Chex Respublikasi - Czech Republic

The Chex Respublikasi (Chex: Ceská respublikasi), yoki Chexiya (Esko) dengizga chiqmagan mamlakatdir Markaziy Evropa. Bu katta mamlakat emas, balki boy va voqealarga boy tarixga ega. Chexlar, nemislar, slovaklar, italiyalik toshsozlar va shiva ishchilari, fransuz savdogarlari va Napoleon armiyasidan qochib ketganlar bu erda yashab, ishlaydilar va ularning barchasi bir-biriga ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Asrlar davomida ular o'z erlarini birgalikda ishlov berib, bu kichik mamlakatni yuzlab qadimiy qal'alar, monastirlar va ulug'vor qasrlar va butun shaharlarga bag'ishlangan asarlar yaratdilar. Chexiya juda ko'p sonli me'moriy boyliklarni o'z ichiga oladi va ularga mos keladigan go'zal o'rmonlar va tog'larga ega.

Mintaqalar

Chexiya Respublikasida sakkizta mintaqada to'planishi mumkin bo'lgan 14 ta siyosiy mintaqa mavjud:

Shaharlar

Bular Chexiya shaharliklarining xilma-xilligini namoyish etish uchun tanlangan eng qiziqarli shaharlarning atigi to'qqiztasi. Boshqa qiziqarli yo'nalishlar uchun alohida mintaqalarni ko'ring.

• 50.08333314.4166671 Praga (Praha) - Chexiya Respublikasining poytaxti va yirik shahri katta va chiroyli tarixiy markazga ega
• 49.216.6166672 Brno - Moraviyaning eng yirik shahri va uning sobiq poytaxti, unda bir nechta ajoyib muzeylar, har yili Moto GP Gran-prisi, har yili Ignis Brunensis xalqaro fişeklar festivali, katta tarixiy markaz, Evropadagi ikkinchi eng katta ossuariy (Parij katakombalaridan keyin), Evropadagi eng yirik ko'rgazma markazlaridan biri, Markaziy Evropadagi eng qadimgi teatr binosi va boshqa ko'plab narsalar.
• 48.97472214.4747223 České Budějovice - Janubiy Bohemiyadagi jozibali yirik shahar
• 48.81666714.3166674 Cesky Krumlov - Janubiy Bohemiyadagi mamlakatning ikkinchi eng katta shatosiga ega go'zal eski shahar
• 50.23333312.8666675 Karlovi Vari (Karlsbad) - tarixiy (va eng katta Chexiya) kurorti, ayniqsa nemis va rus sayyohlik guruhlari tomonidan mashhur
• 49.9515.2666676 Kutna Xora - taniqli Saint Barbara sobori, qadimgi kumush konlari va minglab inson suyaklari bilan bezatilgan barcha avliyolar cherkovi joylashgan tarixiy shahar.
• 49.617.257 Olomouc (Holomok yoki Olomóc) Ming yillik tarixga ega bo'lgan va Chexiya Respublikasidagi ikkinchi yirik tarixiy markazga ega bo'lgan daryo bo'yidagi universitet shaharchasi
• 49.83555618.29258 Ostrava - jonli mahalliy madaniyat va ko'mir qazib olish va og'ir sanoatning uzoq tarixi
• 49.747513.37759 Pilsen (Plzeň) - asl Pilsner Urquell pivosining uyi va G'arbiy Bohemiyaning eng katta shahri

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 50.51972215.1705561 Bohemiya jannat (Český ráj) - shimoliy-sharqda joylashgan baland tosh shakllari va izolyatsiya qilingan qal'alar mintaqasi Praga. Darvozali shahar Jichin - bu o'ziga xos qiziqarli manzil, ammo Turnov ko'plab qal'alar va tosh shakllanishlariga yaqinroq. Vayron qilingan qasr Troskiyning egizak minoralari hududning ramzidir va ko'rinish uchun ko'tarilish mumkin
• 49.93944414.1880562 Karlštejn qal'asi - va muqaddas g'or monastiri: mashhur qal'aga piyoda sayohat va taniqli monastir
• 50.76666715.6166673 Krkonoshe (Gigant tog'lar) - Chexiya Respublikasidagi Polsha chegarasi bo'ylab eng baland tog'lar. Shpindlerov Mlyn kabi eng mashhur Chexiya chang'i kurortlari bu erda, ammo ular mahalliy aholi tomonidan qimmat deb hisoblanadi.
• 49.8716.3127784 Litomishl - Sharqiy Bohemiyadagi go'zal shaharcha. Uyg'onish davri bosh maydoni va shato Chexiya Respublikasining eng chiroyli joylaridan biri bo'lib, shaharda bastakor Bed artistsich Smetana, haykaltarosh Olbram Zoubek va rassom Yozef Vachal kabi ko'plab muhim va nufuzli rassomlar yashagan. Shatoda har yili ikkita xalqaro opera festivali o'tkaziladi.
• 49.96444412.7011115 Mariánské Lázně - G'arbiy Bohemiyadagi kurort shahri.
• 48.90388917.0288896 Mutěnice vino mintaqasi - Chexiya Respublikasidagi eng yaxshi uzumzorlarning ba'zilari va umuman mag'lubiyatga uchragan sayyohlik yo'lidan
• 49.56666716.0833337 Nové Město na Moravě - chang'i chang'i kurorti. Tour de Ski poygasi bu erda bo'lib o'tadi.
• 50.514.158 Terezin - Praga shahridan 70 km shimolda Ohye daryosi yonida qizil g'ishtli barokko qal'a. U Ikkinchi Jahon urushi davrida yahudiy getto va kontslageri sifatida ishlatilgan.
• 48.85555616.0488899 Znojmo - Bokira Maryamning Rotunda va St Ketrin Chexiya Respublikasidagi eng qadimgi freskalari bilan.

Tushuning

Tarix

Chexiya hududida kelt qabilalari yashagan Boii birinchi ming yillikning dastlabki to'rt asrida. Keltlar Rimdan keyingi german qabilalariga yo'l berdi. Keyinchalik, slavyanlar kelib, 9-asrda Germaniyadan Ukrainagacha cho'zilgan Buyuk Moraviya imperiyasini tashkil etishdi. Buyuk Moraviya qulaganidan so'ng Bohemiya knyazligi (keyinchalik Qirollik) tashkil topdi va zamonaviy Chexiya bilan deyarli bir xil bo'lgan hududiy birlik yaratdi. Xabsburglarning ko'tarilishi Chexiya erlarining tarkibiga kirishiga olib keldi Avstriya imperiyasi, keyinchalik Avstriya-Vengriyava nemis muhojirlarining ommaviy oqimi. Mineral buloqlari G'arbiy Bohemiya kurort uchburchagi "sog'liqni saqlash turizmini" vujudga keltirdi va Habsburgda ham, Habsburgda bo'lmagan qirollar ham o'zlarining turli xil kasalliklarini davolashadi.

Keyin Birinchi jahon urushi, sobiq Avstriya-Vengriya imperiyasining bir-biri bilan chambarchas bog'liq bo'lgan chexlar va slovaklar yangi Chexoslovakiya xalqini shakllantirdilar. Urushlararo yillarda yangi mamlakat rahbarlari tez-tez respublikadagi boshqa etnik ozchiliklarning, xususan sudet nemislari va vengerlarning talablarini qondirish bilan ovora edilar. Nemis ozchiliklari bilan yomon munosabatlar (umumiy aholining 20%) Adolf Gitler tomonidan kapitallangan va millat parchalanishi uchun "mantiqiy asos" sifatida ishlatilgan muayyan muammo edi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi. Mamlakat urush paytida Germaniya tomonidan qo'shib olingan va shafqatsizlarcha ishg'ol qilingan.

Ikkinchi jahon urushidan so'ng, Chexoslovakiya Potsdam konferentsiyasidan keyin ko'pchilik nemislarni va etnik vengerlarning ko'pchiligini kuch bilan quvib chiqardi. Biroq, bu urushdan ozmi-ko'pmi jismonan butunligicha chiqqanligi sababli millat juda muborak edi, chunki u asosan Germaniya, Avstriya, Polsha va Belorussiya tarixiy qo'shni shaharlarining ko'pchiligini tashkil etgan katta havo bombardimonlari va bosqinlari taqdirini chetlab o'tdi. . Mamlakat Sovet ta'sir doirasiga kirdi va qurol kuchi bilan 1989 yilgacha saqlanib qoldi (qarang) Sovuq urush Evropa).

1968 yilda Varshava Shartnomasi qo'shinlari tomonidan bosib olinishi mamlakat rahbarlarining Kommunistik partiya boshqaruvini liberallashtirish va "inson yuzi bilan sotsializm" yaratish bo'yicha harakatlariga barham berdi. Sovet Ittifoqiga qarshi namoyishlar keyingi yil "normalizatsiya" deb nomlangan partiya saflarida qattiq repressiya va konservatizm davrini boshlab berdi. 1989 yil noyabrda kommunistik hukumat tinch sharoitda taxtdan tushirildi Velvet inqilobi.

1993 yil 1-yanvarda mamlakat o'zining ikki milliy tarkibiy qismi - Chexiya va Slovakiya. 1999 yildan beri NATOning a'zosi va 2004 yildan beri Evropa Ittifoqining a'zosi bo'lgan Chexiya jahon bozorlariga integratsiyalashuvga o'tdi, bu rivojlanish ham imkoniyatlar, ham xavf tug'diradi, ammo Chexiya qishloqlarida ishsizlik va aholining kamayishi avj olgan, chunki ish topish imkoniyati yaxshilangan. Praga singari yirik shaharlar.

Chexiya bayrog'i Chexoslovakiya tomonidan ishlatilgan bayroqdir. U 1993 yilda qayta o'qilgan.

Odatlar va urf-odatlar

• Pasxa (Velikonoce): Fisih dushanba kuni yigitlar qizlar va ayollarni (bo'yida) bo'yida to'qilgan tayoq bilan oxirida (rangli lentalar bilan) urish odat tusiga kirgan (pomlázka), qizlar va ayollar o'z navbatida ularga rangli tuxum, konfet yoki ichimliklar berishadi degan umidda. Aniq sayyohlar ko'pincha ozod qilinadi (lekin har doim ham emas).
• Jodugar yonmoqda (Pálení čarodějnic) yoki Jodugarlar kechasi (Čarodějnice): Oxirgi aprel oqshomida mamlakat bo'ylab gulxan yoqildi. "Jodugar" haykalchalari, yovuzlikning ramzi sifatida, olovda yoqib yuboriladi. Bu xristian inkvizitsiyasi ta'sirida bo'lgan eski butparastlar festivalini (Beltane) qayta talqin qilishdir. Ehtimol, ko'pchilik chexlar inkvizitordan jodugarlarni afzal ko'rishadi, ko'plab olovlarda hech qanday jodugarlar yoqilmaydi va bayram o'zgacha butparastlik bilan nishonlanadi - jodugarlar bu tunni yoqish emas, balki nishonlashlari kerak. "Asalim, yashirin, aks holda bugun kechqurun kuyib ketasan!" Kabi hazil-mutoyibalardan to'xtamaydi.
• So'nggi qo'ng'iroq (Poslední zvonění) - bu o'rta maktabda o'tgan yil oxirida an'anaviy ravishda nishonlanadigan bayram. U odatda aprel oyi oxiri yoki may oyi boshida, yakuniy imtihonlar (chex tilidagi maturita) o'tkazilishidan bir hafta yoki undan ko'proq oldin nishonlanadi (turli maktablarda vaqt boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin). Talabalar bepul kunni olishadi va odatda ahmoqona kiyimlarda ahmoqona ishlarni qilishadi. Ular ko'chalarga chiqib, o'tayotgan odamlardan pul yig'ishadi, ba'zida ularni suv bilan qo'rqitishadi, yuzlariga lab bo'yog'i bilan yozishadi yoki ularga atir sepishadi. Yig'ilgan pullar imtihonlardan so'ng bazmda yoki maturita to'pida ishlatiladi.
• Aziz Mikulash bayrami (Aziz Nikolay, Santa Klaus), 5 dekabr: Shu kuni Sankt-Mikulash farishtasi va shayton bilan do'stlari bilan yuradi. U bolalarga yil davomida yaxshi xulq-atvori uchun mukofot berish uchun kichik sovg'alar va konfetlar beradi, shayton esa yil davomida qilgan xatolari uchun bolalarni jazolaydi va jazo sifatida ularga kartoshka, ko'mir (yoki ba'zan urish) beradi. Pragadagi Eski shahar maydoni - bu bayramni tomosha qilish uchun ajoyib joy.
• Rojdestvo (Vánoce): Chexlar ushbu bayramni Rojdestvo arafasida nishonlashni boshlaydilar va 26-gacha (Stiven bayrami) nishonlashni davom ettiradilar. Sovg'alar Rojdestvo daraxti ostiga qo'yilgan (tomonidan Ježíšek (Chaqaloq Iso) kichkina bolalar ishonganidek) va Rojdestvo arafasida kechki ovqatdan keyin olingan. Kartoshka salati va karp an'anaviy an'anaviy Rojdestvo taomidir va shu sababli Rojdestvo arafasida Chexiya shaharlari va shaharlari ko'chalarida ulkan tanklardan tirik karp sotilayotganini ko'rish mumkin.

