Janubiy Afrika - South Africa

Janubiy Afrika bu Afrikaeng janubiy mamlakat. Bu juda xilma-xil landshaftlarga, 11 ta rasmiy tilga ega va aholisi bir xil darajada turlicha bo'lgan katta mamlakat.

Mintaqalar

Janubiy Afrika 9 viloyatga bo'lingan:

Hududlar

• Shahzoda Eduard orollari - Antarktika ostidagi Hind okeanidagi ikkita kichik orol. Kirish tadqiqot va tabiatni muhofaza qilish boshqaruvi bilan cheklangan.

Shaharlar

• -25.74638888888928.1880555555561 Pretoriya - mamlakatning ma'muriy poytaxti. Ko'p sonli elchixonalar va uchta universitet joylashgan.
• -33.92518.4252 Keyptaun - Qonunchilik poytaxti va parlamentning o'rni. Yaxshi umid burniga yaqinligi bilan nomlangan jahon darajasidagi shahar. Shuningdek, Janubiy Afrikadan bir metr narida sharobzorlar. Dengiz va Stol tog'i o'rtasida joylashgan dunyodagi eng go'zal shaharlardan biri bu mahalliy sayyohlar va chet eldan kelgan sayyohlar uchun eng sevimli yozgi manzil.
• -29.126.2166666666673 Bloemfontein - Konstitutsiyadan tashqari masalalar bo'yicha eng yuqori sud - Oliy Apellyatsiya sudining joylashgan joyi. Yoxannesburgdagi Konstitutsiyaviy sud 1994 yilda konstitutsiyaviy masalalar bo'yicha eng yuqori sudga aylandi.
• -29.85833333333331.0254 Durban - eng katta shahar KwaZulu-Natal, Janubiy Afrikadagi Hindiston jamoasining yuragi bo'lgan Janubiy Afrikada uchinchi o'rin va Janubiy Afrikaliklar uchun mashhur qirg'oq bo'ylab dam olish joyi.
• -26.20436111111128.0416388888895 Yoxannesburg - Janubiy Afrikaning iqtisodiy yuragi va eng keng tarqalgan kirish nuqtasi Janubiy Afrika.
• -28.73861111111124.7586111111116 Kimberli- kapitali Shimoliy Keyp Viloyat. Olmoslari va "Katta teshik" bilan mashhur.
• -23.929.457 Polokvan - kapitali Limpopo (rasmiy ravishda Pietersburg nomi bilan tanilgan) va shimoliy qismlarga tashrif buyurish uchun yaxshi sakrash nuqtasi Kruger milliy bog'i va Zimbabve.
• -33.95805555555625.68 Gqeberha /Port Elizabeth - sohil bo'yidagi shahar Sharqiy Keyp Ngqura porti bilan (chuqur suv porti) va Addo fillari milliy bog'i yaqin joylashgan.
• -28.45722222222221.24259 Upington - Qurg'oqchil hududda joylashgan Shimoliy Keyp viloyat, bu shahar Kalaxari cho'lini va joylashgan milliy bog'larni o'rganishda yaxshi asosdir Shimoliy Keyp.

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

Milliy bog'lar

Janubiy Afrika tabiat tarixiga qiziquvchilar uchun jannatdir. Bog'larda, fermer xo'jaliklarida, shaxsiy qo'riqxonalarda va hattoki yo'llarda keng turlarga duch kelish mumkin (xavfli va xavfli).

• The -24.01138931.4852781 Kruger milliy bog'i nihoyatda yaxshi boshqariladigan va sevimli sayyohlik maskani.
• -25.76666666666720.3833333333332 Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park Kalahari cho'lining markazida keng maydonlar va o'yinlar to'plami, shu jumladan ulug'vor "Gemsbok". Bu Afrikada xalqaro chegaralarni kesib o'tgan birinchi parkdir.
• Shunga o'xshash ko'plab kichik bog'lar mavjud -28.248613631.98925883 Xluxluve-iMfolozi bog'i, -33.446125.74584 Addo fillari milliy bog'i, -24.383327.61675 Marakele milliy bog'i, -25.261127.10086 Pilanesberg milliy bog'i yoki -2832.57 iSimangaliso botqoqli bog'i.

Qarang Afrika florasi va faunasi va Janubiy Afrika milliy bog'lari qo'shimcha ma'lumot uchun. Deyarli barcha bog'larda va diqqatga sazovor bo'lgan geografik joylarning atrofida piyoda yo'llar mavjud, Janubiy Afrikada yurish ular haqida ma'lumot o'z ichiga oladi.

YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ob'ektlari

• The -25.96723127.662448 Insoniyat beshigi yaqin Yoxannesburg Hammasi qaerdan boshlanganiga qiziqqan har bir kishi uchun ko'rishi shart. Gominid va rivojlangan maymun qoldiqlariga boy g'orlarning katta to'plami.
• -33.80518.379 Robben oroli faqat qirg'oq yaqinida Keyptaun, bu erda Nelson Mandela ko'p yillar qamoqda edi.
• Cape Floral mintaqasi G'arbiy Keyp
• -2832.510 iSimangaliso botqoqli bog'i
• Mapungubwe Kingdom Shimoli g'arbiy
• Richtersveld madaniy va botanika manzarasi Shimoliy Keyp
• -29.429.5211 Uxahlamba Drakensberg bog'i landshaft, biologik xilma-xillik va tosh san'ati uchun.
• -27.01666666666727.38333333333312 Vredefort Gumbaz, eng katta va eng qadimgi meteorit ta'sir kraterining qoldiqlari.

Tushuning

Agar siz sayohat qilishni xohlasangiz janubiy Afrika keyin Janubiy Afrika boshlash uchun yaxshi joy. Afrikaning janubidagi istalgan mamlakatga uchishingiz mumkin bo'lsa-da, aksariyat parvozlar baribir Janubiy Afrika orqali o'tadi. Janubiy Afrika mintaqada sayohat qilishga odatlanish uchun juda yaxshi joydir (garchi ba'zilar buning uchun Namibiya yaxshiroq deb ta'kidlashadi). Albatta, Janubiy Afrika nafaqat o'tish nuqtasi, balki u madaniyat, hayvonot dunyosi, flora va tarixga boy ajoyib joy.

Ba'zi bir begonalarning e'tiqodlaridan farqli o'laroq, Janubiy Afrika beqaror hukumat bilan juda qashshoq emas. Garchi Janubiy Afrikaning ba'zi qishloq joylari dunyoning eng qashshoq va eng kam rivojlangan qismlari qatorida qolsa-da va shaharchalarning ayrim joylarida qashshoqlik dahshatli bo'lishi mumkin va lagerlar bir kechada ko'payishi mumkin, ammo bu borada yutuqlarga erishilmoqda. Deyarli 46 yil davom etgan aparteiddan qutulish jarayoni juda sust. Darhaqiqat, aparteidning so'nggi yillarida asta-sekin yaxshilanib borayotgan Janubiy Afrikaning Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Inson taraqqiyoti indeksi 1996 yildan beri keskin pasayib ketdi, bu asosan OITS pandemiyasi bilan bog'liq, shuningdek, ma'muriyatning noto'g'ri ishlatilishi va davlat resurslarining isrof qilinishi natijasida o'sishga olib keldi. qashshoqlik darajasi va boylar va kambag'allar o'rtasidagi daromadlar tobora kengayib borishi. Janubiy Afrikada rivojlangan davlat va xususiy mablag 'bilan ta'minlangan infratuzilma mavjud bo'lib, barcha zamonaviy qulayliklar va texnologiyalardan xabardor. Qurilish, yo'llar, texnologiyalar, tovarlarni ishlab chiqarish, tibbiyot va shifoxonalar, aloqa va axborot texnologiyalari, aeronavtika, bank ishi, vositachilik va investitsiyalar, ichimliklar va oziq-ovqat zanjirining milliy sifat standartlari dunyodagi eng yaxshi ko'rsatkichlar bilan tenglashmoqda. Hukumat barqaror, garchi korruptsiya haydovchilik guvohnomalari, akademik diplomlar va sertifikatlar, quruqlik chegaralaridagi postlarda pullik evaziga pasport olish yoki vizalar va ruxsatnomalar bilan ishlovchi ichki ishlar xodimlariga muhr bosish kabi ba'zi sohalarda keng tarqalgan. omadlarini sinab ko'rish va jinoyatchilik sindikatlari muammolardan qutulish yo'lini sotib olish. Kattaroq biznes yuqori lavozimli hukumat amaldorlariga qog'oz ishini noto'g'ri bajarish yoki maxsus imtiyozlar berish uchun pora berishi mumkin, shuningdek, greftni yuqori darajadagi shaxslar talab qilishi mumkin. Hukumat va birlamchi siyosiy partiyalar odatda demokratik institutlar va inson huquqlariga yuqori darajada hurmat ko'rsatadilar, matbuot esa erkin va senzurasiz, sud tizimi va konstitutsiyaviy sud esa to'liq mustaqil.

Mamlakat tarkibiy tuzilmalar bilan bog'liq muammolarga qaramay, Janubiy Afrika Afrikadagi eng kuchli va eng xilma-xil iqtisodiyot bo'lib qolmoqda va yirik iqtisodiyotlarning elita G-20 guruhiga a'zo bo'lgan yagona Afrika mamlakati hisoblanadi.

Iqtisodiyot

Janubiy Afrika o'zining sharoblari va mevalari bilan mashhur. Qishloq xo'jaligi mahsuloti mamlakatni oziq-ovqat bilan o'zini o'zi ta'minlashga imkon beradi, makkajo'xori, shakarqamish va kungaboqar yog'i asosiy ekinlar hisoblanadi. Dengizda baliq ovlash va uni qayta ishlash tobora muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Bu dunyoda platina va uning oilaviy guruhi metallari ishlab chiqaruvchi dunyodagi eng yirik va oltin, temir, ko'mir, olmos, nikel, xrom, alyuminiy, zanglamaydigan po'lat va uran va shu kabilarning asosiy ishlab chiqaruvchisi. Shuningdek, u ko'plab sanoat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqaradi va sintetik yoqilg'i ishlab chiqarishda kashshof hisoblanadi. U katta miqdordagi qurolli kuchni saqlaydi va Afrika siyosatida nufuzli o'yinchi hisoblanadi.

Aytilganlarning barchasi, iqtisodiyotning 27% ishsizlik darajasida aks etgani kabi, amalga oshirilganidan ko'ra ko'proq imkoniyatlarga ega, bu ko'plab janubiy afrikaliklar va chet ellik kuzatuvchilarning fikriga ko'ra, bu noto'g'ri boshqarish va korruptsiya. Biroq, 2018 yil boshidan beri hokimiyatda bo'lgan yangi ma'muriyat boshqaruv va boshqaruvni tozalash bo'yicha kampaniyani olib bordi va buning uchun allaqachon aniq choralar ko'rdi. Davlat hal qilishga urinayotgan yana bir muhim muammo - bu 2000 yildan buyon yomonlashib kelayotgan va shifokorlar va muhandislardan tortib hunarmandlar va o'qituvchilargacha bo'lgan barcha turdagi malakali mutaxassislarni o'z ichiga olgan "miya qochishi".

Geografiya

Janubiy Afrika Afrikaning eng janubiy qismida joylashgan bo'lib, uning uzunligi 2500 km dan (1553 milya) va ikki okean bo'ylab (Janubiy Atlantika va Hindiston) cho'zilgan uzun qirg'oq chizig'i bor. Bu mamlakat ichkarisida nisbatan quruq mamlakat va Kalaxari cho'lining isboti, ayniqsa Shimoliy Keyp va shimoliy g'arbiy Atlantika mintaqasida. Ikkita asosiy daryo tizimlari shimoliy chegara bo'ylab va Sharqiy daryo bo'ylab sharqiy yo'nalishda o'tadigan Limpopo bo'lib, taxminan markaziy mintaqalardan Atlantika okeanigacha janubi-g'arbiy yo'nalishda harakatlanadi. Drakensberg tog 'tizmasi Sharqiy Keypning quyi qismidan KwaZulu-Natal va Esvatinigacha 3000 metrdan oshiq balandlikgacha (Mafadi 3450 metr). Free State shtatining Highfelt va platterland mintaqalari, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo va Shimoli-G'arbiy, balandligi 1200 dan 1800 metrgacha va dunyodagi yovvoyi tabiatni muhofaza qilishning eng yaxshi qo'riqxonalariga ega. KapeZu-Natal va Esvatini va Mozambik chegaralariga qadar bo'lgan Hind okeanining dengiz qirg'og'igacha bo'lgan janubiy Keyp va qishloq xo'jaligi hududlaridan qirg'oq mintaqalari mamlakatni eng zich yashil mintaqalar bilan ta'minlaydi.

Tarix

Afrikaning tepasida joylashgan joy Xoyxoy (Hottentot uchun umumiy nom (kamsituvchi)), Bushmenlar (San) va Bantu ming yillar davomida odamlar. Xoysan yoki zamonaviy Khoekhoegowab orfografiyasi bo'yicha Xeson (talaffuzi: [kxʰoesaːn]) - bu "bantu bo'lmagan" Janubiy Afrikaning tub aholisi deb ataladigan sun'iy nom., birlashtiruvchi Hoekhoen(avvalgi "Xoyxoy") va San yoki Shoxen (shuningdek, Kitchen Dutch-da: Boesmansyoki ingliz tilida: Bushmenlar). Xoysan qabilalariga mansub bo'lgan tosh san'ati hali ham Janubiy Afrikaning ko'plab joylarida uchraydi. Bantu qabilalari 2500 yildan ko'proq vaqt oldin hozirgi Janubiy Afrikaning eng shimoliy hududlariga kirib bora boshlagan bo'lishi mumkin, deb o'ylashadi, bugungi kunda biz bilgan turli xil madaniy guruhlar shimoliy, sharqiy, sharqiy markaziy hududlarda tashkil topgan. va Janubiy Afrikaning janubi-sharqida joylashgan. G'arbiy va Shimoliy Keyp provinsiyalarining cho'l va yarim cho'l hududlari, shuningdek Sharqiy Keyp viloyatining g'arbiy qismlari Bantu tomonidan beqaror bo'lib qoldi, chunki quruq iqlim, mavsumiy yog'ingarchilik cheklanganligi, siyrak o'simlik, tabiiy resurslar va suv tanqisligi odamlar va chorva podalarining katta migratsiyasini ta'minlamang.

Nguni mollari Bantu tomonidan parvarish qilingan asosiy chorva mollari bo'lgan va qabilaviy jamiyatda ko'plab madaniy va iqtisodiy vazifalarni bajargan, shu bilan birga serhosil serhosil hududlarga joylashtirilgan Bantu populyatsiyasining soni ko'paygan. Qoramollar bugungi kungacha maqom ramzi bo'lib qolmoqdalar va muomalada bo'lgan tomonlar o'rtasida o'zaro kelishilgan qiymatga ega bo'lgan ibtidoiy valyuta va asosiy ayirboshlash birligi bo'lib xizmat qildilar va shu bilan pul vazifasini bajardilar.

Karoo, Keyp yarimoroli, Kalaxari, Namaqua, Graqua va Bushman erlari mintaqalari asta-sekin Janubiy Afrikaning "Xoysan" hududiga aylanadi. Ushbu asosan quruq hududlarda "Xisan" allaqachon yarim ko'chmanchi bo'lib, qish oylarida cho'l ovi va kamayib borayotgan suv manbalarini izlash shartlari sifatida doimiy ravishda o'rnashib olmagan deb hisoblashadi. Bantu bilan to'qnashuvni oldini olishga intilgan Boer "Voortrekkers" (keyingi xatboshini ko'ring) ushbu hududlarga kirib, quduq va suv o'tkazmaydigan suv havzalarini tashkil qilguniga qadar, ushbu mintaqalarda doimiy yashash joylari tashkil etilishi mumkin emas edi.

Janubi-sharqda Zulu qirolligi 1816-1828 yillarda hukmronlik qilgan va shuningdek, ajoyib jangchi va harbiy qo'mondon sifatida tanilgan shoh Shaka boshchiligidagi qudratli shohlikka aylanadi.

Bugungi kunda suvning ishonchli manbalari va suvni tejashning zamonaviy usullari bilan qishloq xo'jaligi faoliyati asosan qo'y va tuyaqush boqish bilan cheklanib qolmoqda, chunki bu hayvonlar siyrak ozuqaga va cheklangan suvga ko'proq mos keladi.

