Gruziya (mamlakat) - Georgia (country)

Xuddi shu nomdagi boshqa joylar uchun qarang Gruziya (ajralish).

COVID-19 ma `lumot: 2020 yil 29-noyabrdan 2021-yil 31-yanvargacha to'liq blokirovka qilingan: barcha shaharlararo yo'lovchilar tashish to'xtatiladi (temir yo'l, avtobus yoki mikroavtobusda) Tbilisi, Telavi, Batumi, Kutaisi, Rustavi, Gori, Poti va Zugdidi shaharlarida shahar transporti to'xtatiladi. restoranlar va ovqatlanish joylari butunlay masofadan turib xizmat ko'rsatish ob'ektlariga aylantiriladi soat 21:00 dan 5:00 gacha komendantlik soati; qoidabuzarlik uchun jarima 2000 lari (€500) barcha do'konlar (oziq-ovqat, hayvonot oziq-ovqat do'konlari, dorixonalar, veterinariya dorixonalari, maishiy kimyo va gigiena do'konlari, press-kiosklardan tashqari) yopiq bo'ladi Barcha dolzarb ma'lumotlar va mamlakatga kirish qoidalari quyidagi manzilda joylashgan rasmiy veb-sayt tashqi ishlar vazirligi. Zamonaviy axborot manbalari: ☏1505 (Sog'liqni saqlash vazirligining ishonch telefoni) stopcov.ge (chegarani kesib o'tish qoidalari va COVID19 bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlar) mfa.gov.ge (Gruziyadan / ga uchadigan barcha reyslarning dolzarb ro'yxati)

(Axborot oxirgi marta 01 dekabr 2020 yil yangilangan)

Gruziya (Gruzin: Zarb, Sakartvelo) bu mamlakat Kavkaz. Orasida sendvich Rossiya shimolda va kurka janubda, u qirg'oq bo'ylab joylashgan Qora dengiz. Bu juda tog'li mamlakat va ba'zilarining uyi EvropaEng baland tog 'cho'qqilari. Oddiy o'lchamiga qaramay, Jorjiya sharqda quruq vinochilik vodiylaridan tortib to shov-shuvgacha bo'lgan boshqa landshaftlar va mikroiqlimlarning katta aralashmasini namoyish etadi. Qora dengiz kurortlari g'arbda. In Yunoncha mifologiya, Jorjiya Jeyson va Argonavtlar izlagan mashhur Oltin Flees saytidir. Gruziyaning qadimiy tarixi haqidagi ertaklar bejiz emas; zamonaviy arxeologik dalillar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Gruziya dunyodagi eng qadimgi sharob ishlab chiqaruvchi mamlakat bo'lib, ba'zi sharob namunalari miloddan avvalgi 6000 yillarga tegishli. Ushbu boy merosga vasiyat qilib, Gruziyaning shaharlari va qishloqlari o'rta asr cherkovlari bilan to'la, ularning bir nechtasi YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ob'ektlari. Jinoiy va korrupsiyaning past darajasidan zavqlanib, 2000-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab Gruziya tez rivojlanayotgan mamlakatga aylandi. Mamlakatning turistik infratuzilmasi kengayishda davom etmoqda.

Mintaqalar

Gruziya mintaqalari

Kartli Gruziya yuragi, Sharqiy Gruziya madaniyatining markazi va milliy iqtisodiy, madaniy va siyosiy markaz; kabi ko'plab yirik yo'nalishlarga ega uy Tbilisi, Mtsxeta, Gori va Kazbegi

Rioni viloyati G'arbiy Jorjiyaning markazi va Oltin Fleece mamlakati bo'lgan Kolxida qadimiy qirolligi; bugun muhtasham uy YuNESKO saytlari va ikkalasida ham hayoliy tog'li manzara Racha va Imereti

Kaxeti Gurjistonning serhosil sharob mintaqasi, nisbatan quruq iqlimi, vodiylar, go'zal cherkovlar, monastirlar va vino zavodlariga to'la

Janubiy-g'arbiy Jorjiya Gruziyaning dengiz bo'yidagi kurortlari markazi, shu jumladan mamlakatning ikkinchi yirik shahri Batumi

Shimoliy-g'arbiy Jorjiya G'arbiy Mingreliyaning botqoq va pasttekisliklaridan Yuqori Svanetidagi Evropaning eng baland tog'laridan biriga o'tuvchi turli xil landshaft maydoni.

Samtsxe-Javaxeti G'or shahariga uy Vardziya va sehrli Sapara monastiri. Bu hududda Gruziyaning etnik qismi ham mavjud Arman aholi

Bahsli hududlar (Abxaziya, Janubiy Osetiya) Gruziyaning markaziy hukumat tomonidan nazorat qilinmaydigan rossiyaparast bo'linuvchi mintaqalari; Abxaziya subtropik plyajdir, Janubiy Osetiya esa Katta Kavkaz tog'larida baland bo'lib, sayohatchiga xavfli va tog 'vistasidan tashqarida juda kam narsa mavjud. Ikkala hudud ham Rossiya chegarachilari tomonidan nazorat qilinadi.

Shaharlar

• 41.722544.79251 Tbilisi - Gruziyaning eng kosmopolit va xilma-xil shaharlari - Tbilisi nafaqat mamlakat poytaxti, balki Gruziya aholisining deyarli uchdan bir qismini o'z ichiga olgan markazdir. Bu eski klassik va ultra zamonaviy binolarning qiziqarli aralashmasi.
• 41.63888942.9861112 Axaltixe - ning kichik kapitali Samtsxe-Javaxeti ikki mashhur sayyohlik yo'nalishi yaqinida: Vardziya va Sapara monastiri
• 41.64583333333341.6416666666673 Batumi - Gruziyaning ikkinchi yirik shahri, Qora dengiz sohilidagi ko'tarilgan osmono'par binolar va palma xazinalari fonida klassik binolar aralashmasi.
• 41.833343.38334 Borjomi - Mashhur mineral suvi, milliy bog'i va rus Romanovlar sulolasining yozgi qasri joylashgan go'zal shahar
• 41.98168611111144.1124166666675 Gori - Stalinning sobiq shahri
• 42.2542.76 Kutaisi - Gruziyaning uchinchi yirik shahri va qadimiy Kolxidaning tarixiy poytaxti, ikkitasi joylashgan YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ob'ektlari
• 41.8544.7166666666677 Mtsxeta - Sharqiy Jorjiyaning tarixiy sobiq poytaxti, Gruziya pravoslav cherkovining markazi va boshqa YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ob'ekti Tbilisidan kunlik sayohat oson.
• 43.00333333333341.0152777777788 Siqnagi - Sahna ko'rinishi va sharoblari bilan sayyohlar orasida mashhur bo'lgan tog'li kichik shaharcha
• 41.91666666666745.4833333333339 Telavi - poytaxti Kaxeti yaqin sharob zavodlari, qasrlar va monastirlar uchun yaxshi sakrash nuqtasidir

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

Shimoliy-G'arbiy Gruziyadagi Svanetining qo'pol tog 'landshaftlari

• 42.91638888888943.0113888888891 Yuqori Svaneti - atrofida joylashgan Evropaning eng baland aholi yashaydigan mintaqasi Mestiya, sirli Svanlarning uyi va a YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati
• 41.75138888888943.5280555555562 Bakuriani chang'i yo'llari - Bir marta Qishki Olimpiada o'yinlari va mamlakat janubidagi asosiy chang'i kurorti
• 42.50457805555644.4539369444443 Gruziya harbiy magistrali - baland tog 'manzaralari bo'ylab xavfli tik egri chiziqlar bo'ylab yugurish, dan Tbilisi ga Vladikavkaz, Rossiya. Ba'zan Invasion Highway.
• 41.7545.7166666666674 Kaxeti sharob zavodlari - Ayniqsa, 19-asr Chateau Muxrani, Tsinandali ko'chmas mulki va atrofida va boshqalar joylashgan Signagi
• 42.744.5166666666675 Kazbeg tog'i - eng baland tog'lardan Evropa shuningdek, jarlikka qaragan tepalikning tepasida joylashgan Muqaddas Uch Birlik cherkovi joylashgan.
• 41.44754445.3763576 Devid Garja monastiri majmuasi - VI asrga qarashli tog'da joylashgan g'or monastiri Ozarbayjon chiroyli freskalari bilan cho'l
• 42.34638888888944.6927777777787 Pasanauri tosh yamaqlar - Gruziyaning Buyuk Kavkaz tog'laridagi asosiy chang'i kurorti, Gruziya harbiy magistraligacha Kazbegi
• 42.65833333333345.1569444444448 Shatili - Rossiya bilan chegaraga yaqin baland tog'li qishloq. Taxminan 1400 metr balandlikda joylashgan Arguni darasida joylashgan qishloq - bu o'rta asrlardan to erta qal'alarning noyob majmuasi va tosh va ohak bilan mustahkamlangan uylar.
• 43.072342.60969 Mazeri - Svaneti tog 'qishlog'i, ajoyib alp landshaftlari va ulkan sharsharalar bilan o'ralgan.
• 41.38084166666743.28376111111110 Vardziya - Katta daryo darasiga qarashli 12-asr g'or monastiri
• 41.96666444.20750511 Uplistsixe - butparast dinlarning yirik mintaqaviy markazi bo'lgan 3600 yillik Ipak yo'li g'or shahri.

Tushuning

Poytaxt	Tbilisi
Valyuta	Gruziya larisi (GEL)
Aholisi	3,7 million (2017)
Elektr	220 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, Schuko)
Mamlakat kodi	995
Vaqt zonasi	UTC 04:00
Favqulodda vaziyatlar	112, 111 (o't o'chirish bo'limi), 113 (shoshilinch tibbiy xizmat), 122 (politsiya)
Haydash tomoni	to'g'ri
Wikidata-da tahrirlash

Miloddan avvalgi 2-asrda Gruziyadan bo'lgan klassik haykal, Gruziya milliy muzeyida namoyish etilgan

Gruziya o'ziga xos madaniyat va boy tarixga ega mamlakat bo'lib, uni mumtoz qadimgi va hatto undan ham ilgari surish mumkin. Arxeologlar miloddan avvalgi 6000 yilga oid sharob ishlab chiqarishning eng qadimgi izlarini Gruziyada topdilar. Uzumchilikning uzoq yillik tarixi tufayli uzumzor O'rta asr bezaklari, o'ymakorligi va rasmlarini bezab turgan Gruziyaning milliy ramzlaridan biridir. Hozirgi Gruziya alifbosi o'ziga xos egri shakllariga ega bo'lib, uzum uzumlari va burmalariga o'xshash tarzda ishlab chiqilgan.