Tarixiy mintaqalar

Chexiya erlari (Chexiyadagi Česko [ʃɛtʃɛskɔ) uchta tarixiy erdan iborat: Bohemiya (Chexi), Moraviya (Morava) va Chexiya Sileziyasi (Slezsko).

Bohemiya

Garchi zamonaviy sifat bohem Bohemiyani nazarda tutadi, bu foydalanish keng stereotipga asoslangan va geografiyani yaxshi tushunmagan, shuning uchun siz uchrashgan bohemliklarning ko'chmanchi yoki g'ayritabiiy badiiy / adabiy bo'lishini kutmang. bohemiyaliklar, yoki Puchchinining "La Bome" asaridan nimanidir ko'rish. Yo'q, "Bohemian Rapsodiya" (uning so'zlari italyan va arab tillariga sepilgan) mahalliy madhiya emas!

Shunday qilib, Bohemiya / Bohemiya so'zi kelt qabilasi Boii nomidan kelib chiqqan. Atama Bohem ozmi-ko'pmi ma'no bilan yakun topgan edi Chex 19-asrning oxiriga kelib slavyan millatchiligining uyg'onishi bilan. Biroq, bu Bogemiyaning har qanday aholisi, shu jumladan Ikkinchi Jahon urushi yakunlangan oylarga qadar ushbu hududda yashagan ko'plab nemislar haqida gapirish uchun ishlatilgan.

Moraviya va Chexiya Sileziyasi

Moraviya va Bohemiya (Chexiya Respublikasining ikkinchi yarmi) materik Evropaning sanoat inqilobiga uchragan birinchi mintaqalaridan biri edi; ammo Moraviya Bohemiyaning ommaviy urbanizatsiyasini boshdan kechirmadi. Shuning uchun bu mintaqa hali ham ajoyib uzumzorlar, bog'lar, "organik" mahsulotlarga to'la dalalar va tog'lar manzaralari va yoqimli kichkina qishloqlari bilan to'ldirilgan. Hatto viloyat poytaxti Brno ham o'zining kichik shahar jozibasi bilan mashhur. Bu erda juda keng temir yo'l tizimi mavjud va mintaqada Zbrojovka kabi tarixiy zavodlar mavjud Brno (qurol) va Baťa fabrikasi Zlin (poyabzal).

Moraviyada gaplashadigan chex tilidagi shevalar Bohemiyada, xususan Pragada so'zlashadiganlardan bir oz farq qiladi. Moraviyaliklar o'zlarining shevalari bilan faxrlanishadi va bir nechta stereotipli regionalizmlarni o'rganish yaxshi bo'lishi mumkin (yoki dahshatli, aynan nima deb o'ylayotganingiz va nima deyishingizga qarab).

Mintaqaning Moraviya darvozasida joylashgan strategik joylashuvi (Markaziy Evropaning ajoyib tog 'tizmalari orqali o'tish yo'li) juda ko'p tarixning to'qnashuviga olib keldi.

Chiqinglar

Viza talablari

Vizadan ozod bo'lishning maksimal muddati Shengenni imzolagan davlat sifatida, umuman, Evropa Ittifoqi / EFTAga a'zo bo'lmagan fuqarolar vizadan ozod qilish huquqiga ega bo'lib, Shengen zonasida (Chexiya, shu jumladan) 180 kun ichida eng ko'pi bilan 90 kun qolishlari mumkin. bir butun sifatida. Ammo, o'z mamlakati / hududi mavjud bo'lgan Evropa Ittifoqi / EFTAga a'zo bo'lmagan fuqarolar uchun biChexiya bilan shartnomani to'liq imzolashdan oldin Chexiya bilan vizadan ozod qilish to'g'risidagi bitim, Shengen qoidalariga emas, ikki tomonlama shartnomada nazarda tutilgan vizadan ozod qilishda qolish muddatining maksimal davom etishi davom etmoqda. Aslida, bu Evropa Ittifoqi / EFTAga a'zo bo'lmagan fuqarolar uchun ular 90 kungacha Chexiya Respublikasida vizasiz bo'lishlari mumkin degan ma'noni anglatadi. emas 180 kun ichida 90 kunlik Shengen chegarasi bilan cheklangan. Evropa Ittifoqiga qo'shilishidan oldin o'z mamlakati / hududi Chexiya bilan ikki tomonlama vizadan ozod qilish to'g'risidagi kelishuvga ega bo'lgan Evropa Ittifoqi / EFTA fuqarolari: Andorra, Argentina, Braziliya, Bruney, Kosta-Rika, Chili, Xorvatiya, El Salvador, Gvatemala, Gonduras, Gonkong SAR, Isroil, Yaponiya, Makao SAR, Malayziya, Meksika, Monako, Yangi Zelandiya, Nikaragua, Panama, San-Marino, Serbiya, Singapur, Janubiy Koreya, Urugvay, Vatikan va Venesuela - ammo emas Avstraliya, Kanada yoki AQSh. Ushbu ikki tomonlama vizadan ozod qilish to'g'risidagi bitimlar haqida ko'proq ma'lumot olishingiz mumkin Chexiya Respublikasi Ichki ishlar vazirligining veb-sahifasi ("Qisqa muddatli yashash shartlari" bo'limida) va shuningdek maqola. Ushbu hujjat Chexiya bilan vizalarni bekor qilish to'g'risidagi bitimlarning to'liq ro'yxatini ham taqdim etadi (ba'zi davlatlar bir tomonlama emas, aksincha bilateral viza shartnomalari).

Chexiya Shengen shartnomasi.

• Odatda shartnomani imzolagan va amalga oshirgan mamlakatlar o'rtasida chegara nazorati mavjud emas. Bunga Evropa Ittifoqining aksariyat qismi va boshqa bir qator mamlakatlar kiradi.
• Odatda xalqaro reyslarga yoki qayiqlarga chiqishdan oldin shaxsni tekshirish tekshiruvi o'tkaziladi. Ba'zida quruqlik chegaralarida vaqtinchalik chegara nazorati mavjud.
• Xuddi shunday, a viza har qanday Shengen a'zosi uchun berilgan, imzolagan barcha boshqa mamlakatlarda amal qiladi va shartnomani amalga oshirdi.
• Iltimos, ko'ring Shengen zonasi bo'ylab sayohat qilish sxema qanday ishlashi, qaysi mamlakatlar a'zo ekanligi va qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun sizning fuqaroligingizga qanday talablar qo'yiladi.

Sayohat hujjatlari talablari

Evropa Ittifoqi, Evropa Ittifoqi va Shveytsariya fuqarolari uchun pasportlar va milliy shaxsiy guvohnomalar faqat Chexiyada bo'lgan vaqt davomida amal qilishlari kerak.

Boshqa barcha fuqarolar uchun pasportlar / sayohat hujjatlari bir muddat amal qilishi kerak kamida 90 kun Chexiya Respublikasi / Shengen zonasida kutilgan muddatdan ortiq.

Chexiyada qolish muddati 30 kundan oshadigan chet el fuqarolari Chexiyaga kelganidan keyin 30 kun ichida Chet elliklar va Chegara politsiyasida ro'yxatdan o'tishlari shart. Agar siz mehmonxonada yoki shunga o'xshash muassasada qolsangiz, turar joy provayderi ushbu ro'yxatdan o'tishni tashkil qilishi kerak.

Ota-onasining pasportiga yozilgan bolalarga 15 yoshga qadar ota-onalari bilan sayohat qilishga ruxsat beriladi. Bola 15 yoshga to'lgandan so'ng, alohida pasport kerak.

Tashrif Chexiya Respublikasi Tashqi ishlar vazirligining ushbu veb-sayti Chexiya Respublikasiga kirish uchun haqiqiy va maqbul sayohat hujjati nima haqida ko'proq ma'lumot olish uchun.

Samolyotda

50.10083333333314.261 Vatslav Havel aeroporti (PRG ^IATA) - markazidan taxminan 10 km g'arbda Praga, (Praha Chexiya milliy aviakompaniyasining markazi hisoblanadi - Chexiya aviakompaniyalari (ČSA), SkyTeam a'zosi.

Boshqa xalqaro aeroportlar mavjud 49.15138888888916.6938888888892 Brno Tuřany aeroporti (reyslar bilan London va Bergamo), 49.69611111111118.1108333333333 Leoš Janacek aeroporti Ostrava) (reyslar Vena aeroporti va Praga), 50.01333333333315.7386111111114 Pardubits aeroport , 50.20305555555612.9155 Karlovi Vari aeroport (reyslar Moskva va jamoat bo'lmagan 49.02944444444417.4397222222226 Kunovice aeroporti (yaqin Uherské Hradiště).

Pragaga ketadigan bir nechta arzon aviakompaniyalar mavjud (masalan, EasyJet from Lion). Ryanair Brnoga uchadi London va Bergamo. Boshqa yaqin aeroportlar Drezden (100 km), Leypsig (180 km), Nürnberg (200 km) va Myunxen (320 km) ichida Germaniya, Vena ichida Brno shahriga (Pragaga 260 km, Brnoga 110 km) avtobus qatnovi mavjud Avstriya, Vrotslav (200 km) ichida Polsha (Agar borishni istasangiz yaxshi fikr bo'lishi mumkin Gigant tog'lar) va Bratislava (Pragaga 280 km, Brnoga atigi 120 km) Slovakiya.

Aeroport transferlari

Ruzine aeroportidan Praga markaziga va undan tashqariga o'tish uchun siz quyidagilarni amalga oshirishingiz mumkin:

• PragaTransfer Mikroavtobus xizmati. Narxlar dan €25 4 kishilik ziyofat uchun, to €180 49 kishilik partiya uchun.
• Airport Express Chexiya temir yo'llari jamoat avtobuslari xizmati. Bir chipta uchun 50 Kč. Ushbu avtobus 1 va 2-terminallarda to'xtaydi. U metro liniyasi A ("Dejvická stantsiyasi") va Praga asosiy temir yo'l stantsiyasiga 35 daqiqada ulanadi.
• Jamoat avtobuslari liniyalari Chiptalarni 1 va 2-terminallarning kelish zallaridan yoki avtobus bekatlariga joylashtirilgan chipta mashinalaridan 32 Kč narxlarida sotib olish mumkin. Chiptalarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri haydovchidan 40 Kč evaziga sotib olish mumkin. Ushbu xizmatlarning hech biri to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Praga markaziga yo'naltirilmagan, ammo sizni shahar markaziga borishingiz mumkin bo'lgan eng yaqin metro stantsiyasiga olib boradi. Chipta barcha avtobuslarda, tramvaylarda va Metroda 90 daqiqa davomida amal qiladi va avtobusga kirgandan so'ng muhr bosilishi kerak. Aeroportga xizmat ko'rsatuvchi yo'nalishlar:
  • 119 "Nádraží Veleslavín" metro stantsiyasida tugaydi. Shahar uchun A metro liniyasiga o'tish.
  • 100 G'arbiy Pragada ("Zličín" metro bekati) 18 daqiqada tugaydi. Shahar uchun B metro liniyasiga o'tish.
  • 510 Har 30 daqiqada tungi xizmat. Shaharning janubiga boradi, lekin markazning yonidan o'tadi ("Jiráskovo náměstí" yoki "I.P. Pavlova" to'xtash joylari), bu 42 daqiqa davom etadi.
• Taksi Aeroport vakolatli xizmati. Narxlar bir kilometr uchun 28 Kč va har bir sayohat uchun 40 Kč.

Avtobusda

Xalqaro avtobus xizmati to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanish bilan Evropaning ko'plab shaharlaridan ishlaydi Germaniya, Polsha, Gollandiya, Slovakiya, Shveytsariya, Avstriya, va hokazo. Yaxshi xizmat Evrolinlar^{[o'lik havola]} va RegioJet^{[o'lik havola]}. Polshadan arzon chiptalar tomonidan taklif etiladi FlixBus. Germaniya va Deutsche Bahn shaharlaridagi deyarli barcha yangi shaharlararo avtobus operatorlari Germaniya yoki Avstriyaning turli nuqtalaridan Pragaga avtobuslarni taklif qilishadi. ushbu nemis veb-sayti. Bozor juda yangi va hali ham o'zgaruvchan kompaniyalar o'z faoliyatini to'xtatishi yoki qisqa vaqt ichida paydo bo'lishi mumkin.

