasi. Odatda sho'ng'in joyi deb hisoblanmaydi, chunki u erga etib borish oson emas, lekin agar siz shu hududda bo'lsangiz, bir nechta sho'ng'in joylari, shu jumladan ba'zi vayronalar mavjud.

Silwerstroomstrand

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Silwerstroomstand

5 Silwerstroomstrand Keyptaunning shimolidagi plyajdir. Odatda bu akvatoriya deb hisoblanmaydi, ammo bir nechta saytlar mavjud.

Keyptaun

Asosiy mavzu: Keyp yarimoroli va Soxta ko'rfazda sho'ng'in
Cape yarim orolining va False Bayning vayronagarchilik va rif bilan sho'ng'igan joylarining aksariyati va Stol tog'i milliy bog'i dengiz qo'riqlanadigan hududining chegaralari ko'rsatilgan xarita.

6 Keyptaun yirik port shahri va Janubiy Afrikaning qonun chiqaruvchi poytaxti. Keyptaun suvlari g'arbiy qismida Atlantika dengiz sohilini o'z ichiga oladi Keyp yarimoroli sovuq va mo''tadil iliq bo'lgan False Bay, shuningdek salqin mo''tadil, ammo sharqiy sohilga Mozambik oqimi va Agulxas oqimi tomonidan tushirilgan iliq suvlar ta'sirida va janubiy sohilga nisbatan ekologik o'xshashligi bor.

Cape Point salqin mo''tadil o'rtasidagi chegara sifatida qabul qilinadi Benguela ekoregioni g'arbiy sohil va iliq mo''tadil Agulhas ekoregioni janubiy sohilning. Tarqoq bo'lgan dengiz bioregionlari orasidagi boshqa chegaralardan farqli o'laroq, ekologik tizimlar iliqroq Agulxas oqimining sharqqa sovuq Benguella oqimiga g'arbiy tomonga o'zgarishi sababli Keyp Poytda qisqa masofada juda aniq farq qiladi. .

Baliqlarning ko'plab endemik turlari, umurtqasiz hayvonlar va dengiz o'tlari, shuningdek, keng tarqalgan boshqa turli xil organizmlar va ko'p sonli kemalar halokatga uchragan, ularning ba'zilari sho'ng'in joylari sifatida yuqori baholanadi. Soxta ko'rfazda ba'zan iliqroq hududlardan sayr qiladigan baliqlar, ba'zan esa sharqiy sohildan oqimlarga olib kelingan toshbaqalar ham bor.

Atlantika okeanini Soxta ko'rfazidan ajratib turadigan tog'li Keyp yarim oroli, shuningdek, har ikki tomonning qirg'oq suvlarini shamol va boshqa tomondan to'lqinlardan himoya qiladi, bu yil davomida sho'ng'in qilish imkoniyatini yaratadi, ammo sho'ng'in qaerda va nimada mavsumiy farqlar mavjud. qarang, chunki muqobil qirg'oqlardagi ekotizimlar o'rtasida sezilarli va sezilarli farq mavjud.

Keyptaunning qirg'oq suvlari bilan bog'liq uchta dengiz qo'riqlanadigan hududlari mavjud: Stol tog 'milliy bog'i dengiz muhofazasi zonasi, bu reif sho'ng'inlarining aksariyat qismini va ko'p sonli qoldiqlarni o'z ichiga oladi, Robben orolining dengiz muhofazasi zonasi, asosan qoldiqlari bo'lgan, ammo unchalik ko'p emas, ba'zilari esa juda chuqur emas va sho'ng'in joylari juda kam bo'lgan kichik Helderberg dengiz qo'riqxonasi.

Betti ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Betti's Bay

7 Betti ko'rfazi kichik kurort shahri Overberg G'arbiy Keyp tumani. Baliq ovlash jamoatchilik uchun yopiq bo'lmaguncha va brakonerlikning asosiy muammosiga aylanmaguncha, bu baliq ovlash uchun rekreatsion baliq ovlash joyi bo'lgan.

Xavston

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Xavston

8 Xavston kichik kurort va baliqchilar shaharchasidir Overberg G'arbiy Keyp tumani.

Hermanus

Asosiy mavzu: Hermanusda sho'ng'in

9 Hermanus shahridagi kichik port shahri Overberg kitlarni tomosha qilish bilan mashhur G'arbiy Keyp tumani.

Gansbaai

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Gansbaai
Birkenhead HMS halokati ustidan g'avvoslar

10 Gansbaai shahridagi kichik port shahri Overberg G'arbiy Keyp tumani, katta oq akulalar bilan qafasga sho'ng'ish va HMS halokati bilan mashhur Birkenhead.

