Shveytsariya - Switzerland

	COVID-19 ma `lumot: Yuz maskalari jamoat transportida va boshqa ba'zi holatlarda majburiydir, xavfi yuqori bo'lgan mamlakatlardan sayohatchilar kirib borishlari shart karantin 14 kun davomida. Masofa, gigiena va boshqalar bo'yicha tavsiyalar qo'llaniladi. Ga qarang milliy ma'lumotlar.
	(Axborot oxirgi marta 21 iyul 2020 yil yangilangan)

Shveytsariya (Nemis: Shveyts, Frantsuz: Suisse, Italyancha: Svizzera, Romansch: Svizra), rasmiy ravishda Shveytsariya Konfederatsiyasi (Lotin: Konfederatsiya Helvetica, qaerdan "CH" qisqartmasi) tog'li mamlakat Markaziy Evropa.

Shveytsariya tog'lari bilan mashhur (Alp tog'lari janubda, Yura shimoli-g'arbiy qismida), ammo unda tepaliklar, tekisliklar va katta ko'llar joylashgan markaziy plato mavjud. Dufourspitze eng baland nuqtasi 4634 m (15203 fut) Maggiore ko'li dengiz sathidan atigi 195 m (636 fut) balandlikda va mo''tadil iqlim balandlikka qarab katta farq qiladi.

Shveytsariya, ehtimol boshqa har qanday Evropa mamlakatlariga qaraganda madaniy jihatdan xilma-xil. Tarixiy jihatdan turli mintaqalarda ustun bo'lgan to'rtta milliy tilga ega yoki kantonlar. Tegishli mamlakat bilan chegaradosh hududlarda nemis, frantsuz va italyan tillari va Romansch - shveytsariyalik kelib chiqishi romans tili - tog'li hududda gaplashadi. Graubünden. Shveytsariya shuningdek mutanosib ravishda eng katta ekspatatlar / immigrantlar soniga ega - deyarli 8,5 million aholining har to'rtinchi rezidenti (2018 yilga nisbatan 25,1%) chet el fuqarosi bo'lib, dunyoning deyarli barcha millatlari va etnik guruhlaridan iborat. Bag'rikenglik, betaraflik va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri demokratiya hamda deyarli afsonaviy boylik bilan mashhur bo'lgan Shveytsariya dunyodagi eng yuqori turmush darajalariga ega va narxlar mos keladi.

Poyabzalingizni, snoubordni yoki shunchaki yaxshi kitobni va quyoshdan saqlaydigan ko'zoynaklaringizni to'plaganingizdan qat'i nazar, Shveytsariya ajoyib bo'ron safari bo'lishi mumkin.

Mintaqalar

Siyosiy jihatdan Shveytsariya 26 ga bo'lingan kantonlar, ammo sayohatchiga quyidagi mintaqalar ko'proq foydali bo'ladi:

46 ° 36′0 ″ N 8 ° 22′59 ″ E

Shveytsariya xaritasi

The Shveytsariya Alplari sharqiy qismidagi mintaqalar bo'ylab cho'zilgan Jeneva ko'li, Valais, Bern tog 'tog'lari, ning janubiy qismi Markaziy Shveytsariya, deyarli to'liq Ticino eng janubiy qismi, janubiy qismi bundan mustasno Shveytsariyaning shimoli-sharqiva Graubünden.

Shaharlar

• 46.947237.451181 Bern (Bern) - bu juda rivojlangan xalq deyarli har bir ko'cha bo'ylab o'yin parklari bilan ajoyib tarzda saqlanib qolgan eski shahar bilan poytaxtga ega bo'lishga qanchalik yaqin bo'lsa; ajoyib restoranlar va barlar juda ko'p
• 47.556357.591922 Bazel - Germaniyaning Reynland va Qora o'rmon va Frantsuz Elzasiga sayohatchining darvozasi, Reyn daryosining ortogonal qirg'og'ida sharqdan kelib, shimol tomonga qarab boradigan, o'zgacha o'rta asrlar markazi bilan.
• 46.201176.148813 Jeneva (Jenev) - bu san'at va madaniyat markazi - bu 200 ga yaqin davlat va nodavlat tashkilotlari joylashgan xalqaro shahar, CERN-da Butunjahon Internet tarmog'i va Qizil Xoch tashkiloti (XQXQ)
• 46.687567.864344 Interlaken - Shveytsariyaning ochiq va harakatchan sport poytaxti; osmonga sakrash, bungee sakrash, piyoda yurish, oq suvda rafting va kanyonga qadar
• 46.522426.635745 Lozanna - sahna ko'rinishi, ovqatlanish, raqsga tushish, qayiqda suzish va Shveytsariyaning sharob-mamlakatlari
• 47.052598.308016 Lucerne (Luzern) - Markaziy Shveytsariyaning dastlabki tarixidagi barcha joylarga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri suv aloqasi bo'lgan asosiy shahar
• 46.004718.948487 Lugano - ajoyib eski shahar, chiroyli ko'l; ko'p Italyancha shveytsariyalik jiddiylik bilan birlashtirilgan
• 47.423389.377318 Sent-Gallen - Shveytsariyaning shimoliy-sharqidagi asosiy shahri, o'zi bilan mashhur Avliyo Gall AbbasiYuNESKOning Butunjahon merosi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan bo'lib, u juda muhim narsalar uchun eshik bo'lib xizmat qiladi Appenzell mintaqa
• 47.370288.543839 Tsyurix (Tsyurix) - Shveytsariyaning ko'ldagi eng yirik shahri, shuningdek, bank va madaniyatning yirik markazi, ko'plab restoranlar va tungi hayoti rivojlangan

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 46.89.8333331 Davos - Jahon iqtisodiy forumining yillik yig'ilishi bo'lib o'tadigan katta chang'i kurorti
• 46.6166678.0333332 Grindelvald - Eigerning etagidagi klassik kurort
• 46.49196.74613 Lavaux - Jeneva ko'li bo'yidagi teraslangan uzumzorlar mintaqasi va YuNESKO madaniy merosi
• 46.59.8333334 Sankt-Morits - yaltiroq tog 'chang'i kurorti Engadin Shveytsariyaning janubi-sharqidagi vodiy
• 46.5038.0365 Jungfrau-Aletsch - Alp tog'laridagi eng katta muzli hudud atrofidagi qo'riqlanadigan hudud; ushbu baland tog 'parki ajoyib manzaralarni taqdim etadi, shuningdek, YuNESKOning tabiiy merosi hisoblanadi
• 46.0166677.756 Zermatt - qudratli Matterhorn bazasida mashhur tog 'kurorti

Tushuning

Poytaxt	Bern
Valyuta	Shveytsariya franki (CHF)
Aholisi	8,4 million (2017)
Elektr	230 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, SEV 1011)
Mamlakat kodi	41
Vaqt zonasi	UTC 01:00
Favqulodda vaziyatlar	112 (shoshilinch xizmat), 117 (politsiya), 118 (o't o'chirish bo'limi), 144 (shoshilinch tibbiy yordam xizmatlari), 1414 (vertolyot, shoshilinch tibbiy xizmat), 140 (yo'l bo'yida yordam), 41-145 (zaharlanish)
Haydash tomoni	to'g'ri
Wikidata-da tahrirlash

Tarix

Shveytsariya uzoq tarixga ega Rim imperiyasi Rim manbalari tomonidan u erda yashagan qabilalar "Helvetiyaliklar" deb nomlangan vaqtlar - shuning uchun mamlakatning biron bir rasmiy tiliga ustunlik berish maqsadga muvofiq bo'lmagan joyda ichki ishlatilgan "Confoederatio Helvetica" lotin nomi. Shveysariya tashkilotlari va kompaniyalariga nom berishda siz "Helvetia" yoki "Helvetic" ga ko'plab havolalarni topishingiz mumkin, va Xalqaro Ro'yxatdan o'tish Xati va Shveytsariyaning yuqori darajadagi Internet-domeni mos ravishda CH va .ch. Yuliy Tsezar va Helvetiyaliklar o'rtasidagi janjal - bu Qaysarning hikoyalarida batafsil tasvirlangan birinchi narsalardan biri De Bello Galliko, hali ham butun dunyo bo'ylab lotin talabalari tomonidan o'qiladi.

Helvetiyaliklar va ularning vorislari Evropaning qolgan qismida keng tarqalgan feodalizm yoki avtokratiyani emas, balki o'zlarining erlarini boshqarish uchun turli xil demokratiya va devolyutsiyani qo'lladilar, shu bilan Germaniya an'analarini saqlab qolishdi va bir ma'noda modernizatsiya qilishdi, aks holda faqat Shimoliy Shimoliy mamlakatlarda. Asrlar davomida (dastlab juda bo'sh) konfederatsiya sifatida faoliyat olib borgan mamlakat, Evropadagi eng xilma-xil davlatlardan biriga aylandi, shu bilan birga o'zlarining milliy va mahalliy o'ziga xosligini va keng miqyosdagi fuqarolik qarorlarini qabul qilish uchun ishlatilgan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri demokratiyani nishonladi. Shveytsariyaning mustaqilligi bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirilgan va uzoq vaqt davomida yagona hujjat edi barchasi kantonlar Frantsiya bilan ittifoq tuzgan edi, ammo 1648 yilga kelib Vestfaliya tinchligi, Muqaddas Rim imperiyasi rasmiy ravishda Shveytsariya Konfederatsiyasi hududi ustidan suverenitet huquqini yo'qotganligini tan oldi (shuningdek, Gollandiya Respublikasi) va Shveytsariyaning boyliklari Germaniyaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida yoki Elzasda joylashgan boshqa Alemannik shtatlaridan ajralib tura boshladi. 19-asrdagi shveytsariyalik romantik millatchilik faqat 1848 yilgi Sonderbundskriegdan keyin erishilgan birlikni aks ettiradi va "Rutlischwur" ga birinchi uchta kanton vakillari: Uri, Shvits va Untervalden tomonidan go'yoki Rutli yaylovida qasamyod qilingan o'zaro yordam qasamyodini mifologiyalashtiradi. Aynan sana noma'lum bo'lsa-da, an'ana uni 1291 yildagi hujjat bilan bog'laydi, u go'yoki ushbu birinchi Shveytsariya birlashish aktini hujjatlashtiradi. Xabsburg haddan tashqari hokimiyatiga qarshi chiqqan isyonchi Vilgelm Tell (shuningdek, nemis dramaturgi Shillerning sahna asariga aylantirildi) haqidagi ertak ham shu davrga tegishli.

Shveytsariyaning mustaqilligi va betarafligi uzoq vaqtdan buyon Evropaning yirik davlatlari tomonidan sharaflanib kelinmoqda va Shveytsariya shundan buyon biron bir xalqaro urushda qatnashmagan Napoleon davri va 1850-yillardan beri ichki tinchlikda. So'nggi yarim asrda Evropaning siyosiy va iqtisodiy integratsiyasi, shuningdek Shveytsariyaning ko'plab BMT va xalqaro tashkilotlarda tutgan o'rni Shveytsariyaning qo'shnilar bilan aloqalarini mustahkamladi. Biroq, mamlakat 2002 yilgacha BMTga a'zo bo'lmadi va tashqi aloqalarda neytral pozitsiyani saqlab qoldi. Barcha qo'shnilaridan farqli o'laroq (bar) Lixtenshteyn), Shveytsariya a'zosi emas Yevropa Ittifoqi.

Shveytsariyaning lingvistik xilma-xilligi ko'p tilli yozuvlarda aks ettirilgan - ko'pincha uchta yoki to'rtta shveytsariyalik tillarda va ingliz tili xalqaro tashrif buyuruvchilarga qulaylik yaratish uchun qo'shilgan.

Iqlim

The Shveytsariya iqlimi^{[o'lik havola]} mo''tadil, ammo Alp tog'laridagi balandlik bilan sezilarli darajada o'zgarib turadi - har 1000 metrda o'rtacha 6,5 ​​° S - va to'rtta asosiy iqlim mintaqalari^{[o'lik havola]}: Markaziy platoning shimoliy-sharqiy va g'arbiy qismlari, janubiy Shveytsariya va Alp tog'lari ichida.

Quyoshning harorati va vaqtini asosan o'zgaruvchan to'rtta aniq belgilangan fasllar mavjud: qishdan dekabrgacha fevralgacha qisqa kunlar bo'lgan yomg'irli yoki qorli sovuq qish, martdan maygacha qor eriydigan va gullarni puflaydigan buloqlar, o'rtacha iliqdan ba'zan issiqgacha, lekin shuningdek, vaqti-vaqti bilan yozdan ancha yomg'irli, iyun kunidan avgustgacha uzoq kunlar, rang-barang va ko'pincha quruq, ba'zan hayratlanarli darajada iliq, lekin ba'zida allaqachon sovuq va tumanli kuzlar qisqaroq va qisqaroq bo'lib sentyabrdan noyabrgacha. Va har bir fasl yoki oy har yili har xil bo'lishi mumkin^{[o'lik havola]}.

