Chili ning g'arbiy qirg'og'ining janubiy yarmi bo'ylab tor cho'zilgan Janubiy Amerika, o'rtasida And va tinch okeani. Bu quruqdan ajoyib mamlakat Atakama sahrosi sovuqqa Chili Patagoniyasi.
Mintaqalar
| Shimoliy Chili (Arika-Parinakota, Tarapaka, Antofagasta, Atakama va Kokimbo mintaqalari) Dunyodagi eng qurg'oq cho'lga, arxeologik xarobalarga va And tog'lariga tashrif buyuring. |
| Markaziy Chili (Valparaiso, Santyago, O'Higgins va Maul mintaqalari) Mamlakatning yuragi bo'lib, siz asosiy shaharlarga, taniqli uzumzorlarga va Janubiy yarim sharning eng yaxshi tosh markazlariga tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin. |
| Chili janubi (Duble, Biobío, Araucania, Los Ríos va Los Lagos mintaqalari) Mapuches, ko'llar, daryolar va mifologiyaga boy Chiloe oroli. |
| Patagoniya (Aysen va Magallanes mintaqalari) Fyordlar, muzliklar, ko'llar va o'rmonlar. |
| Xuan Fernandes orollari Robinzon Kruzo va boshqa orollar |
| Pasxa oroli (Rapa Nui yoki Isla de Pascua) Tinch okeanining o'rtasida joylashgan yolg'iz orol, dunyodagi eng sirli tsivilizatsiyalardan biri. |
Shaharlar
- 1 Santyago - mamlakatning poytaxti va eng yirik shahri.
- 2 Concepción - Chilining ikkinchi yirik shahri.
- 3 Iquique - Shimoliy Chilidagi turistik markaz.
- 4 La Serena - atrofida va atrofida ko'p narsalar qilish mumkin bo'lgan maftunkor shahar.
- 5 Punta Arenas - dunyoning eng janubiy shaharlaridan biri.
- 6 San Pedro de Atakama - mehmonlar ko'p sonli shaharni atrofni hayratlanarli landshaftlarga qadam qo'yish toshi sifatida ishlatish uchun kelishadi.
- 7 Valdiviya - tarixdagi eng kuchli zilziladan keyin tiklangan "Daryolar shahri"
- 8 Valparaiso - asosiy Chili porti va YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati.
- 9 Vina del Mar - asosiy sayyohlik diqqatga sazovor joylari: plyajlar, kazino va musiqa festivali.
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
- 1 Chilo oroli - mamlakatning eng katta oroli.
- 2 Laguna San-Rafael milliy bog'i - faqat Rafa yoki samolyotda borish mumkin bo'lgan San Rafael muzligini o'z ichiga oladi
- 3 Lauka milliy bog'i - qudratli Volkan Parinakota tomonidan boshqariladigan dunyodagi eng baland ko'llardan biri bo'lgan Lago Chungara.
- 4 Pichilemu - Chilining eng yaxshi sörf joyi.
- 5 Robinzon Kruzo oroli - o'rmonlar va endemik flora bilan mashhur
- 6 Torres del Peyn milliy bog'i - tog'lar, ko'llar va muzliklar, shu jumladan Peyn minoralari.
- 7 Valle de Elqui - astronomik rasadxonalari bilan ham tanilgan sharob va pisco ishlab chiqaradigan maydon.
- 8 Valle de la Luna - ta'sirchan qum tepalari va tosh shakllari bilan hayratlanarli cho'l manzarasi.
- 9 Villarrika - ko'llar va vulqonlar bilan o'ralgan.
Tushuning
 | |
| Poytaxt | Santyago |
| Valyuta | Chili pesosi (CLP) |
| Aholisi | 18 million (2017) |
| Elektr | 220 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, L turi) |
| Mamlakat kodi | 56 |
| Vaqt zonasi | UTC − 03: 00, UTC − 05: 00 |
| Favqulodda vaziyatlar | 131 (shoshilinch tibbiy yordam xizmatlari), 132 (o't o'chirish bo'limi), 133 (Carabineros de Chile), 238-130 (wildfire), 134 (Chili Tergov Politsiyasi). |
| Haydash tomoni | to'g'ri |
| Wikidata-da tahrirlash | |
Chili chegaralari Peru shimolga va Argentina va Boliviya sharq tomon Chili Tinch okeanining janubiy qismida 5000 km dan ortiq (3100 milya) sohilga ega.
Tarix
XVI asrda ispanlar kelguniga qadar Chili shimolida Inka hukmronligi ostida bo'lgan, mahalliy Araucanians (Mapuche) esa Chili markaziy va janubiy qismida yashagan. Mapuche, shuningdek, Chili mustaqillikka erishguniga qadar ispan tilida so'zlashadigan qoidalarga to'liq singib ketmagan amerikaliklarning so'nggi mustaqil mahalliy guruhlaridan biri edi. 1810 yilda Chili mustaqilligini e'lon qilgan bo'lsa-da (Napoleon urushlari natijasida Ispaniyani bir necha yil davomida faoliyat yuritadigan markaziy hukumatsiz qoldirgan), 1818 yilgacha ispanlarga qarshi g'alaba qozonilmagan. Tinch okeanidagi urushda (1879–83), Chili Peru va Boliviyaning ayrim qismlarini bosib oldi va hozirgi shimoliy hududlarini saqlab qoldi. Faqat 1880-yillarga kelib Araukanlar butunlay bo'ysundirildi.
1970-yillarga qadar Janubiy Amerikani bezovta qilgan davlat to'ntarishlaridan va o'zboshimchalik bilan qilingan hukumatlardan xoli bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, o'sha o'n yil ichida ishlar yomon tomonga burildi. Ommaviy kommunistik / demokratik sotsialistik Salvador Allende 1970 yilgi erkin va adolatli saylovlarda juda ko'p miqdordagi g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritganida, u ijtimoiy adolat platformasida yugurdi va (allaqachon o'sha paytdagi) badavlat ozchilik va qolgan aholi o'rtasida katta bo'linishni bartaraf etdi. Biroq, ba'zi markaz-o'ng partiyalar (xususan Chili xristian-demokratlari) uning hukumatini qo'llab-quvvatlagan yoki hech bo'lmaganda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hujum qilmagan bo'lsada, u jamiyatning ayrim tarmoqlari va harbiy kuchlarining ichki muxolifati bilan kurashishga majbur bo'ldi, ammo ayni paytda qiyin xalqaro AQSh o'zlarining "orqa hovlisida" har qanday "kommunist" ga toqat qilmaydigan vaziyat. Armiya boshlig'i boshchiligidagi davlat to'ntarishida (Allende o'zini hech bo'lmaganda konstitutsiyaga emas, balki o'ziga sodiq deb ishongan holda o'zini tanlagan) Avgusto Pinochet 11 sentyabr 1973 yil, Allende hukumati ag'darilib, Allende vafot etdi miltiq o'qi, endi o'z joniga qasd qilish deb taxmin qilinmoqda. O'sha to'ntarish natijasida Chili 17 yil davom etgan Augusto Pinochetning harbiy diktaturasiga (1973-1990) toqat qildi, natijada 3000 ga yaqin odam, asosan chapchilar va sotsialistik tarafdorlar o'ldi yoki g'oyib bo'ldi. Pinochetni hokimiyat tepasiga olib kelgan davlat to'ntarishida AQShning qay darajada ishtirok etgani umuman aniq bo'lmasa-da, hozirgi kunda Prezident Nikson va uning tashqi siyosat bo'yicha maslahatchisi Genri Kissincer hech bo'lmaganda natijasi va natijasidan norozi emas edi, degan fikr keng tarqalgan. BIZ. Evropadagi ba'zi konservativ rahbarlar 1970 va 1980 yillar davomida Pinochet rejimining eng katta tarafdorlaridan biri bo'lgan. Pinochet o'zining uslublari uchun dunyo bo'ylab keng tanqidga uchragan edi, ammo Chili milliy markaziy ma'muriyati milliy referendumda mag'lubiyatga uchraganidan keyin hokimiyat tepasiga keldi. Pinochetning neo-liberal (tartibga solish va xususiylashtirish) siyosati iqtisodiy o'sishni rag'batlantirgan bo'lsa-da, ular aholining kambag'al qismlariga nihoyatda zarar etkazdi va boylar bilan kambag'allar o'rtasidagi farqni sezilarli darajada oshirdi. Iqtisodiy nomutanosiblik, xuddi Pinochetning konstitutsiyadagi tweaksiga o'xshab, uning jazosiz qolishini ta'minlashga qaratilgan (u ozmi-ko'pmi qilgan) va konservatorlar har doim amalda ba'zi masalalarga veto qo'yish; va bunday muammolar bugungi kunda ham mamlakatni qiynayapti. Patrisio Aylvinning yangi hukumati hozirgi Chilida hanuzgacha ma'lum darajada saqlanib kelinayotgan erkin bozor siyosatini olib borishni oqilona deb bildi.
Lotin Amerikasining aksariyat boshqa mamlakatlariga nisbatan GSYİH va yuqori iqtisodiyotga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, Chili dunyodagi eng notekis boylik taqsimotiga ega, Lotin Amerikasi mintaqasida faqat Braziliyadan oldinda va hatto rivojlanayotgan sub- Sahro Afrika davlatlari. Chilining eng boy foizli o'ntaligi mamlakat umumiy boyligining deyarli 42 foiziga ega. Daromad taqsimotiga kelsak, mamlakatning taxminan 6,2% yuqori iqtisodiy daromadlar, 19% o'rta qavs, 24% pastki o'rta, 38% pastki qavs va 13% o'ta qashshoq aholiga ega. Ushbu o'ta bo'linishlar ko'p shov-shuvlarga sabab bo'ldi va 2010-yillarning boshlarida ushbu masalalarga e'tiborni jalb qilish uchun yoshlar va talabalar norozilik harakati mavjud edi. Eng haddan tashqari tafovutlarni yumshatish bo'yicha ba'zi bir siyosatlar taklif qilingan yoki qabul qilingan bo'lsa-da, ularning ta'siri 2015 yil boshidan boshlab juda kam ko'rinadi.
Chili Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining ham, Janubiy Amerika Millatlar Ittifoqining (Unasur) ham ta'sischi a'zosi hisoblanadi va hozirda OECDda, hozirgi xalqaro standartlar bo'yicha "eng rivojlangan" mamlakatlar guruhiga kiradi va shu bilan Janubiy Amerikadagi birinchi davlatga aylanadi. sharaf.
Chili o'zlarini orollari bo'lgan uch qit'ali mamlakat deb da'vo qilmoqda Okeaniyava 1,25 million km² maydonga da'vo Antarktida, Argentina da'volari bilan bir-biriga o'xshash. Antarktika shartnomasining shartlarini inobatga olgan holda, Antarktidaga hech bir davlatning hududiy da'volari hech qachon tan olinmagan yoki istalgan vaqtda amalga oshirilishiga ruxsat berilmagan. Biroq, Argentina singari, ba'zi chililiklar Antarktida va uning atrofidagi orollardagi da'volariga jiddiy qarashadi.
Iqlim
Chilining g'ayrioddiy lentaga o'xshash shakli - uzunligi 4300 km va o'rtacha 175 km kengligi - unga dunyodagi eng quruq cho'ldan - Atakamadan shimolda, markazda O'rta er dengizi iqlimidan tortib, yomg'irgacha o'zgarib turadigan iqlimni ta'minladi. janubda mo''tadil iqlim, And tog'larida esa sovuq havo bor. Shimoliy cho'l katta mineral boylikka ega, asosan mis.