Struisbaai

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Strruisbaai

11 Struisbaai kichik baliqchilar qishlog'idir Overberg G'arbiy Keyp tumani. Bu baliq ovining maqsadi sifatida juda mashhur.

Arniston (Vaenhuiskrans)

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Arniston (Waenhuiskrans)

12 Arniston kichik dam olish shaharchasidir Overberg G'arbiy Keyp tumani, eng taniqli halokat nomi bilan atalgan.

Mossel ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy sohillariga sho'ng'in # Mossel ko'rfazida

13 Mossel ko'rfazi port joylashgan shaharchadir Bog 'yo'nalishi G'arbiy Keypda.

Knisna

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Knysna

14 Knisna katta lagunada joylashgan port shahri Bog 'yo'nalishi G'arbiy Keypda. Lagunaning og'ziga yaqin joyda sho'ng'in yuqori oqim paytida amalga oshiriladi, chunki oqimlar juda kuchli bo'lishi mumkin.

Plettenberg ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Plettenberg ko'rfazida

15 Plettenberg ko'rfazi da joylashgan kurort shahri Bog 'yo'nalishi asosan plyajlari bilan mashhur bo'lgan G'arbiy Keypda.

Sharqiy Keyp

Sharqiy Keyp

The Sharqiy Keyp bu Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'idagi, Agulhas ekoregionining sharqiy qismidagi sohil, bu endemik dengiz turlariga boy, sho'ng'in ob-havo sharoitlariga juda bog'liq va ko'rish tez-tez yaxshi, ammo yaxshi bo'lsa ko'rish uchun juda ko'p narsa bor. Suv odatda G'arbiy Keypga qaraganda iliqroq, ammo vaqti-vaqti bilan sovuq uylar mavjud.

Tsitsikamma

Asosiy mavzu: Tsitsikamma sho'ng'in qilish
Tsitsikamma shahridagi O'rta bankdagi moviy hottentot dengiz suvi

16 The Tsitsikamma milliy bog'i dengiz qo'riqlanadigan hududi Sharqiy Keyp qirg'og'ining g'arbiy qismi va G'arbiy Keyp qirg'og'ining kichik qismi bo'ylab cho'zilgan Bog 'yo'nalishi.

Jeffri ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy sohilida sho'ng'in # Jeffri ko'rfazi

17 Jeffri ko'rfazi Sharqiy Keypdagi eng yaxshi bemaqsad maskani sifatida tanilgan dam olish maskanlari shaharchasidir.

Sent-Frensis ko'rfazi

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Sent-Frensis ko'rfazi

18 Sent-Frensis ko'rfazi har yili Chokka yugurishi bilan tanilgan Sharqiy Keypdagi kichik port shahri.

Port Elizabeth

Voyaga etmagan Koester, Port Elizabethdagi Gasmik darasida shimgichda dam olmoqda
Asosiy mavzu: Port-Elizabethdagi sho'ng'in

19 Port Elizabeth Algoa ko'rfazi qirg'og'idagi Sharqiy Keypning yirik port shahri, sho'ng'in joylari janob-g'arbiy shishlarga ko'proq duch keladigan Wildside deb nomlanuvchi hududda va ko'rfazning ichkarisida va Cape Recife g'arbida joylashgan. ammo chuqurroq va kengroq riflarga ega.

Port Alfred

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Port Alfred

20 Port Alfred Kovi daryosining og'zida joylashgan Sharqiy Keypdagi kichik port shahri.

SS Cariboo halokati

Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikada sho'ng'in / SS Cariboo halokati

2 SS Karibu halokat Port Alfreddan shimoli-sharqda, Mgwalana daryosining og'zidan 3,4 km uzoqlikda joylashgan yo'lovchi paroxodining halokati.

Madakaskar rifi

Bira daryosining shimolida, Port Alfreddan 70 km shimoliy sharqda.

Sharqiy London

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Sharqiy London

21 Sharqiy London Sharqiy Keypdagi port shahri.

Yovvoyi qirg'oq

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning janubiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'in # Yovvoyi qirg'oq

3 The Yovvoyi qirg'oq ning qirg'oq mintaqasi Sharqiy Keyp shimoldan Sharqiy London ning janubiy chegarasiga qadar KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal sharqiy sohilidagi provinsiya, shimoldan Mozambik va janubdan Sharqiy Keyp o'rtasida.

