Berlin - Berlin

Xuddi shu nomdagi boshqa joylar uchun qarang Berlin (ajralish).

Berlin bir nechta shahar bo'lgan ulkan shahar tuman ma'lum joylar, restoranlar va turar joylar haqida ma'lumotni o'z ichiga olgan maqolalar.

Brandenburg darvozasi (Brandenburger Tor)

Berlin Germaniyaning poytaxti va bilan keng ko'lamli Er Berlin, Germaniya Federativ Respublikasini tashkil etuvchi 16 federal davlatlardan biri. Aholisi 3,8 million kishi (2019) (va "shahar atrofi" da million kishi ko'proq) Potsdam shtat bo'ylab Brandenburg), Berlin Germaniyaning eng katta shahri. Berlinga poytaxt sifatida e'tibor berish va uning hukmronligi tarixda London, Parij yoki Madridga qaraganda ancha zaifroq bo'lib kelgan, bu nafaqat Germaniyaning federal tabiati va shaharda sodir bo'lgan halokatli urush va bo'linish tufayli.

Berlin ko'p jihatdan Evropa poytaxtlari orasida g'ayrioddiy va to'rtinchi o'n yillik bo'linish - ularning 28 yilini jismonan devor ajratib turishi ham iz qoldirgan. 18-asrning boshlarida shunchaki daryo suvlari shaharchasi bo'lgan Berlin 19-asrning 20-yillariga kelib dunyodagi eng muhim va eng yirik shaharlaridan biriga aylandi, natijada uning ahamiyati va tarixiy me'morchiligining aksariyati yo'qoldi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi va nemis bo'limi. Qadimgi yurak Prussiya va ning markazlashtirilgan nuqtasi Sovuq urush, Berlin bugun yana Evropaning eng boy davlatlaridan birining kosmopolit poytaxti sifatida o'z kuchiga kirmoqda. "Arm aber sexy" (kambag'al, ammo shahvoniy) sobiq meri istaganidek, Berlin dunyoning boshqa shaharlari singari yoshlar, talabalar va ijodiy bohemni jalb qiladi. Prussiya monarxizmi, natsizm, Sharqiy Germaniya kommunizmidan me'moriy meros bilan va Potsdamer Platz1990 yildan va 2000 yillarga qadar qadalgan devor tufayli "bo'sh tuval" bo'lganidan so'ng, Berlin me'morchiligi uning mahallalari va aholisi singari xilma-xil. Va kosmopolit poytaxt sifatida uzoq tarixga ega bo'lganligi sababli (birinchi navbatda Prussiya va keyinchalik Germaniya) u uch yuz yildan oshiq vaqt davomida butun dunyo bo'ylab immigrantlarni jalb qilmoqda, ular shaharda o'z izlarini qoldirishda davom etmoqdalar.

Berlin madaniyat, siyosat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va ilm-fanning dunyo shahri. Uning iqtisodiyoti yuqori texnologiyali firmalar va xizmat ko'rsatish sohasi, turli xil ijodiy sohalar, ilmiy-tadqiqot muassasalari va media korporatsiyalarga asoslangan. Axborot texnologiyalari, biotexnologiya, qurilish va elektronika sohalari qatoriga kiradi. Berlin dunyoga taniqli universitetlar, orkestrlar, muzeylar va ko'ngil ochish joylari joylashgan bo'lib, ko'plab sport tadbirlariga mezbonlik qiladi. Uning Zoologik bog'i Evropada eng ko'p tashrif buyuriladigan hayvonot bog'i va dunyodagi eng mashhur hayvonot bog'i hisoblanadi. Yaqin Babelsbergda dunyodagi eng qadimgi yirik ko'lamli kinostudiya majmuasi bilan Berlin xalqaro kinostudiyalar uchun tobora ommalashib borayotgan joy. Shahar o'zining festivallari, tungi hayoti, zamonaviy san'atlari va hayotning juda yuqori sifati bilan mashhur.

Tumanlar

Berlinni markazlar klasteri sifatida ko'rish mumkin. Berlinda ko'plab tumanlar mavjud (Bezirke) va har bir tuman bir nechta joylardan iborat (Kiez yoki Viertel) - ushbu tumanlar va joylarning har biri o'ziga xos uslubga ega. Berlinning ba'zi tumanlari boshqalarga qaraganda tashrif buyuruvchilar e'tiboriga loyiqdir. Ilgari Berlin 23 ta okrugga bo'linib ketgan va bu tumanlar Vikivoyajda ishlatilgan, chunki ular shaharning mashhur tushunchalarida etakchi bo'lib qoladi va tashrif buyuruvchilar bilishlari uchun foydalidir. 2001 yil yanvar oyida ma'muriy maqsadlarda tumanlar soni 23 tadan 12 taga qisqartirildi - asosan eski tumanlarni birlashtirish yo'li bilan - ba'zan ichki Berlin chegarasi bo'ylab. Tumanlarni taxminan sakkizta tumanga birlashtirish mumkin:

52 ° 30′0 ″ N 13 ° 25′12 ″ E

Berlin tumanlari

Tushuning

Tarix

Boshlanish

Bu hudud, birinchi navbatda, XI-XII asrlarda nemis tilida so'zlashuvchi muhojirlar kelishidan oldin slavyanlar tomonidan joylashtirilgan. Hozirgi Berlin hududidagi aholi punktlarining dastlabki dalillari - bu taxminan 1192 yilgacha bo'lgan yog'och novda va 2012 yil Berlin Mitte qazishma paytida topilgan 1174 yilgacha bo'lgan yog'och uylarning qoldiqlari. Hozirgi Berlin hududidagi shaharlarning dastlabki yozma yozuvlari 12-asr oxiridan boshlangan. Birinchi marta Spandau haqida 1197 yilda va Kopenikda 1209 yilda eslatib o'tilgan, ammo bu joylar 1920 yilgacha Berlin tarkibiga kirmagan (pastga qarang). Berlinning yadrosi ikkita shahar edi: Berlin (hozirgi kunda Nikolaiviertel slavyan shahri sifatida boshlangan Alexanderplatzga yaqin) va kelib chiqishi german bo'lgan Köln, bugungi kunda muzey oroliga aylangan narsani o'z ichiga oladi. "Berlin" ning etimologiyasi to'liq aniqlanmagan bo'lsa-da (gerbdagi ayiq O'rta asr nemis tilida so'zlashuvchilarning tushunarli noto'g'ri taxminiga bog'liq), bu ehtimol slavyan tilidagi botqoq so'zi bilan bog'liq. Ha, Germaniyaning poytaxti edi so'zma-so'z botqoqda qurilgan. 1237 yil (rasmiy yozuvlarda birinchi marta Köln haqida eslatib o'tilgan) 1987 yilda 750 yillik tantanalar uchun asos bo'lib xizmat qilgan va bu kelajakdagi yubileylar uchun mos yozuvlar punkti sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin.

Hudud Berlin-Kyoln deb nomlandi va Brandenburg saylovchilari uchun turar joy edi, ammo u nisbatan kichik bo'lib qoldi. Natijada Berlin aholisining taxminan yarmi halok bo'ldi O'ttiz yillik urush (1618-1648). Boshqa Hohenzollern domenlarini ham vayron qilgan urush - diniy qochqinlarni ushbu hududga ko'chib o'tishga ruxsat berish va hatto ularni rag'batlantirish to'g'risida imzolangan Hohenzollern siyosatiga olib keldi. Siyosat birinchi marta "buyuk elektorat" Frederik Uilyam tomonidan e'lon qilingan (Fridrix Vilgelm, 1640-1688 yillarda hukmronlik qilgan) va u hukmron prussiyaliklarni Fridrix, Vilgelm yoki ikkalasi deb atash tendentsiyasini birlashtirgan, bu oxirgi nemis Kaiser Wilhelm II ga qadar davom etgan. , 1918 yilda taxtdan voz kechishga majbur bo'lgan.

Berlin poytaxtiga aylandi Prussiya 1701 yilda, ammo Potsdam Veymar davrida Hohenzollern hukmronligining ramzi bo'lib qoldi. 1710 yilda bir nechta mustaqil shaharlar Berlinga birlashtirilib, unga hozirgi kungacha saqlanib kelayotgan politsentrik joylashishni ta'minlashda yordam berildi. XVIII asrning Prussiya rahbarlari o'zlarining "ma'rifatli despotizmlari" va o'sha paytda Evropaning boshqa qismlarida mavjud bo'lgan diniy bag'rikenglik bilan mashhur edilar. Ushbu siyosat barcha Brandenburg / Prussiyaga foyda keltirdi, ammo ular Berlinga eng kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatdilar.

Kayzereyx va Veymar Respublikasi

Germaniya imperiyasi (Deutsches Reyx) 1871 yilda Prussiya hukmronligi ostida tashkil topgan va Berlin o'zining ma'muriy maqomi va sanoat markazi sifatida ham tez o'sib borgan ushbu yangi birlashgan Germaniyaning poytaxtiga aylandi. 1877 yilga kelib Berlinda bir milliondan ortiq aholi istiqomat qilar edi va 1900 yilga kelib shaharda 1,9 million aholi istiqomat qildi.

Garchi inqilobni ag'dargan bo'lsa ham Kayzer norozi dengizchilar orasida buzilgan edi KielDengiz jangida yo'qolgan urush oqimini burish uchun so'nggi befoyda (ammo admirallarning fikriga ko'ra ulug'vor) urinishda o'lishni xohlamagan, aynan Berlinda nemislarning eng hal qiluvchi voqealari bo'lgan Noyabr inqilobi sodir bo'ldi. Filipp Shaydemann - sotsial-demokrat - derazadan respublikani e'lon qildi Reyxstag 1918 yil 9-noyabrda. Bir necha soatdan keyin kommunist Karl Libknecht "ozod sotsialistik respublika" ni e'lon qildi, u sotsial-demokratlar va kommunistlarni etakchilik qiladimi yoki yo'qmi degan savolga 1914 yilda allaqachon zid bo'lgan. Birinchi jahon urushi, tubdan bo'linish. Berlin jang va betartiblik markazlaridan biriga aylandi. Sotsial-demokratlar o'ng qanotni tashkil etuvchi demobilizatsiya qilingan askarlar bilan ittifoqlashdi Freikorps isyonni bostirish uchun eski elita. Libeknxt va uning hamkasbi Roza Lyuksemburg Freikorps tomonidan o'ldirilgan va ularning jasadlari Landwehrkanalga tashlangan. Ko'pgina kommunistlarning xiyonat qilish hissi Veymar respublikasi davrida sotsial-demokratik partiyada dog 'bo'lib qolishini his qildilar. U ba'zi bir radikal chapchilar nazarida sotsial-demokratlar bilan o'ng-o'ng markazni birlashtirganiga misol sifatida shu kungacha davom etmoqda.

Ehtimol, Veymar davridagi eng yaxshi tanilgan yangi turar joy, Hufeisensiedlung Berlin-Britzda

1920 yilda Berlinni o'rab turgan shaharlarning so'nggi qo'shib olinishi bilan u bugun "Gross-Berlin" yoki Buyuk Berlin nomi bilan tanilgan ma'muriy chegaralarni yaratdi. Veymar davri, ehtimol, Berlinning ahamiyati va dunyodagi obro'sining eng yuqori nuqtasi bo'lgan. Shahar, qisman yuqorida aytib o'tilgan qo'shimchalar tufayli 4 million kishiga o'sdi (bu raqam 2019 yilda taxminan 3,8 millionga yaqinlashmoqda) va dunyodagi eng gavjum va ta'sirchan shaharlardan biri bo'lib, aholisining soni faqat Yangi tomonidan oshib ketdi York Siti va London. Gross-Berlin mintaqada faqat Los-Anjelesdan keyin dunyodagi ikkinchi yirik shahar edi va shahar bilan o'ralgan hudud taxminan bu shaharga tengdir. Rügen. Veymar respublikasi davrida tanilgan deyarli barcha siyosatchilar, ziyolilar, rassomlar, olimlar va boshqa jamoat arboblari Berlinda yashab ijod qildilar. Potsdamer Platz (dunyodagi birinchi svetoforlardan biri joylashgan joy) Evropada eng zich tirbandlikka ega joylardan biri hisoblanadi. Tez rivojlanayotgan S-Bahn (o'sha davrda elektrlashtirilgan) va U-Bahn ommaviy tranzit tizimlari bir-biriga teng bo'lmagan dunyo uchun namuna sifatida qaraldi. Tempelhof aeroporti (u holda fashistlar tomonidan qurilgan ramziy terminal binosiz) Evropaning eng yaxshi aeroportlaridan biri sifatida qaraldi va U-Bahnga ulanishi barcha yirik aeroportlarning kelishini ko'rsatdi. Berlin, shuningdek, butun dunyodan kelgan odamlar bilan madaniy va iqtisodiy natijalarga hissa qo'shadigan gavjum ko'p madaniyatli joy edi. Rivojlanayotgan tengsizliklar, hamma ham bumda ishtirok etmasligini anglatardi. 1929 yildagi iqtisodiy inqiroz va undan keyingi tejamkorlik choralari eng kambag'allarga nomutanosib ravishda qattiq zarba berdi. Shaharda uy-joy kam edi va uni bartaraf etish uchun mo'ljallangan ko'p qavatli uylar qurildi. Ushbu binolarning oltita guruhi "Berlin Modernizm uy-joy massivlari" nomi ostida YuNESKOning Butunjahon merosi ob'ektlari deb e'lon qilindi.

Siegessäule-dan Berlin panoramasi: kubokli Reyxstag binosi (chap tomonda chap tomonda), TV minorasi va gumbaz (chapda chapda), Brandenburg darvozasi (markazda)

Natsistlar davri va Ikkinchi Jahon urushi

Natsistlar Berlinni "Jahon poytaxti Germaniya" ga aylantirmoqchi edilar, ammo shukurki, urush bu rejalarga chek qo'ydi. Qolgan natsistlar binolari urushdan oldin qurilgan va ular bilan doim ham bog'liq emas, masalan, Olimpiya stadioni (1936 yilgi o'yinlar uchun qurilgan) va Tempelhof aeroportining terminal binosi. Berlin Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida havo bombardimonidan qattiq va bir necha bor zarba oldi. Gamburg yoki Drezdendan farqli o'laroq, hech qanday katta bombardimon va katta yong'in bo'lmagan, aksincha shaharning ko'p qismini tekislagan bir qator bombardimonlar bo'lgan. Urushning so'nggi oylarida Berlin urushning eng qonli janglaridan biri edi, chunki Sovet Ittifoqi generallari birin-ketin poyga berib birinchi bo'lib Berlinga etib kelishdi, chunki Stalin amerikaliklar va inglizlar ham Berlinni zabt etish niyatida edi. Natsistlar ham inson hayoti haqida bir marotaba o'ylamadilar va so'nggi haftalarda sovetlar avansini to'xtatish uchun befoyda urinishda juda keksa va juda yosh erkaklar xizmatga majbur bo'ldilar. O'sha paytda nemislar orasida "pichirlagan hazil" urush tugaganidan keyin aytilgan edi Volkssturm (qariyalar va o'spirinlar - Gitlerning har qanday turdagi so'nggi "askarlari") S-Bahni frontga olib ketishadi. Sovet askarining qizil bayroqni ko'targan ramziy surati Reyxstag o'sha davrga tegishli va 1945 yilda sovet askarlari tomonidan chizilgan grafitlarni hali ham Reyxstag binosida topish mumkin. Ba'zi chet ellik sayyohlar qaerda ekanligini so'rashni yaxshi ko'radilar Fyhrerbunker , ammo boshqa potentsial "natsizmga bag'ishlangan ibodatxonalar" singari u ham ittifoqchilar tomonidan barpo etilgan va hozirda avtoturargoh joylashgan. The Terrorlar topografiyasi ("Terror topografiyasi") Berlinning markazida joylashgan fashistlarning Berlindagi turli idoralari joylashgan joylarda va qaysi vahshiyliklar qaerga yo'naltirilganligi to'g'risida ma'lumot beradigan ochiq osmon ostidagi eksponat.

Sovuq urush

Yaltada va Potsdamning kelishuvlariga binoan Berlin to'rt sektorga bo'lingan (ikkinchisi asosan Berlinga eng yaqin joy bo'lganligi sababli, konferentsiya o'tkazish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan xonalari bo'lgan). Dastlab Berlin va Germaniyani birgalikda boshqarish rejalashtirilgan bo'lsa-da, o'zining tashqi jabhasi Berlinda birinchi bo'lib g'arbiy sektorlarning Sovet blokadasi bilan, keyin esa G'arbiy Berlinni Tempelhofdan foydalangan holda g'arbiy ittifoqchilar tomonidan etkazib beriladigan Berlin aeroporti bilan buzildi. Aeroport, RAF Gatow va keyinchalik Tegel aeroportiga aylanadi.

Tempelhof aeroportidagi havo kemalariga bag'ishlangan yodgorlik

Havo kemasi, shu jumladan, parashyutlarga tayyorlangan kichik paketlarni tashlab yuborish G'arbiy Berlindagi odamlarni G'arbiy ittifoqchilarga yoqtirdi va oxir-oqibat Sovetlarni blokadani tugatishga majbur qildi. "Mayiz bombardimonchi" degan nomga qaramay, tonnaji bo'yicha eng keng tarqalgan yagona narsa ko'mir edi. Sovetlar tomonidan ishg'ol qilingan elektr tarmoqlaridan uzilib qolganligi sababli, samolyotlar ham butun elektr stantsiyasida uchib ketishdi va keyinchalik u uchun yoqilg'i yoqilg'isi bo'lgan, ammo ko'mirning katta qismi xususiy uylarni isitish uchun ishlatilgan. G'arbiy Berlin keyinchalik G'arbiy Germaniyaning bir qismiga aylandi, agar nomidan bo'lmasa: ovoz berilmagan delegatlarni yubordi Bundestag xalq tomonidan saylanmasdan, Berlin parlamenti tomonidan tayinlanganlar; shunga o'xshash barcha federal qonunlar Berlin qonun chiqaruvchisi tomonidan tasdiqlanishi kerak edi, bu odatda hech qanday haqiqiy ovoz bermasdan yoki muhokama qilinmasdan amalga oshirildi. Muhimi, Berlin "qurolsizlantirildi" va shu sababli G'arbiy Berlindagi odamlar, ular Berlinda yoki boshqa joyda tug'ilgan bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, Bundesverda qonuniy ravishda xizmat qila olmaydilar va shu tariqa Berlinga ko'chib o'tish loyihadan qochishning eng mashhur usuli bo'ldi. Berlin tobora harbiylashgan va havo o'tkazmaydigan "ichki Germaniya" chegarasidagi so'nggi ochiq o'tish joyi bo'lib qoldi. 1961 yil 13 avgustda Sharqiy Germaniya (GDR) rahbariyati Sharqiy Germaniya etakchisi Valter Ulbrixtning "Niemand hat die Absicht eine Mauer zu errichten" (hech kim devor qurish niyati yo'q) matbuot anjumanida aytganidan bir necha hafta o'tgach chegarani yopdi. Keyingi yillarda chegara bir necha devorlar bilan tobora mustahkamlanib bordi. Betondan yasalgan eng taniqli devor tez orada uning g'arbiy tomonida grafiti bilan qoplangan bo'lib, u texnik jihatdan hali ham Sharqiy Berlinda bo'lgan, ammo na Sharqiy Germaniya va na G'arbiy Germaniya rasmiylari uni politsiya qilishni xohlamadilar yoki bajara olmadilar.