Gruziyaliklar o'zgacha madaniyatli odamlar bilan aloqasi yo'q Ruslar, Turklar yoki Yunonlar, shuningdek, ularni o'rab turgan boshqa millatlar bilan hech qanday etnik va lingvistik aloqalar mavjud emas. Gruzinlarni bog'laydigan akademik nazariyalar mavjud Bask va Korsika janubi-g'arbiy Evropada yashovchilar, ammo buning aniq dalillari yo'q. Asrlar davomida gruzinlar dunyodagi eng yirik imperiyalarga (Rim, Mo'g'ul, Vizantiya, Fors, Usmonli va ruslar) qarshi hokimiyat uchun kurashlarga kirishdilar, ammo ular baribir o'zligini saqlab qolishdi. Ushbu uzoq tarixga vasiyat qilib, Gruziyaning qishloq joylari qadimgi minoralar, monastirlar va YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ob'ektlari bilan qoplangan bo'lib, ular katta qiyinchiliklardan omon qolgan.

Ismning aniq kelib chiqishi Gruziya hech qachon o'rnatilmagan, ammo uning isbotlanishi haqida bir qator nazariyalar mavjud. Ba'zilar bu nomning kelib chiqishini St George-ning gruzinlar orasida mashhurligi bilan izohladilar (Sent-Jorj - Gruziyaning homiysi avliyo). Boshqalar bu ismni yunoncha rγεωp ("qishloq xo'jaligi") so'zi yoki ularning ba'zi farqlari bilan bog'laydilar. Gurjilar odatda bu ism avliyo Jorj bilan bog'liqligini aytishadi, chunki bu ularning yuragiga eng yaqin tushuntirish.

Gruzinlarning aksariyati Sharqiy pravoslav xristianlar bo'lib, ular yunon, rus va boshqa Evropa pravoslav dinlarini qamrab olgan. Rossiyadan tashqari, Gruziya mintaqadagi yagona Sharqiy pravoslav xristian mamlakati hisoblanadi (ommabop e'tiqodga zid ravishda, Armaniston bu alohida cherkov bo'lgan Sharqiy pravoslav). Garchi Gruziya madaniyatiga nasroniylik kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatgan bo'lsa-da, noma'lum dindor gruzinlarning katta qismi tarixiy va madaniy sabablarga ko'ra o'z e'tiqodlarida faol qatnashmaydilar va din bilan birlashadilar. Aksariyat odamlar cherkovga faqat maxsus kunlarda tashrif buyurishadi va diniy bayramlar diniy dogmaga qaraganda ziyofatlar va an'analarga rioya qilish bilan bog'liq. Biroq, G'arbiy Evropaliklar uchun gruzinlar juda dindor ko'rinadi.

Shunga qaramay, ular bir vaqtning o'zida juda zamonaviy va musiqa didi ajoyib va ​​rivojlangan. Osiyoda siz yomon mahalliy estrada musiqasi, ko'z yoshlari va an'anaviy jingle-janglilarning odatiy aralashuvini qaerdan olasiz, gruzinlar 60-70-yillarda xalqaro klassikalarni, jazz va blyuzni va eski pop musiqasini afzal ko'rishadi. Bundan tashqari, mahalliy musiqa ko'pincha Reggae va Ska uslublari bilan improvizatsiya qiladi.

Tarixiy obzor

Gruziya shohi Vaxtang VI qo'llab-quvvatlashga intildi Frantsiya Papa davlatlari islomiy bosqinlarga qarshi kurashish maqsadida. G'arbiy Evropa kuchlari bilan dushman qo'shnilariga qarshi turish uchun ittifoq qilish - Gruziya tarixida takrorlanib turadigan mavzu

Klassik va o'rta asrlar davrlari

In Yunoncha mifologiya, Jorjiyaning g'arbiy qirg'oqlari Jeyson va Argonautlar izlagan mashhur Oltin Fleece edi. Oltin yunonni yunon mifologiyasiga qo'shilishida qadimgi Gruziya tog'li daryolardan oltin changni elakdan o'tkazish uchun junlardan foydalanish amaliyoti ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Qadimgi yunonlar bilan aloqalardan tashqari, turli xil dastlabki Gruziya shohliklari asrlar davomida mijozlar va Rim imperiyasining ittifoqchilari bo'lgan. IV asrda avliyo Nino ismli yunon tilida so'zlashadigan rim ayol - Sankt-Jorjning qarindoshi bo'lgan - Gruziyada nasroniylikni targ'ib qila boshladi va bu ilgari butparast shohlikning oxir-oqibat konversiyasiga olib keldi.

10-asrga kelib, turli xil gruzin tilida so'zlashadigan davlatlar birlashib, 12 va 13-asrlarda kuchli mintaqaviy kuchga aylangan Gruziya Qirolligini tashkil etishdi. Gruzin oltin asri. Ushbu tiklanish davri turklarni haydab chiqarishga muvaffaq bo'lgan Jorjiya qiroli Dovud IV, Jorj II va malika Yelena o'g'li tomonidan ochilgan. Bu vaqt ichida Gruziyaning ta'siri Sharqiy Evropada Ukrainaning janubidan Forsning shimoliy eshiklariga qadar tarqaldi. Yunoniston singari ittifoqdoshi singari, O'rta asrlarda ham ma'lum bir ma'noda Evropaning darvozaboni bo'lgan - periferik mamlakat bo'lganligi sababli, islomiy bosqinlarning aksariyati Gruziyaga tegdi.

O'rta asrlarning oxirlarida mo'g'ullar va boshqa ko'chmanchi xalqlarning doimiy hujumlari tufayli Gruziya asta-sekin tanazzulga yuz tutdi va sinib ketdi. Mo'g'ullarni Jorj V Brilliant haydab chiqardi, ammo turli musulmon bosqinchilar ergashdilar, bu sohaga to'liq tiklanish uchun etarli vaqt bermadilar. Konstantinopolning qulashidan so'ng Gruziyaning geosiyosiy ahvoli yanada yomonlashdi, demak, Gruziya endi izolyatsiya qilingan anklav bo'lib, u bilan hech qanday umumiyligi bo'lmagan dushman turk-eronlik qo'shnilar bilan o'ralgan. Bosim ostida, Gruziya tez orada parchalanib, Usmonli Turkiya va Forsga navbati bilan Gruziyaning g'arbiy va sharqiy mintaqalarini bo'ysundirishga imkon berdi.

19-asrning eng taniqli gruzin ayollaridan biri, malika Ketrin Dadiani G'arbiy Jorjiyadagi Usmonlilarning bostirib kirishiga qarshilik ko'rsatgani bilan yodda qoldi

18-19 asrlar

XV asr o'rtalaridan boshlab, G'arbiy va Sharqiy Gruziya qirolliklarining hukmdorlari bir necha bor Evropaning yirik davlatlaridan yordam so'radilar, ammo bu natija bermadi. Sharqiy Gruziya qiroli Vaxtang VI o'zining elchisi Saba Orbeliani yubordi Frantsiya va Papa davlatlari Gruziya uchun yordamni ta'minlash uchun, ammo aniq bir narsa ta'minlanmadi. G'arbiy Evropa yordamining etishmasligi Gruziyani fosh qildi - bosqinchi Usmonli armiyasi tomonidan itarilgan Vaxtang ham, Orbeliani ham oxir-oqibat Buyuk Pyotrdan himoya qilish taklifini qabul qilishga majbur bo'lishdi va Rossiyaga qochib ketishdi. Zamonaviy Gruziyada Orbelianining Frantsiyadagi diplomatik vakolatxonasi G'arb Gruziyaning yordam so'rab qilgan murojaatlarini qanday qilib e'tiborsiz qoldirganligi haqidagi kinotelyonga aylanadi.

Yaxshi variantlarsiz qolgan 1783 yilda Sharqiy Gruziya Rossiya imperiyasi bilan munozarali Georgievsk shartnomasini imzoladi. Pravoslav nasroniylikning ikki xalq o'rtasidagi aloqasini tan olgan holda, shartnoma Gruziyani Rossiyaning protektorati sifatida tashkil etdi, shu bilan birga Gruziyaning hududiy yaxlitligi va uning hukmronlik qilayotgan sulolasining davom etishiga kafolat berdi. Va'dalarga qaramay, Rossiya savdoni oxiriga etkazmadi: zudlik bilan xorijiy bosqinchilarga qarshi yordam berolmadi va buning o'rniga Gruziyani dastlabki kelishuv ruhiga zid ravishda o'zlashtira boshladi. Rossiya Gruziya pravoslav cherkovini mahalliy rus arxiyepiskopi maqomiga tushirdi, shu bilan birga Gruziya qirolligini rus zodagonlari darajasiga tushirdi, bularning barchasi ko'plab gruzinlarni xafa qildi. Mamlakat tezda Rossiya imperatorlik oilasi uchun kurortga aylandi, uning ayrim a'zolari nafas olish muammolari bo'lgan va Gruziyaning toza, tog 'iqlimini yaxshi ko'rgan.

20-asr

Rossiya imperiyasi ostida bir asrdan ko'proq yashab, 1918 yilda Gruziya o'zining ilk zamonaviy respublikasini tashkil etdi Nemis va Inglizlar harbiy yordam. Biroq, tez orada Rossiya Gruziyani betaraf davlatga aylantirdi, natijada Britaniya qo'shinlari mamlakatni tark etishdi. Germaniya va Angliya tenglamadan chiqqanidan so'ng, atigi bir necha oy o'tgach, Rossiya Gruziyani Sovet Ittifoqiga bostirib kirdi. Ushbu noxush voqealar XXI asrda harbiy betaraflik Gruziyada mashhur bo'lmagan tushunchadir va siyosiy martaba tugatishi mumkin bo'lgan sabablardan biri bo'lib qoladi.

Sovet Ittifoqi davrida Gruziya o'zining o'g'li Iosif Stalinning qo'lidan dahshatli repressiyalarni boshdan kechirdi, u o'n minglab odamlarni tozalab o'ldirdi. Ammo bu davr ham katta o'zgarishlar bilan keldi. Gruziya o'zining kurortlari, kurortlari, oshxonasi va sharoblari bilan mashhur bo'lgan yanada rivojlangan Sovet respublikalaridan biriga aylandi. 1991 yilda Sovet Ittifoqi qulaganidan so'ng, Gruziya mustaqilligini tikladi, ammo juda og'ir narxda. Abxaziya va Janubiy Osetiyadagi rossiyaparast ayirmachilar bo'linish urushlarini olib borib, mamlakatni 90-yillarning aksariyat qismida xaosga tortishdi.