Mustamlakachilik

Bartolomeo Dias 1488 yilda Yaxshi Umid burnini aylanib o'tgan birinchi ma'lum Evropadir. 10 yil o'tgach Vasko da Gama Hindistonga birinchi safarini amalga oshirdi, ammo portugallar Yaxshi Umid Burunini to'xtash bazasi sifatida e'tiborsiz qoldirdilar; 1652 yil aprel oyida Gollandiyaning Ost-Hind kompaniyasi tomonidan Keyptaunda birinchi doimiy Evropa turar joyi qurilgan. 1700 yillarning oxirlarida Boers (o'troq dehqonlar) asta-sekin birinchi g'arbiy tomon qirg'oq bo'ylab, keyin esa yuqoriga qarab ichki qismga kengayishni boshladi. 1795 yilga kelib, Britaniya Gollandiyaliklarga qarshi Napoleon urushlari natijasida Keypni o'z nazorati ostiga oldi va 1820 yilda ushbu hududga ingliz ko'chmanchilarining katta guruhi kelib, Gollandiyalik Boers turmush tarzini buzdi. 1835 yilda ko'p sonli Boers "Voortrekkerlar" nomi bilan tanilgan (birinchi qidiruv ketgan) Groot Trek (buyuk migratsiya) inglizlar hukmronligidan norozi bo'lgandan keyin shimolga qarab ichki qismga. Ichki makonda ular o'zlarining xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan Oranje Free State va Transvaal respublikalarini tashkil etishdi. Ayni paytda, inglizlar 1879 yilgi Angliya-Zulu urushida Zulular qirolligini mag'lub etishadi va shu bilan Zulu xalqi ustidan mustamlaka hukmronligini o'rnatadilar.

Zamonaviy tarix

Shuningdek qarang: 20-asr Janubiy Afrika

Kimberleyda olmos va Transvaalda oltinning katta konlari topilgandan so'ng, Angliya sarmoyaviy manfaatlari tomonidan mintaqani boshqarish uchun ikkita urush uyushtirilib, Boer respublikalari va 1880 va 1899 yillarda inglizlar, mineral resurslarni nazoratini "burlar" qo'lidan yumshatish uchun. Ikkinchi urush 1886 yilda oltin topilganiga javoban Britaniyalik ko'chmanchilar Yoxannesburg atrofidagi "Witwatersrand" (oq suvning ko'tarilishi) deb nomlangan maydonga suv bosgandan keyin sodir bo'ldi. Ikkinchi Bur urushi (afrikaliklar: Die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog yoki "Ikkinchi Istiqlol urushi") ayniqsa shafqatsiz edi, chunki Britaniya ma'muriyati kontsentratsion lagerlarda Boer tinch aholisini qamrab olgan va natijada eng qadimgi genotsidlardan biri bo'lgan. G'alaba har qanday narxda va yoqib yuborilgan yer siyosati bilan, Ber fermer xo'jaliklari, chorvachilik, ekinzorlar va uy-joylar ham ko'p jihatdan yo'q qilindi. Ajablanarlisi shundaki, bu urush birinchi bo'lib kinofilmlarda suratga olingan, natijada namoyishlar natijasida Buyuk Britaniyada jamoatchilik fikri Britaniya lashkarining lagerlarda mahbuslarga nisbatan g'ayriinsoniy munosabatiga qarshi turishga sabab bo'ldi.

1902 yilgi Vereeniging shartnomasi bilan tinchlik o'rnatilgandan so'ng, Janubiy Afrika Ittifoqi 1910 yilda tashkil topgan, turli xillarni birlashtirgan Boer respublikalar va Britaniya mustamlakalari Britaniya Hamdo'stligining a'zosi sifatida birlashgan davlatga aylanib, Birinchi Jahon urushi, Ikkinchi Jahon urushi va Koreya urushiga katta hissa qo'shdi, xom ashyo, qurol ishlab chiqarish va askarlar bilan. 1961 yilda aparteid rejimida Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi tashkil topdi va SA Hamdo'stlikdan chiqdi. Evropalik bo'lmaganlar, asosan, o'zlarining qabila huquqiy tizimiga va ierarxik boshqaruv shakliga ko'ra o'z-o'zini boshqarish sharoitida yashashlari kerak bo'lgan suveren erlarni olganliklari sababli, ushbu siyosiy o'zgarishlardan chetlashtirildi.

1948 yilda hokimiyat tepasiga Milliy partiya keldi. NP juda ko'p narsalarni taqdim etdi aparteid tez-tez bir-biriga qarshi reydlar va chegara urushlarida qatnashgan Janubiy Afrikadagi har xil qabilalarning har biriga milliy / qabila, mustaqil va suveren "vatan" berish qonunlari. Qonunlar, shuningdek, institutsional yoki muntazam ravishda, irqiy ajratish va kamsitish tizimini amalga oshirdi va oq ozchiliklarning qora ko'pchilik ustidan va hind va rangli ozchilik guruhlari ustidan hukmronligini davom ettirishni ta'minladi. Ushbu harakat turli xil qabila podshohlari va boshliqlarining aksariyati tomonidan mamnuniyat bilan qabul qilindi, chunki ko'pchilik qabilalar o'zini o'zi boshqarishga intilgan. Ko'p o'tmay, aparteid irqchilik va zulm bilan deyarli sinonimga aylandi, chunki millionlab oq tanli bo'lmaganlar irqiy segregatsiyani amalga oshiradigan uy-joy siyosati ostida o'z uylarini tark etishga majbur bo'ldilar. Afrika milliy kongressi (ANC) terroristik faoliyatni olib borgani va uni rejalashtirgani uchun taqiqlangan va surgun qilingan. Shu vaqt ichida "xavfli" va "buzg'unchi" deb hisoblangan boshqa siyosiy partiyalar ham Janubiy Afrika hukumati tomonidan taqiqlangan edi, shu bilan birga har qanday irqdagi erkin fikrlovchi shaxslar va o'zlariga qo'shilmagan aparteidga qarshi faollar ham ta'qib qilindi, chetlatildi, qamoqqa tashlandi yoki o'ldirildi. Ayni paytda, aparteid tizimini takomillashtirish hiyla-nayrangga aylanadi va juda samarali bo'ladi, chunki jabrlanganlar sudda kichik huquqiy kurashlarda g'alaba qozonishdi, rejim parlamentdagi ko'pchilikdan foydalanib, qonuniy bo'shliqlarni yopish uchun yangi qonunlarni qabul qildi va sud harakatlanuvchi maqsad postlarining shafqatsiz doirasini yaratdi. maqsadlar, shuning uchun hamma narsani "qonuniy" saqlash uchun xayrixoh yuqori amaldorlar va sudyalarning qo'llarini bog'lash. Janubiy Afrika aparteidni ushlab turishga urinishda, sovuq urush va kommunistik xavfni BMT sanktsiyalarini chetlab o'tish va "Janubiy G'arbiy Afrika" (Namibiya) sobiq Germaniya mustamlakasi ichkarisidagi va fuqarolik itoatsizligini zo'ravonlik bilan bostirish uchun bahona sifatida Angolani bosib oldi, qo'llab-quvvatladi. Rodeziya UDI va mustamlakachilikdan keyingi Mozambik va Angolada hukumatga qarshi qurolli qo'zg'olonlar.

Respublika 80-yillarning oxiriga qadar infratuzilmani jadal rivojlantirish va kuchli iqtisodiy o'sishni boshdan kechirayotganiga qaramay, aparteid qonunlariga javoban tez-tez ichki qo'zg'olonlarni boshdan kechirdi. Shu vaqt ichida xalqaro hamjamiyat Janubiy Afrikaga qarshi siyosiy bosim mexanizmlari va savdo embargosini kuchaytirdi va o'z sportchilariga Olimpiya o'yinlarida va boshqa ko'plab xalqaro sport musobaqalarida qatnashishni taqiqladi.

1980-yillarning oxiriga kelib, ko'plab oq tanli fuqarolar xalqaro sanktsiyalar va ichki nizolar Janubiy Afrikaga jiddiy zarar etkaza boshlaganini ko'rib, o'zgarish muqarrarligini anglay boshladilar. Shunday qilib, xavfsizlik xizmatlari, qurolli kuchlar va Milliy partiyadagi mo''tadil odamlar oq liberallar rahbarligiga ergashdilar va 1990 yilda siyosiy mahbuslarni ozod qilish bilan boshlangan aparteidni qanday qilib yo'q qilish bo'yicha muzokaralar olib borish uchun tinchgina ANC rahbarlariga murojaat qila boshladilar.

1990-yillarning boshlarida siyosiy zo'ravonlik kuchayib bordi, chunki har qanday ekstremistlar Janubiy Afrikaning kelajagi haqidagi o'zlarining qarashlari uchun ANC-NP tinchlik muzokaralarini izdan chiqarishga harakat qilishdi. 1992 yilda oq tanli aholining 73% referendumda ovoz berish uchun ovoz bergan aparteid tizim bekor qilindi. Buning ortidan 1993 yilda yangi konstitutsiya va 1994 yil aprel oyida bo'lib o'tgan birinchi haqiqatan ham qamrab oluvchi demokratik saylovlar bo'lib o'tdi, unda Janubiy Afrika Respublikasining barcha yoshdagi fuqarolari etnik va madaniy kelib chiqishiga qaramay ovoz berishga ruxsat berildi. Sobiq siyosiy mahbus Nelson Mandela mamlakatning demokratik yo'l bilan saylangan birinchi prezidenti etib saylandi. ANC 63% ko'pchilik ovozini qo'lga kiritdi va NP bilan Milliy Birlik Hukumatini tuzishga kirishdi.

Aparteid tugaganidan keyin Nelson Mandela tasavvur qilganidek, "kamalak millati" ga umidvor bo'lishiga qaramay, 1999 yilda Mandela iste'foga chiqqandan va Tabo Mbeki uning o'rnini egallaganidan keyin Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi iqtisodiyoti yomon tomonga burila boshladi. Mbeki OIV va OITS o'rtasidagi nedensel munosabatlarni shubha ostiga qo'yib, OITSga qashshoqlik sabab bo'lgan deb o'ylash bilan tortishuvlarni taklif qiladi. Mbeki Janubiy Afrika kasalxonalarida retrovirusga qarshi dorilarni taqiqlab qo'ydi, bu esa OIV bilan kasallangan bemorlarning bevaqt o'limiga olib keldi. Mbeki 2008 yil sentyabr oyida iste'foga chiqishga majbur bo'ladi va oxir-oqibat uni 2009 yil may oyida Jeykob Zuma egallaydi. Zuma qashshoqlikda o'sib, hech qachon rasmiy ma'lumot olmaganligi sababli, kambag'al qora tanli Janubiy Afrikaliklar avvaliga u hamdard bo'lishiga umid qilishgan ular bilan birga va qashshoqlikni engillashtirish bo'yicha siyosat olib boring. Biroq, Zumaning ishi katta korruptsiya mojarolari bilan qiynashgan va u 2018 yilning fevralida iste'foga chiqishga majbur bo'lgan edi. Zumaning o'rnini Kiril Ramafosa egalladi, u korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashishni, iqtisodiyotni jonlantirishni va ulkan boylik farqini yopishga va'da bergan bo'lsa ham. uning siyosati muvaffaqiyatli bo'lishini kutish kerak.

Ijobiy harakatlar siyosati elit qora tanli sinfni shakllantirishga olib kelgan bo'lsa-da, qora tanli aholining aksariyati tegishli sanitariya inshootlari yoki yaxshi maktablarga kirish imkonisiz qashshoqlikda yashashda davom etmoqda. Bu jiddiy irqiy ziddiyatlarni keltirib chiqardi, qora tanli hamjamiyatning ba'zi ekstremistlari mustamlakachilik va aparteid davrida sodir etilgan vahshiyliklar uchun qoplash sifatida qora tanli odamlarga qayta tarqatish uchun kompensatsiz oq tanli jamoani mulkidan mahrum qilishni taklif qilishdi. Boshqa tomondan, aksariyat o'ng qanot oqlar, hokimiyat ularga topshirilgandan so'ng, mamlakatni noto'g'ri boshqarish uchun qora ko'pchilikni ayblashadi. Shuningdek, aparteid davrida kamsitilgan, ammo qora tanlilar jamoasiga qaraganda kamroq darajada bo'lgan hind va rang-barang jamoalar ham ijobiy harakat siyosatiga munosib bo'lmasliklari uchun ma'lum darajada norozilikni saqlaydilar, ko'pincha "u holda oq emas, qora emas" monikeridan foydalanadilar. endi yetarli ". Xuddi shunday, Xoysan xalqi ham, qora bantu xalqlari kelishidan ancha oldin Janubiy Afrikada o'rnashib olganiga qaramay, aparteiddan keyingi ijobiy harakatlar siyosatidan chetda qolib, Bantu hukmronlik qilgan hukumatga nisbatan ma'lum darajada norozilikni keltirib chiqardi.

Odamlar

Zamonaviy Janubiy Afrikaliklar juda xilma-xil bo'lib, ko'plab etnik guruhlar aholi sonini tashkil qiladi. Shunga qaramay, Xosadan tashqari, Venda, Shangane, Soto va boshqalar qatori Zulular eng katta guruhni tashkil qiladi, ularning umumiy soni taxminan 20% ni tashkil qiladi. Shuningdek, oq tanli Janubiy Afrikaliklar orasida ikkita asosiy etnik guruh mavjud; Gollandiyalik ko'chmanchilardan kelib chiqqan va oq tanlilar jamoasini tashkil etuvchi afrikaliklar va Buyuk Britaniyaning Janubiy Afrikaliklari. Ushbu erish qozonga afrikaliklar, osiyolik va evropalik nasl-nasablar, shu jumladan mozambiklar, zimbabveliklar, malaviyaliklar, yaqin Sharq, hindular, malayzlar, xitoylar, portugallar, yunonlar, inglizlar, italiyaliklar va ko'plab aralash xalqlar kiradi. haqiqiy kamalak xalqiga hissa qo'shish. Qadimgi "Xoyxoy" va "San" xalqlarining Janubiy Afrikada mavjudligi va yashashi, ularning madaniyati, tili va urf-odatlari, 10 000 yildan ziyod vaqt davomida o'zgarmagan hayot tarziga darcha beradi. Umuman olganda, uning aholisining aksariyati kelib chiqishi, rangi yoki e'tiqodidan qat'i nazar, do'stona, foydali va tashrif buyuruvchilarga nisbatan bir oz qiziquvchan, odob-axloq va hurmat esa yoqimli munosabatda bo'lish uchun uzoq yo'lni bosib o'tadi.

Pensiya manzili

Maxsus ostida Janubiy Afrika immigratsiya qoidalari vaqtincha yashash uchun ruxsatnoma bir necha yildan so'ng a ga ko'tarilishi mumkin bo'lgan tizim doimiy yashash holatiyoshi kattaroq yoki nafaqaga chiqqan, sog'lig'i yaxshi bo'lmagan, qonuniy ravishda olingan barqaror daromad yoki pensiyaning ma'lum bir darajasiga ega bo'lgan va toza sudlanganligi to'g'risidagi guvohnomaga ega bo'lgan chet elliklarga o'zlarining pensiyalarida yashashlari va yashash joylarini sotib olishlariga imkon beradi. Bunday imkoniyat juda kosmopolit va shu bilan birga, afrikalik urf-odatlarni jonli ravishda saqlab, hayotning ancha past narxlari bilan har ikki dunyoning eng yaxshisini taklif qiladigan mamlakatda quyoshli yumshoq ob-havo izlayotgan shimoliy evropaliklar uchun jozibali bo'lishi mumkin. ishlab chiqarilgan mamlakatning bir xil vaqt zonasida bo'lganida foydali valyuta kurslari. Bunday ruxsat egalariga barcha Janubiy Afrikalik fuqarolar kabi qonuniy nuqtai nazardan qarashadi, shuning uchun millatni tartibga soluvchi barcha qonunlar va qoidalarga bo'ysunadi.

Joy nomlari

Aparteid tugaganidan keyin Janubiy Afrikadagi ko'plab mintaqalar, shaharlar, ko'chalar va binolarning nomlari o'zgartirilgan va ularning ba'zilari bugungi kunda ham o'zgartirilmoqda. Ushbu o'zgarishlar ba'zida chalkashliklarga olib kelishi mumkin, chunki ko'plab yangi nomlar hali ham yaxshi ma'lum emas. Ushbu sayohat qo'llanmasida rasmiy yangi nomlardan foydalaniladi, shuningdek iloji boricha avvalgi ismlar zikr qilinadi.

Iqlim

Janubiy Afrikadagi iqlim mamlakatning shimoliy g'arbiy qismidagi cho'l va yarim cho'ldan sharqiy qirg'oq bo'yidagi subtropikgacha. Mamlakatning aksariyat qismi uchun yomg'irli mavsum yozda, faqat bundan mustasno G'arbiy Keyp qishda yomg'ir yog'adigan joy. Yomg'ir Sharqiy Keyp yil davomida teng ravishda taqsimlanadi. Qishki harorat nol atrofida o'zgarib turadi, yoz juda issiq, ba'zi joylarda 35 ° C dan oshishi mumkin.