Margate

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning sharqiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Margate

22 Margate Protea Banklari yaqinidagi KwaZulu-Natal janubidagi kichik kurort shahri.

Park Rini

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning sharqiy qirg'og'iga sho'ng'ish # Park Rini

23 Park Rini - KwaZulu-Natalning janubiy qirg'og'idagi kichik kurort shahri.

Umkomaas va Scottburgh

Asosiy mavzu: Alival Shoalni sho'ng'in qilish
Tovus mantisi qisqichbaqasi

1849 yilda, Alival kemasi, deyarli chizilmagan rif bilan to'qnashib ketgandan so'ng, sardori keyinchalik Aliwal Shoal deb nom olgan ushbu rifning mavqei haqida xabar berdi. Durban shahridan 60 km janubda joylashgan. Eng yaqin shaharlar 24 Umkomaas va 25 Skotburg, ikkalasi ham keng sayyohlik imkoniyatlarini, shu jumladan akvalanglar uchun.

Sohil - qirg'oqdan taxminan 5 km uzoqlikda, qirg'oqqa parallel ravishda yotqizilgan tosh qoldiqlari. U taxminan 250 m kenglikdagi tor shimoliy qismni, tojni o'z ichiga oladi, taxminan 800 m kenglikda va nihoyat janubda kengligi 2 km dan oshiqroq quruqlikka cho'zilgan. Toj chuqurligi Shimoliy Pinnacles-da taxminan 6 m dan dengiz bo'yida 30 m gacha o'zgarib turadi. Toj maydonining o'rtacha chuqurligi 12,5 m. Janubiy kengroq hududga taxminan 30 m chuqurlikdan 15 m gacha (masalan, Xovard qasri, Landers rifi) etib boradigan bir necha chiqindilar kiradi. Toj zonasida ko'plab sho'ng'in joylari, (masalan, Raggi g'ori va chunnel) baliq va umurtqasiz hayvonlarda dengiz hayotiga boy bo'lgan kichik g'orlar, qirralar va suzish joylari bilan juda ko'p miqdordagi tekis bo'lmagan topografiyaga ega.

Sohil mintaqasi subtropik iqlimga ega, o'rtacha oylik havo harorati 17,0 ° C (Iyul) dan 23,9 ° C (Fevral) gacha. Dengiz harorati iliq, tropik, janub tomon yo'nalgan Agulxas oqimi tufayli bir oz iliqroq bo'ladi, natijada yil davomida 21-26 ° S bo'ladi.

Durban

Asosiy mavzu: Durban shahrida sho'ng'in

Yirik port shahrida sho'ng'in 26 Durban KwaZulu-Natalda asosan shamollar va Umgeni daryosidan oqib chiqadigan suv portlari, Makoni og'zidagi va Umfas kesmasi, ularning yomg'irli mavsumda (bahor: sentyabr - dekabr) ko'rinishiga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. og'izlar. Mozanbik oqimidan toza suv olib keladigan mavsumiy yog'ingarchilik va janubi-g'arbiy qismida hukmronlik qilgani qishni Durban (martdan iyulgacha) sho'ng'ish uchun eng yaxshi vaqtga aylantiradi.

Ballito

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning sharqiy sohillariga sho'ng'ish # Ballito

27 Ballito Janubiy Afrikaning Shimoliy qirg'og'idagi (KwaZulu-Natal) qirg'oq shaharchasidir. Bu asosan plyajlar va kondominyumlarni o'z ichiga olgan kurort shaharchasidir, shuningdek, ba'zi sho'ng'in joylari mavjud.

Sent-Lusiya

  • 4 Vidal burni

Sodvana ko'rfazi

Asosiy mavzu: Sodvana ko'rfazida sho'ng'in

5 Sodvana ko'rfazi Janubiy Afrikada taniqli va eng mashhur sho'ng'in joylaridan biri. U mamlakatning shimoli-sharqida joylashgan bo'lib, tropik Delagoa ekoregionida rif mercanlari va odatda Hind-Tinch okeani dengiz hayoti mavjud. Sodwana katta iSimangaliso dengiz qo'riqxonasi ichida joylashgan va vaqti-vaqti bilan texnik g'avvoslar tomonidan raf qirg'og'idagi kanyonlardan birida taxminan 110 m chuqurlikda ko'rilgan selokantlari bilan mashhur.

Shimoliy Maputaland

Shuningdek qarang: Janubiy Afrikaning sharqiy sohillariga sho'ng'ish # Shimoliy Maputaland

Shu jumladan 6 Mabibi va 7 Kosi ko'rfazi. Ushbu saytlar, shuningdek, iSimangaliso dengiz qo'riqlanadigan hududida joylashgan.

Ichki sho'ng'in joylari

Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikada quruqlikka sho'ng'in

Ichki sho'ng'in joylari keng maydonga tarqalgan va quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi:

Yo'nalishlar

Yillik sardalya yuguradi sardalalar ko'chib o'tishi bilan janubiy qirg'oq bo'ylab harakatlanadigan taniqli voqea. G'avvoslar va boshqa ixlosmandlar yo qirg'oq bo'ylab yugurishni kuzatadilar yoki katta markazlardan o'tayotganda uni kutib olishadi. Katta miqdordagi sardalalarni kitlar, akulalar, delfinlar, ov baliqlari, dengiz qushlari va, albatta, odamlar yashaydi.

