Nemischa so'zlashuv kitobi - German phrasebook

Shveytsariyada gaplashadigan nemis lahjasi haqida lug'at kitobi uchun qarang Shveytsariya-nemischa so'zlashuv kitobi

Nemis tilida so'zlashadigan joylar.

Nemis (Deutsch) dunyo bo'ylab 100 milliondan ortiq odam gapiradigan nemis tilidir. Bu rasmiy va asosiy tildir Germaniya, Avstriyava Lixtenshteyn. Shuningdek, bu rasmiy tildir Shveytsariya, Lyuksemburg va Belgiyava milliy til Namibiya. Frantsiya mintaqalaridagi ozchiliklar nemis tilida ham gaplashadi Elzas va Lotaringiya, Italiyaning shimoliy viloyatida Janubiy Tirolva janubning kichik qismida Daniya.

Standart nemis (Xoxdeutsch, yoki yuqori nemis tilida) odatda ko'pchilik tomonidan ikkinchi til sifatida gaplashadi Markaziy Evropa, Avstriyaning tarixiy ta'siri tufayli (avvalgisi) ona tilida so'zlashuvchilarning kichik guruhlari bilan Avstriya-Vengriya imperiyasi) va Germaniya mintaqada. Kichkina izolyatsiya qilingan jamoalarni dunyoning boshqa joylarida topish mumkin, garchi ularning tili standart nemis tilidan uzoqroq va boshqa tillardan olingan so'zlar bilan aralashgan bo'lsa ham.

Lahjalar

Nemis tili shevalarining qo'pol bo'linishi.

Nemis tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatlarda juda kuchli aksentual va dialektik farqlar mavjud. Qirq yillik Sharq-G'arb taqsimotiga qaramay, shevalarning Sharqdan G'arbga emas, balki shimoldan janubgacha va izoglossalar (bir xil so'zni aytishning turli xil yo'llarini ajratib turuvchi chiziqlar) miqyosidagi deyarli barcha muhim farqlovchi belgilar deyarli har doim meridianlarga emas, balki parallellarga to'g'ri keladi. Mamlakatning shimolidan va janubidan kelgan nemis bir-birining shevalarini tushunishda katta qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishi mumkin. Standart nemis va janubiy lahjalarning o'ziga xos ajoyib belgisi - bu yuqori nemis tilini boshqa barcha german tillaridan ajratib turadigan "yuqori nemischa undoshlar siljishi" bo'lib, "Apfel" (past nemis tilida Appel, ingliz tilida olma) "Pfirsich" kabi so'zlarni keltirib chiqaradi. (shaftoli) "Kirxe" (cherkov), "machen" (past nemis tilida ishlab chiqarilgan, ingliz tilida ishlab chiqarilgan) yoki "mehribon" (bola, o'ta janubda K va i o'rtasida "ch" ishorasi bilan talaffuz qilingan). past nemis va boshqa barcha german tillarida o'xshash, ammo yuqori nemis tilida boshqacha. Standart nemis yoki Xoxdeutsch, hammaga ma'lum va o'rgatilgan bo'lib, hamma ham yaxshi gapirmasa ham, uni ko'pchilik nemis tilida so'zlashuvchilar tushunishlari mumkin. Yigirmanchi asr davomida Germaniyaning aksariyat qismida "keng" lahjalar ko'plab tahqirlarga duch keldi va ommaviy axborot vositalarining ko'payishi, ijtimoiy va geografik harakatchanligi bilan ko'p odamlar ota-onalari tomonidan biron bir nostandart lahjani o'rgatishmagan va deyarli tengdoshlaridan hech narsa olishmagan. . Biroz "rangli" nemischa hali ham tez-tez uchraydi va mutaxassis kelib chiqish mintaqasini aniq ko'rsatib bera oladi, ammo aloqa odatda bu jihatlarga xalaqit bermaydi. Umuman olganda, janub tomon sayohat qanchalik baland bo'lsa, shevaning standart nutqqa ta'siri shunchalik kengroq bo'ladi, Asosiy daryo shimoliy va janubiy nemis tilida so'zlashadigan madaniy olamlar o'rtasida qo'pol "chegara" bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Tarixiy shevada doimiylikni shakllantirgan Germaniya qo'shni davlatlari o'z tillarini standart nemis tilidan ajratish uchun ikkita yo'ldan birini bosib o'tdilar - Golland va Lyuksemburg misolida mahalliy shevalar nemis bilan chegaralangan o'zaro tushunarli standartga aylandi. Shveytsariyada yuqori darajada nemis tilining (mahalliy ehtiyojlar uchun biroz o'zgartirilgan) shakli saqlanib qolgan, ammo mahalliy lahjalar shu qadar ko'p joy egallaganki, hatto kechki yangiliklar shveytsariyalik nemis tilida intervyu o'tkazishi mumkin - ba'zi shveytsariyaliklar yo'qotilishidan qo'rqishadi standart Germaniyada "shevaning o'limi" emas, nemis tilini bilishadi. Avstriya Shveytsariyaga qaraganda standartga yaqinroq, ammo Germaniyaga qaraganda biroz farq qiluvchi standart va dialektal ishlatilishi bilan o'rta pozitsiyada.

Odatda, Elzas, Baden-Vyurtemberg, Bavariya, Avstriya, Janubiy Tirol va Shveytsariyada uchrashadigan barcha odamlardan standart nemis tilida yaxshi gaplashishini kutish kerak emas, aksincha uning shevasida. Elzasda ko'pchilik odamlar chet elliklar bilan frantsuzcha gaplashishni afzal ko'rishadi va ularning shevalarini nemis deb hisoblamaydilar! Hali ham gaplashadigan dialekt oila va uy uchun juda muhimdir. Elzas aholisi ko'pincha nemislar bilan yuqori nemis tilida gaplashishni xohlamaydilar! Ular o'zaro tushunarli bo'lganligi sababli, ko'pincha Shveytsariya yoki Badendan kelgan odam bilan o'z shevalarida gaplashishni kamroq qoldirishadi.

Germaniyaning shimolida, ba'zi odamlar Germaniya deb nomlangan til bilan gaplashadi Plattdütsch yoki Past nemis (Nemis tilida "Plattdeutsch"). Bu juda o'xshash Golland ayniqsa. Plattning deyarli barcha ma'ruzachilari nemis tilida gaplashadilar.

Shveytsariyada gaplashadigan nemis tilida so'z yuritiladi Schwiizertüütsch (Shveytsariyalik nemis). Mintaqaga qarab shveytsariyalik nemislarning turli navlari mavjud va u ommaviy axborot vositalarida keng qo'llaniladi, ammo yangiliklar translyatsiyalari standart nemis tilida. Dialektlar Germaniya, Avstriya yoki Lixtenshteyn ommaviy axborot vositalarida odatda mintaqaviy dasturlardan tashqari foydalanilmaydi. Shunday qilib, nemis tilida so'zlashadigan dunyoda bu kamdan-kam uchraydi, chunki "Hochdeutsch" Shveytsariyadan tashqarida ommaviy axborot vositalarining ozmi-ko'pmi yagona tili hisoblanadi. Shunga qaramay, barcha nemis tilida so'zlashadigan shveytsariyaliklar maktabda standart nemis tilini o'rganadilar va odatda standart nemis tilida yozadilar, shuning uchun siz hech qachon maktabda bo'lmagan keksa odamga murojaat qilmasangiz, siz standart nemis tilida yaxshi bo'lasiz. Vorarlberg (Avstriya), Baden-Vyurtemberg (Germaniya) va Elzas (Frantsiya) da so'zlashadigan nemis lahjalari shveytsariyalik nemis bilan bog'liq.

Shveytsariya standart nemis (Schweizer Hochdeutsch) shveytsariyalik nemis tiliga o'xshamaydi, lekin Shveytsariyada yozish va rasmiy nutq uchun ishlatiladigan standart nemis tilining bir variantidir. U imlo va lug'at bilan bog'liq bir nechta savollarga ega, ammo aks holda faqat avstriyalik yoki nemischa standart nemis tilidan o'qitilgan ko'zgacha farq qiladi. The ß shveytsariyalik nemis va shveytsariyalik standart nemis tillarida yo'q; "ss" bilan almashtirilmoqda.

Rasmiy nemis o'sha paytda Sharqiy Germaniya ham G'arbiy Germaniyadan ajralib turardi, garchi hech qachon ikki Koreya o'rtasida koreyslar ajralib turadigan darajada (Shimoliy Koreya va Janubiy Koreya hatto o'zlarining rasmiy uzun ismlarida "Koreya" uchun turli xil atamalardan foydalanadilar) "Sharqiy nemischa" so'zlarning ko'pi birlashgandan keyin mavjud bo'lmagan yoki g'arbiy hamkasbi tomonidan almashtirilganligi sababli ishlatilmay qoldi. Dialektlar, xususan, sakson va Berlin-Brandenburg tillari hanuzgacha Sharqiy Germaniya nutqini rang-barang rangga aylantirgan bo'lsa, GDR tangalari endi asosan foydalanilmay kelmoqda va yosh avlodga noma'lum.

Italiyaning Janubiy Tirolida, aksariyat Avstriya, Shveytsariya, Lixtenshteyn va Germaniyaning janubida bo'lgani kabi, ko'pchilik mahalliy lahjada gaplashadi. Biroq, maktablarda standart nemis va italyan tillari o'qitiladi. Janubiy Tirolda gaplashadigan nemis tili shimolda joylashgan qo'shni Avstriya va Bavariya bilan juda o'xshash.

