 | OGOHLANTIRISH: 2020 yilgi Belorusiya Prezidenti saylovi natijasida, Belorusiya bo'ylab 1991 yildan buyon o'tkazilgan eng yirik ommaviy norozilik namoyishlari bo'lib, bahsli natijani rad etgan norozilik namoyishlari bo'lib o'tdi. Kamida ikkita o'lim va ko'plab qurbonlar tasdiqlangan. |
| (Axborot oxirgi marta 2020 yil avgustda yangilangan) |
Belorussiya (Belorussiya: Belaruss, Ruscha: Belorussiya) bu a sobiq Sovet davlati tarixi milodiy 10-asrda boshlanadi. Aksariyat sayyohlarning radiolokatorlarida bo'lmagan bo'lsa-da, Belorussiya go'zal qal'alarni, toza tabiatni va sovet merosini saqlaydi. Qo'shnisi bilan yaqin aloqalarni va ochiq chegarani saqlaydi Rossiya.
Mintaqalar
Belorussiya hududlari (viloyatlari) sayyoh uchun haqiqiy ko'rsatma bermaydi. Ushbu bo'linishlar faqat ma'muriy xarakterga ega bo'lib, bir asrga yaqin vaqt oldin yaratilgan va tarixiy, madaniy yoki etnografik masalalar bilan juda kam aloqasi bor.
| Brest viloyati |
| Gomel viloyati |
| Grodno viloyati |
| Mogilev viloyati |
| Minsk viloyati |
| Vitebsk viloyati |
Shaharlar
- 1 Minsk (Belorus kirillchasi: Minsk) - 2 milliondan ortiq aholisi bo'lgan Belorussiya poytaxti va eng yirik shahri.
- 2 Brest (Brest) - mintaqaviy poytaxt Polsha ajoyib me'moriy diqqatga sazovor joylari bilan chegarasi.
- 3 Polotsk (Polatsk, Polack) - eng qadimgi Belorusiya shahri, qiziqarli binolar bilan ajralib turadi.
- 4 Gomel (Gomel, Homieĺ) - Belorussiyaning ikkinchi yirik shahri; sharqda joylashgan.
- 5 Pinsk (Pinsk) - norasmiy ravishda Belorusiya Polesiyasining poytaxti sifatida tanilgan (Pinsk yoki Pripyat, Marshes).
- 6 Grodno (Grodna, Hrodna) - boy tarixga ega va arxitekturasi yaxshi saqlanib qolgan Polsha-Litva Hamdo'stligining so'nggi poytaxti (18-asr).
- 7 Mogilev (Magilyov, Mahilioŭ) - Belorussiyaning uchinchi yirik shahri.
- 8 Nesvij (Nyasví́j, Niasvij) - bilan YuNESKO ro'yxatga olingan qal'a.
- 9 Vitebsk (Vitsetsk, Vitsebsk) - Mark Chagall shahri.
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
- 1 Belovejskaya Pushcha milliy bog'i (Natsyalnalny park Belavejskaya puchcha, Natsyyanal'nny parki Belavyejhskaya pushcha) - bilan chegarada Polsha, bu ibtidoiy o'rmon a
YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati - 2 Mir qal'asi majmuasi (Mirski zamak, Mirski zamak) - boshqa YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati
Tushuning
 | |
| Poytaxt | Minsk |
| Valyuta | Belarus rubli (BYN) |
| Aholisi | 9,3 million (2021) |
| Elektr | 220 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, Schuko) |
| Mamlakat kodi | 375 |
| Vaqt zonasi | UTC 03:00 |
| Favqulodda vaziyatlar | 101 (o't o'chirish bo'limi), 102 (politsiya), 103 (shoshilinch tibbiy xizmat) |
| Haydash tomoni | to'g'ri |
| Wikidata-da tahrirlash | |
Tarix
- Shuningdek qarang: Rossiya imperiyasi, Sovet Ittifoqi, Evropada Ikkinchi Jahon urushi, Holokostni yod etish
Dastlabki tarix
Hozirgi Beloruslar deb nomlanuvchi dastlabki avlodlar Belorusiyaning zamonaviy hududida yashagan slavyan va Boltiq qabilalari edi. Tarixiy yozuvlarda tilga olingan birinchi Belorusiya shahri bu edi Polack. Polak knyazligi eng qadimgi Belorusiya adabiyoti, me'morchiligi va san'atini yaratgan.
Litva Buyuk knyazligi
Belorussiya boshqa sharqiy slavyan xalqlariga yomon ta'sir ko'rsatgan mo'g'ul bosqinidan ozod bo'lib qoldi. Buning o'rniga, XIII asrda zamonaviy Belorusiyaning g'arbiy qismida Buyuk Litva knyazligi shakllana boshladi. Gersoglikning birinchi poytaxti Navahrudak edi. Uning hukmdorlari knyazliklarni jalb qildilar Polack, Vitsebsk, Smolensk va boshqalarni Qrim tatarlari, mo'g'ullar va tevton ritsarlarining bosqinlaridan birgalikda himoya qilish. Polsha Qirolligi gersoglikning asosiy ittifoqchisiga aylandi.
1323 yilda, Vilnyus poytaxtga aylandi. 17-18 asrlarda Polsha siyosiy va madaniy ta'siri hukmronlik qilguniga qadar o'sha davrdagi beloruslar va ukrainlarning tili bo'lgan Ruteniya, Buyuk Litva knyazligining asosiy adabiy va rasmiy tili bo'lgan. Rutin tilida ko'plab adabiy asarlar, shuningdek Buyuk Litva knyazligi to'g'risidagi nizom - Evropaning eng buyuk qonunchilik matnlari tuzilgan. Ular keng dunyoviy, bag'rikenglik va ko'plik jamiyatini tasdiqlaydi. Gersoglik qo'shni mamlakatlardan chetlatilgan ko'plab odamlarga, masalan, Rossiyadan kelgan eski imonlilarga boshpana bergan. Urushlar paytida qamoqqa tashlangan tatarlarga bir joyga joylashishga ruxsat berildi va ular muqaddas matnlarni rutin tiliga, ammo arab yozuvida ajoyib tarzda tarjima qildilar. Ushbu tarjimalardan biz o'sha kunlarda gaplashadigan rutin tilida qanday tovushlar chiqqanini bilamiz - bu zamonaviy nutqiy belorusning barcha asosiy xususiyatlariga ega edi. Moskva, salafi Rossiya, XV asrdan buyon Litva Buyuk knyazligi uchun asosiy tahdid bo'lgan. Bu ikkinchisini Polsha Qirolligi bilan tobora yaqinroq ittifoqqa tortdi. Bu Ittifoq bilan yakunlandi LyublinLitva Buyuk knyazligi bilan Polsha-Litva Hamdo'stligini ishlab chiqargan, shu jumladan. butun zamonaviy Belorussiya, avtonom, ammo etakchi ishtirokchi emas. Rus podsholari qudratliroq bo'la boshlagach, ular o'zlarining ekspansionistik siyosatini tobora kuchaytirdilar. XVII asr, ayniqsa, Belorusiya uchun halokatli edi; 1654-1667 yillardagi urush boshqalar orasida ajralib turadi. Ushbu urush paytida Belorusiya aholisining yarmidan ko'pi o'ldirilgan, ochlikdan o'lgan, Rossiyaga olib ketilgan yoki Fors qulligiga sotilgan (hozir Eron). Ushbu urush er va odamlarni tubdan o'zgartirdi; bu demografik, iqtisodiy va madaniy falokat edi. 18-asr oxirida Polsha-Litva Hamdo'stligi Rossiya, Prussiya va Avstriya-Vengriya imperiyasi o'rtasida bo'linib ketguncha ko'proq urushlar davom etdi. Hrodna 1793–95 yillarda Hamdo'stlikning so'nggi poytaxti bo'lgan.