Shveytsariyada sovuq, past Markaziy platoda esa ko'pincha bulutli, yomg'irli yoki qorli qish, yoz esa mo''tadil va iliq bo'lib, juda o'zgaruvchan ob-havo bilan o'zgarib turadi, ayniqsa, yozning issiq kunlari va tog'larda; bir necha daqiqada o'ta og'ir holatlarda. Ba'zi yillarda siz yozning bulutli, yomg'irli, nam kunlarini boshdan kechirishingiz mumkin, ammo boshqa kunlarda yoki hatto keyingi yilda juda quyoshli, ba'zan esa yozning issiq kunlari faqat vaqti-vaqti bilan yog'ib turadi. Yil davomida taxminan har uchinchi kun - qisqa muddatli yomg'ir yog'adigan yoki butun kun davomida doimiy yomg'ir yog'adigan yomg'irli kun. Yomg'irli davr har qanday faslda bir soatdan uch haftagacha davom etishi mumkin. Ob-havo ma'lumotlari olti kundan ko'proq vaqt oldin ilmiy asosda ishonchsizdir.

May oyining oxiridan oktyabr oyining boshigacha eng qulay va shuning uchun eng ko'p tashrif buyurilgan oylar iyul oyidan avgustgacha bo'lgan davrda juda ko'p. Siz sayohatda, kruizda, poezdda yoki velosipedda uning ajoyib manzaralaridan bahramand bo'lishingiz mumkin. Siz Baland Alp tog'larini, uning qora tanli qo'ylarini va muzliklarini kashf eta olasiz. Yozgi mavsum taxmin qilinadigan bir-biriga mos kelmaydigan, ya'ni ko'llardagi plyajdagi ta'tillarni va ba'zilarining cheklangan yozgi chang'isini birlashtirishga imkon beradi. Qishda, sayyohlar va mahalliy aholi qishki sportning ko'plab turlaridan, shuningdek, avvalgi sehrli Rojdestvo muhitidan va yil oxiridan keyin kulgili karneval mavsumidan zavqlanishadi.

Turli xillik

Shveytsariya Evropaning eng aniq uchta madaniyatini namoyish etadi. Shimoli-sharqda toza va to'g'ri, 8 dan 5 gacha ishlaydigan, qattiqroq shveytsariya-nemis tilida so'zlashadigan Shveytsariya joylashgan; janubi-g'arbiy qismida siz frantsuzlardan ma'lum bo'lgan sharob ichish va laissez-faire uslubini topasiz; Alp tog'larining janubi-sharqida, janubida, quyosh italyancha uslubdagi piazzalarda kappuchino-siperlarni isitadi; va markazda: klassik shveytsariyalik alfornalar va tog 'manzaralari. Barchasini bir-biriga bog'lab qo'yish - bu alohida Shveytsariya mentaliteti. Shveytsariyani ba'zan "tanlagan millat" deb atashadi, chunki shveytsariyaliklar millat yoki tiliga qarab emas, balki millat bo'lishni istashlari va atrofidagi nemislar, italiyaliklar va frantsuzlardan ajralib turishni istashlari sababli bir millatdir. Ba'zida turli guruhlar o'rtasida mojaro kelib chiqsa ham, umumiy Shveytsariya identifikatori ajratuvchi omillarga qaraganda kuchliroqdir.

Kantsonlarning aksariyati, Romanschda so'zlashadigan kichik mintaqalar uchun tashqari, qo'shni mamlakatlar bilan umumiy tillardan foydalangan bo'lsalar-da, u erda gaplashadigan til faqat milliy chegaradan farq qilmaydi. Xususan, shveytsariyalik nemis tilida gaplashadigan nemis tillarining har qanday turlaridan juda farq qiladi Germaniya yoki Avstriya, o'ziga xos talaffuzi va so'z boyligi bilan. Hatto standart nemis tilini yaxshi biladiganlar (Xoxdeutsch) ko'chada yoki ommaviy axborot vositalarida muntazam ravishda shveytsariyalik-nemis tilida gaplashishni qiyinlashtirishi mumkin. Baxtimizga tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun nemis tilida so'zlashadigan shveytsariyaliklarning ko'pchiligi so'zlash qobiliyatiga ega Xoxdeutsch, Ingliz tili va kamida bitta boshqa milliy til (masalan, frantsuz tili). Shveytsariyaning standart nemis tili yozma shaklda ham germaniyalik va avstriyalik hamkasblaridan ancha farq qiladi, ammo aksariyat farqlar unchalik katta emas va shunda Shveytsariya "ß" harfini ishlatmay, uni o'rniga qo'ygan "ss", ammo bu talaffuzga ta'sir qilmaydi. Shveytsariyalik frantsuz va shveytsariyalik italyan tili boshqa mamlakatlarda gaplashadigan hamkasblaridan faqat leksik jihatdan farq qiladi. Biroq, Romansch faqat olis tog 'jamoalarida gapiriladi, aksariyat odamlar kamida bitta boshqa shveytsar tilida gaplashadi.

Iqtisodiyot

Bern, federal muassasalarning o'rni

Shveytsariya - tinchlik, farovonlik va barqaror zamonaviy bozor iqtisodiyoti, ishsizligi past, yuqori malakali ishchi kuchi va jon boshiga YaIM yirik Evropa iqtisodiyotlarining ko'pchiligiga nisbatan yuqori. Uzoq vaqtdan beri moliyaviy ekspertiza bilan tan olingan shveytsariyaliklar o'zlarining iqtisodiy amaliyotlarini xalqaro raqobatbardoshligini oshirish va eng katta savdo sherigi bo'lgan Evropa Ittifoqi bilan uzluksiz savdoni ta'minlash uchun Evropa Ittifoqiga moslashtirdilar. Shveytsariya investorlar uchun xavfsiz joy bo'lib qolmoqda, chunki u bank sirini saqlab qolgan va frankning uzoq muddatli tashqi qiymatini saqlab qolgan. Shveytsariya franki "xavfsiz joy" sifatida qaralishi sababli evro bilan deyarli tenglashdi va shveytsariyalik taniqli bank sirlari Amerikadagi, Germaniyadagi fiskal idoralar hujumiga duchor bo'lganligi sababli, ikkalasi ham shubha ostiga qo'yildi. va boshqa joylarda, sudda Shveytsariya banklari orqali soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash to'g'risidagi ko'plab shov-shuvli ishlar. Shunga qaramay, ishsizlik Evropa Ittifoqining o'rtacha yarmidan kamida saqlanib qoldi. Bu valyuta kursi (ayniqsa, evro) bilan birgalikda Shveytsariyani dunyodagi eng qimmat yo'nalishlardan biriga aylantiradi.

Shveytsariya, shuningdek, daromad solig'i stavkalarining nisbatan pastligi bilan mashhur bo'lib, uni dunyoning eng boy odamlari uchun mashhur soliq panohiga aylantiradi.

Davlat bayramlari

Bayram kunlari kantonal darajada tartibga solinadi (birinchi avgustdan tashqari) va juda katta farq qilishi mumkin. Biroq, bu hamma joyda (deyarli yakshanba kunlari bo'lib o'tadiganlar bundan mustasno) kuzatiladiganlar (deyarli):

• Yangi yil kuni (1 yanvar)
• Xayrli juma (Pasxadan 2 kun oldin, kantonlardagi bayram emas Ticino va Valais)
• Fisih dushanba kuni (Pasxadan 1 kun o'tgach, Valaisda qonuniy ravishda tan olinmagan ta'til)
• Osmonga ko'tarilish (Pasxadan 39 kun o'tgach)
• Oq dushanba (Hosil bayramidan 1 kun o'tgach, Valaisda qonuniy ravishda tan olinmagan ta'til)
• Shveytsariyaning milliy kuni (1 avgust)
• RojdestvoKun (25 dekabr)
• Sent-Stiven kuni (26 dekabr, kantonlarda rasmiy bayram emas Jeneva, Yura, Valais, Vaud va kanton qismlari Solothurn)

Umumiy bayramlar jamoat transporti kompaniyalari, xususan SBB CFF FFS va PostBus tomonidan jadvallar bo'yicha kuzatilganlar: 1 va 2 yanvar, Xayrli juma, Fisih dushanba kuni, Osmonga ko'tarilish, Oq dushanba, 1 avgust, 25 va 26 dekabr. Mahalliy ofislarning ish vaqti va mahalliy transport kompaniyalarining jadvallari ba'zan mahalliy ta'tilga to'g'ri keladi.

Siyosat

Siyosiy bo'linishlar: Shveytsariya kantonlari

Shveytsariya federal boshqaruv tizimiga ega va 26 kantonga bo'lingan, har bir kantonning konstitutsiyasi, hukumati va politsiyasi mavjud. Federal hukumat uning tarkibida federal shahar, Bern.

Federal Majlis Shveytsariyaning federal qonun chiqaruvchi organi bo'lib xizmat qiladi, har bir kantonda ham o'z qonun chiqaruvchi organi mavjud. Federal Kengash o'zining etti a'zosi bilan Shveytsariyaning federal ijro etuvchi hokimiyatidir. Boshqa mamlakatlardan farqli o'laroq, Shveytsariyada davlat rahbari yoki hukumat rahbari sifatida bitta odam yo'q; aksincha, butun Federal Kengash ikkala rolni ham birgalikda bajaradi. Shveytsariya Konfederatsiyasi Federal Prezidenti lavozimi har yili ettita maslahatchilar orasida aylanib boradi, yil vitse-prezidenti kelasi yil prezidentiga aylanadi. Bundan tashqari, u yoki u primus inter pares, boshqa oltita maslahatchidan yuqori va undan yuqori kuchga ega emas.

Shveytsariya fuqarolari odatda har uch xil siyosiy darajadagi: federal, kantonal va munitsipal masalalar bo'yicha yiliga to'rt marta ovoz berishadi. 1995 yil yanvaridan 2005 yil iyunigacha bo'lgan davrda Shveytsariya fuqarolari ko'plab federal va kommunal savollardan tashqari 103 ta federal savollarga javob berish uchun faqat federal masalalar bo'yicha 31 marta ovoz berishdi (o'sha davrda Frantsiya fuqarolari faqat ikkita referendumda qatnashishgan). Aholi har qanday masalani, shu jumladan konstitutsiyaviy qonunlarni talab qilishi yoki parlament qaroriga zid kelishi mumkin. Eng tez-tez uchraydigan mavzular ijtimoiy masalalar (masalan, farovonlik, sog'liqni saqlash va giyohvandlik siyosati), davlat infratuzilmasi (masalan, jamoat transporti va qurilish loyihalari) va atrof-muhit muammolari (masalan, atrof-muhit va tabiatni muhofaza qilish), iqtisodiyot, davlat moliyasi (soliqlarni o'z ichiga olgan holda), immigratsiya, boshpana va ta'lim, shuningdek madaniyat va ommaviy axborot vositalari, davlat tuzumi, tashqi ishlar va harbiy masalalar - yana uchta siyosiy darajadagi har qanday narsada! Ehtimol, saylov uchastkalariga tez-tez chaqiriladigan mamlakat uchun saylovda ishtirok etish har doim ham Markaziy Evropa standartlari darajasida yuqori bo'lmasligi ajablanarli emas.

Ushbu tizimning ommaviy huquqlar deb nomlangan ba'zi bir asosiy vositalariga federal tashabbusni taqdim etish (xususiy odamlar, jamoat guruhlari yoki siyosiy partiyalar tashabbusi bilan) va har qanday masala bo'yicha konstitutsiyaviy yoki qonunchilik referendumlarini ko'tarish huquqi kiradi, ularning ikkalasi ham parlament qarorlarini bekor qilishi mumkin. Natijalar har doim hukumatlar uchun majburiydir - "Aholining yakuniy qarori bor!" Bu Shveytsariyaga barcha siyosiy darajalarda juda yuqori darajadagi ommabop ma'lumot beradi, ba'zilar uni "dunyodagi yagona to'g'ridan-to'g'ri demokratiya" deb atashadi. Biroq, bir necha bor tashabbus, keyinchalik unga ovoz berganlarning ba'zilari tomonidan xijolat bo'lib ko'rilgan, "ijodiy izohlangan" yoki hatto keyinchalik o'tkazilgan referendum natijasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bekor qilingan. Shveytsariya singari "mashhur qonunchilik" darajasiga ega bo'lgan ba'zi sub-milliy yurisdiktsiyalar mavjud va Shveytsariya, Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo bo'lmagan bo'lsa-da, Evropa Ittifoqi bilan ko'plab ikki tomonlama shartnomalar bilan bog'langan, ammo ular har qanday referendum kabi bir xil imkoniyatga ega. boshqa qonun.

