Amsterdam - Amsterdam

Xuddi shu nomdagi boshqa joylar uchun qarang Amsterdam (ajralish).

Amsterdam bir nechta shahar bo'lgan ulkan shahar tuman ma'lum joylar, restoranlar va turar joylar haqida ma'lumotni o'z ichiga olgan maqolalar.

Amsterdam bo'ladi Gollandiya850 mingdan ortiq aholisi bo'lgan kapital va moliyaviy, madaniy va ijodiy markaz. Amsterdam shaharni kesib o'tgan kanallar, o'zining ajoyib me'morchiligi va 1500 dan ortiq ko'priklari bilan mashhur. Shahar 17-asrda Gollandiyaning Oltin asridan boshlangan merosga ega, shuningdek, turli xil san'at sahnalari va tungi hayot bilan band.

Tumanlar

0 ° 0′0 ″ N 0 ° 0′0 ″ E

Amsterdam xaritasi

Tushuning

12-asrning oxirida kichik baliqchilar qishlog'i sifatida joylashtirilgan Amsterdam 17-asr Gollandiyaning Oltin asrida dunyodagi eng muhim savdo markazlaridan biriga aylandi. Jordaan va Kanal okrugi qurilishi bilan shaharning o'rta asrlarning kichik markazi tez sur'atlar bilan kengayib bordi; ikkinchisining madaniy ahamiyati a ga aylanganda tan olindi YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati 19 va 20-asrlarda shahar har tomonlama kengayib, ko'plab yangi mahalla va shahar atrofi modernistik uslubda yaratilgan.

Amsterdam - bu hukumatning o'rni emas Gaaga. Qisman shu sababli, shahar o'zining kattaligi boshqa poytaxtlardan farqli o'laroq norasmiy muhitga ega. Aslida Amsterdamda konformizm, bag'rikenglik va progressivizm tarixi mavjud. Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh muzeyi, Anne Frank uyi, Magere Brug, Albert Kyp bozori va Vondelpark kabi diqqatga sazovor joylar.

Yo'nalish

Keizersgracht va Reguliersgracht burchagi

Ko'pchilik tashrif buyuradigan "Amsterdam" bu shahar markazi, uning tepasida Centraal Station joylashgan yarim doira. Bu shaharga 1850 yilga to'g'ri keladi. Binnenstadning beshta yirik kontsentrik kanallari: Singel, Herengracht, Keizersgracht, Prinsengracht va Singelgracht birgalikda Kanal okrugini tashkil qiladi. Shahar markazining boshqa tumanlari - bu hozirgi kunda itlar bilan mashhur bo'lgan sobiq ishchilar sinfi Jordaan va botanika bog'lari va hayvonot bog'i bo'lgan bargli va keng maydon Plantage. Nassaukade, Stadhouderskade va Mauritskade shahar markazini o'rab oladi va shaharning sobiq xandaqi va istehkomlari joylashgan joyni belgilaydi. Ushbu chiziqdan tashqarida deyarli hamma narsa 1870 yildan keyin qurilgan.

Yarim doira IJ ning janubiy tomonida joylashgan bo'lib, u ko'pincha daryo deb ataladi, ammo aniqrog'i daryo bo'yi hisoblanadi. Centraal stantsiyasidan sharqqa qarab, temir yo'l qayta qurilgan Sharqiy Docklands sun'iy orollaridan o'tadi. IJning shimolida asosan uy-joy mavjud, garchi u erda ham docklandni qayta qurish boshlandi.

Amstel daryosi shaharga janubdan oqib keladi. Dastlab u Rokin-Damrak chizig'i bo'ylab oqardi. Shahar nomini beradigan Amsteldagi to'g'on Dam maydoniga yaqin joylashgan hozirgi Bijenkorf univermagining ostida joylashgan. Dastlabki manzil Amstelning o'ng qirg'og'ida, hozirgi Warmoesstraat-da joylashgan edi: shuning uchun bu shaharning eng qadimgi ko'chasi. Shahar A10 halqa avtomobil yo'lining shimoli-sharqidan tashqari barcha yo'nalishlarda kengaygan. Ushbu hudud - bu Vaterland mintaqasining bir qismi hisoblangan ochiq maydonlarning va kichik qishloqlarning himoyalangan qishloq manzarasi.

Yarim doira radiusi taxminan 2 km. Barcha yirik sayyohlik yo'nalishlari va aksariyat mehmonxonalar uning ichida yoki tashqarisida joylashgan. Natijada, Amsterdamning katta maydoniga o'rtacha sayyoh tashrif buyurmaydi: aholining kamida 90 foizi ushbu hududdan tashqarida yashaydi. Amsterdamdagi iqtisodiy faoliyatning aksariyati - moliya sektori idoralari, port - markazdan 4-5 km uzoqlikda joylashgan halqa avtomobil yo'lining yaqinida yoki tashqarisida.

Amsterdamni halqa magistralidan tashqariga kengaytirish va shahar markazidan tashqaridagi faoliyatni kengaytirish mahalliy aholining Amsterdamning "markaziy maydoni" deb hisoblagan narsalarini qayta belgilaydi. Zuid, ayniqsa, Noord / Zuidlijn va Zuidas qurilishi bilan mahalliy aholining kundalik hayotida tobora muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Uning sayyohlar uchun ahamiyati Muzeyplen va unga tutash muzeylarda amalga oshirilgan rekonstruksiya ishlari ortdi.

Tarix

Begijnhof

Amsterdam birinchi marta deb nomlangan Aemstelledamme ("Amstel to'g'oni") 1204 yilda va nomi bilan tanilgan Aemsterdam 1327 yilgacha. Bu Utrextning birinchi qismi edi va 1300 yil atrofida Utrext episkopi Gvayd van Heneguven Amsterdamga shahar huquqlarini berdi. O'limidan so'ng, shahar graf Uilyam III tomonidan meros bo'lib o'tdi va Gollandiyaning bir qismiga aylandi. 1421 va 1452 yillarda ikkita yong'in shaharni qamrab oldi va shu davrdan bir nechta yog'och binolar saqlanib qoldi. E'tiborga loyiq istisno Houten Huis (Yog'och uy) Begijnhofda.

1558 yilda gollandlar ispanlarga qarshi isyon ko'tarishni boshladilar, chunki mahalliy dvoryanlar ko'proq siyosiy hokimiyat va diniy erkinlikni talab qildilar. Amsterdam ispanlarni qo'llab-quvvatladi, ammo tobora yakkalanib, savdo-sotiq shunga yarasha zarar ko'rgani sayin, 1578 yilda o'zaro munosabatlarni o'zgartirib yubordi. Yangi tashkil etilgan Gollandiya Respublikasida nisbatan din erkinligi paydo bo'ldi va ko'plab muhojirlar Amsterdamga boshpana topdilar, shu qatorda Iberiyadagi yahudiylar. Yarim orol, Antverpendagi savdogarlar va Gugenotlar (Frantsuz protestantlari). Katoliklik ochiq amaliyotga tatbiq etilishi mumkin emas edi.

Amsterdam 17-asrda gullab-yashnagan va dunyoning eng buyuk shaharlaridan biriga aylangan. Jahon savdo tarmog'i va chet eldagi narsalar Amsterdamni Evropaning dengiz tashish markazi va dunyodagi etakchi moliya markaziga aylantirdi. Rembrandt singari buyuk rassomlar shu kundan boshlab keng e'tirof etilgan asarlarni yaratib, san'at ham rivojlandi. Shahar o'zining dastlabki chegaralaridan tashqarida kengayib bordi, chunki Kanal kamari boy savdogarlar uchun va Jordaan ishchilar sinfi uchun qurilgan edi. Immigrantlar aholining aksariyat qismini tashkil qilgan va lyuteran protestant nemislarining kuchli ko'chishi bo'lgan.

Gollandiya Respublikasi unitar davlat emas, balki mustaqil provinsiyalar va yirik shaharlar siyosiy avtonom bo'lgan konfederatsiya edi. Gaagadagi kuch bazasi bilan to'q sariq guruh va Amsterdamning eng ochiq vakili bo'lgan respublikachilar fraktsiyasi o'rtasida shaharni armiya qamrab olganiga qadar kuchli adovat mavjud edi. "Orange" fraktsiyasi "Stadtholders" sifatida Orange knyazlariga tegishli bo'lgan irsiy siyosiy etakchilik g'oyasini, respublika fraksiyasi esa fuqarolik mustaqilligini qo'llab-quvvatladi. Ushbu uzoq yillik respublikachilik madaniyati va Gaagadagi siyosiy elitalarga qarshi nomuvofiqlik bugungi kungacha mavjud.

Qirollik saroyi

18-19 asrlar Amsterdam uchun notinch davr edi. Iqtisodiyot mustamlakalar bilan savdo imkoniyatlarining pasayishi va Buyuk Britaniya va Frantsiya bilan davom etayotgan urushlardan aziyat chekdi. Napoleonning ukasi Lui 1806 yilda Gollandiyaning qiroli sifatida taxtga o'tirdi va shu paytdan boshlab Qirollik saroyi deb nomlangan Dam maydonidagi shahar hokimiyatiga egalik qildi. Niderlandiya 1810 yilda Frantsiya tomonidan to'liq qo'shib olindi va Napoleon Amsterdamga Frantsiya imperiyasining "uchinchi shahri" sifatida toj kiydi. Prussiya va Rossiya qo'shinlari Niderlandiyani ozod qildilar, ammo u unitar davlat va monarxiya bo'lib qoldi, endi Belgiyani o'z ichiga oldi.

Gaaga vazifasini bajargan paytda amalda respublikaning poytaxti Amsterdam (Bryussel bilan birga) Qirollikning yangi poytaxtiga aylandi. Amsterdamning yangi poytaxt etib tayinlanishi apelsin fraktsiyasining shaharga nisbatan murosali ishorasi va yangi Shohlikning kuchli fuqarolik va respublika asoslarini tan olish edi. Gaaga hukumat qarorgohi va mamlakatning siyosiy markazi bo'lib qoldi. 1830 yilda Belgiya ajralib chiqqanida, Amsterdam yagona poytaxtga aylandi va mamlakatning xorijdagi mollari bilan savdo qilish huquqiga ega bo'ldi.

Shimoliy dengiz kanali va Noordhollandsch Kanaal Amsterdam portini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Reyn va Shimoliy dengiz bilan bog'lab turdi. Sanoat inqilobi 1860 yillarga kelib yuz berdi, bu esa kuchli iqtisodiy o'sishga olib keldi, shuningdek, aholi sonining ko'payishiga olib keldi, chunki shahar kutilmaganda demografik keskin ko'tarilishga dosh berolmadi. Jordaan bu davrda taniqli ishchilar sinfi edi va De Pijp kabi mahalla pastki o'rta sinf uchun imkon qadar arzon va tez uy-joy bilan ta'minlash uchun qurilgan edi. Ushbu davrda yuzaga kelgan ijtimoiy muammolar Amsterdamni mamlakatdagi sotsial demokratiyaning markaziga aylantirdi.

Ikkinchi jahon urushida nemis qo'shinlari shaharni egallab olishdi va 100 mingdan ortiq yahudiylar o'lim lagerlariga surgun qilindi, eng mashxur Anne Anne. Olmos savdosi, urushgacha Amsterdamning eng yaxshi tarmoqlaridan biri deyarli butunlay yo'q bo'lib ketdi, chunki bu korxonalar asosan yahudiylar qo'lida edi. 1960-70 yillardagi madaniy inqilob Amsterdamni tubdan o'zgartirdi. Yumshoq giyohvand moddalarga toqat qilindilar, cho'ktirish odatiy holga aylandi va har kuni politsiya bilan tartibsizliklar yuz berdi. Qirolicha Beatrixning toj kiyimi 1980 yilda zo'ravonlikka aylandi, chunki namoyishchilar Amsterdamning birinchi metro liniyasini qurish uchun uy-joy buzilishini to'xtatishni talab qilishdi.

Keyingi o'n yilliklarda Amsterdam o'zining inqilobiy jozibasini yo'qotdi va boy yuppilar markaziga aylandi. Bir paytlar Jordaan singari qashshoq tumanlar yuqori sinflarga aylanib, kambag'al aholi markazdan tashqi tumanlarga va boshqa shaharlarga ko'chib ketishgan. Shaharning ilgari taraqqiyparvarlik g'oyalari yo'q bo'lib ketdi, chunki cho'ktirishga qarshi kurash olib borilmoqda, qahvaxonalar tobora ko'proq yopilmoqda va fohishabozlik Red Light District tashqarisida. Biroq, bu xalqaro standartlarga ko'ra hali ham ilg'or va bag'rikeng shahar. Uning respublikachilik va nomuvofiqlik madaniyati og'ir davrlarni ham boshdan kechirmoqda, ammo hamma joyda tarqalgan "Amsterdam respublikasi" ko'cha belgilaridan ko'rinib turibdiki, bu shaharning o'ziga xos xususiyati bo'lib qolmoqda.

Iqlim

Amsterdam - bu yirik shahar va sayyohlarning asosiy yo'nalishi, shuning uchun siz unga butun yil davomida tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin. Biroq, qishda kunlar qisqa (Rojdestvo atrofida 8 soat kunduzi) va ob-havo shahar atrofida bemalol yurish uchun juda sovuq bo'lishi mumkin. Yanvar va fevral oylari eng sovuq oylar, eng past harorat 0 ° C (32 ° F) atrofida va 5 ° C (41 ° F) atrofida. Iyul va avgust kunlari eng iliq oylar, kunduzi o'rtacha harorat 22 ° C (72 ° F).