Madaniyat
Chilining bir-biriga o'xshamaydigan geografik xususiyatlari tufayli mamlakatning turli hududlarida madaniy ifodalar sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Shimoliy hudud, And mahalliy aholisi va Ispaniya bosqinchilari ta'sirini birlashtirgan, diabladalar va Fiesta de La Tirana kabi bayramlar va diniy an'analarga katta ahamiyat beradigan turli xil madaniy tadbirlar bilan ajralib turadi. Markaziy hudud asosan Chili qishloqlarining qishloq an'analari bilan belgilanadi. Ushbu geografik mintaqada bo'lgani kabi, Chili aholisining aksariyati to'plangan bo'lib, an'anaviy ravishda uyning madaniy o'ziga xosligi hisoblanadi. Uning eng yuqori ifodasi sentyabr oyining o'rtalarida Mustaqillik kuni tantanalarida ijro etiladi. Mapuche madaniyati va urf-odatlari La Araucania-da hukmronlik qiladi, Valdiviya, Osorno va Llanquihue ko'li yaqinida nemislarning ta'siri ustundir. Chiloe arxipelagida o'z mifologiyasiga ega bo'lgan madaniyat, janubiy mintaqada esa asosan Chilidan kelgan boshqa mintaqalardan kelgan muhojirlar va chet elliklar ta'sirida shaxsiyat yaratildi. Pasxa orolining madaniy o'ziga xosligi esa Polineziya madaniyatining qadim zamonlardan buyon asrlar davomida to'la-to'kis ajralib turishi bilan bog'liq.
Milliy bayramlar
Chilidagi tantanalar diniy bayramlar va tinch aholini xotirlash marosimlariga to'g'ri keladi. Janubiy yarimsharda joylashganligi sababli, turistik ijaraning yuqori mavsumi mahalliy darajada dekabrda boshlanadi va martning birinchi haftasigacha davom etadi. Ushbu davrning boshlanishi ikkita katta bayram bilan nishonlanadi: Rojdestvo, asosan oilalarga tegishli va dindorlikning bir jihatini saqlab qoladi va Yangi yil, odatda ancha jonli bo'lib, yirik shaharlardagi katta bayramlar va otashin bayramlari bilan. Yaxshi juma kunini nishonlash diniy va aks etuvchi ohang bo'lib qolmoqda, garchi Fisih bayrami bolalar bayramiga aylandi. Bahor kelishi yilning asosiy fuqarolik bayramini belgilaydi: Mustaqillik kuni, bu chililiklarni ovqatlanish va ichimliklar, an'analar, raqslar va musiqa bilan kutib olish uchun imkoniyatdir.
- 1 yanvar - Yangi yil kuni
- Mart va aprel - Yaxshi juma - Muqaddas shanba - Pasxa
- 1 may - Xalqaro ishchilar kuni
- 21 may - Dengiz shon-sharaflari kuni (Día de las Glorias Navales)
- 29 iyun - Azizlar Piter va Polning bayrami
- 16 iyul - Karmen Bokira kuni (Di de la Virgen del Karmen)
- 15 avgust - Maryamning taxminlari
- 18 sentyabr - Fiestas Patrias
- 19 sentyabr - Chili armiyasining shon-sharaf kuni (Di de las Glorias del Ejército de Chili)
- 12 oktyabr - Kolumb kuni
- 31 oktyabr - Evangelistlar va protestant cherkovlarining milliy kuni (Día Nacional de las Iglesias Evangélicas y Protestantes)
- 1 noyabr- Barcha azizlar kuni
- 8 dekabr - Beg'ubor kontseptsiya
- 25 dekabr - Rojdestvo
Din
Chilida dinni cheklash yo'q. 14 yoshdan katta bo'lgan aholining 70 foizga yaqini Rim-katolik, 15 foizga yaqini esa evangelistlar.
Gapir
Ispan tili mamlakatda rasmiy tildir va hamma joyda gaplashadi. Chililiklar aniq lahjadan foydalanadilar Kastellano-de-Chili talaffuzi, grammatikasi, lug'ati va jargon ishlatilishidagi turli xil farqlar bilan. Ispan tilida so'zlashadigan chet elliklar buni tushunishda muammolarga duch kelmaydilar va bu kulgili tuyuladi, deb o'ylashadi, lekin ona tili bo'lmaganlar ko'pincha buni tushunishga qiynalishadi, hatto ko'p yillik amaliyot bilan. Masalan, chililiklar so'zlarining oxirida "S" tovushini tushirishga moyil. Buning o'rniga ular ushbu tovushni "H" tovushiga almashtiradilar (ya'ni "tres" so'zi "tréh" deb talaffuz qilinadi). Boshqa tomondan, standart ispan tili birinchi lahja emas, lekin odamlar odatda juda ravon bo'lishadi.
Bu erda eng keng tarqalgan Chili iboralaridan ikkitasi:
- Xyevon (odatda shunday talaffuz qilinadi) yo'l-OHN) mazmuniga ko'ra turli xil so'zlarga tarjima qilinishi mumkin edi. Dastlab "jerk" ma'nosini anglatuvchi qasamyod so'zi "do'st" yoki "dude" sifatida ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
- Cachar (talaffuz qilinadi) ka-CHAR) "ushlamoq" fe'lidan kelib chiqqan va "anglash" ma'nosini anglatadi. Shuningdek, odatda g'alati konjuge shaklida ishlatiladi kachay ' jumlalar oxirida, xuddi "bilaman" ga o'xshash va og'zaki nutqda bu jinsiy aloqa ma'nosida ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
Ingliz tili katta shaharlarda, xususan Santyagoda va Valparaiso, Concepción yoki La Serena-da juda kam darajada tushuniladi. Endilikda maktablarda ingliz tili majburiy, shuning uchun yoshroq yoshlar uzoq keksa odamlarga qaraganda ingliz tilida gapirish ehtimoli ko'proq. 40 yoshdan katta bo'lgan chililiklarning aksariyati ingliz tilida gaplashishi ehtimoldan yiroq, agar ular sayyohlik sohasidagi ishchilar bo'lmasa.
Chapda mahalliy tillar, jumladan Mapudungun, Quechua va Rapa Nui (Pasxa orolida) gaplashadi, lekin faqat mahalliy aholi orasida, ular aholining 5 foizidan kamrog'iga ega. Ushbu guruhlardan birini tanigan ko'p odamlar ajdodlari tilida gapira olmaydilar va buning o'rniga faqat ispan tilida gaplashadilar.
Ko'plab chililiklar frantsuz, italyan va portugal tillarini tushunishadi, shuningdek nemis tilida so'zlashadiganlar bor, ayniqsa mamlakat janubida, bu erga 19-asrning ikkinchi yarmida va ba'zilari Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida nemis muhojirlari kelgan.
Chiqinglar
Kirish talablari
Vizalar
Quyidagi mamlakatlarning pasport egalariga Chiliga kirish uchun viza kerak emas, agar tashrif maqsadi 90 kungacha bo'lgan turizm (agar boshqacha ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa). Albaniya, Andorra, Antigua va Barbuda, Avstraliya, Avstriya, Bagama orollari, Barbados, Belgiya, Beliz, Boliviya, Bosniya va Gertsegovina, Braziliya, Bolgariya, Kanada, Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Xorvatiya, Kipr, Chex Respublikasi, Daniya, Ekvador, Salvador, Estoniya, Fidji, Finlyandiya, Frantsiya, Gruziya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Grenada, Gvatemala, Gayana, Gonduras, Gonkong, Vengriya, Islandiya, Indoneziya, Irlandiya, Isroil, Italiya, Yamayka, Yaponiya, Koreya Respublikasi, Latviya, Lixtenshteyn, Litva, Lyuksemburg, Makao (30 kun), Malayziya (30 kun), Maltada, Mavrikiy, Meksika, Moldova, Monako, Chernogoriya, Gollandiya, Yangi Zelandiya, Nikaragua, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Norvegiya, Panama, Paragvay, Peru, Polsha, Portugaliya, Ruminiya, Rossiya, Sent-Kits va Nevis, Sankt-Lucia, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinlar, San-Marino, Serbiya, Singapur (30 kun), Slovakiya, Sloveniya, Janubiy Afrika, Ispaniya, Shvetsiya, Shveytsariya, Tayvan, Tailand, Tonga, Trinidad va Tobago, kurka, Ukraina, Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari, Birlashgan Qirollik, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, Urugvay, Vatikan shahri, Venesuela va Vetnam.
Quyidagi mamlakatlarning fuqarolari va rezidentlari (agar ularning fuqaroligi oddiy pasport egalariga nisbatan qo'llaniladigan viza imtiyozlarida ko'rsatilgan bo'lsa) o'zlarining Milliy ID kartalari bilan kirishlari mumkin: Argentina, Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Ekvador, Paragvay, Peru va Urugvay
Boshqa millat fuqarolari, shu jumladan bir necha Afrika va Osiyo millatlari fuqarolari Chiliga kirishdan oldin, Chili konsulligidan maxsus viza olish uchun ariza bermasdan kira olmaydi.
Avstraliya fuqarolari endi o'zaro to'lovni 2020 yildan boshlab to'lashlari shart emas.
Sayyohlik vizasi haqida qo'shimcha ma'lumotni bu erda topishingiz mumkin Tashqi aloqalar vazirligi veb-sayti.
Konsullik haqida ma'lumot olish uchun quyidagi manzilga tashrif buyuring AQShning Chili elchixonasi veb-sayti yoki Chilining Buyuk Britaniyadagi elchixonasi.
Kirish va chiqish tartiblari
Chiliga kirishda, sizni Xalqaro politsiya, Chili Tergov Politsiyasining bir bo'limi (Policía de Investigaciones de Chileyoki PDI). Zobit sizning pasportingizni skanerdan o'tkazadi, sizning tashrifingiz maqsadi va Chilida qaerda turishingiz haqida savollar beradi, keyin pasportingizdan olingan ma'lumotlar, Chilida borgan joyingiz va katta matritsali shtrix-kodni ko'rsatadigan kvitansiyani chiqaradi. Ushbu kvitansiyani xavfsiz saqlang: bu eski turistik karta formasining ekvivalenti. Chilidan jo'nab ketayotganda sizdan Xalqaro politsiyaga taqdim etishingiz talab qilinadi va siz u holda ketishingizga yo'l qo'yilmasligi mumkin. Pasportingiz bilan birga, u sizni barcha mehmonxonalardagi 19% xona solig'idan ozod qiladi va uni yo'qotish juda qimmatga tushadi.
Agar samolyot bilan kelgan bo'lsangiz, sizdan yuklaringizni olib ketish uchun bagajni talab qilishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Siz bojxona deklaratsiyasini to'ldirishingiz kerak (parvoz paytida topshiriladi) va bojxona tekshiruvidan o'tishingiz kerak. Deklaratsiya qilish uchun biron bir narsangiz bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, barcha xalqaro kelganlar sumkalari aeroport bojxona stantsiyalarida rentgen apparatlari orqali tekshiriladi.
Chilidan chiqib ketayotgan reyslarda aeroport solig'i 25 AQSh dollarini yoki Chilidagi pesoda 500 km dan ortiq parvozlar uchun belgilangan bo'lib, bu odatda chipta narxiga kiritilgan. Ichki reyslarda aeroport solig'i 270 km dan kam bo'lgan masofaga bog'liq bo'lib, narxi 1969 CLP ni tashkil qiladi va uzoq masofalarga - CLP $ 5.70; har qanday holatda ham, u chipta narxiga kiritiladi.