Poyezdda

Asosiy maqola: Chexiya Respublikasida temir yo'l bilan sayohat

Xalqaro poezd xizmati Evropaning aksariyat nuqtalaridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanishlar bilan ishlaydi Slovakiya, Polsha, Germaniya, Gollandiya, Shveytsariya, Avstriya, Vengriya, Serbiya, Belorussiya va Rossiya; yozda ham Ruminiya, Bolgariya va Chernogoriya.

Germaniyadan

EC poezdlari har ikki soatda ishlaydi Berlin yoki Gamburg orqali Drezden va Yomon Shandau yilda Saksoniya Shveytsariyasi ga Praga va Brno. Kechasi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shpalli mashina xizmat qiladi KyolnFrankfurt, Karlsrue, Kopengagen va Bazel. Pragaga (ba'zan Brnoga) arzon chiptalar mavjud veb-sayt Germaniya temir yo'llari, agar oldindan sotib olinsa. Narx boshlanadi €19-39 o'rindiq uchun va €49 kushet uchun.

Germaniya temir yo'llari to'xtovsiz avtobuslarni boshqaradi Nürnberg, Myunxen va Manxaym bilan Praga, Germaniya temir yo'l tarifiga to'liq moslashtirilgan. Agar sizda bo'lsa InterRail yoki Eurail o'tish, bu avtobuslar majburiy bron qilishni talab qiladi deb hisoblang.

Kundalik to'rtta poezd bor Myunxen ga Praga, ammo ular Chexiya janubi-g'arbiy qismidagi temir yo'l egri (chiroyli bo'lsa ham) tufayli yuqoridagi avtobusga qaraganda sekinroq. Eng arzon usul bu"Bavariya" chiptasi (€21 bitta odam uchun, €29 Chexiya chegarasiga chexiya ichki chiptasi bilan birgalikda 5 kishigacha bo'lgan guruh uchun (qarang # Arzon chiptalar kombinatsiyasi).

Agar siz mahalliy poezdda chegarani kesib o'tgan bo'lsangiz (EC yoki EN emas), ushbu imkoniyatdan foydalanishni o'ylab ko'ring "Bavariya" - "Bomen-chipta" yoki Saksen-Bohmen-chipta. Chexiya-Germaniya-Polsha uch davlat chegarasi atrofida siz transport tizimining yagona tarifidan foyda ko'rishingiz mumkin. ZVON

Polshadan

Bir EC to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezd bor Varshava ga Praga va Ostrava va Varshavadan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shpalli mashinalar va Krakov. Kunduzgi poezd uchun chipta narxi €19-29, agar kamida uch kun oldin sotib olingan bo'lsa. Tungi poezdlar uchun bunday arzon taklif yo'q, lekin siz hiyla-nayrang kombinatsiyasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin, qarang # Arzon chiptalar kombinatsiyasi.

Uzoq poezdlardan tashqari mahalliy poezdlar juda kam. Uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilish uchun yarim tezyurar poezd Vrotslav ga Pardubits foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Mahalliy poezdlarda (IC yoki EC emas), maxsus sotib olish mumkin transchegaraviy chipta (Polsha: bilet przechodowy) Chexiya va Polsha (yoki aksincha) chegara stantsiyalari orasida amal qiladi va narxi atigi 15 Kč yoki PLN2. Siz uni poezddagi konduktordan sotib olishingiz mumkin (yoki boshqa chegara stantsiyasiga etib borishingizdan oldin konduktor paydo bo'lmasa, uni butunlay e'tiborsiz qoldiring) va bu ikki mamlakatning ichki chiptalari bilan birlashtirilishi mumkin. Chexiya-Germaniya-Polsha uch davlat chegarasi atrofida siz tariflarning yagona tarifidan foyda ko'rishingiz mumkin ZVON transport tizimi.

Slovakiyadan

Sobiq Chexoslovakiyaning bir qismi sifatida Chexiya va Slovakiya o'rtasida poezdlar tez-tez kelib turadi. EC poezdlari har ikki soatda boradi Bratislava ga Praga va Brnova Inailina Praga va Ostrava. Kundalik bitta poyezd bor Banska-Bystrica, Zvolen va Koshice Praga va Ostrava shaharlarigacha. Ushbu shaharlarning barchasi Praga bilan bir kecha-kunduzda shpal bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanishga ega.

Pragaga doimiy ravishda bir tomonga chipta narxi €27 Bratislava va €42 Kosice shahridan. Qaytish uchun chegirma mavjud (taxminan) 30% CityStar. Slovakiya temir yo'llari shuningdek, Internetda chegirmali taklif SparNight oldindan chiptalar - masalan. Bratislavadan Praaga kunlik poezd narxi €15 va tungi poezd, shu jumladan, Koshitsa - Pragaga kushet bron qilish €27.

Avstriyadan

Railjet poezdlari Graz va Vena ga Praga va Brno har ikki soatda ishlaydi. Kimdan Linz Pragaga ikkita to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'lanish va o'zgarishi bilan yana ikkita ulanish mavjud Keské Budějovice.

Praga, Brno va Ostravaning arzon chiptalari Avstriya temir yo'llarida mavjud veb-sayt, agar kamida 3 kun oldin sotib olingan bo'lsa. Narx boshlanadi €19 Vena-Brno uchun, €29 Vena-Praga va Linz-Praga uchun.

Agar siz mahalliy poezdda chegarani kesib o'tgan bo'lsangiz (IC, EC emas), chegirmali qaytib kelish chiptasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin EURegio.

Arzon chiptalar kombinatsiyasi

To'liq narxdagi xalqaro chiptalar juda qimmat, shuning uchun tijorat imtiyozlari sizning ehtiyojlaringizga mos kelmasa, siz pulni tejash uchun ichki chiptalarni birlashtira olasiz:

• Chexiya chegarasiga nemis / avstriyalik / slovakiyalik / polshalik ichki chiptani sotib oling va keyin chexiya konduktoridan chexiya chegara punktidan boshlab chexiya ichki chiptasini so'rang (poezdda chiptani sotib olish uchun qo'shimcha to'lov 40 Kč). Yodingizda bo'lsin, 2 yo'lovchidan boshlab sezilarli guruh chegirmasi mavjud. Chexiya temir yo'llari veb-saytida yozilishicha, xalqaro poezdlarda konduktorlar to'lovlarni evroda qabul qilishlari kerak [1].
• Dam olish kunlari, Chexiyaning oddiy ichki chiptasi o'rniga, siz ham onlayn deb nomlangan tarmoq chiptasini sotib olishingiz mumkin SONE 600 Kč uchun (2 ta kattalar va 3 ta bola bitta dam olish kunida amal qiladi). Siz ushbu chiptani Internetda chop etishingiz yoki daftaringiz ekranida taqdim etishingiz kerak.

Chegara nuqtasi nomlari:

• Berlindan: Schöna Gr.
• Venadan: Beclav Gr.
• Linzdan: Summerau Gr.
• Bratislavadan: Kúty Gr.
• Myunxendan: Furth im Wald Gr.
• Nürnbergdan: Cheb Gr.
• Kosice shahridan: Horni Lideč Gr. (orqali poezdlar Vsetin) yoki Čadca Gr. (orqali poezdlar Ostrava)
• Varshava va Krakovdan: Bohumin Gr. (Praga va Varshava o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kunduzgi poezdlar) yoki Zebrydowice Gr. (boshqalar)
• Vrotslavdan: Lichkov Gr.

The Gr. degan ma'noni anglatadi chegara nuqtasi ularni bir xil nomdagi stantsiyalardan ajratish.

Velosipedda

The Elbe Radveg Germaniya-Chexiya chegarasini kesib o'tadi.

Mashinada

Mamlakat 4 davlat bilan quruqlik chegarasiga ega.

Atrofga boring

O'zingizning ulanishlaringizni quyidagi veb-saytlardan birida toping:

• Jízdní řády Seznam
• IDOS

Ikkala sayt ham Chexiya poyezdlari, avtobuslari va shahar transporti hamda chet elda ko'plab poezd va avtobus yo'nalishlarini qamrab oladi.

Samolyotda

Dan mahalliy reys mavjud Praga ga Ostravatomonidan boshqariladi CSA Czech Airlines kuniga ikki marta, lekin bu odatda qimmat va asosan Pragaga / undan boshqa reyslar bilan bog'lanish uchun ishlatiladi.

Avtobusda

Orasida sayohat qilishning arzon va ajoyib vositasi Praga va boshqa yirik shaharlar - Regiojet avtobuslari. Ushbu avtobuslar odatda biroz tezroq va narxi Chexiya poyezdlariga qaraganda arzonroq (chegirmalarni hisobga olmaganda). Ba'zi marshrutlarda (masalan, Pragadan Brnoga) bu marginaldir, ammo Pragadan Karlovi Vari yoki Liberecgacha bo'lgan yo'nalishlarda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezd aloqasi yo'q, shuning uchun avtobuslar eng yaxshi variant. Odatda, sizga joy ajratish shart emas, lekin juma kunlari yoki ta'til paytida Pragadan yoki undan Pragaga sayohat qilsangiz, tavsiya etiladi. Siz Regiojet-da joylarni onlayn ravishda bron qilishingiz mumkin veb-sayt. Ushbu operatordan tashqari Praga va boshqa shahar va qishloqlarni, hatto chekka qishloqlarni ham doimiy ravishda bog'laydigan ko'plab boshqa avtobus kompaniyalari mavjud. Avtobuslarning aksariyati Pragadan Florensdagi markaziy avtovokzaldan chiqib ketadi, ammo boshqa yirik avtovokzallarni Na Knízecí (metro stantsiyasi Anděl), Cherny Most, Zličín va Roztyly da topish mumkin, ularning barchasi metro stantsiyalari yonida joylashgan.

Kichik shaharlar va atrofdagi qishloqlar o'rtasida mahalliy avtobus qatnovini odatda nomlari berilgan kompaniyalar boshqaradi ADSAD (tuman nomi), umummilliy davlat kompaniyasining qoldig'i Československá Autobusova D.oprava kommunistik davrdan boshlab. Mahalliy avtobuslarda siz haydovchiga qayerga borishingizni aytasiz va unga kirganingizda yo'l haqini to'laysiz.

Mashinada

Chexiyalik haydovchilar ba'zan tajovuzkor bo'lib tuyulishi mumkin, ayniqsa Pragada, ammo bu ba'zi janubiy Evropa mamlakatlarida uchraydigan "jinnilik" dan yiroq.

Chexiya - a nol bardoshlik alkogol uchun mamlakat. Avtotransport vositasini har qanday miqdordagi alkogol ichimliklar ostida boshqarish noqonuniy hisoblanadi va qoidabuzarliklar jiddiy jazolanadi.

Yaxshi saqlanadigan avtoulovlarda harakatlanish uchun siz mototsiklda yurmasangiz, pullik stikerini sotib olishingiz kerak. Ushbu stikerlar narxi 310 Kč 2018 yilda o'n kun davomida (3,5 tonnadan engil avtomobillar uchun), lekin undan uzoqroq muddatga sotib olish mumkin (1 oy 440 Kč yoki 1500 Kč yiliga). Agar siz avtomobil yo'llarida harakatlanayotganda mashinangizda pullik stikerini ko'rsatmasangiz, jarimalar juda baland bo'lishi mumkin (eng kami 5000 Kč).

To'lov stikerini to'g'ri sotib olganingizga ishonch hosil qiling: og'irligi 3,5 tonnagacha bo'lgan transport vositalari va 3,5 dan 12 tonnagacha bo'lgan transport vositalari uchun. Og'irligi 12 tonnadan katta bo'lgan transport vositalari masofani hisobga olgan holda yo'l haqini to'lash uchun bort qismidan ("premid" bo'linmasidan) foydalanishlari kerak.

Ko'pgina yo'llarning holati tobora yaxshilanib bormoqda, ammo tejamkor va tezkor bo'lish uchun iloji boricha avtoulovlarda harakatlaning, garchi siz mamlakatning chekka qismlariga borishni istasangiz, biroz notekis bo'ladigan yon yo'llardan qochmaysiz ba'zan. Qayta qurishdan keyin ham qishloqdagi ikkinchi darajali yo'llar ancha tor, o'rtada bo'linish chizig'isiz.