Shveytsariya demokratiyasining boyligi uning ko'plab o'ttizdan ortiq siyosiy partiyalarida ham ifodalanadi, ulardan 12 partiyasi a'zolarni ikki federal parlament palatasi - Milliy Kengash va Shtatlar Kengashiga va to'rtta eng yirik partiyalar birgalikda hamkorlikda ijro etayotgan etti partiyani. Federal Kengashning boshlig'i. Shveytsariya siyosati ozod bo'lgan Putsch (dastlab Shveytsariya-Germaniya so'zi) va 1848 yildan beri "Sonderbund" ni tashkil etgan konservativ-katolik kantonlari liberal ko'pchilikka qarshi qisqa muddatli fuqarolik urushida mag'lub bo'lganidan beri siyosiy zo'ravonlik. O'sha vaqtdan beri siyosiy qarorlarni oddiy ko'pchilik ovozi bilan emas, balki murosa yo'li bilan qabul qilish tendentsiyasi mavjud edi. Masalan, federal hukumat tarkibi - xuddi shu partiyalardan tashkil topgan o'nlab yillar davomida - "sehrli formulalar" bilan belgilanadi, u 1950-yillardan 21-asrning boshlariga qadar o'zgarmadi.

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Shveytsariya-nemischa so'zlashuv kitobi, Nemischa so'zlashuv kitobi, Frantsuzcha so'zlashuv kitobi, Italiya so'zlashuv kitobi

Shveytsariyadagi tillar xaritasi

Shveytsariyada federal darajada to'rtta rasmiy til mavjud, ya'ni Nemis, Frantsuz, Italyancha va Romanschva qaysi asosiy tilda gaplashish sizning qaysi mamlakatda ekanligingizga bog'liq. Shaxsiy kantonlar qaysi rasmiy tilni qabul qilish to'g'risida erkin qaror qabul qilishadi va ba'zi shaharlarda, masalan, Biel / Bienne va Fribourg / Frayburgda rasmiy ravishda ikki tilli. Shveytsariyaning har bir qismida yashovchilar bor, ular uyda mahalliy xalq tilidan tashqari biron bir narsani gapirishadi; Ingliz, nemis va frantsuz tillari eng ko'p tarqalgan ikkinchi tillardir.

Shveytsariya aholisining uchdan ikki qismi nemis tilida so'zlashadilar, ayniqsa mamlakatning markazida, shimolida va sharqida joylashgan. Shveytsariyalik nemis (Schweizerdeutsch) bu bitta dialekt emas, balki Shveytsariyada gaplashadigan nemis shevalari uchun adyol atamadir. Ushbu shevalar standart nemis tilidan shunchalik farq qiladiki, Germaniyadan kelgan ona tilida so'zlashuvchilar ularni deyarli anglay olmaydilar. Barcha nemis tilida so'zlashadigan shveytsariyaliklar maktabda standart nemis tilini o'rganishadi, shuning uchun nemis tilida so'zlashadigan yirik shaharlarning deyarli barcha aholisi (masalan, Tsyurix, Bern, Bazel) va qishloqdagi ko'pchilik odamlar standart nemis tilida gaplasha oladilar. Ko'p turli xil shveytsariyalik nemis lahjalari asosan nutqiy, og'zaki tillarda va nemis tilida so'zlashadigan shveytsariyaliklar shveytsariyalik nemis tilida gaplashishiga qaramay deyarli faqat standart nemis tilida yozadilar. Shveytsariyalik nemis lahjalari barcha ijtimoiy tabaqalar tomonidan yuqori baholanadi va Shveytsariya ommaviy axborot vositalarida keng qo'llaniladi, aksincha boshqa mamlakatlarda televizor va radiolarda standart nemis tilidan foydalanishdan farqli o'laroq, yangiliklar eshittirishlari odatda standart nemis tilida. Savollar odatiy nemis tilida bo'lgan va shveytsariyalik nemis tilidagi javoblar berilgan "ikki tilli intervyular" ham kamdan-kam uchraydi.

Eng ko'p gapiradigan ikkinchi til frantsuzcha (Frantsiya), asosan, Lozanna va Jeneva shaharlarini o'z ichiga olgan mamlakatning g'arbiy qismida gaplashadi. Odatda frantsuz tilida so'zlashuvchilarda shveytsariya frantsuz tilini tushunishda katta muammolar bo'lmaydi, biroq shveytsariyalik frantsuz tiliga xos ba'zi so'zlar mavjud. Eng sezilarli farq raqamlar tizimida, qaerda septant, gitarachi va nonante (70, 80 va 90) o'rniga odatda aytiladi soixante-dix, kvater-vinglar va quatre-vingt-dix standart frantsuz tilidagi kabi. Barcha frantsuz tilida so'zlashuvchilar "standart" frantsuz tilini tushunadilar.

Italiya (italyancha) mamlakatning janubiy qismida, shahri atrofida asosiy til hisoblanadi Lugano. Shveytsariya italyanchasi standart italyan tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun asosan tushunarli, ammo shveytsariyalik italyan tiliga xos ba'zi so'zlar mavjud. Standart italyancha barcha shveytsariyalik italiyalik ma'ruzachilar tomonidan tushuniladi. Lombardning shimoliy italyan tilida ba'zilar ham gaplashadi, ammo barcha lombard ma'ruzachilari italyan tilida ham ikki tilli.

Siz Romanschni eshitishingiz ehtimoldan yiroq emas (rumantsch; ingliz tilida "Romansh" deb ham yozilgan) - Graubydenning ba'zi vodiylaridan tashqari - asosan 65000 Romansch tilida so'zlashadiganlar nemis tilida so'zlashadilar va ularning soni Shveytsariyada ingliz, portugal, alban va serb-xorvat tillarida so'zlashuvchilar sonidan ko'proq.

Barcha shveytsariyaliklar maktabda boshqa rasmiy tillardan birini o'rganishlari shart, ko'plari esa ingliz tilini o'rganadilar. Nemis tilida so'zlashadigan yirik shaharlarda ingliz tili keng tarqalgan va shuning uchun ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan sayyohlar bilan aloqa qilishda muammo bo'lmasligi kerak. Aksincha, frantsuz va italyan tillarida so'zlashadigan joylarda ingliz tili u qadar keng tarqalgan emas, istisno - Jeneva shahri bo'lib, u erda ko'p sonli xalqaro aholisi bo'lganligi sababli ingliz tili keng tarqalgan.

Chiqinglar

Kirish talablari

COVID-19 ma `lumot: Buyuk Britaniya va Janubiy Afrikadan kelgan sayohatchilar taqiqlangan Shveytsariyaga tashrif buyurishdan. Bundan tashqari, kimdir kelgan bo'lsa ayrim mamlakatlar, shu jumladan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari kirishi shart karantin kelgandan keyin. Agar siz karantin kerak bo'lsa, shuningdek, kelganingizni xabar qilishingiz kerak kantonal hokimiyat kelganidan keyin ikki kun ichida. Qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun o'zingizning kantoningiz bilan bog'laning. Shveytsariyada karantinni qanday olish haqida ko'proq ma'lumot olish uchun, iltimos, bu erga boring.

(Axborot oxirgi marta 25 dekabr 2020 yil yangilangan)

Shveytsariya Shengen shartnomasi.

• Odatda shartnomani imzolagan va amalga oshirgan mamlakatlar o'rtasida chegara nazorati mavjud emas. Bunga Evropa Ittifoqining aksariyat qismi va boshqa bir qator mamlakatlar kiradi.
• Odatda xalqaro reyslarga yoki qayiqlarga chiqishdan oldin shaxsni tekshirish tekshiruvi o'tkaziladi. Ba'zida quruqlik chegaralarida vaqtinchalik chegara nazorati mavjud.
• Xuddi shunday, a viza har qanday Shengen a'zosi uchun berilgan, imzolagan barcha boshqa mamlakatlarda amal qiladi va shartnomani amalga oshirdi.
• Iltimos, ko'ring Shengen zonasi bo'ylab sayohat qilish sxema qanday ishlashi, qaysi mamlakatlar a'zo ekanligi va qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun sizning fuqaroligingizga qanday talablar qo'yiladi.

Shveytsariya shunday emas ammo Evropa Ittifoqining a'zosi. Shu sababli, Shveytsariyaga kiradigan sayohatchilar immigratsiya nazorati bo'lmasa ham, bojxona nazorati ostidadirlar va Shengen hududining boshqa joylariga sayohat qilayotganlar ham bojxona qoidalari.

Sayyoh sifatida: Umumiy qiymati 5,5 mingdan oshadigan shaxsiy buyumlar va Fr.dan yuqori bo'lgan naqd pul va uning barcha ekvivalentlari. 10,000 e'lon qilinishi kerak. Shuningdek, ba'zi miqdorlar oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, alkogol va tamaki. Evropa Ittifoqi davlatlari va Norvegiyadan tashqari boshqa mamlakatlardan hayvonot mahsulotlarini olib kirish taqiqlanadi. Shveytsariyaga kirganingizda, transport vositangizdagi shaxsiy buyumlar, sayohat uchun zarur narsalar va yonilg'i soliqsiz va bojsizdir. Boshqa yuklar uchun, QQS va boj ularning umumiy qiymatiga qarab (Fr. 300 dan yuqori) va miqdoriga qarab olinadi. Agar xohlasangiz, ehtiyot bo'ling uy hayvonlari bilan sayohat qiling. Va umuman rioya qiling taqiqlar, cheklovlar va ruxsatnomalar muhofaza qilinadigan turlar, o'simliklar, naqd pul, chet el valyutasi, qimmatli qog'ozlar, qurol-yarog ', pirotexnika buyumlari (otashin), giyohvand moddalar va giyohvand moddalar, madaniy boyliklarni o'tkazish, mahsulotni qaroqchilik qilish, qalbakilashtirilgan dorilar, dori-darmon vositalari (dorivor mahsulotlar) va doping, radiolokatsion ogohlantirish vositalari va fuqarolar to'g'risida tarmoqli radio (CB radiosi).

Qarovsiz voyaga etmaganlar (18 yoshga to'lmagan sayohatchilar) ota-onalaridan / vasiylaridan rozilik xati, shuningdek ota-onalarning yoki vasiylarning amaldagi pasporti yoki shaxsiy guvohnomasining nusxasini olishlari qat'iyan tavsiya etiladi. Qo'shimcha ma'lumot uchun tashrif buyuring Migratsiya bo'yicha davlat kotibiyati veb-saytining savollar bo'limi ("Chegaradan o'tish / Sayohat hujjatlari" sarlavhasi ostida).

Tsyurix aeroporti Shveytsariyaning asosiy havo shlyuzi bo'lib, u havoda ham, yerda ham mukammal ulanish imkoniyatiga ega

Samolyotda

The Kointrin aeroport Jeneva shaharning xalqaro ahamiyati tufayli butun dunyo bo'ylab ko'plab aloqalarni ko'radi. Bundan tashqari, bu Shveytsariya va Frantsiya Alp tog'lariga kirish eshigi.

Katta xalqaro aeroportlar ichida TsyurixZRH ^IATA, JenevaGVA ^IATA va Bazel (Shveytsariya qismi uchun: BSL ^IATA), kichik aeroportlar bilan LuganoLUG ^IATA va BernBRN ^IATA. Ba'zi aviakompaniyalar uchib ketishadi Fridrixshafen, Germaniya Romanshorndan Konstans ko'li (Bodensee) yaqinida, unchalik uzoq emas Tsyurix.

Bazel aeroporti - bu o'ziga xos holat, chunki u ham qo'shni Myulxaus va Frayburgga xizmat qiladi va uchta turli IATA kodlariga ega, shuningdek, siz "Bazel" yoki "Myulhouse" ga uchib ketishingizga qarab turli xil bojxona protseduralari (va ba'zan hatto aviachiptalar). Shuningdek, aeroportda "metro hududi" uchun hudud kodi mavjud EAP ^IATA bu sizga ikkala yo'nalish bo'yicha parvozlarni amalga oshirishi kerak.

Evropaning deyarli barcha yirik aviakompaniyalari kamida bitta Shveytsariya aeroportiga uchishadi. Shveytsariyaning bayroq tashuvchisi Swiss International Airlines, a'zosi Yulduzlar ittifoqi va Lufthansa Group. Ular sho''ba korxonalari - charter / ta'til aviakompaniyasi Edelweiss Air va qisqa masofali Shveytsariyaning Evropa havo yo'llari bilan birgalikda Evropaning aksariyat yirik aeroportlari va ko'plab qit'alararo yo'nalishlarga ulanish imkoniyatini taqdim etadilar.

Bundan tashqari, ba'zi bir kichik shveytsariyalik aviakompaniyalar Shveytsariyaga ulanishlarni taklif qilishadi: Etihad mintaqaviy asosan dan Jeneva va Lugano, Helvetic Airways dan Tsyurix va Bern.

Shunga qaramay, Evropaning arzon tariflari bilan shug'ullanadigan yirik aviakompaniyalar Shveytsariyada juda cheklangan bo'lib, odatda o'z uylaridan o'z markazlaridan ikkinchisiga parvozni taklif qilishadi. Tsyurix yoki Jeneva. Istisno EasyJet, EasyJet Shveytsariya sho''ba korxonasiga ega va u erga va undan reyslarni taklif qiladi Bazel, Jeneva va Tsyurix odatdagi arzon narxlardagi biznes modeli doirasida. Ryanair Bazelga uchib keladi Dublin va London Stansted, shuningdek Strasburg va Baden-Baden mos ravishda Frantsiya va Germaniyada.