Ko'pgina mamlakatlar singari, Chilida ham aeroportlarda immigratsiya tekshiruvi stantsiyalari mavjud ikkalasi ham kelayotgan va ketayotgan xalqaro yo'lovchilar. Immigratsiyani rasmiylashtirish uchun umumiy vaqt (kirish reyslari uchun bojxona uchun qo'shimcha vaqtni yoki tashqi reyslar uchun xavfsizlikni hisobga olmaganda) odatda kamida 30 minutdan bir soatgacha davom etadi. Shuning uchun ba'zi aviakompaniyalar xalqaro reyslarda Chilidan chiqib ketayotgan yo'lovchilardan uchib ketish vaqtidan uch soat oldin ro'yxatdan o'tishni, chet ellik immigratsiya va xavfsizlik tekshiruvini o'tkazish uchun etarli vaqtlarini ta'minlashlarini so'rashadi.
Boshqa cheklovlar
Chili - geografik jihatdan ajratilgan mamlakat, qo'shnilaridan cho'l, tog'lar va okean bilan ajralib turadi. Bu uni eng katta milliy iqtisodiy manbalardan biri bo'lgan qishloq xo'jaligiga zarar etkazadigan ko'plab zararkunandalar va kasalliklardan himoya qiladi. Shu sababli, yangi, tez buziladigan yoki yog'ochdan tayyorlangan mahsulotlarni (go'sht mahsulotlari, meva va sabzavotlar, asal, ishlov berilmagan yog'och va boshqalar) olib kirish cheklanishi yoki hatto taqiqlanishi mumkin. Kelgandan so'ng, bojxona deklaratsiyasi shakli siz olib yurgan hayvonot va o'simliklardan olingan har qanday mahsulotni deklaratsiya qilishni talab qiladi. Agar siz bo'lsangiz, shunday deb e'lon qiling va bojxona tekshiruvi stantsiyasida SAG xodimlariga shaklni ko'rsating. Agar buni uddalay olmasangiz, jarimalar juda og'ir bo'lishi mumkin (170-18000 AQSh dollari)
2016 yil 30 avgustgacha Chili apostilllar to'g'risidagi Gaaga konventsiyasini imzolamagan, ya'ni pasportdan tashqari barcha hujjatlar Chilida yuridik jihatdan yaroqsiz deb hisoblangan, agar Chiliga kelishdan oldin xorijiy Chili konsulligi yoki elchixonasi tomonidan qonuniylashtirilmagan bo'lsa. Konventsiya Chilida kuchga kirganligi sababli, chet el hujjatlari Chilida qonuniy majburiy deb qabul qilinishini ta'minlash uchun apostilllar bilan birgalikda notarial tasdiqlash yoki sertifikat olish kifoya.
Shuni unutmangki, Chili markazlashgan davlat (siyosatshunoslik bilan aytganda "unitar davlat"), shuning uchun qonunlar mintaqasidan qat'i nazar bir xil bo'lib qoladi.
Samolyotda
Chet elga tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun eng keng tarqalgan kirish joyi bu Arturo Merino Benítez xalqaro aeroporti (SCL IATA) Pudaxuel kommunasida, shahar markazidan 15 km shimoliy-g'arbiy Santyago. Bu Chilidagi eng yirik aviatsiya inshooti va yo'lovchilar tashish bo'yicha Janubiy Amerikaning 5-gavjum (2019 yilda 24 milliondan ortiq). Bu Okeaniya va Lotin Amerikasi o'rtasida havo qatnovining asosiy bog'lanish nuqtasidir.
Santyago xalqaro aeroportiga asosan Evropa, Amerika va Okeaniyadan bir nechta to'xtovsiz xalqaro xizmat ko'rsatiladi. LATAM Aviakompaniyalar - bu eng yirik milliy aviakompaniya va Amerikaning asosiy shaharlari, Sidney, Oklend, Papeete, Frankfurt va Madriddan parvozlar. SCL-ga xizmat ko'rsatadigan boshqa aviakompaniyalar Aerolíneas Argentinas, Aeromexico, Air Canada, Air France, American Airlines, Avianca, British Airways, Copa Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Emirates, Iberia, KLM, Level, Qantas va United Airlines.
2019 yilda xalqaro terminali kengaytirilishi bilan Santyago aeroporti nihoyat bir nechta samolyotlarni to'xtatish uchun etarli joyga ega, salbiy tomoni shundaki, endi u aeroportning eng chekkasida joylashgan, shuning uchun siz bir qator zinapoyalardan yoki kamarlardan foydalanishingiz kerak migratsiyaga. Ushbu muammo aeroportning yangi bosqichi bilan hal qilinishi kutilmoqda
Xalqaro xizmatlarga ega bo'lgan boshqa aeroportlar Arika, Iquique, Antofagasta, Calama, Concepcion, Puerto Montt va Punta Arenas-da, ularning barchasi qo'shni mamlakatlarga. Pasxa orolidagi Mataveri xalqaro aeroporti faqat Santyago va Papeetedan LATAM Airlines aviakompaniyasining reyslarini qabul qiladi.
Avtobusda
Agar siz allaqachon Janubiy Amerikada bo'lsangiz, arzonroq va ishonchli yo'l - Chiliga avtobusda borish. Avtobuslar Argentina har kuni jo'nab ketish Mendoza, Bariloche va San Martin de los Andes, va hatto Buenos-Ayres haftalik. Kimdan Peru, dan bir nechta avtobuslar bor Arekipa; ba'zi taksilar ham chegarani kesib o'tishadi Tacna va Arika. Shuningdek, bir nechta avtobuslar bor Boliviya shimoliy shaharlarga va Santyagoga. Bundan tashqari, mavjud Braziliya dan avtobuslar San-Paulu, dushanba va payshanba kunlari.
Boliviya yoki Argentinadan And tog'lari orqali o'tish 4000 metrgacha (13000 fut) baland balandlikda amalga oshiriladi. Shuningdek, Peru va Boliviyadan keladigan yo'llar sifat jihatidan biroz yomon, shuning uchun sabrli bo'ling. Iyun oyida boshlanadigan va avgustda tugaydigan qish paytida, Argentinadan yo'llar bir necha kun davomida qor tufayli yopilishi odatiy hol emas.
Qayiqda
Qo'shni Argentinadan qayiqda sayohat qilish kabi kompaniyalar mavjud Cruceandino dan chegara bo'ylab "kruiz" uslubidagi sayohatlarni taklif qilish Bariloche, turli uzunlikdagi sayohat bilan. Bir kunlik (12 soatlik) sayohat 300 AQSh dollarini tashkil qiladi.
Atrofga boring
Samolyotda
Chili aeroporti infratuzilmasiga ega. Chilidagi parvozlarning asosiy markazi bu Arturo Merino Benitez xalqaro aeroporti (SCL IATA) Santyagoda, u erdan bir nechta aviakompaniyalar mamlakatning eng chekka joylariga ham xizmat qiladi. Ushbu aviakompaniyalar uchta Chili aviakompaniyasi: LATAM Aviakompaniyalar, Sky Airline va JetSmart. LATAM hozirgacha eng yirik kompaniya bo'lsa-da, Sky va JetSmart asosiy shaharlarga yaxshi xizmatlarni taklif etadi.
2016 yildan beri, arzon aviakompaniyalar Chiliga xizmat ko'rsatishni boshlagandan so'ng, narxlar pasayib ketdi, shuning uchun siz bir necha yo'nalishda bir martagacha 6 900 dollarni tashkil etgan CLP narxiga uchishingiz mumkin, ammo kichik sumkadan tashqari bepul yuk tashish vositasi yo'q. Aviakompaniyalarning Chilidagi sahifasidan foydalaning, chunki ular CLP pesosidan haq olishadi, bu ingliz tilidagi versiyasidan AQSh dollaridan ancha arzon. Aviakompaniyalarning bildirishnomalariga obuna bo'lish tavsiya etiladi, chunki aksiyalarning aksariyati kod ko'rinishida. Parvozdan to'rt oy oldin arzon narxlarni topishingiz mumkin, ayniqsa seshanba va payshanba kunlari yoki shanba kunlari uchsangiz.
Deyarli barcha reyslar Santyagodan boshlanadi yoki tugaydi, shuning uchun boshqa shaharlar o'rtasidagi ko'plab yo'nalishlar Santyago aeroportida vaqt sarflashga olib keladi. Santyagodan qochadigan JetSmart tomonidan "Rutas Smart" deb nomlangan istisno; ularning aksariyati Antofagasta, Calama, La Serena yoki Concepcióndan. Ichki yo'nalishlarga LATAM bilan uchish paytida Airbus 319, Airbus 321 va Airbus 320 samolyotlari, Sky Airline yoki JetSmart bilan uchishda Airbus 320Neos xizmat ko'rsatmoqda.
Uchadigan yagona aviakompaniya Pasxa oroli Santyagodan LATAM aviakompaniyasi. Boshqa chekka joylarga mintaqaviy aviakompaniyalar xizmat ko'rsatadi. Ekstremal janubda, Aerovías DAP dan (yozda) kunlik marshrutlarni taklif etadi Punta Arenas ga Porvenir yilda Tierra del Fuego va Puerto Uilyams. Noyabr va mart oylari orasida DAP juda cheklangan va qimmat reyslarni taklif qiladi Villa Las Estrellas yilda Antarktida; ushbu reys faqat ekskursiya doirasida amalga oshirilishi mumkin va Punta Arenasda 5 kun turishni talab qiladi. Kimga Robinzon Kruzo oroli, Santyago va Valparaisodan haftalik reyslar mavjud.
Avtobusda
Avtobus tizimi murakkab va shahardan shaharga borishning arzon va qulay usulini ta'minlaydi. Mahalliy kompaniyalar odatda yo'l bo'ylab ko'plab stantsiyalarda to'xtashadi, ammo siz har doim to'xtovsiz yoki yo'qligini so'rashingiz mumkin directo xizmat. Deyarli butun mamlakatni qamrab oladigan kompaniyalar kiradi Turbus va Pullman (veb-saytlar faqat ispan tilida). Santyagoda siz "Universal" metro stantsiyasida ham terminallarni, ham boshqa kompaniyalarni topishingiz mumkin. Chili va Argentina (Salta) shimolini qamrab oladigan kompaniyalar Egizaklar.
Narxlar har kuni o'zgarib turadi, shuning uchun odatda dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari chiptalari ish kunlariga qaraganda qimmatroq. Chipta narxlari ham deyarli har doim kelishib olinadi: chegirma so'rashdan tortinmang, ayniqsa siz guruhda bo'lsangiz. Doimo turli xil stendlardan so'rang va sotuvchilar sizning atrofingizdagi xaridlarni ko'rayotganingizga ishonch hosil qiling.
Xizmat ko'rsatish sifati juda farq qiladi. Avtobus "cama" (karavot), "yarim kama" (og'ir moyil o'rindiqlar) yoki ejecutivo (ijrochi - ozgina moyil o'rindiq) ekanligini tekshiring. Hojatxonalar har doim ham mavjud emas va agar mavjud bo'lsa, har doim ham ishlamaydi, ayniqsa, uzoq safarning keyingi bosqichida avtobusga chiqsangiz (ya'ni, Arika - Santiago).
Avtobuslar deyarli hech qachon to'lmaydi, shuning uchun siz Chilidagi ta'til kunlaridan tashqari (yanvar-fevral, Pasxa va Fiestas Patrias). Bundan tashqari, aksariyat avtobus kompaniyalarining veb-saytlari yo'q yoki agar mavjud bo'lsa, ular chiptani sotib olish uchun Chili ID raqamini talab qilishadi.
Ba'zi kompaniyalar o'zlarining shaxsiy avtovokzallariga ega, ammo boshqa avtovokzalda ishlay olishadi va bu ayniqsa Turbus uchun to'g'ri keladi, shuning uchun avtobusga qayerga borishingiz kerakligini oldindan tekshirib ko'ring.