G'arbda ittifoqchilar bombardimonidan omon qolgan tarixiy binolarni saqlab qolish uchun harakat bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, GDR qutqarilishi mumkin bo'lgan binolarni qasddan buzib tashladi. The Stadtschloss feodalizm qoldig'i sifatida qaraldi va uning o'rniga Palast der Republik GDR parlamentida joylashgan va mashhur tadbir joyi sifatida ishlatilgan. U 1990 yildan keyin siyosiy birlashmalari va asbest tarkibi tufayli buzilgan. Yangi Stadtschloss o'sha joyda, uy-joy Gumboldt forumi Germaniyaning sharqidagi eng ko'zga ko'ringan vakillik binosi o'rnida feodal yodgorligining tiklanishi shubhali siyosiy bayonot sifatida qaralishi va bundan tashqari ko'plab eksponatlar mustamlakachilik davrida qo'lga kiritilishining shubhali usuli sifatida qaralayotgani munozaralarga sabab bo'ldi. davr.

Berlin urush va bo'linish bilan ikkita katta xitni qabul qilgan bo'lsa, Berlin bo'linish davri ham, ayniqsa G'arbiy yarmida noyob rivojlanishga olib keldi. G'arbiy Berlin alohida maqomga ega edi, chunki u hech qachon Germaniya Federativ Respublikasiga tegishli emas edi, garchi u G'arbiy Germaniya qonunlarining aksariyatini "ixtiyoriy ravishda" qo'llagan bo'lsa ham. Harbiy xizmatga qo'shilishni taqiqlash uni ko'plab talabalar va radikallar yoki chaqiruvdan qochishni istagan odamlar uchun joy qildi. 1967/68 yilgi talabalar qo'zg'olonlari asosan shu erda sodir bo'lgan. Aynan shu erda yosh Benno Ohnesorg 1967 yilda Eron shohiga qarshi namoyish paytida otib tashlandi. Bu fashistlar elitalarining davom etishiga, Vetnam urushi va yosh Germaniya Federativ Respublikasining bir necha bor sezilgan yoki tug'ma nuqsonlariga qarshi harakatni galvanizatsiya qildi. Ushbu harakat orqaga qaytarilgan deb nomlanadi vafot 68er (68erlar) Germaniyada bir nechta qaynoq nuqtalarga ega edilar, ammo u Berlinda eng ko'zga ko'ringan edi. Uning etakchisi, Brandenburgdan kelgan sharqiy nemis muhojiri Rudi Dutschke 1968 yilda Berlinda otib tashlangan. U otishdan omon qolgan, ammo 1979 yilda olingan jarohatlar tufayli tutilishdan vafot etgan. Ushbu davrda Kreuzberg, uning bir qismi (nomi bilan tanilgan) Pochta indeksiga ko'ra "Kreuzberg 36") uch tomondan devor bilan o'ralgan va chap tarafdorlar faolligining markaziga aylangan. Politsiya bilan tez-tez to'qnashuvlar bo'lib turdi, ular birlashgandan keyin vaqti-vaqti bilan takrorlanib turardi. Bo'lim paytida Devid Boui kabi rassomlar ilhom olish uchun Berlinga kelishdi. Bo'linishning ramzi bo'lgan diqqatga sazovor joylarni to'xtatish shaharga tashrif buyuradigan xorijiy davlatlarning asosiy tayanchiga aylandi. Ronald Reygan mashhur "Brandenburg darvozasi oldida" Devor tomonidan kirish mumkin bo'lmagan joyda turib, "mister Gorbachyov bu eshikni oching; janob Gorbachyov bu devorni yiqitib qo'ying" deganida.

Odamlar Sharqiy Germaniyadagi vaziyatdan charchagan va Gorbachev siyosatidan ruhlangan glasnost va qayta qurish - 1989 yilda tobora ko'payib borayotgan ko'chalarga chiqishdi. 1989 yil oktyabrda Aleksandrplatzda katta namoyish bo'lib o'tdi. 1989 yil 9 noyabrda Gyunter Shabovski birinchi bo'lib jonli GDR matbuot anjumani paytida chegara ochilishi to'g'risida yangi farmonni ovoz chiqarib o'qidi. Qachon kuchga kirishi to'g'risida keyingi savolga u "sofort, unverzüglich" (ya'ni darhol) deb javob berdi. Yangi farmonni ishlab chiqqan odamlar zudlik bilan kuchga kirishni mo'ljallamagan bo'lsalar-da, Shabovski faqat matbuot kotibi bo'lib, ushbu muhim tafsilotlar bilan aloqada emas edi. Ushbu siljish devor qulab tushgan degan fikrda odamlarni chegara postiga oqib kelishiga olib keldi. Haddan tashqari gvardiyachilar chegarani ochishdan boshqa ilojlari yo'q edi va bu kun "Berlin devorining qulashi" deb nomlandi. Keyingi kunlarda va haftalarda Devor qulab tushdi. Voqealar tez rivojlana boshladi va saylovlardan so'ng aniq birlashishni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi ko'pchilikni tashkil qilganidan so'ng, Sharqiy Germaniya GDRning 41 yilligi nishonlanishidan bir necha kun oldin, 1990 yil 3 oktyabrda G'arbiy Germaniyaga qo'shildi. Berlin birlashgan Germaniyaning poytaxtiga aylandi va aksariyat hukumat muassasalari u erga 1998 yilda ko'chib o'tdilar. Bu 89-yilgi lavozimda ishlagan va Germaniyani boshqa oddiy odamlardan ko'ra uzoqroq boshqargan Helmut Kolning kanslerligi tugagan paytga to'g'ri keldi.

Berlinning eskisi va yangisi - Marienkirche & TV minorasi

Birlashgandan keyingi tarix

Sanoatning deyarli etishmasligiga qaramay (urushdan omon qolgan narsa G'arbiy Berlindan chiqib ketgan yoki Sharqiy Berlinda milliylashtirilgan va asosan 1989/90 yillarda bankrot bo'lgan), Berlin immigrantlar uchun, ayniqsa, yosh va yaxshi o'qimishli odamlar uchun katta ahamiyatga ega. Deyarli barcha yirik poytaxtlardan farqli o'laroq, Berlin milliy o'rtacha ko'rsatkichdan bir oz kam ta'minlangan va shuning uchun urushdan keyingi davrda nisbatan arzon narxlarda ijara va yashash xarajatlari mavjud bo'lib, 2020 yilga kelib o'z tengdoshlariga etib boradigan keskin o'sish tendentsiyasiga ega. Bu birlashib Berlinni startap fenomenining markazlaridan biriga aylantirdi.

Urush tugaganidan beri munitsipal moliya Berlinni qiynab kelmoqda, garchi birlashgandan beri tobora ko'proq. Aksincha Parij yoki London, Berlinning kapital maqomi, bu loyihalarni qurish uchun milliy mablag'larning katta miqdordagi infuziyalaridan avtomatik ravishda foyda olishini anglatmaydi. Bo'linish paytida ikkala tomon ham Berlinning tegishli qismlarini dushmanga namoyish qilish uchun targ'ibot vositasi sifatida qarashdi, shuning uchun ikkalasi ham o'zlarining rejimlari xazinasi ruxsat etilgan miqdorda subsidiyalashdi, uy-joy, iste'mol tovarlari va infratuzilmani yaxshilash uchun pul tushdi. Ammo birlashgandan so'ng, odatdagidek berilgan subsidiyalar tobora ko'proq so'roq qilinmoqda. Keyin, 2001 yilda katta bank mojarosi Berlinni larzaga keltirdi va milliardlab evro yo'qotish davlatning bo'sh xazinasiga singib ketdi. Yana bir muammo shundaki, Brandenburg shtati bo'ylab yashaydigan ko'pchilik Berlin infratuzilmasidan foydalanadi, ammo Berlinda hech qanday soliq to'lamaydi va mablag 'ajratish maqsadida Berlin aholisi hisoblanmaydi.

Devor hozirgidan ham uzoqroq qulab tushgan bo'lsa-da, bo'linish izlari bir necha hafta yoki bir necha oyni tuzatishga to'g'ri kelgan bo'lsa ham, chegara bir paytlar bo'lgan joyning ko'rinadigan belgilari mavjud. Ba'zilar eski G'arbda tramvaylarning etishmasligi yoki ko'cha chiroqlarining rangi (tashqi kosmosdan yaxshiroq ko'rinadigan) kabi befarq ko'rinishga ega, ammo ba'zilari mahalliy aholi va mehmonlarga tarixning ushbu bosqichini eslatib turish uchun ataylab saqlanib qolgan. Afsuski, GDR-da birlashgandan keyin ma'lum bir ikonoklazma mavjud edi. Ko'p narsalar (xususan, sovet askarlari yodgorliklari) saqlangan bo'lsa-da, kommunistik hukumatning barcha qoldiqlarini buzish harakatining eng ko'zga ko'ringan qurboni bu edi Palast der Republik. Asbest bilan ifloslanganligi sababli, shuningdek, sobiq Prussiyani tiklash uchun qisman yiqilgan Stadtschlossshaharni qayta tashkil etish uchun yo'l ochish uchun GDR ikonoklastlari tomonidan buzib tashlangan.

Iqlim

Berlin mo''tadil okean va kontinental iqlim o'rtasidagi o'tish nuqtasida, ya'ni yozi issiq va qishi sovuq. Kechasi harorat qishda odatda muzlashdan pastga tushadi va qor yog'ishi odatiy hodisa hisoblanadi, garchi qor kamdan-kam hollarda bir necha kundan ko'proq vaqt davomida to'planib qoladi. Yoz odatda yoqimli, kunduzgi harorat odatda past 20-yillarda, kechasi esa 10 ° C dan yuqori. Berlin juda shamolli shahar, garchi u hech qachon Gamburg yoki Lyubek kabi qirg'oq shaharlari kabi shamolli bo'lsa. Shamolni to'xtatuvchi ko'ylagi, ayniqsa kuz va bahor davrida juda tavsiya etiladi.

Odamlar

Ikki asrdan ko'proq vaqt ichida Evropaning daryosidagi kichik shaharlarning assortimentidan dunyoning uchinchi yirik shahriga o'sgan shahar sifatida Berlin har doim "boshqa joydan" bo'lish istisno emas, balki qoidalar bo'lgan joy bo'lib kelgan. . GDR davrida Sharqiy Berlin qishloq va boshqa shaharlardan ko'plab odamlarni jalb qilar edi, chunki uylar tanqisligini engillashtirish uchun yangi uy-joylar tezroq qurilgan edi. Bundan tashqari, berlinliklar ko'pincha boshqa sharqiy nemislarga qaraganda supermarketlarda biroz to'la tokchalar va qisqa chiziqlardan zavqlanishardi. G'arbda ba'zi odamlar Berlinni izolyatsiya qilinganligi sababli tark etishdi, boshqalari esa chaqiruvdan ozod qilinganligi sababli kirib kelishdi. Birlashgandan beri Berlinning yahudiylar jamoati sobiq Sovet Ittifoqidan immigratsiya tufayli o'sib bormoqda va ba'zi yosh isroilliklar Berlinni Tel-Aviv, Hayfa yoki Quddusga qaraganda yaxshiroq yashash joyi (va ziyofati) deb topishgan. Bugungi kunda Berlin Germaniyadan va butun Evropadan, xususan qit'aning janubidan odamlarni jalb qilmoqda. Berlinda har bir etnik, diniy va milliy kelib chiqishga juda yaqin bo'lgan diasporani topasiz. Bu shuni anglatadiki, Berlin o'zini doimiy ravishda kashf etishga qodir, ammo tug'ilib o'sgan Berliner ba'zi chekka mahallalarda kamdan-kam uchraydigan narsadir.

Hozirgi kunda sharqiylar va g'arbliklar o'rtasidagi ziddiyatlar tez-tez tejamkorlik, qattiqqo'llik va eshitiladigan shevada shuhrat qozongan shvabiyaliklar haqida hazillar bilan almashtiriladi. Ko'plab shvabiyaliklar Prenzlauer Berg kabi mahallalarga oqib kelishgan va kutib olish har doim ham iliq emas edi. Xatoga yo'l qo'ymang, ammo ko'pincha "shvabiyaliklar" yoki gentrifikatsiya to'g'risida eng baland ovoz bilan shikoyat qilayotganlar nisbatan yaqinda kelganlar.

Berlinliklar ma'lum bir "hazil" turi bilan mashhur bo'lib, unga odatlanmaganlarga nisbatan oddiy qo'pollik kabi duch kelishi mumkin. Stereotip Berliner umuman olganda yoqimli narsalar va mayda-chuyda gaplardan ozgina foydalanadigan nemislar orasida ham odobsiz to'g'ridan-to'g'ri obro'ga ega.

Berlin, shuningdek, protestant yoki katolik cherkoviga tegishli bo'lgan aholining qariyb to'rtdan bir qismiga ega bo'lgan, diniy bo'lmagan shahar. Ommaviy axborot vositalari, xususan, asosan katolik janubiy Germaniyasida yashovchi konservatorlar - Berlinni "ateistlarning poytaxti" deb atashga kirishdilar.

Iqtisodiyot

Deutsche Bahn va Daimler shtab-kvartirasi Potsdamer Platzni tomosha qiling

Ikkinchi jahon urushidan oldin Berlin yirik nemis sanoat kompaniyalari markazi va barcha sohalarda ko'plab kompaniyalarning ma'muriy shtab-kvartirasi bo'lgan. Biroq, urush tugaganidan ko'p o'tmay, ushbu kompaniyalarning aksariyati janubga yoki g'arbga ko'chib ketishdi, bankrot bo'lgan yoki GDRda milliylashtirilgan. Binobarin, Berlin ishlab chiqarish o'rniga, tadqiqot markaziga aylandi. Ba'zi bir kompaniyaning bosh qarorgohi birlashgandan beri Berlinga ko'chib o'tgan bo'lsa-da, Germaniyaning iqtisodiyotida boshqa Evropaning aksariyat mamlakatlariga qaraganda kapitalning hukmronligi juda kam namoyon bo'ldi. Mamlakat poytaxti shaharga qaytib kelgani sababli iqtisodiy o'sishga qaramay, Berlinda ishsizlik darajasi 10 foizdan oshdi. Berlin Germaniyada barcha turdagi dizayn va san'at kabi ijodiy tarmoqlarning markazi sifatida tanilgan; ba'zi bir qahvaxonalarda Apple mahsulotlari bilan ishlaydigan ko'plab odamlarni ko'rasiz (yoki bu sizning ta'rifingizga qarab emas). Birlashgandan beri ba'zi kompaniyalar Berlinda bosh ofislarini tashkil etishdi, lekin ko'p hollarda ular asosan firma varag'ida "vakili" manziliga ega bo'lish uchun mavjud va juda ko'p ma'muriyat, ishlab chiqarish yoki ishlab chiqarish hanuzgacha Berlin tashqarisida amalga oshiriladi. Berlinliklarning ko'pchiligi trend o'zgarishi belgisi bo'lishiga umid qilgan holda, Berlin asos solgan sanoat konglomerati Siemens yana 20-asrning 20-yillariga kelib, "Siemensstadt" ga 2020-yillarda tadqiqot, ma'muriyat va ishlab chiqarish uchun kapital joylashgan.

Yo'nalish

Berlin bir necha xil shahar va qishloqlardan o'sib ulg'aygan sayin, bitta markaz yo'q o'z-o'zidan balki yo'nalishni biroz qiyinlashtiradigan bir nechta markazlar.

Vashington shaharining ko'cha tartibi bosqinchi qo'shinlarni chalkashtirib yuborish uchun ishlab chiqilganligi haqidagi apokrifik gaplar, agar u hech kim tomonidan hech narsa qilishni xohlamagan bo'lsa, Berlinga ham tegishli bo'lishi mumkin. Berlinning ko'chalari chalkash va shaharning rivojlanishi va o'nlab yillar davomida bo'linishi sababli gapirish mantiqqa to'g'ri kelmaydi. Kardinal yo'nalishlarning foydasi yo'q: deyarli hech narsa to'g'ridan-to'g'ri sharq-g'arbiy yo'nalishda, shimoliy-janubda, hattoki avvalgi chegarada ham tekislanmagan. Shuning uchun ko'cha belgilarida odatda tumanlar nomlari va ba'zan mahalliy diqqatga sazovor joylar mavjud.

Bo'lishi mumkin bir xil nomdagi turli ko'chalar shahar bo'ylab tarqalgan. Masalan, "Potsdamer Straße" deb nomlangan kamida uchta ko'cha bor: biri Lixtenradda, biri Zehlendorfda va yana Gizendorfda. Bu Berlinda g'ayrioddiy narsa emas, chunki u alohida shahar va qishloqlarning bir guruhi edi. Keyinchalik keng tarqalgan ismlarning ba'zilari o'zgartirilgan, ammo ularning barchasi hammasi emas. Qaysi tumanga sayohat qilganingizni doimo yodda tutganingiz ma'qul. Nemis pochta indeksi juda nozik taneli va odatda bir xil ko'chada bitta nom bitta kodda ko'rinmasligi kerak, shuning uchun to'liq manzilni pochta indeksi va / yoki tuman bilan ishlating. Taksi haydovchilari qandaydir tarzda bu g'alati va takrorlanadigan ko'cha nomlarini bilishlari kerak (va odatda bilishlari kerak). Istambulda tug'ilgan komik Serdar Somuncu turkiyalik avlodlardan bo'lgan ko'plab taksi haydovchilariga nisbatan kinoya qilganida: "Nemis taksi haydovchisi bo'lish uchun Istanbulga bormaydi, ammo son-sanoqsiz turk taksichilari odamlarni Gyote Strassen shahridagi o'nlab odamlardan biriga olib borishadi. Berlin har kuni "

Uy raqamlari oralig'idagi ko'cha nomi; Sharqiy Berlin yashil odamiga ham e'tibor bering

Uy raqamlari hamma joyda bir xil yo'nalishda (yuqoriga yoki pastga) harakat qilish shart emas. Ko'p ko'chalarda raqamlar bir tomonga ko'tarilib, boshqa tomonga tushmoqda. Yo'qolmaslik uchun birinchi navbatda raqamlash sxemasini tekshirishingiz kerak: deyarli har bir ko'cha burchagida ko'chaning nomini topishingiz mumkin. Xuddi shu belgi, odatda, ushbu segmentdagi uylarning raqamlarini ko'rsatadi.