The Janubiy Afrika ob-havo xizmati dolzarb ob-havo ma'lumotlari, prognozlar va radar tasvirini taqdim etadi.

Sport

Futbol, ​​kriket, regbi ittifoqi va yengil atletika eng ko'p qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan va ishtirok etadigan milliy sport turlari hisoblanadi. Janubiy Afrikada suzish, velosipedda o'ynash va tennis vaqti-vaqti bilan ba'zi bir jahon darajasidagi sportchilarni etishtirib beradi. 2010 yilda Janubiy Afrikada Afrika qit'asida bo'lib o'tgan futbol bo'yicha birinchi Jahon chempionati bo'lib o'tdi. 1995 yilda Janubiy Afrika ham mezbon bo'lgan Regbi ittifoqi Jahon kubogi, ushbu musobaqaning Afrikada o'tkaziladigan yagona nashri.

Davlat bayramlari

Janubiy Afrikadagi davlat ta'tillari:

• Yangi yil kuni (1 yanvar)
• Inson huquqlari kuni (21 mart)
• Fisih dam olish kunlari Mart yoki aprel oylarida "Yaxshi juma", "Muqaddas shanba", "Pasxa yakshanbasi" va "Fisih dushanbasi" dan iborat 4 kunlik uzoq dam olish kunlari G'arb nasroniylarining an'analariga ko'ra belgilanadi.
• Ozodlik kuni (27 aprel)
• Ishchilar kuni (1 may)
• Yoshlar kuni (16 iyun)
• Ayollar kuni (9 avgust)
• Meros kuni (24 sentyabr)
• Yarashuv kuni (16 dekabr) - qarang Qon tashuvchisi.
• Rojdestvo kuni (25 dekabr)
• Yaxshi niyat kuni (26 dekabr)

Agar davlat ta'tili yakshanba kuniga to'g'ri kelsa, keyingi dushanba dam olish kuni bo'ladi

Maktab ta'tillari dekabrning boshidan yanvar oyining o'rtalariga qadar, aprel oyining boshlarida, iyun oyining o'rtalaridan iyul oyining o'rtalariga qadar va sentyabr oyining oxirlarida sodir bo'ladi. Ushbu vaqtlarda Janubiy Afrikaliklarning aksariyati ta'tilga chiqishadi va turar joy topish qiyinroq bo'ladi.

Turizm idoralari

Janubiy Afrika turizm boshqa mamlakatlarda bir qator vakolatxonalarini faoliyat ko'rsatmoqda. Qo'shimcha ma'lumot yoki yordam uchun o'zingizning mamlakatingizdagi ofis bilan bog'lanishni xohlashingiz mumkin

• Angola, Travessa Rodrigo de Miranda, R / C N33, Luanda, ☏ 244 222 320261, faks: 244 222 320253. 
• Avstraliya, Sidney, York ko'chasi, 117-daraja, 3-daraja, ☏ 61 2 9261-5000, faks: 61 2 9261-2000, ✉[email protected]. 
• Xitoy, 6 Gong Ti Shimoliy Yo'l, 2606-uy, Pekin, ☏ 86 10 8523-6881, faks: 86 10 8523-6897, ✉[email protected]. 
• Frantsiya, 61 Rue La Boetie, Parij, ☏ 33 1 45610197, faks: 33 1 45610196, ✉[email protected]. 
• Germaniya, Fridensstrasse 6-10, Frankfurt, ☏ 49 69 929-1290, faks: 49 69 28-0950, ✉[email protected]. 
• Hindiston, Mumbay, TGC moliya markazi, zamin qavat, №3 birlik, ☏ 91 22 6158 5100, faks: 91 22 6158 6101, ✉[email protected]. 
• Italiya, XX Settembre 24 orqali, 3F, Milano, ☏ 39 2 4391-1765, faks: 39 02 4391-1158, ✉[email protected]. 
• Yaponiya, Akasaka Lions Bldg, 1-1-2 Moto Akasaka, Minato-Ku, Tokio, ☏ 81 33 478-7601, faks: 81 33 478-7605, ✉[email protected]. 
• Gollandiya, Jozef Israëlskade 48 A, Amsterdam, ☏ 31 20 471-3181, faks: 31 20 662-9761, ✉[email protected]. 
• Birlashgan Qirollik, Yo'q, 1 va 2 Castle Lane, 2-qavat, London, ☏ 44 20 8971-9350, faks: 44 20 8944-6705, ✉[email protected]. 
• Qo'shma Shtatlar, 500 Fifth Ave, Ste 2200, Nyu-York, ☏ 1 212 730-2929, faks: 1 212 764-1980, ✉[email protected]. 

Chiqinglar

Kirish talablari

Quyidagi mamlakatlar / hududlarning chet el fuqarolari Janubiy Afrikaga kirishlari mumkin vizasiz:

• To qadar 90 kun: Andorra, Argentina, Avstraliya, Avstriya, Belgiya, Botsvana, Braziliya, Kanada, Chili, Chex Respublikasi, Daniya, Ekvador, Esvatini, Finlyandiya, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Islandiya, Irlandiya, Isroil, Italiya, Yamayka, Yaponiya, Lixtenshteyn, Lyuksemburg, Maltada, Monako, Mozambik, Namibiya, Gollandiya, Norvegiya, Panama, Paragvay, Portugaliya, Rossiya, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinalar, San-Marino, Singapur, Ispaniya, Shvetsiya, Shveytsariya, Tanzaniya (1 yilda maksimal 90 kun), Trinidad va Tobago, Birlashgan Qirollik, Qo'shma Shtatlar, Urugvay, Venesuela, Zambiya (1 yilda maksimal 90 kun) va Zimbabve
• To qadar 30 kun: Angola, Antigua va Barbuda, Bagama orollari, Barbados, Beliz, Benin, Boliviya, Kabo-Verde, Kosta-Rika, Kipr, Gabon, Gayana, Gonkong, Vengriya, Iordaniya, Lesoto, Makao, Malavi, Malayziya, Maldiv orollari, Mavrikiy, Peru, Polsha, Seyshel orollari, Janubiy Koreya, Tailand va kurka

Agar sizdan viza talab qilinsa, vizasiz kelmang, chunki ular kirish joylarida berilmaydi. Agar kerak bo'lsa, vizangizni Janubiy Afrikada uzaytira olasiz. Uzaytirilishi bilan siz qolish uchun umumiy vaqt 6 oyni tashkil etadi. Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar va Visa uchun ariza shakllarini quyidagi manzilda topish mumkin Ichki ishlar vazirligi, ph 27 012 810 8911.

2018 yil boshidan boshlab Ichki ishlar vazirligi viza arizalarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ko'rib chiqmaydi. Ushbu vazifa VFS.Global-ga ko'chirildi, faqatgina immigratsiya xizmatlari, viza olish va ko'rib chiqish bilan shug'ullanadigan alohida idora. Veb-qidiruvda VFS ko'rsatiladi. Global portal mamlakat bo'ylab ikkala ofis manzillari va mavjud bo'lgan onlayn xizmatlarga tegishli barcha ma'lumotlarni aks ettiradi (http://vfsglobal.com/dha/southafrica). Johannesburg, Sandton ofisi Rivonia bulvarida, ShopRite Checkers Supermarketining yonida joylashgan. Vizalar va vizalarni uzaytirish uchun iloji boricha erta murojaat qilishingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Byurokratiyadan qochish bilan vizangizni "uzaytirish" usuli - Mozambik orqali Janubiy Afrikadan chiqib ketish va unga kirish. Ommabop e'tiqoddan farqli o'laroq, Janubiy Afrikadan Lesoto, Esvatini, Namibiya, Zimbabve va Botsvana davlatlaridan chiqib ketish va qaytishda 30 kunlik vizani "qayta tiklash" mumkin emas. Siz .. qilasiz emas yangi viza oling. Masalan, 30 kunlik vizangiz bo'lganida va Janubiy Afrikadan chiqib, 5 kun amal qilganidan keyin Lesoto yoki Esvatiniga kirganingizda, keyin 5 kundan keyin Janubiy Afrikaga qaytganingizda, sizga asl nusxaning qolgan 20 kunida qolishingizga ruxsat beriladi. Janubiy Afrika uchun viza va unga "yangi" 30 kunlik viza berilmaydi. Ammo, agar siz Evropaga qaytib boradigan bo'lsangiz yoki Mozambikka boradigan bo'lsangiz, keyin yana Janubiy Afrikaga kirsangiz, sizga yangi 30 kunlik viza beriladi.

Sizda ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling 2 bo'sh sahifa orqangizga pasportingizda va u sizning belgilangan belgilangan sanadan keyin kamida 30 kun davomida amal qiladi, aks holda siz qaytarib yuborilasiz! Qaytish chiptasi mavjudligiga ishonch hosil qiling, aks holda ular sizni qaytarib yuborishadi. Agar sizga aeroportda chiptani olish kerak bo'lsa, parvoz raqami va tafsilotlari qulay bo'lishi va bojxona xodimi bilan gaplashishi kerak, ular sizning hikoyangizni tekshirib, sizni ichkariga kiritishi kerak (qat'iy bo'ling). Buzilgan pasport bilan kelishdan ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki yangi xavfsizlik choralari sizning kirishingizni kuchaytirishi mumkin.

Bolalar bilan

Janubiy Afrikada bolalar savdosiga qarshi kurashish uchun bolalar bilan mamlakatga kirish va chiqish haqida dunyodagi eng qat'iy qonunlar mavjud. Ikkala biologik ota-onasi bilan sayohat qilayotgan bola (18 yoshga to'lmagan har bir kishi) ikkita ota-onani ko'rsatadigan to'liq ro'yxatdan o'tmagan tug'ilganlik to'g'risidagi guvohnomani olib kelishlari shart. "Tug'ilganlik to'g'risidagi guvohnoma" yoki boshqa har qanday muhim qog'oz, masalan, nikoh to'g'risidagi guvohnoma - bu sizning kelib chiqadigan mamlakatingizdagi Janubiy Afrika elchixonasida / konsullik xizmatlarida amalga oshirilgan, haqiqiy kelib chiqishi va haqiqiyligini ta'minlash uchun rasmiy sertifikatdir. Chet elda ishlatilishi kerak bo'lgan asl hujjatlarning skaner qilingan nusxalari SA konsullik xizmatlarida tasdiqlanishi kerak. Haqiqiylikni tasdiqlash har bir mamlakatdan rasmiy hujjatlar turlari va byurokratik jarayonlarning farqlari tufayli talab qilinadi. If either of the parents are not with the child, you must have a notarised copy of parent ID and parental consent affidavit from that parent (best done before hand with both parents present at the SA consular services in the country of departure). Airlines will check for these documents before you board, as upon arrival in SA, border control will deport the child back to country of origin.

Document safeguard

Within South Africa, if you plan to spend time traveling around extensively, like touring with a vehicle, you can use copies of documents to safeguard originals. Such copies of important papers like passports, ID cards and drivers licences, need to and can be authenticated for free at any Police Station. Just bring the original and the copies and ask the agents on duty to help you. In case of passports, the relevant pages showing the visa and entry stamps need to be also copied and placed together with the personal details page. Please note these authenticated copies are only recognized within the national borders.

Samolyotda

South Africa is a major hub for air travel in the Southern African mintaqa. The country's flag carrier, South African Airways (SAA), has an extensive global and pan-African network of connections, some of which are operated by its short-haul subsidiaries SA Airlink va SA Express.

South Africa has 10 international airports. The primary intercontinental hub is the O.R. Tambo xalqaro aeroporti yilda Yoxannesburg; the secondary one is Cape Town International. They serve as gateways for tourists and foreign visitors, and hubs for travel within South Africa and Southern Africa in general.O.R. Tambo International Airport, has a convenient but rather costly (R175 for single trip to Sandton (incl. cost of reusable card)) commuter rail link system known as " Gautrain ", connecting the airport to Sandton, Johannesburg and Pretoria. Depending on final destination, two or more people traveling together maybe better off using a taxi or shuttle service but enquire at airport info desk or check the web about all options available.

Direct flights arrive from major Evropa centres, including: Amsterdam, Afina, Madrid, London, Parij, Istanbul, Frankfurt, Myunxen, Tsyurix va Lissabon. There are also direct flights from Abu-Dabi, Dubay, Doha, Nyu York, Atlanta, Vashington, Kolumbiya, Buenos-Ayres, Mumbay, Gonkong, Kuala Lumpur, San-Paulu, Singapur, Sidney, Tel-Aviv va Pert. You may also want to have a look at Discount airlines in Africa.

All the larger airports in South Africa used to be state-owned, but have been privatised and are now managed by the Airports Company of South Africa. Durban International Airport is the third biggest airport. Regular Flights from and to: Blantyre, Qohira, Gaborone, Dar es Salom, Xarare, Lilongwe, Livingstone, Luanda, Lusaka, Kinshasa, Maputo, Manzini, Maun, Mavrikiy, Nayrobi, Victoria Falls va Vindxuk.

Baggage theft at airports is common especially at O.R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg so avoid putting valuables such as jewelry and expensive devices in your main luggage if you can and place them in your hand luggage. Since these thieves have only a window of a few seconds to steal, you can make it harder for them by using plastic quick-tie straps in all zippers, even if there are metal locks already and having both fabric or solid case luggage, wrapt up in many layers of cling plastic membrane. The cling wrap can be done at the airport for R80 per item or you can buy a large roll of the stuff in any supermarket and DIY for a fraction of the cost.

A real adventure is flying with an old classic airliner. There are some tour operators offering such flights, mainly in the Gauteng mintaqa. One example is Rovos Air, a division of Rovos Rail.

Some popular services include:

• Keyptaun ga Gaborone - SA Express on Mondays and Fridays
• Keyptaun ga Maun - Direct on Monday and Friday
• Keyptaun ga Mavrikiy - Thursday and Saturday on Air Mauritius
• Keyptaun ga Valvis ko'rfazi - Sunday to Friday on SA Express
• Keyptaun ga Vindxuk - Daily on SA Airlink and Air Namibia
• Dar es Salom ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on SAA and Air Tanzania
• Eswatini ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on SA Airlink
• Yoxannesburg ga Dar es Salom - Daily on SAA and Air Tanzania
• Yoxannesburg ga Eswatini - Daily on SA Airlink
• Yoxannesburg ga Gaborone - Daily flights on SA Express
• Yoxannesburg ga Kilimanjaro - Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday on Air Tanzania
• Yoxannesburg ga Lusaka - Daily on SAA
• Yoxannesburg ga Maputo - Daily flights on either SAA or Mozambique airlines.
• Yoxannesburg ga Mavrikiy - Daily on either SAA or Air Mautirius
• Yoxannesburg ga Maun - Daily flights
• Yoxannesburg ga Maseru - Daily flights on SAA Airlink
• Yoxannesburg ga Nayrobi - Daily on either SAA or Kenya Airways
• Yoxannesburg ga Seyshel orollari - Tuesday and Saturday on Air Seychelles
• Yoxannesburg ga Victoria Falls - Daily on SAA and BA
• Yoxannesburg ga Valvis ko'rfazi - Sunday to Friday on SA Express
• Yoxannesburg ga Vindxuk - Daily on SAA, BA, Comair, and Air Namibia
• Yoxannesburg ga Zanzibar - Tuesday and Sunday on SAA. Daily connecting flight via Dar es Salom.
• Gaborone ga Keyptaun - SA Express on Mondays and Fridays
• Gaborone ga Yoxannesburg - Daily flights on SA Express
• Kilimanjaro ga Yoxannesburg - Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday on Air Tanzania
• Lusaka ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on SAA
• Maputo ga Yoxannesburg - Daily flights on either SAA or Mozambique airlines.
• Maseru ga Yoxannesburg - Daily flights on SAA Airlink
• Maun ga Keyptaun - Direct on Thursday and Sunday
• Maun ga Yoxannesburg - Daily flights
• Mavrikiy ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on either SAA or Air Mautirius
• Mavrikiy ga Keyptaun - Thursday and Saturday on Air Mauritius
• Nayrobi ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on either SAA or Kenya Airways
• Seyshel orollari ga Yoxannesburg - Tuesday and Sunday on Air Seychelles
• Victoria Falls ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on SAA and BA
• Valvis ko'rfazi ga Yoxannesburg - Sunday to Friday on SA Express
• Valvis ko'rfazi ga Keyptaun - Sunday to Friday on SA Express
• Vindxuk ga Yoxannesburg - Daily on SAA, BA, Comair, and Air Namibia
• Vindxuk ga Keyptaun - Daily on SA Airlink and Air Namibia
• Zanzibar ga Yoxannesburg - Tuesday and Sunday on SAA. Daily connecting flight via Dar es Salom.