O'rganing

Janubiy Afrikaning ko'pgina sho'ng'in joylarida sho'ng'in mashg'ulotlari uchun dam olish maktablari mavjud. Afsuski, PADI, CMAS-ISA, NAUI, IANTD, SSI, SDI / TDI kabi xalqaro taniqli rekreatsion va texnik sho'ng'in agentliklari bilan hamkorlik qiladi. Ushbu agentliklarning sertifikatlari odatda dunyo miqyosida qabul qilinadi va mavjud bo'lgan ta'lim sifati dunyoning aksariyat joylarida bo'lgani kabi agentlikka qaraganda ko'proq o'qituvchi va maktabga bog'liq. Janubiy Afrikada tez aylanmaning ulushi bor va hech qachon standartlarga zid kelmaydi, shuningdek, juda yaxshi o'qituvchilarga ega. Standartlarni o'qing va pul to'laganingizga ishonch hosil qiling.

Janubiy Afrika, shuningdek, tijorat g'avvoslarini tayyorlash uchun tanlangan joy, chunki sertifikatlash Xalqaro Diver Recognition Forum tomonidan tan olingan va Evropaga qaraganda ancha arzon.

Hurmat

Tabiatni muhofaza qilish va brakonerlik muammosi

Sport sho'ng'inining rif ekologiyasiga ta'siri haqida xavotirlar mavjud. Ulardan ba'zilari qonuniy bo'lishi mumkin va bu haqiqiy muammo ekanligini tekshirish uchun o'rganish kerak. O'tgan yillar davomida mintaqada sho'ng'inlar soni sezilarli darajada ko'paygan, ammo ishonchli raqamli ma'lumotlar mavjud emas. Saytlar soni ham ko'paygan, shuning uchun aksariyat saytlarda sho'ng'in chastotasi mutanosib ravishda ko'paymaydi.

Dam olish dalgıçları, odatda, tabiatni muhofaza qilishni yoqlashadi va Janubiy Afrika suvlarida Skubada dengiz hayotini to'plash yoki qo'lga kiritish uchun ruxsat berilmaganligi sababli, odatda o'zlarini atrof-muhitga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan deb hisoblamaydilar. Rif organizmlari bilan aloqa qilish va cho'kindilarni bezovta qilish natijasida ba'zi bir zararlarga olib keladigan dalillar mavjud. Xo'sh, bu ta'sir boshqa bosimlarga nisbatan qanchalik muhim?

The Janubiy Afrika milliy fazoviy biologik xilma-xillikni baholash 2004 yil texnik hisoboti indicates that "Non-Extractive Recreational Activities" has been identified as a potential threat to marine biodiversity.This category is ranked 7th of the nine categories and includes Diver based activities such as snorkelling, scuba diving and cage diving to view sharks, as one of five subcategories.The identification and ranking of the potential threats was made by "Summed Expert Ratings", a procedure similar to the scoring method for competitive dancing, gymnastics and similar sports.

The authors claim that it has been established that scuba diving and associated activities can cause significant damage to coral communities by destructive contact (anchoring and diver damage), resuspension of sediments and by hand-to-coral contact.They also mention that coral reefs in South Africa are confined to the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park where anchoring or mooring is prohibited, and that current research has indicated that the coral reefs of this region have not experienced serious diver damage.

They also state that most divers cause very little damage to coral reefs although underwater photographers have been identified as a group that causes more damage to reefs than other users.

Their findings also show that the prevalence of predominantly soft corals on South African reefs makes them fairly resilient to diver damage.

Unfortunately the government department of Marine and Coastal Management has made use of this report and surveys on tropical coral reefs to support an effort to make money out of recreational diving on the reefs in all marine protected areas by imposing a permit system as a recreational diver tax. No surveys of temperate reefs can be produced to justify their claims that divers are a threat to the reef ecology, and it seems unlikely that their interference will benefit either the ecology or the diving industry.

At the time the policy was perceived as a thinly disguised attempt to tax what department political appointees appeared to see as a wealthy but politically powerless minority group. However, there was an immediate reaction by the recreational diving industry and the recreational divers who use the affected areas, to the effect that the proposed permit fees were reduced significantly and the industry is more united than it had ever been before. The non-profit organisation Underwater Africa was formed to represent the recreational divers and recreational diving industry and it has fought tirelessly for the rights of its constituency.

Even in its restricted scope the permit system may have damaged the industry, as a number of dive charter operators have subsequently gone out of business, and the main effect appears to be that divers are harassed by officials of MCM while poaching has increased.