Poyezdda
Markaziy poezd, hukumat temir yo'l kompaniyasining yo'lovchi uchastkasi, muntazam ravishda Santyago va Chillan, shuningdek Santyago va Temuko o'rtasida vaqti-vaqti bilan xizmat ko'rsatiladi, bu ta'tillar uzoq dam olish kunlarini keltirib chiqarganda sodir bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, oxirgi qolgan ishlaydi ramal, yoki Talka va Konstitucion o'rtasidagi filial tarmog'i, shuningdek, sayyohlar uchun markaziy vodiy orqali sharobni tatib ko'radigan poezd.
By mikro
Mikro = tranzit / mahalliy avtobuslar. So'z - mikroblarning qisqarishi. Kattaroq shaharlarda arzon narxlarda shaharlararo avtobus yo'nalishlari mavjud. Faqatgina Santyagoning "Transantiago" deb nomlangan tizimida xaritalar mavjud (2020 yil may oyidagi xarita) barcha marshrutlar bilan, shuning uchun ozgina ispan tili va atrofdagilarga murojaat qilish jasurligi sizni boshqa yirik shaharlarda samarali joylar bilan ta'minlashi mumkin. Santyagodagi "mikro" bilan sayohat qilish uchun siz "deb nomlangan aqlli kontaktsiz sayohat kartasidan oldin sotib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi." BIP "va uni pul bilan to'ldiring. Buni har qanday metro stantsiyasida, aksariyat supermarketlarda va ba'zi kichik do'konlarda qilishingiz mumkin. Ushbu karta shuningdek, Santyagoda metro orqali sayohat qilish imkoniyatini beradi. Ehtiyot bo'ling! BIP kartangizda pulsiz avtobusda sayohat qila olmaysiz. Kartaning narxi 1550 KLP, chipta esa 700 KLPdan sal ko'proq turadi, bu sizga 2 soatlik muddat ichida metro va avtobuslar o'rtasida to'rttagacha pul o'tkazmalarini amalga oshirishga imkon beradi. Siz kartani faqat sayohat boshida va har bir o'tkazishda skanerlashingiz kerak. Orqa eshiklar orqali "mikro" ni sakrab o'tishingiz kerak.
By kolektivo
Mikro va taksi o'rtasidagi aralash. Ushbu kichik avtoulovlarda marshrutlar mavjud va tezroq va qulayroq yurishadi. Narxlar Micro-dagi narxlarga o'xshash va soatga bog'liq. Faqat naqd pulga.
Metro orqali
Santyago, Valparaiso va Concepción metropoliten hududlarida ishlaydigan metropoliten temir yo'l tizimi. Shahar atrofida harakatlanishning ishonchli usuli. To'lovni faqat bir marta to'lashingiz kerak (tizimga kirganingizda) va xohlagancha minishingiz mumkin. Hozir Santyagoda ikkita yangi liniya qurilishi sababli yana stantsiyalar mavjud. Ga tashrif buyuring veb-sayt qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.
Mashinada
Avtomobillarni ijaraga olish
Avtomobil ijarasi aksariyat yirik shaharlarda keng tarqalgan, ammo kichik shaharlarda emas. Odatda bitta odamga berilgan kredit karta, amaldagi haydovchilik guvohnomasi va pasport mashinani ijaraga olish uchun kerak. Agar sizning haydovchilik guvohnomangiz ispan tilida bo'lmasa, sizga xalqaro haydovchilik guvohnomasi (IDP) ham kerak. Ko'plab ijaraga beruvchi avtoulovlar ID-ni so'ramaydilar, ammo politsiyaga duch kelgan taqdirda, uni olish yaxshi. Santyagoda ijaraga berish narxi AQShnikiga juda o'xshash, ammo boshqa shaharlarda narxlar ancha yuqori bo'lishi mumkin. Agar siz ijaraga olingan avtoulovlarni Janubiy Amerika chegaralari orqali olib o'tishni istasangiz (yo'l safari doirasida), siz ijaraga olgan avtoulov kompaniyasini oldindan xabardor qilishingiz, qo'shimcha to'lovlarni to'lashingiz va qo'shimcha hujjatlarni olishingiz kerak. transport vositalarini chegaralar bo'ylab boshqaring. Janubiy Amerikadagi ijaraga olingan avtomobillarning barchasi yashirin GPS transponderlari bilan ta'minlangan (hatto mashinada navigatsiya tizimi mavjud bo'lmasa ham), shuning uchun kompaniya siz ularning transport vositalarini o'zlari bilmagan holda mamlakatdan olib chiqib ketishga harakat qilyapsizmi yoki kuniga juda ko'p kilometr yurishingizni bilasiz ( agar sizning transport vositangizda kunlik cheklov bo'lsa).
Avtoturargohlar uchun joylar va ko'chalar uchun yo'llar nisbatan tor, shuning uchun kichik transport vositasini olganingiz ma'qul. Biroq, aksariyat Lotin Amerikasi singari, chililiklar yoqilg'ini tejash uchun qo'lda uzatmalar qutisi bo'lgan transport vositalarini boshqarishni afzal ko'rishadi. Natijada, avtomat uzatmalar qutisi bilan ijaraga beriladigan eng kichik transport vositalari odatda standart o'lchamdagi sedanlar bo'lib, ular qimmatroq. Faqat avtomat uzatmalar qutisini boshqarishi mumkin bo'lganlar (shuningdek, majburiy va qo'shimcha sug'urta sug'urtasini olishni va transport vositasining shikastlanishi uchun shaxsiy javobgarlikni nolga tushirishni xohlashadi) bunday transport vositalarini ijaraga olish uchun kuniga 100 AQSh dollarigacha to'lashga tayyor bo'lishlari kerak.
Siz kabi politsiya talabiga binoan taqdim etishingiz kerak bo'lgan transport vositalariga oid bir nechta muhim hujjatlar mavjud permiso de aylanish (transport vositasi doimiy ravishda garajda bo'lgan mahalliy yurisdiktsiyaga transport vositasini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish uchun to'lovni to'laganligi to'g'risidagi dalil) va Chili transport vositasini sug'urtalash to'g'risidagi dalil. Avtoulovni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniya odatda ushbu hujjatlarni mashinada saqlaydi. Masalan, Avis Budget Group ularni qo'lqop bo'linmasiga sig'inadigan darajada kichik portfel papkasida joylashtiradi. Ushbu hujjatlar qaerdaligini bilganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, shuning uchun politsiyaga duch kelsangiz, siz pasport, haydovchilik guvohnomasi, ID va ijaraga olingan avtomobil shartnomasi bilan birga transport vositasini hujjatlarini darhol taqdim eta olasiz.
Yo'l belgilari va belgilar
Barcha yo'l belgilari va belgilar ispan tilida faqat. Ular Evropa va Shimoliy Amerika ta'sirining qiziqarli gibrididir. Evropaning ta'siri tezlikni cheklash belgilari va grafik piktogramma kabi joylarda, Shimoliy Amerikaning ta'siri ogohlantirish belgilari (sariq va olmos shaklidagi) va shriftlar kabi sohalarda aniqroq. Yo'l harakati belgilarining aksariyati o'z-o'zidan tushunarli, ammo ba'zilari tushunarli emas. Agar siz ispan tilini o'qiy olmasangiz yoki gapira olmasangiz, yo'l harakati to'g'risidagi qonunni bexosdan buzmaslik va politsiya tomonidan istalmagan e'tiborni jalb qilmaslik uchun siz eng keng tarqalgan belgilar va belgilarning ma'nosini yodlashga vaqt ajratishingiz kerak.
Evropa mamlakatlari singari, lekin Shimoliy va Janubiy Amerika davlatlarining aksariyatidan farqli o'laroq, Chili bo'linish uchun yo'llarda oq chiziqlardan foydalanadi ikkalasi ham xuddi shu yo'nalishda harakatlanadigan transport va qarama-qarshi yo'nalishda harakatlanadigan transport. Ular erdagi o'qlar bilan, shuningdek ko'cha nomlari belgilariga kiritilgan o'qlar bilan to'ldiriladi.
Yo'lga kira olmasligingizni ko'rsatish uchun Chili to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yuqoriga yo'naltirilgan o'q ustida xalqaro taqiq belgisidan (diagonal egri chiziqli qizil doira) foydalanadi.
Oddiy avtomagistrallarda Chili yo'riqnomalari odatda yashil rangga ega. Tezyurar yo'llarda ko'rsatma belgilari (avtopistalar) odatda ko'k (odatda har doim ham emas) yashil rangga ega bo'lgan avtomagistral yo'llarining chiqish yo'llari belgilaridan tashqari.
Yo'l harakati qoidalari
Tezlik chegaralari odatda shaharlarda 50 km / soat, shaharlararo avtomobil yo'llarida va ba'zi shahar tezyurar yo'llarida 100 km / soat, eng yaxshi shaharlararo tezkor yo'llarda esa 120 km / soat. Xavfli yo'l uchastkalari ko'pincha past tezlik chegaralari bilan imzolanadi, masalan, tepaliklar, ko'r-ko'rona egri chiziqlar, tunnellar, gavjum shahar ko'chalari va tor shahar xiyobonlari. Oxirgi ikkitasi soatiga 30 km ga imzo chekishga moyil.
To'liq to'xtab bo'lgandan keyin ehtiyotkorlik bilan qizil rangga burilishga aniq ruxsat beruvchi belgilar (kamdan-kam ko'rinadigan) bundan mustasno, qizil rangda o'ng burilish bo'lmaydi.
Santyago va boshqa shaharlarda orqaga qaytariladigan yo'llar va yo'llar mavjud. Shuningdek, ularning shaxsiy avtoulovlari tashqarida qolishi kerak bo'lgan va foto va videokuzatuvlar bilan ta'minlanadigan faqat avtobuslar uchun yo'llar mavjud (taksilar ham foydalanadilar). Agar siz faqat avtobuslar qatnov qismiga kirsangiz va burilish yoki oddiy qatorlarga qo'shilish belgisiz to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bir necha blok bo'ylab sayohat qilsangiz, ijaraga olgan avtomobil kompaniyasi sizga jarimaga tortilganingiz to'g'risida xabar bersa ajablanmang.
Like many countries, Chile prefers to use yield or give way signs whenever possible, and uses stop signs ("PARE") only when absolutely necessary (usually because it's a blind intersection and someone was killed there). If there aren't any visible traffic signs or markings governing priority, and two vehicles reach an intersection simultaneously, priority belongs to the vehicle approaching from your right.
Traffic signals are usually on timers with no sensor loops, so you will have to sit and wait even if it's the middle of the night. Unlike most Latin American countries, carjackings are relatively rare, so running red lights and stop signs late at night are emas tolerated by police.
Chileans generally obey red lights, stop signs and other traffic control devices, and their driving is much more sane than most of Latin America. However, some visitors find their driving to be more aggressive than at home. This is most evident when merging, especially when traffic from multiple lanes has to merge together in order to detour around road closures or accidents. Chileans also sometimes follow the European model of gently bumping into other vehicles while parallel parking, in order to squeeze into very tight spaces. Thus, many Chilean vehicles have chipped or scratched paint from such close encounters.
Also, despite steep fines and frequent use of radar guns, photo radar, and speed traps, speeding is rampant. When driving on intercity expressways, you will often encounter the "autobahn" problem seen in Germany, where you might merge into the right lane behind a truck or subcompact vehicle barely able to sustain 80 km/h, then have to patiently wait for the opportunity to merge into a left lane dominated by regular vehicles driving at the speed limit of 120 km/h, as well as occasional speeders exceeding 140 km/h.
It's mandatory to have always the car lights on, even during the day.