Evropadan tashqarida, nemis lahjasi sifatida tanilgan Pensilvaniya Gollandiyalik Amish jamoati tomonidan tilga olinadi Qo'shma Shtatlar. Shuningdek, etnik nemis hamjamiyati tomonidan nemis lahjasida gaplashadi Namibiya.

Talaffuz bo'yicha qo'llanma

Nemis talaffuzi nisbatan sodda, garchi imlo biroz ko'proq ishtirok etsa ham.

Unlilar

Unlilar uzunligi

Juft undosh ergashganda unli qisqartiriladi.

So'zga qarab unli keyingi 'h' yoki juft unli bilan uzaytiriladi. Istisno "i" dir, u keyingi "e" yoki "eh" bilan uzaytiriladi.

Misollar: h yilda Hahn qiladi a uzoq; The aa yilda Haar ham uzun, the e yilda Qatlam qiladi men uzoq. ("Diftonlar" uchun quyida ko'ring.)

Avstriya va Bavariya lahjasida unli talaffuzlar biroz uzunroq va ravshanroq.

Undoshlar

Undoshlar juda kuchli talaffuz qilinadi (ehtimol "r" dan tashqari).

Umumiy diftonglar va boshqa digraflar

Izoh: bu kombinatsiyalar har doim ham diftong sifatida ishlatilmaydi. Bo'g'in chegaralarida va ba'zida hatto hecada ham ular alohida unli sifatida gapirishadi (masalan.) soeben — zoh-AY-ben)

au

"ow" kabi "qanday"

ae

klaviaturada yoki URL manzillarida mavjud bo'lmasa 'ä' uchun transkriptsiya

ah

"bar" dagi "a" kabi, "a" dan uzunroq.

äu

"bola" dagi "oy" kabi

ei

"sharob" tarkibidagi "i" kabi

yi

"o'g'il" dagi "oy" singari

eh

uzun "e"

ya'ni

"hafta" dagi "ee" kabi, "i" dan uzunroq.

ha

"hafta" dagi "ee" kabi, "i" dan uzunroq, asosan "ya'ni" bilan farq qilmaydi.

oe

klaviaturada yoki URL-larda mavjud bo'lmasa 'ö' uchun transkriptsiya

oh

"qavat" dagi "oo" ga o'xshash

ue

klaviaturada yoki URL manzillarida mavjud bo'lmasa 'ü' uchun transkriptsiya

uh

"yoshlik" dagi "ou" singari ("y" tovushining hech qanday ishoraisiz), "u" dan uzunroq.

"a", "o" va "u" dan keyin

shotlandcha "loch" tilida "ch", tomoqda gapirish, ispan tilida "j" kabi

ch dan keyin "i", "e" va undoshlar

"h" kabi "ulkan" - ko'p nemislar ikkita "ch" tovushini farqli deb bilishmaydi, lekin u erda bu "h" tovushi va "ch" tovushi (lar) orasidagi farq

so'zning boshida ch

"belgi" tarkibidagi "ch" kabi; shimolda u ko'pincha "sh" kabi talaffuz qilinadi (masalan, Xitoy Bavyerada / keena / va Gamburgda)

ck

"blokirovka qilishda" "ck" kabi; garchi ba'zi so'zlar ck oldidan uzun unli bo'lsa - masalan. Meklenburg uzun e bilan to'g'ri talaffuz qilinadi

ng

"qo'shiq aytishda" "ng" kabi, hech qachon "barmoq" ichidagi "ng" kabi

ph

"baliq" tarkibidagi "f" kabi

sch

"qo'y" ichidagi "sh" kabi

so'zning boshida sp

"baliq hovuzidagi" "shp" kabi; o'ta shimolda: sport kabi sp kabi

ss

"sass" dagi "ss" kabi; "ß" dan farqli o'laroq, oldingi unlini qisqaroq qiladi. URL yoki chet el klaviaturalarida "ß" uchun transkripsiya sifatida ishlatiladi.

so'z boshida st

"kul" ichidagi "sht" kabi; o'ta shimolda "st" kabi

Grammatika

Shimoliy Evropadagi ko'plab tillar german tillari oilasiga mansub, garchi nemis grammatikasi o'zi proto-german tilidan ingliz singari boshqa til qarindoshlari tomonidan yo'qolgan ko'plab konjugatsiya va pasayishni saqlaydi. Bu yana bir konservativ german tilining ma'ruzachilariga o'xshashligini anglatadi Islandcha nemis grammatikasining ko'p jihatlarini tanish topadi.

Ko'pgina boshqa Evropa tillari bilan umumiy ravishda nemis tilida "siz" fe'l shakllari mavjud, ular ma'ruzachining boshqa birov bilan munosabatini bildiradi. Tanishlikni ifoda etish uchun du shakl; rasmiyatchilik uchun Sie shakl. Umumiy qoida sifatida Sie forma birovga "xonim" yoki "janob" deb murojaat qilishi mumkin bo'lgan hollarda ishlatiladi. Agar ism atamalarida bo'lsa, du shakl. Biroq, familiya va "du" va ism va "Sie" umuman eshitilmaydi, ayniqsa ba'zi kasblar nuqtai nazaridan. Agar suhbatdoshingiz sizga "du" dan foydalanishga ruxsat bermasa (duzen), "Sie" dan foydalaning - nemislar umuman olganda do'stona manzil sharoitlariga nisbatan ehtiyotkorlik bilan munosabatda bo'lishadi - aytaylik - amerikaliklar va ba'zi odamlar bir idorada 20 yil va undan ko'proq vaqt ishlashiga qaramay, bir-birlariga "Sie" bilan murojaat qilishadi.

Nemischa ismlar 3 xil jinsga bo'linadi: erkak, ayol va neytral. Ismning maqolasi jinsga bog'liq: der (m), o'lmoq (f) va das (n). Ingliz tilidan farqli o'laroq, jonsiz narsalarga ko'pincha o'zboshimchalik bilan jins tayinlangan; masalan, Tish (jadval) erkak, Tür (eshik) ayol, esa Tor (eshik) neytral hisoblanadi. Odamni ko'rsatadigan jinsdagi ismlar odatda ularning tabiiy jinsiga to'g'ri keladi (masalan G'ichirlash (ona) ayol va Vater (ota) erkak), ba'zi istisnolar mavjud. Buni bekor qiladigan grammatik qoidaga kichraytiruvchi narsa kiradi -chen neytral natijaga olib keladigan ismning oxiri. (masalan Mädchen (qiz) aslida neytral va siz kutgandek ayol emas).

Uchinchi shaxs olmoshlari sub'ektning grammatik jinsiga ham bog'liq: er (m), sie (f) va es (n). Ammo, agar siz noto'g'ri jinsdan foydalansangiz, odatda siz tushunasiz, chunki jinsga qarab turli xil narsalarni anglatadigan bir nechta (tushunarsiz) ismlar mavjud va ularning to'g'ri ma'nosi har doim kontekstdan aniq bo'ladi.

Bundan tashqari, nemischa ismlar rad etilgan. To'rt grammatik holat mavjud: nominativ (predmet), ayblov (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ob'ekt), genitiv (egalik) va kelishik (bilvosita ob'ekt). Ularning har biri ismning jinsiga va birlik yoki ko'plik bo'lishiga qarab farq qiladi.

Misolda,

Ich gebe dem Mann den Apfel der Frau.

- Men erkakka ayolning olmasini beraman.

The Dativ maqola ism bilan ataladi Mann imzo chekmoq kimga Men olma beraman, esa Akkusativ maqola ism bilan ataladi Apfel imzo chekmoq nima Men beraman va genetik maqola ism bilan ataladi Frau imzo chekmoq kimning olma beraman.

Umumiy nutqda, xususan, ba'zi bir lahjalarda, holatlar, xususan, Genitiv - "yo'qolib ketish" yoki prescriptivist tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan "noto'g'ri" deb hisoblanadigan usullar bilan berilishga moyil. Genitivni Dativ va "sein" (bu holda egalik ma'nosi "uning" yoki "uning") yoki "ihr" ("uning" ma'nosini anglatadi) bilan almashtirish, ayniqsa keng tarqalgan hodisa. Nemis tilining pasayishi (taxmin qilingan yoki real) bo'yicha mashhur asar shu tariqa ingliz tilida "Dative - bu uning o'limiga sababchi" deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin bo'lgan "Der Dativ ist dem Genitiv sein Tod" deb nomlangan.

Barcha ismlar, siz uchun Sie so'zi bilan birga, har doim ham jumla o'rtasida bosh harf bilan boshlanadi. Bu ba'zi bir fe'llarni va narsalarni farqlashning muhim usuli. Bundan tashqari, u o'qishni osonlashtiradi, garchi yozma fe'l yoki sifatning substantivlashtirilgan shaklda ishlatilishini bilish zarurati bilan murakkablashsa.

Bayonot jumlalari odatda ingliz tiliga o'xshash boshqa ko'plab qoidalar bilan bir qatorda mavzu-fe'l-ob'ekt tuzilishiga amal qiladi. Hozirgi zamon va hozirgi doimiy, ammo sukut bo'yicha farqlanmaydi; so'zni qo'shish kerak gerade yoki jetzt harakatning hozir yuz berayotganligini aniq ko'rsatish.

Ich esse (nicht) den roten Apfel

"Men qizil olma yeyman (emas)."

Savolli jumlalarda, struktura odatda (savol so'zi) -verb-mavzu-ism bo'ladi.

Essen Sie bo'lganmi?

Siz nima yeysiz?

Essen Sie den roten Apfel?

Siz qizil olma yeyapsizmi?

Odamlarga murojaat qilish

Odatiy bo'lib, kattalar uchun notanish va yuqori lavozimli shaxslarga murojaat qilish talab qilinadi Sie, agar ular aniq ishlatilmasa du siz bilan gaplashayotganda. Ikkinchisi odatda yaqin do'stlar, bolalar va oila a'zolari va yoshi kattalar uchun saqlanadi.