Mashinada

Should you be entering from one of the other countries in Southern Africa you might want to do so by car. South Africa operates a number of land border posts between itself and immediately neighboring countries. The more commonly used ones are:

Botsvana chegara

• Skilpadsnek (On the N4, 54 km/34 mi from Zeerust), ☏ 27 18 366-1469. 6 AM-10PM. 

Lesoto chegara

• Maseru Bridge (15 km/9 mi from Ladybrand on the N8 towards Maseru), ☏ 27 51 924-4004. 24 soat ochiq. 
• Ficksburg Bridge (Just outside Ficksburg), ☏ 27 51 933-2760. 24 soat ochiq. 
• Sani Pass (In the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg park), ☏ 27 51 430-3664. 8AM-4PM. 

Mozambik chegara

• Lebombo (On the N4 btwn Mbombela and Maputo), ☏ 27 13 790-7203. 6AM to 10PM. 
• Kosi Bay (R22 btwn Hluhluwe and Ponta do Ouro), ☏ 27 35 592-0251. 8AM-4PM. 

Namibiya chegara

• Nakop (132 km/82 mi from Upington on the N10 towards Ariamsvlei), ☏ 27 54 571-0008. 24 soat ochiq. 
• Vioolsdrift (On the N7 N of Springbok), ☏ 27 27 761-8760. 24 soat ochiq. 

Eswatini chegara

• Oshoek (120 km/75 mi from Ermelo on the N17 towards Mbabane), ☏ 27 17 882-0138. 7 AM-10PM. 

Zimbabve chegara

• Beit Bridge (On N1 approximately 16 km (10 mi) N of Messina), ☏ 27 15 530-0070. 24 soat ochiq. 

Open times are often extended during South African holidays..For a full list of entry ports or any additional information see the South African Border Information Service^{[o'lik havola]} or contact them on 27 086 026-7337.

Qayiqda

Most of the larger cruise lines, such as Malika kruizlari offer Keyptaun as one of their destinations, but you can also try something different

Atrofga boring

Shuningdek qarang: Disabled travel in South Africa

Samolyotda

South Africa has a well-established domestic air travel infrastructure with links between all major centres. There are multiple daily flights to all the major airports within the country. Contact any of the airlines for details. The low cost airlines (Kulula, Mango) are usually the cheapest and prices can be compared online. It is also worth comparing with the SAA rates as they usually have online specials which can be cheaper than the "low cost" carriers in some cases.

Mashinada

Shuningdek qarang: Driving in South Africa

Driving can be a practical way for getting around in South Africa, for instance national parks are some of the country's foremost attractions but they are rarely served by public transport. Visitors hiring or buying a car is fairly common.

Major roads are in general in good condition, though South Africa still has a high rate of road accidents. Traffic rules including speed limits are not always respected, and in the countryside animals (wild and domestic) next to or on the road are not an uncommon sight.

Avtobusda

There are scheduled bus services between Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban and other cities (with stops in between), as well as connections to neighboring countries. The main bus companies are:

• Tovuz, ☏ 27 83 915-9000. 
• Intercape Mainliner, ☏ 27 21 380-4400. 
• Translux, ☏ 27 86 158-9282. 
• SA Roadlink, ☏ 27 11 333-2223. 

Booking for the above can also be done via Kompyuter chiptasi .

Smaller services include City Bug va Lowveld Link.

An alternative is the Baz avtobus . It offers a regular hop-on-hop-off service on some of the most interesting routes for the tourist (Cape Town to Durban via the Garden Route;Durban to Johannesburg via the Drakensberg). Baz Bus picks you up and drops you off at many hostels along the route, so you don't have to hang around at a downtown bus stop at night.

If you're really in a pinch, you can use minibus Taksilar. They are poorly maintained and rarely comply with safety standards. They also require patience as they make many detours and changeovers at the taxi rank (hub) where the driver will wait for passengers to fill up the bus. But they cover many routes not covered by the main bus service and are quite cheap (25 cents per kilometre per person on the main routes).

Warning: Many buses are removed from service by the police, due to lack of legal road-worthiness. Seek up-to-date advice on which companies are more reputable. Occasionally, the driving can be rather wild, and if you're prone to motion sickness, be prepared.

Poyezdda

The Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) is the national rail operator. There are budget passenger services between major South African cities (known as Shosholoza Meyl) and luxury services (known as Premier Classe) between Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban.

Central Reservations (for both Shosholoza Meyl and Premier Classe) can be contacted as follows:

• From within South Africa, phone 086 000 8888 (share-call)
• From outside South Africa, phone 27 11 774 4555
• By using the 0027 prefix instead of 27 calls may cost less, the same applies calling SA from outside.
• Email [email protected] yoki [email protected]

To book tickets, phone Central Reservations on one of the numbers given above and make your booking. You can pick up and pay for the tickets later at any train station.

There are also commuter trains in larger cities (Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Gqeberha/Port Elizabeth and Sharqiy London); these are run by MetroRail . Most services are perfectly safe, but certain routes are overcrowded and not always safe.

O'rta masofa

• Shongololo Express, ☏ 27 11 781-4616, ✉[email protected]. Rail safaris across South Africa 

Splurge

• Blue Train, ☏ 27 12 334-8459, ✉[email protected]. This world famous luxury train operates between Pretoria and Cape Town, with a stopover in Kimberli. They advertise as a "five-star hotel on wheels" and charge accordingly: prices boshlang from R15,500 one-way per person in low-season "Deluxe" twin-sharing. You can pay as much as R34,925 (high-season "Luxury" single) (2017 prices) The trip takes 27 hours, and your fares includes a private suite with attached bathroom, and all meals and drinks (except champagne and caviar). (yangilangan yanvar 2017)
• Rovos Rail, ☏ 27 12 315-8242. Offers luxury rail travel throughout Southern Africa. Destinations include Cape Town, Pretoria, Durban, Jorj, Svakopmund in Namibia, Vic Falls in Zimbabwe and Dar es Salom yilda Tanzaniya. 

Taksida

Ride-hailing is available in South Africa and the following are the most anticipated providers:

• Bolt. Ko'plab shaharlarni o'z ichiga oladi. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)
• Uber. Works in Johannesburg and Pretoria. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)

Bosh barmog'i bilan

Avtostop in South Africa is not so hard, but most people will think you are catching a ride with the local taxis and thus expect you to pay. You may want to tell them you are looking for a free ride before climbing aboard. The main issue is jinoyat: some drivers may hijack you and your belongings. Hitchhiking is generally frowned upon and considered unsafe. Drivers are also wary of potentially criminal hitchhikers. Never hitchhike at night. It is unwise to be outside at night, if you are in an area considered unsafe. Remember, most middle-class homes are protected with walls and armed guards; they have this for a reason.

Velosipedda

Cycling is probably the best way to experience the country, as you really get to admire the views and get the opportunity to mingle with the locals. It could be considered unsafe to cycle through the cities because of crime and reckless drivers. However, Cape Town is somewhat bicycle friendly with several bike lanes. There are many farm/dirt roads throughout South Africa. Locals and Farmers are generally willing to provide you with food and a place to sleep, as long as you are willing to talk.

Gapir

South Africa has 11 official languages, namely Afrikaans, Southern Ndebele, Xosa, Zulu, Swazi, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda va ingliz. Afrikaans is the mother tongue of the majority of the white and coloured population. Often Afrikaans is incorrectly called 'Afrikan' or 'African' by foreigners. This is very incorrect as 'African' for a South African corresponds with the native-African languages: Zulu, Xosa, Pedi, etc. (and, of course, there are thousands of languages in Africa so no single language can be called 'African') Afrikaans has roots in 17th century Dutch dialects, so it can be understood by Dutch speakers and sometimes deciphered by German speakers. Other widely spoken languages are Zulu (mainly in KwaZulu-Natal - South Africa's largest single linguistic group) and Xosa (mainly in the G'arbiy Keyp va Sharqiy Keyp), Sotho and Venda. This changes, according to the region you are in.

Ingliz tili bo'ladi lingua franca and spoken as a second language by most urban South Africans, but as a first language only by a minority of the white community. However, English proficiency can be limited in some rural black communities. South African English primarily follows British spelling and vocabulary choices, but is also heavily influenced by Afrikaans and, to a lesser extent, other South African languages.

A few words you may encounter are:

• eish - as in, "eish, it's hot today", "eish, that's expensive" or "eish, that's too far to drive"
• lekker - nice, enjoyable
• howzit - how is it? (generally a rhetorical question)
• yebo - yes
• boet, bru, chin yoki ou - brother or man (equivalent to dude yoki bro)
• koppie - a small hill (can also mean a cup)
• Madiba - Nelson Mandela
• Molo - Hello (in Xhosa)
• robot - traffic light
• tannie - (auntie) respectful term for an older woman
• oom - (uncle) respectful term for an older man
• tinkle - phone call
• just now - sometime soon (from Afrikaans "net-nou")
• now now - sooner than just now! (from Afrikaans "nou-nou", pronounced no-no)
• braai - barbecue.
• cheers - used for saying good-bye, as well as saying thank you and for the occasional toast.
• heita - hello
• sharp - (usually pronounced quickly) OK
• sure-sure more pronounced like sho-sho - Correct, Agreement, Thank you
• ayoba - something cool
• zebra crossing - a crosswalk. named for the white & black stripes that are generally painted on crosswalks.
• bakkie - pick-up truck (from Afrikaans)

Qarang

Hundreds of thousands of visitors come to South Africa every year to see the country's many natural and cultural attractions. From wild elephants to stunning landscapes, cave paintings, colonial heritage and bustling townships, South Africa is an enchanting land of contradictions and great beauty.Some of the best ways visitors can explore South Africa's natural scenic and cultural experiences, apart from private run enterprises, are provided by state-developed entities such as the various Provincial Park Boards and National Nature Reserves. Also available but less known by outsiders are government resorts mainly operated under the Forever Resorts brand for example. There are more than 20 of these resorts nationwide. They provide a mix of activities to be enjoyed by small or large groups of people. Activities such as thermal water spas, leisure, kids activities, hiking, camping, mountain biking and guided game viewing are all catered for. Accommodation available in these resorts is reasonably priced outside school holidays or long weekends and consists of a choice between, 3- or 4-star hotel, bungalows, cottages, thatched rondavels, caravan park and camping grounds, accommodation is priced per unit, therefore, making a six-sleeper bungalow or four sleeper cottage, a very affordable proposition. The resorts provide all amenities within and you are free to go to the restaurants or cater for yourself. Bring in your own supplies, as wine, beer, whisky and soft beverages and food items like meat, butter, cheese, coffee, can be substantially more expensive bought inside than from outside supermarkets.

Wild animals in their natural habitat

South Africa is the most popular safari destination in the world and for many visitors a glance at the "Big Five" and other wildlife is a must. The iconic Kruger milliy bog'i in Mpumalanga is surely the most famous place to have that glance, but Addo fillari milliy bog'i in the Eastern Cape is another popular pick. The vast dry plains of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park with its migratory herds of wildebeast covers parts of both South Africa and Botswana. Along the border with Mozambique another transfrontier park, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, offers very different landscapes and fauna. For scuba divers, South Africa's underwater wildlife has a lot to offer, with the annual sardalya yuguradi being a highlight. The popular seaside town of Hermanus is probably the best place in the world to go kit tomosha qilish, with cage diving opportunities with great white sharks for the truly adventurous.

Areas of natural beauty and botanical interest

South Africa's landscapes are grand and diverse, varying from flat desert scrublands to lush green coastal areas and high peaks. The view from the famous, flat-topped Table mountain is a classic Africa experience. Also in the Cape Town region, the beautiful sohillar attract thousands of sun lovers. The green coastal Bog 'yo'nalishi is a great natural experience, passing countless lagoons, several interesting towns and the beautiful Tsitsikamma milliy bog'i. The Augrabies Falls National Park boasts a 60-m-high water fall. Close to the Kruger Park is God's Window va Blayd daryosi kanoni, the largest green canyon in the world, not far from there are the high peaks of the Drakensberg tog 'tizmasi. The Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park is one of the country's 8 Unesco World Heritage sites for its exceptional natural beauty and the many cave paintings found there. The Namaqualand transformation from a dry monochromatic landscape into a colourful myriad of flowering during spring season, is a sight to behold, but there are many others including areas of the Kalahari desert, where stubborn endemic life forms defy the harsh environment and thrive.

Cultural heritage

Large numbers and some of the oldest hominid fossils have been found in South Africa, especially in the Insoniyat beshigi, another World Heritage Site. Over 30 different caves held important fossils, but the caves of Sterkfontein are perhaps the most important one at the site. Far more recent, the 17th-century Castle of Good Hope in beautiful Keyptaun is one of the cultural heritage sites from colonial times. Robben oroli, where Nelson Mandela was famously imprisoned, has become a major destination. For more insight in the Apartheid times, visit the District Six Museum in Cape Town or the Apartheid museum yilda Yoxannesburg.

Boshqa diqqatga sazovor joylar

• Although regularly criticized, visits to the infamous townships are increasingly popular. Some say such trips turn poverty into entertainment while others think they benefit all those involved. In any case, a township tour is an experience that will stick.
• The Cango Caves near Oudtshorn, is an extensive and complex cave system within the Swartberg Mountains, containing many unique natural limestone formations. Management of the site falls under of the Western Cape Parks Administration and is open to visitors. The shorter "standard tour" is available for everyone and lasts about an hour, however, the "adventure tour" is only open to experienced cavers, as it can last 4 to 6 hours and requires a high degree of physical fitness to belly crawl through tight spots and nooks to reach the various chambers spread over 4 km.
• Soweto, yilda Yoxannesburg, is particularly well known.
• South Africa has gained world-wide fame as a wine country, and if you're interested, a visit to one of the over 800 sharob zavodlari can be a great addition to your trip. Head to the Cape Winelands atrofida Stellenbosch for some of the best picks.
• Rand Airport in Germiston, near Johannesburg, is a regional airport serving mostly private pilots, small air service operators and flying schools. It also houses several well kept and maintained vintage aircraft such as the privately owned World War II "Harvard Squadron" usually quite active on weekends. Helicopter sight seeing and nostalgic air tours, specifically flying on a "Dakota DC3" and a wind in the face "Tiger Moth" biplane, are also available.

Qil

• Hot air ballooning, the "Cradle of Mankind" in Gauteng near Johannesburg, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape offer some spectacular balloon safaris. Booking arrangements can be made through a variety of operators easily found online.
• Sho'ng'in, qarang Janubiy Afrikada sho'ng'in tafsilotlar uchun.
• River rafting: The Orange River on the border to Namibia is a popular destination for rafting tours. Several tour operators launch 4-6 day trips in blow-up boats from Vioolsdrif with camping under the stars.
• Piyoda yurish and mountaneering are very popular in the Highlands of KwaZulu-Natal and in certain areas of the Eastern and Western Cape. Advance bookings may be essential to secure a place as some eco-sensitive places allow only a limited number of people to visit per year.
• Regbi ittifoqi, Kriket and soccer are all popular spectator sports, traditionally associated with Afrikaner, Anglo-South African and black South African culture respectively, although this has changed, and the Springboks (national Rugby union team) has had a lot of black fans at least since the 1995 World Cup, hosted in South Africa, when South Africa won with Nelson Mandela (then president) in attendance wearing a Springbok jersey.
• Temiryo'lchilarning do'stlari are based in Pretoria. This non-profit preservation society looks after steam locomotives and period rolling stock. Steam train outings are organized regularly departing in the morning from their own station in Hermanstad, Pretoria, and arriving in Cullinan for an extended stop over allowing sufficient time for lunch or a picnic before returning to base in the afternoon.
• The Magaliesberg steam train is another vintage steam train trip, operated by South African Railways (Transnet). It departs Johannesburg's main Park Station in the morning once or twice per month, offering a day long scenic tour through the nearby Magaliesberg Mountains. A packed lunch or picnic basket is essential.
• Battle sites: Many well documented Zulu-Indigenous, Boer-Indigenous, Zulu-British and Boer-British war sites are well kept, easy to access and worthwhile a visit. Mostly found in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, The War Museum in Johannesburg can provide maps and literature to help one plan a tour of where to go.
• Self-driving tours: Due to the size of the country and well developed extent of the national road network, a practical and fulfilling way of seeing the country is by driving through. The natural beauty of areas like "Golden Gate", "God's Window", "The Garden Route", "The Wild Coast", "St. Lucia and Cape Vidal", offer the leisurely vacationer unskeptic to mingle with locals or stay in farmsteads, a wide variety of tinkling sensations not experienced any other way.
• Motor racing in Gauteng is a regular calendar event, with Kyalami and Swartkops raceway facilities being among others, the main backdrops for all sorts of top notch national and regional two and four wheel competitions.