Road conditions
Chilean roads are generally good compared to most of Latin America. Expressways are virtually always well-maintained, paved, painted, signed, and largely free of potholes, cracks, litter and debris. However, many older streets in cities are in poor condition, and drivers must be alert to avoid cracks, dips, drains and potholes. Country roads are also sometimes in poor condition; they are not paved to the same thickness as in foreign countries, and even slight deterioration may cause the underlying dirt base to show through.
In big cities, it is a good idea to avoid rush hours, between 07:00 and 09:00 and between 17:00 and 20:00.
Toll roads
Chile has relied upon privatized toll concessions to build and maintain major highways since the early 20th century. If you plan on driving around Chile, plan on paying lots of tolls. Rates ("tarifas") for all types of vehicles are always posted on large signs before toll plazas, and if you miss the rate sign, the current rate in effect that day for standard passenger cars is always posted on a sign in front of each separate toll booth. Chilean highways normally use barrier toll plazas at locations that are hard to avoid (e.g., near steep mountain ranges and rivers), and do not use distance-based tolling tracked through tickets.
Santiago has adopted a mandatory electronic toll collection system ("TAG") for use of all privatized tollways in the city; even the airport access road is a tollway. There are no toll plazas on the Santiago tollways, only toll gantries, so driving on them without a TAG transponder means you may incur a large fine. All rental car companies in Santiago are required to include TAG transponders in vehicles and include TAG fees in their rental car prices. Once you have rented a vehicle in Santiago, you should feel free to use Santiago tollways (which can save substantial amounts of time), since you are paying for them. Some rental companies (like Chilean) have a minimal amount (CLP$2,000) for TAG included in their rental contract. So, you do not have to worry that much about fees leaving and returning to the city. In this case, rather take a direct route than trying to avoid the toll roads.
Chile has not yet mandated full automatic interoperability between TAG and the various Televia transponders used on intercity toll roads, such as Route 68 which connects Santiago to Valparaiso. There are now programs under which users of transponders on one system can temporarily gain interoperability, but such access has to be manually requested before each use and it is a substantial hassle. And many toll plazas still do not take credit cards. Therefore, if you rent in Santiago but plan to drive to other cities, you must obtain sufficient Chilean pesos to pay tolls before leaving the city and go through the cash ("Manual") lanes at toll plazas. Similarly, if you rent in another Chilean city and drive to Santiago, you should examine city maps first and stay away from tollways that require TAG.
Avtoturargoh
In 2017, Chile introduced a new law which regulates the price of parking and makes parking companies liable if your stuff is stolen.
Many private parking facilities in Chile are just like parking facilities anywhere in the world. You take a bar-coded ticket upon entry, pay at a vending machine before returning to your vehicle, and then insert the ticket into a reader at the exit gate. In Santiago, the parking concessionaire Saba uses orange RFID "ChipCoins" for the same purpose, as well as for access control to parking garages (so that the only people who can enter underground parking garages are those who already obtained ChipCoins at the vehicle entrance).
Otherwise, public parking on streets and in some surface lots is more complicated, because Chile does not have parking meters. Instead, you will see signs saying that so-and-so curb (or lot) has been reserved for a specific person or company, between certain hours, for so many pesos for every 30 minutes. If you don't see anyone present, it's usually OK to park there (unless the sign also advises otherwise), but if the concessionaire is present, they will print out a receipt on a handheld machine and tuck it under your windshield wiper to record when you arrived. You then pay them the parking fee when you come back.
In some public parking areas, even if there isn't a sign declaring that a particular street has been reserved, you may see self-appointed car guards who will demand tips in exchange for watching your car when you are absent (and who might sometimes help you back into spaces and back out of them). This is a racket (and quite annoying to people from places where car guards are not tolerated), but it's generally a good idea to cooperate; CLP$500 is usually more than sufficient to secure their cooperation, but be careful and never tell them that you will be away for a few hours, as these individuals can be associated with some shady people. Car guards are usually not seen in private parking facilities, as they have private security guards on patrol who are paid out of parking fees.
Yoqilg'i
Petrol in Chile is normally unleaded and comes in 93, 95, and 97 octane. Diesel is also available at many stations. Due to high taxes and Chile's distance from major oilfields, expect to pay about 1.5 times the average U.S. price for equivalent fuel (but still less than in most of Western Europe). There are some Self-service and usually you pay a little less per liter (CLP$8), but it's only available to pay by card and the machines are only in spanish.
By thumb
The concept of hitchhiking as a form of travel is not common or well comprehended. Nevertheless, many people will stop to take you for a ride, either because you are a tourist or they believe the bus is not very frequent and you might be stuck. Thus, hitchhiking in Chile is not difficult, given enough time and patience. It is seen as a common form of travel for tourists or young, adventurous Chileans.
On large highways such as the Panamerican Highway, hitching is really great and easy because there are many trucks going between big cities. Also, more often you will be lucky with workers traffic and less with (local) tourists. Hence, depending on the region, a holiday or Sunday can sometimes be difficult. Smaller, more scenic roads such as the Carretera Austral in the south, can leave you waiting for half a dozen hours in the more remote sections but the rides will generally get you a long way and are worth waiting for. If you are a tourist be sure to show it with your backpack, flags attached to your backpack, etc. The locals love chatting with foreigners.
Due to the lack of budget accommodation in many regions and even larger cities off the touristy routes, as well as because of the large distances, it is advisable to carry a tent with you. There are many opportunities along the coast or backcountry to put it up. However, along the central Ruta 5, it is advisable to rather take a bus as a last resort.
Along larger highways always wait somewhere convenient at the ramp towards the highway where cars enter. Waiting directly at the highway can be highly unsuccessful, because of the speed cars have then. They will often not be willing to slow then. Ruta 5 becomes more and more difficult to hitch-hike the closer you get north to Santiago, because then it is mostly local traffic that often takes exits to cities that are contrary to the direction you travel. E.g. entering the city in the south because this is where you come from. However, you actually want to go north, so most traffic north leaves at the northern entry to the highway. Therefore, get to the coast from Temuco or at least Concepción if going north, even though Concepción might be difficult to cross. Traffic along the Ruta del Mar is less frequent but more gracious, and camping opportunities are more frequent and less worrisome. South of Valdivia things are more bearable, because towns and cities have just one entry and exit to/from the highway.
- Also, find many helpful tips in the hitchhiking guide of WikiVoyage.
Chile is an excellent place for hiking and trekking, both in the (volcanic) mountains and the lush forests, providing many interesting trails. However, due to the often remote nature of these trails, it is important that you are well prepared and have a proper and reliable map with you. In addition, using GPS adds an extra layer of safety, both in cities as well as the countryside. For reliable (offline) maps and comprehensive trails and map information, consult OpenStreetMap, which is also used by this travel guide, and by many mobile Apps like OsmAnd (complex with many add-ons) and MAPS.ME (easy but limited).
Qarang
Stretching from 17°S in the north to 55°S in the south, Chile is latitude-wise among the longest countries in the world, with several climate zones and types of nature. High mountains are present everywhere in the country. On the Chilean mainland you can visit three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Old Valparaíso, the Sewell mining town in Rancagua and the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works outside Iquique. Just off the coast are the churches of Chiloé Island, and five and a half hours by plane across the Pacific Ocean will get you to maybe the most famous "Off the Beaten Path" destination in the world: Easter Island.
Qil
- Hiking and trekking. Chile is a great country to seek out the nature, glaciers, lakes and mountains for a couple of days with a tent, sleeping bag and cooking ware. Many of Chile's (southern) sights are spotted with beautiful hiking trails of varying quality and level. Often you will have to climb up a mountain to see a glacier or a lake, just to return later—in that case consider leaving your (heavy) luggage where it cannot be found and enjoy the trail without the burden, but remembering where you left your backpack before. Also, see the general Piyoda yurish va Wilderness backpacking guidelines of WikiVoyage. Check out the following great destinations:
- Chiloé Island and its beautiful coastal national park with mostly flat hikes
- Valdivia, the Reserva Costera Valdiviana and many other destinations around Valdivia with flat to rolling hills
- Cochamó Valley, Yosemite of Chile and the huge area south of it, even into Argentina, for medium to advanced hikers
- Talca and everything to its east, for advanced hikers
- Torres del Peyn milliy bog'i, impressive, touristy and expensive
- Surfing. Everything between Cobquecura and Pelluhue, like Curanipe, Cardonal, Tregualemu and Buchupureo are exceptional surfing destinations and mirror the shape and conditions of the Californian coast on the northern side of the continent. This region is still a hidden gem and is receiving a lot of state support for development. However, beaches and breaks are far from overrun and you can find many lone opportunities to try out your board.
- The Salar de Uyuni tour from San Pedro de Atacama is one of the most impressive things to do in South America. Although, actually part of Bolivia, it is very popular to do the tour from San Pedro itself. The town even offers other impressive sights around it and inside Chile, which are worth exploring. However, if you are heading to Uyuni, only Valle de Luna is really worth doing.
- Chile is home to the second largest recreational pool in the world (formerly the largest until its builder finished an even larger pool in Egypt in 2015) at the San Alfonso del Mar resort in Algarrobo. You will want a sailboat to complete its 2 km length.
Sotib oling
Pul
Exchange rates for Chilean peso 2020 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra:
Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com |
Chile's currency is the Chilean peso (ISO code: CLP), denoted by the symbol "$". Wikivoyage uses the notation "CLP$" for clarity. Other currencies are not widely accepted, but most cities have exchange bureaux with reasonable rates for euros and US dollars. The rates should be published on widely visible boards.
The colloquial term luca is used for 1000 pesos, so for instance "tres lucas" is 3000 pesos.
The 5-peso and 1-peso coins were descontinuated in November 2017. Most prices are in multiples of 10 or even 100, but if you end up needing to pay an amount that isn't and your amount ends in 5 or less, your amount will be round up to the lower multiple of 10, in the opposite case your amount will be round up to the higher multiple of 10 (example: CLP$1,664→1,660; CLP$1,666→1,670). This rule only applies when you pay by cash.
Credit Cards
While credit cards are commonly accepted throughout Chile, there are two differences to be aware of. For credit cards that require signing, there is a line below the signature line labeled C.I. (cedula de identidad or identity card). Foreigners are expected to write down their passport or national ID number. Not all locations will require CI to be filled. Even fewer will ask to confirm the number with your ID. The other difference is credit cards machines will ask sin cuotas yoki con cuotas. As a foreigner, you should always selection sin (which means without). Cuotas literally translates to fees and is a way for Chilean banks to offer a payment plan over the period of months.
Banking
Never exchange money on the street, especially if a "helper" indicates you to follow them. Rates at exchange bureaus are too good to take this risk.
It's not advisable to exchange currency in the hotel or the airport as the rates are awful. Just be patient. Banco Santander has a monopoly on the ATMs of the airport and will add a surcharge of CLP$2,500 for retrieving cash but it's still better than the exchange bureaus.
The automatic teller machine (ATM) network in Chile is respectable in coverage—they're all connected to the same service and enable standard transactions. Different banks will charge you different amounts of money for extracting cash—you will be advised on the screen of the surcharge. Banco Estado does not add a surcharge for MasterCard. However, as of Mar 2018, Banco Estado charges CLP$4,000 and Banco de Chile charges CLP$6,500 on Visa cards. Withdrawals of up to CLP$200,000 are possible with Banco Estado. Some travellers were even able to withdraw CLP$280,000, which brings down the percentage of fees further.
Criminals sometimes install hard-to-detect skimmers and micro-cameras in some less surveiled ATM facilities. These devices are meant to read your card's information to produce a clone. Several international crime gangs have been arrested for this. Always check if the card slot looks suspicious or is easy to move or detach and always cover the keyboard with your hand while punching your PIN.
Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in most of the independent commerce of major cities and in all chain stores, no matter where they are. The PIN security system has been introduced for credit cards, so you will mostly only need your personal PIN (four digit code) as it exists in other parts of the world. For some cards you will not be asked for your PIN and they will use the four last numbers of the credit card entered manually and you will have to show a valid ID.