Herr (pl., Herren)

erkaklar uchun (ingliz tilida Misterga teng). E'tibor bering, bu so'z "xo'jayin, egasi, hukmdori, janoblari, janob" degan ma'noni anglatadi va shuningdek, nasroniy Xudoga murojaat qilish shaklidir (inglizcha ekvivalenti: Lord).

Frau (pl., Frauen)

ayollar uchun (ingliz tilida xonim va xonimga teng). E'tibor bering, bu so'z "ayol" va "xotin" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Dam (pl. Damen) (DAH-me, YO'Q deim)

ayollar / ayol uchun xushmuomala nemischa so'z. "Xonimlar va janoblar" salomini tarjima qiling "meine Damen und Herren".

Atama Fraylayn so'zma-so'z inglizchada Miss degan ma'noni anglatadi, endi eskirgan va hatto kamsitilgan deb hisoblanadi.

Nemislar ilmiy darajalarini juda yaxshi ko'rishgani uchun doktorlik darajasiga ega bo'lgan yoki shifokor sifatida Shmidt chaqiriladi Herr doktor Shmidt. Ushbu so'z gapirishdan ko'ra xat yozishda tez-tez uchrab turadigan bo'lsa-da, yuqori lavozimli odam bilan uchrashuvda ular o'zlarini tanishtirsa yoki shunday tanishtirilsa kutiladi.

So'zlar ro'yxati

Quyidagi iboralar standart nemis tiliga tegishli bo'lib, odatda nemis tilida so'zlashadigan dunyoda yaxshi tushuniladi. So'zlarning mahalliy o'zgarishi (masalan, Avstriya yoki Germaniyaning muayyan hududlari bilan cheklangan) zarur bo'lganda ko'rsatiladi. Ga qarang Shveytsariya-nemischa so'zlashuv kitobi so'zlashadigan mahalliy xilma-xillik uchun Shveytsariya.

Asoslari

Xayrli kun (rasmiy)

Guten Tag. (GOO-o'n tahk)

Salom (norasmiy)

Salom
Izoh: Shimoliy Germaniyada mahalliy aholi bir-birlarini salomlashadi Moin, Moin (MOH-een MOH-een). Bavariya va Avstriyada ular foydalanadilar Servus (S-AIR-vus) yoki Gruss Gott (GREW-SS gaw-t). Shveytsariyada ular foydalanadilar Gruezi (GREW-tsee).

Qalaysiz? (norasmiy)

Wie geht's? (Geyts?) salomlashish shakli emas, balki haqiqiy savol sifatida ishlatiladi.

Qalaysiz? (rasmiy)

Vie geht es Ihnen? ("Vee gate s eenen?")

Yaxshi rahmat.

Ichak, danke. (echki, DAN-keh)

Ismingiz nima? (rasmiy)

Vie heißen Sie? (vee HIGH-sun zee?)

Ismingiz nima? (norasmiy)

Vie heißt du? (vee HIGHST doo?)

Mening ismim ______ .

Ichki ishlar ______. (eesh HIGH-suh): Mein nomi ist _____. (meniki NAM-uh ist)

Tanishganimdan xursandman. (rasmiy)

Nett, Sie kennen zu lernen. (net zee KEN-en tsoo LER-nen)

Tanishganimdan xursandman. (norasmiy)

Nett, dich kennen zu lernen. (net deesh KEN-en tsoo LER-nen)

Iltimos.

Bitte. (BEE-tuh)

Rahmat.

Danke schön. (DAN-kuh shurn)

Rahmat.

Danke. (DAN-kuh)

Salomat bo'ling.

Bitte schön! (BEE-tuh shurn)

Ha.

Ja. (yah)

Yo'q

Nein. (to'qqiz)

Kechirasiz. (e'tiborni jalb qilish)

Entschuldigen Sie. (ent-SHOOL-dee-gun zee)

Kechirasiz. (kechirim so'rab)

Entschuldigung. (ent-SHOOL-dee-goong)

Uzr so'rayman.

Es tut mir leid. (es toot meer lite)
Yoqilgan: Bu menga qayg'u keltiradi.

Xayr. Salomat bo'ling

Auf Wiedersehen. (owf VEE-dur-zane)

Xayr (norasmiy)

Tsxüss (CHUS)

Men seni sevaman (oilaviy / platonik)

Ich habe dich lieb. (eesh hab-uh di-eesh leeb)

Men seni sevaman (romantik)

Ich liebe dich. (eesh leeb-uh taom)

Men nemis tilida gapira olmayman (yaxshi).

Ich kann nicht [so gut] deutsch sprechen. (eesh kahn nikht [zo goot] doytsh shprekhen) yaxshiroq: Ich spreche kein deutsch (eesh spreh-khuh kine doitsh)

Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi? (rasmiy)

Sprechen Sie inglizchami? (shprekhun zee ENG-leesh)

Bu erda ingliz tilini biladigan odam bormi?

Gibt es hier jemanden, der englisch spricht? (geept es heer yeh-MAHN-dun dare ENG-leesh shprikht)

Yordam bering!

Hilfe! (HEEL-fuh)

Xayrli tong.

Guten Morgen. (GOO-tun MOR-gun)

Hayrli kech.

Guten Abend. (GOO-tun AH-bunt)

Hayrli tun.

Schönen Abend noch. (shur-nun AH-bunt nox)

Hayrli tun (uxlamoq)

Gute Nacht. (GOO-tuh nakht)

Tushunmayapman.

Ich verstehe das nicht. (eesh fur-SHTAY-uh dahs nikht)

Tualet qani, iltimos?

Tualetda o'tirasizmi, bitte? (voh eest dee twah-LET-uh BEE-tuh)

Bajonidil.

Gerne (GERR-yo'q)

Bilasizmi ... qaerda ?. (rasmiy)

Vissen Sie, voy ... istmi? (VEE-sun zee voh ... eest)

Muammolar

Germaniyada qizil rangni qidiring A dorixona uchun belgi.

Meni tinch qo'y.

Ruxdagi Lass / Lassen Sie mich. (LAHS (-un zee) meen een ROO-uh)

Menga tegmang!

Fass / Fassen Sie mich nicht an! (FAHS (-un zee) meesh neekt AHN!)

Men politsiyaga telefon qilaman.

Ich rufe die Polizei. (eesh ROO-fuh dee poh-lee-TSIGH)

Politsiya!

Polizei! (poh-Lee-TSIGH!)

To'xta! O'g'ri!

Salom! Eyn Dieb! (HAHLT! yaxshi DEEB!)

Men yordamingizga muhtojman.

Ich brauche deine / Ihre Hilfe. (eesh BROW-huh DIGH-nuh / EE-ruh HEEL-fuh)

Bu favqulodda.

Das ist ein Notfall. (dahs eest ighn NOHT-fahl)

Yo'qolib Qoldim.

Ich habe mich beradirt. (eesh HAH-buh meesh fer-EERT)

Men sumkamni yo'qotib qo'ydim.

Ichki ishlar to'g'risida. (eesh HAH-buh migh-nuh TAH-shuh fer-LOH-run)

Men hamyonimni yo'qotib qo'ydim.

Ichki ishlar Portemonnaie tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. (eskirgan) (eesh HAH-buh mighn port-moh-NEH fer-LOH-run)
Eslatma: Portemonnaie kelib chiqishi frantsuz, ammo nemis tilida odatiy. Talaffuz frantsuz tiliga mos keladi, garchi dialektal ohang eshitilmagan bo'lsa ham.
yaxshiroq: Ich habe meinen Geldbeutel verloren. (eesh HAH-buh mighn geh-ld-boy-tehl fer-LOH-run)
Avstriyada yaxshiroq: Ich habe meine Geldtasche verloren. (eesh HAH-buh miney geh-ld-ta-chee fer-LOH-run)

Men kasalman.

Ich bin krank qildi. (eesh krahnk edi)

Men jarohat oldim.

Ich bin verletzt. (eesh fer-LETST bo'ldi)

Menga shifokor kerak.

Ich brauche einen Arzt. (BROW-huh IGH-nuh ARTST)

Telefoningizdan foydalansam bo'ladimi?

Kann ich dein / Ihr Telefon benutzen? (qann eesh dighn / eer tay-lay-FOHN buh-NOOT-sun?)

Sizning mobil telefoningizdan foydalansam bo'ladimi?

Kann ich dein / Ihr Handy benutzen? (kahn eesh dighn / eer handy buh-NOOT-sun?)

Shifokorda

Doktor

(m) Arzt (ARTST), (f) zrztin (ARTS-qalay)

Hamshira

Krankenschvester (KRAHNK-ken-shwe-ster)

Kasalxona

Krankenxaus (KRAHNK-ken-haus)

Dori

Medizin (ME-di-tsin)

Favqulodda yordam xonasi (ER) / avariya va favqulodda vaziyat (A&E)

Notaufnahme (Auf-nah-me emas)

Dorixona / dorixona / kimyogarlar

Apoteka (Ah-po-TE-ke)

Men kasalman.

Ich bin krank qildi. (eekh BEEN krahnk)

Menga zarar yetdi.

Ich bin verletzt. (eesh fer-LETST bo'ldi)

Men sovuq / issiq his qilyapman

Mir ist heiß / kalt (MEER ist HAISS / KALT)
Izoh: Yoqilgan: Men uchun u issiq / sovuq. Oddiy qilib aytganda Ich bin heiß / kalt sizning shaxsingizda issiq yoki sovuq odam ekanligingizni anglatadi.