Sotib oling

Pul

Exchange rates for South African rand 2021 yil 4-yanvar holatiga ko'ra: US$1 ≈ R14.6 €1 ≈ R18 UK£1 ≈ R20.1 Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com

Valyuta rand, "belgisi bilan belgilanadiR"(ISO kodi: ZAR). It is divided into 100 cents (c). Notes are in denominations of R200, R100, R50, R20 and R10. Higher value notes are slightly larger in physical size than small value notes. All notes have a metallic security strip and a watermark. A new series of banknotes was introduced in 2012, and both the old and the new series are circulating and legal tender.

Coins are in denominations of R5, R2, R1, 50c, 20c, 10c and 5c. Production of 2c and 1c coins was suspended in 2002 although those still in circulation remain legal tender. All transactions are rounded down to the nearest lower 5c, so as not to require the use of 2c and 1c coins. There are two types of R5 coins in circulation: one is a silver-coloured coin while the other is silver-coloured with a copper insert. Both are legal currency.

South Africa is part of the Southern African Common Monetary Area and the rand can be used in Namibia (where it is an official currency along with the Namibian dollar), and in Lesoto va Eswatini (where it is widely accepted, but not an official currency). The currencies of each country are tied to the rand at the rate of 1:1.

Traveller's cheques are a safe way of carrying money around. You can exchange them at all banks (which are found throughout the country even in rural areas) and you will get a refund if they are stolen. The disadvantage is that you cannot pay with them and you will need change when exchanging them into rand. Use ATMs instead if possible.

Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), linked to all major international networks, are available throughout the country and will generally dispense money in a mixture of denominations between R200 and R10, with about 80% of the value requested being high value notes and the rest in smaller denominations. You can use any Cirrus or Maestro card and all major credit and debit cards at the ATMs. South African bank ATMs do not charge any fees above those levied by your own financial institution.

It is best to use only ATMs that are inside a mall or other building. Always be careful to make sure no one is watching you enter your PIN, and be vigilant about scams (e.g. machines that seem to eat your card and won't give it back after you enter the PIN). Do not accept help from strangers when withdrawing money at an ATM. If you are approached and offered unwanted help, cancel the transaction immediately and go to a different ATM.

The till points at some major retail stores (such as Pick 'n Pay) also act as ATMs; simply tell the checkout clerk that you would like to withdraw money. Transaction costs will be less than at ATMs.

Visa and MasterCard are accepted almost everywhere. American Express and Diners Club are also accepted, but not as widely.

Most retail stores accept credit cards and pin based debit cards as payment. South Africa has moved towards a chip-and-PIN credit card system like Europe. Thus, credit card users from countries also on that system (like the United States) will have no problem using their credit cards in South Africa, provided that they have notified their bank in advance of their travel plans.

VAT (Value Added Tax) is levied at 15% on almost all products in South Africa. Government legislated bread (rectangular loaf) and basic food stuff like uncooked meats, fresh milk, raw and unprocessed fruit and vegetables, are all tax exempt. By law, advertised prices should be inclusive of VAT except when explicitly stated otherwise. Foreign passport holders may claim back the VAT only on material products that were bought in South Africa and are being taken out of the country, provided that the total value of the goods exceeds R250, but not for things like accommodation and food costs or car rental. Full details of the procedure to follow are available from the Department of Foreign Affairs and their new TAX Refund for tourists sayt. VAT Refund Administrator's offices are available at both Johannesburg (O.R. Tambo) and Cape Town International Airports. Refunds will be credited to a Travelex Visa card that you will be given, denominated in U.S. dollars or euros, the fees in conversion associated with this card can leave you with up to 10% less than you thought you were getting. The cards can only be used outside of South Africa.

Xarajatlar

Petrol and diesel

Liquid fuel prices in South Africa are regulated and are fixed by region monthly. In general, petrol is cheaper near the ports (Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth). A litre of petrol will cost around R17 (2018).

• Tyre punctures and small vehicle repairs can be done in garages almost anywhere. Private or chain/franchise tyre shops are easily found and charge around R90/120, including puncture repair kit, new air valve and wheel rebalancing. Although prices for things like new radiator hoses or air and oil filters, new batteries, aircon gas refills and so on, may be wise shopping around for better prices, these services are also carried out while you wait.
• Windscreen chipping can often occur both on South African asphalt or dirt roads. Major urban centers have specialists in windscreen repairs able to invisibly and permanently fix small chips and cracks while you wait for about R500. If not found online, any proper garage or windscreen agent will be able to recommend someone near you. If a crack results from someone else's vehicle and you are insured, record the date, time and location, plus the other vehicle's registration plate number, colour and make to give your insurer.

Toll roads

The most expensive toll gate in South Africa is the Swartruggens toll plaza on the N4 between Swartruggens and Zeerust, cost is R71 for a normal car. In total, road tolls between Pretoria and Mbombela or between Johannesburg and Cape Town will cost you just under R100. If travelling from Beitbridge to Cape Town, down the N1, expect to pay as much R270.

Ovqat

• You can buy a McDonald's Big Mac for around R39,90 (2020)
• A sit-in lunch at an average restaurant will cost you about R120 per person (2018).
• A dinner at a restaurant in a fancy or posh area may cost R200 R500 p/person (without drinks).
• A basic 30-cm pizza will cost about R85 (2018), however, known chains offer bulk buy specials.
• Beverages of all kinds in most restaurants tend to be too overpriced. Unlicensed establishments may charge a "corking" fee, ranging from cheap to questionably high.

Xarid qilish

Prices in shops are fixed, but prices in open markets or from street vendors are open to barter.

South Africa may not the best place to find bargains for most goods, for example, most ordinary consumer goods, electronics, and appliances are by and large manufactured in China nowadays, while most luxury goods are manufactured in Europe. In any case, by law, everything has to specify place of origin/manufacture in addition to, in the case of garments, accessories and shoes, the various types of materials used and the respective percentages. Nevertheless, the South Africa garment and shoe industry has begun a new chapter by reviving some dormant factories and in partnership with new brilliant local fashion designers, combining to produce very attractive high quality affordable shoes and clothing items made from nationally sourced top grade raw materials, like leather, wool and mohair, the Young Designers Forum label is an example of this development and Cape Town leads the way, while others can be found on the web. On the electronic goods market, prices needs double checking, a simple GPS navigator for your car will cost about R2000 - more than double the cost in the US or Europe! Nevertheless, in major urban centers like Johannesburg and Cape Town, retail parks with direct to public factory outlets, offer very discounted prices on well known global brands in clothing, sports shoes and equipment, accessories, home entertainment and electronics.

However, South Africa is a superior destination for buying African art, curios, and souvenirs which are far more difficult to obtain outside of Africa. In Johannesburg particularly, the Jewellery Council of SA and Diamond Board of SA certified diamond and coloured gemstone dealers and jewellers make jewellery in gold or platinum, available from reputable manufacturers at much better prices than on high street. Much of these business are concentrated in Jewel City, Main St., Jhb. yoki The Hamlet, Ridge Rd., Parktown, Jhb. All of these business provide the necessary documentation for a full VAT refund when leaving the country.

Tips

Tipping is the norm in restaurants. Indeed, most of these businesses pay their staff the legal minimum-wage, relying on customer tips to bring staff incomes up to live-able levels. Tips of around 10% of the bill are considered the norm but you may refuse to tip if the food and/or service were below par. Please note some restaurants management shares all "official" tips, you may want to rather give an actual cash tip to the waiter involved, instead of adding it to the bill being paid by cr/card.

A small amount, usually around R5 or more, is given to petrol station attendants for additional services, such as cleaning one's windscreen. Toilet cleaners at service stations along major road routes are sometimes tipped when they provide good service and keep the facilities clean. "Car guards", who claim to "look after" one's parked car are often given a small tip if they are in uniform and authorized; however those without uniforms are usually regarded as a nuisance, and tipping them is not compulsory, despite the fact that they often harass motorists looking for payment.

The 10% tipping rule also applies when taking a taxi. As most cabs work with cash only, it's better to ask how much you'll be expected to pay for your journey before getting in. This will ensure that you always have enough to give the driver as a tip.

Lastly, when checking into your hotel, it is customary to tip your porter as well. The generally accepted rule is to give them R5 per bag they handle.

Yemoq

Oshxona

South African cuisine is just as diverse as its cultures, with influences from Inglizlar, Golland, Nemis, Hind, Malaycha, Portugal, Yunoncha, Italyancha and of course the native African influences.

• Braaivleis, meat roasted over an open wood or charcoal fire, is very popular and generally done at weekend social events. The act of roasting the meat as well as the social event is referred to as a braai.
• Pap, a porridge made with corn meal. Slappap (runny porridge), is smooth and often eaten as a breakfast porridge, Stywepap (stiff porridge) has a doughy and more lumpy consistency and is often used as a replacement for rice or other starches. "Krummel" pap also called umphokoqo (crumby porridge) is drier, resembles couscous and is often served at a braai covered in a saucy tomato and onion relish called sous.
• Potjiekos, a meat and vegetable stew made in a cast iron pot over an open fire. A favorite at braais.
• Boerewors, a spicy sausage. Boerewors Rolls are hotdog buns with boerewors rather than hotdogs, traditionally garnished with an onion and tomato relish.
• Biltong and Droëwors, seasoned meat or sausage that has been dried. Beef, game and ostrich meat is often used. A favourite at sports events and while travelling.
• Bunny chows, half a loaf of bread with the inside replaced by lamb or beef curry, a speciality of the Indian community in Durban.
• Bobotie, meatloaf with a Cape Malay influence, seasoned with curry and spices, topped with a savoury custard.
• Morogo, a wild spinach on its own or with potato. Sometimes served with pap.
• Waterblommetjiebredie, mutton and indigenous water lily stew.
• Masonja, for the culinary adventurer, fried Mopanie worms.
• Melktert, "milk tart", a milk-based dessert.
• Koeksisters, a deep-fried sticky dessert.
• Vetkoek, deep fried dough ball made from flour, served with curry mince or apricot jam.
• Umvubo, sour milk mixed with umphokoqo, commonly eaten by the Xhosa people.

Tez tayyorlanadigan ovqat

You will find the usual array of international fast food outlets. McDonald's, KFC, Domino's Pizza va Wimpy are found throughout the country.

Local franchises worth mentioning are Black Steer, Spur va Steers for the best burgers and Nandoning peri-peri chicken. Chicken Licken shuningdek, mahalliy aholi uchun, ayniqsa, ularning issiq qanotlari uchun juda mashhur tanlovdir.

Pitssani etkazib berish aksariyat shahar joylarida mavjud bo'lib, ular orqali oziq-ovqat kabi joylarga Internet orqali buyurtma berish mumkin Domino's Pizza^{[o'lik havola]} va Debonairlar.

Agar siz byudjetga rioya qilishni va ovqat tayyorlash bilan ovora bo'lishni istamasangiz, hamma joyda supermarketlarning barcha tarmoqlarida ovqatlanish va sendvichlarni iste'mol qilishga tayyor turar joylarni taqdim etadigan restoran, nonvoyxona va oshxona bo'limlari mavjud yoki siz o'zingizni issiq bufet yoki salat baridan tanlashingiz mumkin. Ushbu buyumlar og'irligi bo'yicha o'rtacha narxlarda sotiladi.

• Dengiz mahsulotlari kabi franchayzalar Okean savati va Baliq ovlari ovqatlanish yoki olib ketish uchun dengiz maxsulotlariga ixtisoslashgan. Ichkarida, qirg'oqdan uzoqligi sababli, yangi baliq ovqatlar osonlikcha topilmaydi. Biroq, daryolar yaqinida ba'zi muassasalar mintaqaviy mavjud narsalarni taklif qilishadi. Sohil bo'yidagi shaharlar va shaharlarda, vaziyat Keyptaun va Durbanda, ayniqsa, o'zlarining suv qirg'oqlarida ajoyib dengiz mahsulotlari korxonalarini tanlashda yaxshi bo'lganligi sababli teskari tomonga o'zgargan.

Maxsus parhezlar

• Vejetaryen va Vegan tez ovqatlanish va savdo shoxobchalarida yoki restoranlarda o'tirish Janubiy Afrikaning shahar shaharlarida juda mashhur Kauai franchayzing odatda boshqa joylar qatorida xarid qilish markazlarida va CBD-larda mavjud bo'lib, xilma-xilligi, sifati va narxlari bo'yicha etakchi o'rinni egallaydi. Bunday tayyor ovqatlarning arzon narxlardagi yana bir manbasini shunga o'xshash supermarketlar tarmog'ida topish mumkin Meva va sabzavot, Woolworths, Pick & Pay, Spar yoki Shashka, tobora ko'payib borayotgan oddiy restoranlar, shuningdek, bunday parhezlarga xizmat qiladi.
• Kosher va Halol parhez talablari SAda yaxshi ma'lum. Yahudiy va musulmon aholisi oqilona va yuqori konsentratsiyali hududlarda ushbu ehtiyojlar uchun ovqatlanish restoranlari, qandolat va supermarketlarni topish juda oson. Boshqa sohalarda, ularning mavjudligini aniqlash uchun qidiruvni talab qilishi mumkin yoki yahudiy yoki musulmon kishi har doim o'zlarining diniy ibodat joylari yoki tashkilotlari bilan bog'lanib so'roq qilishlari mumkin.

Chekish

Aksariyat restoranlar va hatto pablar "tutunsiz" joy deb e'lon qilingan. Biroq, bu ko'pincha e'tiborga olinmaydi. Ba'zi restoranlarda chekish uchun maxsus chekilgan joyni topasiz, u erda bolalarga ruxsat berilmaydi. Bosh barmoqning qoidasi - stolingizda kuldon borligini tekshirish. Sizni, ehtimol, muassasa eshigi oldida "chekish yoki chekmaslik" bilan kutib olishadi. Belgilanmagan joylarda chekish taqiqlanganligini tekshiring va siz qo'pol harakatlar bilan uchrashasiz.

Ichish

Shahar suvi ichish odatda xavfsizdir. Hartebeespoort to'g'oni kabi ba'zi hududlarda suv ichishdan oldin qaynatish tavsiya etiladi.

Ko'pgina supermarketlarda sutni keng sotish mumkin, ammo Shimoliy Amerikaga qaraganda konsentrat bo'lmagan shisha apelsin sharbatini topish juda qiyin. Aksariyat Janubiy Afrikadagi chakana sotuvchilar faqat boshqa sharbatlar yoki sut bilan aralashtirilgan konsentrat yoki apelsin sharbatidan tiklangan apelsin sharbatini olib yurishadi. Coca-Cola va Pepsi kabi alkogolsiz ichimliklar keng tarqalgan.

Janubiy Afrikada spirtli ichimliklarni sotib olish va ichish uchun qonuniy yosh 18 yoshga to'lgan.

Vitblits yoki Mampoer qishloq xo'jaligi boshqarmasi homiyligida mahalliy distillangan va ishlab chiqaruvchilar litsenziyasini ajratgan. Ularni iste'mol qilish xavfsiz va yoqimli bo'lib, ularning nomlariga o'xshamaydi moonshine yoki o't o'chirish suvi. Alkogol tarkibining sifati Departament tomonidan nazorat qilinadi.

Pivo

Mahalliy pivo ishlab chiqarish ustunlik qiladi SABMiller Castle, Hansa, Black Label va Castle Milk Stout eng mashhur brendlar. Shuningdek, butun Janubiy Afrikada Mikro pivo zavodlari mavjud. Stella Artois va Grolsch yoki Laurentina kabi import qilingan pivolar ham keng tarqalgan. Namibiyaning Windhoek brendining pivolari ham mashhur va odatda mavjud.

Tashkilotga qarab narxlar keng farq qilishi mumkin. 0,5 L pivo uchun R25 to'lashni kuting (2017 yil iyul).

Vino

Janubiy Afrikada vino sanoati yaxshi yo'lga qo'yilgan bo'lib, ishlab chiqarilgan vinolarning aksariyati Cape Winelands-da to'plangan G'arbiy Keyp va Orange daryosi bo'ylab Shimoliy Keyp. Vino mamlakat bo'ylab juda ko'p va narxlar arzon bo'lib qolmoqda, 750 ml lik shisha juda yaxshi qizil rang R100 dan va Chardonnay dan R90dan boshlanadi. Katta sifatli vinolar 5L va 3L kartonlarda ham mavjud. 3L yaxshi qizil R110 va 3L Chardonnay, taxminan R95 turadi. Narxlar qat'iy emas, yaxshi bitimlar uchun xarid qilish foydali bo'ladi.

