Xorvatiya (Xorvat: Xrvatska) ko'priklarni o'rnatadigan O'rta er dengizi mamlakati Markaziy Evropa va Bolqon.
Mintaqalar
Xorvatiyaning uchta alohida hududi mavjud: pasttekislik Xorvatiya (Nizinska Xrvatska), Xorvatiya (Primorska Hrvatska) va tog'li Xorvatiya (Gorska Xrvatska) va ularni toza ravishda beshta sayohat mintaqasiga bo'lish mumkin:
| Istriya (Istra) Shimoli-g'arbda, chegaradosh yarimorol Sloveniya |
| Kvarner Dalmatiyaning shimolidagi dengiz qirg'og'i va baland tog'lar, subregionlarni o'z ichiga oladi: Kvarner ko'rfazi va Tog'lik (Lika va Gorski Kotar) |
| Dalmatiya (Dalmaciya) O'rta er dengizi bilan materik va orollar chizig'i Bosniya va Gertsegovina |
| Slavoniya (Slavonija) Slavonija va Baranja (Drava daryosining shimolida) subregionlari, shu jumladan, o'rmonlar va dalalarning shimoliy-sharqiy maydoni, chegaradosh. Vengriya, Serbiyava Bosniya va Gertsegovina |
| Markaziy Xorvatiya (Središnja Hrvatska) Shimoliy markaziy tog'li joylar Zagreb |
Shaharlar
- 1 Zagreb, poytaxtda yaxshi eski shahar bor.
- 2 Osiek sharqda bosh shahar Slavoniya, ko'plab byudjet reyslari bilan.
- 3 Pula ning asosiy shahri Istriya yaxshi saqlanib qolgan Rim amfiteatri bilan.
- 4 Rijeka Xorvatiyaning asosiy porti bo'lib, Italiya va Adriatik orollariga paromlar bilan.
- 5 Zadar boy tarixga ega va tabiat qo'ynida joylashgan, ammo aksariyat sayyohlar e'tiboridan chetda qolgan.
- 6 Split Rim imperatori saroyiga tikilgan butun qadimiy shaharga ega.
- 7 Makarska shaharning o'zi kichkina, ammo bu uzoq Makarska Rivierasining markazidir.
- 8 Dubrovnik ajoyib devor bilan o'ralgan shahar va
YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati.
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
Orollar Xorvatiya taqdim etadigan eng yaxshi narsalardan biri. Ularning soni 1244 ga teng, ammo eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlar:
- 1 Kreslar, katta va yaxshi rivojlangan. Yaqin atrofda Krk hozirgi kunda materik bilan bog'langan.
- 2 Brač Supetar asosiy porti bo'lgan uzun ingichka orol.
- 3 Xvar dilbar eski portga ega.
- 4 Korchula jozibali eski shahar va kichik qishloqlarning qatoriga ega.
Ichki qo'pol tog'larda ko'plab tabiiy joylar mavjud:
- 5 Žumberak Sloveniya va Xorvatiya o'rtasidagi tog'li mintaqadir.
- 6 Plitvits milliy bog'i ajoyib manzarali maydon va YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati.
- 7 Krka milliy bog'i Sibenik yaqinidagi daryo vodiysi.
Tushuning
 | |
| Poytaxt | Zagreb |
| Valyuta | Xorvatiya kunasi (HRK) |
| Aholisi | 4,1 million (2018) |
| Elektr | 230 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, Schuko) |
| Mamlakat kodi | 385 |
| Vaqt zonasi | UTC 01:00 |
| Favqulodda vaziyatlar | 112, 192 (politsiya), 93 (o't o'chirish bo'limi), 94 (shoshilinch tibbiy yordam xizmatlari) |
| Haydash tomoni | to'g'ri |
| Wikidata-da tahrirlash | |
Iqlim
Shimoliy Xorvatiya mo''tadil kontinental iqlimga ega, markaziy va tog'li mintaqalarda Alp iqlimi mavjud. Adriatik qirg'og'i yoqimli O'rta er dengizi iqlimiga ega. Bahor va kuz qirg'oq bo'ylab yumshoq, qish esa markaziy va shimoliy hududlarda sovuq va qorli. Ichki yanvarda o'rtacha harorat -10 ° C dan 5 ° C gacha; Avgust 19 ° C dan 39 ° C gacha. Dengiz bo'yidagi o'rtacha harorat yuqoriroq: 6 yanvardan 11 ° gacha; Avgust 21 ° C dan 39 ° C gacha.