Money exchange, accommodation, VAT, etc
Considering the withdrawal fees at ATMs, it is a good idea to bring some US dollars or even Euros to Chile. Money exchange rates are quite competitive with an included fee of around 1%—the fee is 4% when withdrawing CLP$100,000 from an ATM.
Nevertheless, having US dollars is also handy for paying at your accommodation, because if can paying in foreign currency as foreigner, you do not have to pay VAT. This is true also for credit card payments in foreign currency, but most smaller places will often not support US dollar credit card payments or even just credit card payments, because it needs to be registered with the tax office of Chile (SII) for this purpose. But sometimes you are lucky, and they will not charge the VAT at all, even if paying in local currency, which is kind of illegal.
When using US dollars, make sure to always have and receive proper notes. US dollar notes that are flexed too much, have writing on them or discoloration or stains are barely accepted. Even though, banks seem to be more forgiving than smaller money changing offices. Which is fine, because banks have quite competitive rates. However, exchange office can sometimes even beat these rates, e.g. yilda Valparaíso.
You might decide to generally pay with your credit card, in local or foreign currency, due to the competitive exchange rates of your bank and the low 0-3% payment fee. However, credit card fraud in South America is not uncommon, and you are better off to only use your card with respected businesses.
Tipping
Tipping is not obligatory but is generally expected. It is usually assumed that customers will leave a tip of 10%, if the service is considered satisfactory. Sometimes restaurants automatically add it to the bill.
It's also important to tip the baggers at grocery stores; CLP$300-500 is fine.
Xarid qilish
Basic supplies
For basic supplies like groceries, there are many convenience stores and corner grocery stores. Large supermarkets such as Lider, Jumbo, Tottus and Santa Isabel are often found both as stand-alone stores and as mall anchors. Lider will seem a little familiar to North Americans in that it is owned by Walmart and has reconfigured its store signage to look somewhat like Walmart stores. However, Chile's strong consumer goods economy is dominated by local brands, which means almost all the brands on the shelves will be new to most visitors from outside South America.
The dominant pharmacy chains in Chile are Cruz Verde, Ahumada and Salcobrand. Only cosmetics are kept in the public area. All drugs and supplements are kept behind the counter and must be asked for by name, which can be tricky if you cannot speak Spanish.
Artesanal
Nowadays, the word artesanal is used in inflationary manners in Chile and Argentina mostly without any added value. It has become a marketing term used by many places in hope of selling things at an inflated price, pretending extra quality where there is none. Generally, you are better off ignoring this term and skipping goods, food or places that emphasis this wording.
Yemoq
Chilean cuisine has a wide variety of dishes that emerged from the amalgamation of indigenous tradition and Spanish colonial contribution, combining their food, customs and culinary habits. Influences from German, Italian and French cuisines are thanks to immigrants who arrived during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Chilean Creole food in general is presented as a mixture of the meat and agricultural products of each area. In the north and south fishing is a major economic activity and this is reflected in the variety of dishes: the desert area's ceviche (fish seasoned with lemon and onions) and curanto (cooked seafood, meat, sausages and potatoes made in a hole in the ground) are the ultimate expression of chilota kitchen. The potato is also key in other chilota preparations as milcao and chapaleles. The central area uses corn (maize) and beef for foods such as tamales. Pie pine casserole and charquicán are some of the most recognized within the region. The roast, meanwhile, stands as the main preparation for informal gatherings and family; take this opportunity to learn more about Chilean society. Desserts include alfajores and Curicó cakes, while German immigrants introduced the kuchen and strudel pastry.
Chile's extensive geography allows development on its shores of several varieties of seafood: the top highlights are the croaker, pomfret, conger eel and salmon, which is produced industrially in the south of the country. For shellfish: oysters, as well as certain crustaceans such as crab and lobster. Beef, chicken and pork are the main meats, although in the Patagonian area one can easily find lamb. Chile is a major exporter of fruit, so you can find a variety of apples, oranges, peaches, strawberries, raspberries and custard, in good quality and much cheaper than in Europe or North America.
Despite this wide variety of dishes and products, normal food in a Chilean home is not very different from any other Western country; during your stay you will certainly see more dishes with rice, meat, potatoes or pasta than corn pies or cakes.
In Santiago and major cities, you can find a wide range of restaurants serving both local and international food. Although optional, it is customary to add a gratuity of 10%, delivered directly to the waiter. He or she will always welcome more. Not giving a tip is considered quite rude, performed only when there has been very bad service.
The major fast food chains in the world have several branches in the country. If you resort to fast food, it is better to have one of the wide variety of sandwiches that exist in the country: the Barros Luco (meat and cheese) and Italian full (hot dog with tomato, avocado and mayonnaise) are the most traditional. If you are in Valparaíso and have good cholesterol levels, do not waste the opportunity to try a chorrillana. On the streets you can find many stalls selling buns (fried pumpkin masses) and the refreshing mote with ossicles. Food prepared in stalls will generally give few problems, although don’t try if you have a weak stomach.
- Pastel de choclo: corn casserole filled with ground beef, onions, chicken, raisins, hardboiled egg, olives, and topped with sugar and butter.
- Empanada de pino: a baked pie filled with ground (minced) beef, onion, raisins, a piece of boiled egg and a black olive. Watch out for the pit.
- Empanada de queso: a deep-fried pastry packet filled with cheese. Found everywhere, including McDonald's.
- Cazuela de vacuno: beef soup with a potato, rice, a piece of corn and a piece of squash.
- Cazuela de ave (or de pollo): same as above, but with a piece of chicken.
- Cazuela de pavo: same as above, but with turkey.
- Porotos granados: stew made with fresh beans, squash, corn, onion and basil.
- con choclo: with grains of corn.
- con pilco yoki pirco: with corn thinly chopped.
- con mazamorra: with ground corn.
- con riendas: with thin sliced noodles.
- Curanto: lots of seafood, beef, chicken and pork, potatoes, cheese, and potato "burguers," prepared in a hole in the ground ("en hoyo") or in a pot ("en olla"); a dish from Chiloé.
- Southern sopaipillas: a fried pastry cut as 10-cm (4-in) circles, with no pumpkin in its dough (see Northern sopaipillas in the desserts section). They replace bread. They are known South of Linares.
- Lomo a lo pobre: a beefsteak, fried potatoes, a fried egg (expect two in restaurants) and fried onions.
Besides typical foods, you should expect food normally found in any Western country. The normal diet includes rice, potatoes, meat and bread. Vegetables are abundant in central Chile. If you are concerned about the portions, consider that the size of the dish increases the farther south you travel.
With such an enormous coastline, you can expect fish and seafood almost everywhere. Locals used to eat bundles of raw shellfish, but visitors should be cautious of raw shellfish because of frequent outbreaks of red tides. Chile is the world's second largest producer of salmon, as well as a number of other farmed sea products, which include oysters, scallops, mussels, trout and turbot. Local fish include corvina (sea bass), congrio(conger eel), lenguado (flounder), albacora (swordfish), and yellow fin tuna.
Sandwiches
- Hotdog yoki Completo (meaning 'complete' in English). Not similar to the US version. This one includes mayonnaise, mustard, ketchup, tomato or sauerkraut (chucrut), mashed avocado (palta) and chili (ají). These ingredients make a full sandwich, called un completo. With mayonnaise, tomato and avocado it's un italiano (an Italian) with the colors of the Italian flag.
- Lomito. Cooked pork steaks served with anything that can go in a hotdog. Italiano is the preferred form but German purists prefer it with sauerkraut (chucrut).
- Chacarero: a thin beefsteak (churrasco) with tomato, green beans, mayonnaise and green chili (ají verde).
- Barros Luco: Named after President Ramón Barros Luco. Thinly-sliced beefsteak with cheese.
- Choripán: Bread with "chorizo", a highly seasoned pork sausage. Named that way because the contraction of "Pan con Chorizo" or "Chorizo con Pan".
A common combination is meat with avocado and/or mayonnaise, e.g. Ave palta mayo (chicken with avocado and mayonnaise) or Churrasco palta (thinly-sliced beefsteak with avocado). The strong presence for avocado is a Chilean standard for sandwiches that influences the fast food franchises to include it in their menus.
Desserts
- Shimoliy sopaipillas: a fried pastry cut as 10-cm (4-in) circles, which includes pumpkin in its dough, and normally is eaten with chancaca, a black treacle or molasses. It's customary to make them when it rains and it's cold outside. Sopaipillas as a dessert are only known north of San Javier. From Linares to the South, they are not dessert and pumpkin is left out, so, when it rains, Chilean Southerners must cook picarones. In Santiago, Sopaipillas can be served covered with a sweet syrup as a dessert, or with spicy yellow mustard.
- Kuchen (or cújen, pronounced KOO-hen) is German for pie. In the South ask for kuchen de quesillo, a kind of cheesecake.
- Strudel (pronounced ess-TROO-dayl). A kind of apple pie.
- Berlín. When they translate John Kennedy's famous quote (often mistakenly thought of as a gaffe) they say it's a “jelly doughnut”. The Chilean version is a ball of dough (no hole) filled with dulce de membrillo, crema pastelera yoki manjar. Powder sugar is added just in case you have a sweet tooth.
- Cuchuflí. Barquillo (tube of something crunchy like a cookie) filled with manjar. The name originally comes from cuchufleta which means deceit or trickery, as they used to be filled only at the tips of the barquillos, leaving the middle part empty.
Fruit
Central Chile is a major tempered fruit producer, you can easily get fruit for dessert, including apples, oranges, peaches, grapes, watermelons, strawberries, raspberries, chirimoyas and several other varieties.
Temperate fruit is of very high quality and prices are usually much lower than in most of the U.S. and Western Europe, while tropical fruit is rather rare and expensive, except for bananas.
Ichish
- Wine: Chile produces some excellent wines, competing with France, California, Australia and New Zealand on the world market. Notable are the Cabernet Sauvignon and Carmenere in red, along with whites from the Casablanca valley.
- Mote con Huesillo: A delicious summertime drink made of wheat seeds (mote) and dried peaches (huesillos) boiled, sweetened, and served cold. Typically sold on sidewalk or park stands.
- Chilean Pisco: Brandy made from Muscat grapes. Popular brands are Capel, Alto del Carmen, Mistral va Campanario.
- Pisco Sour: One of Chile's most popular mixed drinks, this consists of Pisco mixed with lemon juice and sugar. It has a delicious tart sweetness.
- Mango Sour: Pisco mixed with mango juice.
- Piscola: Pisco mixed with Coke.
- Borgoña: Red wine and strawberries.
- Terremoto: ("Earthquake"): a typical Chilean drink that consists in a mix of pineapple ice cream with pipeño (like white wine).
- Schop: Draught beer.
- Fan-Schop: Beer mixed with orange Fanta or orange crush soft drink. A refreshing alternative on a hot summer day.
- Beers: Cristal and Escudo are the most popular (light lagers). Royal Guard is tastier, Kunstmann is on pair with European beers.
- Jote*: wine and Coke.
- There's disagreement between Chile and Peru about the origin of Pisco. Although Pisco was registered as a Chilean drink for some countries in the last century, it is historically Peruvian in origin for much longer. Further, Chilean and Peruvian drinks are not the same product, they have different manufacturing procedures, different varieties of grape and not the same taste.
Unlike other Latin-American countries, in Chile it's illegal to drink in unlicensed, public areas (streets, parks, etc.) The laws also restrict vendor hours depending on the weekday (in no case after 03:00 or before 09:00).
Chileans drink a lot of alcohol. So don't be surprised to see one bottle per person.