Rossiya imperiyasi
1795 yilda zamonaviy Belorussiyaning butun hududi tarkibiga kirdi Rossiya imperiyasi. Yangi mamlakat Litva Buyuk knyazligiga qaraganda ancha kam bag'rikenglik ko'rsatdi. Davlat mashinasi ukrainlar bilan bir qatorda beloruslarning buyuk rus millatining tarkibiy qismi bo'lgan g'oyasini ilgari surdi. Yahudiylar birinchi marta xohlagan joylarida yashashga erkin emas edilar; ular nasroniylardan ikki baravar ko'proq soliq to'lashlari kerak edi. 1864 yilgi baholashdan so'ng, hech qanday Belorusiya davlat ma'muriyatida mas'uliyatli lavozimni egallashga ruxsat berilmadi, 19-asrning oxiriga kelib, dehqonlarning to'rtdan uch qismi belorus tilida gaplashib, o'zlarini belorus deb atashdi. Shahar aholisining 15 foizdan kamrog'i belorus tilida gaplashar edi, bu polyak va ruslarning ommaviy assimilyatsiyasini aks ettiradi, shuningdek, aholi ruslardan Belorussiya shaharlariga ko'chib o'tishadi. Qizig'i shundaki, o'sha paytdagi Belorusiya shaharlari va shaharlari aholisining yarmidan ko'pi yahudiylar edi. 20-asrning boshlarida Rossiya imperiyasida hayotning erkinlashuvi bilan beloruslar o'zlarining birinchi milliy partiyalarini, gazetalarini va nashriyotlarini tashkil etish imkoniyatidan foydalandilar. . Birinchi navbatda, ular o'sha paytda Belorussiya madaniy hayotining asosiy markazi bo'lgan ko'p millatli Vilnyus paydo bo'ldi; shuningdek, ichida Peterburg, Rossiya imperiyasining poytaxti va Minsk.
Birinchi mustaqillik va SSSR
Davomida Birinchi jahon urushi va 1917 yilgi inqilobdan keyin rus siyosiy partiyalari beloruslar uchun mustaqil davlat haqida o'ylashdan bosh tortdilar. Bu 1918 yilda nemislar Belorusiyaning bir qismini egallab olganlarida o'zgargan. Belorusiya partiyalari va tashkilotlari 1918 yil 25 martda Minskda mustaqil Belorussiya Demokratik Respublikasini e'lon qildilar. Respublikani faqat bir nechta hukumatlar tan oldilar. Bu rus bolsheviklarini boshqa Belorusiya respublikasini - Sovet Ittifoqining asoschisi bo'lgan Sovet Sotsialistik respublikasini tashkil etishga ruxsat berishga majbur qildi. Sovet Ittifoqi va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti 1991 yilda samarali Belorussiya Respublikasiga aylandi.
Sovet Ittifoqida Belorusiya ham ko'p yutqazdi va ko'p narsani yo'qotdi. Bir tomondan, u iqtisodiy jihatdan rivojlandi: u erda Belorusiya maktablari bor edi va Belorussiya kitoblari keng nashr etilardi. Boshqa tomondan, Belorussiya o'ziga xosligi qisman bostirilgan va kamsitilgan. Masalan, belorus tilida hech qanday oliy ma'lumotga ega bo'lishga yo'l qo'yilmadi.Stalin terrorizm Belorusiya uchun yana bir falokat bo'ldi. 600,000 dan 1,400,000 gacha bo'lgan Belorusiya Belorusiyada o'ldirilgan yoki yuborilgan Sibir. 1920-30 yillardagi siyosiy tozalashlarda Belorussiya professional adabiy yozuvchilarining 80 foizini yo'qotdi. 1934 yilda 139 nafar doktorantlardan faqat olti nafari omon qoldi. Stalin dahshati Belorusiya ilmi va san'atini deyarli yo'q qildi.
Ikkinchi jahon urushi
The Ikkinchi jahon urushi 1939 yilda fashistlar Germaniyasi va Sovet Ittifoqi Polshaga bostirib kirgandan keyin beloruslar uchun boshlangan. 1920 yildan beri Belorussiya etnik hududlarining bir qismi Polsha davlati tarkibiga kiritilgan; endi Belorusiyaning g'arbiy va sharqiy qismlari Sovet Ittifoqi tarkibida birlashtirildi. 1941 yilda Germaniya o'zining sobiq ittifoqchisi Sovet Ittifoqiga bostirib kirdi. Belorusiya yirik janglar maydoni, keng tarqalgan partizan harakati va katta azob-uqubatlar maydoni edi. Urushda eng ko'p zarar ko'rgan Sovet respublikasi Belorusiya edi. Aholining taxminan 30% vafot etdi, shu jumladan 200 dan ortiq kontslagerlarda; Shahar va shaharlarning 70% qisman yoki butunlay vayron qilingan. 1971 yilgacha Belorusiya aholisi urushgacha bo'lgan darajasini tiklamadi. Belorusiyaning yahudiy aholisi undan keyin hech qachon tiklanmadi Holokost.
Mustaqillik
1990 yil 27 iyulda Belorussiya Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi parlamenti mamlakat suverenitetini e'lon qildi, ammo u allaqachon qulab tushgan Sovet Ittifoqidan ajralmasdan. 1991 yil dekabrda Belorussiya rahbarlari, Ukraina va Rossiya - ning asoschilari SSSR - Sovet Ittifoqini rasman tarqatib yuborgan Bielaviežskaja Pusča.O'shandan beri Belorusiya hukumati Rossiyaning eng yaqin ittifoqchisi bo'lish siyosatiga sodiq qolmoqda va o'z mustaqilligini saqlab qoldi.
Geografiya
9,5 million aholisi bo'lgan Belorusiya o'rtacha 207,600 km² maydonni egallagan Evropaning o'rta o'lkasidir. Birlashgan Qirollik, dan besh marta katta Gollandiya va Shveytsariya. G'arbdan sharqqa maksimal masofa 560 km, 650 km esa shimoldan janubgacha bo'lgan maksimal masofa. Mamlakatda 11000 dan ortiq ko'llar va 91000 km daryolar mavjud, ularning botqoq mintaqalari katta. Belorussiyada beshta yirik daryo bor: Nioman, Dnepr, Soj, Byarezina va Prypich. Ikkinchisi oldingi yadro kompleksi joylashgan tomonga qarab oqadi Chernobil (Ukraina), 1986 yildagi yadro falokati sahnasi. Mamlakat landshaftining 40% ga yaqini o'rmon bilan qoplangan. Mamlakatning aksariyat qismi tekis va keng qishloqlarning keng maydonlariga ega, ammo eng baland joy 334 m balandlikda joylashgan Dziaržynskaya Xara.
Bayramlar
Quyidagi festivallar milliy bayramlardir:
- Yangi yil kuni (Novy god) - 1 yanvar tantanalar butun tun bo'lib o'tadigan, aksariyat Belorusiya uchun davlat bayrami va eng muhim bayramdir.
- Rojdestvo (Rajjastvo) - 7 yanvar - Belorussiyadagi pravoslav nasroniylar Rojdestvoni Julian taqvimi bo'yicha nishonlaydilar.
- Ayollar kuni (Dzen janchyn) - 8 mart - Sovet Ittifoqining dastlabki yillariga borib taqaladigan juda yaxshi ko'rilgan bayram.
- Ishchilar festivali (Svyata pratsy) - 1 may - ilgari bu eng muhim sovet bayramlaridan biri bo'lgan; uning ahamiyati zamonaviy Belorusiyada sezilarli darajada pasaygan.
- G'alaba kuni (Dzen Peramogi) - 9 may - Sovet Ittifoqining Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidagi g'alabasi zamonaviy Belorussiya davlat mafkurasining asoslaridan biridir; butun mamlakat bo'ylab turli xil bayramlar bo'lib o'tadi.