Chexiya Respublikasida tezlikni cheklash odatda avtomobil yo'llarida 130 km / soat (81 milya), avtomobil yo'llaridan 90 km / soat (56 milya) va shaharlarda 50 km / soat (31 milya) ni tashkil qiladi. Yoqilg'i Evropaning qolgan qismiga qaraganda arzonroq (33 Kč, 2018 yil sentyabr), ammo AQSh bilan taqqoslaganda juda qimmat, chunki u katta soliqqa tortiladi. Agar uzoqroq masofani bosib o'tsangiz, benzin xarid qilish tejamkor - yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari orasidagi narx oralig'i juda keng. Brendli avtomagistral yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchasida benzin 40 Kč, kichik shaharchada 31 Kč bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zan siz magistral yo'ldan tankga borishda to'liq tankda 200 Kč tejashingiz mumkin. Yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari YO'Q odatda benzin eng yaxshi narxlarga ega. Odatda uchta yoki undan ortiq turdagi avtomobil yoqilg'ilari mavjud - turli xil ranglarda - qora - dizel, yashil - benzin, ikkinchisi esa odatda boshqa turlarda sotiladi - 95, yaxshiroq 98 va ba'zan 92 (92 dan foydalanmang).

Yo'l harakati jarimalarini odatda joyida to'lash mumkin, ammo har doim kvitansiya talab qilinadi.

Kunduzgi chiroqlar (dlr) yoki qisqa faralardan foydalanish butun yil davomida kunduzi ham majburiydir. Haydash paytida chiroqlaringiz yoqilmasa, politsiya jarimaga tortishi mumkin.

Majburiy uskunalar o'z ichiga oladi

• Birinchi tibbiy yordam vositasi
• almashtirish lampalari to'plami
• almashtirish sigortalari to'plami
• ogohlantiruvchi uchburchak (mototsikl uchun kerak emas)
• aks ettiruvchi ko'ylagi

Poyezdda

Asosiy maqola: Chexiya Respublikasida temir yo'l bilan sayohat

Chexiya Respublikasidagi poezdlar asosan davlat kompaniyalari tomonidan boshqariladi Keské Dráhy (Chexiya temir yo'llari). RegioJet (Student Agency sho'ba korxonasi) va LeoExpress Praga va Ostrava o'rtasida modernizatsiya qilingan poezdlarni boshqaradi.

Poezdlar Chexiya Respublikasining eng chekka joylariga borishadi va avtobuslardan farqli o'laroq, ular avjga chiqadigan vaqt va dam olish kunlari muntazam ravishda harakat qilishadi. Biroq, zamonaviylashtirilgan asosiy yo'laklardan tashqarida sayohat qilish standarti 1970-yillardagidek bir xil, shuning uchun viloyat shaharlari yoki qishloqlariga, poezdlar qishloq atrofida yurish uchun borishga ancha vaqt talab etadi.

Poezd toifalari

• Osobní vlak (Os) - mintaqaviy mahalliy poezd, hamma joyda to'xtaydi.
• Spshný vlak (Sp) - mintaqaviy tezyurar poezd, qishloqlarni o'tkazib yuboradi.
• Rychlik (R) - shaharlararo shaharlararo tezyurar poezd, faqat katta shaharlarda va shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• Rychlík vyšší kvality (Rx) - yuqori sifatli uzoq masofali mintaqalararo tezyurar poezd, faqat katta shaharlarda va shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• Ekspress (Ex) - yuqori sifatli shaharlararo mintaqalararo tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• EuroCity (EC) - yuqori sifatli xalqaro uzoq masofali tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• InterCity (IC) - yuqori sifatli milliy uzoq masofali tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• RailJet (rj) - yuqori sifatli xalqaro uzoq masofali tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• SuperCity (SC) - yuqori sifatli milliy uzoq masofali tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.
• EuroNight (UZ) - yuqori sifatli xalqaro kechada uzoq muddatli tezyurar poezd, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi.

Poezd chiptalari

Chiptalarni oldindan onlayn sotib olish kerak - Chexiya temir yo'llari Barcha milliy va xalqaro shaharlararo yo'nalishlarda, shuningdek mahalliy temir yo'llarning aksariyat qismida (99%) harakatlanadigan yoki Leo Express (Faqat chex tilida) va Regiojet, faqat Praga-Ostrava shaharlararo yo'nalishida qatnovchi poezdlarni boshqaradigan xususiy kompaniyalar. In each case, there are many advantages compared to buying at the ticket office: tickets are cheaper when bought in advance and the system automatically recommends the cheapest variant (sparing you the trouble of going through the, often Byzantine, tariffs). Visiting the ticket office is only necessary when paying with cash or when needing some special kinds of fares (for example, sleeping car reservations) unavailable online. Ticket purchased online don't have to be printed: It's usually enough to show the pdf file to the conductor on a laptop or tablet screen. The main disadvantage when buying tickets on-line is the need to supply the traveller's name and the number of a government-issued photo ID, such as a driver's license or a passport. You can usually cancel the online ticket for a small fee up to 15 minutes before departure.

The normal train ticket price on the ČD trains, always available even immediately prior to the departure, can be discouraging (roughly 1.40 Kč per km), but Czech Railways (ČD) offer plenty of discounts. Return tickets give you a 5% discount, and a group of travellers (even two travellers are considered as a "group") is treated roughly as "first person pays full price, others pay half price". Therefore, ask for "skupinová sleva" (group discount) and/or "zpáteční sleva" (return discount).

Regular travellers can use a ČD loyalty card, called In-karta, which comes in varieties of 25%, 50% and 100% discount for train tickets (although some tickets may get a lower or no discount) and can quickly pay for itself. The 3-month 25% In-Karta costs 190 Kč whereas the one year 100% discount card gives you free rides for a year at 19,990 Kč. The price of the 25% In-Karta will pay for itself quickly. You have to fill in an application form at the ticket counter and provide a photograph. You will get a temporary paper card immediately and start using the discount. After three weeks you will get a plastic chip card.

The complete list of discounts can be found at the ČD website.

On the route between Prague va Ostrava, you can choose between three competing rail carriers: the national Czech Railways (operating both standard "Ex" and premium "SC" trains) and privately held IC RegioJet va LeoExpress (LE) trains. Considering price, LE, Ex and IC trains are equivalent (about 295 Kč), while the SC trains cost usually about 100 Kč more. Speed-wise, SC is the fastest, followed closely by LE, while IC and Ex lag behind. The on-board service is better on the LE and IC trains.

Travel tips

If you travel in a group on weekends, you can buy a Group weekend ticket[2] for unlimited travelling on Saturday or Sunday. It is valid for group up to 2 adults and 3 children. The pass is valid in all trains including IC and EC, but in SC you need to buy a seat reservation for additional 200 Kč (or less, for less-frequented times). The whole-network variant costs 600 Kč and regional variant costs 200 to 275 Kč. Buying online and printing the ticket yourself gives you a small discount of 3% and you'll avoid the queue at the station.

Although many train stations were repaired and modernized, the rest is still like a trip back in time to the communist era. Try to avoid them in the late night hours. Trains are generally safe (there are regular police guards assigned for fast trains) and very popular mean of transport and they are widely used both by students and commuters. Therefore, especially the principal rail axis Praha-Pardubice-Olomouc-Ostrava is crowded during peak times (Friday and Sunday afternoon) and seat reservation is recommended.

Prague has a pretty good network of local trains connecting it with suburbs and surrounding cities called Esko (S-Bahn). The Prague public transport tickets (e.g. 32 Kč for 90 minutes) are valid on these trains (Os va Sp category) for travel within the area of Prague.

If you want to visit the dining car in the Czech Railways (České dráhy) train (the blue one), try to do so while the train is inside of the Czech Republic. While the train is in the Czech Republic, you can get some good and tasty meals (even traditional ones like "Svíčková") for around 150 Kč. If you order while the train is outside of the Czech Republic/Slovakia/Hungary, you will be charged almost double the price. This is not scam, it is official policy of the company.

Taking bikes or pets on the train

The basic ticket for bike costs 25 Kč for one train or 50 Kč for whole day. You load and unload your bike by yourself. Long-distance trains (with suitcase symbol in timetable) have a luggage wagon, where the train staff will care of your bike, but the ticket costs 30 Kč for one train or 60 Kč for a whole day. Some trains (with squared bike or suitcase symbol in timetable) require compulsory reservation for bikes for 15 Kč at counter or 100 Kč from train staff.

Smaller pets in cages or bags may travel for free. Bigger dogs must have a muzzle and must be on a leash and you have to pay a fee.

Taksida

Ride-hailing is available in Czech Republic and the following are the most anticipated providers:

• Bolt. Ko'plab shaharlarni o'z ichiga oladi. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)
• Uber. Works in Prague. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)

Velosipedda

The Czech Republic is an excellent place for cycling. There are lots of pleasant country lanes, cycling marked paths and picturesque villages along these paths (always with a pub), it's easy to find the way, and the trains have bicycle racks in the baggage section for when you get tired. Try cycling in South Moravia region (close to Austrian borders) where you can find dozens of well-marked paths that will lead you through beautiful countryside full of vineyards, vine cellars and colourful villages.

Also border mountains (Krkonoše, Šumava, Jeseníky, etc.) are more and more popular among mountain-bikers. There are usually no fences along the trails but always keep to the roads or marked cycling paths here as these mountains are National Parks/Reserves and you can be fined if you cycle "off the beaten track".

Mapy.cz [3] is a good source for cycling information - switch the map (via Změnit mapu - Turistická) to see cycling routes in violet color.

We Bike Prague^{[ilgari o'lik havola]} offers different options of guided and self-guided bike in the Czech Republic.

Oyoqda

In addition to walking in the cities, there are a great number of hiking paths and scenery-rich trails going through the Czech Republic's forests and natural areas, and the Czech Tourist Club^{[o'lik havola]} (Klub českých turistů) has mapped and marked these trails so that walkers can easily locate and navigate thousands of kilometres of scenic paths, in fact it is probably the best maintained system of marking in Europe. You can buy maps of their paths on their website [4], or in the Czech Republic in most bookstores, tobacco shops or museums (green maps, marked with the organization's symbol and the words EDICE TURISTICKÝCH MAP KČT 1:50000 [5] at the top). These maps are based on military maps and very accurate. It's also possible to go by train to a small village at the edge of a forest and find the on-site map of the surrounding area, and four possible paths will be visible, marked in red, yellow, green, and blue nice tourist maps [6]. Nearby such a map will be a set of directing signs, usually posted to a tree, pointing the direction on any of the coloured paths. The path's colour will be marked on trees throughout the path: three short horizontal bars, the outer two white and the innermost the colour of the path you're on. This symbol at times will appear as an arrow, indicating a turn. Bus and train stops will also be indicated on signs. You can also register to become a member [7] of the Czech Tourist Club, where you can camp for 30–50 Kč a night in cottages [8] around the Czech Republic.

Bosh barmog'i bilan

Hitchhiking is very common and some drivers stop even on places where they shouldn't.

Take care to use very a clear gesture with the thumb pointing upwards. A gesture looking like you are pointing to the ground may be mistaken for prostitution solicitation.

As a word of advice, if you are hitch-hiking through the Czech Republic from the south to the German town of Dresden, never go to or past Prague unless you are in a ride going all the way to Dresden. Prague itself has no major and continuous beltway, so residents of the area must maneuver a ring of major and local roads to get around the city from south to north. Therefore, the great majority of traffic you will encounter is going into the city. Past Prague, the major highway turns into a two-lane mountain road through local villages, in which again, the great majority of traffic is local and international travelers are hesitant to stop.

Try a letter-sized (A4) piece of paper with the destination written on it so it is clearly visible where you would like to go. See some other Tips for hitchhiking.

By thumb with pet

It is possible to hitch-hike with smaller dog, although "waiting time" will be longer. Expect another dog in the car.

Gapir

See also: Czech phrasebook, Slovak phrasebook

The main language spoken is, not surprisingly, Chex. The Slovak language can often be heard, as there is a sizable Slovak minority and both languages are mutually intelligible up to a certain point. Czech people are very proud of their language, and thus, even in Prague you will not find many signs written in English (outside of the main tourist areas). Many older people, especially outside the large cities, are also unable to converse in English, so it's good to learn some Czech or Slovak before your arrival. However, most young people speak at least some English.

Most Czechs speak a second and often a third language. English is the most widely known, with German the most widely spoken second language among older people. Ruscha was compulsory in all schools during the communist era so most people born before c. 1975 speak at least some Russian (and often pretty well). However the connection with the communist era and the Soviet-led invasion in 1968 has given this language some negative connotations. Other languages, like French or Spanish, are also taught in some schools.