Relyef
Xorvatiyaning geografiyasi Vengriya chegarasi bo'ylab tekis qishloq xo'jaligi tekisliklari (Markaziy Evropa hududi), Adriatik qirg'oq chizig'iga yaqin past tog'lar va balandliklar va orollar bilan ajralib turadi. 1246 ta orol mavjud; eng kattalari Krk va Kreslar. Eng baland joy 1830 metr balandlikda joylashgan Dinara.
Tarix
Qadimgi davrlarda hozirgi Xorvatiya Illyria va Dalmatiya hududlarining bir qismi bo'lgan. Ushbu mintaqa ostiga tushdi Rim nazorati miloddan avvalgi 27 yildan boshlab Illyricum nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan viloyatga aylandi. 5-asrda Rim tanazzulga yuz tutdi va ostrogotlar bu fursatdan foydalanib, bu hududni qisqa muddat boshqarib turdilar. Avarlar ko'p o'tmay, erni Avar xoqonligi tarkibiga qo'shib olishdi.
VII asrning boshlarida xorvatlar kelib avarlarni mag'lubiyatga uchratdilar va ikkita gersoglikni: Xorvatiya va Pannoniyani tuzdilar. 850 yilda Trpimirovich sulolasining tashkil etilishi Dalmatiyalik xorvat knyazligini kuchaytirdi, u Pannoniy knyazligi bilan birgalikda 925 yilda qirol Tomislav boshchiligida qirollikka aylandi. Mustaqil Xorvatiya qirolligi 1102 yilgacha davom etdi, Xorvatiya bir qator sulolaviy kurashlardan so'ng Vengriya bilan shaxsiy ittifoq tuzdi va Vengriya qiroli ikkala mamlakat ustidan hukmronlik qildi. 1526 yilda, Vengriya Usmonli turklariga qarshi halokatli mag'lubiyatga uchragan Mohac jangidan so'ng, Xorvatiya Vengriya bilan aloqalarini uzdi va uning parlamenti (Sabor) Xabsburg monarxiyasi bilan yangi shaxsiy ittifoq tuzish uchun ovoz berdi. Xorvatiya Xapsburg davlati tarkibidagi avtonom qirollik bo'lib qoldi (va keyinchalik) Avstriya-Vengriya) Birinchi Jahon urushida mag'lubiyatga uchragan imperiya tarqatib yuborilgunga qadar.
1918 yilda qisqa muddatli Sloveniya, Xorvatlar va Serblar davlati (Avstriya-Vengriyaning janubiy slavyan qismlaridan o'yilgan) Serbiya Qirolligiga qo'shilib, Serblar, Xorvatlar va Slovenlar Qirolligini tashkil qildi, keyinchalik 1929 yilda Yugoslaviya deb nomlandi. Yangi davlat o'zining unitaristik xarakteriga ega bo'lib, yangi hududiy bo'linish doirasidagi barcha tarixiy chegaralarni yo'q qildi, natijada Xorvatiya uchun ko'proq avtonomiya uchun kuchli harakat paydo bo'ldi. Bunga 1939 yilda, Ikkinchi Jahon urushi boshlanishidan bir necha kun oldin, Xorvatiyaga Yugoslaviya tarkibida xorvatiyalik Banovina sifatida keng avtonomiya berilganida erishildi. 1941 yilda eksa kuchlari Germaniya va Italiya Yugoslaviyaga bostirib kirgach, davlat tarqatib yuborildi, uning qismlari Germaniya va Italiyaga qo'shildi va Xorvatiya va Serbiyada qo'g'irchoq hukumatlar o'rnatildi. 1941 yilda Serbiyadagi partizanlar va chetniklar o'rtasida bo'linishdan so'ng, Bosniyaning markaziy, sharqiy va shimoli-g'arbiy qismidagi Chetnik guruhlari bir tomonda Germaniya va Ustaše (NDH) kuchlari va boshqa tarafda partizanlar o'rtasida tutilganligini aniqladilar. Kommunistlar etakchisi Iosip Broz "Tito" (uning otasi xorvat bo'lgan) boshchiligida deyarli deyarli kuchli qarshilik harakati tashkil qilindi va u keng xalq tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlandi. Ustasa boshchiligidagi fashistlarning qo'g'irchoq davlati, hozirgi Xorvatiyaning aksariyat qismi, butun