- Radǔnica (Radovitsa) - o'tgan o'tmishdoshlarni xotirlash festivali Pasxadan keyingi 9-kun Julian taqvimiga ko'ra. Ko'p odamlar qabristonlarga tashrif buyurishadi.
- Mustaqillik kuni (Dzen Nezalejnastsi) - 3 iyul - dastlab, bu kun 1944 yilda Ikkinchi Jahon Urushida Minskni ishg'oldan ozod qilganligini esladi. Oxir oqibat, bu urushning Belorussiya mustaqilligining asosli afsonasidagi ahamiyati asosida yangi mazmun kasb etdi. Harbiy parad Minsk markazida va boshqa tantanalarda - butun mamlakat bo'ylab bo'lib o'tadi.
- Oktyabr inqilobi kuni (Dzen Kastrychnytskay revalyatsyy) - 7-noyabr - Belorusiya Rossiya inqilobi (1917) yilligini milliy bayram sifatida nishonlayotgan dunyodagi yagona mamlakat bo'lib qolmoqda.
- Rojdestvo (Boja naradjenne) - 25 dekabr - katoliklar Belorusiyada diniy ozchilik bo'lsa-da, Grigoriy taqvimi bo'yicha Rojdestvo milliy bayram bo'lib, katolik bo'lmaganlar tomonidan ham keng nishonlanadi.
Chiqinglar
Kirish talablari
Vizasiz
Quyidagi mamlakatlar fuqarolariga viza kerak emas: Armaniston, Ozarbayjon, Braziliya, Xitoy, Kuba, Ekvador, Gruziya, Gonkong. Isroil, Qozog'iston, Qirg'iziston, Makao, Moldova, Mo'g'uliston, Chernogoriya, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Qatar, Rossiya, Serbiya, Tojikiston, kurka, Ukraina, O'zbekiston, Venesuela. Agar biron bir o'zgarish bo'lsa, murojaat qiling vizadan ozod bo'lgan mamlakatlarning dolzarb ro'yxati.
74 mamlakat fuqarolari (ro'yxatni ko'ring[ilgari o'lik havola]) quyidagi talablarga javob beradigan bo'lsa, kalendar yiliga 90 kunlik cheklov bilan Belorussiyada 30 kungacha qolish uchun viza kerak emas:
- ular mamlakatga kirishadi va qaytib kelishadi Minsk Milliy aeroport
- ularning Belorussiyada amal qiladigan tibbiy sug'urtasi bor Chegara nazorati xodimi sizdan uning nusxasini ko'rsatishni so'raydi. Majburiy ro'yxatdan o'tishdan farqli o'laroq, ushbu hujjat belorus yoki rus tillariga tarjima qilinishi shart emas; ingliz tilida (va ehtimol boshqa tillarda) bittasi etarli bo'ladi. Shu bilan bir qatorda, sug'urtani pasport nazorati oldidan chap tomondagi kioskadan kuniga 1 evroga sotib olish mumkin (sotib olish uchun o'zingiz bilan evro yoki dollar olib keling)
- ular to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shahar yoki shaharga uchib ketmaydilar Rossiya
- ularda yashash uchun kuniga kamida 25 evro miqdorida naqd pul yoki pul mablag'lari bor (rivojlangan mamlakatlardan kelgan sayohatchilar uchun majburiy emas).
Diplomatik, xizmat yoki maxsus pasport egalariga hamda Rossiyadan Minskga uchadigan yoki Minskdan Rossiyaga uchadigan sayohatchilarga vizasiz kirish berilmaydi. Ushbu reyslar Belorusiya va Rossiya o'rtasida chegara nazorati mavjud emasligi sababli ichki hisoblanadi.
Vetnam, Gaiti, Gambiya, Gonduras, Hindiston, Livan, Namibiya, Samoa fuqarolari ham Evropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlaridan biriga yoki Shengen zonasiga ko'p martalik vizaga ega bo'lishlari shart. Shuningdek, ular ushbu vizadan Evropa Ittifoqiga kirish uchun foydalanganliklari hamda Minskdan vizasiz muddat tugashidan oldin parvoz chiptalarini qaytarib olishlari to'g'risida shtamp ishlab chiqarishlari kerak.
Kelish va ketish kunlarining har biri to'liq kun deb hisoblanadi, ya'ni agar siz soat 23:59 da pasport nazoratiga kirsangiz, bu kun to'liq kun deb hisoblanadi.
Chet elliklar, shuningdek, vizasiz zonalarga 15 kun davomida vizasiz sayohat qilishlari mumkin Brest va Grodno mintaqalar, agar ular sayyohlik agentligidan ruxsat olsalar. Ushbu sahifani ko'ring tafsilotlar uchun.
Chet elliklar, shuningdek, vizasiz 3 kunga sayohat qilishlari mumkin Belovejskaya Pushcha milliy bog'i g'arbiy Belorussiyada. Buning uchun oldindan "turizm xizmatlarini bron qilish" va a ni to'ldirishingiz kerak onlayn shakl, shundan so'ng sizga soddalashtirilgan viza elektron pochta orqali yuboriladi. Viza va pasportning nusxasini olib keling va Pererov-Beloveja chegara punkti orqali Polshadan Parkga kiring.
 | Eslatma:Sizga tranzit vizasi kerakmi? 2020 yil iyulgacha G'arbiy pasport egalari Rossiyaga etib borish uchun mamlakat bo'ylab quruqlikdan o'tish uchun Belorusiya tranzit vizasiga muhtoj edilar. Bu endi qo'llanilmasligi e'lon qilindi: sizning Rossiya vizangiz sizni Belorusiya bo'ylab o'tkazish uchun etarli. Ammo hozirgi kunga qadar bu elchixona veb-saytlarida tasdiqlanmagan, shuning uchun hayotiy tafsilotlar yo'q. Avvalo, bu to'g'rimi? - va rasmiy, shuning uchun uni dalil sifatida chop etish uchun bosib chiqarish mumkinmi? Qaysi tranzit muddatiga ruxsat beriladi? Qanday kirish va chiqish joylariga ruxsat beriladi? Rossiyadan qaytishda ham xuddi shunday qoidalar bormi? Rossiya vizasining barcha sinflari hisoblanadimi? - va hokazo. Tasdiq bo'lmasa, siz elchixonaga qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz yoki vizani qo'llab-quvvatlash agentligingiz bilan suhbatlashishingiz kerak. Bunga omad tilaymiz, chunki ularning hammasi, ehtimol siz kabi qorong'ida. |
Majburiy ro'yxatdan o'tish
Agar sizning yashash muddati o'n kundan ortiq bo'lsa, siz besh ish kuni ichida mahalliy Migratsiya va fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish bo'limida (Belorussiya - Dipansion pa mikratsyı i gramadzyanstv; ruscha - Departament po fuqarligi i migratsii) ro'yxatdan o'tishingiz kerak. Agar siz mehmonxonada tursangiz, bu mehmonxona tomonidan tartibga solinadi. Kartangiz, ro'yxatdan o'tganligingiz to'g'risidagi guvohnoma, mamlakatdan chiqib ketguningizcha saqlanishi kerak.
Majburiy ro'yxatdan o'tish onlayn ravishda bepul amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Rossiyadan Belorussiyaga kelganlar bundan mustasno (ikki mamlakat o'rtasida immigratsiya nazorati yo'qligi sababli). Iltimos, a rus tilida bosqichma-bosqich ko'rsatma yoki inglizchada. Shu bilan bir qatorda, ro'yxatdan o'tish xuddi shu tarzda amalga oshirilishi mumkin portal chet ellik mehmonni qabul qiluvchi Belorusiya rezidenti tomonidan. Chet el fuqarolari ro'yxatdan o'tishni uzaytirish uchun mahalliy Migratsiya va fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish bo'limiga shaxsan tashrif buyurishlari kerak.