21-asr

Bag'doddagi Gruziya qo'shinlari, 2006 yil

Gruziyaning notinch davri 2003 yildagi tinch atirgullar inqilobidan so'ng o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, mamlakat Shimoliy Atlantika Shartnomasi Tashkiloti (NATO) va Evropaning turli institutlari bilan integratsiyalashishga qaratilgan qator yirik demokratik va iqtisodiy islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. Gruziya Rossiyani xafa qilgani uchun mintaqadagi eng sodiq amerikalik ittifoqchiga aylandi. 2016 yildan boshlab Gruziyaning NATO va Evropa Ittifoqi bilan aloqalari Rossiyaning kuchli qarshiliklariga qarshi bosqichma-bosqich chuqurlashishda davom etmoqda. Davom etayotgan siyosiy kelishmovchiliklar tufayli Rossiya va Gruziya hanuzgacha rasmiy diplomatik aloqalarga ega emaslar va Shveytsariya elchixonalari tomonidan vakili.

Transparency International hisobotiga ko'ra, Gruziya Qora dengiz mintaqasidagi eng kam korruptsiyalangan mamlakat, shu jumladan barcha yaqin qo'shnilari, shuningdek, yaqin Evropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlari. Gruziya Evropa Kengashi, Evropada Xavfsizlik va Hamkorlik Tashkiloti, shuningdek Evrokontrol a'zosi; 2014 yildan beri u Evropa Ittifoqining Erkin savdo zonasining bir qismidir. Garchi Gruziya hech qachon Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo bo'lish to'g'risida iltimos qilmagan bo'lsa-da, 2014 yilda Evropa Parlamenti ko'pchilik ovoz bilan rezolyutsiyani yoqlab, Gruziya bilan birga Moldova va Ukraina, zarur demokratik standartlarga javob berish sharti bilan, Ittifoqqa a'zo bo'lish huquqiga ega.

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Gruziya so'zlashuv kitobi

Til muxlislari uchun gruzin tili va uning shevalari hayratga soladigan narsadir. Biroq, hamma uchun ular dahshatli tush bo'lishi mumkin. Gruzin Gruziyadan tashqarida gaplashadigan tillarga hech qanday aloqasi yo'q va u undoshlari bilan mashhur. Nafaqat bir nechta, balki ko'p so'zlar kamida ikkitadan boshlanadi. Shuncha odamni bir-biriga bog'lab qo'yish mumkin sakkiz kabi undoshlar vprtskvni (ვფრცქვნი), ya'ni "men uni tozalayman" degan ma'noni anglatadi. Shuni yodda tutingki, ba'zi bir undosh klasterlar mavjud, chunki gruzin tilidagi ba'zi tovushlarni faqat ingliz tilida bir nechta harflar bilan ifodalash mumkin. Asl gruzincha so'zlar, odatda, paydo bo'lishidan ancha qisqa va unchalik murakkab emas.

Tiflis atrofida va atrofida ingliz tili ko'pincha yaxshi gapiriladi, ammo Gruziyaning g'arbiy qismida bu qiyinlashishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, tashrif buyurgan har bir kishi kamida bir nechta gruzin tilini o'rganishga harakat qilishi kerak (va keksa odamlar yoki ozchiliklar bilan muloqot qilishda bir nechta ruscha so'zlar). Rus tilini yaxshi tushunadigan odamlar qatoriga quyidagilar kiradi: ozarbayjonlar, armanilar, abxaziyaliklar, osetinlar va boshqalar kabi katta avlodlar va etnik ozchiliklar (sababi Sovet Ittifoqi davrida rus tili majburiy bo'lgan, har bir Sovet respublikasining mahalliy tillari bunday bo'lmagan). Rus tilida gaplashish etnik ozchiliklar yashaydigan joylarda, ayniqsa aholisining 50% ozariylar bo'lgan Kvemo Kartli va aholining 50% etnik armanlar bo'lgan Samtsxe-Javaxeti hududlarida foydali va tavsiya etiladi.

1990 yilda Sovet Ittifoqi qulaganidan beri ma'lumot olgan gruzinlar, shuningdek, o'qimishli elita asosan o'qishni afzal ko'rishadi Ingliz tilibu qisman ularning Rossiya ta'sir doirasidan uzoqlashish istagi bilan bog'liq. Viloyatlardagi ingliz tilini sifatli o'qitish imkoniyati past, ammo 2000-yillarda ko'plab maktablar ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan ko'ngillilarni qabul qildilar va ingliz tili tezda butun mamlakat bo'ylab ikkinchi tilga aylanmoqda. Yordamga muhtoj bo'lganingizda, yoshroq odamlarni qidiring; ular ingliz tilini bilish ehtimoli ko'proq.

Nihoyat, belgilar Gruziyada ko'pincha ikki tilli emas (Tbilisi metrosidan tashqari); ammo, aksariyat yo'l belgilari gruzin va lotin alifbosida. Gruzin alifbosi bo'yicha asosiy bilimlar yo'l belgilari, do'kon / restoran nomlari va avtobus yo'nalishlarini tushunish uchun juda foydali. Gruzin tilidan bexabar sayohat qilayotganlar uchun lug'at daftarchasi yoki yo'riqnoma olib borish yaxshi fikr bo'lishi mumkin.

Chiqinglar

Gruziyaning viza talablari. Yashil rangdagi mamlakatlar Gruziyaga vizasiz, ko'k yoki sariq rangdagi mamlakatlar esa eVisa olishlari mumkin

Kirish talablari

Viza cheklovlari: Tayvanlik (Xitoy Respublikasi) pasport egalari rad etildi viza olish uchun ariza berish uchun ruxsat, ularning Gruziyaga kirishini samarali ravishda taqiqlaydi.

Vizasiz

Gruziyaga quyidagi mamlakatlar va hududlarning fuqarolari tashrif buyurishlari mumkin vizasiz bir yil davomida (boshqacha ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa): Barcha fuqarolar Yevropa Ittifoqi (shuningdek shaxsiy guvohnoma yordamida kiritilishi mumkin), Albaniya, Andorra, Antigua va Barbuda, Argentina, Armaniston, Avstraliya, Ozarbayjon, Bagama orollari, Bahrayn, Barbados, Belorussiya, Beliz, Bermud, Bosniya va Gertsegovina, Botsvana, Braziliya, Britaniya Virjiniya orollari, Bruney, Kanada, Kayman orollari, Chili (90 kun), Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Dominika Respublikasi, Ekvador, Salvador, Folklend orollari, Gibraltar, Gonduras, Islandiya, Eron (45 kun), Isroil, Yaponiya, Qozog'iston, Quvayt, Qirg'iziston, Livan, Lixtenshteyn, Malayziya, Mavrikiy, Meksika, Moldova, Monako, Chernogoriya, Yangi Zelandiya, Norvegiya, Ummon, Panama, Qatar, Rossiya, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinlar, San-Marino, Saudiya Arabistoni, Serbiya, Seyshel orollari, Singapur, Janubiy Afrika, Janubiy Koreya, Shveytsariya, Tojikiston, Tailand, kurka (shuningdek shaxsiy guvohnoma yordamida kiritilishi mumkin), Turkmaniston, Turklar va Kaykos orollari, Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari, Ukraina, Birlashgan Qirollik, Qo'shma Shtatlar, Urugvay (90 kun), O'zbekiston, Vatikan shahri

Vizadan ozod qilish quyidagilarga ham tegishli:

• Gruziya diasporasi a'zolari, aks holda viza talab qiladigan davlatlarning fuqarolari - 30 kundan ortiq bo'lmagan muddatga
• Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining bir yillik pass-passers egalari
• Gruziyada qochqin maqomiga ega bo'lgan shaxslar
• Diplomatik yoki rasmiy / xizmat pasportlari egalari Xitoy, Misr, Gayana, Indoneziya, Eron va Peru.
• Viza yoki yashash uchun ruxsatnoma egalari yi/ EFTA / Fors ko'rfazi hamkorlik kengashi mamlakatlari, Evropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlari hududlari, AQSh, Kanada, Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya, Janubiy Koreya yoki Isroil. 180 kun ichida eng ko'p 90 kunlik vizani talab qilmang, garchi bu faqat samolyotga etib kelganida. Viza / yashash uchun ruxsatnoma Gruziyaga kelganda amal qilishi kerak.

Elektron viza

Agar siz yuqorida ko'rsatilgan mamlakatlardan bo'lmasangiz, Gruziya diplomatik vakolatxonasi yoki konsulligiga tashrif buyurmasdan elektron viza portalidan viza olishingiz mumkin. Turizmni qamrab oladigan 90 kunlik, bir martalik "oddiy" viza uchun standart to'lov 60 lari yoki unga teng. Ikki martalik 90 kunlik vizalar (faqat konsulliklarda mavjud) 90 lari.

Gonkong va Makao SAR pasport egalari ham eVisa-ga murojaat qilish huquqiga ega. Ular elektron viza uchun arizaning Fuqarolik / Mamlakat bo'limida "Xitoy" ni tanlashlari kerak.

Vizalar rasmiy ravishda avtoulovlarga va havoga (lekin temir yo'l yoki dengizga emas) Gruziyaga kirish joylarida beriladi. Chiqarish protseduralari juda sodda va odatda Gruziyaga kirish joylarida bir necha daqiqada bajarilishi mumkin, garchi konsulliklar qayta ishlash uchun bir necha kun talab qilsalar ham.

Fuqarolari Nauru, Nikaragua, Suriya va Venesuela onlayn viza olish huquqiga ega emaslar va buning o'rniga Gruziya elchixonasi yoki konsulligiga tashrif buyurishlari kerak. Ammo agar ba'zi bir davlatlarning vizasi yoki yashash uchun ruxsatnomasi bo'lsa (yuqoriga qarang), ularga 180 kun ichida maksimal 90 kunlik yashash uchun viza kerak emas, bunda ularning viza / yashash uchun ruxsatnomalari chegarada ko'rsatilgan.

Eslatma: Viza va kirish bilan bog'liq rasmiy qoidalar har doim ham chegara politsiyasi tomonidan bajarilmaydi. Masalan, vizani rasmiy ravishda etkazib beradigan ba'zi chegara punktlari aslida hech kimni etkazib bermasligi mumkin (masalan, Sadaxlo / Bagratashen yo'l chegara punkti). Bundan tashqari, agar sizga Gruziyaga kirish uchun viza kerak bo'lsa va vizani sotib olishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz (rasmiy ravishda mumkin bo'lsa), ba'zi chegara punktlarida bankomat yo'q (masalan, Sarpi) va agar siz pulni lariga o'zgartira olmasangiz (masalan, bank yo'q yoki bank yopilmagan bo'lsa) va yoningizda lari bo'lmasa, sizga kirish taqiqlanadi; shuning uchun oldindan viza so'rash afzaldir. Va nihoyat, Evropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari o'zlarining shaxsiy guvohnomalari bilan kirishlari mumkin bo'lsa-da, chegarachilar (ayniqsa quruqlik chegaralarida) ular uchun tez-tez foydalanilmaydi va ularni yanada yaxshilab tekshiradi.