The Czech and Slovak languages are very difficult for English-speakers to grasp, especially if you're not really familiar with the other Slavic languages, including Russian. However, if you can learn the alphabet (and the corresponding letters with accents), then pronunciation is easy as it is always the same - Czechs and Slovaks pronounce every letter of a word, with the stress falling on the first syllable. The combination of consonants in some words may seem mind-bogglingly hard, but it is worth the effort!

The Czech language has many local dialects, especially in Moravia. Some dialects are so different that they can sometimes be misunderstood even by a native Czech speaker from a different region. However all Czech people understand the standard Czech (as spoken in TV, written in newspapers and taught in schools) and should be able to speak it (but some are too proud to stop using their local dialect). Some of them are even unable to speak standard Czech but write it correctly.

The vocabularies of Czech and Slovak are similar, with occasional words not understood. The younger generation born after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia is growing apart in the two separate countries, and they have problems understanding one another.

Sotib oling

Pul

Exchange rates for Czech koruny 2020 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra: US$1 ≈ 23 Kč €1 ≈ 25 Kč UK£1 ≈ 30 Kč Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com

The currency of the Czech republic is the koruna (crown), plural koruny yoki korun, "belgisi bilan belgilanadiKč"(ISO kodi: CZK). The ISO code is often used internationally and locally, but the local symbol is Kč (for Koruna česká). However, you will more often see amounts just chalked up like "37,-" without "Kč" added at all.

One koruna is made up of 100 haléř (haléřů), but coins have only been issued in whole koruna values since October 2008.

Coins are issued in 1 Kč, 2 Kč, 5 Kč (all stainless steel), 10 Kč (copper-coloured), 20 Kč (brass-coluored) and 50 Kč (copper-coloured ring, brass-coloured centre) denominations. Notes are issued in 100 Kč (aqua), 200 Kč (orange), 500 Kč (red), 1,000 Kč (purple), 2,000 Kč (olive green) and 5,000 Kč (green-purple). See some banknote samples [9]. 20 Kč and 50 Kč banknotes, haléř coins, and older-style 1,000 Kč and 5,000 Kč banknotes from 1993 are no longer legal tender.

Some major stores (mainly bigger chains) will accept euros, and it's also fairly common for accommodation providers to quote the price in euros. At shopping areas along the Austrian border and petrol stations in the whole country change is given in euros, but supermarkets and similar stores in downtown Prague (and probably other cities) return only Kč, even though they accept euros.

Currency exchange

Never exchange money on the street. Also, if you're in Prague, don't exchange it in the tourist-oriented exchange offices. The "real" exchange rate you should be looking for can be found Bu yerga. There is no "black market" with better rates, but there is a good chance you'll end up with a roll of worthless paper. Be very careful when you are exchanging money at a small exchange kiosk. They try to use tricks in order to give you a bad exchange rate. Ask for the total amount you will get and recompute it by yourself. Do not trust "0% commission" in big letter signs (often there is an "only when selling CZK" amendment in small letters, and buying koruny still includes a commission). On this [10] website you can get good overview of reliable exchange places and rates.

Generally, exchange offices at airports, rail stations and main tourist streets do not offer a good rate. Local people exchange money in exchange offices in less frequented areas, such as around the "Politických vězňů", "Opletalova" or "Kaprova" streets. In some cases, one can get a better rate by using ATMs instead of changing cash. In a pinch, you can also try a bank such as Česká spořitelna - there will be a small commission but the rates are much better than those in the "tourist trap" exchange offices.

Major stores throughout the country accept Visa and EC/MC, as do all the tourist stores in Prague.

Tips

Although it is customary to tip in the Czech Republic, it has very little to do with the size of the bill, and more to do with a sign of appreciation. It is common to round up the bill by a few crowns to make it even. Away from places regularly visited by foreigners, leaving a "tip" on a table after a meal at a restaurant is not the usual practice; locals may even object to it.

Tipping in tourist restaurants is a standard 10%, and is not normally added to the bill. Don't be confused by the percentage figures listed at the bottom of the bill - by Czech law, a receipt must show the VAT paid (21% in most cases) - the VAT is already included in the final amount, and you should add 10% to this. It is normal practice to give the waiter the tip oldin you leave the table. Tipping is emas obligatory - if you weren't satisfied with services offered, don't bother tipping.

Qarang

UNESCO sites

• Prague, the capital with its incredible historic center (and famous monuments such as the Astronomical Clock, Charles Bridge, and Prague Castle).
• Olomouc, a vibrant university town with the second largest historic center after Prague.
• Český Krumlov - beautiful city with castle.
• Holašovice - preserved baroque village
• Telč - well preserved renaissance town
• Zelená Hora - unique baroque church
• Litomyšl - reneissance chateau and historic centre
• Kutná Hora - silver mining town with gothic cathedral and other sights.
• Vila Tugendhat in Brno
• Třebíč - preserved Jewish quarter
• Lednice-Valtice Area - cultural landscape - chateaus, castles, ponds, gardens...
• Kroměříž - Arcbishop Palace and garden

Castles and chateaux

There are more than 2000 castles, castle ruins and chateaux in the Czech Republic. Wherever you are in the Czech Republic, there will be some castle or chateaux nearby.

Qal'alar

Iconic landmarks of the Czech landscape are castles. Often situated on top of the hill, from most of the castles is beautiful view to countryside. Some of those castles are just ruins, but some castles are well-preserved with old interiors, furniture etc. Most picturesque and interesting are for example: Loket Castle, Karlštejn Castle, Kost Castle, Rabí Castle ruin, Český Šternberk Castle, Bezděz Castle, Křivoklát Castle, Bouzov Castle and Pernštejn Qal'a

Chateaux

Renaissance, baroque or neo-classical, possibly every Czech town has its own chateau. Masalan: Konopiště Chateau, Valtice Chateau, Lednice Chateau, Hluboká nad Vltavou Chateau, Kuks Chateau, Mikulov Chateau, Vranov nad Dyjí Chateau, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou Chateau, Červená Lhota Chateau, Děčín Chateau and Orlík Chateau.

Cherkovlar

The Czech Republic is a land of many great cathedrals. Perhaps the most important one is the Gothic St. Vitus Cathedral at the Prague Castle. It has a great importance for the Czech nation as a coronation place of Bohemian kings and also the place of their last rest. It contains treasury for the most precious relics of the kingdom and remains of patron saint Wenceslaus.

Another Gothic jewel is the monumental St. Barbara's Church ning Kutná Hora, a part of YuNESKO cultural heritage. St. Barbara is a patron of miners, which is particularly appropriate in Kutná Hora, which gained its wealth and fame in the Middle Ages due to rich silver mines.

Among other highlights are St. Bartholomew's Cathedral yilda Pilsen, Cathedral of the Holy Spirit yilda Hradec Králové, Saint Wenceslas Cathedral yilda Olomouc va Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul yilda Brno.

Monasteries

• Kladruby Monastery
• Brevnov Monastery
• Plasy Monastery - cistercian
• Vyssi Brod Monastery

Pilgrim places

• Svata Hora u Pribrami
• Hostyn

Milliy bog'lar

• Krkonoše NP
• Šumava NP
• Bohemian Switzerland NP
• Podyjí NP

Protected Landscape Areas

Beautiful landscape areas include Bohemian Paradise, České Středohoří, Křivoklátsko, Třeboňsko, Beskydy Mountains, Jeseníky Mountains.

Countryside

The countryside across the Czech Republic is unspoilt and is dotted with many picturesque little villages.

Boshqalar

• The Macocha Caves, north of Brno, are definitely worth a visit. You can take a guided tour into the caves, which will take you through a myriad of winding tunnels, with close up views of stalactites and stalagmites. The tour ends with a boat ride on an underground river.
• The Battle of Austerlitz - Slavkovské bojiště is one of the most important events in the history of Europe in the 19th century.
• Technical museum in Brno (nice and modern)
• Lakes under Palava (mountains). This lakes are actually river dams but good for sailing and fishing (you must have fishing license) it's full of big fishes.
• Mikulčice archaeological site, site of the former capital of the Great Moravian Empire (c. 900 AD).

Qil

Piyoda yurish

Czech Republic has an excellent and sophisticated system of trail blazing, marked trails are about everywhere. Choose an area, buy a hiking map for the area (best brand is "Klub českých turistů", 1:50000 military based maps covering the whole country, available in most large bookstores) and go.Marked trails can also be seen on Seznam online maps - tourist paths are marked green, red, blue or yellow.

Suzish

Many places in the Czech Republic are great for swimming, and there are many designated public swimming areas (called koupaliště). A list of places suitable for swimming is available here: [11]. However, in hot weather, the quality of the water in some places can fall below EU standard regulations.

Nudism/naturism

Although the Czech Republic is a land-locked country, it does have a lot of nudist/naturist beaches near lakes. A full list is available here: [12]. Full nudity on other beaches is legal, but rare, and usually only happens in non-crowded places.

Yemoq

In a vast majority of better restaurants located in major cities you can pay by credit card (EC/MC, VISA), but don't be surprised if a few will not accept them. Make sure to check the door for respective card logos when entering the restaurant or ask the waiter before ordering. Czechs sometimes use special meal tickets (stravenky) to pay in some restaurants - these are tax-preferred and subsidised by employers. You won't get these tickets unless you get a job in the Czech Republic, just don't be surprised when you see them.

Traditional local food

See also: Central European cuisines

Traditional Czech food is hearty and suitable after a hard day in the fields. It is heavy and quite fatty, and is excellent in the winter. There is now a trend towards more light food with more vegetables, now the traditional heavy and fatty Czech food is usually not eaten everyday and some people avoid it entirely. However nothing goes as well with the excellent Czech beer as some of the best examples of the traditional Czech cuisine, like pork, duck, or goose with knedlíky (dumplings) and sauerkraut.

A traditional main meal of a day (usually lunch) consists of two or three dishes. The first dish is hot soup (polévka). The second dish is the most important part, very often based on some meat and side-dish (both served on the same plate). The third, optional part is either something sweet (and coffee) or small vegetable salad or something similar.

Czech cuisine knows many different kinds of soup (polévka). The most common are bramboračka - potato soup (sometimes with forest mushrooms), hovězí vývar - clear beef soup (sometimes s játrovými knedlíčky - with liver dumplings), gulášovka - thick goulash soup, zelňačka - thick and sour cabbage soup, česnečka (strong garlic soup, very healthy and tasty, but do not eat this before kissing), kulajda - thick soup with forest mushrooms and milk, hrášková polévka from young green peas, čočková polévka from lentils, fazolačka from beans, rajská polévka - tomato soup, and many others. A special case not to everyone's tastes is dršťková polévka (tripe soup). Rybí polévka - thick fish soup made from carps (including its head, some innards, roe and sperm) is the traditional soup of the Christmas Dinner.

Some soups are eaten with bread, sometimes small croutons are put inside the soup just before eating. Soup can be also eaten as the only dish, especially for a smaller dinner.

The second dish (main course, hlavní jídlo) of a meal is (in the traditional cuisine) often the famous heavy and fatty part, very often based on pork, but also mol go'shti, tovuq, duck, or other meat. Important part of most main courses is side-dish (the whole dish including the side-dish is served on one plate) - usually cooked or baked potatoes, fries, rice, pasta or the most typical side-dish of the Czech cuisine - knedlíky.

Knedlíky (usually translated as dumplings) come in many different kinds. Most kinds are used as side-dish, however some kinds with filling are used as dish by itself. The most common type, always used as side-dish, are houskové knedlíky (bread dumplings). These are cooked in a shape of a cylinder, which is then cut into round slices about 8 cm in diameter remotely resembling white bread. Houskové knedlíky are served with Czech classics such as guláš, similar to Hungarian goulash but with a thinner sauce and less spicy; Svíčková na smetaně, beef sirloin with a creamy root vegetable (carrot, celeriac, parsnip) sauce, served with a tablespoon of cranberry sauce, a slice of orange and whipped cream; Vepřová pečeně se zelím a knedlíkem locally named as Vepřo-knedlo-zelo, the combination of roast pork, knedlíky and sauerkraut. The latter combines very well with the world-famous Czech beer, the major brands being Pilsner Urquell, Gambrinus, Budvar, Staropramen, Velkopopovický Kozel and Krušovice. If you are lucky enough to enter a pub serving Svijany, you should definitely order it, as it is believed to be one of the most delicious brands worldwide.