Qish mavsumida charter va ta'til reyslariga ixtisoslashgan ko'plab aviakompaniyalar chang'i va qishki sport bozorlariga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun Shveytsariya aeroportlariga ulanishni taklif qilishadi.

Qo'shni davlatga yaqin aeroportga uchib ketish mumkin. Grenobl yilda Frantsiya Jeneva uchun alternativa va Shtutgart (STR ^IATA) va Myunxen aeroporti (MUC ^IATA) ichida Germaniya gacha bo'lgan masofada Bern navbati bilan Tsyurix. U yerda kichik aeroport yilda Memmingen (FMM ^IATA), birinchi navbatda, chegaraga yaqin bo'lgan va Myunxenga yaqin bo'lgan bozorga chiqarilgan (u emas) aviakompaniyalarga xizmat ko'rsatish.

Zo'r poezd aloqalari tufayli (pastga qarang) siz ham uchib ketishingiz mumkin Frankfurt aeroporti (FRA ^IATA) va u erdan poezdga o'ting.

Poyezdda

Shveytsariya dunyodagi eng zich jamoat transporti tizimiga ega. The Shveytsariya sayohat tizimi 29000 km temir yo'l tarmog'ini, shu jumladan bir nechta mashhur temir yo'l liniyalarini o'z ichiga oladi. Evropaning barcha qismlaridan poyezdlar keladi. Ba'zi asosiy yo'nalishlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Lozannadagi markaziy uchish kengashi ham jadvallar bir necha kun ichida o'zgarishini e'lon qildi (har doim dekabrning ikkinchi yakshanbasida sodir bo'ladi)!

Kelish ekrani, bu erda Bazel SBB / Bâle CFF

• The TGVLiriya (À grande vitesse qatnovi, Frantsuzcha / shveytsariyalik tezyurar temir yo'l ulanish), har kuni / dan bir nechta poezdlar bilan Parij, Dijon, Lion, Valensiya, Avignon, Eks-En-Provans, Marsel, Toulon, Kann, Antiblarva Yaxshi.

Sayohat vaqtiga misollar: Parij-Jeneva 3 soat, -Lozanna 3½ soat, -Bazel 3 soat, -Bern 4 soat, -Surix 4 soat;

va Jeneva-Lion 2 soat, -Avignon 3 soat, -Marsel 3 soat, -Nitoyat 6½ soat;

va Bazel-Marsel 5 soat

• Soatlik EuroCity (EC) poezdlar / dan Milan ning barcha qismlariga ulanish bilan Italiya.

Sayohat vaqtiga misollar: Milan-Bern 3 soat 12 min, -Basel 4 soat, -Jeneva 4 soat, -Surix 3 soat 36 min;

kuniga bir marta: Milano Centrale- (Simplon tunnel) -Brig 2 soat, - (Lotschberg bazaviy tunnel) -Spiez 2½ soat, -Bern 3 soat 25 min, -Basel 4 soat 25 min, -Freiburg i.B. 5 soat, -Karlsruhe 6 soat, -Mannxaym 6 soat 45 min, -Frankfurt a.M. Hbf 7½ soat;

kuniga bir marta: Frankfurt a.M. Hbf-Mannxaym 45 daqiqa, -Karlsruhe 1 soat 12 daqiqa, -Freiburg i.B. 2 soat 15 daqiqa, -Basel 3 soat, -Luzern 4 soat 15 daqiqa, - (Gotard asosidagi tunnel) -Bellinzona 5 soat 48 min, -Lugano 6 soat 18 min, -Milano Centrale 7 soat

• Muntazam ICE (InterCity Express, Germaniya tezyurar poezdlari) dan Chur, Tsyurix / Interlaken orqali Bern, Bazel ga Frayburg i.B., Offenburg, Baden-Baden, Karlsrue, Manxaym, Frankfurt a.M. (asosiy temir yo'l stantsiyasi yoki aeroport) Germaniyada, ko'pchilik davom etmoqda Kyoln va Dortmund, yoki Gannover va Gamburg, yoki Berlin, yoki Amsterdam.

Sayohat vaqtiga misollar: Frankfurt aeroporti-Basel 3 soat; Frankfurt a.M. Hbf-Berne 4 soat, -Interlaken 5 soat, -Surix 4 soat, -Chur 5 soat 24 min;

yoki Interlaken Ost-Bern 52 min, -Basel 2 soat, -Freiburg .i.B. 3 soat, -Frankfurt a.M. Hbf 5 soat, -Berlin Hbf 9 soat (kuniga ikki marta)

• 2 soatlik TUSHUNARLI Tsyurix va Shtutgart, sayohat vaqti 3 soat
• Muntazam EuroCity (EC) Tsyurix va Myunxen, sayohat vaqti 4 soat
• Muntazam RailJet (RJ) Tsyurix va Insbruk (3 soat), Zaltsburg (5½ soat), Vena (8 soat) Avstriyada va undan sharqda
• Uyqudagi poezdlar markasi ostida ÖBB tomonidan boshqariladi Tungi jet

Avtobusda

• Evrolinlar yo'nalish tarmog'iga Shveytsariyani qo'shib qo'ydi.
• Bosniya diasporasiga xizmat ko'rsatadigan bir nechta avtobus kompaniyalari bor, ular Bolqonlarga arzon narxlarda etib borishadi. Turistik Prošic Federatsiyasining turli yo'nalishlaridan ishlaydi Bosniya va Gersegovina Shveytsariyaga.
• Flixbus barchasini burchakdan tashqari burchakka aylantirgan Germaniya ichki bozori shuningdek, Shveytsariyaga / Shveytsariyadan, shuningdek Shveytsariya orqali qo'shni mamlakatlarga xizmat ko'rsatishni ta'minlaydi. Shveytsariyada Flixbus yo'lovchilarni mamlakat ichkarisida olib o'tishlari taqiqlangan va siz ular bilan ichki marshrutlarni bron qila olmaysiz yoki Shveytsariyaga o'tirganingizda Shveytsariya ichida tushishingiz mumkin.

Mashinada

Shveytsariyaning istalgan shaharlariga va Shveytsariyadagi ko'plab sayyohlik joylariga mashinada osonlikcha etib borish mumkin, masalan. Fransiyaning markaziy sharqidan Jeneva, Germaniyaning janubidan Syurix. Biroq, ba'zi sayyohlik yo'nalishlari, ayniqsa Zermatt yoki Vengen kabi ba'zi kichikroq, kvintessensial jihatdan Alp tog'li qishloqlar avtoulovsiz.

Although Switzerland is now part of the Schengen agreement, it is not part of the EU customs/tariff union. Therefore EU/Swiss border posts will focus on smuggling, etc., and checks on roads on or after the border stay in place. Delays are usually short but cars may be stopped and no reason needs to be given, even for searches inside Switzerland.

The top of the Furka mountain pass is almost 2.5 km (1.6 mi) above sea level

Some delay may be caused by congestion at busy times and there are often queues lasting hours to use the tunnels under the Alps from Italy such as Mont Blanc, St. Gotthard etc. Swiss motorway vignettes (40 Swiss Francs) can and should be purchased at the border if your car does not already have a valid one for the current year and you intend to use the Swiss motorways which is almost unavoidable. Most cities do not have free parking; expect to spend Fr. 25-40 for a day's parking. Some cities are entirely off-limits to cars but easily reachable by public transport, so strongly consider arriving by train instead if your final destination is one of these places.

Foydalanishda mountain roads, bear in mind that they are also used by buses - most relevant on hairpin bends, which they will occupy entirely in order to get around. And most mountain roads are frequently used by the yellow Swiss PostAuto avtobus. If you see a postal bus, or hear it approaching a bend by its distinctive three tone horn, hold right back (before the bend!) and let it pass, they har doim have priority and their drivers count on your cooperative driving (see also mountain road hints)!

Tramvay orqali

The Bazel tramway system extends across the border into Germaniya (Vayl Reyn) as well as into Frantsiya (Saint Louis (France)). The lines are popular with locals who shop across the border, and as Switzerland is emas part of the EU customs area, there may be customs spot checks, so don't carry anything in excess of allowed imports. Similarly the Geneva tram system also extends into neighboring France. There are plans for further cross border extensions of both tram networks, including a possible link to EuroAirport from Basel.

Atrofga boring

Getting around Switzerland is quick and easy albeit sometimes on the expensive side, no matter which mode you choose. The country has had a love affair with railways for over a century now, despite having been something of a late bloomer in railway construction. The few places not served by trains are served by the "Postauto" bus system and everything is seamlessly integrated, meaning you'll never have to wait long. Should you wish to drive a car, there are excellent highways throughout the country and many mountains are bypassed with tunnels. Hiking paths across the Alps have existed for centuries and are usually well blazed and maintained. Switzerland is also making an effort of marketing itself as bicycle friendly under the slogan "Veloland Schweiz".

Samolyotda

As Switzerland has probably the most well-developed public transportation system in the world, and the country's airports are not that far apart anyway, there is very limited domestic air traffic. The connections offered by Swiss International Airlines va Etihad Regional include Zurich-Geneva, Zurich-Lugano and Geneva-Lugano. In most cases taking the train, sometimes combined with bus or other means, will be a cheaper option, and often it may prove just as fast and convenient as flying. If you arrive on an international flight to Flughafen Zürich (in Kloten) or Genève Aéroport (in Cointrin), you may take a direct train or bus from stations integrated into the airport terminals. From there, easy connection with several means of transportation including only one or two swift transfers will bring you to many destinations

Jamoat transporti

Asosiy maqola: Rail travel in Switzerland

Railway network in Switzerland (Shuningdek qarang)

Wengernalp railway

The Swiss will spoil you with fantastic transport - swift, disturbingly punctual trains, clean buses, and a half dozen different kinds of mountain transport systems, integrated into a coherent system. The discount options and variety of tickets can be bewildering, from half-fare cards to multi-day, multi-use tickets good for buses, boats, trains, and even bike rentals. In general there's at least one train or bus per hour on every route; on many routes trains and buses run every 30 or even 15 minutes. Inner-city transit often runs every 5-7 minutes during rush hour, but less frequently during weekends, particularly on Sundays and public holidays in more sparsely populated areas.

Authoritative information, routes, fares and schedules for almost all public transport can be found online on Swiss Federal Railway's (SBB CFF FFS) nation-wide coherently integrated jadval, or from posters and screens at any stop, or from a ticket window in any railway station. This timetable is also available as a free smart phone app. At any railway station of any provider you can get information and tickets (at manned ticket counters) for any of the many members of the railway network of Switzerland and most bus systems, in particular PostBus Switzerland which provides onlayn jadval as well with the same data.

Bus and train are legally not allowed to compete each other in Switzerland, rather quite the opposite, they are complementary to each other – besides being coordinated timetable-wise. That way, almost all inhabited village and town in Switzerland can be reached by public transport. This is actually constitutionally demanded by the Public Service regulations of the Swiss Confederation; Public Service is a particular Swiss term loosely referring to all kinds of laws, acts, and ordinances, which define the basic supply of public services and infrastructure in particular concerning postal services, telecommunication, electronic media, public transport and road infrastructure.

There are about twenty regional fare networks throughout the country, which incorporate many kinds of public transport (city bus, tram, metro, any kind of train, PostBus, boats, funiculars and others) by many different providers around urban centers into one single fare system, kabi ZVV in the canton of Zurich, or unireso^{[o'lik havola]} (see also: Geneva's tpg) in the canton of Geneva and its French adjacent area, or mobilis around Lausanne in the canton of Vaud at the northern shore of Lake Geneva, passepartout in the cantons of Lucerne, Nid- and Obwalden (keyword: Titlis). Usually these networks sell zone-based tickets valid for a particular time frame (instead of point-to-point tickets) for journeys within their fare network borders. Many of these networks and transit operators provide their own free smartphone apps; sometimes to be found at the major city's transit company website.

Even if there is no train or city transit available, the comprehensive PostAuto/CarPostale/AutoPostale network gets you there. Where applicable, PostBus Switzerland is part of regional fare networks. You find all timetable information on SBB's online timetable, but PostBus Switzerland also provides their own free app with the same information as by SBB as well as many additional features.

Further information about the railway network in Switzerland va Switzerland-wide countryside bus network is also available.

Hiking and cycling

Piyoda yurish

As good as the Swiss train system is, if you have a little time, and you only want to travel 1-320 km, you could try downloading the free swisstopo-App with the world's best footpath maps (paper copies can also be purchased) and walk 16-31 km a day over some of the most wonderful and clearly-marked paths, whether it is in a valley, through a forest, or over mountain passes. There are more than 60,000 km of well maintained and documented hiking trails va cycling routes.