Berlindagi U-Bahn va S-Bahnlar o'nlab yillar davomida bo'linish va birlashgandan keyingi mablag 'etishmasligi izlarini ko'tarmoqda. Ular xususiy kompaniyalar va keyinchalik mustaqil shaharlar tomonidan qurilgan turli xil yuk ko'targichlari bo'lgan hodgepodge sifatida paydo bo'lgan. Marshrutlar raqam va ularning so'nggi nuqtasi nomi bilan ko'rsatiladi, shuning uchun ularni noto'g'ri yo'nalishda ko'p kilometr yurishni xohlamasligingiz uchun yodlang. Yaxshi jamoat transporti xaritasi foydalidir va bir nechta muassasalar shahar xaritalarini shahar temir yo'llari to'xtash joylari bilan tarqatishadi. U-Bahn, S-Bahn va sobiq Sharqda Strassenbaxn (tramvay yo'li) hali ham sayohat qilishning yaxshi usuli hisoblanadi. Avtobuslar ham toza, ishonchli va nisbatan tezdir.

O'qing va tomosha qiling

Berlin, ehtimol, 1920-yillarda o'zining madaniy cho'qqisiga erishgan bo'lsa-da, shundan beri ko'plab rassomlar bo'lingan yillardan juda ko'p ilhom olishgan. Ko'tarilgan va birlashtirilgan kapital yana bir bor jahon miqyosida o'z o'rnini topishi bilan, u yangi cho'qqiga intilmoqda. Ushbu shahar haqida ko'pgina badiiy asarlar mavjud, ular sayohatchilar tomonidan ko'rsatilishi mumkin emas, shuning uchun ro'yxat to'liq bo'lishga intilmaydi.

• Berlin Alexanderplatz, Alfred Doblin tomonidan 1929 yilda yozilgan, o'z davridagi Berlinni egallaydi va uch marta filmga aylantirildi. Eng mashhur versiyasi 15½ soat magnum opus Rayner Verner Fassbinderning 14 ta teleserialga bo'linishi. A 21st-century remake, only loosely based on the novel, was released in 2020.
• Emil and the Detectives, the most famous and classic children's book set in Berlin, published by Erich Kästner in 1929. Emil, a naïve country boy, visits the metropolis for the first time. On the way he is coaxed and drugged by a criminal who takes the money Emil was supposed to deliver to his grandmother. The boy is shy to contact the police, but is helped by a gang of street-savvy Berlin children who solve the case by themselves. There are several film versions of the story, made from 1931 to 2001.
• Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, a 1978 autobiography written by "Christiane F." about a drug-addicted child prostitute in West Berlin. It was picturised in 1981 with a soundtrack by David Bowie.
• Run Lola Run (German: Lola rennt), a 1998 movie about a small time criminal and his girlfriend set and filmed in Berlin. The plot is about Lola trying to get 100 000 Deutsche Marks for her boyfriend within 20 minutes. It is notable for its narrative style: it tells three different versions of the same story depending on Lola's decisions. It was one of the biggest post-reunification successes of German cinema.
• Good Bye, Lenin!, a 2003 film set in East Berlin during the 1989/90 transition. The premise is the protagonist trying to ensure his mother, who fell into a coma shortly before the fall of the wall and awoke shortly afterwards, doesn't realise the GDR is no more. Making extensive use of typical East-Berlin scenery, among it Plattenbau housing and Karl Marx Straße, the movie is credited with kickstarting the "Ostalgie" (nostalgia for the GDR) trend of the 2000s and early 2010s.
• The Kangaroo Chronicles book series (2009–14) by Marc-Uwe Kling. The self-proclaimed "minor artist", who lives and works in Berlin, narrates his fictitious life with a communist kangaroo roommate; the two engage in several hijinks, often of a political bent, and hang out in a typical Berlin Eckkneipe (including stereotypical Berliner owner) philosophising about the injustices of capitalism and how modern society induces laziness. His minor characters often speak in stereotypical Berlin dialect and his observational comedy is spot-on. Kling frequently organises and hosts poetry slams in Berlin and has in the past read texts from his Kangaroo-related works there as well. A movie based on the books was released in 2020 to mixed reviews.
• Viktoriya, a 2015 film about one night in Berlin, shot in a single 140-minute take without cuts. The title character, a Spanish student in Berlin, runs into a gang of "real Berliners" who are much less sophisticated but exhibit a rough charm. They take Victoria to hidden spots, talking about all and sundry, flirting, and exchanging bits of their different life stories and philosophies. Eventually the group gets, rather inadvertently, involved in criminal activity, giving the film elements of a thriller and road movie through different parts of the city.
• Babylon Berlin (2017–present), a hit TV series about crime, nightlife, demimonde, drugs and political conflict in 1920s Berlin, loosely based on the crime novel series centered on detective Gereon Rath. Directed by Tom Tykwer, it is the most expensive non-anglophone TV series so far.

Music

There are countless musical tributes to Berlin, many of which praise the imperfections that are characteristic of the city. This is just a small selection:

• Paul Lincke's operetta song Berliner Luft (1904)
• Hildegard Knef's Berlin, dein Gesicht hat Sommersprossen (1966)
• the Rauch-Haus-Song (1972) by leftist rock band Ton Steine Scherben, which became the anthem of the squatter scene and was covered by several punk bands
• David Bowie and Iggy Pop lived in West Berlin during the late-1970s. Bowie's albums Low, Heroes and Lodger are therefore known as the "Berlin Trilogy". Songs that are clearly about Berlin include Iggy's The Passenger (1977) and Bowie's nostalgic Where are we now? (2013)
• Wir stehn auf Berlin (1980) by Neue Deutsche Welle band Ideal
• Sido's rap Mein Block (2004) about life in the Märkisches Viertel, a deprived plattenbau estate
• Dickes B (2001) by reggae/dancehall combo Seeed and Schwarz zu blau (2009) by Seeed member Peter Fox

Berlin is a centre of electronic music of all kinds, and its legendary clubbing scene attracts people from around the globe. The movie Berlin Calling, with music by Paul & Fritz Kalkbrenner (the former also playing the main role), is a celebration of this part of Berlin culture.

Talk

Signage and automatic announcements are often available in English, and possibly other languages besides German. All signage related to the partition era is available in all three languages of the former occupiers (French, Russian and English). There are, however, surprisingly many people who speak little or no English, in particular among the elderly and people who grew up in the East, where Russian was taught in schools. This does not necessarily keep them from attempting to speak English with you if they notice an accent or halting German.

A lot of place names can a bit tricky even to fluent German speakers as they are of Slavic origin. The widespread -ow ending is to be pronounced /o:/ like a long German "o". Saying "Pankoff" or "Rudoff" will mark you as an out-of-towner and might cause jokes at your expense.

People who work in public transit and the tourism sector are now expected to speak at least some English, but they may not necessarily have much patience explaining the same thing over and over to tourists every single day, even when it's their job to do so, and the aforementioned Berlin rudeness / "humour" might come through when dealing with tourists.

Immigration and the Erasmus programme mean there are several other languages widely spoken. In particular, there are some 200,000 people of Turkish origin living in Berlin, mainly in the western districts. But don't assume someone speaks Turkish well (or at all) just because they have a Turkish surname. Foreign students originate from all over Europe, but Spanish, Greek and Italian speakers are especially numerous. As many students in Berlin are either Erasmus students or have been abroad elsewhere, you can reasonably expect students to speak at least passable English and often another European language.

The Berlin dialect (Berlinerisch) is still spoken by many people, particularly in outlying districts and neighbouring Brandenburg. Dialect is usually more pronounced in the East and some words are almost entirely unknown even in West Berlin. Some words used in the Berlin dialect:

• Schrippe: bread roll
• Stulle: sandwich
• Broiler: grilled chicken (people from western Germany and former West Berlin probably won't understand this; they say Grillhähnchen instead)

Chiqinglar

As the city was divided in two during the Cold War, many major parts of Berlin's infrastructure — such as airports — were built on both sides. The challenge today is to merge these two systems into one that serves all the people in the Metropolitan Berlin area. In terms of railway stations, this process is mostly finished, the new "single airport" finally opened nearly a decade late in autumn 2020 but the central bus station is still undergoing seemingly endless renovation.

By plane

• 52.36224666666713.5006716666671 Berlin Brandenburg International Airport (BER ^IATA). started operations on 31 October 2020 on the extended grounds of former Schönefeld airport (now Terminal 5), East Germany's main airport, right outside the southeastern border of the city proper. Berlin Airport does not have a "home carrier" and is not the hub of any airline but it does have a pretty comprehensive network of European destinations served by Easyjet, Ryanair, Eurowings and a bunch of legacy carriers, a good number of Mediterranean "sun" destinations (many of them seasonal) but only a handful of transatlantic routes.  

Berlin inherited airports from both sides of the Berlin Wall. West Berlin, for which air transportation was crucial, had three at the moment of reunification: RAF Gatow in the British sector, which was only used by the British and closed in 1994, Tempelhof Airport in the American sector, which was closed in 2008 and turned into a public park and fairgrounds, and Tegel Airport in the French sector which closed on November 8, 2020. There was a minor airfield called Johannisthal in the Soviet sector but it was unused from the 1950s to its official closure in the mid 1990s. The main airport of East Berlin and indeed the Zentralflughafen of East Germany as a whole was in Schönefeld, just south of the city boundary. It is at this site that a new airport, Berlin Brandenburg Airport, was built and opened in 2020 — eight years late and several hundred percent over budget.

Getting from the airport to central Berlin

Your options in getting to and from the airport in pictogram form

The airport contains two separate terminal buildings, both with their own train stations and access facilities. There is no easy way to walk between Terminal 1 and Terminal 5 of Berlin Brandenburg Airport. The airport is in Fare Zone C of the Berlin public transit fare system, so you will have to use a ticket valid in BC or ABC. Tickets valid only in AB or the DB "City Ticket" are not valid for travel to the airport and you are subject to a €60 fine if caught using the wrong ticket or no ticket at all.

To Terminal 5

Terminal 5 is the new name of what used to be the main terminal of the old Schönefeld Airport. While there were plans to shut it down when the new airport opens originally, it'll likely remain operational, at the very least until Terminals 3 and 4 open. Terminal 5 is mostly served by Low Cost Carriers who wish to avoid higher fees associated with using the more modern Terminal 1. Terminal 5 is served by  S45  and  S9  both stopping at 52.391413.51282 Flughafen BER - Terminal 5 station.   which may show up as "Schönefeld" on older maps. You can also take bus X7 from the southern endpoint of  U7  "Rudow" which stops both at the airport train station and a bit closer to Terminal 5.

To Terminal 1

The building that houses Terminal 1 also houses the completed but not yet opened (due to Covid-19) Terminal 2 and will in the future house Terminals 3 and 4. It is served by 52.364284113.50815733 Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway station.  . As Terminal 1 is served both by more airlines and by higher prestige full service carriers there is a bigger assortment of transportation options. There is a "Flughafen-Express" (FEX) or Airport Express from Berlin Main Station via Ostkreuz and Gesundbrunnen which is the fastest option from main station to airport. There are also several IC lines going to destinations like Dresden or Rostock - they also stop at the main station. After having served the Terminal 5 station,  S9  and  S45  also stop at the terminal 1 station (though they serve one intermediate station in between). Bus X7 also serves Terminal 1.

Should you, for some crazy reason, wish to drive to the airport, use A113 and follow signposting.

Poyezdda

The new central station (Hauptbahnhof)

Hauptbahnhof with Regional- and S-Bahn train

The "mushroom design" was chosen for long-distance and urban trains after reunification and mostly built as shown here

Wikivoyage has a guide to Rail travel in Germany

The central station 52.5254913.369134 Hauptbahnhof (Central Station) together with 52.4754913.364745 Südkreuz (Southern Cross, formerly Papestraße) and 52.5100113.434546 Ostbahnhof (Eastern Station) — plus minor 52.5493913.388787 Gesundbrunnen in the north and 52.5347313.198398 Spandau in the west — forms the backbone of all connections. All are connected to S- or U-Bahn. All trains stop at Hauptbahnhof and a second major hub (depending on your itinerary). Regional trains stop at several stations within Berlin, almost all of them also at Hauptbahnhof and all stop at least at one major long-distance hub. The Hauptbahnhof opened in 2006 and is situated between the S-Bahn stations Friedrichstraße and Bellevue. It is an impressive feat of architecture with many shops, most of them open on Sundays. Given its size, the distances between train platforms are surprisingly short. However, try to avoid tight connections, as the multilevel layout can be confusing at first and Berlin Hauptbahnhof is a good place to kill half an hour at any rate. The new 'Hauptbahnhof' may appear as 'Lehrter Bahnhof' on older maps.

 U5  connects the Hauptbahnhof to Alexanderplatz and destinations further east. Three S-Bahn lines ( S3 ,  S5 ,  S7 ) serve the station as do three tram lines (M5, M8, M10). The tram lines serve the Main Station coming from the East with plans to extend them westwards. M10 is particularly known as a "party tram" due to its route serving several nightlife hotspots and has been the subject of many a newspaper article. In addition to these transport options mostly oriented East-West a new S-Bahn line, tentatively called "S21" is under construction serving as another north–south spine through Hauptbahnhof.

During partition Berlin had two main train stations: Zoologischer Garten (practically universally referred to in speech as Bahnhof Zoo or just Zoo) in the West, and Ostbahnhof in the East. The latter was named "Hauptbahnhof" from 1987 to 1998. Since the opening of the Hauptbahnhof, most ICE and international lines no longer stop at Zoologischer Garten, although regional DB services and S U-Bahn services still stop there.

Berlin is served by all the train types Deutsche Bahn (DB) has on offer, including high speed ICE, somewhat slower IC, and EuroCity (EC) operated by DB and other European railway companies. Connections to the rest of Germany are excellent and most of Europe is reachable with one or two changes. While train routes to Berlin suffered during partition, they were a high federal priority following reunification and today Berlin has fast train connections to the west and south. Trains due north and east are still a bit slower. For example, the line to Dresden is slower today than it was in the 1930s when streamlined steam trains plied the route.

Domestic trains to Berlin include ICE services from Hamburg, Munich orqali Leipzig/Halle, Erfurt and Nuremberg with the fastest trains arriving in Berlin less than four hours after departure from Munich, IC/EC services from Dresden, and several "regional" trains, which have more intermediate stops and longer travel time than ICE. Among these the IRE from Hamburg might be of interest due to its cheap fixed price (€19.90 one way, €29.90 round trip). Berlin is also a stop for several "ICE Sprinter" services - ICE trains with fewer or no intermediate stops intended to lure business travellers from planes onto trains with faster travel times.

Berlin is also served by a private competitor of DB: Flixtrain. They run one train per day and direction to and from Stuttgart via Wolfsburg and other stops as well as one daily train from Cologne orqali Bielefeld, Hanoverva Wolfsburg. Tickets are sold through Flixbus which is mostly a bus operator. Flixtrain trains have four stops in Berlin; Lichtenberg, Ostbahnhof, Hauptbahnhof and Bahnhof Zoo. Flixtrain doesn't accept any DB tickets, and the same is true vice-versa

The Austrian railway company ÖBB (under the name Nightjet) runs sleeper trains to Berlin from Vienna (11 hr) and Zürich (12 hr).

There are also long-haul sleeper trains from Moscow orqali Minsk and Brest, run by RZD at least once a week, with greatly increased departures during spring and summer. From the other direction, this train originates in Paris the night before, making it a handy overnight connection between the two cities - and the only sleeper train between Germany and France. Apart from a summer-only service from Kaliningrad, there are as of 2017, no other overnight trains from Eastern European and Russian cities.

By bus

52.507613.27989 Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof (ZOB) (Central Bus Terminal) (yilda Charlottenburg, Masurenallee.). Long distance buses generally arrive here. There are numerous buses to all directions and the U-Bahn stops (Theodor-Heuss-Platz or Kaiserdamm; both U2) or the S-Bahn stop (Messe Nord/ICC S41/42 and S46) is a 5-minute-walk away. Follow signposting. Some bus lines have other stops around Berlin, often including Südkreuz and/or the airport. The bus station is not really close to anything. Retail services are limited and the prices as high as one might expect at a gas station. From 2016 to 2022 the station is undergoing renovation and expansion to cope with rising and changing demand - the station will remain operational throughout the expansion but some services may become temporarily unavailable. As part of the purpose of the works is to reduce average dwell times from half an hour to 15 minutes it will also benefit those just driving through or connecting. The bus station website lists all departures and arrivals including the company running the service so it is a good place to look for up-to-date travel options.  

• Flixbus - the biggest player in the market
• Blablabus - Flixbus' first serious challenger since Flixbus took over the market entered Germany with cheap fares to attract attention
• Eurolines
• Pinkbus
• student agency mostly serving the Hamburg - Berlin - Dresden - Prague corridor
• Polskibus mostly to/from Polsha

By car

Berlin's "capital beltway", the A10 Berliner Ring, extends up to 30 km (19 mi) outside the city limits and actually only touches Berlin itself in the Northeast. It was built in the GDR era as the longest circular motorway in the world to direct traffic around West-Berlin but has since been surpassed in length by Beijing's sixth ring road and also Beijing's seventh ring road when it opens. At 196 km (122 mi) it is 8 km (5.0 mi) longer than the M25 around London, Europe's second longest orbital motorway. These motorways (enumerated in a clockwise direction) connect with the ring:

• A11 from Stettin at Dreieck Schwanebeck
• A12 from Frankfurt (Oder)/Warsaw at Dreieck Spreeau
• A13 from Dresden/Prague at Kreuz Schönefeld
• A9 from Leipzig/Munich at Dreieck Potsdam
• A2 from Hanover/Dortmund at Dreieck Werder
• A24 from Hamburg at Dreieck Havelland.

From the ring, these are the motorways heading towards the city:

• A111 from the northwest at Kreuz Oranienburg
• A114 from the north at Dreieck Pankow
• A113 from the southeast at Schönefelder Kreuz
• A115 from the southwest at Dreieck Nuthetal.

There are also dual carriageways:

• B96 from the north and the south
• B2 from the northeast
• B5 from the east and west
• B101 from the south.

Inside Berlin there is a heavily congested inner ring motorway (A100), which encircles the north, west and south with the northeastern section missing. Berlin driving is not for the faint-hearted, but manageable as there are wide streets and reasonably good parking conditions - at least in most parts of the city.