There is no evidence that the permit system has achieved any of its stated aims of providing finance for improved conservation in the MPAs. It is questionable whether it even covers the cost of its own administration, and may be merely an employment opportunity for the otherwise unemployable.

Marine and Coastal Management has (2010) gone through a period of major change as the government split its responsibilities between two departments. Fisheries have been transferred to the Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), and conservation has gone to Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA). Internal turf wars at upper levels appear to be continuing to reduce effectiveness, and the working staff seem to have difficulty getting their jobs done. The most notorious of the previous management appear to have been transferred sideways rather than fired. So it goes.

Marine Protected Areas

34°0′0″S 18°30′0″E
Marine Protected Areas of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay

34°0′0″S 23°54′0″E
Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area

33 ° 54′0 ″ S 26 ° 6′0 ″ E
Port-Elizabethning dengiz muhofazalangan hududlari

30 ° 15′0 ″ S 30 ° 54′0 ″ E
Alival Shoalning dengizdan muhofaza qilinadigan hududlari

27°42′0″S 32°36′0″E
Marine protected areas of Sodwana and northern KZN

A large number of the most popular dive sites of South Africa are in proclaimed Marine Protected Areas, and a permit is required to scuba dive in any MPA. Ruxsatnomalar bir yil davomida amal qiladi va pochta aloqasining ba'zi filiallarida mavjud. Temporary permits, valid for a month, are usually available at dive shops or from dive boat operators who operate in MPAs. The permits are not expensive, but the requirement to have them present at the site is an annoyance, as they are paper, and the printing on them states that the original permit, the invoice, and the holder's original identity document or passport must be produced on demand.

The department has officially specified that notarised copies are acceptable, but this information does not appear to have been passed on to their staff, who are frequently reported as insisting on the originals, and their generally uncouth and threatening attitude is notorious. The same personnel are seldom available to take action when complaints of poaching are made. It is not clear whether this is because the poachers tend to react violently to interference, while recreational divers have a long history of non-violence, or because they are on the take.

There have been accusations of corruption against personnel of MCM, which have not been cleared up, and the fact that a large part of the department's income derives from marine products confiscated from poachers is seen by many to be a conflict of interests, as this income would dry up if poaching was stopped.

It should probably be mentioned that the policies of MCM regarding recreational diving restrictions are in many cases not supported by members of their research staff, though obviously these are private opinions.

As of 2010 MCM has been split between the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) and the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA). The situation has not improved after the split, and it is not clear, apparently even to the personnel of the two departments, who is responsible for what in the field of marine conservation. Some political officials appear to be attempting to gain short term popularity by trying to open reserves to artisanal fishers, in complete contradiction of the conservation policies, and enforcement is no better than before. Poaching goes on unabated, and divers are still harassed because it is much safer than attempting to apprehend the poachers, who tend to be armed and dangerous.

Diving on wrecks

A lot of ships have been wrecked on South Africa's long, rugged and dangerous coastline during the last 500 years. Due to its strategic location on the historical trade route between Europe and the East, at least 2700 vessels are known to have sunk, grounded, been wrecked, abandoned or scuttled in South African waters.

Wrecks and their associated artifacts can be impressive and interesting sites for recreational scuba diving and underwater photography. The diversity of wrecks around the South African coast offers divers a wide range of sites to visit and explore. At the same time, historical wrecks are a unique, fragile and non-renewable cultural heritage resource of great archaeological value. We all have a responsibility to conserve this heritage for future generations.

Divers are free to visit most wreck sites, but should remember that they are privileged to have access to these sites, which are an important part of our collective cultural heritage.

The complex and delicate nature of wreck sites requires that divers are especially careful when visiting them. To preserve them for future generations to enjoy and learn from, it is important that you appreciate the importance of wrecks, dive responsibly and treat shipwrecks with care and respect.

Wrecks are also important habitats for marine life. Avoid damaging wrecks by carelessly touching them with your hands, knees or fins. The disturbance of protective coverings of sand, plant growth or the products of corrosion that have formed on wrecks can greatly increase the rate at which a wreck and its contents decay. This reduces the wreck's value as an historical resource and dive site and divers should avoid doing anything that will disturb the delicate equilibrium of a wreck site.

Anchoring into wrecks can cause severe damage to artifacts and the structure of the wreck. If you need to anchor, ensure that you do so well off the wreck. Remember that a wreck site is non-renewable, and won't regenerate like a damaged reef. Dive with care and leave the wreck as you found it.

Legal protection of wrecks

The wrecks of ships or aircraft, and any associated cargo, debris or artifact more than 60 years old and in South African waters are protected by the National Heritage Resources Act #25 of 1999 (NHRA). The law of salvage and finds does not apply to historical shipwrecks, which are considered by the NHRA to be archaeological material, and as such are the property of the state, administered by SAHRA in trust for the nation, and may not be disturbed in any way except under the terms of a permit issued by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA).