Rossiyadan kelgan yoki majburiy ro'yxatdan o'tishni on-layn rejimida rasmiylashtira olmagan tashrif buyuruvchilar mahalliy Migratsiya va fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish bo'limiga shaxsan tashrif buyurishlari kerak. Sizdan anketani to'ldirishingiz talab qilinadi (qarang Zayavlenie o registratsii inostrannogo fuqarina (litsa bez fuqarolik) (nusxasini Departament idorasidan olish mumkin); pasportingizni yoki Belorusiyaga kirish uchun foydalaniladigan boshqa hujjatni, tibbiy sug'urtaning nusxasini va to'lov kvitansiyasini taqdim eting.
Majburiy ro'yxatdan o'tish uchun zarur bo'lgan tibbiy sug'urta hujjati (agar ro'yxatdan o'tish onlayn tarzda tugallanmagan bo'lsa) Belorussiya yoki rus tilida bo'lishi yoki litsenziyalangan tarjimon ushbu tillardan biriga tarjima qilingan bo'lishi kerak. Bu sizning sayohatingiz qisqa bo'lsa, mahalliy tibbiy sug'urtani sotib olishni oddiyroq va arzonroq variantga aylantiradi. Sug'urtalashni Belgosstrax davlat sug'urta kompaniyasining istalgan ofisida ham amalga oshirish mumkin.
Ro'yxatdan o'tish narxi BYN27 (2020 yil yanvaridan). To'lovni do'konlarda, Metro stantsiyalarida va boshqa ko'plab joylarda o'z-o'ziga xizmat ko'rsatadigan kiosklar orqali amalga oshirish mumkin. Ushbu to'lovda davlat "Belarusbank" ning istalgan filiali ham yordam berishi mumkin. Bank yordamidan foydalanishga arziydi, chunki bu jarayon oddiy emas. Ushbu to'lovlar uchun xorijiy bank kartalari qabul qilinmaydi.
Migratsiya va fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish bo'limiga kelib, avval to'lovni to'lash uchun ariza shakli va bank rekvizitlarini to'plash; keyin to'lovni tashkil qiling va agar kerak bo'lsa - sug'urta qiling va ro'yxatdan o'tishni tugallash uchun ofisga qayting. Barcha protseduralar uchun bir necha soat vaqt bering.
Viza
Agar sizga kerak bo'lsa, viza olish uchun qadamlar Sayohat agentligiga elektron pochta orqali elektron pochta orqali xabarni yuboring, unda siz qolish muddatini belgilashingiz kerak (va qaysi mehmonxonada siz yoki guruhingiz uchun bron qilinadi). Ushbu arizada sayyohlarning ismlari, tug'ilgan sanalari va pasport raqamlari qayd etiladi.
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Minsk milliy aeroportidagi "Amerika Ovozi"
Belorusiyalik kelish paytida viza Minsk milliy aeroportida olish mumkin (MSQ IATA) Belorusiya Respublikasining konsullik muassasalari bo'lmagan davlatlar fuqarolari tomonidan 90 evroga yoki Belorusiya konsulligi bo'lgan mamlakatlar fuqarolari uchun 180 evroga. Standart hujjatlar, shu jumladan taklifnoma ham oldindan taqdim etilishi kerak. Qarang «Minsk milliy aeroporti» ga kirish vizalarini berishning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari.
Belarus elchixonasidan viza
Siz viza uchun Belorusiya konsulligi yoki elchixonasida murojaat qilishingiz mumkin. Ro'yxat bilan Tashqi ishlar vazirligi veb-sayti.
Vizalar bitta, ikki, uch yoki cheklanmagan arizalar uchun amal qilishi mumkin. Ular unda ko'rsatilgan muddat ichida ishlatilishi kerak. Viza pasportingizning to'liq sahifasini oladi, shuning uchun sizda kamida bitta sahifa borligiga ishonch hosil qiling.
Viza to'lovlari va ishlov berish muddatlari
Turistik vizalar uchun to'lovlar barcha toifadagi vizalar uchun, 60 ish kunida qayta ishlash uchun taxminan 60 evroni tashkil etadi yoki 2 ish kuni davomida ikki baravar narx o'zgaradi. Narxlar o'zgaradi, shuning uchun mavjud xarajatlarni mahalliy elchixonangizga murojaat qiling.
Yaponiya va Serbiya pasporti egalari viza to'lovlaridan ozod qilingan.
Kerakli hujjatlar
Viza olish uchun sizga murojaat qilgan viza turiga qarab pasport va taklifnoma, boshqa hujjatlar kerak bo'ladi. tibbiy sug'urta agar sizda Belorusiyada amal qiladigan siyosat bo'lsa, Belorusiyaga tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun. Buni Belorussiya kompaniyasidan sotib olish afzalroq va uning har bir kunlik yashash narxi 1 AQSh dollarini tashkil etadi.
Belorussiyani olish uchun biznes vizasi chet el fuqarosi Belarusiyada rasmiy ravishda ro'yxatdan o'tgan har qanday Belorusiya yuridik shaxsining taklifnomasini taqdim etishi shart. Taklifnoma firma blankalarida yozilishi kerak, unda ism, shaxsiy va pasport ma'lumotlari, tashrifning maqsadi va davomiyligi bo'lishi kerak. Taklifnoma imzolanishi va taklif qiluvchi tashkilotning rasmiy muhri bilan tasdiqlanishi kerak. Elchixonalar yoki konsulliklar (Milliy aeroportdagi Konsullik idorasidan tashqari) ko'pincha faks orqali qabul qilingan taklifnomalarni qabul qilishlari mumkin. Ko'p ishbilarmonlik vizasini olish uchun barcha talab qilinadigan hujjatlarni taqdim etgan holda Tashqi ishlar vazirligi, Konsullik bo'limi tomonidan 300 AQSh dollari miqdorida to'lov amalga oshiriladi (aloqa telefoni 375 17 222 26 61).
Olish uchun shaxsiy maqsadlar uchun qisqa muddatli viza (Belorusiyalik qarindoshlar, do'stlar, boshqa shaxsiy ishlarga tashrif buyurish) 30 kunlik muddat, maksimal Evropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari, shuningdek, Avstraliya, Andorra, Argentina singari boshqa bir qator davlatlarning fuqarolari uchun 1, 2 yoki bir nechta kirish uchun. Bahrayn, Braziliya, Kanada, Xorvatiya, Chili, Islandiya, Isroil, Norvegiya, Shveytsariya Konfederatsiyasi, Koreya Respublikasi, Yangi Zelandiya, Urugvay, Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi va Yaponiya vizani qo'llab-quvvatlovchi hujjatlar talab qilinmaydi (taklifnoma xati va boshqalar hujjatlar). Qisqa muddatli vizalarni Minsk aeroporti, konsullik va elchixonalardan olish mumkin.
Olish uchun shaxsiy maqsadlar uchun viza mamlakatda 30 kundan ortiq qolishni rejalashtirgan chet el fuqarosi o'z fuqaroligi va migratsiya idorasi tomonidan Belorusiya fuqarosi uchun berilgan taklifnomani taqdim etishi kerak. Taklifnomaning asl nusxasi elchixona / konsullik yoki Milliy aeroportdagi konsullik idorasiga topshirilishi kerak, bu holda har qanday faks yoki fotokopisi chiqarib tashlanadi. Bir nechta shaxsiy viza chet elliklarga, ularning yaqin qarindoshlariga tashrif buyurishga taklifnomaning asl nusxasini taqdim etgandan so'ng beriladi. Ko'pincha Belorusiya konsulliklari migratsiya xavfsiz mamlakat fuqarolariga hech qanday taklifnomasiz shaxsiy vizalar berishadi.