Berlin has a low emission zone (Umweltzone), which contains all areas within the S-Bahn ring. All vehicles moving inside this zone (including foreign vehicles) are required to bear a green emissions sticker (Feinstaubplakette). There are exceptions, e.g., for historic cars, but not for foreign number plates. The sticker can be ordered on-line.

By ship

Being some 200 km (120 mi) inland, Berlin does not have a seaport. The nearest seaport is Rostock-Warnemünde, which is 2½-3 hours away by train, though still sold by many cruise ship operators as "Berlin", so don't be surprised. There are similar distances to the seaports of Hamburg and Szczecin. The latter was "Berlin's port" until 1945, but Cold War neglect and the newly drawn German-Polish border have all but severed that connection. There have been only slow attempts in the 2010s and 2020s to re-establish the link.

Some river cruises start or end at Berlin, using the Havel, Spree and some canals for cruises to Prague yoki Baltic Sea. While river cruises in this area are nowhere near as popular as those along Rhine or Danube, there is some charming nature rather close to Berlin. Most cruises include a tour of Berlin as the river Spree runs close to many sights.

Velosipedda

The 700-km Berlin-Copenhagen Cycle Route and the 340-km Berlin-Usedom Cycle Route both end in Berlin.

Atrofga boring

A ship passes below the Sandkrugbrücke in Moabit

Jamoat transportida

As Berlin is a major metropolis with pretty decent public transit, you should take buses, trains and trams whenever possible as those cover most of the city and are often the fastest way to get to places. The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) list all their fares on their website. Consult their Berlin route planner (in English) to get excellent maps and schedules for the U-Bahn, buses, S-Bahn local trains (RB and RE) and trams, or to print your personal journey planner. The route planner can also calculate the fastest door-to-door route for your destination for any given day and hour. However, the route planner assumes a rather slow walking speed. It might suggest taking a bus or tram for a single stop where healthy adults would be faster walking. The planner will let you pick between three walking speeds, but even the fastest walking speed is not terribly fast if you have no luggage. While BVG doesn't run S-Bahn or local trains, they are covered by the website and can be used with the same tickets.

• BVG's customer service, ☏ 49 30 19449. If you don't know how to get somewhere, or how to get home at night, BVG's customer service number. Most U-Bahn and some S-Bahn stations have call points from which you can contact customer service directly. Some BVG buses and tram lines run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 

Tickets

The public transport system in Berlin (U-, S-Bahn, bus, tram, regional rail) uses a common ticket system based on zones (zone A, B and C). You are unlikely going beyond zone A and B, except on trips to Potsdam or to the airport (BER). The border between zones A and B is the S-Bahn Ring (see below). Zone C includes trips to and within Potsdam.

The following tickets can be used for single journeys:

• Single Ticket. The standard single journey ticket. It is valid for any travel within two hours of validation, in a single direction, within the appropriate fare zones. There is no limit to transfers, but return journeys are not allowed. Price: Berlin AB €2.80 (reduced €1.70); Berlin ABC €3.40 (reduced €2.50).
• 4-trip ticket (4 Fahrten Karte). This gives you 4 single trip tickets at a cheaper cost. Price: Berlin AB €9.00 (reduced €5.60).
• Short trip (Kurzstrecke). For a single journey you can buy a cheap Kurzstrecke for €1.70, but this is only valid for 3 stops on the U-Bahn or S-Bahn (transfers permitted) or 6 stops on buses or trams (no transfers). The stations included in a short tip ticket are indicated on schedules posted at bus and tram stops.

Several options are available for unlimited travel:

• 24 hour Ticket (24 Stunden Karte) - valid for 24 hours from validation for unlimited travel within specific zones (€8.80 for AB, €9.20 for BC and €10 for ABC as of February 2021)
• Small Group Day Ticket AB (Kleingruppen-Tageskarte). A day ticket valid for up to five people. For groups of three or more, this ticket is cheaper than individual day tickets. Price: Berlin AB €19.90, Berlin ABC €20.80.
• 7-Day-Ticket AB (7-Tagekarte). A ticket valid for seven days. Price: Berlin AB €30, Berlin ABC €37.50.
• Berlin CityTourCard. Ticket valid for all public transport services in Berlin, Potsdam and the surrounding area (depending on the covered zones) and a discount card for many tourist attractions; available in several different versions: 48 hours AB €17.40; 72 hours AB €24.50; 5 days AB €31.90. Add a few euros if you want to go to Potsdam (fare zone ABC). A folded leaflet with inner city map and an overview of the S-Bahn and U-Bahn railway networks of Berlin is included. Can be bought at ticket machines and various sales points (Berlin airports, larger train stations, hotels or online).
• Berlin WelcomeCard. Unlimited travel with all methods of public transport for the validity of the ticket; save up to 50% on more than 200 tourist and cultural highlights; handy guide in pocket book format with insider tips and tour suggestions; city plan for Berlin and Potsdam and a network plan for public transport. Can be bought at various sales points (Berlin airports, larger train stations, hotels or online).

Tickets valid for only B and C are available as well, which you might need for a single trip to Schönefeld Airport from somewhat out of the way lodgings. There is only one way to get a ticket only valid in A: Deutsche Bahn offers "City Tickets" as an add-on for their long distance train tickets and in Berlin those are only valid for a single trip inside the A zone.

Reduced fares apply for children 6 to 14. Children under 6 ride free.

Purchasing tickets

Tickets can be purchased in several ways. Upon arrival at the different Berlin airports, some tickets can be purchased at the tourist desk. All tickets are available at vending machines at the airports, U- and S-Bahn platforms, and passengers may also use the vending machines operated by DB at long-distance and regional railway stations to purchase the same. English and other European languages are available. Payment is mostly by local bank cards, coins and banknotes. If you need assistance most larger stations have staffed ticket counters where you can ask questions and buy tickets. Buses will accept cash, and make change for tickets. Mehmonxonalar may sell tickets as well. It is also possible to purchase tickets with an overseas debit or credit card (i.e. Visa and Mastercard) via the BVG mobile app and DB Navigator app (from the menu, tap Transport associations then VBB - Berlin & Brandenburg and select the appropriate ticket) but ensure that the device your ticket is loaded into has sufficient battery life to last the duration of the journey.

In some places people will try to sell used tickets to you. You can go only one direction with a single-journey ticket (check the validation stamp and be careful as this could also be a pickpocket trick). Don't pay more than half the price.

Validating tickets

You need to validate your ticket using the machines on the U- and S-bahn platforms or in the bus. The machines are yellow/white in the U-Bahn and the bus, and red on S-Bahn platforms. Validation simply means the machine prints a time stamp onto the ticket to indicate the beginning of the ticket's validity period. Alternatively, if travelling on the regional trains (see next section), a conductor may validate the ticket for you whilst on board by punching a time stamp. Once validated, a ticket which is still valid does not need to be re-validated before each single trip. When purchasing tickets through the DB Navigator app, passengers can opt to validate their ticket immediately after purchase so there is no need to do anything further to validate it.

Whilst it might be tempting to try to avoid buying a ticket given the absence of physical barriers, plain-clothed inspectors do patrol the trains. Bor €60 fine if you are caught without a validated ticket or if the device your ticket is loaded into runs out of battery shortly before or during inspection. Ticket inspections are arguably more common than in other cities and the inspectors more strict than in other cities. Don't even harakat qilib ko'ring to outrun one. They'll catch you and be all the more pissed at you. In some cases fare inspectors have not shirked from using physical force to restrain would be fare-evaders. Fare dodging cases rarely go to court unless for repeat offenders.

Poyezdda

A geographic representation of the S-Bahn lines; the ring looks somewhat like a dog's head if you squint

If you need to get around the city quickly, take the S-Bahn.

S- and Regionalbahn station Alexanderplatz

The Ringbahn that goes all around Berlin in a circle (or as local politicians would have it "a dog's head") lets you get to other parts of the city really fast.

The S-Bahn originates from a circular railway ("Ringbahn") and an east–west trunk ("Stadtbahn") built in 19th century to provide better connectivity between the terminus stations (similar to the way train stations are laid out in Paris or London today) which were later quadruple tracked with two tracks electrified for S-Bahn service (and later two tracks electrified with the mainline system) and in the 1930s a North-South Tunnel was added exclusively for the S-Bahn. The four stops where those intersect are named (x-)kreuz (x being the cardinal direction) with the exception of the Northern one which is officially Bahnhof Gesundbrunnen but sometimes referred to as "Nordkreuz". So there is Ostkreuz, Westkreuz, Südkreuz and Gesundbrunnen. The S-Bahn was neglected in the West during most of Berlin partition (see infobox for the reasons why) and some routes that were abandoned in this era are still not rebuilt and maybe never will. The S-Bahn is being expanded, however, and the network is now seamless: the former border is hardly ever notable to the casual observer. In the centre, most S-Bahn lines  S5 ,  S7 ,  S75  run on an east–west route between Ostkreuz and Westkreuz via the stops Warschauer Straße, Ostbahnhof, Jannowitzbrücke, Alexanderplatz, Hackescher Markt, Friedrichstraße, Hauptbahnhof, Bellevue, Tiergarten, Zoologischer Garten, Savignyplatz and Charlottenburg. Other lines run along a circle track around the city, most notably the  S8  va  S41 ,  S42 ,  S45 ,  S46  lines, and there's also a north–south connection  S1 ,  S2 ,  S25  from Gesundbrunnen through Friedrichstraße and Potsdamer Platz to Südkreuz or Schöneberg.

Regional trains (RB, RE) run along the same central east–west connection, but stopping only at Lichtenberg or Karlshorst, Ostbahnhof, Alexanderplatz, Friedrichstraße, Hauptbahnhof, Zoologischer Garten, Charlottenburg and Spandau or Wannsee, as well as other lines connecting north–south from Jungfernheide or Gesundbrunnen through Hauptbahnhof, Potsdamer Platz and Südkreuz to Lichterfelde-Ost. Between the stations in the city centre, RB and RE trains run only two to three times an hour per direction so whilst you may be arriving at your destinations faster than with the S-bahn, you may have to wait longer to catch an RB/RE train. Long distance trains mostly run to Hauptbahnhof, often with one or two extra stops at other stations and local tickets are normally not valid for trips on these stretches.

By U-Bahn

U-Bahn route map; the S-Bahn is visible in light gray for reference

Subway U3 station: Heidelberger Platz

The Berlin U-Bahn (commonly understood to be short for Untergrundbahn - "underground railway") is a network of ten lines across the city. They are numbered from 1 to 9 with the prefix "U" ( U1  U2  U3  U4  U5  U6  U7  U8  U9 ). You may find the U-Bahn network slightly less logical and convenient to use than in other European capitals, as Berlin's troubled history made its mark on it and many key locations remain unconnected, which is why using buses, trams and S-Bahn to complement the U-Bahn is probably necessary for efficient travel throughout Berlin. However, as those systems are fully integrated (see above), you can do so with only one ticket or type of ticket. Generally speaking in the east trams are more widespread while the west relies more heavily on U-Bahn, but that has been slowly changing since 1990.

Despite the name "underground", some 20% of the network is actually made up of overground stretches running over characteristic viaducts throughout the city, adding a certain flavour to Berlin's cityscape. This arrangement is similar to many older subway systems which include elevated or even at-grade sections like the Hamburg system or the M2 / M6 lines in Paris. Unlike light rail systems or the Berlin tram however, all parts of the network have their own right of way and subways don't have level crossings.

Detailed maps can be found in every U-Bahn station and on the trains. U-Bahn stations can be seen from far by their big, friendly blue U signs. Together with the S-Bahn (which is administered by Deutsche Bahn and mostly runs aboveground), the U-Bahn provides a transportation network throughout greater Berlin that is extremely efficient and fast. On weekends (Friday to Sunday), and during the Christmas and New Year holidays, all U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines (except line U4) run all night, so returning from late night outings is easy, especially given the average start time of most 'parties' in Berlin (23:00 to 01:00). During the week there is no U-Bahn or S-Bahn service from c. 01:00-04:30, but metro trams/buses and special Night Buses (parallel to the U-Bahn line) run every half an hour 12:30-04:30.

There are no turnstiles to limit access to U-Bahn station platforms; it is thus physically possible to ride (but illegal) without a ticket. If one is caught by a ticket checker you will be fined €60 (see "Validating tickets" above) so it is not worth the risk to ride without carrying a valid ticket. However, it is generally not a problem to pass through the U-bahn platforms to merely get to the other side of the street.

Nearly all U- and S-Bahn stations now have electronic signs that display the expected arrival of the next train (and its direction), based on sensors along the lines.

Design-wise, U-Bahn stations are about as diverse as you'd expect for a system that started operations when the Kaiser reigned and has been expanded in phases of overflowing as well as empty municipal coffers. Quite a handful of stations built before World War II were designed by the Swedish architect Alfred Grenander (died 1931) whose designs are much lauded and who included some useful features like having each station dominated by a certain color which - where it is still visible to the untrained eye - helps in quickly recognizing a station. From the mid 1960s to mid 1990s most stations built in West Berlin were designed by Rainer G. Rümmler (1929-2004) who gave each station a much more individual look compared to Grenander who preferred to vary only small details like the color of the tiles. East Berlin relied more on trams and S-Bahn and the U5 which was mostly built above ground is the only line extended by east Berlin. The only underground U-Bahn station built by east Germany is "Tierpark" along U5. There are of course other stations, designed by other architects; for the new U5 extension, "Museumsinsel" station will surely impress visitors when it opens (summer 2021 maybe) with a rather grandiose design inspired by Prussian "star architect" Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who designed many buildings in the vicinity.

By tram (streetcar)

the tram network as of 2015

The trams (Straßenbahn) are mostly found in East Berlin, as the West Berlin tram network was shut down in the 1960s in an effort to make the city more car friendly. If you don't already have a ticket, you can buy one inside the tram. Since reunification there has been a gradual "reconquista" of areas once served by trams in West-Berlin and in some parts of Mitte it is hard to tell from trams alone where the wall used to be. In outlying districts of West Berlin, however, trams are still nowhere to be found - in stark contrast to the East, where they provide much needed access to planned bedroom communities from East German times. The red-red-green coalition sworn in in 2016 has stated a firm commitment towards more trams and there are plans to expand and improve the network before the end of the parliamentary term in 2021.

There are two types of tram. Metrotrams usually have a 24/7 schedule as well as higher frequencies during daytimes, although stops are more spread out. Metrotrams are marked by an "M" in front of their line number (e.g., M10). "Regular" trams stop more frequently and even incorporate picturesque single-track rides through forested areas far east of the Mitte district.

Despite being called "tram" the network has almost all characteristics of light rail and new lines are always built with their own right of way, making travel times faster than by bus. Even compared to some other trams in other German cities, the newest generation of Berlin trams have impressive acceleration, so take care when boarding and try to get a seat or hold onto something, especially if you're not sure on your feet.

By bus

Berlin's buses are a very important form of public transportation, as they complement the light rail systems wherever they were removed (trams in the West) or remain incomplete. Due to the heavy loads and demands of narrow streets, Berlin is one of the few cities in Europe to use double-decker buses extensively - over 400 of the 1400 buses in operation in Berlin are double-deckers. A ride in a Berlin double-decker should be on the to-do list of every first-time visitor to Berlin. However, there are a couple of important things to be aware of. The double-decker buses have two staircases - by custom you go up the front staircase and down the rear one, not the other way around. Most drivers will not wait for you to descend the stairs while the bus is at the stop - unless there is a queue of people descending the stairs you should make sure you are at the exit door when the bus pulls up. Unlike other world cities, you should not flag down buses at stops in Berlin, even if there are multiple routes serving the stop. Some drivers may consider it an insult to their professionalism. A frequent problem with buses, particularly busy lines during rush hour and especially in the West (where they have to cope with levels of patronage more common for light rail lines) is bunching. Ko'p avtobuslar har besh daqiqada har doim gavjum paytlarda kelgani kabi, birinchi avtobus yo'lovchilarning ko'pini oladi, ya'ni orqada turgan avtobus quvib yetadi, demak, ikkinchi avtobus ham kamroq yo'lovchilarni oladi, oxir-oqibat ikki yoki uchta avtobuslar kelguniga qadar bir-biridan bir daqiqada yoki hatto bir vaqtning o'zida, keyin nominal 5 daqiqalik harakatga qaramay, 15 daqiqada hech qanday avtobus kelmaydi. BVG bu masalada o'zini yomon ko'radi, ammo yangi tramvay yo'nalishlarini qurish bilan bir qatorda bu borada juda oz narsa qilish mumkin. Tezda o'tirish va eshik atrofidan uzoqlashish - bu muammoni yumshatish uchun eng yaxshi narsa.