Chegaradan o'tish

Gruziyaning xalqaro kirish va chiqish punktlari quyidagicha. Vizalar, ularga muhtoj bo'lganlar uchun, faqat yo'l va havo kirish joylarida mavjud.

• Batumi xalqaro aeroporti (vizalar mavjud) va Qora dengiz porti (vizalar mavjud emas).
• Ozarbayjon bilan Katta Kəsik temir yo'l chegarasi - bu erda vizalar mavjud emas.
• Guguti / Tashir yo'lining Armaniston bilan chegarasi.
• Krasny Most (Qizil ko'prik, Tsiteli Xidi, Qizil Körpü) yo'lining Ozarbayjon bilan chegarasi.
• Ninotsminda / Bavra yo'lining Armaniston bilan chegarasi.
• Poti Qora dengiz porti - vizalar mavjud emas.
• Sadaxlo / Bagratashen avtoulovi va temir yo'l chegarasi Armaniston bilan - faqat sayohatchilar uchun vizalar mavjud.
• Sarpi / Sarp yo'lining Turkiya bilan chegarasi.
• Tbilisi xalqaro aeroporti.
• Tsodna (Postbina) yo'lining Ozarbayjon bilan chegarasi, Lagodexi va Balaken o'rtasida.
• Vale / Posof yo'lining Turkiya bilan chegarasi, Axalsixe orqali etib bordi.

Rossiya bilan chegara Kazbegi shimolidagi Zemo Larsi / Chertov-Mostda, gruzinlar va ruslar uchun faqat bir necha yil davomida 2006 yilgacha, Rossiya uni hamma uchun yopib qo'ygan ("vaqtincha") bo'lgan. Biroq, Verxniy Lars (Verxniy Lars) da Rossiya bilan ochiq chegara punkti mavjud. Bu viza bermaydi.

Rossiyadan Janubiy Osetiya (Roki tunnel) va Abxaziyaga (Gantiadi va Adler o'rtasidagi Psou daryosi) o'tish Gruziya tomonidan noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Rossiyadan Janubiy Osetiya yoki Abxaziyaga kirgandan keyin Gruziyada davom etgan ba'zi sayohatchilar jarimaga tortildi yoki qamoqqa tashlandi. Boshqalar muammosiz qutulishdi.

Abxaziyaga Gruziyadan tashrif buyurish mumkin, ammo Gruziyadan Janubiy Osetiyaga tashrif buyurish mumkin emas.

Samolyotda

Uchadigan reyslar mavjud Tbilisi Evropa va Fors ko'rfazining bir qator shaharlaridan, shu jumladan London Gatvik, Amsterdam Sxipol, Vena, Kiyev, Praga (Georgia Airways), Myunxen (Lufthansa), Varshava (LOT Airlines), Afina (Egey havo yo'llari), Riga (airBaltika), Istanbul IST (Turkish Airlines), Minsk (Belaviya).

Kutaisi bilan ko'plab reyslar mavjud Wizzair ko'plab Evropa yo'nalishlaridan, shu jumladan London Lutonidan, Berlin Shönefeld, Milan Malpensa, Budapesht, Pragava Bryussel Sharleroyi. Kutaisiga parvozlar ham mavjud Moskva Domodedovo bilan Ural havo yo'llari va S7 Airlines.

Ryanair 4 yo'nalish bo'yicha Tbilisi va Kutaisiga uchadi: Kyoln, Milan, Marselva Boloniya.

Turkish Airlines o'rtasida har kuni uchib Batumi va Istanbul. Batumi aeroporti tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatiladigan boshqa yo'nalishlar kiradi Kiyev (Yanair) va Minsk (haftasiga ikki marta Belaviya).

Avtobusda

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri avtobus qatnovlari mavjud Istanbul, kurka, marshrutda turli joylarda to'xtaydi va tugaydi Tbilisi. Gruziya metrosi^{[o'lik havola]} Batumidan Istanbul, Antaliya, Izmir va Anqaraga avtobus qatnoviga ega. MetroTurizm kabi Istanbuldan Gruziya chegarasiga yaqin avtobuslari bor Hopa. Shuningdek, Tbilisi va. O'rtasida bir nechta to'xtovsiz avtobus qatnovlari mavjud Boku, Ozarbayjon. Tbilisini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'laydigan avtobuslar mavjud Saloniki va Afina, Gretsiyaikkalasida ham Gruziya muhojirlari jamoalari mavjud. Kabi kompaniyalar bilan Rossiyadan avtobuslar ham bor Hayreniq tur Moskvadan (va boshqa Rossiyaning shaharlaridan) Tbilisiga sayohat qilishni ta'minlash.

Mashinada

Avtomobil bilan kirish katta muammo emas. Agar siz avtomobil egasi bo'lmasangiz, o'zingiz bilan ishonchnomani olib yurish tavsiya etiladi. Ilgari, Xalqaro sug'urta kartasi Gruziya uchun amal qilmagan, kirish joyida sug'urta sotib olish zarur edi (garchi qoplanadigan summa kulgili darajada past bo'lsa ham). Faqatgina haydovchi boshqaruv zonasiga mashina bilan kirishi mumkin, mashinada bo'lgan har qanday kishi piyodalar chizig'idan foydalanishi kerak.

Tbilisi va boshqa yirik shaharlar ichidagi yo'llar odatda silliq va xavfsizdir, ammo qishloq yo'llari ko'pincha buzilib ketadi. Yo'l harakati to'g'risidagi qonunlar bajarilgan bo'lsa-da, haydash juda tartibsiz bo'lishi mumkin. Qishloq joylarida qoramol va kiyiklar vaqti-vaqti bilan harakatni sekinlashtirishi mumkin. Avtomobil qishloqqa sayohat qilish uchun qulay usuldir, ammo taksilar, avtobuslar va mikroavtobuslar ko'pligi sababli ko'pchilik yo'lovchilar yo'lovchilar o'rindig'ida yaxshi yashashlari mumkin.

Poyezdda

Kundalik tungi poezd bor Boku, Ozarbayjon (har kuni) Ozarbayjon temir yo'llari tomonidan boshqariladi (bu erda jadval, xalqaro aloqalar uchun erni bosing). Bundan tashqari, har kuni (yozda har kuni) har kuni shpal xizmati mavjud Yerevan, Armaniston Janubiy Kavkaz temir yo'llari tomonidan boshqariladi (bu erda jadval, chap tomonda yo'lovchi tashish). Bu mikroavtobusga qaraganda ancha uzoqroq vaqtni oladi, lekin sayohat juda qulay va siz kupeni odatda ichish va yaxshi hikoyani baham ko'rishdan mamnun bo'lgan musofirlar bilan baham ko'rasiz.

Gruziya temir yo'llari Gruziyada milliy temir yo'l operatori bo'lib, mamlakat bo'ylab poezdlarni taklif qilishadi.

Turkiya, Gruziya va Ozarbayjon o'rtasidagi uzoq vaqtga qoldirilgan temir yo'l aloqasi 2017 yil 30 oktyabrda dastlab faqat yuk tashish uchun ochilgan. Yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish 2019 yilning uchinchi choragida boshlanishi taxmin qilinmoqda; ammo, ushbu belgilangan sana bajarilishi aniq emas.

Qayiqda

Qayiq xizmatlari mavjud Batumi va Poti dan Istanbul va Odessa. Turkiyaning Qora dengiz porti Trabzon yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun yopiq. Gruziyaning Suxumi porti ham yo'lovchi kemalari uchun yopiq. Suxumiga boradigan barcha kemalar Gruziyaning qirg'oq qo'riqchilari bilan yaqin Poti portida chegara tekshiruvidan o'tishlari kerak.

COVID-19 talablari

5 mamlakatda (Germaniya, Frantsiya, Estoniya, Latviya va Litva) doimiy yashash uchun ruxsatnoma olgan fuqarolar va rezidentlar kelgandan so'ng so'nggi 72 soat ichida o'tkazilgan salbiy PCR tekshiruvining dalillarini taqdim etishlari yoki laboratoriyada o'z mablag'lari hisobidan PCR sinovlaridan o'tishlari kerak. aeroportda joylashgan.

So'nggi 14 kun ichida Estoniya, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Latviya va Litvadan boshqa har qanday mamlakatga sayohat qilgan va / yoki u erda bo'lgan mehmonlar Gruziya hukumati tomonidan ruxsat berilgan mehmonxonada 8 kunlik majburiy karantindan, so'ngra majburiy PCRdan o'tishga rozilik bildiradilar. karantin tugashi bilan sinov. Kirishdan boshlab 12-kuni PCR sinovlari uchun namunani yuboring. Gruziyaga etib borgach, har bir mehmon termal tekshiruvdan o'tkaziladi. Agar tana harorati 37,0 ° C dan oshsa, yo'lovchi kasalxonada PCR tekshiruvidan o'tkaziladi.

Atrofga boring

Piyoda va navigatsiyada

Jorjiya - ko'plab qiziqarli marshrutlarni taqdim etadigan piyoda yurish va trekking uchun ajoyib joy. Tusheti, Kazbegi, yoki Borjomi, faqat ba'zi yo'nalishlarni nomlash uchun. Biroq, ushbu yo'llarning ko'pincha uzoqligi sababli, siz yaxshi tayyorgarlik ko'rishingiz va yoningizda to'g'ri va ishonchli xaritaga ega bo'lishingiz muhimdir. Bundan tashqari, GPS-dan foydalanish shaharlarda ham, qishloqlarda ham qo'shimcha xavfsizlik qatlamini qo'shadi. Ishonchli oflayn xaritalar va keng yo'llar va xarita ma'lumotlari uchun maslahatlashing OpenStreetMap, shuningdek, ushbu sayohat qo'llanmasi va shunga o'xshash ko'plab mobil ilovalar tomonidan ishlatiladi Osm Va (ko'plab qo'shimchalar bilan murakkab) va MAPS.ME (oson, lekin cheklangan).

Avtobusda

Avtobuslar Gruziyada juda mashhur transport vositasi emas. Ular asosan katta shaharlarda yoki xalqaro yo'nalishlarda sayohat qilish uchun ishlatiladi.