Mening _____ og'riyapti

Mein (e) ____ tut weh. (MAYN (ne) ____ toot weh)

Alamli

schmerzhaft (SHMERts-hahft)

Kasal / noqulay

krank (KRAHNK)

Qichima / qichishish

jekend (YUK-oxir)

Shishgan

geschwollen (ge-SHWOL-len)

Achchiq

wund (VOOND)

Qon ketishi

blutend (BLOO-tend)

Bosh aylanishi

schwindelig (SHUIN-de-lig)

Yutdi

verschlucken (ver-SCHLUK-ken)

Isitma

Fiber (FEE-ber)

Yutalish

husten (XOOS-o'n)

Hapşırma

niesen (NEE-sen)

Diareya

Durchfall (DOO-eekh-fall)

Kusish

brechen (BREH-tovuq)

Sovuq / gripp

Grippe (GREEP-pe)

Kesilgan / yaralangan

Vunde (VUON-de)

Yonish

Brendvund (BRAND-woon-de)

Suyak sinishi

Knochenbruch (K'NO-khen-bruk)

Raqamlar

Xarid qilishda qancha pul to'lashni biling.

Nemis tilida nuqta va vergul rollari ingliz tilidagi hamkasblari bilan taqqoslaganda almashtiriladi, ko'p sonli guruhlash ajratuvchisi vergul (,) emas, nuqta (.) Dir; o‘nli kasrlar va butun son orasidagi ajratuvchi nuqta (.) emas, balki vergul (,).

Yigirmadan yuqori raqamlar "orqaga" deyiladi. Yigirma bir (einundzvanzig) so'zma-so'z "bir-yigirma" deb aytiladi. Bunga biroz ko'nikish kerak, ayniqsa yuqori mintaqalarda. Masalan. 53.426 (dreiundfünfzigtausendvierhundertsechsundzwanzig) "uch-ellik ming-to'rt yuz olti-yigirma" deb nomlanadi. Mahalliy ingliz tilida so'zlashuvchilar "To'rt va yigirma qora qushlar" bolalar bog'chasi, shuningdek ba'zi eski adabiyotlar (masalan, Sherlok Xolms) ushbu konvensiyadan o'rta asr ingliz tilidan foydalanganligini ta'kidlashlari mumkin.

Ingliz tilidan farqli o'laroq, nemis kattaroq raqamlar uchun uzoq shkaladan foydalanadi, shuning uchun eine milliard va eine Trillion inglizcha "bir milliard" va "bir trillion" bilan bir xil emas.

0

null (bekor)

1

enlar (ignss)

2

zwei (tsvigh) yoki zwo (tsuoo) uchi uchun drei bilan ajratish.

3

drei (quruq - inglizcha so'zga o'xshaydi quruq)

4

vier (qo'rquv - inglizcha so'zga o'xshaydi qo'rquv)

5

fünf (fuunf)

6

sechs (zehlar)

7

sieben (ZEE-ben)

8

acht (ahht)

9

neun (noyn)

10

zehn (tsayn)

11

elf (elf)

12

zwölf (tsvoolf)

13

dreizehn (YANGI-tsayn)

14

vierzehn (FEER-tsayn)

15

fünfzehn (FUUNF-tsayn)

16

sechzehn (ZEKH-tsayn)

17

siebzehn (ZEEP-tsayn)

18

axtzehn (AHKH-tsayn)

19

neunzehn (NOYN-tsayn)

20

zwanzig (TSVAHN-tsig)

21

eynundzwanzig (IGHN-oont-tsvahn-tsig)

22

zweiundzwanzig (TSVIGH-oont-tsvahn-tsig)

23

dreiundzwanzig (DRIGH-oont-tsvahn-tsig)

30

dreißig (YANGI-sig)

40

vierzig (FEER-tsig)

50

fünfzig (FUUNF-tsig)

60

sechzig (ZEKH-tsig)

70

siebzig (ZEEP-tsig)

80

achtzig (AHKH-tsig)

90

neunzig (NOYN-tsig)

100

(ein) hundert ([ighn] -HOON-dert)

121

(ein) hunderteinundzwanzig ([ighn] -HOON-dert-IGHN-oont-tsvahn-tsig

200

zweihundert (TSVIGH-hoon-dert)

300

dreihundert (DIGHT-hoon-dert)

1000

(ein) tausend ([ighn] -TOW-zent)

2000

zweitausend (TSVIGH-tortish-zent)

1,000,000

eine Million (igh-nuh tegirmon-YOHN).
Shuningdek, 1 Miogacha qisqartirildi.

1,000,000,000

eine Milliarde (igh-nuh tegirmon-YAR-duh)
Shuningdek, 1 Milgacha qisqartirildi.

1,000,000,000,000

eine milliard (juda-yu qonun-YOHN)

raqam _____ (poezd, avtobus va boshqalar.)

Nummer / Linie _____ (NOO-mer / LEE-nee-uh)

yarmi

halb (hahlp)

yarmi

vafot Hälfte (dee HELF-tuh)

Ozroq

veniger (VAY-nihg-er)

Ko'proq

mehr (may)

Oddiy sonlar

Tartib raqamlari uchun yozuv - bu nuqta va undan keyin ism keladigan son. 1 dan 19 gacha bo'lgan barcha raqamlar -te qo'shimchasini ishlatadi.

birinchi

erste / 1. (ayr-sta)

ikkinchi

zweite / 2. (tsvigh-ta)

uchinchisi

dritte / 3. (dri-ta)

to'rtinchi

vierte / 4. (feer-ta)

beshinchi

fünfte / 5. (fuunf-ta)

o'ninchi

zehnte / 10. (TSAYN-ta)

o'n birinchi

elfte / 11. (ELF-ta)

yigirmanchi

zwanzigste / 20. (TSVAHN-tsikhs-ta)

19-dan yuqori barcha raqamlar -ste bilan tugaydi; 01 dan 19 gacha tugaydigan raqamlar hali ham yuqorida aytib o'tilgan qoidadan foydalanadi.

Vaqt

hozir

jetzt (hali emas)

keyinroq

har xil (SHPET-er)

oldin

vor (uchun)

ertalab

Morgen (MOR-gen)

ertalabda

morgens (MOR-gens)

ertaga ertalab

morgen früh (MOR-gen FRUU)

tushdan keyin

Nachmittag (NAHKH-mit-tahk)

tushdan keyin

nachmittags (NAHKH-mit-tahks)

oqshom

Abend (AH-egilgan)

kechqurun

bekor qilish (AH-egilgan)

kecha

Nacht (nahxht)

tunda

nachts (naxxts)

Soat vaqti

Nemis tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatlarda aniqlik muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi!

Ko'pgina boshqa Evropa mamlakatlaridagi kabi nemis tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatlarda odatdagidek 0,00 dan 24,00 gacha bo'lgan 24 soatlik soatni ishlatish kerak. Yaxshi, 24.00 aslida 0.00 bilan bir xil, ammo bir kundan keyin. Ammo suhbatda 12 soatlik formatdan ham foydalaniladi, chunki kunning qaysi vaqti kelganini tushunsa.

soat birda (01:00)

ehr Uhr (IGHN yoki)

soat ikkida (02:00)

zwei Uhr (TSVIGH, yoki)

peshin (12:00)

zwölf Uhr yoki Mittag (TSVOOLF yoki MIT-tahk)

soat birda (13:00)

dreizehn Uhr (YANGI-tsayn oor)

soat ikkida (14:00)

vierzehn Uhr (FEER-tsayn oor)

yarim tunda (00:00 yoki 24:00)

Mitternaxt yoki null Uhr yoki vierundzwanzig Uhr (MIT-er-nahht yoki YO'Q yoki FEER-oont-TSVAHN-tsikh oor)

Vaqtni soat va daqiqa bilan eslatish ingliz anjumanidan farq qilmaydi. Quyidagi istisnolarni ko'ring.

sakkiz oh bitta AM yoki sakkiz sakkizdan bir (08:01)

acht Uhr eins (AKHT yoki IGHNS) yoki eins nach acht (IGHNS nax AKHT)

Etti ellik to'qqiz PM yoki birdan sakkizgacha (19:59)

neunzehn Uhr neunundfünfzig (noin-ZEEN yoki Fünf-und-noin-TSIG) yoki eins vor acht (TSVAN-tsig uchun IGHNS) ("eins vor zwanzig" unidiomatik ko'rinadi)

"Kesirli soatlarni" ifodalash turli mintaqalar orasida bir oz farq qiladi. Buning "odatiy" usuli:

• Birdan o'tgan chorak (01:15) - Viertel nach eins yoki Viertel zwei
• Bir yarim (01:30) - Halb zwei (yarim yarim)
• Chorakdan ikkitagacha (01:45) - Viertel vor zwei yoki Dreiviertel zwei

So'nggi shakl Sharqiy Germaniya, Bavariya va Avstriyada keng tarqalgan, garchi birinchisi hamma uchun tushunarli bo'lsa-da, ammo buzilishlarsiz. Ushbu hududlardan tashqarida ko'pchilik oxirgi shaklni tushunishda qiynalmoqda. Odatda sizni tushunmaydigan nemislar so'raydilar va raqamni aytadilar (11:45 "elf Uhr fünfundvierzig") chalkashliklarni chetlab o'tishlari aniq, garchi bu biroz qoqilgan va byurokratik tuyulishi mumkin.

Vaqt so'rash uchun:

Soat nechi bo'ldi?

Wie spät is es? (Biz SPAETni eslaymizmi?)
Wie viel Uhr ist es? (Wee VEEL Ur ist es?)