The trails are well-planned (after a number of centuries, why not?), easy to follow, and the yellow trail signs are actually accurate in their estimate as to how far away the next hamlet, village, town or city is — usually given in terms of time, not distance. Once you've figured out how many kilometers per hour you walk (easy to determine after a day of hiking), you can adjust these estimates up and down for your speed.

There are plenty of places to sleep in a tent; but don't pitch one on a seemingly pleasant, flat piece of ground covered by straw–that's where the cows end up sleeping after a lazy day of eating, and they'll gnaw at your tent string supports and lean against your tent sides. And definitely don't do this during a rainstorm!, lots of huts on mountain tops, B&Bs on valley floors, or hotels in towns and cities. You could even send your luggage ahead to the next abode and travel very lightly, with the necessary water and Swiss chocolate!

Velosipedda

Asosiy maqola: Cycling in Switzerland

Since there is a network of straightforward cycling routes around Switzerland, it is a good place for cycling whether you're going cross-country or travelling around one of the cities. You can get information about cycling routes from Swiss Singletrail Maps va Veloland Schweiz.

Velosiped haydash in cities is safe and very common, and includes plenty of options like electric vehicles and free "rentals". If you decide to cycle in a city, understand that you will share the road with public transport. Beware of tram tracks which can get your wheel stuck and send you flying into traffic, and of course keep an eye out for the trams themselves and the buses, which make frequent stops in the rightmost lane and always have right of way.

Ga binoan Swiss traffic law, a bicycle is considered as a road vehicle, therefore it is prohibited to cycle on sidewalks and foot paths, except for when explicitely indicated otherwise! As a bicycler you have to follow the same rules (and rights) as any other traffic member, such as cars and lorries. Therefore make sure you know the extensive Swiss traffic rules va traffic signs.

Inline skating

Besides the main types of transport, the adventurous person can see Switzerland by in-line skating. There are three routes, measuring over a combined 600 km (350 mi) designed specifically for in-line skating throughout the country. They are the Rhine route, the Rhone route, and the Mittelland route. These are also scenic tours. Most of the routes are flat, with slight ascents and descents. The Mittelland route runs from Zurich airport to Neuenburg in the northwest; the Rhine route runs from Bad Ragaz to Schaffhausen in the northeastern section of the country. Finally, the Rhone route extends from Brig to Geneva. This is a great way to see both the countryside and cityscapes of this beautiful nation. Information about the routes can be found in the skating section of SwitzerlandMobility

Mashinada

Qo'shimcha ma'lumot uchun qarang Shveytsariyada haydash

If you like cars, Switzerland can seem like a bit of a tease. It offers some of the greatest driving roads in the world, but you can literally end up in jail for speeding, even on highways. Traffic rules are strictly enforced. If you stick to the road rules and especially the speed limits, the back roads/mountain roads will still be a blast to drive on, while making sure you are not fined or arrested. Driving can be a good way of seeing the country and the vista from some mountain roads makes it worth the cost and hassle.

Driving on mountain roads requires special skill: be sure to read the in the "mountain road tips" in the Driving in Switzerland article.

Odatdagidek speed limits in Switzerland are 120 km/h (75 mph) on motorways, 100 km/h on expressways, 80 km/h (50 mph) on main roads outside towns and in tunnels, and 50 km/h (31 mph) limit in villages and towns. You may see different speed limits signposted, including 30 km/h (19 mph) and 20 km/h (12 mph) in built-up areas.

Most drivers will need to buy a vinyetka, a sticker which costs Fr. 40 that allows you to use motorways and expressways as much as you like for the entire year.

Motorists in Switzerland are required to switch on their headlights or daytime running lights at all times while driving or risk a Fr. 40 fine.

Qarang

The seven wonders

Chateau de Chillon

• The 46.4141666666676.92751 Château Chillon : a castle near Montre
• The 46.4919444444446.74611111111112 Lavaux vineyards: on the shore of Jeneva ko'li
• The 46.1955559.0238093 Castles of Bellinzona: in the southern canton of Ticino
• The 47.42289.37644 Abbey of St. Gallen
• The 46.54757.9855 Top of Europe and the Sphinx observatory : a "village" with a post office on the 3,500-metre-high Jungfraujoch above Wengen
• The 46.0805555555567.40388888888896 Grande Dixence : a 285-metre-high dam, south of Sion
• The 46.6808333333339.67583333333337 Landwasser viaduct : on the railway between Chur va Sankt-Morits

The seven natural wonders

Matterhorn

• The 45.9763888888897.65888888888898 Matterhorn: seen from Schwarzsee, the Gornergrat or simply from the village of Zermatt
• The northern walls of the Jungfrau and Eiger: two of the most celebrated mountains in the Alps, they can be seen from the valley of Lauterbrunnen or from one of the many surrounding summits that can be reached by train or cable car
• The 46.58.0333339 Aletsch Glacier: the longest in Europe. The Aletsch forest sits above the glacier, which is best seen from above Bettmeralp
• The 46.54979.895910 lakes of the Upper Engadine: in one of the highest inhabited valleys in the Alps near the Piz Bernina, the lakes can all be seen from Muottas Muragl
• The 47.01948.401111 Lake Lucerne : seen from Pilatus above Lucerne
• The 46.4983333333337.726944444444412 Oeschinensee : a mountain lake above Kandersteg
• The 47.6794444444448.616388888888913 Reyn sharsharasi : the largest in Europe, where you can take a boat to the rock in the middle of the falls

Qil

Shuningdek qarang: Shveytsariyada qishki sport turlari

The road crossing the Furka mountain pass between the cantons of Uri and Valais

Switzerland is renowned the world over for downhill skiing, and the country is also great for many other outdoor activities, including piyoda yurish va tog 'velosipedi. Mountain climbing from easy to very hard can also be found in Switzerland and there is hardly a place with a longer tradition for it. Some routes, like the North face of the Eiger ("Eiger-Nordwand" in German) have become near-mythical due to the hardships, sacrifice and even deaths suffered by the first people to climb them. And because of the breathtaking views, travelling from one place to another by car, bus, train or bike along Alpine roads and railroads is often an experience in itself.

Sotib oling

Pul

Switzerland's currency is the Swiss franc (yoki Franken, yoki frank, yoki franco, depending in which language area you are), denoted by the symbol "Fr." or sometimes "SFr." (ISO code: CHF) It is divided into 100 Rappen, centimes, or centesimi. However, some places - such as supermarkets, restaurants, tourist attraction ticket counters, hotels and the railways or ticket machines - accept euro bills (but no coins) and will give you change in Swiss francs or in euro if they have it in cash.

Many price lists contain prices both in francs and in euros. Usually in such cases the exchange-rate is the same as official exchange-rates, but if it differs you will be notified in advance. Changing some money to Swiss francs is essential. Money can be exchanged at all train stations and most banks throughout the country. After an experiment with a "fixed floor" for the exchange rate (meaning in practice that one euro would always be at least 1.20 francs) the Swiss Central Bank decided in early 2015 to let the franc float freely once more. This, along with speculation regarding the future of the euro and the Swiss franc being seen as a "safe" currency, has led to skyrocketing exchange rates for the franc and, consequently, prices for the visitor.

1,000, 200, 100, 50. 20 and 10 Swiss franc banknotes of the still valid 8th series

Switzerland is more cash-oriented than most other European countries. It is not unusual to see notes being paid using Fr. 200 and Fr. 1000 banknotes. There are a few establishments which do not accept credit cards, so check first. When doing credit card payments, carefully review the information printed on the receipt (details on this can be found in the "Stay Safe" section below). All ATMs accept foreign cards, getting cash should not be a problem.

Coins are issued in 5-Rappen/centime (brass coloured), 10-Rappen/centime, 20-Rappen/centime, ½-franc, 1-franc, 2-franc, and 5-franc (all silver coloured) denominations. One-centime coins are no longer legal tender, but may be exchanged until 2027 for face value. Two-centime coins have not been legal tender since the 1970s and are, consequently, worthless. Most exchange offices don't accept coins and the biggest coin (5 francs) is worth roughly about US$5 or €5, so spend them or give them to charity before leaving.

Banknotes are found in denominations of 10 (yellow), 20 (red), 50 (green), 100 (blue), 200 (brown), and 1000 francs (purple). They are all the same width.

• Ninth series
• 

  Fr. 10, front

• 

  Fr. 10, back

• 

  Fr. 20, front

• 

  Fr. 20, back

• 

  Fr. 50, front

• 

  Fr. 50, back

• 

  Fr. 200 Front

• 

  Fr. 200 back

Since 2016 the Swiss National Bank SNB has been releasing a new series of bank notes, the ninth series in the modern history of Switzerland. They started with the 50-francs note on 11 April 2016, the new 20-francs banknote followed on 17 May 2017, the new 10-francs banknote followed on 10 October 2017 and the new 200-francs banknote followed on 22 August 2018 The other denominations will be replaced step by step during the next years. All banknotes of the eighth series can still at least be exchanged at banks (no end date known 2019).

Banking

Switzerland has been renowned for its banking sector since the Middle Ages. Due to its historical policy of banking secrecy and anonymity, Switzerland has long been a favourite place for many of the world's richest people to stash their assets, sometimes earned through questionable means. Although current banking secrecy laws are not as strict as they used to be, and anonymous bank accounts are no longer allowed, Switzerland remains one of the largest banking centres in Europe. Opening a bank account in Switzerland is straightforward, and there are no restrictions on foreigners owning Swiss bank accounts—except for US citizens. Since the latest sanctions by the US, many Swiss banks refuse to open a bank account to US citizens or anyone having connections to the US. In some cases, even existing accounts have been closed.

The largest banks in Switzerland are UBS va Credit Suisse.

Tips

Swiss service personnel enjoy a relatively highly set minimum wage compared to other countries, so tips are rather modest. By law, a service charge is included in the bill. Nevertheless, if you feel satisfied, especially in restaurants, you may round up the bill and add a few francs with a maximum of 5–20 francs depending on the kind of establishment, regardless of bill size. If you were not happy with the service, you needn't tip at all. If you just drink a coffee, it is common to round up the bill to the nearest franc, but some people are still quite generous. Tipping is always your personal contribution and never legally requested.

Xarajatlar

Switzerland is an qimmat country with prices comparable to Norway. Apart from soft drinks, electronics and car fuel, many things cost more than in the neighboring countries, particularly groceries, souvenirs, train tickets and accommodation. In fact, many Swiss people living near the borders drive into neighbouring countries to purchase fuel and groceries, as it is usually significantly cheaper; a trend that has only increased with the Franc soaring in exchange rate compared to the euro. Whilst, there are no systematic immigration controls thanks to the Schengen agreement, there are random custom checks, even inside the country, since Switzerland is emas part of EU Customs Union, so you must clear customs. Therefore make sure you comply with Swiss custom regulations for importing goods.

"Swiss-made": souvenirs and luxury goods

A Rolex watch

Switzerland is famous for a few key goods: watches, chocolate, pishloq, and Swiss Army knives.

• Watches - Switzerland is the watch-making capital of the world, and "Swiss Made" on a watch face has long been a mark of quality. While the French-speaking regions of Switzerland are usually associated with Swiss watchmakers (like Rolex, Omega, and Patek Philippe), some fine watches are made in the Swiss-German-speaking region, such as IWC in Schaffhausen. Every large town will have quite a few horologists and jewellers with a vast selection of fancy watches displayed in their windows, ranging from the fashionable Swatch for Fr. 60 to the handmade chronometer with the huge price tag. For fun, try to spot the most expensive of these mechanical creations and the ones with the most "bedazzle!"
• Shokolad - Switzerland may always have a rivalry with Belgiya for the world's best chocolate, but there's no doubting that the Swiss variety is amazingly good. Switzerland is also home to the huge Nestlé food company. If you have a fine palate (and a fat wallet) - you can find two of the finest Swiss chocolatiers in Tsyurix: Teuscher (try the champagne truffles) and Sprüngli. For the rest of us, even the generic grocery store brand chocolates in Switzerland still blow away the Hershey bars. For good value, try the Frey brand chocolates sold at Migros. If you want to try some real good and exclusive Swiss chocolate, go for the Pamaco chocolates, derived from the noble Criollo beans and accomplished through the original, complex process of refinement that requires 72 hours. These are quite expensive though; a bar of 125g (4 oz) costs about Fr. 8. For Lindt fans, it is possible to get them as cheaply as half the supermarket price by going to the Lindt factory store in Kilchberg (near Zurich). Factory visits are also possible at Frey near Aarau, Läderach in Bilten and Cailler in Broc.

• Pishloq - many regions of Switzerland have their own regional cheese speciality. Of these, the most well-known are Gruyère and Emmentaler (what Americans know as "Swiss cheese"). Be sure to sample the wide variety of cheeses sold in markets, and of course try the cheese fondue! Fondue is basically melted cheese and is used as a dip with other food such as bread. The original mixture consists of half Vacherin cheese and half Gruyère but many different combinations have been developed since. If you're hiking, you will often come across farms and village shops selling the local mountain cheese (German: Bergkäse) from the pastures you are walking across. These cheeses are often not sold elsewhere, so don't miss the chance to sample part of Switzerland's culinary heritage.