Marshrutka tomonidan

Narxlar va mikroavtobus haydovchilari Marshrutkalar xususiy avtomobillar bo'lgani uchun, ba'zi haydovchilar sayyohlardan mahalliy aholiga qaraganda bir necha laridan ko'proq haq olishga harakat qilishadi. Agar siz bir tiyinni tejashni istasangiz, mahalliy aholidan narxini so'rang va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri haydovchiga pul bering yoki kassada to'lovni amalga oshiring (Zabit) agar mavjud bo'lsa.

A marshrutka (rus tilidan: marshrutka, ko'plik marshrutki; Gruziya: რშუტკარშუტკა yoki რშრუტკარშრუტკა), asosan, mikroavtobus, belgilangan yo'nalishlarda sayohat qilish va ishlashning eng keng tarqalgan usuli hisoblanadi. Yo'lingizning raqamini bilib olingandan so'ng, qo'lingizni xurmoingizni pastga qaratib, ko'chada marshrutka ustiga bayroq tuting.

Shuningdek, shaharlar o'rtasida marshrutkalar yo'nalishlari mavjud. Ularning yo'nalishlari odatda avtovokzallarda va shahar bozorlarida tugaydi. Ularning manzili gruzin tilida, old oynadagi belgida yozilgan. Marshrutka haydovchilaridan izlayotgan mikroavtobusingizni topa olmasligingizni so'rang.

Erta boshlang, chunki marshrutkalar asosan ertalab yuguradi va tushdan keyin siyrak bo'lib qoladi. Soat 16: 00dan keyin marshrutkani kichikroq yo'nalishlarga olib borish qiyin. Kattaroq shaharlarda soat 19:00 gacha ulanish mavjud.

Ko'pincha, avtobus bekatiga borishga umid qilish o'rniga, shaharning chiqish qismiga borganingiz va marshrutkalarni ushlaganingiz ma'qul. Shunday qilib, agar kerak bo'lsa, hatto bosh barmoq bilan ham harakat qilib ko'rishingiz mumkin.

Poyezdda

Gruziya temir yo'li (GR) Gruziyada poezdlarning keng tarmog'iga ega. Poyezdlarning ikki turi mavjud: tez (cheklangan joylar bilan, deyarli har doim zamonaviy) yoki mahalliy (sekin va eskirgan, ammo cheklanmagan joylar bilan juda arzon). Shuningdek, Zugdidi yoki Batumi va Tbilisi va Tbilisi va Yerevan yoki Boku o'rtasida tungi poezdlar mavjud. The train is generally not cheaper than marshrutkas, instead sometimes twice as expensive. But of course it is far more comfortable than being squeezed into a minibus.

There are several ways to buy ticket:

• railway.ge (the official website). Needs registration. Has a dedicated app. Qarang instructions (languages: GE, EN, RU) 
• tkt.ge. The most convenient and easy to use website of all 4 (languages: GE, EN) 
• biletebi.ge. (languages: GE, EN, RU) 
• matarebeli.ge. Has a dedicated app (languages: GE, EN) 

Bosh barmog'i bilan

Hitchhiking is the best thing to do in Georgia. It is often called autostop and a great way to get to know locals like nothing else. Specifically mentioning "autostop" will let people know, you are not looking for a taxi or paid ride.

Generally, Georgians do not use the thumb but just stand by the road and are occasionally be picked up by cars. However, since its opening to the west, Georgia has changed a lot and nowadays many people, especially younger folks, understand the meaning of the thumb and due to the ever improving English of the population are happy to take tourists along the way for a chat or even a lunch together to show their hospitality.

Taksida

Taxis in Georgia are a convenient method of travel, and they are very cheap. Trips within Tbilisi range from 3 to 5 lari, depending on distance (6 lari costs a taxi from one corner of Tbilisi to another), and you can negotiate a price with cab drivers. The vast majority of taxis in Georgia used to be unofficial "gypsy cabs", driven by anyone looking to make some money. Such unmarked taxi services in Georgia were generally safe and widely used by foreigners living and visiting the country. Drivers would, however, exaggerate the price for foreigners and so it was best to establish the destination and price before getting in the car. The situation changed a few years ago when all official taxis were obligated to install meters with fixed rates (about 1 lari/km). All taxis in the capital of Georgia that can be hailed are white and have taxi lights.

The ride service apps Bolt (in Batumi, Kutaisi, Tbilisi), Maxim (Batumi, Gori, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Poti, Rustavi, Tbilisi, Zestafoni, Zugdidi) and Yandex.Taxi are very popular in cities. Using them can spare you from a lot of negotiations with potential taxi drivers. The price is 3 lari for calling a taxi, which includes couple of kilometers. Also, they offer great rates for longer trips outside of cities (for example, 12 lari for a 20-min ride) and sometimes even across borders.

By bicycle

As the country is relatively mountainous, you should consider a mountain bike. Many roads remain unpaved. But by bike allows you to reach more remote regions. You can rent mountain bikes in bigger towns, for example at the Jomardi club^{[dead link]} in Tbilisi.

Samolyotda

Georgia has domestic flights, though they're seldom convenient. Georgian Airways fly once a week between Tbilisi International Airport TBS and Batumi. There are other flights, in rinky-dinky light aircraft, to the mountain resorts of Mestia and Ambrolauri, from Natakhtari airfield on the northern edge of Tbilisi and from Batumi.

Mashinada

Be very careful when driving in Georgia. The driver license exam in Georgia is quite lenient: locals only have to pass theory and driving test on a polygon, without a real test on streets. So, Georgians learn how to drive only after getting their driver license or even years before getting one. Also, overtaking without any visibility is a common practice. A 6-yo child sitting on a parent's lap and driving a car on a serpentine road is not that uncommon. So be extremely carefully when driving in sophisticated places.

Rent. Many of the big rental companies like Budget, SIXT, Dollar, and AVIS are present in Georgia. However, their prices are as high as in Western Europe. Otherwise, you can try a local rental company, which have rates from 60 lari (Tbilisi) or 100 lari (Kutaisi) per day with full cover. You won't even have to put down a deposit or have your credit card blocked. In Tbilisi many private people rent their second car during the week and use their smaller car for the city.

Qarang

• Monasteries – The amount of churches and monasteries is overwhelming and seeing all of them will take you a month or two.
• Hot springs – Found all over Georgia, some good, some great and some ordinary. Get informed, and you will not be disappointed.

Qil

• Piyoda yurish – There are vast opportunities to see the mountains and hike along them in the Caucasus. Popular destinations are Tusheti, Kazbegi yoki Svaneti. A lot of information and up-to-date advices can also be found on Georgia's official Agency of Protected Areas website.

Sotib oling

Money

The national currency is the Georgian lari, denoted by the symbol "₾" or sometimes by "ლ" (ISO currency code: GEL). It is divided into 100 tetri. Banknotes are issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 lari, and the rarely-used 200 and 500 lari. Coins are issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 tetri, and 1, 2 lari.

There are two issues of the 20-, 50- and 100-lari notes: from 2004 and (in stronger colours) from 2016. Both are valid, and no date has yet been announced for withdrawal of the older notes, but you obviously don't want to leave the country with these. Indeed it's difficult to redeem any form of Georgian currency outside of Europe.

Always have small money with you. 50- or 100-lari notes or so might be difficult to use for payment, especially with taxi drivers. But the latter is often just an excuse not to give change, just ask ahead if the taxi driver has change.

Many Georgians are not very good with numbers and money. Don't bother paying amounts of money, so you get back an even amount, like 10.75 if you owe 7.75. That will confuse them infinitely, and you will never get your desired change.

Money exchange

Exchange kiosks in Tbilisi and Kutaisi generally have only a 1% spread between "buy" and "sell" for major currencies like US dollars or euros, but could be as little as 0.25%. Rates for other currencies like Turkish lira or ruble, or outside of cities, may be much worse. The kiosk may ask for your ID, but usually won't for routine amounts.

ATMs

ATMs are available countrywide and it is generally good to have a card from providers like Visa or MasterCard. In smaller cities or village the ATMs become more sparse.

If withdrawing lari (GEL), never accept on-site currency conversion at ATMs, always let your bank do the exchange. ATM rates can be more than 7% or worse. Your foreign bank is usually 0.5-1.5% off, in addition to the credit card fee. Apparently only Bank of Georgia charges 2 lari extra for cash withdrawals at ATMs.

If withdrawing US dollars, almost all banks allow their ATMs to withdraw USD (except for VTB bank, which allows it only to their customers).

Very few banks and ATMs allow withdrawing euro (€) with foreign bank cards. There are only 2 banks (as of November 2020):

• ProCredit Bank have 24/7 working places that have a special ATM to withdraw USD/EUR: 4 in Tbilisi and one in Batumi, Kutaisi and Zugdidi.

  Maximum amount of withdrawal is €500 and the fee is €8 (as of November 2020).

• TBC bank has higher withdrawal fees, but much wider network — 8 ATMs in Tbilisi and one ATM in each big city: Kutaisi, Batumi, Gori, Zugdidi, and Poti (see "Cash withdrawal and deposit" section Bu yerga) (as of November 2020)

  $100—$200: withdrawal fee $5

  $300—$500: withdrawal fee $5

  $600—$1000: withdrawal fee $20

  €100—€200: withdrawal fee €5

  €300—€500: withdrawal fee €10

  €600—€1000: withdrawal fee €20

Shopping

• Gold & other jewellery – Gold, silver, handmade & other miscellaneous jewellery and precious stones are very cheap in Georgia and the quality of the precious stones, gold and silver is superb.
• Art & paintings – Georgian artists, such as Pirosmani, Gigo Gabashvili, David Kakabadze, Lado Gudiashvili, Korneli Sanadze, Elene Akhvlediani, Sergo Kobuladze, Simon Virsaladze, Ekaterine Baghdavadze and others, are famous for their work. In Georgia you will find many art shops, paintings and painters who sell their works on the streets. Their work is of high quality and is often very good value.
• Antiques & other miscellaneous gifts – In Georgia you will able to find many antiques not only from Georgia, but also from the Middle East, Russia, the Mediterranean and other parts of Europe.
• Georgian wine. Georgia is the cradle of wine making, and with 521 original varieties of grape you will be sure to find excellent wines. Wine can be bought in vinoteques and thise have a great choice, but in supermarkets might have some those wines for a cheaper price. Some home-made wine might be cheap and tasty, but beware buying wine that is ubelievably cheap, since, according to some locals, it might be concocted from a wine powder. The quality of wine making improved immensely following re-orientation of wine exports to EU markets.
• Cognac. Georgian cognac is unique as it is made from Georgian wine. Try Saradjishvili 'Tbilisi' cognac.
• When heading outside the cities, you might find hand-made carpets for sale.
• Georgians love to drink, so the country has a seemingly infinite number of beers, wines, liquors and distilled drinks. To take home, buy a bottle of chacha, a potent grape vodka somewhat similar to Lebanese arak, Italian grappa or German obstler.