There are severe penalties for contravening the Act, including heavy fines and jail terms. All members of the South African Police Services, and Customs and Excise officers may act as Heritage Inspectors in terms of the Act, with powers of search, confiscation and arrest.

Historical wrecks may be visited provided that the sites are not disturbed or interfered with and no artifacts are removed or damaged.Resist the temptation to take home souvenirs. Not only is it illegal to remove such material, but anything recovered from a wreck needs immediate conservation treatment or it will end up rotting away or disintegrating. Souvenir hunting strips sites of artifacts and the information they carry, and denies future divers the experience of diving on a well preserved wreck.

Take only photos, leave only bubbles!

Yordam oling

  • Emergency medical services vary in quality. Metro Rescue in Cape Town has a good reputation. However service will depend on availability of equipment and personnel. Hospital facilities also vary considerably, and most are understaffed.
  • Recompression facilities are sparse. There are chambers in Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria. However, those which exist and are available, are competently manned and kept in good condition. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is standard at these facilities.
  • Divers Alert Network (DAN) has a branch in South Africa Their toll free line from within the country 0800 020 111, and regular line *27 (0)11 254 1112 will get you the 24-hour emergency hotline. If you are a DAN member and are involved in a diving accident, contact them first and they will make the necessary arrangements through whichever other organisations are most appropriate.
  • National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI) have stations near most places where seaside recreational activities are popular
  • Underwater Africa[o'lik havola] "The CPR of diving: Conservation, Promotion and Representation”. Contact them if you have trouble getting a permit or are harassed by officials of MCM or other organisations. They may be able to help.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

See also: South Africa#Stay safe

  • Crime unfortunately is endemic to pretty much the whole country, but some parts are worse than others. Generally where there are more people there is more crime, but not always in direct proportion. South Africa has pretty good laws in general, but they do tend to protect the guilty more than the innocent, and as a result, enforcement often leaves a lot to be desired. Shortage of staff, indifference, and corruption within the enforcement bureaucracy also do not help.
  • South African politicians have a reputation for corruption, generally not very competent corruption, but there appears to be a tendency towards greed, incompetence, nepotism and indifference towards the job. This tends to filter down though the bureaucracies. However, there are laws which are intended to deal with these problems, and blowing the whistle does not usually get the foreigner into trouble the way it can do in some other places. If you stand up to it they will often back off, failure to provide service is the most likely retaliation, and you can always go to the press. At this stage the press is free, though not always interested. The foreign traveller is often better off than the local inhabitant as they will get better publicity for complaints, and the official policy is to encourage tourism as it brings in money.
  • Scuba diving permits are required by anyone who wishes to dive in a Marine Protected Area. These are available from some Post Offices in the vicinity of the MPAs, and are valid for all MPAs. They should be available over the counter for about R92. The Post Office does take credit cards though it is possible that some branches might not. You will be required to show your identity document or passport. The permit is on the same form as recreational fishing permits, and is not waterproof or water resistant, but you are expected to show it when requested by an inspector. A certified copy is authorised by Marine and Coastal management, the organisation issuing the permits, but this is contradicted by the text on the permit, and the enforcement officials appear to be unaware that the copy is acceptable. The documents have been reprinted and are being issued as of 2018. Carry the permit in your car, but don't bother to carry it on the boat, as no-one else will either.
  • Pollution is a long-standing problem. Many municipalities do not provide adequate services, and in many places effluent is discharged in contravention of the law, by the authorities who should be preventing it. Industry can often arrange a blind eye to be turned when they discharge their wastes. A lot depends on who the major shareholders are and how much money is involved. Nevertheless, it is usually safe enough to dive along most of the coast. Specific regional problems will be detailed in the regional dive guides.

Hazardous marine organisms

These vary by region. Refer to the regional dive guide.