Bosniya va Gersegovina va Serbiyaning ozgina qismini o'z ichiga olgan Mustaqil Xorvatiya davlatida olti millionga yaqin aholi, shu jumladan 3,5 million xorvatlar, 1,8 kishi yashagan. million serb va 700 ming bosniyalik. Natsist Nürnberg qonunchiligi asosida NDH 1941 yil aprel oyida "oriy bo'lmagan" yahudiylar va lo'lilarga qarshi qonun qabul qildi. Jasenovac kontsentratsiyasi 1941 yilda tashkil etilganidan so'ng, faqat boshqa Evropadagi kabi fashistlar Germaniya tomonidan emas, balki faqat usta rejimi tomonidan boshqarilib, etnik jihatdan toza davlat haqidagi tasavvurida - bosniyaliklar musulmon e'tiqodining xorvati deb hisoblangan - NDH boshlandi serblar va ikki ozchilikni, yahudiy va lo'lilarni va boshqalarni nishonga olish, ular antifashistlar bo'lgani uchun, shuningdek haqiqiy yoki gumon qilingan siyosiy dushmanlar bo'lgani uchun o'ldirildi. 2000-yillarda Yasenovac yodgorlik maydoni lagerda o'ldirilgan yoki vafot etgan barcha mahbuslar ro'yxati ustida ish boshladi, mavjud ism-shariflar ro'yxati, hujjatlar, o'lim haqidagi tasdiqlar va qarindoshlar tomonidan tasdiqlangan. "Memorial" sayti hozirgacha eng keng qamrovli ismlar ro'yxatini tuzdi, ular tarkibida 83 145 qurbon bor. Etnik kelib chiqishi bo'yicha saralangan ro'yxatda 47 627 serb, 16 173 lola va 13116 yahudiy bor, xorvatlar, bosniyalar va boshqalar ularning umumiy sonini tashkil qiladi. Yodgorlik saytining o'zi bu raqam yakuniy emasligini aytganda, shuningdek, uning ro'yxatida alohida xatolar borligini tan olayotgan bo'lsa-da, qurbonlarning umumiy soni uning taxminiga ko'ra 80,000 dan 100,000 gacha bo'lgan odamlarga to'g'ri keladi. 1945 yil boshlarida NDH armiyasi nemis va kazak qo'shinlari bilan Zagreb tomon chekindi. Ular mag'lubiyatga uchradilar va Sovet Qizil Armiyasi bilan qo'shilgan Titoning partizan kuchlarining oldinga siljishi, Ustashening Avstriya tomon ommaviy chekinishiga sabab bo'ldi. Biroq Britaniya armiyasi ularni kiritishni rad etdi va Bleyburgdagi repatriatsiyalarni boshlab, ularni Parizan kuchlariga topshirdi. Garchi NDH (1941-1945) Xorvatiya tarixining bir qismi bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, Xorvatiyaning amaldagi Konstitutsiyasi mustaqil Xorvatiya davlatini hozirgi Xorvatiya respublikasining tarixiy yoki qonuniy salafiy davlati sifatida rasman tan olmaydi.
Ikkinchi Jahon urushining oxiri 1946 yil Konstitutsiyasi bilan Xorvatiya Xalq Respublikasi va Bosniya va Gertsegovina Xalq Respublikasini rasmiy ravishda 1946 yilgi Konstitutsiyasi bilan Yugoslaviya Demokratik Respublikasining tashkil topishiga olib keldi. yangi davlatning tarkibiga kiruvchi oltita respublika. Kommunistik Yugoslaviya Titoning "umrbod prezident" ga aylanishi bilan shakllandi. Tito har qanday ayirmachilik kayfiyatini bostirish uchun siyosiy repressiya va maxfiy politsiya yordamida kuchli qo'l bilan hukmronlik qildi, yangi mamlakatning rasmiy shiori "Birodarlik va ittifoq" edi. 1948 yilda SSSR bilan siyosiy aloqalarni uzgan holda, Yugoslaviya Varshava shartnomasiga kirmaganligi sababli, u Evropaning eng ochiq sotsialistik mamlakati edi va uning fuqarolari qolgan fuqarolarga nisbatan ko'proq erkinliklarga va yuqori turmush darajasiga ega edilar. kommunistik blok.