Some souvenir stands present only Georgian honey and Turkish dried fruits, which are not very authentic

• If you'd like to bring souvenir food to home, you may easily find packaged churchkhela or tklapi (Georgian: ტყლაპი), clay bottles with wines, or spices. By the way, some supermarkets are included in the tax free system, so you can contact the store administrator and apply for a tax refund on your purchases.

Georgian export commodities (especially wine and mineral water) used to be widely counterfeited in the domestic and former Soviet Union markets. For example, the Borjomi bottling plant used to produce roughly one million bottles of Borjomi per year, but there were three million bottles sold in Russia alone! In 2007, the government and business groups began a large-scale fight against counterfeit wine and mineral water so the sale of counterfeit products has almost been eliminated. However, when stocking up on bottled wine or mineral water, it is best to buy it at large supermarkets which have better control of their procurement than smaller stores.

Supermarkets

In supermarkets, you will find all the usual food products, mainly brought from Russia, Turkey and sometimes Europe.

There are only 2 hypermarkets chains – Goodwill (გუდვილი) and Carrefour (კარფურ). An average local frequent Carrefour; Goodwill is a bit more expensive. Smaller chains could be found in any district of any town. The most popular chains are: Nikora (ნიკორა), SPAR (სპარი), Smart (სმარტი), and Ori Nabiji (ორი ნაბიჯი). The latter is the cheapest of them all. There is also a special chain of supermarkets called Europroduct (ევროპროდუქტი), that imports food from EU to Georgia.

Besides mentioned supermarket chains, small no-name shops are very popular in Georgia among locals. You can buy groceries there, although the choice will be much more modest. On the other hand, those shops have a friendly and homely atmosphere, because the locals are regulars there; if you frequent the place for 4 or 5 times, shop vendors who are usually the owners will start to recognize you.

Costs

Travelling in Georgia is very affordable. Restaurants, street food and hotels are cheap for a Western traveller. But keep in mind not to brag around about your money or expenses, because many locals live very poor and drag on — a taxi driver in Tbilisi earns around 50 lari per day (working 8-10 hr) and monthly retirement check is 200 lari. So the next time you haggle over a trinket, it may be a good idea to yield.

A budget traveller would have no difficulties getting by (staying very well fed and exploring many of the sights) on less than 500 lari per week, even in the capital. If you visit Georgia for one week, you would have a great time if you bring US$400 (€350) with you. With this amount you will be able to stay in a good hotel, go on wonderful sightseeing tours and eat good food. If you want to travel like a king, everything beyond US$800 (€700) per week will bring you close to this goal.

Good indicators whether you are in a very touristy area or not, is the price of 1 khinkali (0.7-0.8 lari is a normal price).

Tipping

Tipping is common in Western-style restaurants in the capital, but almost never expected in more traditional establishments. In many restaurants, especially in big cities, there is a 10% service charge. In some places in Tbilisi it could be even up to 15%. This is almost never explicitly mentioned and may be added to your bill without warning, so it is advisable to ask beforehand.

Also, tipping is never expected in bars.

Yemoq

See also: Georgian cuisine

Guests partaking in a supra, a Georgian banquet

Georgian traditional cuisine is delicious, cheap, and universal. It is also justly famous throughout the former Soviet Union (visitors to Moscow will have noticed the large number of Georgian restaurants). Georgia fills a list of wonderful, often meat, dishes, usually flavored with garlic, coriander, walnuts, and dill. A traditional Georgian feast (supra) is a sight to behold, with a spread that no group could finish, accompanied by at least 20 toasts set to wine or brandy.

Just wandering into the likeliest looking local joint in any neighborhood whatsoever, even just a block or two from the main tourist streets, will inevitably provide an excellent dining experience at bargain prices - and quite possibly any amount of proud attention and invitations to drink wine from staff and regulars delighted that a foreigner has discovered their haunt. Simply pick by random off the menu and let the unique tastes of Georgia surprise you. Italian- and American-style dishes (pizzas, hamburgers, etc.) are usually a pale copy of the originals. It is much better to try local food.

If you can, try to get yourself invited to dinner at someone's home (this is not too difficult in Georgia, owing to their hospitality and general desire to stuff foreign visitors full of all the food they can afford). The food in restaurants is an odd set piece of the same dishes over and over. But Georgian cuisine is far richer, and has an untold number of dishes to try, prepared from scratch with fresh, locally grown products (although supermarkets are now spreading throughout Georgia).

One special kind of meal in Georgia is the supra, which means a banquet to celebrate something like a wedding or a birthday. These events, led by a tamada (master of ceremonies), include an abundance of food and drink (wine especially) and go on for hours.

Dishes

Khinkali and lobiani

One of the most famous dishes of the Georgian cuisine is khinkali.  . These are dumplings with different fillings: minced spiced meat, mushrooms, cheese, or vegetables, served in enormous quantities. But not like what you are used to doing with dumplings. Georgian men will easily eat 15 huge dumplings, and begin by seasoning the dumplings with pepper. Then grab the dumpling however you like, from the top "handle" if it pleases you (locals often stick a fork in the side of the knot so as not to puncture the dumpling), and take a small bite out of the side to slurp up the juice. Do not let har qanday juice fall on your plate, or you will get your chin messy. Then, still holding the khinkali, eat around the top, finishing the dumpling and then placing the twisted top on your plate—traditionally the top is not eaten. It is also nice to look with pride upon all your tops once, with practice, you get into the double digits with these dumplings. Wash them down with wine, Kazbegi beer, or a "limonati" of whichever flavour you prefer (most common flavours are lemon, pear, and estragon/tarragon—which is quite refreshing).

Another signature dish is khachapuri.   – a cheese filled bread, which more resembles cheese pie. It comes several different varieties:

• imeruli(იმერული) yoki imeretian: These are the most common and often come with every meal, just filled with (imeruli aka cooking) cheese. Often circular, similar to Lobiani.
• megruli (მეგრული) or mingrelian: Like imeruli but topped with additional cheese.
• acharuli (აჭარული) or adjarian: Boat-shaped like puri (break) with an open face and filled with egg in addition to cheese. This one is much more filling and a single proper dish.

There also exist these less common variations:

• guruli (გურული) or gurian: This one, looking like a half moon, has cut boiled eggs as additional filling.
• p^henovani (ფენოვანი): A version made with puff pastry dough instead of normal dough.
• samepho (სამეფო): Instead of regular Imeruli cheese, the better Sulguni cheese is used.
• mkhlovana (მხლოვანა) or mtiuluri (მთიულური) : Besides the cheese also spinach is included.
• osuri: The Ossetian version, with potatoe added.

Lobiani.  , a bean-filled bread is another notable dish and the most popular version is Rachuli Lobiani (რაჭული ლობიანი), like a Khachapuri, but with bean and bacon. Imeretian , again, is just bean-filled. One is mostly too much for one person.

Any one of these just listed dishes beyond 5 lari in a reasonably priced local restaurant is probably too much for 1 person. So, you better combine only one dish with salad and drinks for two people.

As in most traditional cuisines, there are many meat dishes. They are common in the form of stews or sauces, but also barbecued meat is popular: mtsvadi which is known as shashlik in Russia is not just a favorite at outdoor meals but at restaurants too.

Bladdernut salad

There are lots of vegetarian dishes too (mostly in western parts of Georgia) which are quite tasty and accompany most of local parties with heavy wine drinking. However, vegetarianism as such is an alien concept to Georgians, even though the Georgian Orthodox Church obliges its followers to "fast" at various times of the year including the run up to Christmas (7th January). Such fasting means abstaining from meat and eating vegetables and dairy.

Bread plays a big role in the Georgian cuisine and (shotis) puri.   (შოთის პური) is the most regular bread found in Georgia, made of white flour, and shaped like a canoe. There is also Lavashi, which is larger.

Unfortunately, there are certain problems with milk and dairy products in Georgia. There are few cows in the country, the Georgian strains yield much less milk than in Western countries, and the government doesn't subsidize the industry. For these reasons, almost all dairy products are imported from Europe, Russia and Turkey and hence are not cheap. Strangely, despite all this home-made cheese is very popular ingredient in dishes and is sold almost everywhere.

One signature sweet of Georgia is Churchkhela.   (ჩურჩხელა), a candle-shaped candy made of grape must, nuts, and flour. 1.5-2 lari.

Ichish

Chacha

Chacha (ჭაჭა) is a home-made fruit-based distilled clear spirit analogous to Italian grappa. Chacha is made of grape pomace (grape residue left after making wine). It can also be produced from non-ripe or non-cultured grapes and in some cases fig, tangerine, orange or mulberry. It is usually bottled "manually". It can be purchased in corner markets, Farmers Markets, back alleys and basements (kind of under the table) throughout Georgia. 0.5 l start at 2.50 lari. It generally comes in regular water bottles. When bought, it is a good idea to check it right away. Sometimes it can be sour, you will note a weird taste right away. There is also commercially-made chacha that can be found in many shops and supermarkets, throughout available in Tbilisi, where you will have a hard time finding home-made one. The industrial however is much more expensive, starting at 10 lari for 0.5 l.

Wine

Saperavi wines

Georgia has one of the oldest wine-making traditions in the world and has been called the birthplace of wine (also as "Cradle of Wine"), due to archaeological findings which indicate wine production back to 5000 BC. Georgia produces some of the best wines in the world, and thanks to the ancient tradition of wine production and amazing climate, it holds its own with French and Italian wines. Georgian wines are quite famous. It may be true that they are little known in the West, but they certainly are famous among the roughly 280 million people in the former Soviet Union, where Georgian wines remain a welcome drink at any dining table.

Export of home-bottled wine, which is often the best type, is prohibited.

Qizil

• Saperavi (საფერავი sah-peh-rah-vee)
• Mukuzani (მუკუზანი moo-k'oo-zah-nee)
• Khvanchkara (ხვანჭკარა khvahnch-k'ah-rah) - semi-sweet
• Kindzmarauli (კინძმარაული keendz-mah-rah-oo-lee) - semi-sweet

Oq

• Tsinandali (წინანდალი ts'ee-nahn-dah-lee)
• Kakheti (კახეთი k'ah-kheh-tee)
• Tbilisuri (თბილისური tbee-lee-soo-ree)
• Rkatsiteli (რქაწითელი rrkah-tsee-tellee)

Imports of Georgian wine and mineral water have been banned by the Russian government, because of the political tension between the two counties.