Another common kind is bramborové knedlíky (potato dumplings), the slices are smaller, more yellow in color, and are also always served as a side-dish. A typical combination is roasted meet (pork or lamb for example) with spinach and bramborové knedlíky or duck with sauerkraut and bramborové knedlíky (or combination of bramborové and houskové knedlíky). Less common are chlupaté knedlíky (hairy dumplings, but there are no hairs, don't panic), which are not sliced but cooked in shape of balls. They are also usually served with roasted meat and either sauerkraut or spinach.

Other Czech dishes include pečená kachna, roast duck again served with bread or potato dumplings, and red and white sauerkraut; moravský vrabec, known as 'Moravian Sparrow', but which is in fact pork cooked in garlic and onions; smažený kapr, fried carp breaded and served with a very rich potato salad and eaten on Christmas Eve; pečené vepřové koleno, roast pork knee, served with mustard and fresh horseradish; bramborák, garlicky potato pancakes; smažený sýr, breaded deep-fried edam (the most popular pishloq in the Czech Republic) served with boiled potatoes or french fries and tartar sauce; párek v rohlíku, long, thin hot dogs with crusty rolls and mustard or ketchup. If you must, you can always get hranolky - french fries. And of course, the ubiquitous zelí (raw cabbage), which is served with absolutely everything. Game is also very good, and includes dishes such as kančí, wild boar, bažant, pheasant and jelení yoki daňčí, both types of venison. These are almost always served either with dumplings and red and white cabbage, or as guláš.

Don't expect a wide selection of zelenina, vegetables, unless in the countryside - peppers, tomatoes and cabbage are the most commonly-seen side dishes, often served as a small garnish.

Visitors may be surprised when they find "American potatoes" on the menu. These are actually potato wedges, usually spiced.

Meals you usually don't get in restaurants

Generally, probably the best place to really try the Czech cuisine is to be invited for such a meal to somebody's home. However, it is not so easy, because people today tend to prepare simpler and more international foods. Traditional Czech cuisine is often reserved to Sundays or some holidays or prepared by old grandma when her children visit her. This is not a rule, but it is a common situation. In common restaurants, even the better ones, the traditional Czech food usually does not match what the old granny serves. This does not mean that the food is bad or not tasty, but it is missing something that the home preparation can provide. In luxurious restaurants specialized in Czech cuisine, the food can be excellent, but the luxurious style and creative improvements by the chef often do not match the style of the old granny. Again, this is not a hard rule. Sometimes you can compliment the food in a restaurant "as if my grandma prepared it."

There are some dishes that are usually not served in any restaurants or pubs, are usually made at home and are worth trying if you have the opportunity. Brambory na loupačku ("potatoes to be peeled") is a cheap and simple meal usually made in the countryside. Whole unpeeled potatoes are cooked in a big pot and put in the pot itself or a bowl on the table. You just take a hot potato from the pot, peel it yourself, put some salt, butter, and/or curd (tvaroh) on it and eat it. Drink it down with lot of cold milk. For such a simply meal it can be incredibly tasty, especially when eaten in the countryside after a day spent outside and chatting over it.

Picking mushrooms in forests is a very popular activity in the Czech Republic. Probably not surprisingly, collected mushrooms are eaten then. In restaurants, usually only cultivated mushrooms are used. If forest mushrooms are served in a restaurant, then usually only as a minor addition to a meal. Homemade mushroom meals are a completely different story. A classic example is Smaženice (the name is based on the verb 'smažit' - to fry), also known as míchanice (to mix) - forest mushrooms, the more kinds the better, are sliced to small pieces, mixed and stewed (with some fat, onion, and caraway). Later, eggs are added to the mixture. Smaženice is served with bread. Smažené bedly are whole caps of parasol mushrooms coated in breadcrumbs and fried. Černý kuba (so'zma-so'z black jimmy) is a traditional Christmas fasting meal made from dried mushrooms and peeled barley. Houbová omáčka (mushroom sauce), served with meat and bread dumplings is also popular. Fresh or dried mushrooms make also a nice addition to bramboračka s houbami (potato soup with mushrooms). Kulajda is a soup from mushrooms and cream. Soups and sauces are the most likely forest mushroom meals to find in a restaurant, because they contain relatively small amount of mushrooms.

If you want to pick mushrooms by yourself, be careful. There are hundreds of species, some of them very tasty, some merely edible, but some poisonous or even deadly. There is also a species used as a hallucinogenic drug. A tasty and edible species may look very similar to a deadly species. If you do not know mushrooms very well, you should be accompanied by an experienced mushroom-picker.

Beer snacks

Also try traditional beer snacks, often the only food served in some pubs (hospoda, pivnice), and designed to be washed down by a good beer:

• Utopenec - (means 'drowned man' in Czech) a pickled sausage with onion, garlic and other vegetables and spices.
• Zavináč - (rollmop) a slice of pickled fish, most often herring or mackerel, rolled-up and filled with various pickled vegetables (sauerkraut, onion, sometimes carrot or pepper).
• Tlačenka s cibulí - (brawn with onion) a slice of haggis-like meat pudding, sprinkled with vinegar and garnished with fresh onion slices. Beware, can be rather acidic due to vinegar.
• Nakládaný Hermelín - pickled Brie-like pishloq, often marinated with garlic and chilli.
• Pivní sýr - beer cheese - a soft cheese, with a strong, Cheddar-like flavour. You should add a splash of beer to the cheese, and then mash it all together, and serve it on traditional Czech bread - Šumava (the name of a region in South Bohemia) is the most common bread, a very tasty dense loaf made from rye and carroway seeds.
• Tvarůžky yoki Syrečky - traditional cheese with a very strong aroma, and very much an acquired taste. Often served deep-fried, but can be eaten alone, just with some chopped onion, mustard and bread. Sometimes also marinated in beer ('syrečky v pivu'). This cheese naturally contains almost no fat (less than 1%).
• Romadur - traditional cheese with strong aroma. Aroma is similar to Tvarůžky, but Romadur is different type of cheese.
• Matesy s cibulí - (soused herring) cold fish served with onions.

If you want a warm, bigger, and more complicated meal which goes excellently with beer, get some of the typical Czech meals based on fatty meat (pork, duck, or goose) with sauerkraut and knedlíky (dumplings). Another excellent option is a whole pork knee with horseradish and bread (ovarové koleno s křenem).

Sweets

Czechs like sweets but consumer patterns are different compared to France, USA or the UK. As everywhere some traditional treats have become a mass-market production for tourists, others are pretty difficult to find.

On the street

• Lázeňské oplatky - spa wafers from Mariánské Lázně and Karlovy Vary (major spa towns in Western Bohemia, better known by their German names of Marienbad and Karlsbad) are meant to be eaten while "taking the waters" at a spa, but they're good on their own, too. Other major spas are Karlova Studánka (favourite destination of Václav Havel - former Czechoslovakian president), Františkovy Lázně, Jánské Lázně, Karviná, Teplice and Luhačovice. You will find them most easily not only in spa resorts but also in Prague. Have them either out of the box on your own or heated and iced with sugar, cinnamon, etc..
• Trdlo or trdelník - is available in dedicated sell-points in the streets of Prague. It is a medieval style sweet roll made from eggs and flour. However, it has no real connection to the country and only appeared in Prague in the 1990s.

In restaurants

• Jablkový závin yoki štrůdl, apple strudel, often served warm with whipped cream.
• Medovník - a newcomer having quickly spread in most restaurants. A brown high cake made of gingerbread, honey and walnuts.
• Ovocné knedlíky - fruit stuffed dumplings served either as main course or a filling dessert. The smaller ones ('tvarohové') come with plum, apple or apricot filling, the bigger ones ('kynuté') come with strawberries, blueberries, povidla (plum jam) or toher fruits. Knedlíky are served with melted butter, iced with tvaroh (curd cheese) and sugar, and topped with whipped cream.
• Palačinka - not much in common with French crepes, these pancakes are usually thicker and served with a wide choice of fillings including chocolate, ice-cream, fruit and whipped cream.

Cukrárna

Also try the wide variety of rich cream cakes usually found in a Kavárna (a cafe), or a Cukrárna (a shop which sells all things sweet together with ice cream and drinks, found throughout the Czech Republic and often the only place open in small towns and villages on Sundays). Czech cakes are similar to their Viennese cousins due to the shared history of both countries under the Austro-Hungarian empire. Also sample Vídeňská káva (Viennese coffee), coffee served with a mountain of whipped cream.

• Rakvička (so'zma-so'z a little coffin) is a light crispy biscuit with cream,
• Větrník is a round French éclair style cream cake,
• Punčák is a rum soaked yellow/pink biscuit sugar-glazed cake,
• Laskonka is a coconut and cream based sandwich cake, and many more!

Home made

• Bábovka - a traditional cake, similar to marble cake, fairly dry, and usually served dusted with icing sugar.
• Buchty - (singular Buchta)traditional buns filled with tvaroh (curd cheese), mák (poppy seeds), or povidla (plum jam)
• Koláče - (singular Koláč) rather popular flat tarts topped with various sweet fillings like tvaroh, povidla, mák, fruit jams, chopped apples and nuts. Their size ranges from bite-sized ('svatební koláčky') to pizza-sized, which often contain several fillings combined into an elaborate pattern ('Chodský koláč' or 'frgál').

Vegetarian food

Finding a vegetarian meal in the Czech Republic is not as difficult now as it once was. In tourist areas at least, such as Prague and the Bohemian Paradise, most restaurant menus contain a vegetarian meals category (bezmasá jídla yoki vegetariánská jídla) with 2-3 options. People may have their own interpretation of 'vegetarian' though, and it is not uncommon to find dishes such as "broccoli bacon" or prawns listed under "vegetarian meals".In traditional restaurants the choice in vegetarian food is usually limited to fried cheese, dumplings (knedlíky), omelette, potatoes (cooked, baked, fried or as 'potato pancakes') and sometimes a Greek salad or cooked vegetables. Vegetables practically always have to be ordered separately, even if they appear to be part of the dish: e.g. the vegetables listed in a menu option called "potato pancakes with vegetables" are most likely a garniture consisting of a few leaves of lettuce and a slice of tomato.

Bigger towns have foreign cuisine restaurants, mostly Italian and Chinese, which can serve you meat-free dishes such as vegetarian pasta.

Ichish

Beer

The Czech Republic is the country where modern beer (pivo in Czech) was invented (in Plzeň). Czechs are the heaviest beer drinkers in the world, drinking about 160 litres of it per capita per year. Going to a cosy Czech pub for dinner and a few beers is a must!

The best-known export brands are Pilsner Urquell (Plzeňský Prazdroj), Budweiser Budvar (Budějovický Budvar) and Staropramen (freely translatable as "Oldspring"). Other major brands which are popular domestically include Gambrinus, Kozel, Bernard (a small traditional brewery, with very high quality beer), Radegastva Starobrno (made in Brno, the capital of Moravia). Other fantastic beers worth tasting are Svijany va Dobřanská Hvězda. Although many Czechs tend to be very selective about beer brands, tourists usually don't find a significant difference. And remember, real Czech beer is only served on tap – bottled beer is a completely different experience. High-quality beer can almost certainly be found in a hospoda yoki hostinec, very basic pubs which serve only beer and light snacks. Ofitsiant oldingizga kelganda o'tirib, ichimliklaringizga buyurtma bering - ichimliklarga buyurtma berish uchun barga borish - bu ingliz odati! Ammo ehtiyot bo'ling, pivo bilan ishlash uning brendidan ham muhimroq. Yomon barmen hatto ajoyib pivoni ham butunlay buzishi mumkin. Eng yaxshi garov - bu mahalliy pivo ixlosmandlaridan yaxshi pab haqida so'rash yoki ularga qo'shilish.

Pivo ba'zida Platon (P / °) darajasida o'lchanadigan asl shakar miqdori bilan ro'yxatga olinadi. Farq, odatda, oxirgi alkogol tarkibida ko'rinadi. Oddiy pivo taxminan 10 ° (Gambrinus va Staropramen kabi, natijada ABV 4% ni tashkil qiladi), lager 12 ° (Pilsner Urquell kabi, taxminan 4.75% ABV ni tashkil qiladi). Ikkinchisi kuchliroq va qimmatroq, shuning uchun buyurtma berishda qaysi birini xohlashingizni belgilashingiz kerak.