Yozda ham, qish ham doimiy ravishda aytib o'tilgan qadriyatlarga ega emas. Yozda issiqlik to'lqinlari (30 ° C / 86 ° F dan yuqori 3 kun) tez-tez uchraydi, shuningdek 18 ° C (64 ° F) harorat va yog'ingarchilik. Qor har qishda bir necha marta bo'ladi, lekin ko'pincha engil va kamdan-kam hollarda erga bir necha kundan ko'proq qoladi. Har doim yomg'irga tayyor bo'ling. O'rtacha har ikki kunda bir yomg'ir yog'adi, ammo qish paytida tashrif buyurgan bo'lsangiz, safaringizning butun haftasi yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin. Amsterdamni ko'pincha kulrang bulutlar qoplaydi, ammo bahor va yoz oylarida quyosh kuniga o'rtacha olti-sakkiz soatgacha porlaydi.

Qirol kuni (Koningsdag) har doim 27 aprelda nishonlanadi, agar bu sana yakshanba kuniga to'g'ri kelmasa (u oldin shanba kuni nishonlanadi). Qirol kunidagi ob-havo odatda juda yaxshi, harorat 17 ° C atrofida (63 ° F). Agar yomg'ir yog'sa, ko'chada odamlar ancha kamroq bo'ladi.

Turistik ma'lumotlar

• 52.377514.9003641 Men Amsterdamga tashrif buyuruvchilar markaziman (VVV Amsterdam), Stationsplein 10 (Koffiehuis Stationsplein, Markaziy stantsiya qarshisida), ☏ 31 20 702-6000. Har kuni 09: 00-18: 00. Amsterdamning sayyohlik idorasi, Smits Koffiehuis bilan bir binoda joylashgan Centraal Stantsiyasining qarshisida. Xaritalar, broshyuralar va bronlardan tashqari siz GVB ofisida tramvay va metro chiptalarini ham sotib olishingiz mumkin. Amsterdamga tashrif buyurish haqida umumiy ma'lumotga ega bo'lgan ba'zi sensorli ekranlar mavjud. (yangilangan iyun 2016)
• Men amsterdam shahar kartasiman. Ushbu karta shahar muzeylari va diqqatga sazovor joylarini tanlashga ruxsat beradi qo'shimcha xarajatlar yo'q, shuningdek, jamoat transportida shahar bo'ylab cheksiz sayohat, shuningdek, boshqa ba'zi diqqatga sazovor joylarga chegirmalar ro'yxati. 24 soat - €60, 48 soat - €80, 72 soat - €95, 96 soat - €115. (yangilangan avgust 2019)

Chiqinglar

Samolyotda

Asosiy maqola: Schiphol aeroporti

52.30814.7641691 Amsterdam aeroporti Sxipol (AMS ^IATA) (Shahardan 15 km (9,3 milya) janubi-g'arbda.). Ushbu aeroport 2016 yilda 63 million yo'lovchiga xizmat ko'rsatadigan Evropada yo'lovchilar tashish bo'yicha eng gavjum beshlik qatoriga kiradi. KLM Schiphol-da ishlaydigan eng yirik aviakompaniya hisoblanadi va dunyoning ko'plab yirik shaharlariga parvozlarni taklif qiladi. British Airways Londonning 3 ta aeroportiga kuniga 15 ta reysni taklif qiladi; Xitrou, Getvik va London Siti. Transaviya, Vueling, TUIfly, Easyjetva boshqa arzon kompaniyalar Schipholga xizmat ko'rsatib, ko'plab shaharlarga xizmat ko'rsatishadi Evropa.  

Schipholdan boshqa aeroportlarga uchish arzonroq bo'lishi mumkin, chunki ba'zi byudjetli aviakompaniyalar o'z bazalariga ega Eyndxoven yoki Rotterdam. Amsterdamga avtobuslar va poezdlardan foydalanish mumkin, shuningdek, mashina ijaraga olish ham mumkin. Taksilar tavsiya etilmaydi, Rotterdamdan sayohat uchun xarajatlar €180 Eyndxovendan esa ulkan €300.

Kimdan Eyndxoven aeroporti (EIN ^IATA), mahalliy avtobusga chiqing (Hermes avtobusi 401, davomiyligi taxminan 25 daqiqa, chastotasi soatiga to'rt marta, €3.20 bortda yoki €1.71 yordamida OV-chipkaart) Eyndxoven temir yo'l stantsiyasiga. U erdan Amsterdam Centraalga poyezdda boring (davomiyligi 1 soat 20 min, chastotasi soatiga to'rt marta, bitta) €17.20). Shu bilan bir qatorda, tezyurar avtobus aeroportdan Amsterdam Centraalgacha, bu 2 soat 15 daqiqa davom etadi. Ushbu avtobus kuniga atigi 3-4 marta ketadi; jadval uchun ularning veb-saytiga qarang. Chipta narxi €25.50 bitta chipta uchun va €42.50 qaytish uchun.

Kimdan Rotterdam Gaaga aeroporti (RTM ^IATA), shahar avtobusiga o'ting (RET aeroporti avtobus 33, davomiyligi 25-30 daqiqa, chastotasi har 10-20 daqiqada, €2.50 bortda yoki €1.39 yordamida OV-chipkaart) Rotterdam Centraal temir yo'l stantsiyasiga. U erdan Amsterdam Centraalga poezdda boring (davomiyligi taxminan bir soat, chastotasi har 10-20 daqiqada, bitta) €13.40).

Poyezdda

Shuningdek qarang: Niderlandiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat

Amsterdam Centraal temir yo'l stantsiyasining jabhasi

Aksariyat poezdlar kelishadi va ketishadi 52.3788894.9005562 Amsterdam Centraal. Ushbu me'moriy jihatdan ajoyib stantsiya 1889 yilda O'rta asrlar markazi va IJ qirg'og'i orasidagi sun'iy orolda qurilgan.  

Amsterdamdagi boshqa muhim temir yo'l stantsiyalari - Amstel, Bijlmer-ArenA, Sloterdijk va Zuid. Barcha xalqaro poezdlar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Amsterdam Centraalga qatnaydilar.

• Nederlandse Sporwegen (NS) mamlakatning ko'p qismiga sayohat qilish uchun asosiy (mahalliy) poezd operatoridir. Uzoqroq joylarga boradigan poezdlar boshqa shahar yoki shaharchada poezdni almashtirishni talab qilishi mumkin va kamroq bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, ular Belgiya temir yo'li (Belgiya) va Deutsche Bahn (Germaniya) bilan hamkorlikda qo'shni mamlakatlarga xalqaro xizmatni taklif qilishadi. Pastga qarang:

• The InterCity Berlin har ikki soatda ishlaydi va Amsterdam bilan bog'laydi Osnabruk (3 soat 8 min), Gannover (4 soat 20 min), va Berlin (6 soat 22 min). Har bir poezdda BordBistro murabbiyi mavjud. Shuningdek, chiptalarni sotib olish mumkin Deutsche Bahn
• The Shaharlararo Bryussel Bryusseldan kuniga 16 martagacha (3 soat 18 min) va Antverpendan (2 soat 23 min) Talisga qaraganda past tezlikda ishlaydi. Odatda Thalys-dan arzonroq va Belgiyadan keladigan byudjetli sayohatchilar uchun yaxshi alternativ.

• ICE International Amsterdamni har kuni etti martagacha bog'laydi Dyusseldorf (2 soat 6 min), Kyoln (2 soat 20 min), va Frankfurt (3 soat 46 min). Bitta ICE-poezd harakatlanadi Bazel (6 soat 43 min). Har bir ICE poyezdida BordBistro murabbiyi mavjud. Shuningdek, chiptalarni sotib olish mumkin Deutsche Bahn (JB).
• Eurostar dan kuniga ikki marta (ertalab va kechqurun) yuqori tezlikda xizmat ko'rsatadi London Sent-Pankras xalqaro Amsterdam markaziga. Safar taxminan 3 soat 40 minutni tashkil etadi va narxlar bir tomonga 35 funtdan boshlanadi. Chunki Buyuk Britaniya a'zo emas Shengen shartnomasi, 2020 yil 25 oktyabrgacha qaytish safari a bilan amalga oshirilishi kerak Thalys Rotterdamdan poezdgacha Bryussel Zuid / Midi. Bu erda siz Londonga qaytib kelgan Eurostarni ushlamasdan oldin Buyuk Britaniyaning chegara nazorati orqali o'tasiz. Butun qaytish safari 4 soat 45 minut davom etadi. 2020 yil noyabrdan boshlab Amsterdam yoki Rotterdamda chegara nazorati orqali o'tish mumkin bo'ladi, bu esa sayohat vaqtini to'rt soatga qisqartiradi. Bryusseldan kelgan yo'lovchilar, shuningdek, Amsterdamga Eurostar sayohatlarini bron qilishlari mumkin. Chiptalar Eurostar veb-saytida sotiladi.
• Thalys - Amsterdamni bog'laydigan tezyurar poezd Parij Gare du Nord (3 soat 19 min), Bryussel Zuid / Midi (1 soat 54 min), va Antverpen markazi (1 soat 12 min). Thalys poezdlari kuniga o'n martagacha harakatlanadi. Eng arzon chiptalar erta sotiladi, iloji bo'lsa oldindan bron qiling. Bar murabbiyi mavjud; agar siz birinchi sinfda sayohat qilsangiz, gazak va ichimliklar narxiga qo'shiladi.

Agar siz Amsterdamga poezdda borishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, unda poezd vaqtini tekshirib ko'ring xalqaro sayohatni rejalashtiruvchi. Aksariyat chiptalar Internet orqali sotiladi va ko'pincha chiptalarni oldindan bron qilish arzonroq bo'ladi. Shuningdek, chiptalar Amsterdam Centraal va Schiphol aeroportidagi xalqaro chiptaxonalarda sotilmoqda.

Avtobusda

Kundalik o'nlab xalqaro avtobus qatnovlari mavjud, ularning aksariyati immigrantlar kelib chiqqan mamlakatlarga xizmat qiladi. Yaqin atrofdagi Germaniya, Belgiya va Frantsiyadagi (Parij va Lill) xalqaro yo'nalishlarga yuqori chastotada xizmat ko'rsatiladi.

• Evrolinlar, (avtobus bekati) Amsterdam-Duivendrecht. Xalqaro avtobus qatnovlarining eng yirik xalqaro mansubligi Eurolines bo'lib, u Duivendrecht temir yo'l stantsiyasida terminalga ega bo'lib, u poezdda va 50 va 54-metroslarda ulanadi. 
• Flixbus, (avtobus bekatlari) Amsterdam Sloterdijk, Amsterdam aeroporti, Amsterdam Bijlmer & Amsterdam-Duivendrecht. Germaniyaning ko'plab shaharlari bilan aloqalarni taklif qiluvchi Germaniyaning arzon avtobus kompaniyasi Berlin, Kyoln va Myunxen. Shuningdek, Gollandiyada ichki xizmatni taklif qiladi. Sloterdijk stantsiyasidan jo'nab ketish. 22-avtobus, poezdlar va 50-metro yo'llari orqali borish mumkin. Amsterdam Sloterdijk to'xtash joyi Sloterdijk stantsiyasining shimoliy tomonida joylashgan Piarcopleendagi avtobus platformalarida. Iltimos, bekatdagi "Piarcoplein" belgilariga rioya qiling. 
• OUIBUS / Bla Bla avtobusi, (avtobus bekatlari) Amsterdam Sloterdijk, Amsterdam aeroporti. Frantsiya temir yo'l kompaniyasining avtobuslar bilan ishlaydigan qo'li SNCF, o'rtasida murabbiylar xizmati ishlaydi Parij va Lill Amsterdamga. U Stadionpleinda to'xtaydi. Tramvay 16 va 24 uni Amsterdam Centraal va Amstelveenseweg metro stantsiyasi bilan bog'laydi. (yangilangan sentyabr 2016 yil)

Gollandiyada faqat bir nechta shaharlararo milliy avtobus qatnovlari mavjud va, ehtimol, Amsterdam Centraalga tegishli emas. Avtobus 300 ulanadi Haarlem Hoofddorp, Shiphol aeroporti, Amstelveen va Amsterdam Bijlmer-ArenA bilan temir yo'l stantsiyasi.

Mashinada

Niderlandiyaning g'arbiy qismida zich (va tirband) yo'l tarmog'i mavjud. Sharqdan (Germaniya), avtomagistraldan keladi A1 to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Amsterdamga olib boradi. Agar siz avtomobil yo'lida ketayotgan bo'lsangiz A12 Arnhemdan Utrextdagi shimoliy yo'nalishda A2 ga o'zgaring. Janubdan (Belgiya) shimoliy yo'nalishda A16, A27 va A2 avtomagistrallari bo'ylab harakatlaning. Gaagadan A4 Amsterdamga olib boradi. Amsterdamga boradigan barcha avtomagistrallar Ring avtomagistraliga ulanadi A10. Ushbu avtomagistraldan asosiy yo'llar radial ravishda Amsterdamga olib boradi (S101 dan S118 gacha bo'lgan yo'llar).

Ko'pgina hollarda, aylanma yo'l bilan o'ralgan hududga kirishdan saqlanishni xohlaysiz. Yo'l harakati zich va to'xtash joylari qimmat va ularni topish qiyin. Buning o'rniga, A10-da bo'lganingizda, belgilaridan biriga belgi qo'ying P R- dog'lar (sharqda P R Zeeburg, janubi-sharqda P R ArenA, janubda P R Olympisch Stadion, shimolda P R Noord va g'arbda P R Sloterdijk). Bu erda siz o'zingizning mashinangizni to'xtatib qo'yishingiz va jamoat transportida shahar markaziga bitta narx uchun borishingiz mumkin. Bir martalik stavka mavjud €8 5 kishiga qadar shahar markaziga jamoat transporti bilan kun. Yaqin atrofda metro yoki tramvay bekatlari bo'lgan bir necha joyda bepul to'xtashingiz mumkin (masalan, Bullewijk metro stantsiyasi yaqinidagi IKEA).