Uyqu
Chile has many types of hotels in the cities: some of the most prevalent chains are Sheraton, Kempinsky, Ritz, Marriott, Hyatt, and Holiday Inn.
There are also hostels of varying quality. On the backpacker trail, a local hostel version can be found in every small city residential. However, as soon as you are off the backpacker trail, you will find it hard to find hostels, which unfortunately is true for many nice and interesting places around Chile. Contrary to the believe of locals and common marking of accommodations (e.g. on OpenStreetMap), hospedaje va hostal is not to not be confused with hostel, i.e. they do not offer dormitories. If a generalisation is possible, hospedaje generally means guest house, and hostals are small hotels. Hence, the frequency of real hostels is very low.
There is also a variety of accommodations in the mountain ski centers, such as the world-class resort Portillo, 80 km (49 mi) north of Santiago; "Valle Nevado" in the mountains approximately 35 km (22 mi) away from Santiago, and the Termas de Chillan ski resort and hot springs, which lies about 450 km (280 mi) south of Santiago.
Many camping places are available officially with amenities, and backcountry along the coast or near hiking trails. So, if you bring a tent the scarcity of hostels can be dealt with in this way. Consult OpenStreetMap, which many mobile Apps like OsmAnd va MAPS.ME use, to find sites which have been tagged by other people as possible camping sites.
Walking in without reservation is not recommended during high season and will generally not give you a better rate than online.
Motels vs hotels
A quick word of caution; in Chile a "motel" is not the same as what one normally finds in the United States. The term motel in Latin America usually refers to a place of accommodation where the rooms are rented on a short term basis, typically for romantic assignations. Hotels, by contrast, are places of accommodation for travelers and are typically family friendly. Many hotels will not permit persons who are not registered as guests to go beyond the reception area. This is for the safety of both the guests and hotel staff and also to protect the hotel's reputation in what is still a culturally conservative and Catholic country. So visitors looking for a place to enjoy the physical company of another, will often use motels. Also privacy is something of a premium in Chile, with children often living at home until they are married. For this and other practical reasons, couples, even married couples desiring a little intimacy, sometimes rent a room at a motel. These motels are common in Chile and do not carry the social stigma that used to be associated with so called "no tell motels" in the United States or Canada. The quality and price of motel accommodation varies, sometimes drastically, with most being clean and well kept. Rooms are engaged anonymously with the tariff and any associated charges usually being paid on a cash only basis.
VAT issues
Rates on the common reservation website(s) are often quotes without VAT (19%), which has to be added when paying. As a tourist you might be exempted from paying the VAT when paying in foreign currency, but many accommodations do not support payment in foreign currency (either in cash or credit card). On the other hand some accommodations will give you the price without VAT even in Chilean pesos because your are a tourist. The situation is highly confusing and sometimes frustrating. It is nevertheless a good idea to have some US dollars with you and ask before paying.
A potential way to avoid the discussion, if you want to pay in US dollars without VAT, is by reserving your accommodation online and immediately sending a message to the place asking them to cancel the reservation in case they do not accept US dollars without VAT payments. Mostly always, prices are quoted in dollars, and this way you save the time and trouble of understanding the place's actual VAT policies besides the ones quoted online. Accommodations will barely make the effort to demand money in case your reservation is cancelled unexpectedly—often you can even reserve without a credit card.
O'rganing
Along with Mexico and Argentina, Chile continues to grow as a preferred destination for studies abroad. It is not uncommon to find groups of European or North American students taking interdisciplinary studies in Spanish language or latinamerican culture and history in one of its many reputed universities:
- In Santiago
- Universidad de Chile - The best university in Chile according to America Economia
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile -One of the best universities in Chile with several courses taught in English.
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Universidad Central de Chile
- In Valparaíso va Viña del Mar
- In Southern Chile
- Universidad de Concepcion
- Universidad de La Frontera
- Universidad Austral de Chile
- Universidad de Los Lagos
- Universidad de Magallanes
Ish
Foreigners need to apply for a work visa before arriving (it can be done after, but it is a lot harder to get one). Temporary permits are issued to spouses and people with a contract. Under-the-table jobs are normally not well paid, lack the mandatory health insurance and retirement plans, and are a reason to get deported.
Volunteering (and learning Spanish at the same time) is big in South America and thus also in Chile—check out the general information on the South America article.
Another way to volunteer in Chile is for the English Opens Doors Program. It is sponsored by the United Nations Development Program and the Chilean Ministry of Education and places volunteers in schools throughout Chile to be English teaching assistants. The program provides volunteers a home-stay with a Chilean family, meals, a participation bonus of CLP$60,000 for each month of completed service, health insurance, TEFL training, and access to an online Spanish course. There is no fee for participation.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
 | Note: In 2019, there were violent protests in several major Chilean cities. In July 2020, protests began to rise again, especially in Santiago. Exercise caution in large cities. |
| (Information last updated Aug 2020) |
Like most big cities in South America, Santiago suffers from a high rate of pickpocketing and muggings. It's advisable not to travel in the downtown area wearing expensive-looking jewelry or watches, even during the day. Stay alert and be especially careful in all crowded areas in Santiago. It is recommended to wear your backpack at the front of your body in crowded areas. Laptops and the newest mobile phones can be lucrative for thieves, so remember to be on your guard once using them in public places.
For tourists or other "beginners" lacking experience in over-the-counter transactions with hard Chilean currency, you can reduce the chance of your wallet getting stolen by following some advice:
- Separate coins and bills. Coins are frequently used when paying for public transport (except in Santiago buses, where you need to board with the Bip card), newspapers or snacks, store them in a small handbag so that your bills will remain concealed.
- 1000-, 2000- and 5000-peso notes should be easily accessible. Notes of higher value should be stored in another, more secure place in your wallet so you don't accidentally pay CLP$10,000 instead of 1000, for example. All notes have different sizes and they all are very differently coloured and designed.
- Do not reach for your wallet until the vendor tells you the price.
Chilean Carabineros (National Police) are trustworthy: call 133 from any phone if you need emergency assistance. Some municipalities (such as Santiago or Las Condes) have private guards; however, they usually don't speak English.
Do not try to bribe a carabinero, since it will get you into serious trouble! Unlike other South American police corps, Chilean Carabineros are very proud and honest, and bribery would be a serious offence against their creed.
Regarding driving conditions: Chilean drivers tend to be not as erratic and volatile as those in neighboring countries.
Some parts of Chile are still racially homogeneous and locals will be curious if they see a person who is either Asian or black. Being of Middle Eastern origin and wanting to blend in amongst Chileans, getting dressed as a local will help you, though naturally, if you speak with a foreign accent, people will pick up on that right away. Cities like Santiago, Viña del Mar or Antofagasta have become more multicultural in the last few years with immigrants from Haiti, Colombia, China, the Dominican Republic and Cuba, so being a foreigner in those places will not be met with curiosity. Some Chileans who have a low opinion of foreigners might yell "negro" (Spanish for black) or "chino" (Spanish for Chinese), but only report to Carabineros if you are physically assaulted by someone. Racist attacks are infrequent in general but the Carabineros know how to deal with such crimes, so don't hesitate to report if something happens.
Immigration from countries where Islam is the state religion is very small compared to countries in Europe. There are mosques in the country but the average Chilean is not used to seeing a woman in a hijab or burqa so many will stare or make a comment. Chililiklarning an'anaviy kiyingan ayollarni og'zaki ta'qib qilishlari haqida xabarlar bor, ba'zilari hattoki o'g'il bolalar yoki erkaklar ularni sudrab yurgani haqida xabar berishgan. Kamdan kam bo'lsa ham, bunday bo'lishi mumkin va bu haqda politsiyaga xabar bering. Ba'zilar sizning hijob yoki burka kiyib yurish huquqingizni himoya qilishadi, shuning uchun barcha chililiklar irqchi deb o'ylamang. Falastinning katta jamoati mavjud, ammo ularning aksariyati nasroniylardir.
Bilan hududlarda suratga olishda ehtiyot bo'ling harbiy binolar yoki masalan, kirish joyini qo'riqlayotgan askarlarni ko'rsangiz. Ular sizning kamerangizni hibsga olishga va musodara qilishga haqli. Savollarga javob berishga va har bir fotosuratni askar yoki dengiz piyodalari ko'rigidan o'tkazishga vaqt sarflashga tayyor bo'ling. Dengiz piyodalari / askarlar sizning chet ellik sayyoh ekanligingiz haqidagi ogohlantirishlarni tushunmaganligingizni tushunganliklari sababli qamoqdan qochasiz va so'roq qilinmoqda, chunki askarlar bunday vaziyat yuzaga kelganda buni kutishadi. Ammo bunday vaziyatdan qochganingiz ma'qul va buning o'rniga suratga tushishingiz mumkinmi deb so'rang. Ba'zi dengiz piyoda askarlari yoki askarlar ingliz tilida ozgina gapirishlari mumkin, aks holda kamerangizni ko'rsatib, suratga olmoqchi ekanligingizni anglab, ob'ektni ko'rsatib "si?" Deyishingiz mumkin. Agar ular "yo'q" deb javob bersalar, ularning qarorlarini hurmat qilish oqilona bo'ladi.
Tashqarida bo'ling siyosiy noroziliklar har qanday shaharda, ayniqsa Santyagoda. 2011 yil davomida mamlakatni hayratga solgan talabalar noroziligi zo'ravonlik bilan yakunlandi. Agar tomosha qilishni istasangiz, xavfsiz joyda qoling va yaqinlashishdan saqlaning. Karabinerolar siyosiy namoyishlar bo'lishi bilan har doim hushyor holatda bo'lishadi va ba'zi odamlar faqat zo'ravonlik qilishni xohlagani uchun qo'shilishadi. Masalan, Chili kabi musobaqalarda g'olib chiqish kabi sport bayramlaridan saqlaning, chunki ular zo'ravonlik bilan tugashi mumkin.
Agar siz tashqariga chiqsangiz bar yoki klublar, ichimlik buyurtma qilishda ehtiyot bo'ling. Agar siz xavfsiz bo'lishni istasangiz, shishada pivo buyurtma qiling yoki iloji bo'lsa, bir shisha sharob yoki qattiq ichimlik uchun pul bering. Spiked ichimliklar bilan bog'liq muammolar ko'payib ketdi, shuning uchun buyurtma berishda har doim ichimliklaringizni kuzatib boring. Yoshlar yoki talabalar uchun mo'ljallangan joylar arzon ichimliklar, sharob va pivoga moyil bo'lib, ulardan umuman voz kechish kerak, chunki ular yomon ishlab chiqarilgan va siz uchun xavfli bo'lishi mumkin. Buning o'rniga barda yoki tungi klubda Cristal yoki Casillero del Diablo kabi taniqli brendlarni buyurtma qiling.
Ko'p shaharlarda ko'chalarda yurib, ko'p narsalarni ko'rasiz itsiz itlar. Ehtimol, ular kasalliklarga duchor bo'lishadi, shuning uchun ularga tegmang. Ular hamma joyda va sayyohlar orasida mashhur joylar egasiz itlarga to'la. Mahalliy odamlarning itsiz itlarga nisbatan tajovuzkorligini ko'rsangiz, janjalga aralashmang. Ular ularni har kuni ko'rishadi va mahalliy aholiga nisbatan tajovuzkor bo'lgan itlarga qanday munosabatda bo'lish haqida fikr bildirgan holda, faqat ikki kundan beri Chilida bo'lgan sayyohga iltifot ko'rsatmaydilar. Shaharlarda adashgan itlardan tashqari, qishloq joylarida va ko'pgina fermer xo'jaliklarida itlar bor, lekin ular odatda o'z xonalarini tark etishga moyil emaslar, bu hali ham sodir bo'lishi mumkin va ular sizning yo'lingizni to'sib qo'yishi mumkin. Ikkala holatda ham, agar it zararli ko'rinmasa ham, biron sababga ko'ra juda yaqinlashayotganini sezsangiz, bitta, ikki yoki uchta toshni oling va aksariyat itlar imo-ishorani tushunib, orqaga chekinib, uzoqqa g'oyib bo'lishadi. Agar bu yordam bermasa va it sizga qarshi ag'dar-baqrayib yugurayotgan bo'lsa, toshlardan himoya qiling.