Chexiya lageri boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlarda topilgan gazlangan lagerlarga o'xshamaydi. Buning o'rniga u juda kuchli, hoppi, deyarli achchiq ta'mga ega va o'rdak yoki cho'chqa go'shti va köfte yoki kuchli kabi og'ir ovqatlar bilan juda yaxshi mos keladi. pishloqlar. Xizmat qilayotganda har doim tepasida qalin boshi bor, lekin u orqali ichishdan qo'rqmang, u kulgili va baribir asta-sekin yo'q bo'lib ketadi, shunga qaramay, yangi sovuq ta'mi kabi pivoni juda sekin ichmang (ayniqsa issiq yozda) tezda o'chib ketadi - "haqiqiy" chexiyalik biluvchilar bu "jirkanch echki" ni, ular aytganidek, ham tugatishmaydi.

Do'konlarda sotib olingan to'g'ri pivo faqat choyshab tojli qopqoqli yarim litrli jigarrang shisha idishlarda. Tajribali tuproqli pivo ichuvchilar uni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shishadan ichishadi. Ba'zi pivo zavodlari katta (ikki yoki 1,5 litrli) plastik butilkalarni ham tarqatishadi, ammo ular biroz vahshiy hisoblanadi va chexlar tomonidan tanazzulga uchraydi, yaxshi pivo zavodlari esa bunday shaklni masxara qiladi. Shuningdek, choyshab pivosi o'zga sayyoralik sifatida qabul qilinadi.

Vino

Vino (víno Chex tilida) yana bir mashhur ichimlik, xususan mamlakat janubi-sharqidagi Moraviyadan sharob, bu erda tokzorlarga iqlimi ko'proq mos keladi. Oq sharoblar eng yaxshisidir, chunki o'sish sharoitlari ular uchun qulayroqdir. Oq sharob uchun sinab ko'ring Veltlínské zelené (Yashil Veltliner), Muskát moravský (Moravian Muscatel), Ryzlink rinskiy (Reyn Risling) yoki Tramin (Traminer), yoki kabi qizil sharob Frankovka (Blaufrankisch), Modrí Portugaliya (Mamlakat emas, uzum nomi bilan atalgan Moviy Portugaliya), yoki Svatovavřinecké (Avliyo Lourens). Muzli sharobni ham sinab ko'ring (ledové víno) uzumni uzumzorda yoki muzqaymoq sharobida qotib qolganidan keyin yig'ib olinganda (slámové víno) uzumni somonda pishishiga qoldirish orqali qilingan) - bu vinolar qimmatroq va shirin vinolarga o'xshaydi. Bohemiya Sekt shuningdek, chexlar orasida mashhur bo'lib, Lambruskoga o'xshash arzon va shirin va gazlangan sharob bo'lib, tantanalarda ichiladi. Sharob uchun eng yaxshi joylar sharob baridir (vinarna) yoki sharob do'koni (vinoteka) ba'zida kichik bar maydoniga ega.

Ruhlar

Ruhlar uchun harakat qilib ko'ring Becherovka (Jägermeisterga o'xshash o'tli likyor, chinnigullar va dolchin aralashmalarining ta'mi va ovqat hazm qilish vositasi sifatida ichiladi), dilovice (olxo'ri brendi, tanlab olish uchun juda mashhur), hruskovice (armut brendi, Slivovice'dan kam olovli) va boshqalar. Ruhlar deyarli barcha mevalardan (olxo'ri, shaftoli, gilos, shlyuz va boshqalar) tayyorlanadi. Chexiya noyob tuzemskiy rum (shunga o'xshash brendlar ostida sotiladigan Kuba romi kabi shakar qamishidan emas, balki shakar lavlagi ishlab chiqarilgan Tuzemak Evropa Ittifoqining bozor qoidalariga muvofiq). Ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki barchasi taxminan 40% spirtli ichimliklardir.

Spirtsiz

Odatda, mevali gazlangan suvlar (shuningdek, koks suvlari) nomlanadi limonada Bohemiyada yoki sodovka Moraviyada. Qishloq va piyoda sayr qilish joylarida odatiy pablarda har xil turdagi "limonadalar" qoralamasi juda arzon va mavjud bo'lgan ichimlik edi. Endi, odatda, qimmatroq "Kola-Fanta-Sprite" tanlovi yoki Kofola shishasi yoki shishasi mavjud. Kofola, koksga o'xshash ichimlik ham juda mashhur va ba'zi chexlar bu kommunistlarning ularga bergan eng yaxshi narsasi ekanligini aytishadi.

Mineral suvlar mashhur, ammo kuchli mineral ta'mga ega. Sinab ko'ring Mattoni, yoki Magnesiya, ikkalasi ham odatdagi suvga o'xshash ta'mga ega va hali ham sog'lig'ingizga foydali deb da'vo qiladilar. Agar siz pufakchalarni xohlasangiz, so'rang perlivá. Agar gazsiz bo'lishini istasangiz, iltimos qiling neperlivá. Ba'zan ko'rishingiz mumkin jemně perlivá - bu "ozgina pufakchalangan" suv. Ko'plab restoranlarda "gazlangan suv" va "gazlangan mineral suv" o'rtasida farq yo'q. Gazlangan suv (lazzatsiz) an'anaviy ravishda nomlanadi sodovka (sodová voda, sodali suv) Bohemiyada va sifon Moraviyada.

Odatda, shuningdek, ba'zi meva sharbatlari taklif etiladi.

Restoran va ko'plab pablar ham taklif qilishadi choy va kofe. Qahvaning asosiy shakli bu turecká káva (Turkiy kofe), lekin unga damlatilgan kofe yoki eriydigan kofe yoki sutli kofe, ayniqsa ko'pirtirilgan krem ​​(vídeňská káva, Vena qahvasi) qo'shiladi. Kafelarda kengroq assortiment taklif etiladi (kavarna) yoki choy xonalari (chajovna). Kafelarga, ayniqsa, qariyalar, ayollar yoki ziyolilar tashrif buyurishadi, choy xonalari sharqqa yo'naltirilgan atmosferaga ega va alkogolsiz yoshlar orasida so'nggi o'n yilliklarda juda mashhur.

Ko'plab temir yo'l va metro stantsiyalarida va boshqa joylarda alkogolsiz sovuq va issiq ichimliklar 24 soat savdo avtomatlarida mavjud.

Boshqalar

Restoran va pablar suvni bepul taklif qilmaydi. Pivo milliy ichimlik bo'lgani uchun, odatda, siz sotib olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan eng arzon ichimlik bo'lib, narxi 15-60 Kč (€0.50-2) pabning sayyohlar uchun jozibadorligiga qarab yarim litr uchun. Ichimliklar sizning stolingizga keltiriladi va ko'pincha har bir ichimlik sizning oldingizda stolda saqlanadigan kichkina qog'oz varag'ida belgilanadi, shuning uchun siz bor narsangizni hisoblab chiqishingiz mumkin. Ketishga tayyor bo'lgach, ofitsiantdan hisobni so'rang - u qog'ozni qog'ozdagi belgilar soniga qarab hisoblab chiqadi. Odatda band bo'lgan pablarda stollarni bo'lishish odatiy holdir va chexiyaliklar so'rashadi Je tu volno? (Bu joy bo'shmi?), O'tirishdan oldin.

Shuningdek harakat qilib ko'ring svařák, barcha pablarda va ochiq havoda Rojdestvo bozorlarida issiq issiq sharob, grog, limon bo'lagi bilan xizmat qilgan issiq rom va suv - ta'mga shakar qo'shing va medovina, mead, yana odatda issiq xizmat qiladi va ayniqsa sovuq qish bozorida isinish uchun juda yaxshi. Va nihoyat, agar siz Moraviyaga boradigan bo'lsangiz, harakat qilib ko'ring burčak, faqat yoz oxirida yoki kuzning boshlarida topilgan mutaxassislik. Bu juda oq sharob, odatda oq rang, sharob juda shirin va ichish juda yumshoq bo'lganida, bulutli, sharob ishlab chiqarishda hali ham fermentatsiya bosqichidir. U oshqozonda fermentatsiyani davom ettiradi, shuning uchun uni ichish paytida alkogolning tarkibi noma'lum, ammo u odatda yuqori, sizning ustingizda paydo bo'ladi va u juda g'amgin. Chexlarning ta'kidlashicha, uni uzumzordan yangi ichish kerak, va ko'plab kichik xususiy vino ishlab chiqaruvchilar bunga ishtiyoq bilan qarashadi, sharob sharob yetib kelguncha tunni kutishadi. "burčák" bosqich. Buni mamlakat bo'ylab o'tkaziladigan sharob festivallarida, ba'zan esa bozorlarda yoki sharob barlarida ham ko'rishingiz mumkin.

Ish

Evropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari Chexiya Respublikasida ishlashga ruxsatnomasiz ishlashlari mumkin (sizning ish beruvchingiz ish joyingiz boshida sizni Mehnat idorasida ro'yxatdan o'tkazishi kerak); aks holda, sizga ishchi vizasi kerak bo'ladi.

Praga, ehtimol, chet elliklar uchun ish izlash uchun eng yaxshi joy bo'lishi mumkin, chunki ko'p millatli va ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan kompaniyalar juda ko'p. Talab yuqori bo'lganligi sababli ingliz tilini o'rgatadigan ishga joylashish ham oson. Ishsizlik darajasi Evropa Ittifoqida eng past ko'rsatkichdir, shuning uchun Pragada ish o'rniga uzoq muddatli turar joy topish qiyinroq kechishi mumkin.

Ish qidirish uchun eng mashhur veb-saytlar bu Jobs.cz [13] va Prace.cz [14]. Ushbu veb-saytlardan foydalanish bepul va butun mamlakat bo'ylab ofislarni qisqa muddatga ijaraga olishga imkon beradigan ko'plab moslashuvchan ofis echimlari mavjud. Masalan, qarang Regus. Shuningdek, yirik shaharlarda bir nechta kovorking joylari mavjud. Kovorking maydonlari ro'yxatiga qarang Navolnenoze.cz.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

• Taksi haydovchilari: ogohlantirish - taksidan yoki taniqli kompaniyadan (masalan, Liftago, Uber) foydalanishdan oldin narx bilan kelishib oling. Praga taksichilari sizga ko'proq pul ishlashning eng uzoq yo'lini tanlagani bilan tanilgan. Praga shahar kengashi barcha qonuniy taksilarning sariq rangga bo'yalganligini ko'rsatadigan yangi qoidalarni taqdim etdi. Jamoat transporti ham juda arzon, tezkor va ishonchli. Pragada metropoliten yarim tungacha ishlaydi, tungi tramvaylar esa butun tun davomida harakatlanadi, ularning barchasi Lazarskaning markaziy tramvay bekatida birlashadi.
• Cho'ntaklar: Cho'ntaklaringizni tomosha qiling, ayniqsa, agar odamlar ko'p bo'lsa (diqqatga sazovor joylar, metro, tramvaylar, xususan 9, 10 va 22 raqamlar). Pragada faoliyat yuritadigan ma'lum bir cho'ntak to'dalaridan ehtiyot bo'ling: ular asosan erkaklar, ba'zida ayollar ham bor; barchasi o'ta og'ir vaznga ega va sayyohlarni yo'naltirmaslik uchun ularning kattaligi va soniga tayanadi. Ular 9, 10 va 22 tramvaylarda, shuningdek markaziy metro stantsiyalarida, odatda odamlar tushish va tushish paytida yoki eskalatorlarda harakat qilishadi. Agar sizdan maxsus so'ralmasa, chiptalarni tortib olmang. Hamyoningizni va pulingizni har doim xavfsiz tarzda qulflang va bir-biringizdan ajratib turing. Ularga qarshi chiqmang, chunki ular tajovuzkor bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ko'zingizni oching. Cho'ntak uchun javobgarlikka tortish kamdan-kam uchraydi, chunki qonuniy ravishda politsiya cho'ntakni jinoyat paytida ushlashi kerak.
• Fohishalik: Chexiyada fohishabozlik noqonuniy emas. Biroq, rasmiy ravishda fohishabozlik qonuniy biznes sifatida mavjud emas. Fohishalar soliq to'lamaydilar va fohishabozlik davlat tomonidan tartibga solinmagan. Sog'liq uchun xavf juda katta bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa arzon fohishaxonalarda yoki ko'chada. Shuningdek, fohishalar o'z mijozlariga uyqu tabletkalari bilan ichimlik taklif qilishlari va ulardan hamma narsani o'g'irlashlari holatlari bo'lgan. Fohishaning yoshiga e'tibor bering, 18 yoshgacha bo'lgan odamga jinsiy aloqa uchun haq to'lash jinoiy javobgarlikka tortiladi (aks holda rozilik yoshi 15 yoshda).
• Marixuana: Chexiyada marixuana asosan noqonuniy hisoblanadi, ammo u ayniqsa yoshlar orasida juda mashhur. Agar politsiya sizni chekayotgan yoki marixuana saqlayotgan bo'lsa, ular bilan juda muloyim bo'lishni xohlaysiz. Sababi, amaldagi qonunchilikka ko'ra, faqat "kichikroqdan katta" miqdordagi marixuanaga ega bo'lish jinoiy javobgarlik hisoblanadi. "Kichikdan katta" marixuana miqdori 15 g dan oshiqroq deb belgilanadi.
• Jamiyatning kambag'al, uysiz va kam ta'minlangan qatlamlari tomonidan keng tarqalgan ba'zi hududlar xavfli hisoblanadi. Bunday joylarda cho'ntaklar, o'g'irlik yoki hatto zo'rlash xavfi biroz oshgan. Butun kvartallar Shimoliy Bohemiyaning ba'zi shaharlarida (Most, Litvinov, Usti nad Labem) yoki Ostravada ta'sir ko'rsatadi.
• Bundan tashqari, Chexiya juda xavfsiz mamlakat.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Oziq-ovqat do'konlari sotilmaydi retseptsiz beriladigan dorilar, masalan, aspirin. Siz dorixonaga borishingiz kerak (lékárna), odatda ochiq M-F 08: 00-19: 00. Kattaroq shaharlarda 24 soatlik dorixonalar mavjud va sizga eng yaqin dorixona oynasida o'zingizga yaqin bo'lgan manzilni topishingiz kerak. Agar siz Pragada bo'lsangiz, 24 soat davomida eng markaziy ish Praga-2da - Belgicka va Rumunska ko'chalarida - ular retsept bo'yicha va retseptsiz dorilarni Rumunskadagi kichkina derazadan soatlab berishadi - agar qo'ng'iroq qiling u erda hech kim yo'q.