Gollandiyalik avtomobil yo'llarida tezlik chegarasi belgilangan vaqtdan tashqari kunduzi soatiga 100 km / soat, kechasi esa 130 km / soat. Amsterdam atrofidagi A10 halqa magistralida maksimal tezlik 100 km / soat, G'arbiy qismida esa 80 km / soat. Ushbu cheklovlar qat'iyan bajarilgan va ko'plab tezlik kameralari mavjud.

Qayiqda

The Amsterdam yo'lovchi terminali shahar markaziga yaqin, ammo faqat kruiz kemalari uchun ishlatiladi. Eng yaqin parom porti IJmuiden, Nyukasldan Taynga paromlar to'xtab turish joyi. DFDS dengiz yo'llari Buyuk Britaniyaning Nyukasl apon Taynidan (aniqrog'i, Shimoliy Shilds) har kuni kechasi parom xizmatlarini taklif etadi.

Boshqa parom xizmatlari Rotterdam Europoort (Xulldan parom) va Gollandiyaning Hook (Harvichdan parom) shaharlarida joylashgan. Bu Amsterdamdan taxminan 100 km uzoqlikda. Hook of Holland temir yo'l stantsiyasiga ega, ammo 2018 yil boshidan boshlab xizmat ishlamayapti. Parom terminalidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Schiedam Centrumga yoki mahalliy Rotterdam Centraalga avtobusda boring va u erdan Amsterdamga poezdga o'ting.

Atrofga boring

Amsterdamning shahar markazi juda ixcham va juda tekis, shuning uchun siz ko'plab sayyohlik yo'nalishlariga bemalol borishingiz mumkin oyoqda. Amsterdam Centraal-dan shahar markazidagi aksariyat hududlarga yarim soat ichida erishish mumkin.

Shahar ichidagi jamoat transporti tomonidan boshqariladi GVB. Tramvay jamoat transportining asosiy shakli bo'lib, u erda metro va o'nlab avtobus va tungi avtobus yo'nalishlari mavjud. Mintaqaviy avtobuslar va shahar atrofidagi ba'zi avtobuslar tomonidan boshqariladi Konneksion va EBS.

Chiptalar

Butun mamlakatdagi kabi, OV-chipkaart shaharda transport to'lovlarini to'lashning yagona usulini ta'minlaydi. OV-chipkaart bilan sayohat qilish uchun sayohat boshida ro'yxatdan o'tish va oxirida kartani o'quvchi oldida ushlab turish kerak.

Uch turi OV-chipkaart mavjud:

• Shaxsiy karta unga haftalik, oylik yoki yillik obunalarni yuklashingiz mumkin
• Anonim karta jamoat transportida sarflanishi mumkin bo'lgan pulni yuklashingiz mumkin
• Bir martalik karta cheklangan vaqt davomida (bir soat yoki bir necha kun) ishlatilishi mumkin

Dastlabki ikki turdagi kartalar hech qanday kredit va narxni o'z ichiga olmaydi €7.50. Shaharda sayohat qilish uchun siz hech bo'lmaganda bunday kartani to'ldirishingiz kerak €4 sayohat boshlanishidan oldin. A bir martalik karta, aksincha, allaqachon mavjud mahsulot u bilan birga to'plangan, ammo ushbu mahsulot muddati tugagandan so'ng uni qayta ishlatish mumkin emas.

Anonim va bir martalik OV-chipkaartlar barcha metro stantsiyalaridagi GVB savdo avtomatlaridan, ba'zi katta stantsiyalardagi stollardan (shu jumladan Amsterdam Centraal) va ba'zi do'konlardan olish mumkin. Bundan tashqari, bir martalik kartalarni tramvay yoki avtobusda sotib olish mumkin, lekin ularni sotib olish uchun faqat PIN-kod (debet va kredit) kartalari qabul qilinadi. Haydovchidan yoki konduktordan bir martalik kartalarni sotib olgandan so'ng, siz ushbu kartada ro'yxatdan o'tishingiz va tekshirishingiz kerak.

Amsterdamda uzoq vaqt qoladiganlar uchun ulardan biri kun yoki bir necha kunlik o'tish foydali variant bo'lishi mumkin. Siz ularni 24 soatdan 168 soatgacha olishingiz mumkin. Bu egaga passning amal qilish muddati davomida tramvay, metro va avtobusda cheksiz ko'p sayohat qilish imkoniyatini beradi. Sayohat chiptalari noma'lum kartalarga yuklanishi mumkin, ammo bunday kartalardagi mavjud kredit kartani sotib olish uchun qo'llanilishi mumkin emas. Ushbu o'tishlar Connexxion va Arriva tomonidan boshqariladigan avtobuslarda haqiqiy emas. Ushbu chiptalarni sayyohlik ofislarida (Shiphol aeroportida va Amsterdam Centraal tashqarisida), AKO kitob do'konlarida, ko'plab mehmonxonalarda va GVB chiptaxonalarida sotib olish mumkin. Bundan tashqari, konduktordan tramvayda bir kunlik yo'llanmani sotib olish mumkin (lekin avtobusda emas).

• GVB kartalari. Ko'p kunlik kartalar kunlarning tegishli davrida mavjud bo'lgan aniq soat uchun amal qiladi. 1 soat €3.20, 1 kun (24 soat) €8.00, bola 1 kun €4.00, 2 kun €13.50, 3 kun €19.00, 4 kun €24.50, 5 kun €29.50, 6 kun €34.00, 7 kun €37.00. (yangilangan oktyabr 2020)

Agar siz Amsterdamda uzoqroq tursangiz, aksariyat pochta bo'limlaridan yoki arzonroq bo'lgan boshqa chiptalarni sotish punktlaridan haftalik yoki oylik chegirmali chiptalarni sotib olishingiz mumkin. GVB chiptalari Sifol aeroportiga boradigan poezdlarda yoki Connexxion avtobusida 197-avtobusda amal qilmaydi. Siz ularni 69-GVB avtobusida Shipxolga ishlatishingiz mumkin, ammo u erga poezdda etib borish tezroq.

Shu bilan bir qatorda, siz quyidagilarni sotib olishingiz mumkin:

• Amsterdamga sayohat chiptasi. Unda Sxipolga poezdga (Amsterdamning har qanday stantsiyasiga) va 397-avtobusga qaytish chiptasi, shuningdek, barcha GVB tramvaylari, metro va (tungi) avtobuslarda 1, 2 yoki 3 kun davomida cheksiz sayohat. Ushbu chiptalar kalendar kunlarga asoslangan bo'lib, amal qilish muddati oxirgi kundan keyin ertalab soat 0400 da tugaydi. €17 (1 kun), €22.50 (2 kun) va €28 (3 kun). (yangilangan oktyabr 2020)

Yoki

• Men amsterdam shahar kartasiman muzey yozuvlarini birlashtirgan yaxshi variant.

Yoki hatto

• Amsterdam va mintaqaga sayohat chiptasi. Umuman olganda cheksiz sayohat qilish imkoniyatini beruvchi 1, 2 yoki 3 kunlik o'tish kattaroq Amsterdam maydoni. Ushbu chiptalar kalendar kunlarga asoslangan bo'lib, amal qilish muddati oxirgi kundan keyin ertalab soat 04:00 da tugaydi. Jamoat transporti transport vositasiga kirganingizda yoki chiqayotganingizda siz ro'yxatdan o'tishingiz va chiqishingiz kerak. Kartaga kiritilgan joylar orasida Zandvoort, Edam, Aalsmeer, Keukenhof bog'lari, Volendam va Zaanse Shans. Ushbu chiptalarni sotib olish mumkin Men Amsterdamga tashrif buyuruvchilar markaziman, GVB, EBS, Connexxion xizmat ko'rsatish markazlarida va boshqa ba'zi joylarda mehmonxonalar, lagerlar va hk. €19.50 (1 kun), €28.00 (2 kun), €36.50 (3 kun). (yangilangan oktyabr 2020)

Metro orqali

Amsterdam metro xaritasi

Beshtasi bor metro Amsterdamdagi chiziqlar, shu jumladan shahar markazidagi qisqa metropoliten, shahar atrofiga xizmat qiladi. Centraal Stantsiyasidan Zuidost yoki Zuidoostdagi Bijlmer-ArenA ga 15-20 daqiqa davom etadi.

5-metro liniyasi - Noord / Zuidlijn (Shimoliy / Janubiy yo'nalish) nihoyat 2018 yil 21-iyulda ochildi. Bu Amsterdam shimolini shaharning janubi bilan shaharning markazidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'laydigan yer osti metro liniyasi, shu sababli shunday nomlangan .

Tramvay orqali

Amsterdam tramvay va metro tizimi

Tramvay tarmog'i 14 ta yo'nalishga ega va u shaharning markaziy qismida asosiy transport vositasi hisoblanadi. Amsterdam Centraal - tramvay tizimining eng yirik markazidir, u erda 8 ta tramvay yo'nalishi tugaydi. 52.3634944.8815953 Leidseplein 6 ta tramvay yo'nalishi o'tgan keyingi eng yirik markaz. 5 va 25-sonli tramvay liniyalari qo'shni munitsipalitetga xizmat qiladi Amstelvin, va tramvay liniyasi 19 qo'shni munitsipalitetga xizmat qiladi Diemen. Ko'pgina metro stantsiyalari yaqin atrofdagi tramvay liniyalari bilan aloqani ta'minlaydi.

Tramvayning barcha to'xtash joylarida tizim va uning atrofidagi atrof-muhit xaritasi mavjud. GVB chiptaxonasida (Amsterdam Centraal tashqarisida) bepul jamoat transporti xaritasini ham olishingiz mumkin.

Bugungi kunda tramvaylarning aksariyati tramvayning orqa tomonida konduktorlarga ega. Haydovchining yoki konduktorning bortida. Agar sizda savollaringiz bo'lsa, dirijyor sizning so'rovingizga javob berishi aniq. 1 soatlik, 24 soatlik va 48 soatlik chiptalarni konduktorlardan sotib olishingiz mumkin.

Avtobusda

Tramvay va metro kabi, mahalliy avtobuslar ham GVB tomonidan boshqariladi. Haarlem va Uithoorn kabi yaqin shaharlarga shahar atrofidagi avtobuslar ham bor; ular Connexxion yoki EBS tomonidan boshqariladi (kompaniya nomi va uy uslubi avtobus tomonida taniqli) va Amsterdamda foydalanish mumkin. OV-chipkaart. Avtobuslarga faqat kirish eshigi orqali kiring.

Qayiqda

Bir nechtasi bor parom shahar markazi va Nord o'rtasida IJ daryosi bo'ylab xizmatlar, eng tez-tez har 7 daqiqada ishlaydi. Ularning barchasi Amsterdam Centraalning shimoliy (orqa) tomonidagi yangi suv havzasidan chiqib ketishadi. Barcha paromlar bepul va port va manzara manzarasini taqdim etadi.

Eng yoqimtoyi - bu yaxshi kafe-bar (IJkantine), restoran (Noorderlicht), yopiq skeytbord parki va Pancake Boat (NDSM-werf) ga 15 minutlik xizmat.Pannenkoekenboot) har hafta ko'p marta suzib yuradi. Feribotlar har 30 daqiqada Amsterdam Centraal va NDSM-werfdan jo'nab ketishadi. Shoshilinch soatlarda ikki marta chastotalar.

Bundan tashqari, Buiksloterwegga boradigan feribotda sakrab o'tishingiz mumkin, so'ngra EYE Film Institutiga arxitekturasi va podvaldagi bepul ko'rgazmasi uchun qisqa yurishingiz mumkin.

Velosipedda

Ko'p erni qoplashning yoqimli usuli - bu ijaraga olish velosiped. Amsterdamda taxminan 750,000 kishi yashaydi va ularning 800,000 ga yaqin velosipedlari bor. Shahar velosipedga juda mos keladi va aksariyat yirik ko'chalarda alohida velosiped yo'llari mavjud. Shahar markazida esa ko'pincha velosiped yo'lagi uchun joy etishmaydi, shuning uchun mashinalar va velosipedchilar tor ko'chalarda bo'lishadi.

Velosipedchilar odatdagi Amsterdammerning velosiped harakatlarini kuzatayotganda shunday ko'rinishi mumkin bo'lsa ham, yo'l olish huquqiga ega emaslar. Juda ehtiyot bo'ling va boshqa velosipedchilarga e'tibor bering. Avariyalarni oldini olish va transport oqimini yumshatish uchun har doim boradigan joyingizdagi boshqa transport vositalarini ko'rsating (masalan, qo'lingizni cho'zib). Agar boshqa belgilar bilan ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa, o'ngdan chapga qoida amal qiladi.

Shinalaringizni tramvay relslariga tushishdan saqlaning; bu yomon kuz. Tramvay relslarini doimo burchak ostida kesib o'ting. Tramvay yo'llaridan o'tayotganda tez kelayotgan taksilarga e'tibor bering. Ular juda shafqatsiz haydash uslubiga ega. Yuqorida aytib o'tilganlarning hech biri sizni Amsterdam usulida bajarishingizga to'sqinlik qilmasin. Velosiped ijaraga oling! Vokzallarda velosipedlarni ijaraga olish do'konlari va shahar markazida va atrofida bir nechta do'kon mavjud. Velosipedlarning narxi taxminan €9 ga €20 kuniga. (Nam uskunani olib keling.)

Velosiped haydash uchun yaxshi xarita (marshrutlar, ta'mirlash, ijaraga berish va jamoat transporti) Amsterdam op de fiets (Cito-reja). Velosipedlarni IJ bo'ylab barcha feribotlarda, barcha metropolitenlarda va 26-tramvayning ba'zi vagonlarida velosiped qo'shimcha haqi bilan bepul olish mumkin. OV-chipkaart (€6.20 2018 yilda, shoshilinch soatlarda ruxsat berilmaydi). Tashish joyining tashqi qismida velosiped belgisi bilan ko'rsatilgan maxsus velosiped tokchalaridan foydalaning.