Likyorlar

Amarula kremi marula mevasidan tayyorlanadi. Marula mevasi afrikalik fillar, bakunlar va maymunlar uchun eng yoqimli taomdir va likyor shaklida, albatta, odamlar o'tib ketadigan narsa emas. Ezilgan muz ustiga tushiring va zavqlaning. Ta'mi, rangi va tuzilishi Baileys Irish Cream-ga juda o'xshash.Cape Velvet Keyptaun va uning atrofida sevimli joy.

Choy va kofe

Mahalliy Rooibos Cederberg tog'laridagi o'tlardan tayyorlangan choy ko'plab janubiy afrikaliklar uchun eng sevimli hisoblanadi, aksariyat savdo markazlarida kofe do'konlarini topasiz. Mugg & Bean va Qahvalar uyi.Stietl Coffee Company va shunga o'xshash Starbucks-ga o'xshash qahvaxonalar Vida e Caffe (Portugalcha tematik), odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda.

Uyqu

Janubiy Afrikadagi muassasalar o'zlariga ega bo'lishi mumkin darajalangan tomonidan Janubiy Afrikaning turizmni baholash kengashi 5 yulduzli asosda. Ko'pgina muassasalar ushbu xizmatdan foydalanadilar va siz aksariyat reklama materiallarida yulduzcha bahosini ko'rasiz. "Xonaga" stavkasi o'rniga "kishi boshiga" narxini taklif qiladigan ko'plab korxonalarni ko'radigan narxlarning mos kelmaydigan tizimidan xabardor bo'lish kerak. Bundan tashqari, har kim ham nonushta kiritilganligini yoki kiritilmaganligini va yo'q bo'lsa, qancha qo'shimcha bo'lishini aniq aytolmaydi, agar siz byudjetga sezgir bo'lsangiz, so'nggi bir necha yil ichida katta yoki kichik shaharlarda bir qancha ochko'z muassasalarda turar joy narxi, Haqiqiy inflyatsiyaga nisbatan samimiylikdan ancha yuqoriga ko'tarilishdi, bu esa to'liq izlanmasdan oldindan yozib qo'yish aqlga sig'maydi. Ba'zi hollarda global brend yoki taqqoslanadigan mehmonxona Evropada yoki Amerikada SA ga qaraganda ancha arzonga tushadi. Buning bahonalaridan biri bu valyuta kursi, shuning uchun xarid qiling. Yana bir anomalie - bu yulduz reytingidagi nomuvofiqlik. Uch yoki to'rt yulduzli mehmon uyi, B&B yoki mehmonxonalar, ehtimol, xuddi shu hududdagi besh yulduzli muassasaga qaraganda yaxshiroq joylashtirilgan, kengroq, yaxshi saqlangan va ishlaydigan, shuning uchun tizimni qo'pol yo'nalish ko'rsatkichiga aylantiradi va muntazam ravishda ishonchli emas standartlar to'plami. Xuddi shu tarzda, masalan, o'yin zaxiralari zonalarida, o'rtacha ultra hashamatli o'yin turar joyidan bir oz arzonroq narx oladigan o'rtacha darajadan biroz yuqoriroq bo'lgan korxonani uchratish odatiy holdir, ammo etti yulduzli hamkasbiga sifati yoki xilma-xilligi bilan taqqoslanadigan hech narsa taklif qilmang, shuning uchun ehtiyot bo'ling . Narxlarni tushunadigan va o'rtacha sayyohlar uchun o'yin parklari tajribasi viloyat bog'lari boshqarmasi yoki Milliy bog'lar kengashi nazorati ostida o'yin lagerlarida yaxshiroq amalga oshiriladi. U erda turar joy, oziq-ovqat va ekskursiya qilingan safarilar uchun narxlar juda mos keladi.

• 1 yulduz - toza, qulay va funktsional.
• 2 yulduz - Yaxshi: Sifatli jihozlar, xizmat ko'rsatish va mehmonlarga xizmat ko'rsatish.
• 3 yulduz - Juda yaxshi: Yaxshi jihozlar, xizmat ko'rsatish va mehmonlarni parvarish qilish.
• 4 yulduz - Superior: Zo'r qulaylik va juda yuqori darajadagi jihozlar, xizmat ko'rsatish va mehmonlarni parvarish qilish.
• 5 yulduz - g'ayrioddiy: eng yaxshi xalqaro standartlarga mos keladigan sifatli va hashamatli turar joy. Kusursuz xizmat va mehmonlarga g'amxo'rlik.

Backpacker lojalari

Backpacking lojalar yoki yotoqxonalar butun mamlakat bo'ylab keng tarqalgan. Aksariyat korxonalar ushbu sohalarda katta ahamiyatga ega ekskursiyalar va tadbirlarni taklif qilishadi. Mamlakat bo'ylab yagona va kichik sayohatchilarga mos keladigan ajoyib transport tarmog'i mavjud. Ba'zi lojalar, ayniqsa, chekka hududlarda ovqatlanishni ta'minlaydi. Ko'pchilik o'z-o'zidan ovqatlanish va umumiy hammomga ega, ammo hammom hammomlari ham keng tarqalgan.

B va B

Yotoq va nonushta korxonalari juda mashhur bo'lib kelmoqda. Turar joy odatda oilaviy (xususiy) uyda beriladi va egasi / menejeri uyda yoki mulkda yashaydi. Odatda nonushta beriladi. Hammom uchun jihozlar hammom bo'lishi mumkin. Umuman olganda, mehmon jamoat joylarini qabul qiluvchi oila bilan bo'lishadi.

O'ziga xizmat ko'rsatish

Uy, kottej, tog 'uyi, bungalov, kvartira, studiya, kvartira, villa, uy qayig'i, chodirlar yoki shu kabi turar-joy binolari va jihozlari mehmonlarning o'zlari uchun ovqatlanishlari bilan ta'minlanadi. (Bu muzlatgich, pechka, pechka va mikroto'lqinli pechni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin.) Imkoniyatlar, bino joylashtirilishi mumkin bo'lgan maksimal miqdordagi fuqarolar uchun etarli bo'lishi kerak.

Mehmonxona

Mehmonlar uyi - bu bir kecha-kunduz mehmonlarni qabul qilish uchun moslashtirilgan konvertatsiya qilingan uy yoki manor, yoki u maqsadli bino bo'lishi mumkin. Mehmon uyi tijorat operatsiyasi sifatida ishlaydi va ko'pincha egalari tomonidan boshqariladi. Mehmonlar uyida mehmonlarning eksklyuziv foydalanishi uchun mo'ljallangan joylar mavjud. Egasi / menejeri yoki sayt tashqarisida yoki mulkning alohida hududida yashaydi.

Lager va karvon

Karvon parklarini ko'plab shaharlarda dam olish joylari sifatida topish mumkin. Aksariyat karvon bog'lari ham taklif qiladi lager siz chodir tikishingiz mumkin bo'lgan saytlar (ikki marta tekshiring, chunki ba'zi vaqtlarda chodirlar bundan mustasno).

Bog'larda odatda markaziy tahorat vositalari mavjud.

Shuningdek qarang Avtomobil uyi orqali va Offroad transport vositasi orqali qo'shimcha lager variantlari uchun bo'limlar.

Timshare

Janubiy Afrikada taymshar dam olish maskanlari ko'p, aksariyati xalqaro almashinuv shartnomalarida qatnashadi, aksariyat taymshayr egalari bundan foydalana olmaydigan vaqtlarini ijaraga olishadi.

Uzoq muddat

Janubiy Afrikadagi ko'plab ko'chmas mulk agentlari ham ijara xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi. Ijaraga olish uchun ko'chmas mulk asosan uzoq muddatli ijaraga beriladi, ammo siz 1 oydan 12 oygacha ijara shartnomalari bilan jihozlangan mulklarni ham topasiz.

Xalqaro ko'chmas mulk agentligining Janubiy Afrikadagi vakolatxonasi ham sizga yordam berishi mumkin.

O'rganing

Janubiy Afrikadan bo'lmagan fuqarolar a o'qishga ruxsatnoma mamlakat ichida o'qish. Siz o'zingizning Janubiy Afrikadagi Oliy Komissiya, Elchixona, Konsullik yoki Savdo Missiyasiga kelib tushgan mamlakatingizda yoki eng yaqin mamlakatda, agar sizning mamlakatingizda Janubiy Afrikada vakolatxona mavjud bo'lmasa, murojaat qilishingiz kerak. Hukumat shakli BI-1738 dastur uchun to'ldirilishi kerak.

A ga erishish uchun sizga biroz tayyorgarlik ko'rish kerak bo'ladi o'qishga ruxsatnoma. Ruxsat berilgunga qadar kamida sizga Janubiy Afrika universiteti tomonidan qabul qilinishi, vatanga qaytarilish kafolati, aviachiptani qaytarishi va Janubiy Afrikada bo'lganingizda yashash xarajatlarini qoplashingiz mumkinligi, shu jumladan tibbiy ehtiyojni qoplash yoki sug'urtalash kerak bo'ladi. SA oilaviy munosabatlari yoki yaxshi ijtimoiy mavqega ega do'sti, bu kabi masalalarni hal qilishni osonlashtiradi. O'qishga ruxsat olish narxi R425 ni tashkil qiladi va arizalarni ko'rib chiqish uchun taxminan 6 hafta vaqt ketadi.

Umumiy yashash xarajatlari uchun oyiga kamida R6000 sarflashni kuting (turar joy, ovqat, sayohat va boshqalar) o'quv to'lovlaridan tashqari.

Janubiy Afrikada ko'plab o'rta va o'rta ta'lim markazlari mavjud. Keyptaun universiteti, 2007 yilgi Times High Education reytingiga ko'ra, dunyodagi 198-o'rinni egallab, Afrikadagi eng yaxshi universitet hisoblanadi. Witwatersrand, Stellenbosch, Pretoria va KwaZulu-Natal universitetlari ham muntazam ravishda Shanxay Jiao Tong Universitetining eng yaxshi 500 reytingida ko'rinadi.

PPL va qayiqni boshqaruvchi: Janubiy Afrika, shuningdek, parvoz, suzib yurish va suvda sho'ng'in kabi yangi ko'nikmalarni o'rganish uchun juda yaxshi joy, chunki xarajatlar odatda rivojlangan mamlakatlarga qaraganda ancha past, o'qitish sifati esa teng yoki yaxshi bo'ladi.

Tijorat sho'ng'in: Janubiy Afrika, g'avvoslarni tijorat mashg'ulotlarida juda mashhur, chunki bu malakalar Xalqaro Diver Recognition Forum tomonidan tan olingan va Labout Departamenti Xalqaro Dengiz Pudratchilari Assotsiatsiyasi (IMCA) a'zosi hisoblanadi. Janubiy Afrikaning Mehnat departamentining I yoki II toifali suvosti sertifikati dunyoning ko'plab boshqa joylarida, shu jumladan Shimoliy dengiz va Nigeriyaning dengizdagi neft konlarida dengizda ishlash uchun qabul qilinadi.

Ish

Janubiy Afrikada ishsizlik darajasi yuqori bo'lganligi sababli chet elliklar uchun ishlash imkoniyati cheklangan.

Fuqaro bo'lmagan fuqarolar, agar ular Janubiy Afrikada ishlashlari mumkin, agar ular a ishlash uchun ruxsatnoma. Kanadadagi talabalar mehnat vizasi orqali murojaat qilishlari mumkin Almashtirish, xarajatlar katta bo'lishiga qaramay, xizmat foydali va yaxshi tashkil etilgan.

Ishga ruxsat olish uchun ariza berish jarayoni o'qish uchun ruxsat olish uchun arizaga o'xshaydi, Janubiy Afrikada vakolatxonasi bo'lmagan taqdirda, kelib chiqqan mamlakatingizda yoki eng yaqin mamlakatda Janubiy Afrikaning Oliy komissiyasi, elchixonasi, konsulligi yoki savdo vakolatxonasi bilan bog'laning. sizning mamlakatingizda mavjud. Ariza uchun B1-159 (A&C) davlat shakli to'ldirilishi kerak. Arizani ko'rib chiqish 8 dan 12 haftagacha davom etadi.

Kam mahorat va ishlash uchun ruxsat kvotalari

Mamlakatda etishmayotgan ba'zi mahoratlar mavjud va Ichki ishlar vazirligi a Kvotada ishlash uchun ruxsatnoma ushbu ko'nikmalarni chet eldan olishga qaratilgan dastur. Har yili talab qilinadigan ko'nikmalar ro'yxati va ularning har biri uchun belgilangan kvotalar e'lon qilinadi. Rasmiy malaka va talab qilinadigan sohalarda ish tajribasiga ega bo'lgan abituriyentlar kvotada ishlash uchun ruxsat olish uchun murojaat qilishlari mumkin. Ushbu ruxsatnoma R1600 atrofida turadi va arizalarni ko'rib chiqish 6 dan 8 haftagacha davom etadi. Agar ariza ma'qullansa, unda 90 kunlik muddat bo'ladi (mamlakatga kirish paytidan boshlab) ruxsatnoma berilgan sohada ish topish. Ishga joylashgandan so'ng, ruxsatnoma bir xil ish sohasida ishlagan vaqtgacha amal qiladi (ish beruvchilarni almashtirishga ruxsat beriladi). Qo'shimcha ma'lumotni, shuningdek, joriy yil uchun ko'nikmalar va kvotalar ro'yxatini quyidagi sahifada topish mumkin Ichki ishlar vazirligi bosh sahifasi.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Shuningdek xavfsizlik to'g'risida ogohlantirishga qarang O.R. Tambo xalqaro aeroporti.

Janubiy Afrikada zilzilalar, tsiklonlar, tornadolar, toshqinlar, terroristik hodisalar yoki yuqumli kasalliklar juda kam (OIVdan tashqari).

Biroq, Janubiy Afrikada eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlar mavjud zo'ravonlik jinoyati dunyodagi stavkalar, hushyor bo'lish va aqlni ishlatib, har yili millionlab odamlar kabi xavfsiz va yoqimli sayohat qilishingiz kerak. Asosiysi, xavfsizlik choralarini bilish va ularga rioya qilishdir: hech qachon tunda kimsasiz joylarda sayr qilmang yoki pul yoki qimmatbaho aksessuarlarga egalik qilishingizni reklama qilmang.

Janubiy Afrikada jinoyatchilik darajasi nisbatan yuqori, ammo tushunchalar chalg'itishi mumkin, chunki statistik ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, jinoiy harakatlarning aksariyati muayyan hududlar atrofida to'planib, mis o'g'irlash, avtoulov o'g'irlash, tovarlarni tashish va tranzitda naqd pul bilan bog'liq ixtisoslashgan jinoiy tashkilotlar tomonidan sodir etilgan. o'g'irlik, uy yoki biznes va omborni buzish, kontrabanda, giyohvand moddalar savdosi, fohishabozlik va boshqalar. Ushbu hududlardan tashqarida odamlarni talon-taroj qilish yoki musodara qilish kabi fursatistik hujumlar juda kam uchraydi, agar odam past hayotiy belgilar bilan aralashmasa yoki urug 'qo'shimchalariga yoki gangsterlarning yashash joylariga kirmasa. Turizmga kelsak, aksariyat elchixonalar va turistik tashkilotlardan qochish uchun ma'lum joylarning ro'yxatlari bo'ladi. Agar siz aylanib yurgan bo'lsangiz, yo'lning yomon harakatlarini sezasiz, ammo bu siz uchun beparvo bo'lishi mumkin, shunchaki uni e'tiborsiz qoldiring va yo'lda g'azablanish hodisasi bo'lmaganligiga ishonch hosil qiling. Boshqa har qanday joyda bo'lgani kabi, odatda, tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun qimmatbaho narsalarni ko'zdan uzoqroq tutish va past darajadagi profilni saqlash tavsiya etiladi. Barcha Janubiy Afrikaliklar umuman olganda yoqimli odamlardir, ammo har qanday jamiyatda bo'lgani kabi, bochkada har doim bir nechta yomon olma aralashgan.