Berlinda avtobuslarning har xil turlari mavjud, ularning har biri jamoat transporti xaritalarida alohida ko'rsatilgan:

• Metro avtobuslari demontaj qilingan tramvay yo'nalishlarini asosan shaharning g'arbiy qismida almashtirishga mo'ljallangan (garchi ko'pchilik Sharqiy Berlinga ham uzilib qolgan tramvay aloqalarini almashtirish uchun). Ular "M" harfi va ikkita raqamdan foydalangan holda belgilanadi va boshqa avtobuslardan alohida transport vositasi sifatida qabul qilinadi, belgi va tramvaylar kabi xaritalarda to'q sariq rang bilan belgilanadi (to'q sariq "M" logotipi "MetroBus" yoki MetroTram). MetroBuses asosiy transport koridorlari bo'ylab harakatlanishga moyildir va odatda ikki qavatli avtobuslar yordamida ishlaydi, bu sayyohlar uchun juda yoqimli. MetroBuses odatda xizmat ko'rsatadigan har bir to'xtash joyidan har 10 daqiqada ishlaydi. Turistlar uchun ayniqsa jozibali yo'nalishlar qatoriga kiradi M19 va M29, Kurfürstendamm va M41, Kreuzberg va Neykolln tumanlarini Potsdamer Platz orqali asosiy stantsiyaga bog'laydi.
• Tez avtobus yo'nalishlari aeroportlar va temir yo'l stantsiyalari kabi muhim joylarni juda tezkor tarzda yo'l bo'ylab ko'plab bekatlarni o'tkazib yuboring. Ular shahar markazida har 5 daqiqada ikki qavatli avtobuslar yoki bo'g'inli avtobuslar yordamida harakat qilishadi. Ekspres chiziqlar "X" harfi va bitta yoki ikkita raqam bilan belgilanadi. Sayyohlarni alohida qiziqtiradigan tezkor avtobus X7 aeroportdan (5-terminalga ham, 1/2 terminalga ham xizmat qiladi) Rudovdagi U-Bahn U7 ning so'nggi nuqtasigacha.
• Muntazam avtobus yo'nalishlari uch xonali raqamlarga ega va ularning har biri jamoat transporti avtoulovlari avtobusning aniq yo'nalishini bilish uchun aniqlab olishlari mumkin bo'lgan ma'noga ega. Aksariyat hollarda ushbu avtobuslar sayohatchilar uchun faqat boshqa transport vositalari, shu jumladan metro yoki ekspress avtobuslari xizmat ko'rsatmaydigan joyga etib borishni istashgan taqdirda foydalaniladi.
  • Ikki istisno maxsus ekskursiya yo'nalishlari 100 va 200, shahar markazidagi eng muhim sayyohlik ob'ektlari bo'ylab harakatlanadigan va faqat ikki qavatli avtobuslardan foydalangan holda. The 100 Zoologischer Garten-dan Alexanderplatzgacha Tiergarten parki, Regierungsviertel va Unter den Linden ko'chasi bo'ylab harakatlanadi. The 200 Kulturforum, Potsdamer Platzga tashrif buyurish va Aleksandrplatzdan Prenzlauer Berggacha sharqqa cho'zish uchun ushbu yo'ldan buriladi. Berlinga tashrif buyuradigan har bir kishi uchun minish shart. Berlin boshlang'ich tashkiloti "Shahar qaroqchilari" avtobus 100 uchun bepul audio qo'llanmani taqdim etadi, u avtomatik ravishda GPS lokalizatsiyasi orqali marshrut bo'ylab diqqatga sazovor joylar to'g'risida audio ma'lumotni o'ynaydi (nemis va ingliz tillarida, Android und iOS). Yozgi avtobusda 218 sizni Teodor-Xuss-Platz (U2) metro stantsiyasidan boshlanib, janubiy G'arbiy Berlindagi mashhur Pfaueninsel yaqinida tugagan G'arbiy Berlindagi Grunewald o'rmoni bo'ylab sayr qilishda olib borasiz, u erda siz ushbu orolga kichik bir parom bilan borishingiz va tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin. park va u erda joylashgan kichik qal'a.
• Tungi avtobuslar boshqa transport vositalari ishlamaydigan tunda ishlang.
  • Bir xonali chiziqlar metro ishlamaydigan tunda U-Bahn stantsiyalari yonida / to'xtash joyida to'xtab turadigan tunda almashtiriladi. Raqamlash U-Bahn satrlarini raqamlashdan keyin amalga oshiriladi, lekin "U" o'rniga "N" ishlatiladi, shunday qilib N7 o'rnini bosuvchi avtobus liniyasi U7 U-Bahn chizig'i.
  • Boshqa ikki xonali tungi chiziqlar (N10 orqali N97) boshqa yo'nalishlarni qamrab oladi, lekin kunduzgi marshrut raqamlariga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri murojaat qilmasdan

Turli xil avtobuslar o'rtasida tariflarda farq yo'q - hatto MetroBbuslar ham, 100 va 200 avtobuslari oddiy avtobuslar bilan bir xil tariflarni talab qiladi. Shu sababli, shahar avtobuslarida sayohat qilish, shaharni o'rganish uchun juda ko'p iqtisodiy jihatdan samarali usul bo'lib, ko'plab xususiy "xop-on / hop-off avtobus turlari" bilan taqqoslaganda. Ushbu qoidadan ikkita istisno mavjud, ammo ular aslida Berlin shahri chegaralarida hech qanday nuqtaga xizmat qilmaydi, ya'ni "BER1" va "BER2", aeroportning ekspress avtobuslari Berlin Brandenburg aeroporti odatdagi BVG tariflari ustiga qo'shimcha haq olinadi. Ular haqida ko'proq ma'lumot olish uchun aeroport maqolasini tekshiring.

Velosipedda

Shuningdek qarang: Velosiped # Germaniya

Berlinda tog'li tepaliklar yo'q va ko'plab velosiped yo'llari mavjud (Radwege) butun shahar bo'ylab (garchi hammasi ham silliq emas). Ular orasida 860 km butunlay velosiped yo'llari, ko'chalarda 60 km velosiped yo'laklari, yulka yoki piyodalar yo'laklaridagi 50 km velosiped yo'llari, 100 km piyodalar velosiped yo'llari aralashmasi va ko'chalarda 70 km avtobus-velosiped yo'llari mavjud. . Velosipedlar Berlin aholisi orasida juda mashhur transport usuli hisoblanadi va deyarli har doim velosiped qatnovining ma'lum darajasi mavjud. 2010 yilgi siyosiy munozaralar velosiped foydasiga hal qilindi, butun shahar bo'ylab plebisit hukmronlik markazi / chap qizil-qizil-yashil koalitsiya tomonidan qonun loyihasini imzolashiga sabab bo'ldi. plebisitni tashabbuskorlari amalga oshirilishini ta'minlash uchun diqqat bilan kuzatib borishni ta'kidladilar. Davomida Covid19 pandemiyasi shahar bo'ylab juda ko'p "pop-up velosiped yo'llari" tashkil etilgan, ammo ayniqsa Bezirke ko'katlar va chapchilar hukmronlik qilmoqda. Ommaviy axborot vositalarida yoritilishi va siyosatchilarning ochiq bayonotlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, aksariyat "pop-up velosiped yo'llari" pandemiya tugaganidan keyin ham qoladi.

Berlini velosipedda ko'rish, shubhasiz, yirik sayyohlik joylari, kichik ko'chalar va yon ko'chalar bilan tanishishning ajoyib usuli. Ehtimol, eng mashhur velosiped yo'li bu Mauerradweg, sobiq Berlin devori bo'ylab velosiped yo'li. O'zingizning xaritangizni olib yurish yaxshi bo'lsa-da, har doim U-Bahn stantsiyasida va ko'plab avtovokzallarda joylashuvingizni tekshirishingiz mumkin. Siz .. qila olasiz; siz ... mumkin on-layn velosiped xaritalarini yarating, kamroq band bo'lgan marshrutlar yoki kamroq svetoforlar yoki sevimli yulka bilan optimallashtirilgan.

Ekskursiyalar va ijaralar

An'anaviy ijara joylari, ayniqsa sayyohlar tez-tez uchrab turadigan joylarda keng tarqalgan. Atrofga nazar tashlang yoki turar joyingizni so'rang. Aksariyat joylarning ijarasi uchun kuniga 8 dan 12 evrogacha haq olinadi - bu juda yaxshi qiymat va sizga katta shaharni o'rganish erkinligini beradi.

Agar siz o'zingizning shahar bo'ylab sayohat qilishni yaxshi bilmasangiz yoki tashrif buyurgan joylaringiz haqida ko'proq tushuntirishni xohlasangiz, velosiped turlarini (velosiped bilan birga) olishingiz mumkin. Baja velosipedlari yoki Berlin velosiped.

Berlinda velosiped almashish dasturi ham mavjud, LIDL-BIKE (ilgari velosipedga qo'ng'iroq qiling) velosipedlarni butun shahar bo'ylab istagan joyingizdan olib ketish va qoldirish uchun mavjud qilish. Velosipedlar kulrang / yashil rangga ega va ularni Berlinning markaziy tumanlarida topish mumkin. Velosiped sensorli ekranidagi ko'rsatmalarga amal qiling yoki mobil ilovadan foydalaning. Ijara narxi, yillik asosiy to'lov 3 evro, keyin har 30 daqiqada 1 evro kuniga maksimal 15 evrogacha. Siz oylik 9 evro yoki yillik 49 evro miqdorida to'lovni to'lashni afzal ko'rishingiz mumkin va har bir ijaraning dastlabki 30 daqiqasini avvalgi velosipedingizni qaytarib berganingizdan keyin ham olishingiz mumkin.

Jamoat transportida velosipedlar

Belgilangan joylardan foydalangan holda siz istalgan S- va U-Bahn, poezd va tramvaylarda velosipedda borishingiz mumkin. Feribotlarda odatda velosiped uchun joy bor, lekin avj olish paytida va ob-havoning yaxshi paytlarida odamlar gavjum bo'lishlari mumkin. Yakshanba va dushanba, payshanba va juma kunlari (u erda U-Bahnning tungi xizmati yo'q) kechalari N1-N9 tungi avtobuslari bundan mustasno, avtobuslar velosipedda yurmaydi. Ushbu avtobuslarda bitta velosiped uchun joy mavjud. Har qanday jamoat transportida velosiped uchun joy cheklangan va sizga kirish rad etilishi mumkin. Nogironlar kolyaskalari va yuk mashinalari velosipedlardan ustun turadi.

Velosipedingiz uchun chipta sotib olishingiz kerak. Narxlar quyidagicha:

• Yagona sayohat. Berlin AB 1,90 evro, Berlin ABC 2,50 evro.
• Kunlik chipta. Berlin AB 4,80 evro, Berlin ABC 5,40 evro.
• Qisqa sayohat (Kurzstrecke). Narx: € 1.20.

Taksida

Taksi xizmatlaridan foydalanish Markaziy Osiyoning boshqa ko'plab yirik shaharlariga qaraganda osonroq va arzonroq. Siz taksi haydashingiz mumkin (tepadagi sariq chiroq kabinaning mavjudligini ko'rsatadi) yoki taksi turar joyini topishingiz mumkin (Taxistand). Taksi haydovchilari umuman ingliz tilida gaplasha oladilar. Boshqa katta shaharlarda bo'lgani kabi, ko'plab taksi haydovchilari ham muhojirlar yoki muhojirlarning bolalari, shuning uchun ba'zilari nemis va ingliz tillaridan tashqari eski tilda gaplashishlari mumkin. Agar siz qisqa muddatli sayohat qilishni so'rasangiz (Kurzstrecke), agar u 2 km dan pastroq bo'lsa va taksi haydovchisi hisoblagichni ishga tushirishidan oldin, odatda sayohat arzonroq, 4 evro. Bu faqat taksini ko'chaga tushirganingizda belgilanadi, taksiga kirganingizda emas. Bu erda a Berlin uchun taksi narxlari kalkulyatori.

Paromda

Berlinda parom liniyalari

Kabi dengiz shahri bo'lmaganiga qaramay Gamburg yoki Venetsiya, Berlinda foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan suv yo'llari mavjud va BVG bir necha paromni boshqaradi, ularga oddiy BVG chiptalari orqali kirish mumkin. Paromlarning aksariyati faqat mahalliy manfaatdor, ammo F10 parom liniyasi bo'ylab 4,4 km (2,7 milya) masofani bosib o'tadi. Vannsi va bir uchida S-Bahnga ulanadi. Amaliy transportga qaraganda ko'proq sayyohlik jabhasi - Ferry F24, bu Berlinda eshkakli qayiq bilan boshqariladigan yagona parom va Germaniyadagi har qanday jamoat transporti chiptalari tizimining bir qismi bo'lgan yagona qayiq paromi. "Yashil" shaharga aylanish maqsadida paromlarning bir qismi tomlarida yoki erga asoslangan quvvat olish stantsiyalarida quyosh batareyalari bilan ta'minlanadigan elektr energiyasi bilan ishlaydi.

Ushbu jamoat transporti paromlaridan tashqari, Spree daryosi bo'ylab va asosan aylana turlar ko'rinishida sayohatlarni tomosha qiladigan sayyohlik qayiqlari mavjud. Ular BVG chiptalariga qaraganda ancha qimmat.

Gondol ko'tarish orqali

2017 yilgi xalqaro bog'dorchilik ko'rgazmasi davomida Berlin / Sharq, Berlin birinchi qabul qildi gondolli lift, ko'rgazma yopilgandan keyin ishlagan. U Kienberg (Gärten der Welt) U-Bahn stantsiyasiga ulanadi  U5  bir uchida va U55 bilan taqqoslanadigan 1580 m (5180 fut) uzunlikdagi uchta stantsiyaning barchasi mavjud. Bu emas BVG chiptalarining bir qismi va qaytish uchun 6,50 evrodan, chiptalar nisbatan qimmat.

Qarang

52 ° 31′1 ″ N 13 ° 23′24 ″ E

Berlinning diqqatga sazovor joylari

Shaxsiy ro'yxatlarni Berlinda topish mumkin tuman maqolalar

Berlin o'zining notinch tarixidan kelib chiqqan va qisman 40 yil davomida "ikki tomonlama poytaxt" bo'lganligi sababli ko'plab diqqatga sazovor joylarga ega. Ba'zilarni saqlash xazinachi uchun doimiy bosh og'rig'i bo'lsa-da, ular mehmonlarni va ko'plab mahalliy aholini quvontiradi.

Muzeylar

Bode muzeyi Muzeylar orolining bir qismidir, a YuNESKOning Jahon merosi sayt

Berlinda ko'plab muzeylar mavjud. Hozirgacha ularning aksariyati Mitte tumani bo'yicha qo'llanma, bu boshqalar qatorida 52.52138888888913.3955555555561 Muzeylar (tarixiy muzeylar bilan qoplangan Spree shahridagi orol) va 52.508313.36782 Kulturforum (zamonaviy madaniyat muassasalari to'plami). Shuningdek, siz ushbu muzeylarda yaxshi muzeylarni topasiz G'arbiy Berlinning eski yuragi va Steglitz-Zehlendorf hududi shaharning, ammo deyarli har bir tumanda katta yoki kichikroq muzeylar mavjud. San'atdan Berlingacha va Germaniya tarixidan tortib texnologiya va ilm-fanning turli sohalariga qadar hamma narsani o'z ichiga olgan muzeylar mavjud.

Aksariyat muzeylar 18 yoshdan katta odamlar uchun kirish haqini oladi - odatda 6 dan 14 evrogacha. Shaxsiy guvohnomasi bo'lgan talabalar va nogironlar uchun chegirmalar (odatda 50%) mavjud. Bolalar va yoshlar ko'pincha bepul kelishlari mumkin, ammo muzeylarda yosh cheklovlarini tekshirishadi. Muzeyga qaram bo'lganlar uchun yoqimli taklif - bu uch kunlik Muzeylar dovoni taxminan 30 ta davlat muzeylari va jamoat fondlarining barcha muntazam ko'rgazmalariga kirish huquqini beradigan 29 evroga (imtiyozlar: 14.50 evro).

Aksariyat muzeylar dushanba kunlari yopiqdir Pergamon muzeyi, Neues muzeyi va Deutsches Historisches muzeyi, har kuni ochiq. Berlin muzeylari, jamoaviy veb-tashabbus, barcha muzeylar, yodgorliklar, qal'alar va kollektsiyalar va hozirgi va bo'lajak ko'rgazmalar haqidagi ma'lumotlarga osonlikcha kirishni taklif etadi. Ba'zi muzeylar haftasiga bir marta, oyiga bir marta yoki kunning ma'lum soatlarida bepul yoki keskin chegirmali kirishni taklif qilishadi. Ushbu veb-sayt Berlindagi bepul takliflar to'g'risida har kuni yangiliklarga ega.

Berlin devorining qoldiqlari

Berlin devorining qolgan qismi

Bernauer Strasse shahridagi Berlin devorlari yodgorligi

Berlin devori uzoq vaqtdan beri demontaj qilingan va u egallab olgan asoslarning aksariyati butunlay qayta ishlangan bo'lsa ham, siz hali ham Berlin atrofida saqlanib qolgan devor qismlarini topishingiz mumkin. Bu Sharqiy Germaniya hukumati demontaj qilingandan so'ng darhol sotilgan devorning juda kichik qismlariga taalluqli emas, uni nafaqat Berlindagi turli xil kafe, restoran va mehmonxonalarda, balki hanuzgacha saqlanib qolgan devorning saqlanib qolgan parchalarini ham ko'rish mumkin. asl joylar. Berlinining markazida devor yugurgan masofaning katta qismida yulka markerlari uning oldingi joylashgan joyini ko'rsatadi.

Ikonik 52.51627222222213.3777222222223 Brandenburg darvozasi katta ko'chada, Unter den Linden. Eng tez-tez tashrif buyuradiganlardan biri 52.507513.390274 Charli nazorat punkti da Mitte va Kreuzbergning janubiy chegaralari, bu Fridrixstraße ichida qayta tiklangan afsonaviy chegara o'tish joyi. Siz u erda haqiqiy devorni ko'ra olmaysiz, ammo bu ramziy (va juda turistik) nuqta deyarli har bir tashrif buyuruvchilar ro'yxatida mavjud. U erdan g'arbiy tomonda, Niederkirchnerstraße yonida joylashgan devorning bir qismini topishingiz mumkin Terror topografiyasi muzey Kreuzberg. Yana bir mashhur sayt East Side galereyasi Spree bo'ylab Fridrixsheyn, rang-barang grafiti bilan saqlanib qolgan devorning juda uzoq qismi. Yuqorida aytib o'tilgan barcha qismlar o'zgartirildi va hozirgi kunda haqiqiy tarixiy yodgorliklar emas, balki turistik diqqatga sazovor joylarga aylandi - agar siz devorning haqiqatan ham saqlanib qolgan qismini istasangiz, u erga boring. Mitte va Gesundbrunnenning shimoliy chegarasi Bernauer Straße ko'chasida va tashrif buyuring 52.53513.38975 Berlin devor yodgorligi , butun g'amginlikda devorning to'liq qismi bilan. Nordbahnhof va Humbolthain stantsiyalari o'rtasida sayohat qilishda asl devorning kichikroq qismini S-Bahndan ko'rish mumkin.

Sobiq Berlin devori bo'ylab 160 km (99 milya) velosipedda yurish va yurish yo'li Berliner Mauerweg (Berlin Wall Trail), yaxshi joylashtirilgan va tarixiy ahamiyatga ega va tabiiy go'zallikning o'zgaruvchan bo'limlarini taqdim etadi.

Xususiy san'at galereyalari

Berlin san'at shahri bo'lgani uchun, yo'lingizda badiiy galereyani topish juda oson. Ular zamonaviy rassomlarning ishlarini unchalik ko'p bo'lmagan muhitda bepul tomosha qilish uchun yaxshi imkoniyat yaratadilar. O'ndan ziyod galereyaga ega bo'lgan ba'zi galereya ko'chalari - Auguststraße, Linienstraße, Torstraße, Brunnenstraße (barchasi) Mitte, S-Bahn stantsiyasining shimolida Oranienburger Straße), Zimmerstraße (Kreuzberg, U-Bahn stantsiyasi Kochstraße) va Fasanenstraße (Sharlottenburg). Siz barcha ko'rgazmalar va galereya ochilishlari ro'yxatini hamda xaritani topishingiz mumkin Berlin Art Grid.

Kuzatuv maydonchalari bo'lgan baland binolar

G'alaba ustuni

Berlin baland binolarning munosib ulushiga ega va shahar juda keng va barcha baland binolar joylashgan bitta markazga ega bo'lmaganligi sababli, ularning ko'pchiligidan, hattoki jahon standartlari bo'yicha baland bo'lmagan binolardan ham go'zal ko'rinishga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin. .