Muddati

_____ daqiqa (lar)

_____ daqiqa (n) (mih-NOO-tuh [mih-NOO-ten])

_____ soat (lar)

_____ Stunde (n) (SHTOON-duh [SHTOON-den)

_____ kun (lar)

_____ teg (e) (TAHK [TAH-guh])

_____ hafta (lar)

_____ Woche (n) (VOKH-uh [VOKH-uz])

_____ oy (lar)

_____ oy (e) (MOH-naht [moh-NAH-tuh])

_____ yil (lar)

_____ Jahr (e) (YAHR [-uh])

_____ yilda

Im Jahr _____ (im YAHR _____) (shuningdek: _____ (boshqa saralashlarsiz o'tkaziladigan yil)) Ba'zan eskirgan tugatish "im Jahre ..." qilishda ishlatiladi, bu biroz eskirgan va g'alati tuyuladi.

Kunlar

Bugun

heute (HOY-tuh)

Avvalgi kun

g'arbiy (FOR-gess-tern)

kecha

g'arbiy (Gess-tern)

ertaga

morgen (MOR-gen)

ertadan keyin

übermorgen (uuber-MOR-gen)

bu hafta

diz Voch (DEE-zuh VOH-huh)

o'tgan hafta

letcha Voch (LETS-tuh VOH-huh)

o'tgan haftadan bir hafta oldin

vorletzte Woche (for-LETS-tuh VOH-huh)

Keyingi hafta

nychste Woche (NEX-tuh VOH-huh)

keyingi haftadan keyingi hafta

übernächste Woche (uuber-NEX-tuh VOH-huh)

Hafta dushanba kuni Germaniyada boshlanadi deb hisoblanadi.

Dushanba

Montag (MON-tahk)

Seshanba

Dienstag (DEENS-tahk)

Chorshanba

Mittvoch (MIT-vok)

Payshanba

Donnerstag (DON-ers-tahk)

Juma

Freitag (FRIGH-tahk)

Shanba

Samstag (ZAMS-tahk), ba'zi mintaqalarda, ayniqsa Shimoliy, "Sonnabend" (ZON-ah-egilgan)

yakshanba

Sonntag (ZON-tahk)

Oylar

Avliyoning Karintiya shtatidagi Moderndorfdagi Aziz Martin cherkovi (Filialkirche hl. Martin), masofada 2119 metrli Spitsegel bor.

Yanvar

Yanuar (YAH-noo-ahr), Avstriyada "Yanner" (YH-nna)

fevral

Februar (FAY-broo-ahr.), Avstriyada "Feber" (FAY-ber)

Mart

März (mehrts)

Aprel

Aprel (ah-PRILL)

May

May (katta)

Iyun

Juni (YOO-nee)

Iyul

Juli (YOO-Lee)

Avgust

Avgust (ow-GOOST)

Sentyabr

Sentyabr (zep-TEM-ber)

Oktyabr

Oktyabr (ok-TOH-ber)

Noyabr

Noyabr (no-VEM-ber)

Dekabr

Dezember (kun-TSEM-ber)

Vaqt va sana formati

Soat vaqtida soat va minutlar '' bilan ajratiladi. ":" o'rniga, ikkinchisi ham keng qo'llaniladi. Yana bir usul - ko'tarilgan daqiqalarni eksponent kabi yozish.

Sana har doim buyurtma kuni, oyi, yili bilan yoziladi, masalan. 12/10/2003 nemis tilida. 10.12.2003.10.12 2003 yil 10-nemis tilida.

2000 yildan oldingi yillar quyidagicha talaffuz qilinadi: 1957 neunzehn-hundert-sieben-und-fünfzig (bu erda faqat aniqlik uchun, bu bitta so'z sifatida yozilgan bo'lar edi, yozilganda, so'zma-so'z tarjima o'n to'qqiz yuzga teng bo'ladi) yetti-ellik) 2000 yildan keyingi yillar shu kabi talaffuz qilinmoqda: 2014 yil zwei-tausend-vierzehn (yana bitta so'z sifatida yozilgan bo'lsa, so'zma-so'z tarjima ikki ming-o'n to'rtta bo'ladi)

Xurmo har doim tartib son kabi o'qiladi. U yolg'iz turganda, tartib soniga -r qo'shimchasini qo'shing; Nemislar, shuningdek, oylarni ko'pincha raqamlar bilan tilga olishadi (ya'ni 1 yanvar = erster erster yoki der erste erste). Sana gapning bir qismi sifatida ishlatilganda (masalan, biz 1-may kuni uchamiz), a dativ case chaqiriladi, unda tartib sonidan keyin -n qo'shimchasini qo'shishingiz kerak (ya'ni Wir fliegen am ersten Mai).

Ranglar

qora

schwarz (shvahrts)

oq

weiß (vitse) - "miami vitse" dagi kabi

kulrang

grau (grou) - "sigir" bilan qofiyalar

qizil

chirigan (roht)

ko'k

blau (gullash) - "sigir" bilan qofiyalar

sariq

gelb (gelp)

green

grün (gruun)

orange

orange (oh-RAHNGSH)

siyohrang

purpurrot (PURR-purr-rhot), violett (veeo-lett) or lila (LEE-lah)

pushti

rosa (ROH-zah) or rosarot (ROH-zah-roht)

brown

braun (brown)

silver

silber (zsil-bur)

oltin

gold (oltin)

light -

hell- (jahannam) as in hellblau

dark -

dunkel- (dune-kel) as in dunkelblau

Transportation

Bus and Train

Pay attention to the signboards for which platform your train is departing from.

_____ chiptasi qancha? (bus, train)

Was kostet eine Fahrkarte nach _____? (vass KOSS-tet igh-nuh FAHR-kahr-tuh nahkh _____?)

_____ chiptasi qancha? (airplane)

Was kostet ein Ticket nach _____? (vass KOSS-tet ighn TICK-et nahkh _____?)

_____ ga bitta chipta, iltimos. (bus, train)

Bitte eine Fahrkarte nach _____. (BIT-tuh IGH-nuh FAHR-kahr-tuh nahkh _____)

_____ ga bitta chipta, iltimos. (airplane)

Bitte ein Ticket nach _____. (BIT-tuh ighn TICK-et nahkh _____)

Ushbu poezd / avtobus qayerga boradi?

Wohin fährt dieser Zug/Bus? (voh-hin FEHRT dee-zer TSOOK/BOOSS?)

_____ gacha bo'lgan poezd / avtobus qayerda?

Wo ist der Zug/Bus nach _____? (VOH ist dayr TSOOK/BOOSS nahkh _____?)

Does this train/bus stop in/at _____?

Hält dieser Zug/Bus in/bei_____? (helt DEE-zer TSOOK/BOOSS in/by _____?)

_____ uchun poezd / avtobus qachon jo'nab ketadi?

Wann fährt der Zug/Bus nach _____ ab? (VAHN FEHRT der tsook/booss nahkh _____ ap?)

Ushbu poezd / avtobus qachon _____ ga etib keladi?

Wann kommt dieser Zug/Bus in _____ an? (vahn KOMT dee-zer TSOOK/BOOSS in _____ ahn?)

On which platform is the bus/train to _____ departing from?

Auf welchem Gleis fährt der Zug/Bus nach _____ ab? (auf VEL-khem GLAIS fehrt der tsook/booss nahkh _____ ap?)

Yo'nalishlar

Men ... ga qanday borsam bo'ladi _____ ? (cities)

Wie komme ich nach _____ ? (vee KOM-muh ikh nahkh _____?)

Men ... ga qanday borsam bo'ladi _____ ? (places, streets)

Wie komme ich zum/zur _____ ? (vee KOM-muh ikh tsoom/tsoor _____?)

... temir yo'l stantsiyasi?

...zum Bahnhof? (tsoom BAHN-hohf?)

...the bus station / bus stop?

...zum Busbahnhof / zur Bushaltestelle? (tsoom BOOSS-BAHN-hohf/tsoor BOOSS-hahl-tuh-shteh-luh?)

... aeroportmi?

...zum Flughafen? (tsoom FLOOG-hah-fen?)

... shahar markazida?

...zur Stadtmitte? (tsoor SHTUT-mit-tuh)

... yoshlar yotoqxonasi?

...zur Jugendherberge? (tsoor YOO-gent-hayr-bayr-guh)

... _____ mehmonxonami?

...zum _____ Hotel? (tsoom _____ hoh-TELL)

... Amerika / Kanada / Avstraliya / Britaniya konsulligi?

...zum amerikanischen/kanadischen/australischen/britischen Konsulat? (tsoom ah-mayr-ih-KAHN-ish-en/kah-NAH-dish-en/ous-TRAH-lish-en/BRIT-ish-en kon-zoo-LAHT?)

Qaerda juda ko'p ...

Wo gibt es viele... (?) (VOU gipt ess FEE-luh...)

... mehmonxonalarmi?

...Hotels? (hoh-TELLSS)

... restoranlarmi?

...Restaurants? (rest-oh-RAHNTS?)

...Bars?

(bahrss?)

... bar? (pub)

...Kneipen? (KNIGH-pen?) (pronounce the K)

... ko'rish uchun saytlarmi?

...Sehenswürdigkeiten? (ZAY-ens-vuur-dikh-kigh-ten?)

Xaritada ko'rsatib berasizmi?

Kannst du/Können Sie mir das auf der Karte zeigen? (kahnst doo/KOON-en zee meer dahss ouf dayr KAHR-tuh TSIGH-gen?)

street, road

Straße (SHTRAH-suh)

left

links (links)

to'g'ri

rechts (rekhts)

Chapga buriling.

Links abbiegen. (LINKS AHP-bee-gen)

O'ng tomonga buriling.