Do'stona begonalarning takliflarini qabul qilmang. Barcha qimmatbaho buyumlaringiz bilan qorin sumkasini kiymang; o'rniga ko'ylagingiz ostiga taqilgan yashirin pul kamarini ko'rib chiqing. Pasportlarni va boshqa qimmatbaho narsalarni xavfsiz yoki boshqa xavfsiz joyda qoldiring. Xorijiy pullarni Randsga almashtirish uchun aksariyat banklar va valyuta ayirboshlash idoralari sizning pasportingizni talab qilsa-da, Janubiy Afrikada asl nusxalari o'rniga tasdiqlangan nusxalarini olib yurish qonuniydir. Hujjatlarni bepul tasdiqlash uchun uning asl nusxasini va nusxalarini Janubiy Afrikaning istalgan politsiya bo'limiga olib boring va navbatchi ofitserdan sizga yordam berishini so'rang. Hujjatlar politsiya muhri qo'yilgan kundan boshlab 90 kun davomida yaxshi bo'ladi. Katta miqdordagi pulni olib yurmang. Kechasi kimsasiz joylarda yurmang. Sayyoh ekanligingizni yashiring: kamerangiz va durbinlaringizni yashiring. O'zingizning avtomobilingizda ketayotganda qimmatbaho buyumlaringizni ko'rinadigan joyda qoldirmang, chunki ba'zida ba'zi bir issiq joy kesishgan joylarda "urish va tortib olish" xurujlari sodir bo'ladi va mashinangiz eshiklarini yopiq holda saqlang va derazalaringiz yarmigacha oching. Adashib qolmaslik yoki xaritaga muhtoj bo'lmaslik uchun qayerga borishni biling: bu alomatlarning oldini oladi.

Agar siz sumkalarni ko'tarib yurgan bo'lsangiz, o'tirganingizda ularni stol yoki stul oyog'i ostiga ilib olishga harakat qiling, chunki bu ularni tortib olishning oldini oladi.

Shaharchalarga tashrif buyurish mumkin, lekin qaerga borishingizni bilmasangiz, buni yolg'iz o'zi qilmang. Ba'zi shaharchalar xavfsiz, boshqalari esa xavfsiz bo'lishi mumkin o'ta xavfli. Tajribali qo'llanma bilan boring. Ba'zi turistik kompaniyalar shaharchalarga mukammal xavfsiz rahbarlik bilan tashrif buyurishadi.

Kechqurun sayr qilish yoki qorong'i tushgandan keyin joylarga piyoda borish juda xavfli bo'lishi mumkin. Bu shunchaki emas Evropada, Shimoliy Amerikada yoki Avstraliyada bo'lgani kabi, u erda ham madaniyatning bir qismi. "Kechqurun chiqish" uchun taksidan (mikroavtobus taksidan emas, balki o'lchangan taksidan) yoki shaxsiy transport vositasidan foydalanish yaxshidir. Xuddi shu narsa avtoulovlarni olib ketish yoki buzilgan avtoulovlarda yordam berish uchun ham qo'llaniladi. Yo'l chetida qiynalayotganga o'xshab ko'rinadigan odamni e'tiborsiz qoldirgan ma'qul, chunki bu firibgarlikning bir qismi bo'lishi mumkin. Politsiya uchastkasini ko'rmaguningizcha va ko'rganlaringiz haqida ularga aytib berguncha davom eting.

Agar siz Janubiy Afrikada haydab ketayotgan bo'lsangiz, politsiyachilar litsenziyangizni tekshirish uchun sizni to'xtatganda va siz ularga chet elda haydovchilik guvohnomasini ko'rsatganingizda, ular sizning "tasodifiy davlat idorasi" dan haydash uchun yozma ruxsat olganmisiz? bizning mamlakatimizmi? ' Agar sizning litsenziyangiz ingliz tilida yozilgan bo'lsa yoki sizda xalqaro haydovchilik guvohnomasi bo'lsa, ular hech narsa qila olmaydi. O'z o'rnida turing va shu haqiqatni aytib bering - odobli, odobli bo'ling va hech qanday pul (pora) to'lamang. Bundan tashqari, ingliz tili bo'lgan har qanday xorijiy haydovchilik guvohnomasi Janubiy Afrikada kirgan kundan boshlab to'qson kun davomida amal qiladi va tegishli pasportni birga taqdim etish kerak bo'lishi mumkin. To'qson kundan keyin chet ellik haydovchilik guvohnomasi yaroqsiz deb topilishi va SA haydovchilik guvohnomasiga o'tkazilishi kerak bo'lishi mumkin, chunki bunday chet elliklarning huquqiy holati vaqtincha yashovchi talablar.

Kechasi haydashda ehtiyot bo'ling. Evropa va Shimoliy Amerikadan farqli o'laroq, Janubiy Afrika yo'llarining katta qismi, ayniqsa qishloq joylarida, kam yoritilgan yoki ko'pincha umuman yoritilmagan. Bunga avtomobil yo'llari kiradi. Yovvoyi tabiat juda ehtiyot bo'ling va odamlar ko'pincha kichik shaharlarda (Pretoriya, Yoxannesburg yoki Keyptaun kabi shaharlarda emas) yo'lning o'rtasida yurishadi. Shuningdek, siz Janubiy Afrikada avtoulovlarni o'g'irlash xavfi tufayli haydashda ehtiyot bo'lishingiz kerak.

Muhim telefon raqamlari

• Milliy turizm va axborot xavfsizligi liniyasi, ☏ 27 83 123 2345 (mobil). Janubiy Afrika turizm kompaniyasi tomonidan boshqariladi 
• Milliy dengiz qutqarish instituti, ☏ 27 21 434-4011, 27 82 380 3800 (Soatdan keyin mobil). Qirg'oq atrofida qutqaruv stantsiyalari va ichki suv havzalari meri bo'lgan ko'ngilli tashkilot 

Ruxsat etilgan chiziqdan

• 107 - favqulodda vaziyat (Keyptaunda, faqat belgilangan yo'nalishlardan)
• 10111 - Politsiya
• 10177 - Tez yordam

Mobil telefondan

• 112- Barcha favqulodda vaziyatlar

Mahalliy tariflar bo'yicha xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlar

• 1-qadam: tering: 087 150 0823 har qanday mobil yoki shahar telefonidan
• 2-qadam: Belgilangan raqamni tering va # tugmasini bosing
  • masalan. 00 44 11 123 4567 #
• Mamlakatlar: AQSh, Buyuk Britaniya (shahar telefoni), Hindiston, Bangladesh, Xitoy, Gonkong va boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlar.
• Qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan: Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, Telkom va Neotel

Yovvoyi tabiat

Sayohatchilarning Janubiy Afrikaga tashrif buyurishining asosiy sabablaridan biri bu ochiq havoda yashash va yovvoyi tabiatning keng doirasini ko'rishdir.

Yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasida haydashda doimo tezlik chegaralarini saqlang va doimo avtomobilingizda bo'ling. O'yin haydovchilarida yoki sayrlarda doimo yo'riqnomangiz ko'rsatmalariga amal qiling.

Fillarga yaqin masofada harakatlanmang. Agar ular sizdan zaryad olsalar, juda tez zaxiralashga tayyor bo'ling. Fillar ko'plab kichik avtoulovlarni aylantirish uchun etarlicha kuchli. Ular ichkarida hayot uchun qichqirayotganingizda, ular kichik avtoulovlarni o'tirib, yo'q qilishlari mumkin (demak, ular barcha shinalar va derazalarni uchirib yuboradi va ramkani tuzatib bo'lmaydigan darajada egiladilar).

Butada yurganingizda paypoq va etik kiyishingizga ishonch hosil qiling; ochiq sandal kiymang. Yaxshi etiklar ilon va hasharot chaqishini to'xtata oladi va infektsiyalarga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan kesmalardan saqlaydi.

Ko'pgina joylarda siz jamoat yo'llarida haydash paytida yovvoyi tabiatga duch kelishingiz mumkin, ayniqsa maymunlar va babunlar keng tarqalgan. Suratga olish uchun transport vositasidan chiqmang yoki hayvonlar bilan o'zaro munosabatda bo'lishga urinmang. Bu yovvoyi hayvonlar va ularning harakatlarini oldindan aytib bo'lmaydi.

Ba'zan siz yovvoyi hayvonlar bilan ochiq joyda uchrashishingiz mumkin (ko'pincha Keyp-Pointda babunlar bilan sodir bo'ladi). O'zingizning masofangizni saqlang va har doim hayvonlar faqat bir tomonda ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling, ikki guruh yoki shaxslar o'rtasida yurmang. Agar siz uni bolasidan ajratib qo'ysangiz, ayol babun juda xafa bo'lishi mumkin.

Daryo yoki ko'lga cho'milishdan oldin har doim mahalliy aholi bilan maslahatlashing, chunki timsoh yoki gippo bo'lishi mumkin. KwaZulu-Natal akula tarmoqlari o'rnatilgan. Agar siz boshqa plyajlardan boshqa joyda suzmoqchi bo'lsangiz, avval mahalliy aholi bilan bog'laning.

Shark to'rlari har yili o'tkaziladigan sardalya paytida ikki kun davomida olib qo'yilishi mumkin (odatda KwaZulu-Natal qirg'og'i bo'ylab may oyining boshidan iyul oyining oxirigacha). Bu haddan tashqari akula va boshqa dengiz hayotidagi halokatlarning oldini olish uchun qilingan. Ushbu vaqt ichida plyajlarda xabarnomalar joylashtirilgan.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Shoshilinch va tibbiy yordam

Janubiy Afrikada bir qator mustaqil favqulodda yordam kompaniyalari mavjud

• Netcare 911, 49 Yangi Rd, Midrand, ☏ 27 11 254-1927. Ba'zi sayohat agentliklari variant sifatida Netcare911 qopqog'ini taklif qilishadi, ammo siz ular bilan Travel Insurance provayderlari orqali ham shug'ullanishingiz mumkin. Mavjud qopqog'ingiz ular bilan bog'liqligini tekshirishga arziydi. 
• Sayohat sug'urtasi, ☏ 27 11 780-3300. Netcare va takliflari bilan shartnoma tuzilgan Janubiy Afrikaga kelgan sayohatchiga keng qamrovli EMS qopqog'i. 
• ER24, Manor 1, Kembrijdagi Manor ofis parki, Witkoppen va Stonehaven burchagi, Polshof, Sandton, ☏084 124 (ichki). Medi-Clinic shifoxonalarini o'z ichiga olgan katta va yaxshi vakili bo'lgan shoshilinch yordam kompaniyasi. 

Kasalxonalar

Mumkin bo'lgan joylarda davlat shifoxonalaridan qochish yaxshidir. Xususiy shifoxonalar jahon standartlariga javob beradi.

Dorixonalar

Savdo markazlarida sayyohlar uchun mo'ljallangan yirik dorixona tarmoqlari (masalan, Sandton Siti, V&A Waterfront) Clicks and Dischem. Checkers singari ba'zi supermarket tarmoqlarida do'konlarda dorixonalar mavjud.

Janubiy Afrika dorixonalari odatda Evropa va Shimoliy Amerikadagi o'zlarining analoglari bilan taqqoslanadi. Biroq, Janubiy Afrika dorixonalarining chakana savdo do'konlarida shimoliy amerikaliklarnikiga qaraganda kichikroq dori-darmonlar va ko'proq ovqatlanish qo'shimchalari mavjud. Janubiy Afrikadagi dorixonalarda ko'plab OTC dori-darmonlari mavjud, ammo agar siz ularni javonda ko'rmasangiz, ularni farmatsevt kirganda peshtaxtada so'rashingiz kerak bo'ladi.

Suv

Shahar musluk suvi odatda butun mamlakat bo'ylab ichish xavfsizdir. G'arbiy Keypdagi tog 'suvi, hatto o'simlik tufayli jigarrang rangga bo'yalgan bo'lsa ham, xavfsizdir. Kuchli xavf bilxarziya mavjud suv uchun mavjud.

Quyosh yonishi

Janubiy Afrikadagi ko'plab tadbirlar ochiq havoda, qarang quyosh yonishi va quyoshdan himoya qilish o'zingizni himoya qilish bo'yicha maslahatlar uchun sayohat mavzusi.

OIV va OITS

Janubiy Afrika eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlardan biriga ega OIV butun dunyo bo'ylab infektsiya darajasi. 48 million aholidan 5,4 million kishi OIV bilan kasallangan.

2 yoshdan katta bo'lgan aholining OIV infektsiyasining darajasi G'arbiy Keypda taxminan 2% dan KwaZulu-Natal (17%) gacha o'zgarib turadi (Qaytish va 15 yoshdan katta bo'lgan Janubiy Afrikaliklarning 18,8% OIV-musbatdir. Taxminlarga ko'ra, 20 yoshdan 40 yoshgacha bo'lgan har to'rtinchi urg'ochi va har beshinchi erkak.

Bezgak

Mamlakatning shimoliy-sharqiy hududlari (shu jumladan Kruger milliy bog'i va Sent-Lusiya va atroflar) bezgakning mavsumiy zonalari bo'lib, taxminan noyabrdan maygacha. Xavfning eng yuqori vaqti martdan maygacha nam mavsumdan keyin. Sayohat qilayotgan yilning vaqtiga qarab tegishli choralar to'g'risida shifokor bilan maslahatlashing. Bezgakka qarshi eng muhim himoya vositalari:

• yordamida DEET asosida chivinlarga qarshi vosita
• teringizni uzun yengli kiyim bilan qoplash, ayniqsa, qorong'i tushish atrofida; va
• uxlash paytida chivinli tarmoqlardan foydalanish.

Tabbard va Tinch uyqu tez-tez ishlatiladigan chivinlarga qarshi vositalar bo'lib, ularni deyarli hamma joyda sotib olish mumkin.

Shuningdek o'qing Bezgak va Chivinlar sayohat mavzulari.

Chekish

Barcha yopiq jamoat joylarida chekish taqiqlangan, ularga aeroportlar, pablar, savdo markazlari va teatrlar kiradi. Biroq, bu katta e'tiborga olinmaydi.

Ko'pgina restoranlarda chekish bo'limlari mavjud, ular shamollatiladigan yopiq joylar yoki tashqi ochiq joylar.

Hurmat

Janubiy afrikaliklar odatda xushmuomala, do'stona va sayyohlarni qabul qilishadi, ochiq havoda biroz baland ovozda suhbatlashish odatiy holdir, chunki janubiy afrikaliklar erkin fikrlaydigan va xushchaqchaq odamlar guruhiga ega va bunday xatti-harakatlar do'stlar va tanishlar orasida yaxshi. Begona odamlar avval xushmuomalalikning umumiy protokollariga rioya qilishlari kerak va agar ular qabul qilingan bo'lsa, "Rimda bo'lganida, rimliklar kabi qiladilar". Chet elliklarni tabassum qilish va ularni tan olish odatiy xatti-harakatlar va engil bosh irg'ash yoki qo'l silkitishi odatiy amaliyotdir. Avtobus bekatlari, supermarketlar, barlar, hukumat binolari, jamoat transporti, yonilg'i quyish shoxobchalari, do'konlar va boshqalar kabi joylarda begona odamlar bilan vaqti-vaqti bilan suhbatlashish ham doimiy ravishda yuz berishi mumkin.

Ommaviy xatti-harakatlar Evropada topishingiz mumkin bo'lgan narsalarga juda o'xshaydi. Agar siz haddan oshib ketmasangiz, jamoat joylarida mehr-muhabbatning heteroseksual ko'rinishi sizni yomon ko'rmaydi. Gomoseksual mehr-oqibat yoqimsiz e'tiborni jalb qilishi mumkin, ammo ular Yoxannesburg (Sandton, Rouzbank va Parkxurst), Keyptaun (Greenpoint, Klifton va De Vaterkant) va Durban kabi geylarga ko'proq mos keladigan va kosmopolit joylarda toqat qilinadi va hurmat qilinadi. Janubiy Afrika - hukumat bir jinsli munosabatlarni tan oladigan va gomoseksual nikoh qonun bilan tan olingan birinchi va yagona Afrika davlati.

Erkaklar, odatda, qattiq qo'l siqish bilan kutib olishadi, ayollar esa qit'aning yonoqlaridan o'pishadi.

Belgilangan sayohlarni jalb qilishdan tashqari, yalang'och quyosh botishi noqonuniy hisoblanadi, garchi ayollar Durban va Umhlanga plyajlari va Keyptaun bo'ylab ayollar uchun quyoshsiz quyosh botishi mumkin. Klifton va Lagerlar ko'rfazi sohillar. Xonimlar uchun tanga bikini yoki erkaklar uchun suzish havzalari (agar kerak bo'lsa, Speedos) va odatdagi suzish kostyumlari odatiy holdir, aks holda sizga ochiq qarash mumkin.