Ko'rish nuqtalarining aksariyati ichida tarqalgan Berlin / Mitte tuman. Germaniyaning eng baland qurilishi 52.52083333333313.4094444444446 Fernsehturm (Televizion minora) joylashgan Alexanderplatz, balandligi 368 m, bar va restoran bilan kuzatuv maydoni 205 m atrofida. Yaqin atrofda siz topishingiz mumkin Park Inn mehmonxonasi 40-qavatda kichik teras bilan. U erdan Fernsehturm haqida ajoyib fikrlarga egasiz. 101 m balandlikdagi zamonaviy binoda yana bir ko'rish nuqtasi bu Kollhoff minorasi da Potsdamer Platz, shuningdek, Evropada eng tezkor lift mavjud.

Ko'rish nuqtalari bo'lgan uchta eng muhim tarixiy binolardan biri bu Reichstagsgebäude, Germaniya parlamenti joylashgan bino Spreebogen / Regierungsviertel), ajoyib shisha gumbaz bilan Berlinning ajoyib ko'rinishini taqdim etadi. Gumbazga kirish bepul, ammo bunga ehtiyoj bor joyingizni oldindan bron qiling. Internet orqali joyni bron qilayotganda, iltimos, sizgacha pul olishini unutmang uchta jarayonidagi elektron pochta xabarlari: birinchisida sizning guruhingiz a'zolari ro'yxatini yaratish havolasi mavjud (jarayonni davom ettirish uchun ushbu havolani bosishingiz kerak); ikkinchisida sizning so'rovingiz qabul qilinganligi, ammo hali tasdiqlanmaganligi to'g'risida xabarnoma mavjud; uchinchi elektron pochta - bu tashrif buyurgan kuningiz (yoki bosma nusxada yoki telefoningizda) davlat tomonidan taqdim etilgan fotosurat guvohnomasi (ya'ni chet elliklar uchun pasportlar) bilan olib kelishingiz kerak bo'lgan tasdiqlashning o'zi.

67 m balandlikdagi mashhur yodgorlik 52.5145113.3501117 Siegessäule (G'alaba ustuni), bir paytlar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Reyxstagsgebäude oldida, lekin hozirda Straße des 17. Steynning o'rtasida joylashgan. Tiergarten, ko'rish platformasiga ega. Bundan tashqari, ustiga ko'tarilishingiz mumkin Berliner Dom (Berlin sobori) ichida Berlin / Mitte shaharning ko'rinishi uchun Museumsinsel-da.

Boshqa tumanda joylashgan ko'rish nuqtasi bu Funkturm (Radio minorasi) ichida Westend. Bu erdan 124 m balandlikda ochiq osmon ostidagi kuzatuv maydonchasi bo'lgan balandligi 150 m bo'lgan panjara minorasi.

Reychstagsgebäude-dagi yagona bepul ko'rish nuqtasi, boshqalari 3-13 evroni tashkil qiladi.

Hayvonot bog'i

Berlinda ikkita hayvonot bog'i va akvarium mavjud. The 52.50833333333313.33758 Berlin hayvonot bog'i g'arbda (Berlin / Mitte) tarixiy hayvonot bog'i. Bu shahardagi voha va oilalar va maktablar orasida juda mashhur. Bu dunyodagi eng katta turlarga ega va pandalari bilan mashhur. The Akvarium Berlin Germaniyadagi eng katta akvarium va Berlin hayvonot bog'ining bir qismidir (alohida tashrif buyurish mumkin). Bu hayvonot bog'ining kirish qismlaridan biri bo'lgan Elephant Gate (Budapester Straße) yaqinida va me'morchiligi tufayli ko'pchilik tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun an'anaviy fotosurat to'xtash joyi. The Tierpark Berlin Fridrixsfeldda (Berlin / Sharq) tarixiy Berlin hayvonot bog'iga qaraganda ancha kengroq va taxminan 50 yil davomida ochiq bo'lgan, Sharqdagi hokimiyat o'z xalqiga o'z hayvonot bog'ini taklif qilmoqchi bo'lgan davrga to'g'ri keladi. Kompozitsiyaga, shuningdek, yonidagi park bilan kichik chateau ham kiradi.

Qil

Shaxsiy ro'yxatlarni Berlinda topish mumkin tuman maqolalar

Nusxasini oling Exberliner, Berlinda har oy ingliz tilida chop etiladigan qog'oz, nima, qachon va qaerda ekanligini bilib olish uchun. Bu yuqori sifatli jurnalistika va zamonaviy ro'yxatlarni taqdim etadi. Agar siz nemis tilini tushunsangiz, shahar uchun faoliyatni rejalashtiruvchilar, zitty va uchi, har bir kioskda mavjud. Ko'p sonli variantni tanlashga tayyor bo'ling.

O'rganing

Ikki qavatli avtobusli jamoat avtobusi 100

Berlin Osthafenidagi "Molekulalar odamlari" haykali

A ga o'ting ekskursiya Berlin. Mitte va uning atrofidagi tumanlar uning tarixga boy ko'chalarida bir qator ajoyib piyoda sayohatlar qilish uchun etarlicha ixchamdir. Aks holda sog'inishingiz mumkin bo'lgan ajoyib narsalarni ko'rasiz. Tafsilotlar, odatda, yotoqxonalar va mehmonxonalarning qabulxonalarida mavjud.

• 52.506613.33281 Berlin tur 100 va 200-sonli avtobuslarda. 100 va 200 avtobus yo'nalishlari oddiy avtobus liniyalari, ammo ular Berlinning ko'plab taniqli joylari yonidan o'tishadi. Ikkalasi ham har 5-10 daqiqada S U-stantsiyasi Zoologischer Garten va S U-stantsiyasi Alexanderplatz o'rtasida ishlaydi. Barcha BVG chiptalari qabul qilinadi. 2,70 evro (bitta) yoki 7,60 evro (kunlik chipta). (yangilangan sentyabr 2016 yil)
• Bunker safari (o'z-o'zini boshqarish). Berlinda hali ham Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan shaharga tarqalgan ko'plab bunkerlar bor - ba'zilari qulab tushmoqda, ba'zilari makon sifatida foydalanilmoqda, boshqalari esa shaxsiy / pullik ekskursiyaga tashrif buyurishlari mumkin (masalan, Gesundbrunnen yaqinida). Ko'pchilik hali ham juda yaxshi holatda, ko'pincha Grafiti bilan qoplangan. Ular ko'pincha shahar me'morchiligiga aralashadilar va odatdagi binolar orasida deyarli sezilmaydi, lekin faqat ikki marta qarashda. Agar siz ushbu binolarning bir qismini o'rganishni istasangiz, boring OpenStreetMap (eksport) yoki shunga o'xshash ilovadan foydalaning OSM va va qidiring bunker. (yangilangan sentyabr 2020 yil)
• Stern und Kreisschiffahrt. Hozirgacha Berlindagi eng yirik qayiq kompaniyasi. Ular aksariyat ko'llarda ekskursiyalarni taklif qilishadi. 
• Segway Tour Berlin. 3. Berlindagi turli Segway Sightseeing Tours-ni taklif etadi. 10 kishilik kichik guruhlar uchun Brandenburger Tor yaqinidan boshlang. 75 evro. 
• Chipta B. Berlin shahrini qo'lda tanlangan me'moriy yo'nalishlarda ko'rsatish. Me'morlar tomonidan nemis, ingliz, frantsuz, italyan yoki ispan tillarida boshqariladi. Suvdan, quruqlikda yoki vertolyotda sayohatlar taklif etiladi. Ular Berlinda zamonaviy arxitektura bo'yicha maxsus ekskursiyangizni binolarning ichki qismiga ko'plab eksklyuziv tashriflar bilan uyushtiradilar. 
• "Verder yaxtasi". Berlin va uning atrofidagi Brandenburg federal shtati suv yo'llarida uzoq muddatli qolish imkoniyatini taklif etadi. 

Ochiq dam olish

Berlinda juda ko'p ajoyib narsalar mavjud bog'lar yozda juda mashhur. Yashil Berlin ulardan ba'zilari ishlaydi.

Berlinning eng katta bog'i Großer Tiergarten (ichida.) Berlin / Mitte). Yozda va dam olish kunlarida siz barbekyu bilan ko'plab oilalarni ko'rasiz.

Bir nechta diqqatga sazovor bog'lar mavjud Berlin / Sharqiy Markaziy. Janubiy Berlin bo'ylab ajoyib panoramali manzarani ko'rish mumkin Viktoriapark Kreuzbergda. Shinkel tomonidan yaratilgan milliy yodgorlikni ham topasiz. Mauerpark yozning har ikkinchi yakshanbasida va katta bit bozorida bo'lib o'tadigan Bearpit Karaoke mashhur. Bu, shuningdek, mashhur barbekyu joyi. Görlitzer bog'i barbekyu maydoni, futbol maydonchasi va minigolf kompaniyasi mavjud.

Sharlottenburg saroyiga ulashgan Berlin / G'arbiy shahar bu Schlossgarten Charlottenburg. Parkning yashil maydonlari bepul, shuning uchun saroyga qiziqmasangiz ham, u erga sayr qilish uchun borishingiz mumkin.

Biroz narida, metroga kirish imkoni bor Berlin / Sharq ular Gärten der Welt (Dunyo bog'i). Ichkarida siz katta, yaxshi tashkil etilgan xitoy bog'i, koreys bog'i, kichik Bali bog'i / shisha uyi, chiroyli favvoralar va klozet bilan sharqona bog 'va Berlin va Tokio shaharlari hamkorligi loyihasi bo'lgan yapon bog'ini topishingiz mumkin. Tashrif uchun eng yaxshi vaqt bahorda yoki yozda. Qarama-qarshi yo'nalishda biroz uzoqroqda, ichida Berlin / Steglitz-Zehlendorf, bo'ladi Botanischer Garten und Botanisches muzeyi Berlin-Dahlem (Botanika bog'i va Berlin-Dahlem botanika muzeyi).

Katta Treptower parki yilda Berlin / Treptov-Köpenik Spree yonida chiroyli va toza. Bu Insel der Jugend (Yoshlik oroli) va ko'plab qayiq ijarasi va qayiq safari bilan mashhur.

Berlinda ham ularning soni juda oz ko'llar va plyajlar suzish uchun mos. Ular ko'pincha bitta pullik maydonga ega, va tez-tez boshqariladigan joylar bepul kirish huquqiga ega. Ba'zilarida yalang'och cho'milish uchun joy ajratilgan (FKK). Vannsi yilda Berlin / Steglitz-Zehlendorf Berlinning "vannasi" deb nomlanadi. Strandbad Vannsi - bu mahalliy aholi uchun eng mashhur cho'milish joyi. S-Bahn S1 yoki S7 yo'nalishlarini Nikolassee stantsiyasiga olib boring va olomonga ergashing! Berlinning janubi-sharqida Berlin / Treptov-Köpenik, topasiz Muggelsee bu mashhur suzish joyi.

Festivallar va yillik tadbirlar

Chiroqlar festivalida frantsuz gumbazi

• Ultraschall Berlin - Festival für neue Musik. Yanvar oyida. 1999 yilda boshlangan har yili o'tkaziladigan festival dunyo miqyosidagi premyeralari va so'nggi bastakorlarning musiqalari ishtirokidagi yangi musiqalarga bag'ishlangan. Konsertlar shaharning turli joylarida bo'lib, ularni katta orkestrlarga qadar kichik ansambllar ijro etadi. (yangilangan Yanvar 2018)
• Berlinale - Berlin kinofestivali. Fevral oyida. Shaharning eng yirik madaniy hodisasi va jahon kino sanoati taqvimidagi muhim voqea (u erda Kann bilan birga). 250,000 chiptalari sotildi, har yili 400 ta turli filmlar namoyish etildi va ko'plab partiyalar va tadbirlar o'tkazildi. Kanndan farqli o'laroq, Berlinoladagi barcha namoyishlar jamoatchilik uchun ochiq. "Xalqaro yosh filmlar forumi" namoyishlari va "Berlinale Panorama" (tanlovda bo'lmagan filmlar) uchun chiptalarni olish arzon va nisbatan oson.  
• MaerzMusik. Mart oyida. Berliner Festspiele tomonidan tashkil etilgan zamonaviy musiqa va zamonamiz muammolari bo'yicha spektakllar bilan festival. (yangilangan Mart 2019)
• 52.50169313.4457612 Oberbaumbrücke havo galereyasini oching, Kreuzberg va Fridrixshayn o'rtasidagi Oberbaumbrück (yilda Berlin / Sharqiy Markaziy, Oberbaum ko'prigi ostida). Iyun: 10: 00-22: 00. Rassomlar o'zlarining ishlarini sotmoqdalar, havaskor tango raqqosalari ommaviy chiqishlarni namoyish qilishmoqda va siz festival bo'ylab ko'chada yoyilgan juda uzun tuvaldagi hamkorlikdagi rasmga o'z hissangizni qo'shishingiz mumkin. Ozod. 
• Fête de la Musique (Butunjahon musiqa kuni). Har yili 21 iyun. Shu kuni shahar atrofidagi barcha musiqa turlari Frantsiyaning aksariyat shaharlarida xuddi shunday kun bilan muvofiqlashtirilmoqda. 
• Yosh Evro Klassik. Avgust oyida. Dunyo bo'ylab yoshlar orkestrlari ishtirok etadigan 2000 yilda tashkil etilgan musiqa festivali. Kontsertlar Berlinning Konzerthaus shahrida Gendarmenmarktda bo'lib o'tadi. Festival odatda taxminan 2 hafta davom etadi. Konsertlarda ko'pincha jahon premyeralari namoyish etiladi. (yangilangan Iyul 2018)
• Lange Nacht der Museen (Uzoq muzeylar kechasi), ☏ 49 30 24749888. Avgust oxiri. Ko'plab muzeylarga ega bo'lgan katta madaniy tadbir (80 atrofida) soat 02: 00gacha ochiladi va shahar atrofida qo'shimcha tadbirlar. Kattalar 18 evro, imtiyozlar 12 evro, 12 yoshgacha bepul. Chipta avtobus xizmati va jamoat transportidan (BVG va S-Bahn) cheksiz foydalanishni o'z ichiga oladi. Agar oldindan sotib olsangiz, chiptalar arzonroq. (yangilangan avgust 2018)
• Federal hukumatning ochiq eshiklari kuni (Tag der offenen Tür der Bundesregierung). Avgust oyida o'tgan hafta oxiri. Bir hafta oxiri federal hukumat Federal vazirliklar va boshqa hukumat muassasalarining ko'pchiligiga kirish mumkin bo'lgan ochiq eshik kunlarini tashkil qiladi. Germaniya kantsleriyasining ayrim qismlariga ham kirish mumkin, u erda hozirgi kantsler odatda paydo bo'ladi. Joylar o'rtasida bepul transport ta'minlanadi. Xavfsizlik tekshiruvlari mavjud va ular kattaroq narsalarni (masalan, chamadonlar) olib kelmaslik haqida maslahat berishadi. Siz bilan rasmiy guvohnoma olib keling. Ozod. (yangilangan avgust 2018)
• Musikfest Berlin. Avgust oxiri. Mavsum boshlanishiga bag'ishlangan katta klassik musiqa festivali. Taxminan 2 hafta davomida Berlinning ko'plab musiqa joylarida kontsertlar mavjud. Taniqli xalqaro va nemis orkestrlari chiqish qiladi. Tomonidan tashkil etilgan Berliner Festspiele. (yangilangan avgust 2018)
• Chiroqlar festivali, ☏ 49 30 25489244. Oktyabr oyida. Berlinda mashhur binolar o'zgacha tarzda yoritilgan 10 kunlik festival. Ozod.  

Paradlar

• Karneval. Fevral oyi oxirida yoki mart oyining boshlarida. Berlinda ko'p odamlar dastlab Germaniyaning janubiy yoki g'arbiy hududidan kelganlar Fasching, Fastnaxt yoki Karneval nishonlanadi, Berlinda karnaval paradi ham tashkil etilgan. U borgan sari kattalashib bordi (500 mingdan 1 milliongacha odam tomosha qilmoqda), lekin kostyumlar va mashinalar juda zerikarli va odamlar "asl" katta karnaval paradlaridagi kabi kiyinmagan (Kyoln, Maynts, Dyusseldorf). 2007 yildan beri Kurfürstendamm bo'ylab an'anaviy yo'l tanlandi. Berlinliklarning o'zi Karnevalga umuman ahamiyat berishmaydi; bu asosan Germaniyada Karnevalga ega bo'lgan hududlardan kelgan odamlar uchun tadbir. Agar siz Karnevalga borganingizni eslasangiz, aksariyat berlinliklar sizni kulishadi - bu Berlin an'anasi emas, balki 1990 yildan keyingi muassasa. 
• Karneval der Kulturen (Madaniyatlar karnavali). May yoki iyun oylarida (oq yakshanba kuni). "Madaniyatlar karnavali" g'oyasi shaharning turli xil etnik guruhlarining an'anaviy musiqa, liboslar va raqslarni namoyish etadigan paradidir. Boshqa zamonaviy, muqobil va siyosiy guruhlar ham ishtirok etmoqda. Shu kabi tadbirlar ham o'tkaziladi Gamburg va Frankfurt.  
• Kristofer ko'chasi kuni. Iyul oxiri. Berlinning gey mag'rurligi. Germaniyaning barcha yirik shaharlarida geylar madaniyati huquqlari uchun taniqli yillik siyosiy namoyish. Agar siz ushbu masalaga befarq bo'lsangiz ham, Kristofer ko'chasi kuni odatda juda yaxshi voqea hisoblanadi, chunki ko'plab ishtirokchilar yovvoyi liboslarda qatnashadilar. 
• Fuckparade. Avgust oyida. Fuckparade (dastlabki kunlarda Hateparade) antiparad yoki tijoratlashtirilgan Sevgi Paradiga qarshi namoyish sifatida boshlandi va birinchi bo'lib Sevgi Paradida bo'lgan sanada edi, ammo keyinchalik sana o'zgartirildi. Fuckparade - bu siyosiy namoyish bo'lib, boshida va oxirida siyosiy ma'ruzalar va ular orasida musiqa bilan parad mavjud. Fuckparade-ning umumiy shiori "klub sahnasini yo'q qilishga qarshi". Musiqa Sevgi Paradiga qaraganda ancha farq qiladi: asosan mustaqil / alternativ / ekstremal elektron musiqa.  
• Xanf-parad. Avgust oyida. Hanfparad - bu qishloq xo'jaligida va stimulyator sifatida foydalanish uchun kanopni qonuniylashtirish uchun eng yirik Evropa siyosiy namoyishi. Ma'lumki, politsiya bilan to'qnashuvlar bo'lib, ushbu namoyishda nasha har qanday shaklini iste'mol qilish yaxshi fikr emas, chunki politsiya iroda qodirligini ko'rsatish uchungina odamlarni boshqarish. (2016 yil may oyida yangilandi)

Madaniy joylar

Konzerthaus Berlin, Gendarmenmarkt

Berlin, shubhasiz, Germaniyaning jonli madaniy markazi. Bo'lim paytida ikkita yirik poytaxtning madaniy infratuzilmasi bo'lganligi sababli, teatrlar, operalar va universitetlar juda ko'p. Bular bo'sh shahar xazinasini tortib olib, Germaniyaning boshqa qismidan kelgan odamlarning subsidiyalar to'g'risida shikoyat qilishlariga olib keladi, ammo ular Evropadagi eng jonli madaniy sahnalardan birini jonli saqlashga yordam beradi.