Yaxshi qulfni (yoki ikkitasini) oling va undan foydalaning. Amsterdam velosiped o'g'irlash bo'yicha dunyodagi eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlardan biriga ega. Agar siz velosiped sotib olsangiz, haqiqatan ham juda yaxshi ko'rinadigan narxlar o'g'irlangan velosipedlardir. Ko'chada o'tayotganlarga sotish uchun taqdim etilgan har qanday velosiped, albatta, o'g'irlanadi. There's an old Amsterdam joke: when calling out to a large group of cyclists passing by "Hey, that's my bike!" about five people will jump off "their" bikes and start running.

• A-Bike Rental & Tours, Tesselschadestraat 1-E (right next to the Vondelpark), ☏ 31202181292, ✉[email protected]. 24 hours daily. Well maintained bikes, no older than 2 years. No bright colors, so you will blend in with the locals. €6.50 (1 hr), €14.95 (24 hr), every day extra €12,95. 
• Black Bikes (Het Zwarte Fietsenplan), Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 146 (tram 1, 2, 5, 13 or 17 to Dam), ☏ 31 20 670-8531. M-F 08:00-20:00, Sa Su 09:00-19:00. Rent traditional black bikes. There are no bright red, yellow, blue or orange bikes in their shops. There are three locations throughout the city centre and the shops have long opening hours, 7 days a week. Also rents out cargobikes for kids. €9 (3 hr), €13 (24 hr). 
• Frederic, Brouwersgracht 78, ☏ 31 20 624-5509. Bike, insurance, bags, locks, and children seats all included in the asking price. Close to Centraal Station. Bikes are offered "incognito", for the discerning guest who does not want to appear "touristy". €8 (3 hr), €10 (day till 17:30), €15 (24 hr), €25 (2 days), €35 (3 days). 
• MacBike, Stationsplein 33 (tram or metro to Centraal Station), ☏ 31 20 625-3845. 24 hours daily. Perhaps the most ubiquitous bicycle rental agency in Amsterdam, their bicycles are painted red with a MacBike sign on the front, everyone will know you're visiting. The bicycles are reliable, and in a good condition. Several locations around the city centre for assistance or repairs. Online bicycle reservations at their website. €7.50 (3 hr), €9.75 (24 hr), every day extra €6. 
• Orangebike, ☏ 31 20 354-1781, ✉[email protected]. 09:00-18:00 daily. Their bikes are not so obviously coloured, more discrete, reliable and sturdy. The typical Dutch granny bikes are available. Online reservations can be made. €5 (1 hr), €6.50 (3 hr), €9.50 (day till 18:00), €11 (24 hr), €17.50 (2 days). 
• Rent a bike Damstraat, Damstraat 20-22 (tram 4, 9, 16 or 24 to Dam), ☏ 31 20 625-5029. 09:00-18:00 daily. Daily to weekly rentals. They have promotions in place with several hotels for "discount tickets", ask at the front desk. Offers repairs for your bike and also has new and used bike sales. €12.50 for the first 24 hr, insurance included. 
• Star Bikes Rental, De Ruyterkade 127 (tram or metro to Centraal Station), ☏ 31 20 620-3215. M-F 08:00-19:00, Sa Su 09:00-19:00. Classic and solid Dutch bikes for those who want to fit in with the locals. They have the traditional black granny, pick-ups, tandems, bikes for kids and for disabled needs. You can also arrange exclusive picnic and barbecue sets within your rental. €5 (4 hr), €7 (a day) or €9 (24 hr), 2 lockers included. 
• OV-fiets, any Amsterdam train station (except Holendrecht and Science Park), plus other locations. This cycle hire service, run by Dutch Railways (NS), is mostly used by Dutch residents, as a Dutch bank account is required, as well as a personal OV-chipkaart. If you manage to obtain these, it's a very good option due to its ubiquity (these bikes can be hired on every large train station in the Netherlands) and low cost. €3.85 per 24 hr (usage), 72 hours max. (yangilangan Nov 2017)

The bicycle is a good way to explore the surrounding countryside. Within half an hour you're out of town. Go north, take the ferry across the IJ and cycle to Waterland. Or go south, into the Amsterdamse Bos, a giant park, or follow the river Amstel where Rembrandt worked. You can also take your bike onto the metro to the end of line station Gaasperplas, and cycle along rivers and windmills to old fortified towns like Weesp, Muiden va Naarden.

Cycle routes

• Amsterdam Highlights by Bike (13 km) - Discover the best of Amsterdam in one cycle tour
• Amsterdam Amstel Cycle Route (54 or 46 km) - Idyllic rivers, villages and forts.
• Marken Cycle Route (51 or 45 km) - Former island on the doorstep of Amsterdam.

By taxi

Taxis in Amsterdam are plentiful but expensive. Hailing taxis on the street is generally not to be recommended unless you are going to a well-known destination (e.g. Centraal Station or Schiphol). The liberalization of the taxi market in Amsterdam led to an influx of taxi drivers who have little or no clue of where they are going and who drive erratically and dangerously (e.g., driving on bicycle lanes instead of the main road or ignoring red lights). Tourists are advised to stick to public transport if at all possible. Get into a taxi only if you know the route yourself and are able to give directions to the taxi driver and if you know roughly how much the journey ought to cost so you don't get cheated.

Some drivers, traditionally at Centraal Station or Leidseplein, will refuse short trips or will quote outrageously high fares, even though all taxis are metered. Even if you convince the driver to use the meter, he will often take a circuitous route that racks up €15 or more on the meter. For reference, no trip within the historic centre should cost more than €10 or so. The ride-hailing Uber (using their mobile app) is available in Amsterdam. Although slightly more expensive than a normal taxi, you can avoid a lot of the problems associated with taking an Amsterdam taxi from busy areas (Centraal Station/Leidseplein) and at peak evening hours.

The Netherlands (and Amsterdam) is in the middle of a huge taxi liberalization scheme which has been jarring to all involved. After many missteps, the government has introduced an unusual pricing scheme. First you feel sticker shock as the initial fare is now €7.50. Luckily, that includes the first 2 km of travel and there is no charge for waiting in traffic. If you need to run in somewhere, you need to negotiate a waiting fee with the driver. 50 cents per minute is customary.

Unlicensed, illegal cabbies operate mainly in Zuidoost. These aren't easily recognized as such, and most certainly don't drive Mercedes cars. They are known as snorders and most easily reached by mobile phone. Rides within Zuidoost (the Bijlmer) range from €2.50 ga €5, whereas Zuidoost-Centre can run up to €12.50. Snorders have a shady reputation, so consider their services only if you are adventurous.

Mashinada

Cars are anything but miserable torture only outside the historic centre; within the historic centre, public transport is by far your best bet. In Amsterdam, a car is generally a liability and not an asset, as traffic is dense and parking spaces are quite expensive and very hard to find. Use a car only if you are going to an obscure location many kilometers out that is not served by public transport, or during the less busy times of the day or week, you may want to park near the Centraal Station and take the tram or walk. Driving here is a pain: many of the streets are narrow, the traffic (and parking) signs are baroque and obscure, and cyclists and pedestrians may get in your way. Plus, petrol is about €1.54 ga €1.7 per liter.

You can try parking at one of the secured parking garages, for example under Museumplein, or near Centraal Station, and then walk around the city centre, or get on a tram. Car parking is very expensive in Amsterdam and it's often hard to find a place to park. You can choose to pay by the hour or for the whole day. Parking is free outside the centre on Sunday—there is always a spot available on the Albert Cuypstraat (which is a market during the rest of the week). From there, it is a 5 minute tram ride or 15 minutes walk to the city centre.

You can park for free in some parts of Amsterdam outside the city centre though this is slowly changing. Parking is still free in some areas in Noord, and you can take the bus from the Mosplein stop to the city centre easily. Plenty of buses run through here. Another option is to park your car far outside the city centre at a Park and Ride facility. Uchun €8 you get a full day (24 hr) of parking and a return ticket to the city centre. The ride takes about 15 minutes. Look for the P R signs.

Popular car rental chains operate in a smaller capacity in Amsterdam, including Avis and Budget. Car 2 Go has all-electric smart cars available within and around the city.

Qarang

Architecture

Idyllic canals and houses with hoists

Amsterdam has one of the largest historic city centres in Europe, with about 7,000 registered historic buildings. The street pattern has been largely unchanged since the 19th century—there was no major bombing during World War II. The centre consists of 90 islands linked by 400 bridges, some of them beautifully lit at night.

The inner part of the city centre, the Binnenstad, dates from medieval times. The oldest streets are the Warmoesstraat and the Zeedijk in the Oudezijde of the Binnenstad. As buildings were made of wood in the Middle Ages, not many of this period's buildings have survived. Two medieval wooden houses did survive though, at Begijnhof 34 and Zeedijk 1. Other old houses are Warmoesstraat 83 (built around 1400), Warmoesstraat 5 (around 1500) and Begijnhof 2-3 (around 1425). The Begijnhof is a late-medieval enclosed courtyard with the houses of beguines, Roman Catholic women living in a semi-religious community. Beguines are found in Northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and north-western Germany. House number 34 at the Begijnhof is the oldest home in Amsterdam. Entry to the courtyard and surrounding gardens is free, but be careful not to disturb the local community still living here.

One of the most prominent features is the Kanal tumani, a concentric ring of canals built in the 17th century. The merchant-based oligarchy that ruled the trading city of Amsterdam built canal houses and mansions in the most prestigious locations here, especially along the main canals. Typical for the country are its traditional white draw bridges. The best example has to be the Magere Brug, which is over 300 years old and nearly in its original capacity. It is a beautiful place to overlook the river and take in some traditional Dutch architecture.

The Jordaan was built around 1650 along with the Canal District, but not for the wealthy merchants. For a long time it was considered a typical working-class area, and included some notorious slums. The name probably derives from the nickname 'Jordan' for the Prinsengracht. Apart from a few wider canals, the streets are narrow, in an incomplete grid pattern (as the grid followed the lines of the former polders located here in medieval times). This district is the best example of "gentrification" in the Netherlands, becoming a hip boutique district.

There are several large warehouses for more specific uses. The biggest is the Admiralty Arsenal (1656-1657), now Het Scheepvaartmuseum at Kattenburgerplein. Others include the former turf warehouses (1550) along the Nes, now the municipal pawn office; a similar warehouse at Waterlooplein 69-75 (Arsenaal, 1610), now an architectural academy, and the warehouse of the West India Company (1642) at the corner of Prins Hendrikkade and 's-Gravenhekje. The city office for architectural heritage has an excellent online introduction to the architectural history and the types of historical buildings available. The website includes a cycle route along important examples.

Shamol tegirmonlari were not built in urban areas, since the buildings obstructed the wind. The windmills in Amsterdam were all originally outside its city walls. There are a total of eight windmills in the city, most of them in G'arb. However, the best one to visit is De Gooyer, which is not far from the city centre, and is being used as a brewery. The only windmill fully open to the public is the Molen van Sloten in Sloten, a former village now part of G'arb.

Muzeylar

Rijksmuseum

Amsterdam has an amazing collection of museums. The most popular ones can get juda crowded in the summer peak season, so it's worth exploring advance tickets or getting there off-peak (e.g. very early in the morning). Avoid the museums in the Binnenstad as these are mostly tourist traps. The quality museums can be found in Zuid, Kanal tumani va Plantage.The museums in Zuid are located at the Museumplein, a square surrounded by quality museums. The country's national museum is the Rijksmuseum, a must-visit with a large collection of paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Some artists that can't be overlooked are Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Frans Hals and Jan Steen. The most widely regarded paintings are Rembrandt's Night Watch and Vermeer's Milkmaid. The museum also boasts a substantial collection of Asian art. Reopened after a reconstruction of about ten years, its renewed set-up is absolutely worthwhile, leading the visitor through the ages from the late Middle Ages to the early 20th century.

Even someone with little knowledge of art must have heard about Vincent van Gogh, the Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colours and emotional impact. The Van Gogh Museum has the largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and drawings in the world. The Stedelijk muzeyi is all about modern art, contemporary art and design. A newer addition to Amsterdam's already stellar set of art museums is the Hermitage yilda Plantage, the largest satellite branch of the famous museum from Saint Petersburg, Russia.

A major museum is the Anne Frank House, dedicated to Anne Frank, a Jewish girl who kept a diary while hiding from Nazi persecution in hidden rooms at the rear of a building in the Kanal tumani (known as the Achterhuis). It's an exhibition on the life of Anne Frank, but also highlights other forms of persecution and discrimination. Amsterdam has hundreds of museums about pretty much every topic one could think of. They are described in the city's district articles.

The Museumkaart costs €59.90 (or €32.45 for those under 18 years old). It covers the cost of admission to over 400 museums across the Netherlands and you can buy it at most major museums. It is valid for an entire year, and you will need to write your name, birthday, and gender on it. If you are going to the Rijksmuseum and Van Gogh Museum, those are €15 each, so this card can quickly pay for itself. The tickets to the major museums, including the audio guide, can be bought early from the tourist information desk at no extra cost. Alternatively, for short stays, you can consider buying the I amsterdam City Card, starting at €42 per day, which includes "free" access to Amsterdam museums, public transport and discount on many tourist attractions.