Breathing gas, safety and emergency equipment standards

SAMSA licence number displayed on a dive boat in Cape Town
Correct colours for diving cylinders
  • Compressed breathing air quality is required by law to comply with SANS 10019. This is of an internationally acceptable standard. The filling station is obliged to keep a record of the results of air quality testing on site and show them to a user on request. This requirement is not usually stringently enforced, nevertheless, where there is competition for business, the air is usually good.
  • Compressor Operators who fill cylinders are legally required to be competent in terms of South African National Standard SANS 10019, but there is no requirement for certification, and this requirement is not often enforced. The CMAS-ISA Compressor operator certificate is generally considered within the recreational diving industry to be a sufficient indication of competence, though not a necessary one.
  • Compressed breathing gas fills are required by SANS 458:2005 table A.1(b) item 4 to be within 5% of the nominal fill pressure corrected to 20°C, and it is illegal to fill a cylinder to a higher pressure than a developed pressure equivalent to the working pressure stamped on the cylinder at 20°C, corrected to actual temperature when filled. The pressure must be checked before you leave the filling station, or it will be virtually impossible to prove deficiency. All filling stations are required to provide an accurate and calibrated pressure gauge if requested. In practice the gauges are seldom recently calibrated.
  • Scuba cylinder colour coding is prescribed by SANS 10019 to be canary yellow with a french grey shoulder. Nitrox and trimix cylinders should have been cleaned for oxygen service before first use with mixed gases, and be labeled for the service. Technically a commercial filling station may not fill a cylinder that is not the right colour or is not in date for visual inspection and hydrostatic tests. Privately owned, filled and used cylinders are not restricted in the same way.
  • Nitrox fills will normally be mixed on demand, and the customer is expected to personally test or observe the test for oxygen content and sign for it. After that it is your own business what you do with it. You may be asked to show Nitrox certification, but that is up to the seller, and is not required by law. Cylinders to be filled with Nitrox are required by law to have a label showing the composition of the contents, but the specifications for the label are so mind bogglingly incompetent that filling stations may require more rationally useful labels than legally required. Most stations will accept cylinders with the old style labels, as they at least provide adequate information. Composition is usually written on masking tape with a waterproof marker and stuck to the shoulder of the cylinder. This may or may not be legal, as the authorised experts are not keen to admit either way, and it is the standard procedure.
  • Cylinders to be filled with Trimix are also required to be labelled with the contents. The size and position of the label is specified, but it is not required to actually be visible, and it is a position commonly covered by tank bands if the cylinders are twinned. Additional labels which can actually be seen are not forbidden, and may be used.
  • Cylinders dedicated to 100% oxygen for breathing must be black with a white shoulder, but Nitrox cylinders may be filled with 99% Oxygen, and Nitrox mixes only need to be analysed to the nearest 1% accuracy. If you have a Nitrox cylinder filled with Oxygen for decompression gas, label it as 99% and it will be legal.
  • Medical oxygen specifically intended for surface first aid purposes should be carried in the official black cylinder with white shoulder. Most have a pin index valve, but this is not a legal requirement, and a bullnose fitting as is used on bulk cylinders, or a scuba pillar valve may also be used, depending on the regulator available. As it is not a legal requirement to carry medical oxygen on a dive boat, it is also not a requirement to use any specific type of regulator. The regulators marketed by DAN are popular, and possibly the best for purpose, as they allow 100% on demand for conscious users and can also supply free-flow to a medical mask for unconscious users. Other types may be diving regulators which will only supply a demand regulator, and some older free-flow systems intended for general first aid purposes.
  • The law requires that cylinders which are to be filled with gas mixtures containing more than 23% oxygen must be cleaned before the first fill with such gas mixture. Filling stations often require that there is an Oxygen clean label on the cylinder if it is to be filled by partial pressure blending, but this is not a legal requirement.
  • Oxygen is carried by most dive charter boats, and this is considered the industry standard, though not required by law.
  • First aid kits are required by law to be carried on boats.
  • Skippers of dive boats are required by law to be certified for the category of vessel they operate, and to have a diving endorsement to the certificate. This certificate must be carried on the boat, so you can expect to be shown it if you ask at a reasonable time. If the boat is launched through the surf, the skipper's certificate must also be endorsed for surf launching. Unfortunately the certificate does not guarantee competence, but most of the skippers get good or get out.
  • Skippers are also required to be trained in basic first aid, but this is juda basic and does not include decompression illness.
  • Dive boats are obliged by law to carry safety equipment and pass a safety inspection every year. This is shown by a certificate and a decal on the boat.
  • Vessels used for any commercial purpose must be licensed or registered in terms of the Merchant Shipping Act.
    • Small craft licensing: You can recognise and identify a licensed vessel by the license number it must display on the sides. The number consists of a prefix identifying the licensing authority, followed by a number identifying the vessel, and any applicable category letters.
      • South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) uses DT plus a letter identifying the port of origin. DTC is Cape Town. The number may be followed by a class letter indicating the waters the boat is licensed and equipped to operate in.
      • South African Deep Sea Angling Association (SADSAA) uses club identification prefixes.
      • South African Sailing (SAS) uses SA for sailing vessels and ZA for motor vessels
      • South African Small Craft Association (SASCA) uses U followed by the category and then the number.
      • South African Institute for Skippers (SAIS) uses A
      • South African Police Service (SAPS) uses SAPS