Pochta orqali viza olish uchun murojaat qilishda qiyinchiliklar
Belorussiya uchun vizaga murojaat qilish mijozlarga juda yoqimsiz tajriba bo'lishi mumkin. Agar siz viza olish uchun shaxsan murojaat qila olmasangiz, qo'shimcha to'lovlarni talab qiladigan bo'lsa ham, Viza protsessing agentligi yordamidan foydalanishingiz kerak.
Odatda, kimdir viza olish uchun barcha ariza protokollarini kuzatib boradi, ammo kichik texnik xato tufayli, masalan, pul o'tkazmasi shaklidagi muammo yoki anketani to'ldirishda kichik xato tufayli rad etilishi odatiy holdir.
Kensington (London, Buyuk Britaniya), Vilnüs (Litva), Moskva (Rossiya) dagi elchixonalar / konsulliklar bilan aloqa yomon bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa elektron pochta, pochta va telefon orqali. Bundan tashqari, 48 soat ichida elektron pochta orqali so'rovlar javobsiz qolishi va tezkor Visa arizalari ko'rib chiqilmagani haqida xabarlar mavjud. Ular sizga dasturni yangilash bilan qo'ng'iroq qilishlari mumkin, ammo qo'ng'iroq qiluvchining o'zlarini tanishtirmasligi bilan aloqa yomon yoki tushunarsiz bo'lishi mumkin.
Vizalarni uzaytirish va vizasiz qolish
Kasalxonaga yotqizish kabi favqulodda vaziyatlarda, viza olish yoki mahalliy Migratsiya idorasiga murojaat qilgan holda vizasiz yashash muddatini uzaytirish mumkin. Chiqish vizasi berilishi kerak va sayohatchiga avtomobil, temir yo'l yoki havo yo'li orqali har qanday chegara punkti orqali mamlakatni tark etishga ruxsat beriladi.
Agar kerak bo'lsa, shaxsiy yoki ishbilarmonlik vizalari Minsk shahar fuqaroligi va migratsiya idorasi (aloqa telefoni 375 17 231-3809) yoki Hrodna, Brest, Minsk, Mahilyu, Gomeldagi mintaqaviy fuqarolik va migratsiya idorasi tomonidan taqdim etilganidan keyin 90 kungacha uzaytirilishi mumkin. barcha kerakli hujjatlar.
Muddati o'tgan vizalar va kerakli chiqish ruxsatnomalari
Muddati o'tgan vizangiz bo'lsa, mamlakatdan chiqib ketish uchun ruxsat olish talab qilinadi. Ular Minsk shahar pasport-viza idorasi yoki Hrodna, Brest, Minsk, Mogilev, Gomeldagi mintaqaviy pasport-viza idoralari tomonidan beriladi.
Samolyotda
| Eslatma: Rossiya aeroportida transfer orqali Belorusiyaga uchadigan odamlar rus tilini olishlari shart tranzit vizasi, odatda, sizning fuqaroligingiz yoki yashash joyingizdagi mamlakatda olinishi kerak. Belorussiyaga parvozlar Rossiya aeroportlarida ichki terminaldan foydalaniladi va shuning uchun siz Rossiya bojxonasidan o'tib, ichki terminalga o'tishingiz kerak. Agar sizda tranzit vizasi bo'lmasa va omadingiz bo'lsa, siz ko'p soatlik byurokratik kechikishni kutishingiz mumkin, aks holda ko'p hollarda xalqaro terminaldan chiqmasdan boshqa reysni topishga majbur bo'lasiz. Shuning uchun Evropa Ittifoqi aeroportlaridan Belorusiyaga parvozlar amalga oshiriladi juda tavsiya etiladi agar sizda Rossiya vizasi bo'lmasa. |
Evropaning bir nechta aviakompaniyalariga reyslar mavjud Minsk milliy aeroporti, Belaviya, Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Lot Polish Airlines, Air Baltic va Czech Airlines kompaniyalarini o'z ichiga olgan Minskdan taxminan 40 km uzoqlikda.
Yagona milliy aviakompaniya, Belaviya raqobatbardosh narxlarda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri parvozlarni taklif qiladi. Vilniusga / dan parvozlar narxi 40 evrodan past va oldindan ozgina sotib olish talab qilinadi.
Poyezdda
Jadvallar
Jadval va chiptalarni ko'rish uchun Belorussiya temir yo'li veb-sayt va uning miloddan avvalgi davri. Mening poezd dasturim. Jadval bilan quyidagi manzilda tanishish mumkin:Deutsche Bahn (JB),Polsha poezdlari PKP (inglizcha), Mustaqil davlatlar hamdo'stligi (MDH) poezdlari, Latviya poyezdlari 1, Latviya poyezdlari 2, Litva poyezdlari harakat jadvallari, Boltiqbo'yi mamlakatlaridagi poezdlar va avtobuslarning harakat jadvallari yoki Estoniya poyezdlarining harakat jadvali.
Polshadan
Polsha / Belorussiya chegarasi bo'ylab kirish / chiqish joylariga quyidagilar kiradi:
Ikki tegishli chegara shaharlari o'rtasida mahalliy poezdda borishingiz mumkin.
Litvadan
The Vilnyus<->Minsk 2,5 soat davom etadi. Siz chiptani sotib olishingiz mumkin onlayn. Ni yoqishni unutmang elektron ro'yxatdan o'tish, aks holda siz chiptani o'zi sotib olish uchun chiptalar kabinasiga tashrif buyurishingiz kerak bo'ladi (agar Vilnyusdan sayohat qilsangiz, buning iloji ham bo'lmasligi mumkin!). Rossiyaga boradigan poezdlarni bron qilmaslikka harakat qiling, chunki ular sekinroq va har doim ham elektron ro'yxatdan o'tish imkoniyati mavjud emas.
Estoniya va Latviyadan
Estoniyadan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezd yo'q, lekin siz Tallin-Tartu-Valga / Valka yo'nalishida harakat qilishingiz mumkin (Valga / Valka - Estoniya / Latviya chegarasida joylashgan shahar).
Rigadan keladigan bir nechta poezdlar bor.
Poezdda bojxona nazorati
| Eslatma: Agar siz oddiygina Belorusiya orqali o'tayotgan bo'lsangiz ham, poezdingiz to'xtamasa ham, tranzit vizasini oldindan olishingiz kerak. Amerika elchixonasi ko'plab bojxona agentlari tranzit vizasi bo'lmagan shaxslarni qamoq bilan qo'rqitish yoki "jarimalar" bilan tahdid qilishga urinishganidan ogohlantiradi. Bunday tahdidlar soxta. Chegaradagi agentlarga hech qanday pul bermang, chunki ular sizga tranzit vizasini bera olmaydi yoki to'lovlarni to'lay olmaydi; ular faqat sizga kirishni rad etishadi. Agar siz to'lovni amalga oshirsangiz va pasportingizda vizasiz kirishga ruxsat berilsa, chiqish uchun zudlik bilan elchixonangiz bilan bog'laning iroda jarima va qamoqqa olib keladi. |
Pasport nazorati poezdning o'zida sodir bo'ladi. In Chiqinglar Belorussiya yo'nalishi bo'yicha, ular odatda poezd Polshadagi stantsiyani tark etishidan oldin ham sodir bo'ladi.
Bojxona nazorati Belorussiya temir yo'l stantsiyasidagi temir yo'l stantsiyasining xonasida sodir bo'ladi. Ehtimol, siz bojxona xodimi bilan qisqa suhbat qilishingiz mumkin - yashil (e'lon qilinadigan narsa yo'q) va qizil (e'lon qilinadigan narsa) tizimlar tizimi va yashil oqimdagi shubhali ko'rinishda bo'lgan odamlarni tasodifiy tekshirish - har kim shubhali deb taxmin qilinadi. Amalda, qoidalar odatdagidek ko'rinadi - qimmat tovarlarni deklaratsiya qiling, siz ozgina miqdorda spirtli ichimliklar, sigaretalar, shaxsiy foydalanish uchun kompyuter uskunalarini import / eksport qilishingiz mumkin. Biroq, bojxona shaklining rasmiy tarkibi sizda biron bir narsa bor-yo'qligini so'raydi nashrlar. Shunday qilib, agar sizda bo'lsa, masalan. chet el pasporti olib yurishmoqda o'zingiz-o'zingiz qiling-rang-inqilob materiallar va siz haqingizda o'sha buzg'unchi ko'rinishga ega bo'lsangiz, unda siz bojxonachilarga a qonuniy sizni hibsga olish va / yoki deportatsiya qilish uchun sabab.