Rechts abbiegen. (REKHTS AHP-bee-gen)

to'g'ri yo'nalishda

geradeaus (guh-RAH-duh-OWSS)

_____ tomon

Richtung _____ (RIKH-toong)

_____ dan o'tgan

nach dem(m)/der(f)/dem(n) _____ (nahkh daym/dayr/daym _____)

through the _____

durch den(m)/die(f)/das(n) _____ (DUIKH dayn/dee/dahss _____)

_____ dan oldin

vor dem(m)/der(f)/dem(n) _____ (for daym/dayr/daym _____)

_____ ni tomosha qiling.

Achte/Achten Sie auf den(m)/die(f)/das(n) _____. (AHKH-tuh/AHKH-ten zee ouf dayn/dee/dahss _____)

kesishish

Kreuzung (KROY-tsoong)

north

Norden (NOR-den)

south

Süden (ZUU-den)

east

Osten (OST-en)

west

Westen (VEST-en)

tepalik

bergauf (bayrk-OUF)

pastga

bergab (bayrk-AHP)

qarama-qarshi

gegenüber (gay-gen-UEH-ber)

birga

entlang (ENT-lang)

Taksi!

(TAHK-see)

Iltimos, meni _____ ga olib boring.

Bitte bringen Sie mich zum/zur/nach _____. (BIT-tuh BRING-en zee mikh tsoom/tsoor/nahkh _____)
Eslatma: Foydalanish 'zu(m,r)' for streets and places and 'nach' for cities and villages.

_____ ga borish uchun qancha pul ketadi?

Wie viel kostet es bis zum/zur/nach _____? (vee feel KOSS-tet ess biss tsoom/tsoor/nahkh _____?)

Meni u yerga olib boring, iltimos.

Bringen Sie mich bitte dahin. (BRING-en zee mikh BIT-tuh dah-HIN)

Yashash

Yes, you can even stay in a castle!

Sizda mavjud xonalar bormi?

Sind noch Zimmer frei? (ZINT nokh TSIM-mer FRIGH?)

Bir kishi / ikki kishi uchun xona qancha?

Wie viel kostet ein Einzelzimmer/Doppelzimmer? (vee-feel KOSS-tet ighn IGHN-tsel-tsim-mer/DOP-pel-tsim-mer?)

Xona ... bilan birga keladimi?

Hat das Zimmer... (HAHT dahss TSIM-mer...)

...choyshab?

...Bettlaken? (...BET-lahk-en?)

... hammommi? (toilet)

...eine Toilette? (igh-nuh to-ah-LET-tuh?)

... hammommi? (with cleaning facilities)

...ein Badezimmer? (igh-n BAH-duh-tsim-er?)

... telefonmi?

...ein Telefon? (ighn tell-eh-FOHN?)

... televizormi?

...einen Fernseher? (igh-nen FAYRN-zay-er?)

Avval xonani ko'rsam bo'ladimi?

Kann ich das Zimmer erstmal sehen? (kahn ikh dahs TSIM-mer ayrst-mahl ZAY-en?)

Sizda jimroq narsa bormi?

Haben Sie etwas ruhigeres? (HAH-ben zee ET-vahs ROO-ig-er-ess?)

... kattaroqmi?

...größeres? (GROO-ser-ess?)

...arzonroq?

...billigeres? (BILL-ig-er-ess?)

OK, men olaman.

OK, ich nehme es. (OH-kay, ikh NAY-muh ess)

Men _____ kecha turaman.

Ich bleibe eine Nacht (_____ Nächte). (ihk BLIGH-buh IGH-nuh nahkht/_____ NEKH-tuh)
Eslatma: The plural of 'Nacht' bu 'Nächte' .

Boshqa mehmonxona taklif qila olasizmi?

Können Sie mir ein anderes Hotel empfehlen? (KOON-en zee meer ign AHN-der-ess ho-TELL emp-FAY-len?)

Note: It's not a good idea to say this, as it may be taken in an insulting manner. Try saying "Gibt es hier in der Nähe ein Reisebüro?" ("Is there a tourist agency nearby?") instead.

Sizda seyf bormi?

Haben Sie einen Safe? (HAH-ben zee IGH-nen SAYF?)

... shkaflarmi?

...Schließfächer? (SHLEESS-fekh-er?)

Nonushta / kechki ovqatmi?

Ist Frühstück/Abendessen inklusive? (ist FRUU-shtuuk/AH-bent-ess-en in-kloo-ZEE-vuh?)

Nonushta / kechki ovqat necha soat?

Wann gibt es Frühstück/Abendessen? (VAHN gipt ess FRUU-shtuuk/AH-bent-ess-en?)

Iltimos, mening xonamni tozalang.

Würden Sie bitte mein Zimmer saubermachen? (VUUR-den zee BIT-tuh mign TSIM-mer ZOW-ber-MAHKH-en?)

Meni _____ da uyg'otishingiz mumkinmi?

Können Sie mich um _____ Uhr wecken? (KOON-en zee mikh oom _____ oor VECK-en?)

I would like to check out.

Ich möchte auschecken. (ikh MOOKH-tuh ows-check-en)

Pul

Amerika / Avstraliya / Kanada dollarlarini qabul qilasizmi?

Nehmen Sie US-Dollar/australische/kanadische Dollar an? (NAY-men zee OOH-ESS DOLL-ahr/ouss-TRAHL-ish-uh/kah-NAH-dish-uh DOLL-ahr?)

Siz ingliz funtini qabul qilasizmi?

Nehmen Sie britische Pfund an? (NAY-men zee BRIT-ish-uh PFOOND?)

Siz kredit kartalar qabul qilasizmi?

Kann ich mit Kreditkarte zahlen? (kahn ikh mit kray-DEET-kahr-tuh TSAH-len?)

Men uchun pulni o'zgartira olasizmi?

Können Sie mir Geld wechseln? (KOON-en zee meer GELT WEKHS-eln?)

O'zgartirilgan pulni qaerdan olsam bo'ladi?

Wo kann ich Geld wechseln? (voh kahn ikh GELT WEKHS-eln?)

Can you change a traveller's check for me?

Kann ich hier Travellerschecks einlösen? (kahn ikh heer TREV-el-er-shecks IGHN-loo-zen?)

Sayohat chekini qayerdan almashtirishim mumkin?

Wo kann ich Travellerschecks tauschen? (voh kahn ikh TREV-el-er-shecks TOW-shen?) (TOW rhymes with "cow")

Valyuta kursi qanday?

Wie ist der Wechselkurs? (vee ist dayr VEK-sel-koorss?)

Bankomat (ATM) qayerda?

Wo ist ein Geldautomat? (voh ist ign GELT-ow-toh-maht?)

Eating

No one has a more intimate love affair over bread than Germans!

Iltimos, bitta kishiga / ikki kishiga mo'ljallangan stol.

Ein Tisch für eine Person/zwei Personen, bitte. (ighn TISH fuur IGHN-uh payr-ZOHN/TSVIGH payr-ZOHN-nen, BIT-tuh)

Can I have the meal as a takeaway?

Könnte ich das Essen mitnehmen? (KOUN-nte ikh das Es-sen mit-ne-men?)

Iltimos, menyuga qarasam bo'ladimi?

Ich hätte gerne die Speisekarte. (ikh HET-tuh GAYR-nuh dee SHPIGH-zuh-kahr-tuh)

Uy ixtisosligi bormi?

Gibt es eine Spezialität des Hauses? (gipt ess igh-nuh shpeh-tsyah-lee-TAYT dess HOW-zess?)

Mahalliy mutaxassislik bormi?

Gibt es eine Spezialität aus dieser Gegend? (gipt ess igh-nuh shpeh-tsyah-lee-TAYT owss DEE-zer GAY-gent?)

I am (severely) allergic to milk/eggs/fish/shellfish/tree nuts/peanuts/wheat/soy.

Ich bin [stark] allergisch gegen Milch/Eier/Fisch/Schalentiere/Nüsse/Erdnüsse/Weizen/Soja. (ikh bin [shtark] al-LER-gish gay-gent)

Men vegetarianman.

(men) Ich bin Vegetarier. (ikh bin vay-gay-TAH-ree-er) (women) Ich bin Vegetarierin (vay-gay-TAH-ree-er-een)

I'm a vegan.

(men) Ich bin Veganer. (ikh bin vay-GAHN-er) (women) Ich bin Veganerin (vay-GAHN-er-een)

Men cho'chqa go'shtini yemayman.

Ich esse kein Schweinefleisch. (ikh ESS-uh kign SHVIGN-uh-flighsh)

Men faqat kosher ovqatini iste'mol qilaman.

Ich esse nur koscher. (ikh ESS-uh noor KOH-sher)
Note: outside major cities and some explicitly kosher restaurants true kosher food is not available. If you are not particularly observant "halal", sometimes spelled "helal" is similar enough if you avoid mixing milk and meat.

Iltimos, uni "lite" qila olasizmi? (kamroq yog '/ sariyog' / cho'chqa yog'i)

Könnten Sie es bitte nicht so fett machen? (KOON-ten zee ess BIT-tuh nikht zo fett MAHKH-en?)

belgilangan narxdagi taom

Tagesessen (TAHG-ess-ess-en) / Menü (meh-NUU)
Note: While "Tagesessen" should be used in pubs and taverns, "Menü" is the correct word in classic restaurants.