Madaniy tadbirlar ro'yxati berilgan keng qamrovli platforma tomonidan taklif etiladi Berlin Bühnen 80 ga yaqin joy nomidan. Berlinning mumtoz va zamonaviy ijro etiladigan san'at uchun taniqli madaniy muassasalarini asosan topish mumkin Mitte va G'arbiy shahar. Agar siz spektakl yoki kontsertni tomosha qilmoqchi bo'lmasangiz ham, ko'plab joylar me'morchilik jihatidan juda ta'sirli va o'ziga xos diqqatga sazovor joylar sifatida.

Ustida teatr yon tomonda, "katta qadimgi" unvon bo'lishi mumkin Deutsches teatri, aktyorlar va rejissyorlarning ta'sirchan tarkibiga ega klassik teatr. Umuman olganda, Berlinda mashhur teatrlar zamonaviyroq xarakterga ega. Ular orasida Berliner ansambli, Maksim Gorki nomidagi teatr, ba'zan bahsli Volksbühne am Rosa Luxemburg Platz, Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz shuningdek Kurfürstendamm teatri televizion yulduzlar bilan zamonaviy spektakllarda.Shaharda ham bor Ingliz teatri yilda Sharqiy markaziy Berlin, agar ingliz tilidagi chiqishlarni afzal ko'rsangiz. Ba'zi teatr joylari musiqiy asarlari bilan mashhur: tarixiy Teatr des Westens, Potsdamer Platz teatri, va Fridrixshtadt-Palast, dunyodagi eng katta teatr sahnasida 100 dan ziyod san'atkorlar ishtirokidagi Berlinning eng katta namoyishi.

Ning muxlislari opera tanlash uchun bir nechta joylar mavjud. Asosiy klassik opera teatrlari Deutsche Operva Staatsoper Unter den Linden uning ajoyib binosi va qirollik tarixi binoga tashrif buyurishga arziydi. Zamonaviy operalar uchun ushbu sahifaga o'ting Komische Oper Berlin, Shiller teatri yoki Neukolner Oper, eng yaxshi off-opera teatrida bir necha bor ovoz bergan va zamonaviy va zamonaviy asarlari bilan tanilgan. Odatda nemis tilida odatda Germaniyadagi o'zgarishlar bilan bog'liq va juda ijodiy va innovatsion.

Berliner filarmoniyasi Gans Scharoun tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va bu uyning katta kontsert zali Berlin filarmoniya orkestri. Mashhur bino va taniqli musiqachilar. Rezervasyon qilish tavsiya etiladi, lekin arzonroq chiptalar odatda konsertdan 2-4 soat oldin sotilmaydi, agar sotib olinmasa. Har seshanba (sentyabrdan iyungacha) 13: 00-14: 00 bepul tushlik kontserti; erta kel Qishda, kechqurun kechki konsertlar (22:30 yoki 23:00) arzon narx bo'lib, ko'pincha avangard yoki noan'anaviy formatlarga ega. Qo'shni Kammermusiksaal (Kamera musiqiy zali) keyinchalik qo'shildi va kichikroq kontsertlarni o'tkazadi. Klassik musiqadan zavqlanadigan boshqa joylar Konzerthaus Berlin va Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler (HfM). HfM (Berlin musiqa akademiyasi) o'z talabalari va boshqa professional musiqachilar tomonidan ko'plab kontsertlarni taklif qiladi, ularning aksariyati bepul.

Kino

Berlinda yuzga yaqin kinoteatrlar mavjud, garchi ularning aksariyati subtitrsiz faqat nemis tilida dublyaj qilingan filmlarni namoyish etishadi. Listed below are some of the more important cinemas also showing movies in the original language (look for the OmU - "original with subtitles" - notation). Most movies which are dubbed into German are released a bit later in Germany. Tickets are normally €5-7. Monday to Wednesday are special cinema days with reduced admission.

There are three notable cinemas in Kreuzberg in Berlin/East Central within close proximity. Babylon Kreuzberg, a small cinema built in the 1950s, which shows non-mainstream movies. Kino Moviemento which is the oldest cinema in Germany (1907). And Eiszeit. In Berlin/Mitte near Hackesche Höfe there is Kino Central, a repertory cinema located in an ex-squat, and Filmtheater Hackesche Höfe showing a very broad range of movies. Kant Kino yilda Berlin/City West is one of the few old cinemas (founded 1912) left in Berlin's western city. It shows mostly non-mainstream European movies.

The mainstream cinema, CineStar Original, shows only movies in original version (e.g. in English, without subtitles); va CineStar IMAX is a 3D cinema with special laser and sound technology. IMAX films are usually available in English. Both cinemas are located in the Sony Center at Potsdamer Platz in Berlin/Mitte.

Sport

In Berlin, nearly all sports are on offer; some speculate that the lukewarm support Hertha enjoys even in times of success is due to the huge offer of other sports (similar to how Los Angeles failed to maintain an NFL team due to the diverse cultural offerings):

• Watch association football i.e. soccer. Berlin has two professional teams, both in Bundesliga, the top tier of association football in Germany.

Herta BSC is the best known: they play at Olympia stadium in Charlottenburg west of the centre. The stadium itself is worth seeing - it hosted the 2006 Fifa world cup final and the infamous 1936 Olympics.

Union Berlin: their home stadium is in Köpenick southeast of the centre.

There are no city teams in the 2nd or 3rd tier of Bundesliga, but several at lower levels: the Berlin FA lists them all.

• Berlin Handball has had a hard time competing with the north German powerhouses but these days the Füchse Berlin from Reinickendorf who play their home games in Max Schmeling Halle are a force to be reckoned with.
• 52.5057713.4431563 Basketball. Alba Berlin, known as The Albatross are consistently the best basketball team in Germany, and one of the best in Europe. With fans crazier than most in the NBA, Albatross games at the o2 World arena are an exciting way to take in one of the world's greatest sports. 
• Public swimming pools. Can be found around the city. Check out BBB for pool listings and opening times. 
• Sailing, on one of the many lakes is also popular. You can find sailing clubs and most universities have ships as well.
• Golf. You can find golf clubs all around Berlin, although for non-members Motzen has one of the best.
• 52.5057713.4431564 Ice hockey. The Berlin Eisbären (Polar Bears) play this fast, exciting and very physical sport during the winter. The excitement is heightened by the singing and chanting of the crowds, who are fueled by the copious quantities of wurst and beer available. 
• Floorball, is booming faster than ever before in the German capital. A sum of teams defines the cascade of the local floorball scene, whereas the decorated Bundesliga site of BAT Berlin probably embodies the most prominent one.
• American Football. After the closing of NFL Europe and the related end of Berlin Thunder (triple winner of the World Bowl), the Berlin Adler (Eagles) have historically been Berlin's No. 1 team playing in the German Football League (until 2017) they are one of the oldest and most storied teams in Germany being a founding member of the first American Football season in 1979 but have entered something of a slump, often falling to their crosstown rivals. Apart from the "Berlin-Derby" a highlight of the season is the match against the Dresden Monarchs as the two teams share an intense and storied rivalry. The Berlin Rebels (in 2018) have somewhat overtaken them in on-field success playing in the first division German Football League. The 2017 season saw the Adler lose the promotion/relegation round against a team from Potsdam so 2018 will see the Rebels and Potsdam but no Adler in the GFL1. American Football in Germany is a very relaxed and family friendly affair and you can definitely show up in any NFL, German or no Football gear at all and have a chat with fans of either side.
• 52.51399113.2319215 Australian Football. The Berlin Crocodiles host regular matches in the summer. 

O'rganing

The German capital naturally has some good options for learning the language:

• 52.5247713.406221 Goethe-Institut Berlin, Neue Schönhauser Str. 20, ☏ 49 30 259063, ✉[email protected]. Learn the German language with a variety of courses of different durations. Certificates from this institute are globally recognised as the standard for German language ability. 

Work

The current economic climate is stable but to find work in Berlin is not easy. A sound level of German improves your chance as only few multinational companies are present in Berlin. Any kind of skills (especially language) that separates you from the masses will definitely improve your chances for a job. Berlin has a lower GDP per capita than the German average, but slowly but surely new startups founded in Berlin are becoming bigger and bigger players and some companies have decided to open representative headquarters in Berlin following reunification - most notably Siemens, a company founded and intimately linked with Berlin that had most of its production and even de facto headquarters in Erlangen va Munich during partition but is to reoccupy "Siemensstadt" (a part of Berlin/Spandau) with a railway line built in the 1920s to serve Siemens to be reactivated.

If you have an academic background then teaching English (Spanish, French and Latin are good, too) or private tutoring (e.g. math) for pupils is always a possibility as Berlin is a young city and education is in strong demand. Otherwise working in a bar might be an option but it'll be tough, because wages are low and big tips are uncommon. Chances are much better when big trade fairs (e.g. "Grüne Woche", bread & butter or ITB) or conventions take place so apply at temp and trade fair agencies. The hospitality industry and call centres are constantly hiring but wages are very low unless you can offer special skills (such as exotic languages) or background.

Berlin has a growing media, modelling and TV/movie industry. For daily soaps, telenovelas and movies most companies look for people with something specific. Apply at the bigger casting and acting agencies.

For English-language jobs, if might be worth checking out the classified ads of this monthly magazine for English-speakers, Exberliner.

Sotib oling

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's tuman articles

Breitscheidplatz (between Ku'damm and Tauentzienstraße) in wintertime

The famous Ku'Damm

Galeries Lafayette, Friedrichstraße

Yo'nalish

The main shopping areas are:

• Ku'Damm and its extension Tauentzienstraße yilda Berlin/City West remain the main shopping streets even now that the Wall has come down. KaDeWe (Kaufhaus des Westens) at Wittenbergplatz is a must visit just for the vast food department on the 6th floor. It's reputedly the biggest department store in Continental Europe and still has an old world charm, with very helpful and friendly staff.
• Schloßstraße in Steglitz (Berlin/Steglitz-Zehlendorf) with the shopping centre Schloss-Straßen-Center, Forum Steglitz, Karstadt, Boulevard Berlin, Naturkaufhaus and Das Schloss, between the subway stations U9 Walther-Schreiber-Platz and U9 S1 Rathaus Steglitz.
• Friedrichstraße yilda Berlin/Mitte is the upmarket shopping street in former East Berlin with Galeries Lafayette and the other Quartiers (204 to 207) as main areas to be impressed with wealthy shoppers.
• Alexanderplatz yilda Berlin/Mitte. The renovated Galeria Kaufhof department store is worth a visit. For alternative souvenirs go to ausberlin.

The main shopping area for the alternative, but still wealthy crowd is north of Hackescher Markt yilda Berlin/Mitte, especially around the Hackesche Höfe.

For some more affordable but still very fashionable shopping there is Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin/East Central with a lot of young designers opening shops, but also lots of record stores and design shops. Constant change makes it hard to recommend a place, but the area around station Eberswalder Straße in Prenzlauer Berg, around Bergmannstraße and Oranienstraße in Kreuzberg and around Boxhagener Platz in Friedrichshain are always great when it comes to shopping.

For souvenirs, have a look just in front of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche (Berlin/City West); these shops sell almost the same items as others, but are cheaper. However, not all members of staff speak English. You can also get cheap postcards there (from €0.30 while the average price for normal postcard is €0.50-0.80).

Markets

There are four market halls selling fresh produce and ready-to-eat food. Marheinecke Markthalle va Markthalle Neun are both in Kreuzberg (Berlin/East Central), Arminiusmarkthalle is in Moabit (Berlin/City West), and Markthalle Tegel is in Tegel (Berlin/Reinickendorf and Spandau).

You can find dozens of flea markets with different themes in Berlin (mostly on weekends), but worth checking out is the big one at Straße des 17. Juni (between Ernst-Reuter-Haus and S-Bahn: Tiergarten). Two other flea markets are at Mauerpark in Prenzlauer Berg (Berlin/East Central) and at Arkonaplatz (Berlin/Mitte), which is close to Mauerpark. Both are on Sundays, so you can combine visiting them.

Opening hours

Shopping hours are theoretically unlimited on weekdays. Nevertheless, many of the smaller shops still close at 20:00. Most of the bigger stores and nearly all of the malls are open until 21:00 or 22:00 from Thursday to Saturday.

Sunday opening is still limited to about a dozen weekends per year, although some supermarkets in train stations (Hauptbahnhof, Bahnhof Zoologischer Garten (under the S-Bahn bridge), Friedrichstraße, Innsbrucker Platz (U4 in the underground) and Ostbahnhof) are open on Sundays.

Many bakeries and small food stores (called Spätkauf or colloquially "Späti") are open late at night and on Sundays in more gentrified neighbourhoods (especially Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain). Stores inside the Hauptbahnhof (central station) have long working hours (usually until about 22:00-23:00), also on Sundays.

Credit cards

Although credit card and VISA/Mastercard-branded debit card acceptance is becoming more common, many stores still take only cash. Most places in tourist zones will accept credit cards, but it is still a good idea to ask in advance if you intend to pay with one. Many restaurants require a minimum check amount, sometimes in excess of €30.

For Americans, Germany uses the chip-and-pin system so you may have trouble at places like unattended gas stations and automated ticket machines. Often, a cashier will be able to swipe the magnetic strip, but don't be surprised if someone refuses your credit card because it doesn't have a chip. If possible, contact your card issuer before leaving home to see if they can replace your existing card with one that has a chip.

Yemoq

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's tuman articles

Lovers of street food rejoice! Berlin has an incredibly wide variety of different styles and tastes at very affordable prices (for European wallets, that is). You can find superb food in small stalls tucked away under the tracks of elevated U-Bahn stretches for well under five euros.

Berlin Currywurst

A staple in Berlin is currywurst. It's a bratwurst covered in ketchup and curry powder. You can find them all over Berlin by street vendors. It's a must try when in Berlin. Two renowned currywurst stands are "Konnopke's Imbiss" below Eberswalder Straße U-Bahn station on line 2 and "Curry 36" opposite the Mehringdamm U-Bahn station in Kreuzberg (only two stops south of Checkpoint Charlie). Both of these offer far friendlier service than many of Berlin's more upmarket eateries.

Another famous thing to eat in Berlin is döner, a flat bread filled with lamb or chicken meat and vegetables, available at many Turkish stands.

Berlin may seem like carnivore heaven, but vegetarians va vegans can eat quite well. Berliners are generally environmentally conscious, and that extends to their food; most of the inner neighbourhoods have a handful of good healthy vegetarian or vegan restaurants using local ingredients, though they tend to be more expensive than the ubiquitous kebab and sausage stands. If you're a vegetarian on a limited budget, many kebab restaurants have a good selection of roasted vegetables and salads, and you can usually get falafels (fried chickpea balls, suitable for vegans) and halloumi (a type of dense cheese) in place of meat.

Eating out in Berlin is incredibly inexpensive compared to any other Western European capital or other German cities. The city is multicultural and many cultures' cuisines are represented here somewhere, although they are often modified to suit German tastes.

All prices must include VAT by law. Only upmarket restaurants may ask for a further service surcharge. It is best to ask if credit cards are accepted before you sit down—it's not that common to accept credit cards and cash is preferred. Most likely to be accepted are Visa and MasterCard; all other cards will only be accepted in some upmarket restaurants. European debit cards are not always accepted because due to debit card fraud, some processing companies stopped intra-European cards from specific countries. This does not apply to debit cards that are from German banks. Better have cash or ask the restaurant staff.

Yo'nalish

Restaurants between Nollendorfplatz and Winterfeldplatz in Schöneberg

One of the main tourist areas for eating out is Hackescher Markt/Oranienburger Straße. This area has dramatically changed during the years: once full of squats and not-entirely-legal bars and restaurants, it had some real character. It is rapidly being developed and corporatised, and even the most famous squat - the former Jewish-owned proto-shopping mall "Tacheles" - has had a bit of a facelift. There are still some gems in the side streets, though, The "Assel" (Woodlouse) on Oranienburger Straße, furnished with DDR-era furniture, is still relatively authentic and worth a visit, especially on a warm summer night. Oranienburger Straße is also an area where prostitutes line up at night, but don't be put off by this. The area is actually very safe since several administrative and religious buildings are located here.

For cheap and good food (especially from Turkey and the Middle East) you should try Kreuzberg va Neukölln with their abundance of Indian, pizza and Döner Kebap restaurants. Prices start from €2 for a kebab or Turkish pizza (different from the original Italian recipe and ingredients). If you are looking for a quick meal you could try getting off at Görlitzer Bahnhof or Schlesisches Tor on the U1 line - the area is filled with inexpensive, quality restaurants.

Kastanienallee is a good choice too - but again not what it used to be since the developers moved in (much less exploited than Hackescher Markt, though). It's a popular area with artists and students and has a certain Bohemian charm. Try Imbiss W, at the corner of Zionskirchstraße and Kastanienallee, where they serve superb Indian fusion food, mostly vegetarian, at the hands of artist-chef Gordon W. Further. Up the street is the Prater Garten, Berlin's oldest beer garden and an excellent place in the summer.

All restaurant information is in the corresponding borough articles of

• Kreuzberg & Friedrichshain – Young and independent student area with a big Turkish community in Kreuzberg, slowly but surely gentrifying.
• G'arbiy shahar – Heart of West Berlin with good quality restaurants.
• Mitte – Political and new centre of East Berlin with upmarket restaurants.
• Schöneberg – City slickers and street cafe atmosphere.
• Prenzlauer Berg – Buzzing Prenzlberg and its lively student scene.

Waiters and tipping

Except at very high-end restaurants, nobody will seat you. If you see an open table, just sit down. You may need to go get a menu yourself from another table or a pile near the cash register. If you sit outside, expect slightly slower service.

As in most European countries, you need to tell the waiter when you want to pay and leave. The waiter will come to you usually with a money purse, and the custom in Germany is to tell the waiter how much you're paying (including the tip) when you receive the bill — don't leave the money on the table. If there is confusion with the tip, remember to ask for your change, Wechselgeld (money back).