Beer

Georgia produces a growing number of local beers. A beer tradition has existed in Georgia since ancient times in the mountainous regions of Khevsureti and Tusheti. After independence from the Soviet Union, Georgia revived its beer production and introduced its high quality beers to the market. The first and most popular Georgian beer was Kazbegi. Today, beer production in Georgia is still growing, offering high quality beers (thanks to the high quality mountain spring waters in Georgia and to German designed beer factories). There are also many foreign beers such as Heineken, Bitburger, Lowenbrau, Guinness, etc.

Georgian beer

• Aluda
• Argo
• Batumuri
• Bavariis Herzogi
• Kasri
• Kazbegi (ყაზბეგი q'ahz-beh-gee)
• Khevsuruli
• Lomisi
• Natakhtari
• Tushuri

Mineral waters

Public mineral water source in Borjomi

Georgian mineral waters have exceptional and interesting tastes, which are very different from French and Italian varieties. The most famous Georgian mineral waters are Borjomi (ბორჯომი bohr-joh-mee), Likani (ლიკანი lee-k'ah-nee), and Nabeglavi (ნაბეღლავი nah-beh-ghlah-vee). But there is a plethora of less well-known springs located in small towns and alongside roads throughout the country that is worth sampling. Borjomi isn't just ordinary sparkling water as it has a very high fluoride content and it may take some time to get used to the taste. It is however quite popular also outside Georgia (in the former Soviet republics).

Lagidze waters (soft drink)

Mitrofan Lagidze (ლაღიძე lah-ghee-dzeh) is a surname of a famous Georgian businessman of the 19th century who produced very popular soft drinks in Georgia. Nowadays these waters are called “the Lagidze Waters”. Lagidze soft drinks are made only with natural fruit components, without any chemical, artificial sugars or other additives. The most popular flavours are estragon/tarragon and cream & chocolate.

Uyqu

The number of major Western European hotels and also budget hostels is growing every year, and not only in Tbilisi, but also in Batumi and other Georgian cities. Throughout much of the countryside, however, private homes are the cheapest and most enjoyable option, though this option is very much a home-stay; expect little privacy.

Since many hostel-like places are popping up rapidly, they are often poorly signposted, and from the outside a great hostel might look like an ordinary apartment. Hence, make sure beforehand to get a detailed description (including GPS) of where to find the place and which apartment to ring at—90% of the time GPS and address are correct. Otherwise, you might be lost forever and even locals won't know where this newly popped up place is. On the other hand, there are countless guesthouses all over the country, often marked with a guest house sign. So, don't bother too much about booking ahead, go with the flow and see where you end up.

Check prices on the usual reservation websites and turn up on site stating the price; owners will happily give you the online rate, so they can skip the fee the pay on such websites. Use Viber or Facebook Messenger to communicate with them.

O'rganing

There are a handful of universities in Georgia which offer degrees or exchange programs taught in English, and among them are:

• University of Georgia
• Grigol Robakidze University
• International Black Sea University (English exclusively)
• Caucasus University
• Georgian American University^{[dead link]} (English exclusively)
• Free University of Tbilisi
• Kutaisi University
• Intensive Georgian Language Workshop for Beginners, American Councils

Work

Georgians are hard-working people in general, but they also like to have enough free time to enjoy life. Work can start at 10:00 or 11:00 and end at 18:00–19:00. Georgians like to take an hour lunch break and enjoy their food while socializing with their co-workers. People often take two weeks or a whole month off work to enjoy holidays with family. It is an attitude in many ways similar to southern Europe and Mediterranean ones. Approaches to punctuality used to be very relaxed, but this is now changing (at least, in Tbilisi and other main cities).

Foreigners from most countries, including all major English-speaking countries and EU members, are allowed to live visa-free in Georgia for 360 days (and can renew their stay by leaving and re-entering), and to work and engage in business without a visa. Despite this, work for foreigners is generally very limited due to the local salaries being below a living wage by most standards, even for people from other parts of Eastern Europe and the more "well off" former USSR countries like Estonia and Lithuania. A local wage will typically be around 300–400 lari a month, with only a small section of professional managers earning 2000–2500 lari a month. However, most Georgian families have one or more apartments and houses in the countryside, and when one does not have to pay full private sector rent and can share utilities, the local wages will be sufficient for food and drink. If looking for a hospitality job in Georgia, expect to be overworked (14-16 hour days are hardly unheard of), and remember hourly wage isn't really a concept here so any overtime is effectively unpaid.

Foreigners working in Georgia are either employed by the main NGOs like the UNHCR, Save the Children, Danish Refugee Council, etc. Some large Georgian companies may employ foreign managers and consultants. These workers are generally salaried according to Western European norms. One great way for travelers to experience Georgia is to participate in the Teach & Learn with Georgia program. This program places English-speakers in Georgian schools all over the country to assist local teachers in public schools. The Georgian government has set ambitious goals to make English the second language of the country (replacing Russian) by 2020. Participants in the program will have their airfare paid for, will be housed with a local family and will receive 400–500 lari stipend a month, there might not be vacancies, though. However, there are a handful of language schools, especially in Tbilisi that pay roughly the same, though without providing airfare, room or board.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Georgian police car

Most of Georgia is very safe for foreigners. Crime rates are among the lowest in Europe. The Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs provides some useful information for foreign visitors.

Corruption, once a big hassle for tourists, has become far less visible since the Rose Revolution. It is now safe and reasonable to trust the Georgian police, as the infamous and corrupt traffic police have been disbanded. Police cars patrol streets in Georgian cities and towns regularly, and can help in case of car trouble or any other problem on the road.

Use of seat belts is now obligatory and strictly enforced. Radars are installed at all main junctures and on key streets and highways throughout the country. However, Georgia leads the South Caucasus in reported road traffic accidents. A person is injured every hour in a traffic-related accident, while one death occurs every 18 hours, according to a study released by a Georgian NGO, the Safe Driving Association. The World Health Organization puts the number at 16.8 fatalities per 100,000 a year (compared to Azerbaijan at 13 and Armenia at 13.9).

Women should be aware that many Georgian men do not believe "no" means no. They believe that no means maybe and maybe means yes. It is not uncommon for men to be very pushy with foreign women in particular. It is best to stay with groups and not to smile or give men attention. If you make a Georgian friend or get to know a Georgian man well, they will take care of you when you go out. There are many kinds of Georgian men, but keep your guard up. As for dressing, follow the general rules of being more conservative in the countryside than in cities. An easy way to avoid unwanted attention is to cover your legs. Georgian girls don't show a lot of leg even in summer, so even a naughty hint of knee can elicit public ogles. Conversely, tight clothes are fairly standard.

According to new marijuana laws, as of early 2019 it is decriminalized to be actively smoking a joint but emas legal to have marijuana in your possession (or to sell, etc.) If you are out with young Georgians, you're likely to be invited to smoke, but even if you find somewhere, usually best not to risk actually buying it. It's not great quality outside of Svanetia anyway.

Taking picture inside of churches is not welcome, and taking a picture of a priest in churches is actually an offence and even a crime.

Tbilisi

Things in Tbilisi and the surrounding countryside have calmed down a lot. Although Tbilisi sometimes has been singled out for its (not always deserved) reputation for street crime, muggings are rather rare.

In the early 2000s, other crime-related hazards in Tbilisi included apartment break-ins and car-jacking, but the situation has changed dramatically, and today Georgia boasts one of the lowest crime rates in Europe.

Kutaisi

The available evidence indicates that Kutaisi, the second largest city in Georgia, suffers from crime rates significantly higher than the national average. It is very important to exercise caution in Kutaisi after dark.

Adjara

The conflict between Adjara and the central government ended with little violence, and it is now perfectly safe to travel throughout the region. The once rampant corruption should now be a rarity for foreigners. Passing through customs at the Sarpi-Hopa border crossing is now routine and uneventful for most tourists, though at certain times it may take two hours or longer, due to long queues.

Separatist regions

Abkhazia va South Ossetia pose challenges for visitors, South Ossetia more than Abkhazia. Abkhazia is easy enough to visit, provided attention is paid to paperwork and border crossings. South Ossetia remains more untamed.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Trashed cemetery in Tskneti, Tbilisi, Georgia

In terms of ecology, Georgia has a lot of problems with waste management, especially in villages and small towns, where municipal services are almost non-existent. Many Georgians don't feel any guilt, when throwing away trash just outside their property. Whole slopes of hills could be filled with trash thrown out, even close to sacred places such as cemeteries.

Giardia is a common issue for foreign visitors. Contraction is most likely via:

• tap water
• swallowed water from lakes, rivers, pools, or jacuzzis
• raw fruits & vegetables
• unpasteurized milk or other dairy products

Drinking tap water is generally safe, but it's better to ask house owners if they drink it themselves.

Euscorpius italicus

Euscorpius mingrelicus

In Central and Western parts of Georgia there are 2 types of scorpions: Euscorpius mingrelicus va Euscorpius italicus. Both types reach lengths of 4 cm. Locals assure, that these scorpion bites are not pleasant (similar to a wasp bite), but never deadly.

Passive smoking could be a big problem, since tobacco is very cheap compared to Western countries and many men smoke, even inside taxis, bars and restaurants.

Good quality prescription drugs can be easily obtained in pharmacies without any prescription. Highly recommended to pay attention to the warranties, since pharmacies would want to ditch outdated drug as fast as possible.

Macrovipera lebetina obtusa

Rarely, but one might stumble upon levant blunt-nosed vipers (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa). Locals call it გიურზა (from Persian gyurza). These vipers live in desert, semi-desert and mountain-steppe areas. It is common in dry foothills and on mountain slopes overgrown with bushes, in rocky gorges with streams and springs, in river valleys. Gyurza is also found on the outskirts of large cities, where it has the necessary shelter and a good food base in the form of rats.

In Tbilisi you will be able to find many gyms and fitness centres with swimming pools and brand new training equipment. In other cities they are rarer.

Vaccination

Tick-borne encephalitis might happen but very rarely and only if one spends time in the countryside. A cautious visitor may want to make some vaccinations for tetanus and diphtheria, but these are not really necessary.

Information about infectious diseases you should get on www.ncdc.ge. Flu season (Jan-Mar) is perhaps worse in Georgia than in, say, Western Europe and vaccinations might be a consideration for particularly vulnerable travellers.