Ovqatlanish odatda inglizcha usulda chap qo'lidagi vilka bilan va tishlarini pastga qaratgan holda amalga oshiriladi. Burgerlar, pitssalar, bunny chows va boshqa har qanday fastfudlar qo'lda iste'mol qilinadi. Odatda, bir qismini o'g'irlash ham qabul qilinadi boerewors dan braai qo'llaringiz bilan. Qaysi madaniy guruh bilan uchrashishingizga qarab, ushbu qoidalar o'zgarishi mumkin. Hindlar tez-tez breyani idishlarini qo'llari bilan iste'mol qiladilar, ingliz kelib chiqishi oq tanli kishi pitssasini pichoq va vilkalar bilan iste'mol qilishni talab qilishi mumkin yoki qora tanli kishi eyishi mumkin papa-stew qoshiq bilan. Moslashuvchan bo'ling, lekin o'z ishingizni qilishdan ham qo'rqmang; agar haqiqatan ham nomaqbul bo'lsa, odamlar xafa bo'lishdan ko'ra, odatda sizga shunday deyishadi.

Janubiy Afrikaliklar o'z mamlakatlari va ular erishgan yutuqlari bilan faxrlanadilar. Garchi ular o'zlari tezda ishora qilsalar ham, mavjud bo'lgan muammolar va kamchiliklar to'g'risida bir-birlariga shikoyat qilsalar ham, buni amalga oshirayotgan har qanday begonadan qattiq himoya qiladilar.

Bir narsani tushunishingiz kerakki, Janubiy Afrika xalqi juda sodda. Agar siz janubiy afrikalikni xafa qiladigan narsa qilsangiz yoki gapirsangiz, ular sizga buni juda sodda qilib aytishadi. Shunday qilib, agar bu sodir bo'lsa, sizni xafa qilmaslik kerak, lekin shunchaki uzr so'rang va boshqa odamlarni xafa qilmaslik uchun ishlarni bajarish uslubingizni o'zgartiring. Yana bir narsani e'tiborga olish kerak bo'lgan narsa, bu jamoat hojatxonasining etishmasligi. qulayliklar, ba'zida siz yo'l bo'yida o'zlarini dam olayotgan erkaklarga duch kelishingiz mumkin. Shunchaki e'tibor bermang.

Musobaqa

Shimoliy Amerika irqiy terminologiyasiga ko'proq o'rganib qolganlar, ularga tanish bo'lgan so'zlar Janubiy Afrikada turli xil ma'noga ega ekanligini, qaysi atamalar odobli yoki yo'qligi qoidalari boshqacha ekanligini tushunishlari kerak. Terining rangi yoki tashqi ko'rinishiga qarab tasniflashni, siyosiy yoki ijtimoiy sabablarga ko'ra, noo'rin deb hisoblaydigan ko'plab Janubiy Afrikaliklar bor va ular sizning tashqi ko'rinishingizdan qat'iy nazar oddiygina Janubiy Afrika deb atalishni afzal ko'rishadi.

• Agar siz faqat Janubiy Afrikalik nasabga mansub Afrikaliklarga murojaat qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz "qora"(aparteid davrida ishlatilgan atama) ba'zilar tomonidan hanuzgacha maqbul deb hisoblanmoqda. Bu ma'lum til guruhlarini - Zulu, Xosa, Soto va boshqalarni aniqlash fikrini mashq qilishga yordam berishi mumkin. Shaharlik qora tanlilarning aksariyati o'z ona tillaridan tashqari ingliz tilida ham gaplasha oladilar. ammo ingliz tilini bilish qishloq joylarida cheklanishi mumkin.
• "Rangli" atamasi ilk mustamlakachilik davridan oq va afrikalik ajdodlari bo'lgan va odatda afrikaans tilida so'zlashadigan va asosan G'arbiy Keypda yashovchi aralash irqiy madaniy guruhni anglatadi, garchi bu odamlarning ba'zilari bu atamaga qarshi bo'lsa va o'zlarini shunchaki chaqirishsa qora. Umuman olganda, bu atama AQSh yoki Britaniyada bo'lgani kabi salbiy ma'noga ega emas. "Rangli" o'zlarini qora yoki oq deb biladigan odamlarni ta'riflash uchun noto'g'ri ishlatilishi mumkin va shuning uchun ularni ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatish kerak. Go'yoki "aralash" merosga ega bo'lgan har bir kishi madaniy ma'noda o'zlarini "rangli" deb hisoblamaydilar va ularni aniqlay olmasliklari mumkin; taniqli misol - kulgili Trevor Nuh, u shveytsariyalik oq tanli va aparteid davrida tug'ilgan qora tanli Xosalik ayolning o'g'li. Apartheid davrida "rangli" guruh tarkibiga etnik xitoyliklar ham kirgan.
• Oq tanli Janubiy Afrikaliklarni oddiygina deb atash mumkin "oq"yoki" oq Janubiy Afrika ". Oq tanli Janubiy Afrikaliklarning ona tili afrikaliklar (golland tilidan olingan) yoki ingliz tilidir, shuning uchun afrikaliklar va ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan janubiy afrikaliklar bor. Janubiy afrikalik deyarli barcha oq tanlilar, hatto ona tili afrika tilidir, chunki tijorat va ko'ngil ochish asosan ingliz tili. aparteid qulaganidan beri oq tanli janubiy afrikaliklarning ona Afrika tilida gaplashishi tobora keng tarqalgan bo'lib bormoqda. tipik oq tanli janubiy afrikaliklar o'zlarini "afrika" deb bilishadi. yilda tug'ilgan Qo'shma Shtatlar o'zlarini "amerikalik" deb hisoblashadi; ko'pchiligining Janubiy Afrikada asrlar davomida yashab kelgan oilasi bor va ular uy deb atashlari mumkin bo'lgan yagona qit'a Afrikadir. Afrikanerlarni pejorativ va tajovuzkor deb hisoblanadigan "gollandiyaliklar" yoki "burlar" yoki afrikaliklarni "oshxona gollandlari" deb atashdan saqlaning, chunki ular qattiq mustaqil va o'zlarining tillari bilan faxrlanadilar va o'zlarini golland deb hisoblamaydilar. Garchi aparteid davrida "oq" atamaga yapon xalqi ham kiritilgan.
• Aparteid tizimidan qolgan to'rtinchi irqiy toifadir "Hind" (dan Hindiston), Buyuk Britaniyaning mustamlakachilik davrida ajdodlari Hindistondan kelgan odamlarni nazarda tutgan. Eng katta hind populyatsiyasi KwaZulu-Natalda, xususan Durban atrofida.
• Ning hamjamiyati mavjud Malayziya burni, asosan, Keyptaun shahridagi Bo Kaap hududida joylashgan bo'lib, ular mustamlaka davrida hozirgi Malayziya va Indoneziyadan olib kelingan qullarning avlodlari. Garchi ularning aksariyati hanuzgacha musulmon bo'lsa-da, ular endi malay tilida gaplashmaydilar va asosan afrika yoki ingliz tillarida gaplashadilar.

Qisqa bayoni; yakunida:

• Black - the majority of South Africans - of Bantu origin. The three most populous groups are Xhosa (Eastern & Western Cape), Zulu (KwaZulu-Natal) and Sotho (Free State).
• White - can be subdivided into Afrikaans speakers (the majority), and English speakers.
• Coloured - of mixed heritage - Afrikaans speaking, and concentrated in the Western Cape.
• Indian - concentrated around Durban.
• Malay - Muslims in the Bo Kaap area of Cape Town

It is wise to avoid racial or political remarks while in South Africa if you don't have a good understanding of South African history because the country's very diverse cultural disposition means that "putting your foot in it" is easy. However, you will encounter many South Africans who lived through the apartheid period, and who are willing to talk about their experiences of the time. It can be very interesting to speak with them about their experiences, and if you have an open mind and willingness to listen, you can avoid offence. New criminal laws have been enacted to punish people that insist on publicly using racist language.

South Africa is now in its third decade since the end of aparteid (a very sensitive issue for everyone) in 1990, but it is always easier to change laws than people. You will occasionally still hear overtly racist remarks, which can come from any race group in South Africa, not just white South Africans. This is more common from the older generation than the younger ones. The best thing to do is simply ignore it; leave the responsibility for enlightening lectures to other South Africans, who know the subject better than any foreign traveller as they have lived it. South Africans of different races generally treat each other politely at a personal level. Broadly speaking, non-white South Africans have shown a very high degree of mental toughness, endurance, intelligence, tolerance and forgiveness to their former oppressors, with younger generations of all races mingling and socializing with one another and finding more common ground and a sense of national identity, while some older generations of all races may long for "the good old days" when time seemed to stand still and strict law and order enforcement ruled the day. Political movements are another matter, and political parties have been aligned along the racial fault lines of the society although there is starting to be a move toward better integration. Although politically there's growing racial integration and overlapping, the majority of black South Africans vote for the African National Congress (ANC), and the majority of white and coloured South Africans vote for the liberal centrist Democratic Alliance (DA). The third major party, supported by a minority of black South Africans, is the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), a far-left nationalistic party that advocates for the expropriation of white people's property without compensation, and for material compensation to be given to black people for the losses and suffering endured under colonialism and apartheid. It also wants criminal prosecution reinstated against surviving perpetrators of the apartheid regime for crimes committed against humanity. Politics in South Africa can be a touchy issue, and it's best to talk about it with care and empathy.

Interracial marriages are becoming quite common, and, except for possibly some of the older generation, people no longer take offense if you and your partner are not the same colour.

Ulanmoq

Telefon

South Africa's country code is 27.

Phone numbers within South Africa are of the format 0XX YYY ZZZZ.

Large cities have area codes 0XX (Johannesburg is 011, Pretoria 012, Cape Town 021, Durban 031, Port Elizabeth 041, East London 043, Kimberley 053, Bloemfontein 051) while smaller towns may have longer area codes (0XX Y for example) with shorter local numbers.

When dialling a South African number from outside the country, one should dial 27 XX YYY ZZZZ.

Dialling within the country one should use all 10 digits, 0XX YYY ZZZZ.

To dial out of South Africa, dial 00 followed by the country code and the rest of the number you are trying to reach.

Pay phones are available at airports, shopping malls and some petrol stations. The number of pay phones in open public areas have been reduced, but you should still be able to find one when you need one. Pay phones use either coins or prepaid cards that are available at most shops and petrol stations ; coin phones are generally blue while card phones are usually green.

Generally, mobile network and data costs are not very cheap. However, consumer lobby groups are trying to influence the government to act in this regard by firstly, removing expiry dates on paid for but unused data or air time and secondly, in view of the very high profit margins consistently shown by the mobile network operators, to substantially reduce consumer costs and enable wider use by everyone, as it can help reduce poverty, create new small business opportunities and improve learning on a much bigger scale.

GSM

South Africa has an extensive GSM network, working on the same frequency as the rest of Africa and Evropa. There are five cell phone providers in South Africa: Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, Virgin Mobile va Telkom.

The networks support GPRS countrywide and LTE, 3G, EDGE and HSDPA support is available in larger urban areas.

Do not assume you will not have network coverage just because you can not see a GSM tower. Many of the towers have been built to look like trees (Vodacom) or other structure (MTN) in order to better blend into the surroundings and not be an eyesore. In some rural areas, GSM towers still look like towers because of problems with animals damaging them when they look like trees.

SIM card prepaid starter kits are available for around R1. You will need a passport and a proof of residential address and it has to be registered before you can call or receive calls. If you call into a Vodacom or MTN store with a passport and drivers licence, you can be all connected on the spot. You can buy credit for prepaid phones just about everywhere, remembering you will usually need cash to do so from service stations.

Internet

There are plenty of Internet cafes and access rates are cheap.

Even cheaper and more mobile would be to buy a prepaid cell phone starter pack (less than R10) and access the Internet with GPRS or 3G. Generally R2 per MB for out of bundle data from most providers (50c for Virgin Mobile), but it becomes a lot cheaper if you buy a data bundle. Vodacom prices range from 38c per MB on a 500MB bundle to 19c per MB on a 1GB bundle. MTN prices range between R1 per MB on a 10MB to 39c per MB on a 1GB bundle. Mobile data connections are always charged per MB as opposed to per second (as is popular on many European networks). State run Telkom Mobile, offers very advantageous and competitive contracts and "pay as you need" packages, but the lack of sufficient customer service centers may be an hindrance, however, once the initial process in completed, top up data is available online or most major retail outlets and supermarkets.

Neotel offers CDMA coverage in the larger metro areas with prepaid packages starting at R800 for 24GB (usb device included and data valid for 12 months) or R400 for the device and R0.20 per MB with the purchase of recharge vouchers. Coverage is still limited, so make sure to check the coverage map first.

ADSL1 is popular for residential use and are available in speeds of 384kbit/s, 1Mbit/s and 10Mbit/s. Due to the Telkom monopoly on last-mile infrastructure, operators can get away with labeling 384kbit/s as "broadband internet" simply because there are almost no viable alternatives, and users are usually limited to 1GB to 3GB per month on an account. The average cost of ADSL data is R70/GB.

Wi-fi

AlwaysOn seem to be leading the way in prepaid Wi-Fi access.Their hotspots can now be found at Cape Town, Durban and O.R. Tambo airports, City Lodge Hotels, Sun International Hotels, some Southern Sun Hotels, Mugg & Bean restaurants and various other places.

Kirish nuqtasiga ulanish kifoya, shunda sizga kredit karta orqali to'lovni to'lash imkoniyati beriladi. Pricing starts at around R15 for 10 minutes or R60 for 100MB.Their support desk can be contacted on 27 011 759-7300.

Engish

Tilanchilar

As is the reality with many developing countries, beggars are rife in South Africa. There are also many children and mothers with babies begging on the streets. People are discouraged by social services from giving children and mother-with-baby beggars money, as there are a number of children's homes available and giving them money keeps them on the street and often feeds a drug or drinking habit. However, if you encounter a particularly friendly beggar, there's nothing stopping you from giving them a few rands or a burger or bag of apples. Just be aware that muggers and con-artists are also rife in South Africa, so be wary at all times.

Elchixonalar va konsulliklar

• Avstraliya, 292 Orient St, Cnr Schoeman St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 423-6000. High Commission 
• Avstriya, 1109 Duncan St, Brooklyn, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 452-9155, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Belgiya, 625 Leyds St, Muckleneuk, 0002 Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 440-3201, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Braziliya, Block C, Hatfield Office Park, 1267 Pretorius St, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 426-9400, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Kanada, 1103 Arcadia St, Hatfield, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 422-3000, ✉[email protected]. High Commission 
• Frantsiya, 250 Melk Street, Cnr Middle Street, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 425-1600, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Germaniya, 180 Blackwood St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 427-8900, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Gretsiya, 1003 Church St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 430-7351, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Hindiston, 852 Schoeman St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 342-5392, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Irlandiya, Southern Life Plaza, 1059 Schoeman St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 342-5062. Embassy 
• Yaponiya, 259 Baines St, Groenkloof, Pretoria (Cnr Frans Oerder St), ☏ 27 12 452-1500, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Gollandiya, 210 Queen Wilhelmina Ave, Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 425-4500, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Portugaliya, 599 Leyds St, Muckleneuk, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 341-2340, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Rossiya, 316 Brooks Street, Menlo Park, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 362-1337, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Ukraina, 398 Marais str., Brooklyn 0181, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 460-1943, ✉[email protected]. Embassy 
• Birlashgan Qirollik, 255 Hill St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 421-7500, ✉[email protected]. Her Britannic Majesty's High Commission 
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, 877 Pretorius St, Arcadia, Pretoria, ☏ 27 12 431-4000. Embassy 

If your country is not listed here, have at look at the list provided by the Department of Foreign Affairs .

Funerals

Funerals are major community events that are attended by all family members, neighbors, and friends, as well as anyone with any connection to the family or community. Local businesses may close and lesser events may be postponed until after the funeral is over. If you are attending a funeral, dress respectfully in your best black and red clothes – never anything casual.

International banks

A number of international banks operate branches in South Africa.

Stay legal

There are some laws that the average tourist might not be aware of

• If you intend to do any angling (fishing), either freshwater or at the coast, you will require an angling licence for the province you are in. These can be obtained at any Post Office and the price depends on the province, but is generally under R50. Fishery and environments officials do from time to time check if anglers are in possession of a licence and you can expect to be fined if you are caught fishing without a licence. Also pick up a booklet from the nearest angling shop that will tell you what the size limits for each species of fish is.
• Except for specific areas, clearly indicated by notice boards, it is illegal to drive a vehicle onto any beach.
• Boat skippers need a licence to pilot a craft on all water courses, fresh or saltwater, within South Africa.

Fotosuratlar

Automated machines to print (or copy to CD) from digital media (CF, SD, MMC, Memory stick) are also becoming quite common and easy to find. Larger shopping malls have dedicated photography shops where you can buy cameras and lenses or have a camera repaired. Most major camera manufacturers are well represented.