Add a 5-10% tip (or round up to the next Euro) to the bill if you are satisfied with the service. If you received shoddy service or are otherwise unsatisfied it is perfectly acceptable to not tip at all - waiters and waitresses have the same €8.85 an hour minimum wage any other job has, so they don't depend on tips as the biggest part of their salary like in the US.

Breakfast

It is very common to go out for breakfast or brunch (long breakfast and lunch, all you can eat buffet, usually from 10:00-16:00, for €4-12 - sometimes including coffee, tea or juice). See the district pages of Berlin/City West#Breakfast va Berlin/East Central#Eat.

Ichish

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's tuman articles

A word of warning: Berlin's famous laissez-faire attitude is perhaps most evident in its approach to indoor smoking. Although technically prohibited in all but the smallest bars, you should assume that everywhere you go out, if no food is being served, will be quite smoky. This is also the case at clubs and large concert venues. If you have any medical issues, then you should be prepared, and either change your plans or bring a well-fitting mask. If not sure, call the venue and ask.

Clubs

The club scene in Berlin is one of the biggest and most progressive in Europe. Even though there are some 200 clubs in the city, it's sometimes difficult to find the right club for you since the best ones are a bit off the beaten track and most bouncers will keep bigger tourist groups out. If you want to go clubbing, you will almost always have to pay an entrance fee. However, entrance is cheap compared to other big European cities, normally €5-15 (usually no drink included).

The main clubbing districts are in the east: Mitte (north of Hackescher Markt, around Alexanderplatz and around Köpenicker Straße), Friedrichshain (the "techno strip" along the Spree river), and Kreuzberg (around Schlesisches Tor). In once legendary Prenzlauer Berg almost all clubs have disappeared due to gentrification since the 2000s, while it still has many trendy bars and cafés. A few mainstream clubs are also located in Charlottenburg and at Potsdamer Platz. Techno is still the biggest sound in Berlin, with lots of progressive DJs and live acts around. But there are also many clubs playing '60s beat, alternative rock and of course mainstream music. Clubbing days are Thursday, Friday and especially Saturday, but some clubs are open every day of the week. On weekends partying in Berlin starts around midnight and peaks around 2AM or 3AM in many clubs, a bit later in techno clubs. Berlin is famous for its long and decadent after hours, going on until Monday evening. In regard to electronic music, you can check Resident Advisor for the best parties before you go out.

Bars

Berliners -especially young Berliners- love cocktails. People like to meet their friends at a cocktail bar before going clubbing. Prenzlauer Berg (Around U-Bahnhof Eberswalder Str., Helmholtzplatz, Oderberger Straße and Kastanienallee), Kreuzberg (Bergmannstraße, Oranienstraße and the area around Görlitzer Park and U-Bahnhof Schlesisches Tor), Schöneberg (Goltzstraße, Nollendorfplatz, Motzstraße for gays), and Friedrichshain (Simon-Dach-Straße and around Boxhagener Platz) are the main areas.

Some bars charge a small refundable deposit for glasses - you are given a token with your drink to return (with your glass) to the bar.

At Warschauer Straße (which you can reach via S-Bahn and U-Bahn station Warschauer Straße) and more specifically Simon-Dach-Straße and around Boxhagener Platz you can find a wide variety of bars. It is common for locals to meet at Warschauer to go to a bar there. Also Ostkreuz ("Eastcross") and Frankfurter Allee are well known meeting points. Especially to visit the alternative ("underground-/left-szene") locations in houseprojects (so called squats), like the Supamolly at Jessnerstreet (Traveplatz), the Scharni38 (Scharnweberstreet) and so on, or famous alternative clubs on the Revaler Straße, like the R.A.W. yoki Lovelite on Simplonstraße.

There are lots of Irish bars all over the city, as there are in all European cities. If you like off-the-shelf Irish bars or watching football in English then you won't be disappointed, but in a city with new cool bars opening pretty much daily and a huge range from which to choose, you'll find that these cater mostly to the Irish construction workers and Germans attracted by Irish music, which is often played in them. The Irish pub in the Europa Center at Tauentzienstraße is famous. Located in the basement of a skyscraper, you will find a big Irish pub and a rowdy crowd on the weekend. It also claims to have the longest bar in all of Berlin!

There aren't as many illegal bars as there were in the 1990s but bars open and close faster than you can keep up - check out the bar and cocktail guides in the bi-weekly magazines Tip yoki Zitty. For recommended bars, have a look at the district pages.

Concerts

There are well over 1000 rock concerts a year in Berlin.You can find concerts in the big known locations but there are also many interesting little venues.You can find a good overview of the current concerts on the Ma Baker concert page.Every day the concerts are updated and displayed there.

Brauhäuser

A Brauhaus (brewery) brews and sells its own beer on the premises. There is usually a public viewing area onto the brewery. Sinab ko'ring Gaffel Haus, Brauhaus Georgbraeu, Brauhaus Mitte, Brauhaus Spandau va Brauhaus Lemke.

Cafes

Cafe Einstein is one particular example of a home grown coffee chain which has nice staff, great coffee and is fairly priced. In particular, the Einstein on Unter den Linden is as far from "junk coffee" as it's possible to be.

If you want to get some tap water, ask for "Leitungswasser" (if you just say "water" (Wasser), you will receive mineral water.) This is common if you drink coffee. They should not charge you for it but you should order another drink as well.

Street drinking

Kiosks (off licences) can be found all over the city and sell bottled beers and other drinks. A kiosk will generally have a bottle opener on the counter and it is permitted to drink alcohol in the street. A refundable deposit of 8 to 25 cents per container (Pfand) is charged on plastic and glass bottles.

Uyqu

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's tuman articles

Berlin is still witnessing a construction boom of hotels and offices since the end of the Cold War. The boom leads to a significant oversupply of hotels which results in comparatively cheap prices even in the 5 star category (off-season prices of €110 per night are not unusual). Especially for a short visit, it may be best to stay at a place in Berlin-Mitte (around Friedrichstraße), as most of the main sights are located there. Due to its history most hotels in Berlin are still located in the City West (i.e. Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf), especially close to Zoo station. Alexanderplatz and Anhalter Bahnhof have clusters of 2-3 star budget hotels (i.e. Ibis, Motel One). You'll find only budget hotels (Motel One and Meininger) located directly at the new main train station but some large constructions are in progress. The (oddly named) budget hotel chain 'Motel-One' operates various 2-star hotels in the city centre. There are also many 3-4 star 'NH Hotels' offering good value. All major hotel chains are present in Berlin. A good idea to check that the hotel is close to public transport (U-Bahn or S-Bahn) to avoid too long walks.

Cheapest are youth hostels (called Jugendherbergen, only for members) and hostels (similar to youth hostels, but for everyone, mostly backpackers stay here, usually in one to 32-bed rooms). You will also find bed and breakfast offers (often private) and boarding houses (Pension, more familiar and smaller than hotels). The majority of private flats on platforms like AirBnB are offered illegaly in Berlin and contribute to the ongoing housing crisis. Try to choose your accommodation responsibly!

Check the district pages for individual accommodation listings. Popular hotel districts include:

• Mitte - mostly high-end hotels in the main tourist areas and some cheap hotels and hostels on the outskirts
• Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf - the largest number of mid-range and upscale hotels can be found here, mostly grouped around the Zoologischer Garten railway station and the Ku'damm
• Prenzlauer Berg - here you will find many independent small hotels, hostels and guesthouses in the relaxed atmosphere of this district
• Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg - the centre of alternative life in Berlin offers many suitably-themed accommodation opportunities, mostly hostels and guesthouses

You may find accommodation at reasonable prices in almost any district of Berlin, but be mindful of the time it may take to get from that place to where you want to visit, as Berlin is a very large city.

Connect

You can find internet cafes and telephone shops all around Berlin. Do a bit of research with the telephone shops because most focus on a particular region in the world. Many bars, restaurants and cafes offer their guests free wi-fi. Customers of the ubiquitous Einstein Coffee get 30 minutes of free wifi. Metro (U-Bahn) stations offer free wi-fi to everybody: BVG Wi-Fi.

The mobile network (3G/GPRS/GSM) covers the whole city. If you are coming from a non-GSM country (e.g. the United States) check your mobile phone for GSM compatibility. United States carrier Verizon, for example, will advertise phones that work on GSM networks as "World Devices." In general, however, any iPhone model from iPhone 6s onwards will support both CDMA and GSM, and will work perfectly in Berlin.

A free wireless network covers parts of Berlin, but requires special software on your computer. More information including maps of Berlin with coverage is available online.

Stay safe

Berlin might be a safe place, but it is a huge city, and as such has some not-so-well maintained areas. No specific rules apply with the exception of public transportation and tourist areas where pickpockets are a problem. Watch your bags during rush hours, at larger train stations (with the central, Warschauer, and Revaler stations being notoriously sketchy at night).

The police in Berlin are competent, not corrupt; therefore, if you try to bribe them you are likely to spend at least a night behind bars to check your background. They are generally helpful to tourists. Most of the officers are able to speak English, so don't hesitate to approach them if you are frightened or lost. Police are generally more relaxed than in more conservative places like Munich and do not necessarily engage in a "zero tolerance" policy (but even then blatantly smoking a joint in front of police will land you in trouble even in Berlin). In general police will focus on crime and traffic safety rather than petty misdemeanors or drunken tourists unless things get out of hand.

The nationwide emergency numbers are

• Medical emergencies and fires, ☏112. 
• Police emergency number, ☏110. 

Since the 1980s, there have been localised riots on Labour Day (May 1). In general they take place in Kreuzberg around Oranienstraße/Mariannenplatz. Nowadays they usually start the night before May 1, especially in the Mauerpark (Prenzlauer Berg), at Boxhagener Platz and in Rigaer Str. (Friedrichshain) and start again in the evening of May 1 in Kreuzberg and in the mentioned areas. The violent riots have become rather small since 2005 due to the engagement of the citizens who celebrate the Labour Day with a nice "myfest" in Kreuzberg and well-planned police efforts. It is still better to stay out of these areas from 20:00 until sunrise. Vehicles should not be parked in these area as this is asking for damage!

Racially-motivated violence is rare but the risk is higher on the outskirts of East Berlin. It is recommended for non-white tourists to be attentive in areas such as Lichtenberg, Hellersdorf, Marzahn, Treptow and Köpenick in the evening/night especially if alone.

In the bordering neighbourhood of the districts Neukölln and Kreuzberg (between Hermannplatz, Schönleinstraße to Kottbusser Tor) and Wedding (Moabit and Gesundbrunnen) the risk of falling victim to robberies and assaults is higher. Tourists should visit these areas with some caution during the night as a mixture of drunken party people and poor neighbourhoods might lead to trouble.

National media and conservative politicians like to make a huge story out of certain well known drug dealing hot spots. Areas such as Görlitzer Park are well known for all sorts of illicit substances being on offer, but if you don't sell or buy this shouldn't preoccupy you. Despite media portrayals to the contrary, police do frequently raid those places and try to catch drug dealers, but only a small handful are usually caught as they have developed certain measures to evade capture. Organized criminality does exist, but in general they try to focus on less violent activity in Germany and hardly ever target outsiders.

Although harmless, panhandlers have started to beg at local tourist spots such as Pariser Platz next to the Brandenburg Gate, Alexanderplatz and the Museuminsel. They are usually women accompanied by their daughters who ask if you speak English and say that they are from the new EU countries and trying to raise money to fly home. The story is false, so don't give them money, which would encourage further exploitation of the women and their kids. They also have a new tactic where they hand you a card telling their "story" and asking for money; beware that the children that they carry in their arms will search through your bags while you are reading the card. The best way to avoid this is simply to ignore them and not to respond when they ask you "Speak English?" If you feel scared, don't hesitate to contact the police, as they will help.

Prostitution

Prostitution is a legal business in Germaniya. Berlin has no major red-light district though some big brothels have been built. Berlin has no restricted areas for prostitutes (called a "Sperrbezirk" in German) so the "apartments" or brothels are spread throughout the whole city. Oranienburger Straße in Mitte is infamous for its prostitutes at night. These women are a tourist attraction and the ladies focus only on tourists to request exorbitant prices.

The proximity to Eastern Europe, relaxed visa rules, and the illegal migrant community increases the number of prostitutes. Advertisements are in the tabloids and online. Human trafficking and illegal immigration is a problem; therefore, police raids do take place and close down illegal operations. Brothels and prostitutes must register just like any other businesses, or they will be prosecuted for tax evasion. In general, police officers are not interested in the clients (especially if you stay calm and don't try to argue) but you must have a photo ID (a photocopy of your passport is fine) with you. Otherwise, you might spend a night at the police station while your background gets checked.

Stay healthy

Berlin is home to Charité, perhaps one of the world's most famous hospitals, former workplace of medicine legends like Robert Koch, Rudolf Virchow, Emil von Behring or Emil Fischer and current place of employment of Christian Drosten, a world renowned expert on Coronaviruses.

Engish

Libraries

Berlin has a large number of public libraries throughout the city. One of the largest is the Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek (America Memorial Library) on Blücherplatz 1.

Embassies

Keyingisi

Berlindan bo'lgan ba'zi odamlar sizdan nega ketishni xohlashingizni so'rashadi, ammo yaqin atrofda bir nechta yaxshi joylar bor, ba'zilari hatto Berlin S-Bahn yaqinida. Shahar atrofidagi ingichka halqa tashqarisida (aksariyat Evropa metropollari bilan taqqoslaganda) Brandenburg asosan qishloq bo'lib, qisqa yurish sizni go'zal tabiatga olib boradi. Berlinliklar bu hududni "JWD" deb atashadi (talaffuzi) yott vay day), "janz weit draußen" qisqartmasi, ya'ni "orqada orqada". Brandenburg va Berlin mintaqaviy rejalashtirishning ko'p jabhalarida hamkorlik qilishadi va ikkala tomonning chegarasini aniqlash har doim ham oson emas. Ushbu hamkorlikning bir qismi (nazariy jihatdan) Berlin tomon yo'nalgan temir yo'l liniyalarining "yulduzcha" tarmog'i bo'ylab rivojlantirishga qaratilgan rejadir.

Avtomobil yo'li Raststätte Grunewald S-Bahn stantsiyasida Nikolassei janubga yoki g'arbga qarab boradigan bo'lsangiz, avtoulov uchun yaxshi joy.

• Potsdam (35 km) - Berlinning janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Brandenburg federal davlatining poytaxti va mukammal kunlik sayohatni amalga oshiradi. Ayniqsa, buyuk taniqli saroylari bilan dunyo merosi bo'lgan Sanssouci parki diqqatga sazovor. Siz stantsiyaga S-Bahn S7 yoki Regional-Express RE1 bilan borishingiz mumkin Potsdam Hauptbahnhof yoki Park Sanssouci (tariflar zonasi C). Berlin Hauptbahnhof yoki Friedrichstraße'dan taxminan yarim soat davom etadi.
• Oranienburg (35 km) - qoldiqlari joylashgan tinch shahar atrofi KZ Zaxsenhausen, Germaniya tuprog'ida saqlanib qolgan natsistlar kontslagerlaridan biri. Oranienburg markazida kichik bir saroy ham bor. RE poezdida yarim soat.
• Spreewald (taxminan 85 km) - himoyalangan YuNESKO biosfera qo'riqxonasi. Unga Spree daryosi o'tloqlar va o'rmonlar orqali minglab kichik suv yo'llari bo'ylab o'tadigan pasttekisliklarni o'z ichiga oladi. Bu Berlinning janubidan bir soatcha janubda joylashgan go'zal, noyob landshaft va shovqinli shahar hayotidan dam olish uchun bir kunlik yoki hafta oxiri sayohat qilishga arziydi.
• Frankfurt an der Oder (100 km) - Polsha chegarasida, ko'plab xalqaro talabalar bilan, borish oson. RE poezdida bir soatdan ko'proq vaqt (yarim soatlik xizmat).
• Lyuterstadt Vittenberg (110 km) - ICE tomonidan Berlindan janubi-sharqda taxminan 40 daqiqa. Shlosskirxe bu cherkov edi, u erda Martin Lyuter tezislarini cherkov eshigiga mixlagan Protestant islohoti. Ko'chaning narigi tomonida ajoyib ma'lumotlarga ega mehmonlar markazi joylashgan. Sayohat qilish uchun ajoyib shahar va uni piyoda osongina o'rganish mumkin.
• Myurits ko'li mintaqasi (Meklenburgischa Seenplatte; v. 145 km) - shimolda bir necha yuz ko'llar bo'lgan milliy park. Tabiatga yaqin lager va kanoeda sayohat qilish uchun juda yaxshi.
• Leypsig (190 km) - Sharqiy Germaniyaning ijodiy madaniy sahnasi bilan tanilgan, ba'zida o'zini "Nyu-Berlin" deb nomlagan, ammo poytaxtga qaraganda ancha kichikroq va erkinroq bo'lgan eng jonli va tezkor shahar; Janubga poezdda 1:15 soat.
• Drezden (190 km) - barokko saroylari, cherkovlari va qimmatbaho san'at xazinalari bo'lgan Saksoniyaning sobiq qirollik poytaxti; janubga poezdda yoki mashinada ikki soat. Drezden-Berlin yo'nalishidagi kuchli raqobat degani avtobus chiptasi (2,5 dan 3 soatgacha) besh evroga olish mumkin.
• Chiroyli Boltiq bo'yidagi dengiz qirg'og'i (masalan, Usedom, Stralsund va Rügen) bir kun yoki dam olish kunlari mashinada (2,5 dan 3 soatgacha) yoki poezdda (Stralsundgacha uch soatga yaqin; Usedomga 3-3: 45 soat) sayohat qilish uchun etarlicha yaqin.
• Gamburg (290 km) - Germaniyaning ikkinchi eng katta shahri, ICEga 2 soatdan kam masofada joylashgan; IRE biroz ko'proq vaqtni oladi (3 soat), lekin 19,90 evrolik maxsus taklifni (har doim ham mavjud) engish qiyin va u baribir avtobusga qaraganda tezroq.
• Lusatian ko'l tumani va Markaziy Germaniya ko'llar tumani Boltiq bo'yi shimolda bo'lgan janubga qadar - sobiq ko'mir ko'mirlari sun'iy ko'llarga aylangan

The Polsha chegara Berlin sharqidan atigi 90 km uzoqlikda, shuning uchun sayohat qilish qiziq bo'lishi mumkin:

• Shetsin (Stettin; 150 km) - poezdda taxminan ikki yarim soat.
• Poznań (Posen; 270 km) - uch soat poyezdda.

Gamburg ←	Gamburg  Myunxen	→ Lyuterstadt Vittenberg → Leypsig
Erfurt ← Halle ←	Frankfurt  Berlin	→ OXIRI
Gannover ← Volfsburg ←	Kyoln  Berlin	→ OXIRI