Joylashgan Tinch okeanining olov halqasi, butun Chili moyil zilzilalar va sunami.
Sog'lom bo'ling
Mamlakat bo'ylab tibbiyotda nisbatan yaxshi standartlarga ega bo'lgan holda, sog'lig'ini saqlash qiyin emas. Ammo, odatda, xususiy tibbiy muassasada yanada aniqlangan resurslar topiladi, favqulodda holatlarda 131 raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qiling, ammo ingliz tilini yaxshi biladigan operatorni kutmang.
Gepatit A ga qarshi emlash barcha sayohatchilar uchun tavsiya etiladi. Sizning sayohat sharoitingizga qarab boshqa potentsial vaktsinalar orasida: Gepatit B, tifo, quturish va gripp.
Müslüm suvi ichish xavfsizdir. Bilingki, tog'lardan suv ishlab chiqariladi, shuning uchun chet elliklar uchun qiyinroq bo'lishi mumkin. Bunday holda, shisha suvni sotib olish maqsadga muvofiqdir.
Hurmat
- Ko'p jihatdan zamonaviy bo'lsa-da, Chili asosan an'anaviy bo'lib qolmoqda. Agar siz ushbu an'analarni ochiqchasiga kamsitmasangiz yoki buzmasangiz, siz bundan ham yaxshiroq ish qilasiz.
- Lotin Amerikasidagi boshqa mamlakatlardan farqli o'laroq, Chili politsiyasi o'zining halolligi va malakasi bilan hayratga tushadi. Darhol politsiyaga shikoyat qiling, shu jumladan jinoiy harakatlar. Chilida pora qabul qilinmaydi Lotin Amerikasining boshqa mamlakatlaridan farqli o'laroq, agar siz bunga urinib ko'rsangiz, hibsga olinishingiz mumkin.
- Chilidagi mezbonlaringiz Pinochet haqida past fikrda bo'lishadi deb o'ylamang. Bu kutilmagan bo'lishi mumkin, ammo uning hukumati hali ham ko'plab tarafdorlariga ega, shuning uchun muammoni ko'tarishda ehtiyot bo'ling. Agar siz boshqa siyosiy mavzular haqida bahslashmoqchi bo'lsangiz ham, odamlar siyosat haqida fikr bildirishlari va hatto ovozini ko'tarishlari mumkin. Sizning fikringizga qarab, ular sizni "kommunistik" yoki "fashist" deb atashlari mumkin.
- Chililiklar juda do'stona odamlar. Ularning aksariyati sizga ko'chada, avtobus bekatida, metro stantsiyasida va hokazolarda ko'rsatmalar yoki maslahatlarda yordam berishga tayyor bo'lishadi. Xavfni oldini olish uchun aqldan foydalaning.
- Aytayotgan so'zlaringizga ehtiyot bo'ling: ko'plab yosh odamlar ingliz, frantsuz, italyan yoki nemis tillarida gaplashishlari va tushunishlari mumkin. Odobli bo'ling.
- Chililiklar takabburlikni yomon ko'rishadi. Kibrli bo'ling va muammolarga duch kelasiz; mehribon bo'ling va hamma sizga yordam berishga harakat qiladi.
- Chililiklar sizning ispan tilingiz qanchalik yaxshi bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, sizni chet ellik deb bilishadi. Agar ular sizni "gringo" deb atashsa, xafa bo'lmang - aksariyat chet elliklar shunday nomlanadi, bu haqoratli emas.
- Agar siz qora tanli yoki qora tanli bo'lsangiz, sizni do'stona tarzda "negro" deb atashlari mumkin. Bu hech qanday n so'ziga o'xshash emas. Chililiklarning aksariyati irqchi emas, ammo boshqa Janubiy Amerika mamlakatlaridan farqli o'laroq, Afrika merosiga ega bo'lgan deyarli har bir kishi chet ellikdir. Bundan tashqari, "negro" qorong'i teriga ega odamlar uchun keng tarqalgan laqabdir. (Negr - ispancha qora so'z).
- Chili 1879-1883 yillarda Peru, Boliviya va Argentinaga qarshi Tinch okeanidagi urushda qatnashgan. Patagoniya bir paytlar Chilining bir qismi bo'lgan, ammo Argentina hujum qilish bilan tahdid qilgani sababli, ushbu maydon argentinaliklar tomonidan qo'shib olingan, bu bugungi kunda ham ko'pchilikning g'azabiga sabab bo'lgan. Bugungi kunda Chili shimolida joylashgan Peru ham, Boliviya ham o'z hududlarini yo'qotdilar va ziddiyat hanuzgacha qizg'in bahslarga sabab bo'lmoqda. Ba'zilar hattoki Peru yoki Boliviyadan kelgan mehmonlar va noqonuniy muhojirlarga nisbatan irqchi fikrlarni bildirmoqdalar. Boliviya hanuzgacha yo'qolgan hududini yoki "okeanga chiqishni" qaytarishni istamoqda, bu ko'plab chililiklarning g'azabiga sabab bo'ldi. Ba'zilar Boliviyaga dengizga chiqish yo'lagi berilishi to'g'risida kelishib oladilar, ammo Boliviya yoki Peru eski hududlarini Chilidan qaytarib olish huquqiga ega deb ehtiyotkorlik bilan aytadilar; bu sizni juda ko'p muammolarga olib keladi. O'z fikringizni bildirishdan ko'ra savol bering, chunki chililiklar g'azablanadilar va "dushmanning tashviqotiga quloq solgan o'qimagan chet ellik" deb o'ylashadi.
- Chili arab dunyosidan tashqarida eng katta Falastin diasporasiga ega va ularning aksariyati o'zlarining merosi bilan faxrlanishlarini, shuningdek Falastin ishini qo'llab-quvvatlashlarini ifoda etadilar. Shuningdek, siz ota-bobolaringiz, Isroil bilan to'qnashuv va hokazolar haqida juda kam ma'lumotga ega bo'lganlarni uchratasiz. Xafa bo'lmang; ular o'zlarini birinchi navbatda falastinlik yoki arab emas, balki chililik deb bilishini yodda tuting. Ularning 1 foizdan kamrog'i arab tilini bilishi taxmin qilingan, shuning uchun siz arab tilida so'zlashadigan mamlakatdan bo'lsangiz yoki ushbu tilda biron bir ma'lumotga ega bo'lsangiz, ular bilan bu tilda suhbatlashishni kutmang.
- Chilining janubida nemis merosiga da'vo qiladigan ko'plab odamlar bor va ular bundan juda faxrlanadilar. Agar ular nemis familiyasiga ega bo'lmasalar ham va ehtimol Germaniyadan buvisi yoki buyuk buvisi bo'lsa ham, ular nemis-chililik ekanligini aniqlaydilar. Falastin merosi ahli singari, juda kam odam nemis tilida gaplashadi. Ba'zi janubiy qishloqlarda nemis tilida so'zlashadigan aholi bor, lekin siz ularga tashrif buyurishingiz dargumon. Har bir kishi ispan tilida gaplashadi, shuning uchun siz Chilining janubiga sayohat qilishni istasangiz, nemis tilini bilishingizga hojat yo'q.
Engish
Boshqa sayohatchilar
Facebook-da Argentina va Chili Backpacker / Traveller guruhi, bu erda boshqa sayohatchilar va mamlakat haqida dolzarb ma'lumotlarni topishingiz mumkin. Umuman olganda, shuningdek qarang Janubiy Amerika # Cope.
Tabiiy zaxiralar
Ko'pgina milliy bog'lar va qo'riqxonalar g'alati tashrif vaqtlariga ega, masalan, kirish soat 9:00 dan 15/17: 00gacha, masalan, quyosh botguncha chiqib ketishingizni talab qiladi. Buning sababi shundaki, Chilida bir kecha-kunduzda ruxsat berish paytida milliy bog'larni dahshatli sharoitda qoldirib, asosan mahalliy aholi bilan bog'liq salbiy tajribalar mavjud edi. Bunday holat biroz noqulay bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa, siz chodir bilan sayohat qilishga odatlangan bo'lsangiz. Shu bilan birga, yaqinda ko'pincha muqobil marshrutlar mavjud, ular o'rniga tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin. Ba'zi odamlar hatto ish vaqtidan oldin yoki undan keyin kirishni taklif qilishdi, chunki idora ko'pincha doimiy ravishda xodimlar bilan ta'minlanmaydi. Qanday bo'lmasin, oyoq izlaridan boshqa hech narsa qoldirmang va barcha axlatlarni olib keting.
Ulanmoq
Telefon
- Ko'chalarda jamoat telefonlari buzilishi yoki buzilishi ehtimoli katta, shuning uchun telefonni korxona yoki stantsiya ichida ishlatish yaxshiroqdir.
- Uyali telefonlar va shahar telefonlari uchun oldindan to'langan kartalar aksariyat gazeta do'konlari, supermarketlar, yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari, dorixonalar va telefon sotuvchilarida sotiladi.
- Mobil GSM tarmoqlari barcha yirik shaharlarda va Chilining markaziy va janubiy hududlarida keng tarqalgan.
- Asosiy oldindan to'lanadigan uyali telefon odatda CLP 15000 dollar turadi, eng tez-tez 10000 CLP oldindan to'lash qiymatiga ega. Oldindan to'langan telefonni sotib olish uchun identifikator talab qilinmaydi.
- ENTEL, Movistar yoki Claro-dan GSM SIM-kartalar odatda CLP uchun 5000 dollarga sotiladi, ammo kreditsiz, shuning uchun qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun oldindan to'lash daqiqalarini sotib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi.
- Pulni kredit yoki debet karta yordamida deyarli har qanday bankomatdan va ba'zi dorixonalardan (Ahumada, Cruz Verde va Salco Brand) peshtaxtada va naqd pulda olish mumkin. Shuningdek, avtomatlashtirilgan xizmat ko'rsatuvchi operator orqali kredit karta yordamida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri telefonga pulni ispan yoki ingliz tillarida yo'naltirishlar bilan olish mumkin.
- Chili telefonlarini raqamlash sxemasi oddiy.
Internet
Hukumat tashabbusi bilan bugungi kunda ko'plab qishloq shaharlari markazda (plazada) yoki avtovokzal yonida bepul Wi-Fi tarmog'iga ega. Biroq, Internetning ishonchliligi har xil bo'lishi mumkin.
Shuningdek, atrofda boshqa Wi-Fi ulanish nuqtasi mavjudligini tekshiring. Ular odatda metro stantsiyalarida, aeroportlarda, savdo markazlarida, kafelarda, jamoat binolarida va bir nechta jamoat joylarida bo'lishadi. ("Gratis" deb aytadiganlarni tekshiring - bepul)
Bundan tashqari, mavjud kiber kafelar har qanday yirik va o'rta shaharlarda va barcha sayyohlik yo'nalishlarida. Ba'zi kutubxonalar Biblioredes dasturida, bepul kompyuterlar va Internet bilan ta'minlangan (agar siz kamerangizni ulasangiz yoki shunga o'xshash narsalar juda sezgir bo'lishi mumkin). Ba'zi bir chekka joylarda ommaviy kutubxonalar mavjud Internet sun'iy yo'ldosh aloqalari.