Likely the most typical Swiss souvenir

• Swiss Army knives - Switzerland is the official home of the Swiss Army pichoq. There are two brands: Victorinox and Wenger, but both brands are now manufactured by Victorinox since the Wenger business went bankrupt and Victorinox purchased it in 2005. Collectors agree Victorinox knives are superior in terms of design, quality, and functionality. The most popular Victorinox knife is the Swiss Champ which has 33 functions and costs about Fr. 78. Most tourists will purchase this knife. The "biggest" Victorinox knife is the Swiss Champ 1.6795.XAVT- This has 80 functions and is supplied in a case. This knife costs Fr. 364 and may be a collector's model in years to come. Most shops throughout Switzerland stock Victorinox knives, including some newsagents and they make excellent gifts and souvenirs. Unlike the tourists' knife, the actual "Swiss Army Knife" is not red with a white cross, but gray with a small Swiss flag. The Swiss Army issue knife is also produced by Victorinox. It is distinguished by having the production year engraved on the base of the biggest blade, and no cork-screw because the Swiss soldier must not drink wine on duty. Swiss Army Knives can not be carried on board commercial flights and must be packed in your hold baggage.

Ski and tourist areas will sell many other kinds of touristy items: cowbells, clothing embroidered with white Edelweiss flowers, and Xeydi-related stuff. Swiss people love cows in all shapes and sizes, and you can find cow-related goods everywhere, from stuffed toy cows to fake cow-hide jackets. If you have a generous souvenir budget, look for fine traditional handcrafted items such as hand-carved wooden figures in Brienz, and lace and fine linens in St. Gallen. If you have really deep pockets, or just wish you did, be sure to shop on Zurich's famed Bahnhofstrasse, one of the most exclusive shopping streets in the world. If you're looking for hip shops and thrift stores, head for the Niederdorf or the Stauffacher areas of Zurich.

Yemoq

Shuningdek qarang: Markaziy Evropa oshxonalari

A pot of Fondue, pieces of bread and fondue forks

While Switzerland has had long culinary exchange with the cuisine of its neighbours, it has several iconic dishes of its own.

Switzerland is famous for many kinds of pishloq like Gruyère, Emmentaler (known simply as "Swiss cheese" in the U.S.), and Appenzeller, just to name a very few of the about 450 kinds of cheese of Swiss origin. Two of the best known Swiss dishes, fondu va raclette, are cheese based. Fondue is a pot of melted cheese that you dip pieces of bread into using long forks. Usually fondue is not made of one single type of cheese, but instead two or three different cheeses are blended together with white wine, garlic and kirsch liqueur with regional variations. The most popular blend of cheese varieties is called moitié-moitié and consists of equal parts Gruyère AOP and Vacherin Fribourgeois AOP. Traditionally fondue is eaten during cold periods at altitude with one pot for the whole table, served with hot black tea and hardly any additional side dishes - not surprising, since it used to be a cheap and often the only dish for a herdsman high up in the mountains far away from civilization with only basic equipment. However you can now get fondue for one person during the summer time in tourist-oriented restaurants. Another cheese dish, raclette, is made by heating a large piece of cheese and scraping off the melted cheese, which is then eaten together with boiled potatoes and pickled vegetables. Cheese-lovers should also try Älplermakkaronen, Alpine herdsmen's macaroni with melted cheese and potato served with apple compote which is another very simple but very tasty dish originally from central Switzerland.

Another typically Swiss dish is Rösti, a potato dish quite similar to hash browns. Originally, it is a dish from German-speaking Switzerland, and it gives its name to the colloquial political term Röstigraben (lit.: Rösti ditch) which refers to the quite different political preferences and voting habits of the German-speaking and the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

Probably the best known meat dishes are the incredibly common sausage known as Cervelat, usually grilled on a stick over an open camp fire, and the speciality of region around Zürich, Zürcher Geschnetzeltes (or in the local dialect: Züri Gschnätzlets), sliced veal in a mushroom sauce usually accompanied by Rösti. Very typical for Lucerne is the Luzerner Kugelpasteten (or in the local dialect: Lozärner Chügelipastete), is Brät (less expensive meat, minced, mixed with water and egg) formed as small balls, served in puff-pastry baskets, and poured with a ragout made of meat, agaricus mushrooms and raisins. In French-speaking Switzerland you will find the saucisse aux choux va saucisson vaudois and around Basel the liver dish Basler Leber(li) (or in the local dialect: Baasler Lääberli). Bern is known for the Berner Platte (lit.: Bernese Plate), a dish comprising various pork products, boiled potatoes, Sauerkraut (cabbage), and dried beans, besides others. This was traditionally an autumn dish, since the slaughter historically used to happen when weather was cold enough again to prevent any spoiling of the meat. The slaughter season and their dishes are called Metzgete in the German part of Switzerland and is still prominent on the menus of rural restaurants during this season.

If you instead prefer fish to meat, Swiss restaurants often serve the freshwater fish found in the many rivers and lakes. The most common fish dishes among the 55 kinds of Swiss fish include trout, European perch, or the whitefish known as (Blau-)Felchen, corégone/féra, yoki coregone blaufelchen respectively, cooked in a variety of ways. However, you will also find many imported fish on Swiss menus, since the domestic business (fished or bred) can never fulfill the strong demand for fish. Also, because the fish haul has become about a third smaller than 30 years ago, exclusively due to the much better quality of water nowadays; from this point of view, Swiss water is too clean!

In autumn, after hunting season, you will find many fabulous game va mushroom dishes. Many traditional game dishes come with Chnöpfli (lit.: diminutive of knobs; a soft egg noodle), red cabbage or Brussel sprouts, cooked pears and are topped with mountain cranberry jam. However, nowadays the game (venison, roe, chamois, boar, rabbit) mainly originates from farms in order to fulfill the high demand.

The mountain region of Graubünden has a distinctive culinary repertoire, including capuns (rolls of Swiss chard filled with dough and other ingredients), pizokel dumplings, the rich and creamy barley soup Gerstensuppe, and a sweet dense nut pie called Bündner Nusstorte. Also from this region is a thinly-sliced cured meat known as Bündnerfleisch. Most mountain areas in Switzerland produce their own cured and air-dried meats and salamis which are highly recommended.

The canton of Appenzell in eastern Switzerland is known for various sausage dishes, including Appenzeller Siedwurst va Appenzeller Bauernschüblig. Another favorite meat delicacy are Appenzeller Mostbröckli, a type of spiced, cured and smoked beef. The local cheese is branded as Appenzeller Käse and is supposedly made from a secret recipe. On the sweet end of the spectrum, Appenzeller Bärli-Biber is a soft gingerbread with an almond filling, and Landsgmendchrempfli is a sugar and egg based pastry filled with hazelnut paste.

It is very easy to come by high-quality Italian cuisine in Switzerland, but when in Italian-speaking Ticino be sure to try the local specialities based around polenta (a corn dish), risotto (the rice of the same name is exclusively cultivated in Ticino and northern Italy), and many kind of marroni (chestnuts) dishes in Autumn, either as part of a cooked meal, or simply roasted during very cold winter days in the streets, or as a special sweet dessert called vermicelles.

Swiss chocolate is world famous and there is a large range of different chocolate brands.

The well-known breakfast dish Müesli comes from Switzerland, actually originally called Birchermüesli, is well-worth trying - oats soaked in water, milk, or fruit juice and then mixed with yoghurt, fruits, nuts and apple shavings.

Of course, there are many more local and traditional dishes and meals to be found, which can not all be listed. There is a whole site dedicated solely to the Culinary Heritage of Switzerland by canton, though only available in one of the official Swiss languages.

Like most other things, eating out is qimmat Shveytsariyada. One way to reduce food costs is to eat in the cafeterias of department stores such as Coop, Migros, and Manor. These cafeterias are usually considerably less expensive than stand-alone restaurants. Coop and Manor also offer beer and wine with meals while Migros does not. Smaller department store outlets might not have a cafeteria. Kebab shops and pizza restaurants abound in urban Switzerland, and these are often cheap options. In the major cities, more exotic fare is usually available - at a price.

Supermarket chains

Swiss employment law bans working on Sundays, so shops are closed. An exception is any business in a railway station, which is deemed to be serving travellers and so is exempt. If you want to find an open shop on a Sunday, go to the nearest big railway station. If a business is a family owned, hence small shops, such as bakeries namely, can also open on Sundays in most cantons.

Swiss supermarkets can be hard to spot in big cities. They often have small entrances, but open out inside, or are in a basement, leaving the expensive street frontages for other shops. Look for the supermarket logos above entrances between other shops. Geneva is an exception and you usually don't have to go very far to find a Migros or Coop.

The most important supermarket brands are:

• Migros - This chain of supermarkets (a cooperative) provides average-to-good quality food and non-food products and homeware. However, they do not sell alcoholic beverages or cigarettes. Brand name products are rare as the chain does their own brands (quality is good). Migros stores can be spotted by a big, orange Helvetica letter "M" sign. The number of "M" letters indicates the size of the store and the different services available - "M" is usually a smaller grocery store, "MM" may be larger and sells other goods like clothing, and a "MMM" is a full department store with household goods and possibly electronics and sporting goods. Offers change weekly on Tuesdays.
• Coop - Also a cooperative. Emphasis on quality as well as multi-buy offers, points collection schemes and money off coupons. Sells many major brands. Come at the end of the day to get half-priced salads and sandwiches. Coop City is usually a department store with a Coop grocery store inside, a multi-floor layout provides space for clothing, electrical items, stationary, paperware as well as beauty products and perfume. Offers change weekly (some exceptions - fortnightly), on Tuesdays.
• Denner - A discount grocery store, noticeable for their red signs and store interiors. Relatively low priced. Offers change weekly, usually from Wednesday. Denner is owned by Migros.
• Coop Pronto - a convenience store branch of Coop, usually open late (at least 20:00) seven days a week. Usually has a petrol, filling-station forecourt.
• Aperto - also a convenience store, located in the railway stations. Owned by Coop, it sells more or less the same products as Coop Pronto.
• Manor - the Manor department stores often have a grocery store on the underground level.
• Globus - in the largest cities the Globus department stores have an upscale grocery store on the underground level.

Coop offers a low-price-line (Coop Prix-Garantie) of various products, and in Migros you can find the corresponding "M-Budget" products. Sometimes it's exactly the same product, just for cheaper price. They also offer cheap prepaid mobiles some of the cheapest call rates.

The German discounters Aldi va Lidl are also present in Switzerland. The prices are a little lower than at the other supermarket chains, but still significantly higher than in Germany.

Ichish

Virtually all tap suv – including that in households or hotel rooms – is perfectly drinkable, thoroughly and frequently monitored, and of excellent quality. About 85% of Swiss residents drink tap water daily; there is no need to buy drinking water. There are many drinking water fountains to be found, especially in towns and villages, e.g. in Zurich more than 1200, or in Basel about 170. The few exceptions, such as in train toilets, are clearly signed with "Kein Trinkwasser" (German), "Non potable" (French), or "Non potabile" (Italian). Temporarily installed troughs on mountain meadows used to water the cattle are also not suitable for drinking.

Soft drinks in supermarkets are one of the few things that aren't notably more expensive than elsewhere in Central Europe. Local specialties are the lactose-based soft drink Rivella and the lemon-flavoured Elmer Citro.

Switzerland produces a surprisingly large amount of wine, with the climate and soil well-suited to many grape types. Very little of this wine is exported and is very reasonably priced in the supermarkets, so it is well worth trying! The Jeneva ko'li region is particularly famous for its wines, and the picturesque vineyards are worth visiting for their own right. However, wines are made throughout the country in Valais, Vaud, Ticino, Neuchâtel, the Lake Biel region, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Schaffhausen and even on the hills around Zurich and Basel - why not try a glass from your next destination?

Unfortunately, all the major Swiss pivo breweries have lost their Swiss origins because they have been acquired by major international corporations (e.g. Feldschlösschen belongs to Carlsberg, Eichhof and Calanda Bräu belong to Heineken). As a consequence, many other still Swiss breweries (e.g. Löwenbräu was taken over by Hürlimann, Hürlimann was taken over by Feldschlösschen, Warteck Bier and Gurten Bier was integrated into Feldschlösschen, Cardinal was taken over by Feldschlösschen-Hürlimann, now Carlsberg; Ziegelhof was acquired by Eichhof, Haldengut was integrated into Calanda Bräu, now Heineken) were consolidated and further closed due to too weak economics strength. But as a kind of constructive protest, many small, local breweries with new beers emerged around and after the turn of the millennium. O'sha paytdagi iqtisodchilarning qat'iy tavsiyalaridan farqli o'laroq, bu juda katta muvaffaqiyat edi, chunki ko'plab shveytsariyaliklar yirik pivo zavodlaridan yuz o'girgan, ammo ularning aksariyati mahalliy, mayda pivo zavodlari shunchaki yaxshi pivoni pishiring. Agar siz Coopdan pivoni topsangiz, u endi yosh yovvoyi tadbirkorlarga tegishli emas deb taxmin qilishingiz mumkin. Mahalliy aholidan qaysi pivoning yaxshi ekanligini so'rang, lekin ekspatat emas!