Müslüm suvi ichish xavfsizdir. Pragada bu juda yaxshi, ammo kichik shaharlarda xlor miqdori juda kuchli bo'lishi mumkin. Albatta, mineral suv Karlovi Vari ajoyib ta'mi!

Pragadagi obro'li shifoxona Nemocnice na Homolce, Manzil: Roentgenova 37/2, Praga 5 (tel 257 272 350). U erda ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan resepsiyonistlar bo'lgan chet elliklar klinikasi (Cizinecké oddělení) siz uchun uchrashuvlarni tayinlashi mumkin. Ko'pgina shifokorlar ingliz tilida gapirishadi va parvarish darajasi juda yuqori darajada.

Markaziy Evropa va Chexiya Respublikasining ayrim qismlari mavjud Shomil (Ixodes ricinusEnsefalit yoki Lyme Borreliozni ko'tarishi mumkin. Shomil o'tlar va butalar ichida yashirinadi, shuning uchun piyoda yurishdan keyin terining ochiq joylarini tekshirib ko'ring. Ensefalitga qarshi emlash mavjud va tavsiya etiladi. Agar siz bushwhack qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, emlanganingiz va uzun shim kiyganingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Yaxshi hasharotlarga qarshi vosita (tarkibida DEET mavjud) ham foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Shomil tanangizning har qanday yumshoq, iliq, yaxshi ifloslangan joylariga yopishishni yaxshi ko'radi (tizzalar va tirsaklarning pastki qismlari, oyoq Bilagi zo'r atroflari, bo'rilar, bo'yin sohasi, quloqlaringiz orqasida va boshqalar) va agar ular olib tashlanmasa, ular sizning emizishingizga yordam beradi. ular taxminan 1 sm o'sguncha qon. Shomilni hech qachon qirib tashlamang yoki tortib olmang, chunki unga zarar etkazish jiddiy yuqumli kasallikka olib kelishi mumkin. Shomil tezroq olib tashlansa, yuqtirish ehtimoli shunchalik kam bo'ladi. Yoki shifokorga siz uchun shomilni olib tashlashini so'rang yoki o'zingiz olib tashlashga harakat qiling: barmog'ingizni har qanday yog'li loson bilan yog'lang va bo'shashguncha shomilni u yoqdan bu yoqqa silkiting. Keyin uni drenajdan tozalang - infektsiyani oldini olish uchun uni hech qachon ezmang yoki yoqmang. Zarar ko'rgan joyni tomosha qiling: agar keyingi bir necha oy ichida u erda o'sib borayotgan qizil nuqta paydo bo'lishini ko'rsangiz, darhol shifokoringizga tashrif buyuring va unga borrelioz bilan kasallangan bo'lishingizni ayting. Bu xavfli, ammo uni dastlabki bosqichda antibiotiklar yordamida osonlikcha davolash mumkin. Borreliozga qarshi Amerika emlash, ehtimol Evropa shtammlariga qarshi ishlamaydi (B. afzelii va B. garini). Shomil ba'zida shahar bog'larida, shu jumladan Pragada ham mavjud.

Hurmat

Chexiya o'z qo'shnilari Slovakiya, Avstriya, Polsha va Vengriya bilan birga Markaziy Evropaning bir qismidir. Ko'pincha G'arbiy Evropa va Shimoliy Amerikada uni noto'g'ri "Sharqiy Evropa" mamlakati deb atashadi va Chexlarning aksariyati bu borada juda sezgir - ko'pchilik hatto ba'zi chet elliklarning johilligini "Evropaning qaysi qismi deb aytgan bo'lar edingiz?" Chexiya bormi? " Sharqiy emas, balki "Markaziy Evropa" deb javob berib, ularning yaxshi tomonlariga boring!

Chexlar chet elliklar o'z mamlakatlarini Sovet Ittifoqi yoki Rossiya imperiyasi tarkibiga kirgan deb noto'g'ri taxmin qilishganda, chexlar buni qadrlamaydilar - bu ikkalasi ham yolg'on - bu Sovet blokining bir qismi va 1918 yilgacha Avstriya-Vengriya hududi edi. Qanday qilib "bu erda hamma narsa arzon" ekanligi haqida fikr bildirish mamlakatning iqtisodiy ahvoliga nisbatan pastkashlik bilan izohlanadi.

Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyingi Chexoslovakiya kommunistik rejimi hali ham ko'pchilik uchun dolzarb masala bo'lib qolmoqda va shu mavzuda munozaralarda odamlarni xafa qilish oson.

Natsist salomini ijro etish jinoiy javobgarlik hisoblanadi.

Chexlar dunyodagi eng ateist odamlardan biri. Bu, ayniqsa, yirik Bohemiya shaharlarida to'g'ri keladi. Siz tanimaydigan odam Xudoga ishonadi yoki nasroniylikni yaxshi ko'radi deb o'ylamang. Shuni hurmat qiling va sizning diningiz ham hurmat qilinadi.

Chexlar etarlicha himoyalangan va umuman boshqalarning shaxsiy makonini hurmat qilishadi, masalan, chexlar, odatda, kimdir tanishtirmasa, begonalarni kutib olishmaydi. Siz kimgadir biror narsada yordam berishni taklif qilishingiz mumkin, masalan, og'irroq narsani ko'tarib yurish, ammo ijtimoiy axloq qoidalari buni talab qilmaydi.

Chexiya odatda tanishlar atrofida yoki do'stlik haqida gap ketganda juda oson emas. Masalan, janubiy Evropa mamlakatlarida bo'lgani kabi, suhbatlarda almashtirilgan yurak emojilarini ko'rmaysiz.

Har doim salom (Dobry den) va xayr (Na shledanou) kichkina do'konga kirganingizda va chiqqanda, u odobli.

Uy egasi oilasi bilan restoranda ovqatlanish odatiy holdir ularni qonun loyihasini olish, aksariyat G'arb standartlariga zid. Ular shunday bo'ladi deb o'ylamang - lekin buni amalga oshirganiga hayron bo'lmang.

Chexiya oilasiga kirishda har doim poyabzalingizni echib oling. Chexlar odatda uyga kirganda terlik yoki sandal kiyishadi va hech qachon tashqi oyoq kiyimlarini kiyishmaydi. Qabul qiluvchilarni oilasi qanchalik an'anaviy bo'lishiga qarab, ular gigiena choralari sifatida uy poyabzallarini darhol almashtirishingizni talab qilishlari mumkin, ammo bu kamdan-kam hollarda. Hech bo'lmaganda ular oyoqlaringizni iliq qilish uchun sizga biron bir narsani taklif qilishadi.

Chexiya shaharlari va joylarini avvalgi nemischa nomlari bilan tilga olish, yo'nalish so'rashda (masalan, České Budějovice o'rniga Budveisni nazarda tutish) chalkashlikka olib kelishi mumkin va Chexiya xalqiga nisbatan haqoratli va hurmatsizlik sifatida qaralishi mumkin.

Moraviya

Moraviyaliklarning aksariyati chexlar deb atalganidan xafa bo'lmaydi va o'zlarini ikkalasi deb bilishadi. Agar siz chex tilida gaplashmoqchi bo'lsangiz, shartlar orasidagi murakkablik va ozgina farqlardan ehtiyot bo'ling Jozibali (Bohemiya) va Esko (Chex Respublikasi). Uelslik yoki Shotlandiyalik singari Angliya deb nomlangan vataniga nisbatan xushmuomalalik qilmasligi mumkin, yoki friziyalik o'z termasini ishlatib, Gollandiya deb nomlangan mamlakatiga nisbatan qosh ko'tarishi mumkin. Jozibali (Chehemiya) butun Chexiya Respublikasiga murojaat qilish Moraviyalik tomonidan qadrlanmasligi mumkin. Ammo, Moraviyada asosiy separatistik harakatlar bo'lmaganligi va etnik mojarolar aniq bo'lmaganligi sababli, chex tilida gaplashishga urinish uchun sizni o'pish va spirtli ichimliklar bilan to'ldirish ehtimoli katta.

Ulanmoq

Dan foydalanadigan uchta asosiy uyali aloqa operatorlari mavjud GSM standarti, ularning qamrovi juda yaxshi (ba'zi bir chekka, asosan odam yashamaydigan joylardan tashqari). Agar o'zingizning operatoringiz bilan roumingdan foydalanish juda qimmatga tushsa yoki Chexiya telefon raqamiga ega bo'lishni istasangiz, an sotib olishingiz mumkin oldindan to'lanadigan anonim karta uchta asosiy operatorning istalganidan. Biroq, narxlash sxemalari odatda juda murakkab va ideal echimni topish uchun bir necha tekshiruvlar talab qilinishi mumkin (hatto oldindan to'langan kartalarda ham operatorlar turli xil sxemalarni, shu jumladan turli xil "paketlar" ni taklif qilishadi). GPRS va EDGE keng qo'llab-quvvatlanadi, 3G tarmoqlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash boshida (O2, Vodafone va T-mobile, asosan Pragada). To'rtinchi operator (U: fon) ba'zi bir standartlardan foydalanadi va siz ulardan maxsus texnik vositalarni sotib olishingiz kerak.

Hali ham bor telefon qutilari mavjud, ammo ular mobil telefonlar paydo bo'lganidan beri asta-sekin yo'q bo'lib ketmoqda. Ba'zilar hali ham tangalarni qabul qilmoqdalar, ammo ularning aksariyati oldindan to'langan maxsus telefon kartasini talab qiladi.

Siz qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz mumkin favqulodda vaziyat raqamlari har qanday telefondan bepul (hatto kartasiz). Universal shoshilinch raqam 112 funktsionaldir va undan foydalanishingiz mumkin, ammo siz faqat siz uchun haqiqiy favqulodda xizmatga murojaat qilishingiz kerak bo'lgan telefon operatoriga murojaat qilasiz. Qimmat vaqtni tejash uchun sizga kerak bo'lgan xizmatga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qo'ng'iroq qilish yaxshidir: o't o'chiruvchilar uchun 150, shoshilinch tibbiy yordam uchun 155 va shtat politsiyasi uchun 158.

Wi-fi ko'plab restoranlarda va ko'pgina kafelarda, ayniqsa katta shaharlarda mavjud. Xususan, Starbucks, KFC, Gloria Jeans Coffee va Costa Coffee-ning barcha filiallari bepul foydalanish imkoniyatini taqdim etadi. Siz ofitsiantdan parolni so'rashingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, ko'chalarda va ba'zi shaharlarda (masalan, Pragada) har bir kishi uchun bepul Wi-Fi aloqasi mavjud bo'lgan ba'zi issiq nuqtalar mavjud. Ammo bunday qamrov odatda juda sekin va ishonchsiz bo'lib, undan foydalanish uchun hisob yaratishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin (veb-brauzer va u avtomatik ravishda yo'naltirilgan sahifadan foydalangan holda). Ko'pgina yirik shaharlarda bir nechta mavjud internet-kafelar mavjud