Without, e.g. I would like spaghetti without cheese

Ich möchte die Spaghetti, ohne Käse (Ikh merkhte dee schpagetti, ohna kayze), "Ohne" being the key word here.

alakart

alakart (ah lah KAHRT)

breakfast

Frühstück (FRUU-shtuuk) | Switzerland: Zmorge (TSH-mor-geh) or Morgenässe (MOR-gen-aess-e)

lunch

Mittagessen (mit-TAHK-ess-en) | Switzerland: Zmittag (TSH-mit-tag) or Mittagässe (mit-TAHK-aess-e)

choy (ovqat)

Kaffee (kah-FAY)

kechki ovqat

Abendessen yoki Abendbrot (AH-bent-ess-en yoki AH-bent-broht) | Switzerland: Znacht (TSH-nakht) or Nachtässe (NAKHT-aess-e)
Note: "Abendbrot" is mainly used in rural areas. Most Germans, even the non-English speaking, understand dinner as well.

I would like _____.

Ich möchte _____. (ikh MERKH-tuh)

I would like a dish containing ____

Ich möchte etwas mit ____ (ikh MOOKH-tuh ett-vahss mit _____)

Literally means "I want something with ____"

tovuq

Hähnchen (HAEN-chen) Austria: Händel (HAEN-del)

mol go'shti

Rindfleisch (RINT-flighsh)

fish

Fisch (fish)

dudlangan cho'chqa go'shti

Schinken (SHINK-en)

kolbasa

Wurst (voorst)

pickled cabbage

Sauerkraut (ZAU-er-kraut) (lit. sour cabbage)

pishloq

Käse (KAY-zuh)

tuxum

Eier (IGH-er)

salat

Salat (zah-LAHT)

kartoshka

Kartoffeln (kar-TOH-phel'n) | Austria: Erdapfel (ERD-ah-phel)

asparagus

Spargel (SHPAR-gel)

(yangi) sabzavotlar

(frisches) Gemüse ([FRISH-ess] guh-MUU-zuh)

pomidor

Tomate (to-MAH-te) | Austria: Paradaiser (pa-ra-da-IH-ser)

(yangi) mevalar

(frisches) Obst ([FRISH-ess] OWPST)

bread

Brot (broht)

toast

Toast (tohst)

rolls

Brötchen (BRUHT-chen)

makaron

Nudeln (NOO-deln)

guruch

Reis (raighss)

dukkaklilar

Bohnen (BOH-nen)

cake

Kuchen (KOO-khen)

Menga bir stakan _____ bering?

Könnte ich ein Glas _____ haben? (KOON-tuh ikh ighn glahss _____ HAH-ben?)

Bir chashka _____ bera olasizmi?

Könnte ich eine Tasse _____ haben? (KOON-tuh ikh IGH-nuh TAH-suh _____ HAH-ben?)

Bir shisha _____ ichsam bo‘ladimi?

Könnte ich eine Flasche _____ haben? (KOON-tuh ikh IGH-nuh FLAH-shuh _____ HAH-ben?)

kofe

Kaffee (kah-FAY)

choy (ichish)

Tee (tay)

juice

Saft (zahft)

(qabariq) suv

Mineralwasser yoki Sprudel(-wasser) (mee-ne-RAHL-wah-ser yoki SHPROO-del-[wah-ser])

water (tap)

Leitungswasser (LIGH-toongs-wah-ser)

Note: Tap water is quite uncommon in German restaurants.

pivo

Bier (pivo)
Eslatma: At least in Germany and Austria, you should say what kind of beer you want. There are: Export (EKS-port), known as 'Helles' (HELL-as) in Bavaria and as 'Lager' (LAH-ger) in Switzerland; Pils (pilss); Hefeweizen (HAY-fuh-vigh-tsen), known as 'Weißbier' (VIGHSS-beer) in Bavaria; dunkles Hefeweizen (DOONK-less HAY-fuh-vigh-tsen); Alt (ahlt) in the Düsseldorf region; Kölsch (koolsh) in Cologne and probably most of the rest of the Rhineland; Bockbier (BOCK-beer) sometimes in the South of Germany. If you only say pivo, you will usually get a Pils.

qizil / oq sharob

Rot-/Weißwein (ROHT-/VIGHSS-vighn)

Menga _____ bering?

Kann ich etwas _____ haben? (kahn ikh ET-vahss _____ HAH-ben?)

tuz

Salz (zahlts)

qora qalampir

Pfeffer (PFEF-er)

sariyog '

Butter (BOO-ter)

Excuse me, waiter! (server e'tiborini jalb qilish)

Entschuldigung! (ent-SHOOL-dih-goong)

Men tugatdim.

Ich bin fertig. (ikh bin FAYR-tikh)

It was (not) delicious.

Es war (nicht) lecker. (ess vahr (neekh) LEK-ker) or Es schmeckt (nicht). (ess SHMEKT (neekh))

Iltimos, plitalarni tozalang.

Würden Sie bitte abräumen? (VUUR-den zee BIT-tuh ahb-ROY-men?)

Marhamat, chekni oling.

Zahlen, bitte. (TSAH-len, BIT-tuh)

Keep the change

Stimmt so! (STEEMT zo!) (Lit: Tally it like so)

Barlar

Märzen at Oktoberfest, served in the traditional 1-litre Maß.

Siz spirtli ichimliklar bilan xizmat qilasizmi?

Haben Sie alkoholische Getränke? (HAH-ben zee ahl-koh-HOHL-ish-uh guh-TRENG-kuh?)

Stol xizmati bormi?

Kommt eine Bedienung zum Tisch? (kommt IGH-nuh buh-DEE-noong tsoom TISH?)

Pivo / ikkita pivo, iltimos.

Ein Bier/zwei Bier, bitte. (ighn beer/tsvigh beer, BIT-tuh)
See note in previous section.

Bir stakan qizil / oq sharob, iltimos.

Ein Glas Rot-/Weißwein, bitte. (ighn glahss ROHT-/VIGHSS-vign, BIT-tuh)

A quarter/eighth of red wine, please.

Ein Viertel/Achtel Rotwein, bitte. (ign FEER-tel/AHKH-tel ROHT-vign, BIT-tuh)
Note: It's usual to order wine by quarters or eighths (of a liter).

A little/big beer, please.

Ein kleines/großes Bier, bitte. (ighn KLIGH-ness/GROH-sess beer, BIT-tuh)

Half a liter, please. (of beer)

Eine Halbe, bitte. (IGH-nuh HAHL-buh, BIT-tuh)
Eslatma: This probably won't be understood in the North of Germany.

Bir shisha, iltimos.

Eine Flasche, bitte. (IGH-nuh FLAH-shuh, BIT-tuh)

Rum and coke, please.

Bitte eine Cola mit Rum. (BIT-tuh IGH-nuh KOH-lah mit ROOM)
Eslatma: In German, the mixer comes first. In common parlance some drinks are just named after a list of their ingredients with the alcoholic part mentioned first (e.g. Wodka [red] Bull)

viski

Whiskey (VIS-kee)

aroq

Wodka (VOT-kah)

ROM

Rum (ROOM)

suv

Wasser (VAH-ser)

klub soda

Mineralwasser (Mee-ne-RAWL-vas-ser)

tonikli suv

Tonicwater yoki oddiygina Tonic

apelsin sharbati

Orangensaft yoki oddiygina O-Saft (oh-RAHN-gehn-zahft yoki OH-zahft)

Koks (soda)

Cola (KOH-lah), though "coke" is understood and will get you the brand from Atlanta more likely than not

Do you have (any) bar snacks?

Haben Sie (irgendwelche) Snacks? (HAH-ben zee EER-gent-VELL-khe SNEKS?)

Yana bitta, iltimos.

Noch einen(m)/eine(f)/eins(n), bitte. (nokh IGH-nen/IGH-nuh/IGHNS, BIT-tuh)

Iltimos, yana bir tur.

Noch eine Runde, bitte. (nokh IGH-nuh ROON-duh, BIT-tuh)

Yopish vaqti qachon?

Wann schließen Sie? (vahn SHLEE-sen zee?)

Salom!

Prost! or Zum Wohl! (zoom wole)
Eslatma: "Prost" comes from Latin "prosit" which can be translated as "may it be good/beneficial" and is still understood though somewhat antiquated

Shopping

A Christmas market in Jena, an annual staple for multiple German communities.

Sizda bu mening o'lchamimda bormi?

Haben Sie das in meiner Größe? (HAH-ben zee dahs in MIGH-ner GROO-suh?)

Bu qancha turadi?

Was kostet das? (vahss KOSS-tet dahss?) or Wie viel kostet das? (vee FEEL koss-tet dahss)

Bu juda qimmat.

Das ist zu teuer. (dahss ist tsoo TOY-er)

_____ qabul qilasizmi?

Würden Sie es für ___ verkaufen? (VUUR-den zee as fyr _____ vayr-COW-fan?)

qimmat

teuer (TOY-er)

arzon

billig / günstig (BILL-ikh/GUUN-stikh) (Note: "Billig" also can mean "not good/low quality")

ozod

kostenlos / gratis (KOS-ten-los/GRAH-tees)

I (don't) like it.

Das gefällt mir (nicht). (Das ge-PHAELT meer nikth)
Lit: It is (not) pleasing to me.

Men bunga qodir emasman.

Ich kann es mir nicht leisten. (ikh kahn ess meer nikth LIGH-sten)

Men buni xohlamayman.

Ich will es nicht. (ikh vill ess nikht)

I know that this is not the regular price.

Ich weiß, dass das nicht der normale Preis ist. (ikh vighss, dahss dahss nikht dayr nor-MAH-luh PRIGHSS ist)

Siz meni aldayapsiz.

Sie wollen mich abzocken. (zee VOLL-en mikh AHP-tsock-en)
Eslatma: Actually, the translation would be: Sie betrügen mich. But that sounds too hard. So'z abzocken is a rather familiar use of language.

I'm not interested.

Ich habe kein Interesse. (ikh hah-buh kighn in-ter-ES-se)

OK, men olaman.