Uyqu

Stern und Post Amstegda, Shveytsariyaning odatdagi shaharcha mehmonxonasi

Shveytsariyadagi aksariyat turar joylarni hozirda yirik Internet-saytlar, hatto chekka hududlardagi mehmonxonalar va kulbalar orqali topish mumkin. Shunga qaramay, Shveytsariyadagi aksariyat sayyohlik zonalarida turistik ofis mavjud bo'lib, u erda siz qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz va ularga ozgina haq evaziga mehmonxonani bron qilib qo'yishingiz mumkin. Odatda har bir shaharchada o'z veb-saytida mehmonxonalarning to'liq ro'yxati mavjud va ko'pincha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mehmonxonada bron qilish osonroq va arzonroq bo'ladi. Ba'zi mehmonxonalar bron qilish uchun kredit kartangiz haqidagi ma'lumotlarni faks yoki elektron pochta orqali yuborishingizni so'rashadi. Umuman olganda, mehmonxona xodimlari foydali va malakali bo'lib, ingliz tilida yaxshi gapirishadi.

Ko'pgina Evropa mamlakatlarida bo'lgani kabi, Shveytsariya ham turar joy uchun keng imkoniyatlarni taklif etadi. Ular 5 yulduzli mehmonxonalardan lagerlarga, yoshlar yotoqxonalariga yoki pichan ichida uxlashga borishadi. Shveytsariyadagi mehmonxonalar turlariga tarixiy mehmonxonalar, an'anaviy mehmonxonalar, mamlakatda joylashgan mehmonxonalar, kurortlar va yotoq va nonushta kiradi.

Boshqa Evropa davlatlari bilan solishtirganda, Shveytsariyada turar joy, umuman olganda, eng qimmat turadi. Shveytsariyadagi mehmonxonalar narxlari, ayniqsa mashhur tog'-chang'i kurortlari hududlari va yirik shaharlarda ancha qimmatlashishi mumkin.

Qoida tariqasida quyidagi narxlardan foydalanish mumkin:

• 5 yulduzli mehmonxona: Fr.dan Kecha / kishi uchun 350 kishi
• 4 yulduzli mehmonxona: Fr.dan Kecha / kishi uchun 180 kishi
• 3 yulduzli mehmonxona: Fr.dan Kecha / kishi uchun 120 kishi
• 2 yulduzli mehmonxona: Fr.dan Bir kishiga 80 kishi
• Xostel: Fr.dan Bir kishiga 30 kishi

Shveytsariya mehmonxonalarining yulduzlari hotelleriesuisse Shveytsariya mehmonxonalar uyushmasi. Mehmonxonalarning barcha a'zolari o'zlarining mehmonxona yulduzlarini olish uchun muntazam ravishda sifatli sinovlardan o'tishlari kerak. Yoqilgan swisshotels.com mehmonxona yulduzlari, infratuzilmasi va ixtisosliklari haqida ma'lumot topishingiz mumkin.

Maslahatlar barcha xizmatlarga kiritilgan. Maxsus harakatlar uchun, odatda, summani yaxlitlash orqali kichik maslahat har doim ma'qul.

Shuningdek, a arzon mehmonxona talabalar uchun Shveytsariyadagi tarmoq, narxlari Shveytsariya yoshlar yotoqxonalari^{[o'lik havola]} odatdagi Evropa darajasida.

O'rganing

Shveytsariyada Tsyurixdagi ETH, Jenevadagi IHEID, Lozanna universiteti yoki Sent-Gallen universiteti (HSG nomi bilan ham tanilgan) kabi dunyoda taniqli ba'zi universitetlar mavjud. Agar siz frantsuz, nemis yoki italyan tillarida gapira olmasangiz, avval til kursiga boring - ko'plab kurslar mahalliy tilni juda yaxshi bilishni talab qiladi. Ingliz tilida, xususan, magistrlar darajasida bir nechta darslar mavjud bo'lsa-da, bakalavr kurslari deyarli barchasi mahalliy tilda o'qitiladi va tekshiriladi. Shuni ham yodda tutingki, agar siz chet ellik bo'lsangiz va siz mashhur mavzularga borishni istasangiz, kirish testlaridan o'tishingiz kerak va yashash narxi juda yuqori.

Agar sizga arzonroq o'qishni yoqsangiz, Migros Klubschule-ga murojaat qiling, u deyarli barcha tillarda til kurslarini taklif qiladi, shuningdek ko'plab mavzular uchun juda ko'p turli xil kurslarni taklif qiladi; faqat bir qarash ularning veb-sayti. Siz turli xil "Volkshochschule" ni sinab ko'rishni xohlashingiz mumkin, ular juda ko'p miqdordagi mavzularni juda mos narxlarda taklif qilishadi (masalan. Tsyurixdagi biri, masalan; misol uchun).

Agar siz kattalar va o'smirlar uchun sifatli fransuz tili kurslarini qidirsangiz, Shveytsariyada frantsuz tilini shu bilan o'rganishingiz mumkin ALPADIA maktablari (ilgari ESL maktablari). Shuningdek, siz LSI (International Studies Language) ni tanlab, ularda joylashgan ko'plab maktablardan biriga borishingiz mumkin keng tarmoq Shveytsariyada frantsuz tilini o'rganish. Shveytsariya hukumati sizning Fr. Yiliga 21000 va viza uchun ariza qabul qilish uchun odatda tegishli tasdiqlashni talab qiladi. Ba'zilar uchun bu juda ko'p tuyulishi mumkin, ammo siz faqat shu miqdor bilan juda mo''tadil talabalik hayotini o'tkazasiz.

Ish

Agar siz Shveytsariyada ishlashni xohlasangiz va siz Shveytsariya fuqarosi bo'lmasangiz, demak siz ishlashga ruxsat olishlari shart. Ushbu ruxsatnomalarga muvofiqlik va shartlar sizning fuqaroligingiz, malakangiz va ishingizning o'ziga bog'liqdir - bularning barchasini oldindan ish beruvchining kantonida tekshiring. EI / EFTA davlatlari fuqarolari uch oygacha ishlashi mumkin ruxsatisiz, ammo baribir o'zlarining ish joylarini rasmiy organlarda ro'yxatdan o'tkazishlari kerak.

Shveytsariyada ishsizlik darajasi taxminan 3,3% ni tashkil etadi (2015). Shveytsariya maoshlarining yuqori darajasi yashashning yuqori xarajatlarini aks ettiradi, shuning uchun siz ish haqingiz bo'yicha muzokara olib borganingizda turar joy va ovqat uchun ko'p pul sarflashingiz kerak. Umuman olganda siz nominal ravishda haftasiga 42 soat ishlaysiz va 4 haftalik pullik ta'tilga egasiz.

Shveytsariyada umumiy qonuniy minimal ish haqi yo'q. Ish haqi siz ishlayotgan sohaga bog'liq, masalan, restoran va mehmonxona sanoati kabi ba'zi sohalarda, xodimlarga kamida Fr to'lash. Bir oylik to'liq ish kuni uchun 3134 yalpi daromad (sotib olish qobiliyati pariteti, 2100 AQSh dollari, 2016 yil avgust). Biroq, bu rasmiy qashshoqlik darajasidan ancha yuqori emas. Shveytsariyada tashqarida ovqatlanish arzon emasligining bir sababi ham shunda. Ishdan tashqari ish odatda past darajadagi ish uchun to'lanadi, agar shartnomada boshqacha kelishuv bo'lmasa.

Agar siz o'rtacha ish haqini tarmoqlar bo'yicha tekshirishni xohlasangiz yoki sizga kerakli miqdorni to'lashingizga ishonch hosil qilsangiz, shveytsariyalik xodimlar kasaba uyushmalarida juda yaxshi tashkil etilgan SGB va har doim sizga yordam berishni xohlaydi. Agar ish beruvchingiz bilan muammoga duch kelsangiz, tegishli kasaba uyushmasi yordam izlash uchun yaxshi joy.

2014 yil fevral oyida Shveytsariya xalqi hukumatdan kvotalar yordamida immigratsiyani nazorat qilishni talab qiladigan referendumni deyarli ma'qulladi. Shveytsariya ilgari Evropa Ittifoqi bilan (deyarli barcha) Evropa Ittifoqi davlatlari fuqarolariga mamlakatda ishlashga ruxsat beruvchi shartnomalar tuzgan edi. Referendumdan so'ng Shveytsariya va Evropa Ittifoqi ma'lum hududlarda ma'lum ish joylarini birinchi navbatda mamlakat aholisi uchun shveytsariyalik yoki chet ellik bo'lishidan qat'i nazar taqdim etish imkoniyatini beradigan sxemaga kelishib oldilar. Shuning uchun referendumdan keyin amalda ozgina o'zgarishlar yuz berdi.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Shveytsariya - Evropaning eng xavfsiz mamlakatlaridan biri, ammo Rolex kiygan bankirlarni va chalg'ituvchi sayyohlarni jalb qiladigan har qanday joyda ham bir nechta odam chiqadi. cho'ntaklar. Shubhasiz, mollarni kuzatib turing, ayniqsa yozgi olomon o'rtasida. Umuman olganda, siz istalgan vaqtda istalgan joyda xavfsizsiz. Agar biron sababga ko'ra sizga tahdid sezilsa, yaqin atrofdagi restoran yoki telefon kabinasini qidiring. Shveytsariyadagi shoshilinch telefon raqami - 112 va operatorlar odatda ingliz tilida so'zlashadilar.

Shveytsariyaning bir nechta korxonalari sizning bosmaxonangizni nashr etadi butun kredit karta raqami kvitansiyaga, shuning uchun Shveytsariyada kredit karta bilan xarid qilishda shaxsni o'g'irlash xavfi tug'diradi. Shuning uchun, kredit kartalaridan foydalanadigan mehmonlar, barcha kvitansiyalarda bosilgan ma'lumotni tashlamasdan oldin ularni diqqat bilan o'rganib chiqishi kerak. Bu, masalan, ba'zi kitoblar va kiyim-kechaklar do'konlarida va hatto hamma joyda joylashgan K-Kioskda sodir bo'ladi. Ushbu ro'yxat aniq emas; shuning uchun mehmon kredit kartasidan foydalanishda ehtiyot bo'lishi kerak.

Yolg'iz sayohat qilayotgan ayollarda hech qanday muammo bo'lmasligi kerak. Yosh shveytsariyaliklar mehr-muhabbat namoyishlari bilan juda ochiq bo'lishadi - ba'zan juda ochiq, va ba'zi ayollar, ayniqsa, klub va bar sahnasi yaqinida odamlar bilan do'stona munosabatda bo'lishlari mumkin. Odatda cho'tkalarni o'chirish yoki shunchaki yurish uchun xalqaro til etarli.

Shveytsariya politsiyasi nisbatan sodda bo'lmagan havoni qabul qiladi; ularning mavjudligi atrof-muhitga tahdid solishi mumkin deb hisoblaganligi sababli, ular parda ortida qolishni afzal ko'rishadi. Ba'zi yuqori politsiyalangan mamlakatlardan farqli o'laroq, ofitserlar kamdan-kam hollarda fuqarolarga murojaat qilib, ularga yordam kerakmi yoki shunchaki patrul orqali borligini belgilaydilar. Biroq, politsiya haqiqatan ham yo'l harakati qoidalarini buzishga jiddiy munosabatda. Masalan, Jaywalking yoki piyodalarning qizil chirog'idan o'tib ketish joyida jarimaga tortiladi. Qattiq yo'l harakati qoidalarining teskari tomoni shundaki, avtoulov haydovchilari odatda juda yaxshi intizomga ega, piyodalar o'tish joylarida to'xtab qolishadi. Futbol o'yinlari yuqoridagi qoidadan tashqari yagona istisno hisoblanadi. Bezorilarning zo'ravonlik xavfi tufayli, ushbu o'yinlar (ayniqsa Bazel yoki Tsyurixda) odatda tartibsizliklar yuz berganda politsiyachilarning ko'p qismi tartibsizliklar, rezina o'qlar va ko'zdan yosh oqizuvchi gaz bilan harakat qilishadi.

Shveytsariyada juda kuchli Yaxshi samariyalik qonunlar mavjud bo'lib, u muhtojlikka yordam berishni fuqarolik burchiga aylantiradi, garchi o'z-o'zidan asossiz xavf tug'dirmasa ham. Shuning uchun odamlar favqulodda vaziyatga tushib qolgan bo'lsangiz, sizga yordam berishga juda tayyor va tayyor. Xuddi shu narsa, agar siz xavf ostida bo'lgan biron kishiga guvoh bo'lsangiz, sizga tegishli. Ehtiyojmand kishiga yordam berishdan bosh tortish qonun bilan "Verweigerung der Hilfeleistung", ya'ni yordamni rad etish bilan jazolanishi mumkin. Kelajakda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan fuqarolik javobgarligi sababli begonalar bilan chalkashib ketmaslik uchun amerikaliklarning umumiy talablari Shveytsariyada qo'llanilmaydi, chunki yordam ko'rsatayotgan biron kishiga qarshi fuqarolik da'vosini qo'zg'atish deyarli mumkin emas.