Churches and synagogues

Since the Middle Ages, the Netherlands has been a country with a relatively high degree of freedom and tolerance towards other religions and cultures, especially compared to other countries in Europe, with the major exception being the persecution of Catholics after winning the war with Spain and during and after the Eighty Years' War. Between 1590 and 1800, the estimated foreign-born population was never less than 5 percent, many of them settling in Amsterdam. This led to a large migration of Jews, Huguenots (French Protestants), Flemings, Poles and other people to the city. Jews in particular had a large presence in Amsterdam, notably in the Jodenbuurt, though this quarter has changed significantly after World War II. The most prominent synagogue is The Esnoga (or The Portuguese Synagogue), built in 1675 in an austere Classicist style.

As the Netherlands was a Protestant nation, most of the churches are from this branch of Christianity. The oldest church in Amsterdam, the Netherlands-gothic Oude Kerk on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal at Oudekerksplein, is now surrounded by window prostitution. It was built in 1306, and became a Calvinist church after the Reformation in 1578. The Nieuwe Kerk, at Dam Square, dates from the 15th century and is now used for royal coronations and exhibitions. From the 17th century onwards, four compass churches were built that would serve the areas outside the Binnenstad.

The late-medieval city also had smaller chapels such as the Sint Olofskapel (circa 1440) on Zeedijk, and convent chapels such as the Agnietenkapel on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal 231 (originally 1470), now the University of Amsterdam museum. Later churches included the Oosterkerk (1669) in the eastern islands, and the heavily restored Lutheran Church on the Singel (1671), now used by a hotel as a conference centre. Catholic churches were long forbidden, and built again only in the 19th-century. The most prominent is the Neo-Baroque Church of St. Nicholas (1887) opposite Centraal Station. Also, investigate some of the "hidden churches" found in Amsterdam, mainly Catholic churches that remained in activity following the Reformation. A prominent hidden church is Ons' Lieve Heer op Solder. Well worth the visit. Two hidden churches still in use are the Begijnhofchapel near the Spui, and the Papegaaikerk in the Kalverstraat (both Catholic).

Modern architecture

"Het Schip", Amsterdam School architecture in the Zaanstraat

Since there was little large-scale demolition in the historic city centre, most modern architecture is outside of it. Immediately outside the Singelgracht (the former city moat) is a ring of 19th century housing. The most prominent buildings from this period are the Amsterdam Centraal railway station (1889) and the Rijksmuseum (1885), both by Pierre Cuypers. De Pijp is a textbook example of 19th century revolution-build, cheap construction housing. The most prominent in architectural history are the residential complexes by architects of the Amsterdam School, for instance at Zaanstraat and Oostzaanstraat in G'arb. The Amsterdam School is a style of Expressionist architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930. Examples can be found in De Baarsjes in G'arb and the Rivierenbuurt in Zuid.

A completely different approach to architecture has been followed in the Bijlmer, a huge architectural project undertaken in the 1970s. A series of nearly identical high-rise buildings were laid out in a hexagonal grid with a strict separation of pedestrian and car traffic. It has been a revolutionary way of thinking in the architectural world, but within a decade the district started to make headlines with crime and robberies. As these high-rises are being torn down, the safety situation has improved, and now modern office buildings are taking their place.

The 1990s and 2000s also left its mark as a revolutionary time in architectural design. The Eastern Docklands is the largest concentration of modern residential buildings. The zone includes three artificial islands: Borneo, Sporenburg, and KNSM/Java-eiland. The latter has been designed as a modern re-imagining of the old Canal District. Across from it is the brand new Piet Heinkade and some adjoining projects. The largest concentration of box-like office buildings is in the Zuidas va Zuidoost. Some spectacular buildings are Amsterdam ArenA stadium and the new Bijlmer-ArenA railway station.

Qil

The locals spend their summer days in Amsterdam uncorking bottles of red wine in the Vondelpark—and so should you. Every district in Amsterdam has at least one park, but the Vondelpark stands out for its size and convivial atmosphere. The neighbourhood best known for its trees and gardens is the Plantage. Besides leafy boulevards and grand mansions it also features the botanical gardens of the Hortus Botanicus and has Artis Zoo for the kids.

Amsterdam also has so-called city beaches. Yes, it's now possible to lay in the sand far from any natural coastline! Amsterdam has three of these beaches, which are located in G'arb, Oost va Zuid. The one in Oost, Blijburg, is the best of these, and you get the fine architecture and atmosphere of the IJburg neighbourhood included for free.

You can also watch a film at one of the more than 55 cinemas. Rialto in Zuid and Kriterion in Plantage run a selection of art house and alternative films. The EYE Film Institute in Noord is dedicated to film conservation, but also has screenings and exhibitions.

Sport: watch football ie soccer at AFC Ajax. They play in (and often win) the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football. Their home ground is Johan Cruijff ArenA (capacity 54,000) 5 km south of the centre, metro station Bijlmer ArenA, which will host matches at Euro 2020. Their second-string team Jong Ajax (or "Ajax 2") plays in Eerste Divisie, the second tier: their ground "Sportpark De Toekomst" is near the ArenA.

Canal cruises

Magere Brug at night

A canal cruise usually lasts from one to two hours. Commentary on the surroundings is given during the route. Departures from Prins Hendrikkade opposite Centraal Station, quayside Damrak, Rokin near Spui and Stadhouderskade 25 near Leidseplein. If it's a warm day, avoid the enclosed boats with glass ceilings—they get hot. You can also cruise the canals yourself with a pedal boat or rented boat.

• Amsterdam Boats B.V.. Personal rental of a wide variety of boats. You can rent a gondola, hand made by a girl from Amsterdam. She traveled to Venice to learn the craft, then built her own Gondola which she brought back to Amsterdam. 
• Amsterdam Jewel Cruises. An evening dinner cruise. It is the only classic boat offering a private table for a romantic candlelight dinner. A la carte dining, but not cheap! The cruise starts at 19:30 and lasts just under three hours. €99-113. 
• Boaty Rent a Boat. Boaty Rent a Boat rents small boats (max. 6 people) to make your own private boat tour on the Amsterdam canals. These rental boats are electrically driven which means they are silent and free of exhaust fumes. (updated Jan 2021)
• Boats4rent Boat Rental, ☏ 31 6 26326420, ✉[email protected]. open every day from March to October. Boats4rent is a boat rental where you can rent a boat without a skipper. With a three or four hour rental you can make a private trip on the Amsterdam canals and the Amstel river. best rates in Amsterdam. (updated Jan 2021)
• Canal Company. The Canal Hopper runs three fixed routes, stopping near major attractions (Rijksmuseum, Anne Frank's House, etc.). You can get on or off as often as you like, but it is relatively expensive with €20 per 24 hours. The first boats start between 09:15 and 10:45, depending on which stop you get on. The last boats start dropping off at around 19:00. It also has four locations for renting your own boat; two-seater canal bikes cost €8 per person per hour. 
• Lovers Company. Starts opposite the Rijksmuseum, but you cannot get on or off. The cruise takes about 1 hr 30 min. €12. 
• Sloepdelen. Self operated electric rental boats. A boating license is not required and the open boats can seat up to twelve passengers. €60 p/h (with a minimum of 2 hours) plus €150 deposit). (updated Nov 2016)
• Amsterdam Boat Experience, Nieuwe Spiegelstraat 70-1 (Office), ☏ 31 20 771 59 30, ✉[email protected]. 09.00-22.00. (updated Oct 2017) Amsterdam Boat Experience was founded in 2015 and has been steadly expanding its fleet and now offers exclusive private charters while also operating a fixed route from the Anne Frank house. Tickets for the 1 hour cruise on the luxurious electric open boats with live narrating are €15,-. while you relax the hostess serves drinks on the boat.
• Adam's Boats. Rent a boat without the need for a licence. The Amstel river can be reached within 2 minutes from the hire place.
• Starboard Boats Amsterdam. This eco friendly boat company organises luxurious private boat rentals. Starting locations on requests. From €195 per hour.

Festivals

Amsterdam is a cultural haven with year-round festivals for every pocket.

February

• Chinese New Year. Celebrated with festivities in Chinatown. 

April

• Imagine Film Festival. A two weeks celebration of drive-in, exploitation and cult films, generally of the lower budget variety. Takes up all the screening rooms of the EYE Film Institute in Noord.  
• King's Day. Formerly Queen's Day, this national holiday, nominally in celebration of the King's birthday, is difficult to describe to anyone who's never been there. The city turns into one giant mass of orange-dressed people with flea markets, bands playing, and many on-street parties, ranging from small cafes placing a few kegs of beer outside to huge open-air stages hosting world-famous DJs. The Vondelpark is the place where children sell toys and perform. An experience you'll never forget. Normally held on April 27, but if that is a Sunday, it is celebrated one day earlier. 
• KunstRAI. A modern art fair in the RAI exhibition and conference centre. If you want to know what the latest developments are in Dutch galleries, this is where to find them all in one place. 

May

June

• Holland Festival. A performing arts festival that brings together events from all over the world in the fields of music, opera, theater and dance. 
• Taste of Amsterdam. A culinary festival where you can explore the food of famous Amsterdam restaurants and their chefs. 
• Open Garden Days (Opentuinendagen). Normally you can see only the front of the canal houses, but during the Open Garden Days you get to go past the entrance and see the green world behind them, often bigger than you would have expected. You can buy one ticket that gives you entry to all participating gardens, and there is a special canal boat to take you from one location to another. 
• Amsterdam Roots Festival. A free open-air festival with music from non-Western countries accompanied by paid film and theater performances in the surrounding theaters. 

July

• Julidans. International contemporary dance festival, always showing the latest developments in modern dance. 

July/August

• Vondelpark Openluchttheater. This free festival offers many different performances every day. Go to the open air theater just by the fountain and let the entertainment do the work. From cabaret to drama to concerts to dance, there is something for everyone here and for all ages. 
• Amsterdam International Fashion Week. Twice a year, this event presents young and upcoming fashion in Europe with a focus on Dutch design. 
• Robeco Summer Nights. Affordable classical music concerts taking place at the prestigious Concertgebouw. 

August

• De Parade, Martin Luther King Park. Circus turns vintage, on an old-fashioned fairground with many different tents, the performers are each trying to attract their public, featuring spectacles of dance, theater, magic, art, animation and music. 
• Amsterdam Pride. Amsterdam's gay pride on the first weekend in August. One of the biggest festivals in Amsterdam with parties, performances, workshops and a boat parade on the Prinsengracht on Saturday afternoon which is always well worth seeing by gays and straights alike. 
• Prinsengrachtconcert and Grachtenfestival. Third weekend of August each year. A free open-air classical music concert is held every year on a stage in the middle of the Prinsengracht. If you have a little boat, join the crowds and make sure to bring a bottle of rose wine or prosecco for full enjoyment. It takes place during the Grachtenfestival, a 10 days classical music festival with about 150 concerts throughout the city, but is organized independently from it. 
• Sail Amsterdam. Tall-ships from all over the world come to visit the Amsterdam harbor every five years, the next one is in 2025. 
• Uitmarkt. The opening of the cultural season in the last weekend of August, it offers a taste of the year to come with 30 min performances at different theaters, an extensive book market and many open-air concerts. All free. 

September

• Jordaan Festival. A big inner city street festival celebrating the diversity of this former working class district. Features can include drum bands, a children's festival, opera and cabaret, a boules competition, a flea market and an auction. 
• Robodock. A unique festival presenting contemporary art shows in the huge, old NDSM shipyard depot in Noord. The atmosphere is rough, industrial, experimental. A lot of loud music, fire, smoke, noise and heavy machinery are usually elements of these performances. 
• National Restaurant Week. Two times a year, participating restaurants offer a full 3 course dinner for a mere €25 (excluding drinks), allowing you to try a different restaurant for a change or a chance to have an affordable meal at one of the famous five-star restaurants. 

October

• Amsterdam Dance Event. Usually held during the second last weekend in October, this electronic music annual festival gathers cream of the crop faces from the house and techno scenes. Buy your tickets in advance to avoid paying more at the door and having to queue for hours. Besides partying for four nights in a row, the conference offers workshops, seminars, presentations etc. 

November

• Museumnacht. Long before the film came out, this "night at the museum" attracts new crowds at the traditional Amsterdam museums with special performances at unusual locations. Do as the locals do and hire a bike to go from one place to the other. 
• PAN Amsterdam. Third week of November. The biggest national art and antiques fair in the Netherlands. 
• International Documentary Film Festival (IDFA). The largest festival in the world for documentary films with screenings of about 200 documentary films and videos.  

December

• Museumplein. Amsterdam celebrates holy day of Sint Nicholaas on December 5th as Christmas in the Dam Square also known as "Christmas Square". However, on the Day of Christmas, i.e. December 25th, the people of Amsterdam are also getting used to celebrating Christmas along with Anglo-Americans. 

O'rganing

Amsterdam has two universities, both offer summer courses and other short courses (with academic credits). It also has one venerable institute.

• Universiteit van Amsterdam. Founded as the Athenaeum Illustre in 1632, in 1877 it became the University of Amsterdam. With about 25,000 students, the UvA is on three separate campuses in the city centre and many smaller sites scattered over Amsterdam. 
• Volksuniversiteit. Despite the name, it is not a university, but a venerable institute for public education. Among the many courses are Dutch language courses for foreigners. 
• Vrije Universiteit. Founded in 1880, the VU campus is located southwest of the city centre, and approximately 20 minutes away by bicycle. It is the only Protestant general university in the Netherlands. 

Work

Many people will find it difficult to get a suitable job if they do not speak Dutch. However, hostels and hotels in Amsterdam may need bar staff, night porters etc., who speak English and other languages. There are also specialist websites for English and non-Dutch speakers looking to work in Amsterdam and they are an often a good place to start: Jobs in Amsterdam, Blue Lynx, Undutchables, Unique, SAM Recruitment , Xpat Jobs va Jibser are all useful resources.

Immigration matters are dealt with by the immigration service IND. Registration is done by both police and municipalities. Immigration policy is restrictive and deliberately bureaucratic, this is especially true for non-EU citizens.