Ogohlantirish: temir yo'l stantsiyasidagi bojxona xonasi qaerda siz Belorussiyadan chiqasiz topish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin (ayniqsa, bekat atrofida beparvo yursangiz va kirillingiz zaif bo'lsa) va u poezd ketishdan ancha oldin yopiladi; agar siz poezd ketishidan atigi 10 daqiqa oldin kelgan bo'lsangiz, sizga bojxona nazorati va poyezdga kirish rad etiladi. Bojxona poezdda bo'lganida ham chegarada amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Safarga bir soatdan ko'proq vaqt qo'shiladi, ammo bundan tashqari, rasmiylar samarali va do'stona Brest, siz xavfsiz ravishda poezdga chiqishingiz mumkin Polsha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bojxonadan o'tmasdan (ular chegarada amalga oshiriladi).
Mashinada
Da Terespol/Brest Polsha tomoni juda sekin ishlayotganga o'xshaydi. Evropa Ittifoqining tashqi chegarasida bo'lishgan, ular o'g'irlangan mashinalar va qidirilayotgan jinoyatchilarni tekshirishadi.
Bug daryosi orqali o'tadigan ko'prikdan o'tib, Belorusiya tomonga o'tgandan so'ng, pasport ko'rsatishi kerak va ustiga avtomobilning ro'yxatdan o'tish belgisi qo'yilgan qog'ozni olish kerak. Bojxona nazorati zarurligiga qarab, bitta yashil yoki qizil kanalga o'tadi. Yashil kanalda ikkita tekshiruvni bajarish kerak, har bir tekshiruv tugashi Belorussiya tomoniga kirishda olingan qog'ozga yoziladi.
Birinchi pasport, viza va migratsiya kartalarini tekshirishni sizning mashinangiz tomon kelgan ofitser amalga oshiradi. Shuningdek, ular tibbiy sug'urtani tekshirishadi va ehtimol siz chegarada davlat majburiy tibbiy sug'urtasini turar joy kuniga 1 evro evaziga sotib olishga majbur bo'lasiz.
Ikkinchidan, transport / avtoulovni tekshirish, buning uchun bojxona zonasining oxiriga qarab maxsus oynaga o'tish kerak. Sizdan Belorusiya uchun amal qiladigan "yashil karta" (sug'urta dalillari) ko'rsatilishi talab qilinadi yoki chegara hududida kuniga 1 evro evaziga avtoulov sug'urtasini sotib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Shuningdek, sizga mashinangizni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish belgisi qo'yilgan yana bitta qog'oz beriladi. Siz buni Belarusiyadan chiqib ketishingiz bilan ko'rsatishingiz kerak bo'ladi.
Muhrlangan qog'oz bilan, oxirgi to'siq tomon oldinga borish mumkin. U yerdagi ofitser shunchaki qog'ozni olib, boshqaruvni bajarganingizni tekshiradi va sizni Belorusiyaga kiritadi.
Chernobil AESidagi radioaktiv moddalarni tekshirish uchun Geyger hisoblagichi borligiga ishonish yaxshi bo'lar edi, ammo bu amalda ishlatiladimi-yo'qmi aniq emas - bu aniq bir tarzda amalga oshirilmadi.
Belorussiyadan chiqib ketishda chegara nazorati hududiga kirishga ruxsat berishdan oldin maxsus "ekologik" soliqni to'lash kerak. Uning narxi 1 evroni tashkil etadi, Brestda esa o'ng tomondagi chegara oldidan katta binoda sotiladi.
Avtobusda
Belorusiya davlatining istalgan chegarasidan avtobusga chiqish oson.
Kimdan Tallin, Estoniya, lar bor to'g'ridan-to'g'ri avtobuslar Minskka.
Boltiqbo'yi mamlakatlaridan: Olimp[o'lik havola], Nordeka, Evrolinlar, Ekolinalar.
Avtobusdan ketish Vilnyus Minskka 4 soat vaqt ketadi va bu kabi g'arbiy xalqaro aviatashuvchilarga sodiq qolsangiz, juda qulay sayohat Evrolinlar. Kimdan Kaunas Kaunasda joylashgan Kautra kompaniyasi orqali Minskga borishingiz mumkin. Internet orqali chiptalarni oldindan bron qilish maqsadga muvofiq va arzonroq Bu yerga. Sayohat taxminan 5,5 soat davom etadi. Chiptangizni oldindan sotib oling. Before beginning travel to Belarus remember to check that all your papers are in order meaning you have valid visa and Belarus state travel insurance for your trip. For example, quick, easy and comfortable way to begin trip is to begin trip from one of the Baltic cities that have Belarussian embassy or consulate.
Qayiqda
Belarus shares many rivers with its neighbouring countries, so it's no big surprise that in Belarus each major city has a riverport and possibilities for river cruises. The easiest way to check departure times, routes and availability is to call Belarussian River Steamship Company[o'lik havola] and/or Belarusian tourist companies. It is recommended to make cruise inquiries by phone. If you cannot reach one number it is good to call other numbers that company has (phone numbers and e-mail addresses can frequently change in Belarus).
Belarusian border crossing cruises are such as from Belarus, Polotsk into Latvia's Daugavpilis and Poland's Augustow chanel. Augustow chanal cruises departure from Belarusian city called Grodno and the route is via Neman river.
By canoe
Kayak paddling, rowing and canoeing are popular hobbies in Belarus.
In some cases with special pre-planning and preparations with the authorities and tourist agents one can cross the border also by canoeing.
Oyoqda
Pererov-Bialowieza./Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park is the only border crossing for hikers and cyclists.
If you're at one of the double town crossings, e.g.
there may be some places where you can cross by foot - e.g. because you're on the last day of your Belarus visa and you want to be sure not to overstay - but more likely you'll have to befriend some people in a car who will adopt you for a few hours and will (implicitly) pretend that you're travelling with them. The border guards have no problem with this. Remember that the people in the car are taking a risk as well as you - as far as they know you might be a National Endowment for Democracy agent who will be discovered by the Belarus border guard and get them into trouble. So if they are Belarusians and they ask for a fee of US$5 consider it fair. See the section Mashinada above for what happens in your adopted car.
Atrofga boring
| Eslatma: Major motorways are toll roads in Belarus. Before the travel, check the list of toll roads. There are no toll stations. The toll for use of Belarusian roads within the BelToll system can be paid on the basis of a Pre-Paid Contract or a Post-Pay Contract. |
Belarus is not a large country, and a traveller can reach from one side of its border to the other in less than a day.
Mashinada
Travelling by car will get you far, since the infrastructure in Belarus was well developed after World War II. Gasoline is relatively cheap by European standards; 1 liter of petrol costs 1.37 BYR (July 2018), with the price fixed by the government at all fuel stations on a daily basis. You can rent cars in Minsk at the airport or city from the major international rental chains or smaller local companies.
There are many taxi companies. Yandex Taxi, which can be accessed via its mobile app or the Uber mobile app, is the most popular and offers good prices if booked via the app.
Poyezdda
Travelling by train around the country will get you to a lot of desired destinations relatively cheap and fast. Timetables for all means of transport can be found Bu yerga and for trains of course on the site of the Belarusian railway. Also, you will get a chance to capture a glimpse of Belarusian nature, as the forests and plains often start right on the edges of the cities. The country is mostly flat.