OK, ich nehme es. (oh-kay, ikh NAY-muh ess)

Menga sumka bera olasizmi?

Kann ich eine Tüte haben? (kahn ikh IGH-nuh TUU-tuh HAH-ben?)

Siz (chet elda) jo'natasizmi?

Versenden Sie auch (nach Übersee)? (fayr-ZEN-den zee owkh [nahkh UU-ber-zay]?)

Men muhtojman...

Ich brauche... (ikh BROW-khuh...) (BROW rhymes with sigir)

...tish pastasi.

...Zahnpaste. (TSAHN-pahs-teh)

... tish cho'tkasi.

...eine Zahnbürste. (IGH-nuh TSAHN-buur-stuh)

... tamponlar.

...Tampons. (TAHM-pohns)

... sovun.

...Seife. (ZIGH-fuh)

... shampun.

...Shampoo. (SHAHM-poo)

... og'riq qoldiruvchi vosita. (masalan, aspirin yoki ibuprofen)

...Schmerzmittel. (SHMAYRTS-mit-tel)
Eslatma: You will get medicine in pharmacies ("Apotheke" , with big red A-Sign) only, not in normal drugstores

... sovuq dori.

...etwas gegen Erkältung. (ET-vahs GAY-gen ayr-KELT-oong)

... oshqozon dori.

....Magentabletten (MAH-gen-tah-BLET-ten)

... ustara.

...einen Rasierer. (IGH-nen rah-ZEER-er)

...a razor (blade)

...eine Rasierklinge. (IGH-ne rah-ZEER-kling-uh)

... soyabon.

...einen Regenschirm. (IGH-nen RAY-gen-sheerm)

... quyosh nurlaridan himoya qiluvchi loson.

...Sonnencreme. (ZON-nen-kraym)

... otkritka.

...eine Postkarte. (IGH-nuh POST-kahr-tuh)

... pochta markalari.

...Briefmarken. (BREEF-mahr-ken)

... batareyalar.

...Batterien. (baht-uh-REE-en)

...writing paper.

...Schreibpapier. (SHRIGHP-pah-peer)

...a pen.

...einen Stift. (igh-nen SHTIFT)

...English-language books.

...englischsprachige Bücher. (ENG-lish-shprahkh-ig-uh BUUKH-er)

...English-language magazines.

...englischsprachige Zeitschriften. (ENG-lish-shprahkh-ig-uh TSIGHT-shrift-en)

...an English-language newspaper.

...eine englischsprachige Zeitung. (IGH-nuh ENG-lish-shprahkh-ig-uh TSIGH-toong)

...an English-German dictionary.

...ein Englisch-Deutsch-Wörterbuch. (ighn ENG-lish-DOYTCH woor-ter-bookh)

Haydash

The general speed limit across Germany. Outside the Autobahn, strictly do not exceed the speed limits as indicated with a red circle; in the Autobahn, the blue square indicates advisory speed - driving beyond the speed will cause you liability in case of an accident.

I want to rent a car.

Ich möchte ein Auto mieten. (ikh MOOKH-tuh ighn OW-toh mee-ten)

Can I get insurance?

Kann ich es versichern lassen? (kahn ikh es fayr-ZIKH-ern LAH-sen?)

stop (on a street sign)

stop (SHTOP)

one way

Einbahnstraße (IGHN-bahn-shtrah-suh)

Yo'l bering

Vorfahrt gewähren (FOR-fahrt guh-VEHR-ren)

freeway

Autobahn (AU-toh-ban)

exit (on highway)

Ausfahrt (OWS-fahrt)

no parking

Parkverbot (PAHRK-fayr-boht)

speed limit

Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (guh-SHVIN-dikh-kights-buh-SHRENG-koong) (a compound noun made from "Geschwindigkeit" = speed and "Beschränkung" = limit)

gas (petrol) station

Tankstelle (TAHNK-shtel-luh)

petrol

Benzin (ben-TSEEN)

unleaded petrol

Benzin bleifrei (ben-TSEEN bly-FRY)

diesel

Diesel (DEE-zel)

toll

Maut (MOWT)

Vakolat

Most police officers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland will speak functional English. Even if you have some capability in German, you may still want to stick to English just in case you make a mistake.

I haven't done anything.

Ich habe nichts getan. (eesh HAH-buh nikhts guh-TAHN)

It was a misunderstanding.

Das war ein Missverständnis. (dahs vahr ighn MEES-fayr-shtand-nees)

Where are you taking me?

Wohin bringen Sie mich? (VOH-hin BRING-uhn zee meekh?)

Am I under arrest?

Bin ich verhaftet? (been eekh fayr-HAHF-tut?)

I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.

Ich bin amerikanischer/australischer/britischer/kanadischer Staatsbürger. (eekh been ah-may-ree-KAH-neesh-er / owss-TRAH-leesh-er / BREET-eesh-er / kah-NAH-deesh-er SHTAHTS-buur-gurr) or, if female, amerikanische/australische/britische/kanadische Staatsbürgerin (ah-may-ree-KAH-neesh-uh / owss-TRAH-leesh-uh / BREET-eesh-uh / kah-NAH-deesh-uh SHTAHTS-buur-gurr-een))

I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.

Ich will mit der/dem amerikanischen/australischen/britischen/kanadischen Botschaft/Konsulat sprechen. (eekh veel meet dayr/dame ah-may-ree-KAHn-eesh-uhn / ows-TRAH-leesh-uhn / BREE-teesh-uhn / kah-NAH-deesh-uhn BOHT-shahft / kohn-zoo-LAHT SHPREKH-uhn)

I want to talk to a lawyer.

Ich will mit einem Anwalt sprechen. (eekh veel meet IGH-nem AHN-vahlt SHPREKH-uhn)

Can I just pay a fine now?

Kann ich jetzt einfach eine Strafe zahlen? (kahn eekh yetst IGHN-fakh igh-nuh SHTRAH-fe TSAH-len?)

Eslatma: Be sure that it is clear from the context that you aren't offering a bribe. Trying to bribe an official will get you into real trouble.

Country and territory names

Names of countries in general retain their official name or equivalent to English words, with subtle adaptations suitable for German speakers. Some country names which end with -a are either adapted into -en (e.g.: Egypt to Ägypten, India to Indien, Romania to Rumänien) or retained (e.g.: Malaysia, Nigeria, Panama). Some countries also take a aniq artikl of either "der" (e.g.: der Irak, der Iran, der Libanon) or "die" in singular (e.g.: die Schweiz, die Ukraine, die Türkei, die Mongolei, die Slowakei, all countries ending with -ei, countries containing the name Republik) or plural form (e.g.: die Niederlande, die USA, die VAE (the UAE), all countries of plural form in English).

Countries with significant spelling and pronunciation differences compared to English are listed below.

In general there has been a tendency since about the 1950s to move away from "germanized" pronunciations and spellings towards more Anglophone or more akin to the local name ones. A somewhat dicey subject are German names for formerly German places (e.g. Wroclaw) which will be understood but might be seen as a revanchist statement by some. Similarly in some country names the c used to be replaced with a k but isn't any more (e.g. "Nikaragua" is hardly used any more) whereas for "Mexiko" and "Kolumbien" the k form is standard.

For indicating the nationality of a person, add the suffix -er at the end or replacing the -en suffix if the country has the suffix. Leave it as it is for male or add -in for female.

Germaniya

Deutschland(DOIT-ch-land)

Frantsiya

Frankreich (FRANK-raikh) however a citizen of France is a "Franzose" (men) "Französin" (women)

Chex Respublikasi

Tschechische Republik (CHE-his-che REh-puh-blik) you may also hear the short form "Tschechien"

Cote dIvore

Elfenbeinküste however a citizen of said country is an "Ivorer"

Shveytsariya

die Schweiz (di shu-WAITS)

Avstriya

Österreich (OEST-ter-raikh)

The UK/Great Britain

Vereinigtes Königreich (ver-REIN-ni-tes KOE-nig-raikh)/Großbritannien (GROSS-bree-TAN-ni-en). The latter is used informally.

England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Ireland

England (ENG-land), Wales (wales), Schottland (SHOT-land), Nordirland (Nor-DIR-land), Irland (IR-land)

Hungary

Ungarn (UNG-garn)

Ispaniya

Spanien (SHPA-ni-en)

Gretsiya

Griechenland (GREE-khen-land)

Cyprus

Zypern (TSEE-pern)

Norvegiya

Norwegen (nor-WÉH-en)

Estoniya

Estland (Ést-land)

Latviya

Lettland (LETT-land)

Litva

Litauen (LI-tau-en)

Belorussiya

Weißrussland (WAISS-russ-land)

Rossiya

Russland (RUSS-land)

Moldova

Republik Moldau (MOL-daw) or Moldawien

kurka

die Türkei (di TUER-kai)

Ozarbayjon

Aserbaidschan (ah-ser-bai-JAN)

Maldives

Malediven (MA-lé-DI-ven)

Xitoy

China (KHEE-nah) pronounced with a "hard k" in the south and "sh" in the north.

Yaponiya

Japan (YAH-pan)

Yangi Zelandiya

Neuseeland (NOY-see-land)

Fidji

Fidschi (FID-shi)

Morocco

Marokko (MA-rok-ko)

Djibouti

Dschibuti (ji-BU-ti)

AQSH

Vereinigte Staaten (ver-RAIN-ni-te STA-ah-ten) or die USA (dee UH-ES-AH) in colloquial parlance a citizen of the U.S. will often be called "Ami" for either gender.

Learning more

• Duolingo
• Course for A1-B2 levels with grammar, dictionary, media library and forum
• Deutsche Welle A1-C courses