European Union citizens do not require a work permit. Australians, New Zealanders and Canadians are afforded a one year working-holiday visa. In general the employer must apply for work permits. Immigration is easier for higher educated (Bachelor's or higher) earning a gross annual salary of over €45000 (over €33000 for those under 30).

Sotib oling

Individual listings can be found in Amsterdam's district articles

Tulips from Amsterdam

The main central shopping streets run in a line from Centraal Station to the Leidseplein: Nieuwendijk, Kalverstraat, Heiligeweg, Leidsestraat. The emphasis is on clothing and fashion, but there are plenty of other shops. These are not upmarket shopping streets, and the north end of Nieuwendijk is a bit seedy. English-language books can be found in the shops around Spui, and a used book market is held there every Friday. There is a concentration of Chinese shops in Zeedijk and Nieuwmarkt, and flowers can be bought at the Bloemenmarkt. Other concentrations of shops in the centre are Utrechtsestraat, Spiegelstraat (art and antiques) and Staalstraat (specialty shops).

Interesting independent shops and boutiques are located in the side streets of the main canals (Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, Herengracht) and especially in the Jordaan. The Haarlemmerstraat and Haarlemmerdijk are claimed as best shopping streets in the Netherlands. The area around Museumplein in Zuid has Amsterdam's upmarket shopping streets. The P.C. Hooftstraat va Cornelis Schuytstraat have the finest designer shops in the city. You can find designer shoes, health and well-being specialists, massage parlors, fashion boutiques, designer interiors, designer florists and specialist shops. The partly gentrified neighbourhood of De Pijp—around Ferdinand Bolstraat and Sarphatipark—is slowly becoming the 'second Jordaan'.

Street markets originally sold mainly food, and most still sell food and clothing, but they have become more specialized. The Albert Cuyp Market is the largest in Amsterdam, and the best-known street market in the country. The Waterloopleinmarkt is partly a flea market, partly an alternative and second hand clothing and accessories market. It is more oriented towards tourists than to locals. If you're looking for authenticity, visit the Dappermarkt yilda Oost yoki O'n katemarkt yilda G'arb. Both have food, households, flowers and clothing, and have a multicultural flavor.

In the areas surrounding the city centre, the main shopping streets are the Kinkerstraat, Ferdinand Bolstraat, Van Woustraat, and the Javastraat. The most ethnically diverse shopping street in Amsterdam is the Javastraat. There are some toy stores and clothing shops for kids in the centre, but most are in the shopping streets further out, because that's where families with children live. Particularly IJburg has a good set of shops for families.

Yemoq

Individual listings can be found in Amsterdam's district articles

Bitterballen with mustard

There is a large diversity of restaurants in Amsterdam, especially if you are looking for Asian cuisine, and although some of it is tailored to the fairly bland local tastes, it is possible to find quite fiery food if you look for it. The influence of the Dutch colonial past is apparent, as can be seen in the wide array of Indonesian and Surinamese restaurants. As in other cities with a large number of tourists, better value can often be found in streets that are not main tourist corridors.

Most Asian restaurants are clustered at the Zeedijk near the Nieuwmarkt and it is often dubbed as Amsterdam's Chinatown. It's also home to many tokos, small Asian grocery stores that sell Eastern food and spices. Chinatown offers plenty of Chinese, Thai and Japanese restaurants, usually good value. Indonesian restaurants are usually of excellent quality, but Indian ones can be expensive. For a budget meal, check out the various Middle Eastern restaurants around the Damstraat va Muntplein. The numerous falafel bars have a good value, often sporting an "all you can pile" salad bar.

Surinamese food is widely available and worth a try. The highest concentration of Surinamese restaurants can be found in Zuid and Zuidoost, especially in the Albert Cuypstraat. Locals recommend the roti met bonen, moksi meti, petjil va bojo as dessert. Try the dawet as well; this typical drink is made from milk, coconut milk and rose sirup and has sago balls in it. Most kids like it. Dawet can also be found in many Indonesian restaurants.

The Lange Leidsedwarsstraat (just off Leidseplein) has about five Italian restaurants that sell pasta or pizza for €5 among many tourist traps. Many restaurants of all kinds can be found in the Haarlemmerbuurt. Also worth trying is the Van Woustraat in De Pijp, or continue to the Rijnstraat in the Rivierenbuurt. Exquisite but expensive restaurants can be found in the Utrechtsestraat. While there are exceptions, in general avoid restaurants along Damrak and be cautious around Leidseplein—they are well known tourist traps.

Local specialties

Pishloq can be bought at the Albert Cuyp Market, or at specialist cheese shops found around the city centre. Dutch cheese is traditionally firm, made in large wax-covered wheels, and falls into two main categories—young and old. There is a rich variety within these categories. Among the more unusual young cheeses is cumin cheese (komijnenkaas), which is particular to the Netherlands. Sheep cheese (schapenkaas) and goat cheese (geitenkaas) are also common. Old cheese can be made of any sort of milk, and is often reminiscent of Italian Parmesan in consistency and sharpness of flavour.

Tekshirib ko'rmoq bitterballen, fried breaded ragout balls, and kroketten (the same, but shaped like a cylinder), but take care not to burn your mouth. Also don't forget to try a traditional herring or a broodje haring (herring sandwich), available from fish stalls around the city. Herring in Amsterdam is usually served with onions and pickles. A good try is the fish stand on the Koningsplein near the Bloemenmarkt. Syrup waffles (stroopwafels) are made fresh at the Albert Cuyp. If you're visiting in late November or December, you can enjoy oliebollen, which are round blobs of sweet fried dough embedded with raisins (sultanas) and dusted with powdered sugar.

Ichish

Individual listings can be found in Amsterdam's district articles

Bruin café in Amsterdam

Amsterdam's famously wild nightlife caters to all tastes and budgets. The archetypical Amsterdam watering hole is the bruine café ("brown bar"), a neighbourhood bar of sorts with gorgeous dark wood panelling—hence the name—and booths. Grand cafés are more grand and spacious, and also serve small food portions. These usually have at least one long table with newspapers and magazines. Lounge and designer bars pop-up across the city catering to the city's younger and more trend susceptible crowd. If you're a beer lover consider visiting a beer shop or tasting room in the Binnenstad or the brewery in Plantage. There are some excellent beers you can get from this part of the world such as wheat beer (witbeer).

The nightclubs in Amsterdam are not as rough as one might think. Many of them congregate around Leidseplein va Rembrandtplein ichida Kanal tumani. You can't go wrong at Melkweg, Sugar Factory va Paradiso, three live music venues that usually have large queues in weekends. Paradiso has the best interior, as it used to be a church, while Melkweg feels more like a nightclub. Sugar Factory is a little more intimate and is a multidisciplinary platform for young talent. Jimmy Woo is an impressive VIP-room, and a strict dress code applies. There are also some nightclubs in Oost, such as Panama, va yaqinida Westerpark. Amsterdamniki geylarning tungi hayoti u avvalgidek jonli emas, lekin hali ham faol jamoatchilik mavjud Reguliersdwarsstraat ichida Kanal tumani. Yillik gey mag'rurligi avgustda - geylar va tekisliklar ham ishtirok etishi mumkin bo'lgan qiziqarli tadbir.

Kofexonlar

2007 yilda Amsterdamning uch xil qahvaxonalarida sotib olingan "xash keklar", tarkibida gashish bo'lgan keklar

Amsterdam liberalligi bilan mashhur giyohvandlik siyosati. Qahvaxona do'konlari (ingliz tilida, lekin bitta so'z bilan yozilgan; qahvaxonalar yoki kafelar bilan aralashmaslik kerak) nasha va shaxsiy foydalanish uchun xash, ya'ni 5 grammdan oshmasligi kerak. Hali ham noqonuniy, asosan xalqaro shartnomalarga rioya qilish uchun yumshoq dori-darmonlardan shaxsiy foydalanish Adliya vazirligi tomonidan rasmiy siyosat asosida tartibga solinadi. Gedogen; tom ma'noda bu degani qabul qilmoq yoki toqat qil, qonuniy ravishda bu tanlangan ayblovni tashkil qiladigan darajada noqonuniy bo'lganligi sababli, ta'qib qilmaslik to'g'risidagi doktrinadir. Amsterdam shahar kengashi kofe do'konlariga faqat kofe do'konining derazasidagi rasmiy yashil va oq stikerda ko'rsatilgandek, ko'chirilmaydigan litsenziyalar taqdim etilgan holda ishlashga ruxsat beradi. Qahvaxonalarda faqat nasha kabi yumshoq dorilar sotilishi kerak, boshqa dorilarni sotishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. Quritilgan gallyutsinogen qo'ziqorinlarni sotishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi.

Amsterdamda 250 ga yaqin qahvaxonalar mavjud, ularning aksariyati Binnenstad. Marixuana asosan bir grammlik bosqichma-bosqich sotiladi, bitim uchun maksimal chegarasi 5 gramm. Narxlar atrofida ko'tariladi €7.50 o'rtacha gramm 0,33 g atrofida bo'lgan holda, 1 gramm uchun. Ko'pgina qahvaxonalar navlarni tavsiya qilishdan va qo'shma joyingizni siz uchun tayyorlashdan mamnun. Ba'zilar chekishni istamaydigan odamlar uchun bug'lashtiruvchi / inhalator taklif qilishadi. Chekish uchun mo'ljallangan buyumlar, odatda, talabga binoan mavjud. Odatda kofe, koka yoki marixuana bo'lsin, korxonadan biror narsa sotib olmasdan kofe do'konida chekmaslik odatiy holdir. Barcha qahvaxonalar, albatta, kofe sotishadi. ID har bir muassasaga kirishda so'raladi va ko'pincha pasport bu qabul qilinadigan yagona identifikator hisoblanadi.

Ko'plab qahvaxonalarda yumshoq giyohvand moddalar ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan "chekish xonasi" mavjud. Mavzu bo'yicha chalkashliklarga qaramay, mamlakat bo'ylab chekishni taqiqlash faqat tamakiga tegishli. Biroq, Gollandiyaliklar o'zlarining marixuana yoki xashlari bilan aralashtirilgan tamaki chekishganligi sababli, ko'plab qahvaxonalar, ayniqsa sayyohlarga odatlanmaganlar, chekishni alohida chekish qismida yoki ochiq havoda qilishni talab qilishi mumkin. Ko'pgina yirik sayyohlik mijozlari joylashgan markaziy qahvaxonalar marixuana yoki hash chekishga ruxsat berishadi, bu sizning chekkangizda tamaki bo'lsa, ajratilgan qismda chekishni talab qiladi. Ko'plab qahvaxonalar toza bo'g'inlarni juda kuchli deb topganlar uchun tamaki bo'lmagan o'simliklarni to'ldiruvchisi bilan ta'minlaydi. Siz odatda ushbu o'simlik plomba moddasini o'z ichiga olgan qahvaxonaning har qanday joyida chekishingiz mumkin, ammo shaxsiy uy qoidalari turlicha bo'lishi mumkin. Agar shubhangiz bo'lsa, har doim xodimlardan so'rang.

Amsterdamda har yili minnatdorchilik kuni davomida dunyodagi marixuana bilan bog'liq eng muhim voqea bo'lgan Nasha kubogi bo'lib o'tadi. Nasha kubogi High Times jurnali tomonidan tashkillashtirilgan bo'lib, sayyohlarga ham, mahalliy aholiga ham 5 kunlik marixuana iste'mol qilish va turli xil shakllarda hukm qilishdan bahramand bo'lish imkoniyatini beradi. Ishtirokchilar oldindan 199 dollar to'lashlari mumkin €250 eshik oldida "sudyalar ruxsatnomasi" ni olish, bu tadbirga barcha besh kun davomida kirish, tadbir davomida o'tkazilgan ko'plab kontsert va seminarlarga kirish, topshirilgan ko'plab mukofotlarga ovoz berish imkoniyati va avtobuslarga bepul sayohatlar. va tadbirdan. Kunlik ruxsatnomalar mavjud €30 har bir kun uchun va ba'zi kontsertlar chiptalarni eshik oldida sotishadi, agar ular allaqachon tugamagan bo'lsa.

Red Light District

Red Light District bir nechta kanallardan iborat va ular orasidagi yon ko'chalar, Centraal Stantsiyasining janubida va Damrakning sharqida. Sifatida tanilgan De Uollen (quays) golland tilida, chunki kanallar bir paytlar shahar mudofaasining bir qismi bo'lgan (devorlar va xandaklar). Fohishalikning o'zi ma'lum ko'chalar, asosan, yon ko'cha va xiyobonlar bilan cheklangan, ammo tumanga kanallar va ba'zi qo'shni ko'chalar kiradi.

Hududda ko'plab seks do'konlari va peep shou-barlari mavjud. Shaharning ushbu bo'limi bekat kechasini nishonlaydigan bakalavrlar uchun odatiy joy. agar sizni qiynayotgan bo'lsa, qattiq va baland ovoz bilan "meni yolg'iz qoldiring" ko'pincha ishlaydi. Butun hududda og'ir politsiya bor va ko'plab xavfsizlik kameralari mavjud. Shunga qaramay, u hali ham turar-joy tumani bo'lib, ko'plab bar va restoranlarga ega, shuningdek, tarixiy binolar va muzeylarni o'z ichiga oladi.