Pivo, sharob va sidrni ichish yoshi 16 yoshni tashkil qiladi, bundan tashqari Tino 18 yoshga to'lgan bo'lsa, boshqa har qanday spirtli ichimliklar (masalan, spirtli ichimliklar, "alkopoplar" va boshqalar) uchun yosh 18 yoshni tashkil qiladi. qonuniy, shuning uchun jamoat mulki yoki jamoat transportida bir guruh o'spirinning oltita qadoqni ichayotganini ko'rsangiz qo'rqmang; bu hech qachon odatdagidan tashqarida emas va uni tahdid deb talqin qilmaslik kerak.

Shveytsariya bema'ni fuqarolik da'volari va zararni qoplash bo'yicha da'volar mamlakati emas; binobarin, biror narsa qilmang degan belgi yoki rad javobini ko'rsangiz, itoat eting! Misol: ko'plab Alp tog'lari hududlarida maftunkor kichik tog 'oqimlari yonida "Suzishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi" degan yozuvlar bo'lishi mumkin. Bilimsizlarga bu biroz yuqoriroq bo'lib tuyulishi mumkin, ammo bu alomatlar suv oqimini ogohlantirishsiz katta miqdordagi oqizib yuborishi mumkin bo'lgan gidroelektr stantsiyalari mavjudligining natijasidir.

Tog'li hududlarda, ob-havo sharoiti haqida turistik ma'lumot idorasida yoki mahalliy temir yo'l stantsiyasida ertalab yo'lga chiqqanda ishonch hosil qiling. Ular og'ir ob-havo sharoiti haqida yaxshi ma'lumotga ega bo'lishlari va ko'chkilar bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan joylar to'g'risida maslahat berishlari kerak.

Shaxsiy guvohnoma va pasportga ega bo'lmagan har qanday qora tanli, sharqiy evropalik yoki arab fuqarosi noqonuniy immigrant deb taxmin qilish va ularga nisbatan muomala qilishda politsiya bilan bog'liq muammolar mavjud. Agar yolg'iz sayohat qilsangiz, bu juda katta muammo bo'lishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, qonuniy majburiyat bo'lmasa-da, shaxsiy guvohnoma yoki pasportingizni saqlang. Shu bilan birga, politsiya har qanday holatda ham sizning shaxsingizni tasdiqlovchi hujjatni so'rashga qonuniy huquqi bor va agar siz shaxsiy guvohnoma yoki pasportingizni ko'rsata olmasangiz, ular sizni identifikatsiya qilish maqsadida sizni militsiya bo'limiga olib borishga ruxsat etiladi. Shunday qilib har bir shveytsariyalik kabi qilavering: shaxsiy guvohnoma (yoki pasport) yoningizda bo'lsin.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Odatda Shveytsariyada oziq-ovqat va suv bilan bog'liq muammolar yo'q. Restoranlar qat'iy qoidalar bilan nazorat qilinadi. Suv "Kein Trinkwasser", "Ichishga yaroqsiz" yoki "Potabile bo'lmagan" bilan aniq belgilanmagan bo'lsa, hamma joyda, hattoki har bir musluktan, ayniqsa, jamoat favvoralaridan ichish mumkin. Yaqin atrofdagi ariq xizmat qiladigan mollarni sug'orish uchun o'tloqdagi vaqtincha o'rnatilgan truba ichmang.

Deyarli har bir oziq-ovqat do'konida ko'plab organik oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari mavjud Biova genetik jihatdan modifikatsiyalangan har qanday oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini olib kirish va sotish noqonuniy hisoblanadi.

Shveytsariyada shifoxonalar va klinikalarning zich tarmog'i mavjud va davlat shifoxonalari sizni favqulodda vaziyatda qabul qiladi. Shuningdek, Tsyurix, Bazel va Luzern kabi yirik temir yo'l stantsiyalarida 24 soatlik "doimiylik" klinikalari mavjud bo'lib, ular shoshilinch bo'lmagan kasalliklarni tayinlashsiz davolashga qodir. Davolash xarajatlari tezda oshib ketishi mumkin, shuning uchun siz ushbu to'lovlarni cho'ntagingizdan to'lay olmasangiz, sizga yaxshi qamrovli sayohat sug'urtasi kerak bo'ladi.

Hurmat

Jenevadagi ko'cha belgisi, ziyofat qatnashchilaridan tunda ovozlarini pasaytirmasliklarini so'raydi

Shveytsariyada ingliz tili keng tarqalgan, ammo mahalliy tilda gaplashishga har qanday urinish har doim qadrlanadi, hatto sizga inglizcha javob bersangiz ham. Suhbatni boshlashdan oldin ularning ingliz tilida gaplashadimi yoki yo'qligini so'rash har doim muloyim. Hech bo'lmaganda sayohat qilmoqchi bo'lgan mintaqangiz tilida "salom", "xayr", "iltimos" va "rahmat" ni o'rganishga harakat qiling. "Men istardim ..." ham bu ibora sizga yordam bering.

Nemis, frantsuz va italyan tillarida so'zning rasmiy va norasmiy shakllari mavjud siz, bu siz foydalanadigan fe'lning konjugatsiyasini va ba'zan iboralarni o'zgartiradi. Masalan, norasmiy ibora bu haqda tashvishlanmang frantsuz tilida ne t'en fais pas va rasmiy ne vous en faites pas. Rasmiy sizdan kattaroq, ustun deb hisoblangan, ishda sizdan kattaroq martabaga ega bo'lgan yoki oddiygina ko'chadagi begonaga hurmat ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi. Norasmiy yaqin do'stlar, qarindoshlar va tengdoshlar bilan ishlatiladi. Umumiy qoida bo'yicha, siz yaxshi tanimaydigan, o'zingizning martabangiz bo'yicha ustun bo'lgan yoki oqsoqol bilan norasmiy munosabatda bo'lmasligingiz kerak. Yaqin do'stlaringiz va yosh odamlaringiz bilan norasmiy foydalaning. Tengdoshlar kulrang maydonga aylanishi mumkin va ular norasmiy foydalanishni so'ramaguniga qadar avval rasmiydan foydalanish maqsadga muvofiqdir.

Shveytsariyada maxfiylik juda qadrlanadi, ehtimol boshqa Evropa mamlakatlari bilan taqqoslaganda. Biror kishining shaxsiy, siyosiy yoki diniy e'tiqodlari to'g'risida so'rash, siz kimdir bilan yaxshi tanish bo'lmaguningizcha, taqiqlangan joylardir. Do'stlik va munosabatlar juda jiddiy ishlar sifatida qaraladi va tanishdan do'stlikka qadar bo'lgan yo'l ko'pincha uzoq bo'ladi.

Do'stlar bir-birlarining yonoqlaridan uch marta - chapda, o'ngda, chapda o'pishadi va frantsuz va nemis tillarida so'zlashadigan qismlarda kimdir bilan tanishish odatiy holdir. Agar bu biznes bilan bog'liq uchrashuv bo'lsa, siz shunchaki qo'l berib ko'rasiz. Uyalmang - agar siz avansni rad qilsangiz, bu sizga noqulay va qo'pol ko'rinishi mumkin. Soxta "havo" bilan o'pish kabi, aslida siz lablaringizni teriga tegizishingiz shart emas.

Axlatni tozalash, ayniqsa, aksilijtimoiy deb hisoblanadi. Ba'zi kantonlarda axlatni tashlaganlik uchun jarimalar mavjud (taxminan 40 dan 80 gacha) va axlatni umuman noqonuniy qilish, shu jumladan, katta miqdordagi jarimalar rejalashtirilgan. Qayta ishlashga yaroqli axlatni to'g'ri belgilangan etiketka ichiga qo'yganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, chunki ba'zilarida qog'oz va PET plastmassa uchun maxsus idishlar mavjud. Ba'zi shahar axlat qutilarida ortiqcha shovqindan saqlanish uchun foydalanish vaqtlari cheklangan!

To'g'ri bo'ling. Bu shuni anglatadiki, agar bir daqiqadan ko'proq kechikmasa! Soatlar ishlab chiqarishi bilan tanilgan mamlakat uchun shveytsariyaliklar o'z vaqtida kelish bilan deyarli ovora bo'lishlari ajablanarli emas - temir yo'l tarmog'i hatto ba'zi bir boshqa mamlakatlar amalga oshirib bo'lmaydigan deb hisoblagan darajaga bog'liq.

Shveytsariyalik nemislar, xususan, Germaniya va nemislarga noaniq va ko'pincha salbiy qarashga ega. Nemislar baland ovozda, odobsiz va shveytsariyaliklarning tasalli berishiga qarama-qarshi qarashadi. Buning bir sababi shveytsariyalik nemislar so'rov yuborishda odob-axloq qoidalarini buzishni yaxshi ko'radilar, nemislar, xususan almannik bo'lmagan nemislar esa to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yoki hatto ochiq.

Ulanmoq

1990-yillarda paydo bo'lgan ko'plab Internet-kafelar yopildi, chunki Shveytsariya dunyodagi uylarda yuqori tezlikdagi Internetga ulanish ko'rsatkichlaridan biri hisoblanadi, ammo ba'zi yirik temir yo'l stantsiyalarida bir nechta internet-terminallar bo'lishi mumkin. Turistik ofis sizni eng yaqin ofisga yo'naltirishi kerak. Oddiy narx - Fr. 20 daqiqa davomida 5. Shveytsariya Federal temir yo'llari (SBB CFF FFS) endi o'z stantsiyalarida bepul WLAN-ni taklif qilmoqda.

Bundan tashqari, siz elektron pochta xabarlarini, SMS-xabarlarni (mobil telefonlarga matnli xabarlar) yoki qisqa matnli fakslarni deyarli har bir umumiy telefon kabinasidan bir frankdan kamiga yuborishingiz mumkin. Ba'zi bir umumiy telefon stendlari Internetni ko'rib chiqishga imkon beradi. Ko'p savdo markazlari va shaharlar mavjud (Lozanna va Vevey masalan) bepul simsiz Internetga ulanishni taklif qiluvchi: mahalliy yoshlardan so'rang; ehtimol ular qaerga borishni bilishadi.

Umumiy foydalanish telefonlari ajablanarli darajada arzon va kredit kartalari uchun qo'shimcha to'lov yo'q.

Agar siz bir oz vaqt tursangiz, 900/1800 MGts chastotada GSM standartini qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan har qanday telefonda foydalanishingiz mumkin bo'lgan oldindan to'langan uyali telefon kartasini sotib olish tavsiya etilishi mumkin - ularning narxi odatda Fr. 10-40 va ko'plab shaharlarda Swisscom, Salt yoki Sunrise uyali aloqa provayderlari do'konlarida olish mumkin. Hatto tog'li, aholi yashamaydigan hududlarda ham uyali aloqa tarmog'ining qamrovi maydoni bo'yicha 100% ga yaqin.

Boshqa provayderlarning mahalliy qo'ng'iroqlari uchun oldindan to'lanadigan arzon kartalar ham juda ko'p. Katta supermarketlarning oldindan to'langan kartalari Migros (M-Budget-Mobile) va Coop (Coop Mobile^{[o'lik havola]}) masalan, Fr. 20 va allaqachon Fr. 15 efir vaqti. Shveytsariya ichidagi qo'ng'iroqlar uchun eng arzon oldindan to'lanadigan karta Aldi Mobile: Fr. 0.14 / min Shveytsariya qattiq va Aldi mobile, Fr. 0.34 / min boshqa mobil telefonlar. Xalqaro aloqa uchun eng arzon oldindan to'lanadigan karta Yallo: Fr. Shveytsariya va butun Evropa va boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlarga (mobil va qattiq tarmoqlarga) 0,39 / min. Bunga Buyuk Britaniya, AQSh, Kanada, Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya kiradi. SMS narxi Fr. 0.10. Oldindan to'langan kartalarni Internet orqali (30 fr. 30 efir vaqti bilan), ko'pgina pochta aloqasi bo'limlaridan (29 fr. 20 efir vaqti bilan) yoki Sunrise do'konlaridan (20 fr. 20 efir vaqti bilan) sotib olish mumkin. Boshqa arzon narxlardagi oldindan to'lanadigan karta Lebara Mobile-ni (Sunrise-ning qardosh kompaniyasi) taqdim etadi. Oldindan to'langan kartani Fr. 5 ekvivalenti bilan suhbatlashish vaqti va zaryadlash kuponlari bilan voxta narxiga teng bo'lgan suhbat vaqtini taklif qiladi.