Rabies. Stray dogs are everywhere in Georgia, about a half of which are not vaccinated. Being a vestige of the old times and outdated needs, many locals get themselves a dog not as a pet, but to guard their property. Most of the time stray dogs are not aggressive, but there are quite some cases when people get bitten by them. Georgians are very cautious and afraid of dogs, and very often aggressive towards them; dogs in their turn are quite afraid of people (especially those holding a stick) and might get aggressive out of fear as well. Deaths from being bitten by rabid dogs har yili kamayib boradi, ammo Gruziyaga sayohat qilishdan oldin emlash yaxshiroqdir, chunki qisman immunitetni rivojlantirish 1 oydan ko'proq vaqtni oladi. Bitta otishni o'rganish 18 lariga (hind vaktsinasi) to'g'ri keladi. VERORAB deb nomlangan frantsuz vaksinasi dorixonada 45 lari, klinikada 70 lari turadi. Agar siz itni tishlab olsangiz (hatto emlangan bo'lsangiz ham), darhol quyidagi davlat kasalxonalaridan biriga tashrif buyuring:

• yilda Tbilisi: 41.72475056235344.7640332240871 ^{[o'lik havola]}Profilaktik tibbiyot va emlash markazi (პრევენცპრევენცულულმედმედმედ მედმედნცნდდდდდდდდდდდ), Tbilisi, Toshkent 10a, ☏ 995 32 239 21 49, ✉[email protected]. 24/7. (yangilangan Noyabr 2020)
• yilda Kutaisi: 42.24668894752442.6850783842632 Imereti mintaqaviy klinik kasalxonasi (სქუთსსსსსრეფერ რეფერრეფერჰოსპჰოსპ. .ტტლლ), Kutaisi, Otsxeli 2, ☏ 995 431 22 41 21. (yangilangan noyabr 2020)
• yilda Batumi: 41.64035401427241.6235791377093 Respublika klinik kasalxonasi (რესპუბლlკურyd კლlნyკურlსy jabrვვt), Batumi, Javaxishvili ko'chasi, 2, ☏ 995 422 27 68 07. (yangilangan Noyabr 2020)

Hurmat

Umuman gruzinlar mehmondo'st, mehmondo'st odamlar va ular aybi bilan mehmondo'st. Agar gruzin sizni biron bir joyga taklif qilsa, ular ko'pincha yorliqni ko'tarishadi. Hatto hisobni kim to'lashi haqida mavzuni ko'tarish ham uy egasi uchun uyatli hisoblanishi mumkin. Mamlakat rivojlanayotgan kapitalistik mamlakat bo'lgani uchun, odamlarning mehmondo'stligidan foydalanmang.

Umuman olganda gruzinlar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kommunikatorlardir. Ular qandaydir yomon yoki yaxshi bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, o'zlarining his-tuyg'ularini va fikrlarini biron bir narsaga bildirishdan qo'rqmaydi. Ular, shuningdek, tajovuzkor tana tilidan foydalanadilar va suhbatlarda ovozlarini ko'taradilar - Ko'pchilik tashrif buyuruvchilarga ko'ra, bu gruzinlar tortishuvli guruh bo'lishi mumkin, ammo gruzinlar suhbatga qiziqish bildirish uchun hissiyotlardan foydalanadilar. Jamoatchilikda baqir-chaqir uchrashuvi kabi ko'rinishi mumkin bo'lgan narsa, aslida oddiy, do'stona munozaraga aylanishi mumkin!

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri shaxsiy savollar odatda so'raladi. Gruzinlar uchun bu odobsiz deb hisoblanmaydi, aksincha bu kimnidir to'liq bilish uchun usuldir.

Sobiq Sovet Ittifoqi atrofidagi ko'plab joylarda bo'lgani kabi, ayollar ham ritsarlik bilan davolashadi. Gruziyalik erkak do'stlari restoranda hisob-kitoblarni to'lash, ularning oldilaridagi har bir eshiklarni ochish va / yoki ularga buyumlar yoki narsalar olib yurishda yordam berish tashabbusi bilan chiqsa, ayol sayohatchilar hayron bo'lmasliklari yoki qo'rqmasliklari kerak. Erkak sayohatchilar bu nuanslarni gruzin ayollari kutib olishlarini tushunishlari kerak, garchi ular ular bilan romantik munosabatlarda bo'lmasalar ham.

Nozik muammolar

Gruziya bir necha bo'lginchi / millatchi harakatlarning uyi, ya'ni Abxaziya va Janubiy Osetiya. Ushbu mavzularda deyarli "xavfsiz yo'l" pozitsiyasi mavjud emas, shuning uchun ularni shunchaki ko'tarmang.

Rossiya haqida gapirganda juda ehtiyot bo'ling. Gruziya va Rossiya dushmanlik, zo'ravonlik va zo'ravonlik tarixiga ega va Gruziya-Rossiya munosabatlarini muhokama qilish gruziyaliklarni juda tez hissiyotga solishi mumkin. Garchi ko'pchilik gruzinlar Rossiya hukumatiga yoqmasligini bildirsalar-da, ba'zi gruzinlar buni rus xalqiga nisbatan nafratni ifoda etish orqali yanada yuqori darajaga ko'tarishadi.

Gruziyaning rivojlanishini hurmat qiling. Tarixga ko'ra, ko'plab G'arbiy Evropaliklar Gruziyaga tashrif buyurishdi, chunki ular mamlakat xarobalari va eskirgan klassik binolarga qiziqib qolishdi. Ammo Gruziya ko'p yillik beqarorlikdan xalos bo'lganda, ushbu beparvolik belgilari muqarrar ravishda tuzatiladi, bo'yalgan va ta'mirlangan. Bu ba'zi xarobalar ixlosmandlarining qayta tiklangan tarixiy tumanlarni endi "haqiqiy emas" deb mazax qilishlariga sabab bo'ladi. Bunday sharhlar juda haqoratli bo'lishi mumkin, chunki ular iflos, kambag'al va shiftlari qulab tushadigan binolarda yashamasalar, mahalliy aholi o'zlari "haqiqiy" emasligini anglatadi. 19-asrda va 20-asrning boshlarida Gruziyaning aksariyat binolari aksariyat yaltiroq aristokratik turar joy bo'lgan.

Gruziya va qo'shni islom madaniyati o'rtasida o'xshashlik qilmang. Ko'pgina sayyohlar Tbilisidagi "ekzotik qobiliyat" ning aksariyati Osiyodan farqli o'laroq, Evropadan olib kelinganini bilib hayron qolishadi. "Sharq", "mavrish" va "Osiyo" ko'rinadigan binolarning aksariyati XIX asrda Evropaning ekzotik uslublarga qiziqishi paytida taniqli Evropa me'morlari tomonidan qurilgan. Ushbu diqqatga sazovor joylar maqsadga muvofiq ravishda ular kabi ko'rinishga mo'ljallangan. Shu sababli, tashrif buyuruvchilar Gruziyaning ushbu elementlarini "haqiqiy" yoki "mahalliy" deb ta'riflaganlarida, klişe haqida gapirmaslik ham noto'g'ri; bunday tavsiflar mahalliy aholini bezovta qilishi mumkin.

Ulanmoq

Internet

• Xostellar va mehmonxonalarda, hatto Mestiyada ham mehmonlar uchun bepul Wi-Fi mavjud. Xuddi shu narsa kafe va restoranlar uchun ham amal qiladi. Ma'lumotlaringizni himoya qilish uchun har qanday umumiy tarmoq kabi har doim VPN-dan foydalaning.
• "Tbilisi sizni sevadi" deb nomlangan butun Tbilisida bepul Wi-Fi tarmog'i mavjud.

Telefon

Gruziya mamlakat kodi 995. Jorjiya mobil telefonlar uchun GSM (900 MGts va 1800 MGts) dan foydalanadi.

Mana operatorlar:

• Bilayn - eng arzon, ammo ba'zi hududlarda eng yaxshi ziyofatga ega bo'lmagan Rossiya kompaniyasi. 2019 yil sentyabr oyidan narxlar: 4 hafta, 4 GB, 9 lari. 2 hafta, 10 GB, 10 lari. 3 hafta, 10 GB, 15 lari.
• Geocell - turk kompaniyasi, ba'zi sohalarda eng yaxshi ziyofatga ega emas. Tarif narxlari
• Magti - yaxshi qabul qilish imkoniyatiga ega, ammo biroz qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin. Tarif narxlari 2021 yil aprel oyidan boshlab:

  30 kun - 1 GiB (5 lari), 3 GiB (9 lari), 5 GiB (12 lari), 20 GiB (30 lari), cheksiz (150 lari)

  30 kun, "Wonder days" maxsus aksiyasi (har yakshanba kuni tegishli): 5 GiB (5 lari), 8 GiB (8 lari), 9 GiB (9 lari), 18 GiB (16 lari), 20 GiB (18 lari) va boshqalar.

  1 kun cheksiz (1 lari), 7 kun cheksiz (5 lari)

SIM-kartalar aeroportda bepul beriladi. Ularni keyinroq zaryad qiling, chunki aeroportda yuqori qo'shimcha to'lov bo'lishi mumkin. Aftidan yaxshi daqiqali kelishuvlarga tushib qolmang - bu pulni tortib olish, hamma messenjerlardan foydalanadi (mehmonxona egalari, yo'riqnomalar, bank mijozlariga xizmat, hattoki hukumat amaldorlari va bank ishchilari ham messenjerni afzal ko'rishadi). sizga daqiqa kerak bo'lmaydi, shunchaki ma'lumotlar. Oddiy tariflardan 2-3 baravar arzonroq miqdordagi trafikni sotib olish uchun maxsus takliflarni kuting.

Magti va "Bilayn" bog'lashga ruxsat berishadi. eSIM hali mavjud emas.

Agar siz kelajakda Gruziyaning SIM-kartasidan Gruziyadan tashqarida foydalanishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz (masalan, bank xizmatida SMS-avtorizatsiya qilish uchun), operator salonida roumingni shaxsan yoqmagan bo'lsangiz, hech qanday xizmatni olish mumkin emas.

Xabarchilar

Turar joy, sayyohlar haqidagi ma'lumotlar va boshqalar bilan aloqada Gruziyada WhatsApp, Viber va Facebook Messenger juda ko'p qo'llaniladi. Bir nechtasida ham Telegram bor, lekin u keng tarqalmagan va siz avvalgilariga qaraganda yaxshiroqdir.

Pochta

Gruziyada pochta aloqalari deyarli o'z faoliyatini to'xtatdi. Xat qutilari yoki uyga etkazib berish yo'q. Pochta qabul qiluvchilarga etib bormaydi, lekin ular bu haqda xabardor qilishadi va pochtani pochta bo'limida yig'ishlari kerak. Pochta stavkalari juda yuqori (bu xarajat 4 lari pochta kartasini boshqa mamlakatga kuzatuv raqamisiz yuborish va 14 lari uni kuzatuv raqami bilan yuborish, qo'shni Armanistonda esa ~ 1 lari turadi). Mamlakat bo'ylab postkartalarning narxi 1-2 lari. Hozirgacha bir nechta pochta aloqasi bo'limlari Gruziya pochtasi yomon belgilar va ko'pincha yaroqsiz binolarda.