Sog'lom bo'ling

  • Malaria is endemic to some regions in the north east of the country. For divers this is mainly northern KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Bilharzia is also endemic to some regions on the east coast, but only affects fresh water, so is not generally a problem to divers.
  • HIV is widespread. However it is not really a particular problem for recreational divers.
E'tibor beringCOVID-19 information: Recreational scuba is not allowed during level 5 or 4 lock down. The rules for level 3 lock down are less clear, but the use of private boats for self-drive excursion activities for recreational scuba is permitted by the Department of Environmental Affairs, subject to the existing permit conditions.
Use of rental scuba equipment may be a health risk as there does not appear to be any consensus on effective measures to reliably disinfect scuba equipment that do not damage the equipment. Check with the shop how they disinfect equipment between users, and check whether what they do is recognised as effective against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
(Information last updated 25 Jun 2020)

Ish

A recreational diving certification does not qualify you to work as a diver except as recreational divemaster or instructor. All other underwater work done for reward or as part of your employment requires registration as a commercial diver, or a recognised foreign equivalent. This includes scientific diving, including for your own postgraduate research at most universities, and at all research institutions.

The recreational diving industry is specifically excluded from the scope of the South African Department of Employment and Labour's Diving Regulations, but not from the rest of the Occupational Health and Safety Act and its other relevant regulations.

Citizen science data collection, whether entirely autonomous, or as part of an organised project, is not considered to be within the scope of the diving regulations provided that each diver is personally responsible for the planning and execution of all their dives, and not under the direction of any other person regarding the safety of the dive.

O'rganing

Recreational diver training

All major diving centres in South Africa have recreational diver training schools. Most of the major international diver certification agencies are represented in South Africa. See also the regional dive guides for local details.

Bunga quyidagilar kiradi:

  • PADI
  • NAUI
  • CMAS
  • SSI
  • IANTD
  • TDI/SDI
  • RAID

Technical diver training

Technical diver training is available at the major centres such as Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg, and at Badgat, also marketed as Komati Springs, where the site is suitable for deep and cave diving throughout the year. Rebreather training is available, but only where there is an instructor certified to train the specific equipment. This varies from time to time.

Commercial diver training

Preparing a surface supplied helmet diver for the water at Blue Rock Quarry

(Including scientific diving and public safety diving)

The South African Department of Employment and Labour certifications in Commercial Diving are recognised by the International Diver Recognition and Certification Forum. Divers holding certification that is recognised by the IDRCF may legally work as commercial divers in countries represented on the forum, provided that other visa and work permit conditions are complied with.

There is not a great deal of commercial diving work in South Africa, and the pay is not very good by world standards, but the training is cheaper than in most other countries on the IDRCF, and as a result South Africa has become a training destination for foreign commercial divers. Learner divers from Europe have commented that the cost of training at home covers the training costs, medical examination, travel and living expenses and enough change for an additional vacation in South Africa. South African commercial diver training is also popular with learner divers from many countries where there is no officially sanctioned commercial diver training system, and the certification, though there is no guarantee of employment, allows the holder to apply for lucrative work in the international offshore petrochemical industry.

A reasonable ability to communicate in English is a prerequisite, and medical fitness to dive must be verified by a medical practitioner registered as a Diving Medical Practitioner with the South African Department of Employment and Labour. Foreign medical certificates of fitness to dive are not recognised for commercial diving.

O'qing

  • Branch, G. and Branch, M. 1981, The Living Shores of Southern Africa, Struik, Cape Town. ISBN 0-86977-1159
  • Branch, G.M. Griffiths,C.L. Mranch, M.L and Beckley, L.E. Revised edition 2010, Two Oceans – A guide to the marine Life of Southern Africa, David Philip, Cape Town. ISBN 978 1 77007 772 0
  • Gosliner, T. 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Arica, Sea Challengers & Jeff Hamann, Monterey. ISBN 0930118138
  • Heemstra, P. and Heemstra E. 2004, Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa, NISC/SAIAB, Grahamstown.
  • Ed. Smith, M.M. and Heemstra, P. 2003 Smith’s Sea Fishes. Struik, Cape Town. (Authoritative, large and expensive)

Regional references

West Coast
  • Stegenga, H. Bolton, J.J. and Anderson, R.J. 1997, Seaweeds of the South African West Coast. Bolus Herbarium, Cape Town. ISBN 079921793X (rather technical)
Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula and environs
KwaZulu-Natal
  • De Clerck, O. Bolton, J.J. Anderson, R.J. and Coppejans, E. 2005,Guide to the seaweeds of KwaZulu-Natal Scripta Botanica Belgica; vol 33, National Botanic Gardens, Meise, Belgium. ISBN 9072619641
  • King, D. 1996 Reef Fishes and Corals: East coast of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town. ISBN 1868259811
  • King, D. and Fraser, V. 2002, More Reef Fishes and Nudibranchs, Struik, Cape Town, ISBN 186872686X
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