Uyqu

Shaxsiy ro'yxatlarni Amsterdamda topish mumkin tuman maqolalar

Amsterdamda Evropaning eng qimmat mehmonxonalariga qadar byudjet muassasalaridan tortib to turli xil standartlarga ega 400 dan ortiq ro'yxatdan o'tgan mehmonxonalar mavjud. Oldindan band qilish tavsiya etiladi, ayniqsa dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari uchun. Bu erga kelganingizdan so'ng, arzon to'shak topasiz deb o'ylamang. Aksariyat mehmonxonalar va yotoqxonalarni topish mumkin Binnenstad, ayniqsa Centraal Stantsiyasining janubida va Zuid Muzey mahallasi atrofida. Dabdabali butik turar joyni badavlat xonadonda topish mumkin Kanal tumani, boylar va taniqli kishilarning uyi va uning maydonlari shaharning tungi hayotning eng yaxshi joylari. The Xordaan kestirib, butiklarni joylashtirish uchun yana bir yo'nalish, biroz yuqori darajadagi bozor, ammo baribir o'rtacha narxlar uchun. Bundan arzonroq yotoqxonalarni ham topish mumkin Red Light District.

A-dagi oddiy to'shak arzon mehmonxona atrofida boshlanadi €15 ish kunlari qishda va qadar €90 yozda dam olish kunlari. Pansionatlar ko'pincha sizdan dam olish kunlari kamida 2 kecha bron qilishni kutishadi. 1-2 yulduzli byudjetli mehmonxonadagi ikki kishilik xona narxi qimmatga tushishi mumkin €40 ish kunlari qishda va qadar €100 yozgi dam olish kunlari. Uch va to'rt yulduzli mehmonxonalarda narxlar o'zgarib turadi €100 ga €200, mavsumga qarab va besh yulduzli mehmonxonalar o'rtasida narx bo'lishi mumkin €150 va €400 bir kecha.

Arzonroq pansionatlar va mehmonxonalardan ko'plab xizmatlarni kutmang. Ularning aksariyatida liftlar yo'q va odatiy tik zinapoyalar mavjud; agar siz vertigodan aziyat cheksangiz, birinchi yoki ikkinchi qavatdagi xonani qabul qilishingizga yoki liftli mehmonxonaga buyurtma berishingizga ishonch hosil qiling.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Bu ba'zi mehmonlarni ajablantirishi mumkin, ammo Amsterdam Evropaning eng xavfsiz shaharlaridan biridir. U umuman oson, xotirjamlik xususiyatiga ega va jinoyatchilik odatiy emas. Amsterdam ayollarga do'stona, ayollar bu erda bemalol yolg'iz sayohat qilishlari va o'zlarini qulay va xavfsiz his qilishlari mumkin. Gey va lezbiyen sayohatchilar ham ozgina tashvishlanadilar. Biroq, firibgarliklar, cho'ntak cho'ntaklari va bagaj o'g'irliklariga qarshi, ayniqsa, asosiy savdo ko'chalarida, tramvay va poezdlarda, stantsiyalarda va sayyohlar to'planadigan joyda odatdagi ehtiyot choralarini ko'rishingiz kerak.

Piyodalarga o'xshagan narsa, ayniqsa kanal bo'yida, a bo'lishi mumkin Velosipedlar qatori. Velosiped yo'laklari odatda qizil / binafsha plitkalar yoki asfalt va erga velosiped belgisi bilan belgilanadi. Biroq, rang vaqt o'tishi bilan yo'qoladi, shuning uchun siz farqni sog'inishingiz mumkin. Velosipedchilar piyodalarga xushmuomala bo'lishlarini kutmang: ba'zilari yo'lning kengaytmasi, o'zlariga mos kelganda foydalanish uchun kengaytma deb o'ylashadi. Velosiped yo'lida yoki ko'chada hech qachon uzoq vaqt turmang yoki yurmang, chunki sizni faqat g'azablangan qo'ng'iroqlar kutib oladi. Shuni yodda tutingki, ko'plab Amsterdammers uchun velosiped ularning asosiy transport vositasidir.

E'tibor bering tramvaylar ko'chadan o'tayotganda. Taksilarga ba'zi tramvay yo'llaridan ham foydalanish taqiqlanadi, hatto ruxsat berilmasa ham, baribir ular tez-tez foydalanadilar. Agar siz haydayotgan bo'lsangiz, ustuvor yo'lda harakatlanmasangiz, doimo tramvaylarga yo'l bering.

Kanallar

Amsterdamning kanallari juda chiroyli va kulgili, ammo ular (hozirgacha) Amsterdamdagi sayyohlar o'limining eng katta sababidir. Kanallarda har yili o'rtacha 25 ga yaqin odam cho'kadi, ularning deyarli barchasi sayyohlardir. Har doim qurbonlar erkaklar va kanalda siydik chiqarishga urinish paytida tushishadi - ko'pincha jasadlar ochiq chivin bilan topiladi. Odatda spirtli ichimliklar juda ko'p, ba'zida boshqa dorilar bilan aralashtiriladi. Bo'shashish va to'satdan sovuqqa duchor bo'lish natijasida bo'shashish natijasida kelib chiqadigan qon bosimining pasayishi tufayli hushidan ketish ba'zi bir taxminlarga bog'liq, ammo umuman ko'r-ko'rona mast va umuman beqaror bo'lish bu juda etarli tushuntirishdir. Shunday qilib: kanalda siyish nafaqat gigienik va antisosial, balki sizning ta'siringizda bo'lsa, o'limga olib kelishi mumkin. Iltimos, ichkilik ichadigan yoki tashqi siydik chiqarish joyida ishqalanadigan joyga suring. Agar chindan ham topolmasangiz, buni kanalda emas, balki daraxtga qarshi qiling (jarimaga tortish) (hayotingizni xavf ostiga qo'yish).

Mahallalar

Amsterdamdagi xavfsiz va xavfli mahallalar

Shahar markazi odatda xavfsizdir, ammo mahallalar o'rtasida farqlar mavjud. Leidseplein va Rembrandtplein - Amsterdamning turistik tuzoqlari, shuning uchun narxlar nisbatan yuqori va ko'plab firibgarliklar mavjud. Zeidjk va Warmoesstraat 1970-80 yillarda to'dalar zo'ravonligi va tartibsizliklar uchun obro'ga ega edilar, ammo xavfsizlik bilan bog'liq vaziyat yaxshilandi va endi tashrif buyurish xavfsiz.

Ehtiyot bo'ling Red Light District. Kun davomida u erda har xil odamlar, shu jumladan bolali oilalar atrofida aylanib yurishadi, ammo bu joy quyosh botganidan keyin ko'proq mehmonlarni va beparvolarni jalb qiladi. Turistik nuqta sifatida bu hudud ko'plab cho'ntaklarni jalb qiladi. Fohishalarning fotosuratlarini olmang, siz yoki undan ham yomonroq qichqirasiz. Kechasi Qizil chiroq tumaniga tashrif buyurgan ayollar guruhlari tajovuzkor muhitda o'zlarini tazyiq ostida his qilishlari mumkin, ammo bu politsiya borligi sababli bu eng xavfsiz joy deb aytiladi. Asosiy ko'chalar va guruhlarga boring. Garchi haqiqatan ham xavfli bo'lmasa-da, ayollar Oude Kerk shimolidagi tor yo'ldan qorong'i tushgandan keyin qochishni xohlashlari mumkin, chunki atmosfera juda qo'rqinchli bo'lishi mumkin.

Shahar markazidagi boshqa joylar asosan xavfsiz, ammo yarim tundan keyin deyarli bo'shashishi mumkin, shuning uchun siz u erda kechasi yolg'iz yurishdan saqlanishingiz mumkin. Bu shuningdek, Kalverstraat va Nyvenendik uchun ham amal qiladi, garchi do'konlar tun bo'yi yonib tursa ham.

Tashqi tumanlarda xavfsizlik darajasida chuqur farqlar mavjud. Nieuw-West va Zuidoost hali ham zo'ravonlik va ta'qiblarga oid ko'kargan tasvirga ega. Shaharlarni yangilash loyihalari yaxshilangan sharoitlarga ega, ammo siz hali ham vaziyatdan xabardor bo'lishingiz kerak. Noord yana qo'polroq mahallalarga ega, ammo qishloq joylari xavfsizdir. Oost asosan xavfsiz, ammo Oosterparkning sharqida ba'zi sayohatchilar o'zlarini qulay his qilmasligi mumkin bo'lgan ba'zi mahallalar mavjud. Zuid hatto tunda ham juda xavfsizdir.

Yomon obro'ga ega bo'lgan mahallalar hali ham izlashga loyiq bo'lishi mumkin, ammo kunduzi ehtiyot bo'ling va kechasi qoching. Aksariyat sayyohlar faqat shahar markaziga va Zuidga tashrif buyurganligi sababli, odatiy ehtiyot choralaridan tashqari (masalan, firibgarlar va cho'ntakchalar) ular haqida ko'p tashvishlanmasliklari kerak.

Nasha va boshqa dorilar

Amsterdamga kofe kafelari uchun ko'plab sayyohlar kelishi inkor etilmaydi. Agar siz chekuvchi emassiz va chindan ham buni sinab ko'rishni xohlasangiz, engil narsadan boshlang, och qorni yo'qligiga ishonch hosil qiling va uni boshqa giyohvand moddalar yoki mast qiluvchi moddalar, jumladan spirtli ichimliklar bilan birlashtirmang. O'zingizning tajribasizligingiz to'g'risida qarshi odam bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bo'ling, ular buni hamma vaqt ko'rishadi. Imkoningiz bo'lsa, tajribali odam bilan boring. Quvvatidan qat'i nazar, birinchi tajribangiz avvaliga juda shov-shuv bo'lishi mumkin, ammo intensivligi tezda pasayadi. O'zingizning mehmonxonangizga qaytib, bir necha soat davomida o'zingizni yaxshi his qilguningizcha "teshik" qilishni rejalashtirishni xohlashingiz mumkin. Agar o'zingizni juda kuchli ta'sirga duchor qilsangiz - ko'ngil aynishi, ho'llash yoki hushidan ketish hissi - apelsin sharbati iching yoki pechene yoki konfet kabi yoqimli narsalarni iste'mol qiling va toza havo oling. Gollandiyada etishtirilgan nederwiet (a.k.a. super skunk) tajribali bo'lsangiz ham, kutganingizdan ancha kuchli. THC darajasi 15% gacha bo'lishi mumkin, bu me'yordan ikki baravar ko'pdir.

Sifat turlicha. Sayyohlarga qaratilgan kofe do'konlarida narxlar va sifatsiz mahsulotlar ko'proq uchraydi. Oddiy qoida: agar bu joy yaxshi ko'rinadigan bo'lsa va yaxshi imkoniyat bo'lsa, ularning buyumlari ham yaxshi bo'ladi. Nasha sotib olish va uni iste'mol qilishning umuman iloji yo'q, deb hayajonlanib, kofe do'koniga kirmang: sifatiga e'tibor bering. Qahvaxonalarda faqat marixuana va xash kabi yumshoq giyohvand moddalar sotiladi - boshqa giyohvand moddalarni so'rash befoyda, chunki qahvaxonalar rasmiylar tomonidan diqqat bilan kuzatiladi va ularni sotish uchun qattiq giyohvand moddalar bo'lishidan boshqa narsa ularni tezroq yopib qo'ymaydi.

Ko'chada sizga qattiq giyohvand moddalarni sotishni taklif qilayotganlar sizga murojaat qilishlari uchun ozgina imkoniyat bor, ayniqsa siz Qizil chiroqlar hududidan o'tayotganda. E'tiborsizlik (yoki bunga yo'l qo'ymaslik, qat'iyan rad etish) kifoya - ular sizni xafa qilmaydi. Ko'chada giyohvand moddalarni sotish noqonuniy va ko'pincha xavfli; bundan tashqari, begonalarga sotiladigan dorilar odatda soxta. Sizni mollarni ko'rishga taklif qilishganda, ular sizni tor ko'chaga tortib, o'g'irlashlari mumkin.

Ning ishlatilishi sehrli qo'ziqorinlar 2008 yil dekabridan beri taqiqlangan. Deb nomlangan aqlli ustaxonalar har qanday noqonuniy mahsulotni sotmang, balki bir qator parhez qo'shimchalarini, shu jumladan 'o'simlik ekstazisi' - ekstazi tabletkalari alternativasiga qonuniy urinish, bu pulni ozmi-ko'pmi noaniq psixodel o'tlar bilan to'la isrof qilish va o'zgarishiga qaramay qonun, sehrli qo'ziqorinlarning bir turi. Aynan mana shu ikkinchisi muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi, chunki odamlar ko'pincha o'z kuchlarini past baholaydilar. Sehrli qo'ziqorinlar ozgina jismoniy xavfga ega, ammo juda kuchli qisqa muddatli psixologik ta'sirga ega bo'lishi mumkin, bu o'z fikringizga qarab juda katta yoki juda qayg'uli bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, bo'shashsangiz, jiddiy tashvishlaringiz, tarixingiz ruhiy kasalliklar va boshqalar) va atrofingiz (masalan, o'zingizni qulay va xavfsiz his qilsangiz).

Buni birinchi marta sinab ko'rganingizda har doim notanish shahar ko'chalarida emas, balki tanish va ishonchli muhitda bo'lishingiz kerak. Agar siz sinab ko'rishga qaror qilsangiz, iltimos, avval ma'lumot oling. Ongli orzular, 1994 yilda "aqlli do'kon" kontseptsiyasini ixtiro qilgan kompaniya buni aniq va mas'uliyat bilan bajaradi (mumkin bo'lgan xatarlarni kamaytirmasdan, faqat ba'zi boshqa do'konlar singari ko'proq sotish uchun). Oldindan ham rejalashtiring, qayerda bo'lishingizni o'ylab ko'rganingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Vondelpark, Rembrandtpark yoki Amsterdamse Bos kabi katta istirohat bog'iga borishni tavsiya etamiz, u jim turadi va tirbandlik uchun hech qanday xavf yo'q. Mast bo'lish sizning yoki boshqa birovning xavfsizligiga xavf solmasligiga ishonch hosil qiling. Sotib olishni kofe do'konidan emas, balki aqlli do'konda amalga oshirganingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Ular yaxshiroq tartibga solingan va u erda ishlaydigan xizmatchilar ma'lumot olishlari mumkin. Ular qahvaxonalarga qaraganda sifatli va kuchli quvvatga ega.