Train tickets can be bought in advance (usually 60 days in advance) on the Belarusian railway Web site. If your ticket includes an e-registration, you can print your ticket and directly board the train. If your ticket does not include the e-registration, you must first exchange it for another ticket at the station counter.
Avtobusda
Inter-city buses are cheap, relatively comfortable and relatively punctual but may be more expensive and less comfortable than trains. Bus schedules can be found online here va Bu yerga. Note that some buses sell out, so it is better book the tickets in advance. They can be purchased in bus stations.
By minibus
Little minibuses (known as a маршрутка, marshrutka), typically painted yellow, are generally cheaper than buses. Seats on inter-city ones can be reserved by phone or by walking up and paying cash.
Gapir
- Shuningdek qarang: Belarusian phrasebook, Ruscha so'zlashuv kitobi
Belarusian va Ruscha are the two official languages. Both languages are part of the Slavic language family and are closely related, and there are many similarities between the two languages. Ruscha, in general, is more widely spoken by the population. According to the 2009 census, 53.2% of Belarusian residents considered Belarusian to be their native language and 23% predominantly speak it at home.
Polish is spoken in the western parts, especially around Grodno. But most local Poles use their own dialect with Belarusian as the base and with only some Polish words and sounds.
Although English is widely taught throughout the country, very little of it is spoken, even in the capital city. A good knowledge of Russian and/or Belarusian is essential for the independent traveller.
Qarang
The appeals of Belarus are little known to the average traveller, but the off the beaten track character of this unfamiliar country is exactly what makes it special to the ones that make it here. Much of the historic heritage was lost to World War II violence or to post-war communist planning, but there's more to see than one might expect at first glance. Qabul qiling Minsk, the country's surprisingly modern yet fiercely Eastern European capital, bustling with nightclubs and modern restaurants but simultaneously a monument of Communist architecture and city development, as it had to be completely reconstructed after the war. It's home to the fine Belarus State Museum, Independence Square (where democratic protests make world news every so many years) and the former KGB Headquarters but also the humbling Zaslavsky Jewish Monument. Far more western is the border city of Brest, where you'll find the 19th-century Brest Fortress, the site of a long and severe Operation Barbarossa battle and a monument of the Soviet resistance against the Germans.
There are four World Heritage Sites to see, although one, the Struve Geodetic Arc which provided the basis for the first meridian measurement, offers little more than an inscription to see. Of more interest for visitors are the late medieval Mir Castle Complex va Nesvizh Castle. They are the best of the country's castles, but a few more can be found if you're interested. For a glance of 19th-century life, head to the Dudutki Open Air Museum. Situated near the sleepy, dusty village of Dudutki, this place brings traditional crafts such as carpentry, pottery, handicraft-making and baking to life in old-style wood-and-hay houses.
The fourth World Heritage Site is a natural one. The primeval Białowieża Forest covers part of Belarus and Poland, with the Belarus side known as Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park. Few foreign visitors make it there, but the park is home to European bison, goose and other wildlife, and there's a small museum. Other good picks for a natural experience are the Pripyat Reserve va Braslau Lakes.
Qil
- Watch football: 16 teams play soccer in the Belarusian Premier League, with four based in Minsk. The national team play at Dinamo Stadium in Minsk city centre, which is also the home ground of FC Minsk. The playing season is April-Nov. The Premier League gained attention in 2020 when it continued through the covid pandemic, so it attracted TV spectators and betting from a global audience whose local games were halted.
Music festivals
Sotib oling
Pul
Exchange rates for New Belarusian ruble As of May 2020:
Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com |
The national currency is the New Belarusian Ruble, denoted as p (ISO code: BYN), also known as the "third ruble". The first post-Soviet ruble is debased x 1000 and basically worthless. The second (marked with 2000) is still exchangeable.
Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Check particularly the "spread", i.e. the difference between "buy" and "sell" for foreign currency.
Within Belarus, you can buy rubles (but seldom western currencies) from ATMs using western credit or debit cards. You can also change US dollars and euros into rubles and vice versa at exchange kiosks in Minsk airport, main railway stations and big city centres. Convert leftover cash before you leave, as changing rubles outside Belarus will be difficult and poor value, except in the bordering post-Soviet countries of Lithuania, Latvia and Moldova.
Exchange kiosks will not exchange notes that are damaged or marked, or may charge extra commission for doing so.
Most larger supermarkets, stores and hotels have credit card terminals, but smaller shops often do not. Visa and MasterCard are accepted, but American Express is not.
Xarid qilish
Prices are typically much lower than in Western Europe, especially for supermarket food and the service industry.
The burilish situation is not particularly clear. You are not expected to tip in most situations, but in restaurants (especially higher-end), service charges may not be added to your bill; in that case, add around 10%.
Yemoq
In a nutshell: potatoes, pork, beef, bread.
If you are looking for a national gourmet meal - you are in the right place. Most of the products and ingredients are organic, and radiation levels are constantly checked in the food to avoid contamination.
- Take fresh aurochs, and if you do not have any, you can use the elk instead. - From an 18th-century Belarusian cookbook
Modern Belarusian cookery is based on old national traditions, which have undergone a long historical evolution, with similarities to the Rus oshxonasi. But the main methods of traditional Belarusian cuisine are carefully maintained by the people.
Dishes made with potatoes, which are called "the second bread", are common in Belarus. The Belarusians bring fame to their beloved potato in their verses, songs and dances. There are special potato cafes in the country where you can try various potato dishes. Many salads include potatoes; they are served together with mushrooms and/or meat; different pirazhki (patties) and baked puddings are made from it. The most popular among the Belarusians is traditional draniki (known as "latkes" to North Americans, but eaten only with sour cream, never apple sauce), thick pancakes prepared from shredded potatoes. The wide spread of potato dishes in Belarusian cuisine can be explained by natural climatic conditions of Belarus which are propitious for growing highly starched and tasty sorts of potatoes.
Meat and meat products, especially pork and salted pork fat, play a major role in the diet of Belarusians. One of the people's proverbs says: "There is no fish more tasty than tench, and there is no meat better than pork". Salted pork fat is used slightly smoked and seasoned with onions and garlic. Pyachysta is one of the traditional holiday dishes. This is boiled, stewed or roasted sucking pig, fowl or large chunks of pork or beef. Dishes prepared from meat are usually served together with potatoes or vegetables such as carrots, cabbage, black radishes or peas. It is characteristic that many vegetable and meat dishes are prepared in special stoneware pots.
Among fish dishes, the Belarusians prefer yushka, galki and also baked or boiled river fish without special seasonings. In general, the most common seasonings are onions, garlic, parsley, dill, caraway seeds and pepper; they are used very moderately in Belarusian cookery. The national dishes are hearty and tasty nonetheless. Among the fruit and vegetable choices are fresh, dried, salted and pickled mushrooms, and berries such as bilberries, wild strawberries, red whortleberries, raspberries and cranberries. Of flour dishes, the most popular is zacirka. Pieces of specially prepared dough are boiled in water, and then milk is poured over them or they are garnished with salted pork fat. The Belarusians prefer to use whole milk, which affected some methods of making yoghurt and the so-called klinkovy cottage cheese. In Belarusian cuisine, milk is widely used for mixing in vegetable and flour dishes.
Signature dishes include draniki, Potato babka, knish, pyachysta and zacirka.
Foreign cuisine
There are several foreign chains in Belarus including McDonald's, KFC, and TGI Friday's. There are also French, Italian, and Asian restaurants. Pizza is a very popular dish at many restaurants.
Ichish
Typical non-alcoholic drinks include kefir, which is a sort of sour milk, similar to yogurt, kvas va kompot.
Aroq (harelka), bitter herbal nastoikas (especially Belavezhskaja) and sweet balsams are the most common alcoholic drinks.