Agar qancha ichish kerakligini bilmasangiz, ozgina dozani oling. Shunda siz o'zingizning "bag'rikenglik" darajangizni bilib olasiz. Yomon sayohatlarga uchragan odamlar, o'zlarining bag'rikenglik darajasidan yuqori dozani qabul qiladiganlardir. Hech qachon bitta qo'ziqorin paketidan ko'proq olmang - odatda yarmi birinchi marta foydalidir. Yaxshi aqlli do'kon sizga bu haqda ko'proq ma'lumot berishi mumkin.

Dorixonalar

Markazda, ayniqsa, kech tushdan keyin ochiladigan dorixonani topish hayratlanarli darajada qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. The Leidsestraat Apotheek Leysestraatda har kuni soat 23.00 gacha ochiq. O'zingiz bilan dori-darmonlarni qabul qilishni unutmang. Ba'zi asosiy OTC preparatlarini sotib olish mumkin, masalan. yilda Kruidvat (qulay dorixona) va Albert Xeyn (Supermarket).

Ulanmoq

Internet

Amsterdamda mamlakatning birinchi internet-kafelari ochildi, ammo ular paydo bo'lgandan so'ng tezda g'oyib bo'lishdi. Faqat bir nechta kichik internet-kafelar qolgan Binnenstad. Buning tashqarisida siz telefon do'konlaridan birida omadingizni sinab ko'rishingiz mumkin (belwinkel), Gollandiyadagi muhojirlar jamoalariga xizmat ko'rsatadigan, ammo odatda ularning faqat bitta yoki ikkita terminali mavjud.

Agar siz noutbuk olib kelsangiz, shahardagi ko'plab mehmonxonalar mehmonlar uchun Wi-Fi-ni taklif qiladilar, ammo oldindan xabar berishadi, chunki ba'zi joylar hali ham yuqori narxlarni talab qilishadi, arzon mehmonxonalar va yotoqxonalarda umuman Internet xizmati bo'lmasligi mumkin. Bir nechta tezkor ovqatlanish tarmog'i restoranlari va tobora ko'payib borayotgan kichik kafe va restoranlar mehmonlar uchun bepul Wi-Fi xizmatini taklif qilishadi, lekin odatda siz ichimlik buyurtma qilishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Tezlik va barqarorlik aniq bir joyda farq qiladi. 3G to'liq mavjud va bir nechta provayderlar (shu jumladan KPN va Hi) to'liq 4G Amsterdam uchun qamrov. Boshqa provayderlar o'z qamrovini tezda kengaytirmoqdalar.

Telefon

Niderlandiya uchun mamlakat kodi 31 va Amsterdamning mintaqaviy kodi 020. Agar siz Gollandiyadan qo'ng'iroq qilsangiz, 0 raqamini terishingiz kerak.

To'lov telefonlari tobora kamdan-kam uchraydi, chunki aksariyat odamlar mobil telefonga ega. Shuning uchun pullik telefonlar asosan sayyohlarga xizmat qiladi va ularni sayyohlik zonalari atrofida topish mumkin. Centraal Station-da asosiy kirish joyi yonida oltitadan iborat pullik telefonlar mavjud. Agar pulli telefon orqali mahalliy qo'ng'iroqlarni amalga oshirsangiz, sizga telefon kartasi kerak bo'lishi mumkin (€5 minimal) shuncha yashil KPN telefon stendlari tangalarni qabul qilmaydi. Telefon kartalarini pochta bo'limlaridan va ba'zi delislardan sotib olish mumkin, ammo kartalarni topish tobora qiyinlashmoqda. KPN kabinalari o'rniga tangalarni yana qabul qiladigan yangi modellar almashtirilmoqda. Moviy / to'q sariq Telfort kabinalari tanga va kartalarni ham qabul qiladi.

Agar sizga qo'ng'iroq qilish kerak bo'lsa va pullik telefon, mahalliy telefon yoki mehmonxona telefonidan foydalanish imkoniyati bo'lmasa, eng yaxshisi telefon raqamiga o'ting. telefon do'koni (belwinkel). Telefon do'konlarini butun shahar bo'ylab topish mumkin. Shahar markazidan tashqarida ular asosan o'z vataniga qo'ng'iroq qilayotgan muhojirlarga arzon narxlarda xizmat qilishadi. Shuningdek, Internet orqali Skype kabi qo'ng'iroq xizmatidan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Agar sizda simloksiz Evropa GSM mobil telefoni (GSM 900/1800 tarmoqlari uchun mos) bo'lsa, a sotib oling oldindan to'lanadigan simcard. Siz ularni har qanday elektronika do'konidan sotib olishingiz mumkin va ular ko'pincha KPN telefon kabinasi kartasini sotib olish bilan bir xil narxga ega. Keyin qo'ng'iroq qilish pullik telefonlardan ko'ra ancha arzon va siz mobilsiz.

Engish

Ko'pchilik bag'rikenglik va progressivizm uchun obro'si tufayli Amsterdamga borishni tanlaydi. Niderlandiyada fohishabozlik qonuniy va litsenziyalangan, shuning uchun Amsterdamning ba'zi joylarida derazalardagi fohishabozlik juda yaxshi ko'rinadi. Noqonuniy bo'lsa-da, oz miqdordagi nasha va xashni saqlash va iste'mol qilishga vakolatli shaxslar tomonidan yo'l qo'yilmoqda ( Gedogen). Qahvaxonalarga shaxsiy foydalanish uchun nasha va xashni sotishga ruxsat beriladi va Amsterdamda bu shaharda yuzlab tarqalgan.

Bu Amsterdamda har qanday narsadan xalos bo'lishingizni anglatmaydi. Qanday bo'lmasin, ba'zi turistik tushunchalarga nisbatan jamoatchilik munosabatlari va rasmiy siyosat qattiqlashdi. Qahvaxona do'konlari soni sezilarli darajada kamaydi va yangi qonunlar quritilgan gallyutsinogen qo'ziqorinlarni sotishni taqiqlaydi. Oudezijds Achterburgwal tashqarisidagi derazalardagi fohishabozlik mahalliy hokimiyat tomonidan asta-sekin, ammo aniq yopilmoqda.

Sizning nuqtai nazaringizga qarab, ba'zi odamlar Amsterdamni nomaqbul shahar deb bilishadi, boshqalari esa tinch kayfiyatni tetiklashtiradilar. Agar siz Red Light tumanidan qochsangiz, Amsterdam - bu ajoyib oilaviy manzil.

Amsterdam Gollandiyaning poytaxti bo'lsa ham, elchixonalar joylashgan Gaaga, chunki hukumat u erda joylashgan.

Nashrlar

• Amsterdam nutqi. Amsterdamning kundalik hayoti, uning muhiti va tendentsiyalari aks etgan inglizcha jurnal. 
• Amsterdamdagi vaqt. Shaharda sodir bo'layotgan voqealar uchun oylik Injil. Butun shahar bo'ylab sotib olish mumkin. 
• ^{[o'lik havola]}Uitkrant. Amsterdamda o'tkaziladigan barcha konsertlar, klassik, jazz, estrada va boshqalar, ko'rgazmalar, muzeylar va boshqa madaniy narsalar ro'yxatiga kiritilgan oylik bepul jurnal. Uni shaharning ko'plab joylarida olish mumkin, masalan. Leytsepleyndagi Uitburoda. 

Diniy xizmatlar

• Basiliek van de Heilige Nicolaas, Prins Hendrikkade 73 (tramvay yoki metro Centraal Station), ☏ 31 20 624-8749. Eucharist Su 10:30 (Gollandiya), 13:00 (Ispaniya), Kam massa M W Th Sa 12:30 (Gollandiya), Tu 12:30 (Ingliz tili), F 12:30 (Ispaniya). 
• Begijnhofkapel, Begijnhof 29 (tramvay 1, 2 yoki 5 Spuiga), ☏ 31 20 622-1918. Eucharist M-F 09:00 va 17:00, Sa 09:00, Su 10:00 (barchasi gollandlar) va 11:15 (frantsuzcha). Rasmiy ravishda HH deb nomlanuvchi Begijnhofdagi Rim katolik cherkovi. Johannes en Ursulakapel. 
• De Krijtberg, Singel 448 (tramvay 1, 2 yoki 5 dan Koningspleingacha), ☏ 31 20 623-1923. Eucharist M-Sa soat 12:30, 17:45, dushanba 12:30, 17:15 (barchasi gollandiyaliklar), yuqori massa su 09:30, 11:00 (lotin). Rasmiy ravishda Sankt-Frantsisk Xaveriuskerk. 
• De Papegaay, Kalverstraat 58 (Tramvay 1, 2 yoki 5 Damgacha). Kam massa M-Sa 10:30 (golland), yuqori massa Su 10:30 (lotin), 12:15 (lotin). Rasmiy ravishda HH. Petrus va Pauluskerk. 
• Ingliz islohot cherkovi (Engelse Xervormde Kerk), Begijnhof 48 (tramvay 1, 2 yoki 5 Spuiga), ☏ 31 20 624-9665. Yakshanba kuni ibodat soat 10:30 (Ingliz tili). Shotlandiya vaziri (Presviterian) cherkovi rahbarligidagi islohot qilingan cherkov. Begijnhofdagi ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan jamoat. 
• Barcha xalqlarning xonimi, Diepenbrockstraat 3 (RAI Kongress markazi yaqinida), ☏ 31 20 662-0504. Holy Mass M W F Sa 12:15, Tu: 07:15, Th 18:30, Su 9:30, 11:15 (barchasi golland). Ommaviy vaqt o'zgarishi mumkin. Ishonchli bo'lish uchun qo'ng'iroq qiling. 
• Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk, Keizerzracht 220 (6, 13, 14, 17 tramvay yoki 21, 170, 172-avtobuslar bilan Vestermarktgacha), ✉[email protected]. Holy Mass Sa 19:00 (Gollandiya), Su 11:15 (Gollandiya), 18:00 (Ingliz tili). 
• Oud-Katholieke Kerk Amsterdam, Ruysdaelstraat 39 (16 yoki 24 tramvay bilan Ruysdaelstraat yo'nalishi), ☏ 31 20 662-8313. Eucharist Su 10:00 (Gollandiya). Angliya cherkovi (anglikan) bilan birlikda Gollandiyadagi konfessiya. 
• Muborak Uch Birlikning cherkovi, Zaaiersweg 180 (Brinkstraat tomon 9-tramvay), ☏ 31 20 465-2711. Mass Su 10:30 va 12:00 (ikkalasi ham inglizcha). 

Keyingisi

Niderlandiyaning deyarli har qanday joyiga temir yo'l orqali sayohat qilishdan 3 soat ichida erishish mumkin. Katta ro'yxatdan qochish uchun kunlik sayohatlar shaharga yaqin (jamoat transportida taxminan 30 daqiqa) va uzoqroq turlarga bo'lingan.

Shimoliy Gollandiya

• Alkmaar - pishloq bozori joylashgan tarixiy shaharcha
• Enkhuizen - bilan qiziqarli kichik shaharcha Zuiderzee muzeyi bu odamlar dengizning doimiy xavfi bilan qanday yashaganliklarini ko'rsatadi
• Haarlem - poezdda Amsterdam Centraaldan atigi 15 daqiqada - tarixiy shaharlarga eng yaqin
• Muiden - ilgari Vecht og'zidagi kichik port, u erda Muiderslot, mamlakatning eng taniqli qal'asi
• Naarden - 17-asr istehkomlarining to'liq halqasi bilan o'ralgan
• Hilversum - muhtasham shahar zali bilan mashhur bo'lgan badavlat shahar, shuningdek, o'rmonlar va sog'liqni saqlash joylari bo'ylab velosiped turlarini taklif etadi
• Waterland - velosipedda boradigan go'zal qishloq qishloqlari
• Zaanse Shans - tarixiy shamol tegirmonlari, savdogarlar ustaxonalari va ochiq osmon ostidagi muzey
• Zandvoort - Amsterdamga eng yaqin plyaj kurorti

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• Delft - an'anaviy ko'k va oq keramika bilan mashhur
• Guda - Gouda pishloq va pishloq bozori bilan mashhur bo'lgan tarixiy shahar
• 'Hertogenbosch - karnaval paytida aqldan ozadigan an'anaviy janubiy shahar
• Keukenhof - gullaydigan bog'lar, bahorda mavsumiy diqqatga sazovor joy
• Kinderdijk - Gollandiyadagi qishloqlarni eng yaxshi darajada ko'rsatadigan shamol tegirmonlarining haqiqiy tarmog'i
• Leyden - mamlakatning eng qadimgi universiteti va bir nechta muzeylari bo'lgan jonli talabalar shaharchasi
• Rotterdam - Amsterdam bilan raqobat tarixiga ega va zamonaviy me'morchilik bilan mutlaqo boshqacha atmosferaga ega
• Gaaga - Madurodam, Binnenhof va plyajlar bilan mamlakatning siyosiy yuragi
• Utrext - unchalik ambitsiyatsiz kanal tizimiga ega bo'lgan tarixiy shahar

OXIRI ←	V  E	→ Muiden → Enshed
Groningen ← Almere ←	N  S	→ OXIRI
Alkmaar ← Haarlem ←	N  S	→ Amstelvin → Abcoude
OXIRI ←	N  S	→ Hoofddorp → Rotterdam
Leyvarden ← Zaandam ←	N  S	→ OXIRI
OXIRI ←	N  S	→ Vechtstreek → Arnhem