Krambambula is a traditional medieval alcoholic drink which you can buy in most stores or order in a restaurant. It's a pretty strong drink but its taste is much softer than vodka.
Medovukha (or myadukha) is a honey-based alcoholic beverage very similar to mead.
Sbiten is a combination of kvass, another common soft alcohol drink, with honey.
Berezavik yoki biarozavy sok is a birch tree sap which is collected in March from small holes in birch tree trunks with no harm to the plants themselves. There are several variations of this very refreshing alcohol-free drink, which is a good thirst-quencher in hot weather.
Uyqu
Don't leave valuable items, such as computers, mobile phones, or wallets/cash in hotel rooms as there have been reports of thefts by housekeepers.
O'rganing
Belarus has a well-developed educational system. Education is free for citizens at all levels, including higher education for talented students. In May 2015, Belarus officially became a participant in the Bologna Process.
In the late 2010s, more and more Belarusians began enrolling in Russian-medium institutions rather than Belarusian-medium institutions.
Belarus is an excellent place to develop your Russian-language skills. You can take advantage of this opportunity by taking a few courses at the Belarus State Economic University [1] and/or the Minsk State Linguistic University [2].
Xavfsiz bo'ling
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Belarus is generally a safe country, largely in part due to the fact that crime is punished severely by the Belarusian government. This said, petty crimes still take place, and they typically occur around areas frequented by tourists, poorly lit areas, and public transportation venues. It's important to be aware of your surroundings.
Do not criticise the Belarusian government. Criticism of the government is not tolerated, and this carries heavy penalities. In August 2020, it was widely reported that the authorities detained and beat up several protestors, and one presidential candidate had to flee the country for her own safety. Your views/questions on Belarusian politics can make many people uncomfortable, and a critical comment heard by the wrong person can land you in hot water with the Belarusian justice system. For your own safety, avoid participating in, photographing, and not keeping away from political demonstrations. How fast you get out depends on your connections, your social status, and so on, but don't expect this to be a easy process if you don't speak Belarusian and/or Ruscha.
Many demonstrations can be identified by seeing a red and white banner: a white background, with a strip of red going horizontally across in the centre, forming a white/red/white flag. If you see this flag, do your best to stay away from the demonstration.
Do not clap your hands in public; This is a gesture used by government critics to mock the Lukashenko administration and you can arouse suspicion from the authorities.
Public drunkeness va using foul language in public are regarded as misdemeanours, and you can expect to be fined by the authorities for engaging in such behaviours. Repeatedly engaging in them can lead to an administrative arrest.
Many Belarusians, including the older generation, do not approve of same-sex relationships. LGBT travellers unlikely to face violence, but they may encounter aggression, cold looks, and hostility. If you are LGBT, it's recommended that you do not display your affections in public.
Avoid visiting night clubs and discothèques, as these are operated by criminal gangs willing to search for greater money, but street-level organized criminal violence is rare and does not generally affect expatriates.
Cyber-crime of all kinds is well-developed in Belarus. Merchandise orders with fraudulent credit cards, ID theft, hacking, blackmail schemes, and Nigerian-style advanced fee fraud are gaining in popularity. If you are doing business with persons or firms in Belarus electronically, you should proceed with extreme caution. Not only is electronic fraud common at ATMs and grocery stores, serious injuries have been inflicted during assaults at street-side ATMs.
Security personnel may at times place you, as a foreigner, under surveillance; hotel rooms, telephones, and fax machines may be monitored, and personal possessions in hotel rooms may be searched. Taking photographs of anything that could be perceived as being of military or security interest may result in problems with authorities; these sites are not always clearly marked and the application of these restrictions is subject to interpretation.
Visible and hidden dangers exist, including potholes, unlighted or poorly lighted streets, inattentive and dark-clothed pedestrians walking on unlighted roads, drivers and pedestrians under the influence of alcohol, and disregard for traffic rules. Driving in winter is especially dangerous because of ice and snow. Drivers are urged to exercise caution at all times.
The KGB in Belarus has not changed its name since the days of the Soviet Union - it is still called the KGB, and its habits have probably not changed much either.
Some ethnic Polish journalists and journalists with Polish citizenship had hassles with the authorities (ranging from being refused entry to a dozen or so days in prison) during 2005. If you have a Polish sounding name, you had better have good evidence that you're not a journalist.
Belarus police organizations are well trained and professional, but severely restricted by an unreformed Soviet-era legal system, corruption, and politicization of the police force and other government authorities. Due to low salaries, it is not uncommon for officers to collect bribes during traffic stops. Sophisticated criminal investigations are often inconclusive because of a lack of resources and/or political will.
Driving in Belarus in nerve-wracking. Drivers attack their art with an equal mix of aggressiveness and incompetence. Guidelines tend to be lax and rarely followed.
Toilets are very frequent in Belarus; however, they are usually neither free nor adapted to wheelchairs. Also note they rarely have available paper (except perhaps in touristy places such as museums), and are often squatting-style.
Sog'lom bo'ling
Medical care is generally poor and is well below western standards. Furthermore, the system is generally inaccessible to those who aren't proficient in Russian and/or Belarusian. Even if you have travel health insurance it might not be valid in Belarus.
Ambulances are poorly equipped and unreliable; a wait time of 30 minutes or more is not unusual. The fastest way to secure Western European-level care is medical evacuation to the Yevropa Ittifoqi.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasingly serious health concern in Belarus. Consider consulting with a doctor about getting vaccinated before traveling to Belarus.
The impact of the Chernobyl disaster on the food chain is an ongoing study. Food inspectors check food not only for bacterial contamination but also its radiation levels. Most food is considered xavfsiz, except if sourced from the banned regions within 50 km of the Chernobyl plant or the second hotspot around the intersection of the Ruscha, Ukrainian and Belarusian borders.
Müslüm suvi bu not safe for drinking. Buy bottled water.
Hurmat
Although Belarus has a close relationship with Russia, do not confuse Belarusians as Russians; Some Belarusians may be offended by this. Belarusians regard themselves as separate people.
Women are traditionally treated with chivalry. Female travellers should not be surprised or alarmed if their male Belarusian friends take the initiative to pay the bills at a restaurant, open every door in front of them, and/or help them carry items or objects. Male travellers should understand that these nuances will be expected by Belarusian women, even if they're not in a romantic relationship with a Belarusian woman.
Belarusians have a marvelously and intimately quiet way of communicating in public. It's best to try and follow suit to avoid standing out like a sore thumb.
As in many places around the former Soviet Union, smiling is reserved for friends and close relationships. This can cause foreigners to think that Belarusians are cold and unwelcoming, but it should be understood that smiling at someone you're not close to is considered insincere behaviour; It could get someone to think that you're ridiculing or mocking them.
Belarusians are generally reserved and take time to gradually open up to people. Don't be put off if people deliver brief, terse answers at first — This is not to indicate disinterest. By gradually gaining the trust and companionship of Belarusians, they will gradually warm up to you.
Avoid passing strong statements on Belarus' political situation and/or Lukashenko; They're incredibly inappropriate topics of conversation, and many Belarusians are uncomfortable discussing those subjects.
As tourists to Belarus are rare, you may arouse curiosity and a few open stares if you are of African, Latino, and/or Asian descent. This is not to indicate hostility.
Ulanmoq
There are 3 major GSM providers in Belarus, all of which offer prepaid SIM cards for Internet access and phone calls.
- MTS[o'lik havola] - Has the best coverage
- A1 - Has good coverage
- Life:) - Has the worst coverage of the 3 providers
You will need to show your passport at the point of purchase. All 3 service providers have plans geared for tourists that cost around 15 BYR and provide around 2GB of data, with more available for purchase at additional cost.
At places with free Wi-Fi, you will need to enter your cell phone number to receive a validation code via SMS.