1980 yilda Tito vafot etganidan so'ng, siyosiy repressiyalarning zaiflashishi siyosiy beqarorlik davriga olib keldi. Sharqiy Evropada kommunizm qulashi arafasida millatchilik kayfiyatining ko'tarilishi, o'n yillik tanazzul va hokimiyatdagi kommunistik hokimiyatning zaiflashuvi bilan yuzma-yuz bo'lib, deyarli 45 yil ichida Yugoslaviyada birinchi erkin saylovlar bo'lib o'tdi. 1990 yil yanvar oyida Kommunistik partiya milliy yo'nalishlar bo'yicha parchalanib ketdi, Xorvatiya va Sloveniya delegatsiyalari bo'shashgan federatsiyani talab qildilar, Slobodan Milosevich boshchiligidagi Serbiya tomoni esa bu millatlararo ziddiyatning ko'tarilishiga olib keldi. 1990 yil aprel oyi oxiri va may oyi boshlarida Xorvatiyada birinchi partiyaviy saylovlar bo'lib o'tdi, Franjo Tudman g'alaba qozondi va 1990 yildagi konstitutsiyaviy o'zgarishlar Xorvatiya Sotsialistik Respublikasini Xorvatiya Respublikasiga aylantirdi. Xorvatiyadagi millatchi serblar Xorvatiya Saborini boykot qildilar va serblar yashaydigan hududni nazoratini qo'lga oldilar, yo'l bloklarini o'rnatdilar va bu hududlarning avtonom bo'lishiga ovoz berdilar. Serblarning "avtonom viloyatlari" tez orada Xorvatiyadan mustaqillikka erishishga intilishni boshlaganlar. Bu Xorvatiyada va keyinchalik Bosniya va Gertsegovinada ochiq urushga olib keldi va 1991 yil o'rtalariga kelib Xorvatiyaning mustaqillik urushi boshlandi.
Xorvatiya birinchi marta mustaqil davlat sifatida 1991 yil 26 iyunda Xorvatiya bilan bir kunda o'z mustaqilligini e'lon qilgan Sloveniya tomonidan tan olingan. Ammo 29 iyunga qadar Xorvatiya va Sloveniya hukumati keskinlikni yumshatish maqsadida mustaqillik deklaratsiyasiga uch oylik moratoriyni qabul qilishga rozi bo'lishdi. 1991 yil 8 oktyabrda Xorvatiya parlamenti Yugoslaviyadan mustaqilligini e'lon qilgan qolgan barcha aloqalarni uzdi. Xorvatiyaning serblar nazorati ostidagi hududlari keyinchalik "Serbiya Krajina Respublikasi" nomi bilan tanilgan uchta "serb avtonom viloyatlari" tarkibiga kirgan, ularning asosiy qismi 1995 yilgacha Xorvatiya nazorati ostida bo'lmaydi.
Va nihoyat, Xorvatiya mustaqilligi xalqaro miqyosda 1992 yil yanvar oyida tan olingan, Evropa Iqtisodiy Hamjamiyati ham, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti ham Xorvatiyani diplomatik tan olishgan va bu mamlakat birozdan keyin Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga qabul qilingan. To'rt yil o'tib, urush 1995 yilda "Bo'ron" operatsiyasida Xorvatiyaning g'alabasi bilan yakunlandi. Xorvatiyaning bugungi chegaralari 1995 yil noyabrdagi Erdut kelishuviga binoan sharqiy Slavoniyaning Serblar tomonidan saqlanib qolgan qolgan hududlari Xorvatiyaga tiklangach o'rnatildi. Jarayon 1998 yil yanvarda tugagan. "Bo'ron" operatsiyasining yilligi Xorvatiyada minnatdorchilik kuni sifatida nishonlanadi. har 5-avgust.
1990-yillarning oxiri va 2000-yillardagi jadal iqtisodiy o'sish davridan so'ng Xorvatiya 2009-yilda NATOga, 2013-yilda Evropa Ittifoqi tarkibiga kirdi. Xorvatiya bugungi kunda erkin bozor tizimi va mustahkam ijtimoiy davlatga ega bo'lgan liberal demokratiya hisoblanadi.
Bayramlar
- 1 yanvar: Yangi yil kuni
- 6 yanvar: Epifaniya
- Pasxa (Gregorian kalendariga ko'ra)
- Korpus Kristi (Pasxadan 60 kun o'tgach)
- 1 may: Xalqaro ishchilar kuni
- 22 iyun: Fashizmga qarshi kurash kuni
- 25 iyun: Davlatchilik kuni
- 5 avgust: G'alaba va Vatanga minnatdorchilik kuni va Xorvatiya himoyachilari kuni
- 15 avgust: Maryamni taxmin qilish
- 8 oktyabr: Mustaqillik kuni
- 25 dekabr: Rojdestvo
Gapir
- Shuningdek qarang: Xorvatcha so'zlashuv kitobi
Asosiy til Xorvat, shunga o'xshash slavyan tili Serb va Bosniya.
Ko'pgina xorvatlar ingliz tilida bir darajaga qadar gapira oladilar, ammo Nemis va Italyancha ham juda mashhur (asosan nemis va italiyalik sayyohlarning katta yillik oqimlari sababli). Qariyalar ingliz tilida kamdan-kam gaplashadi, garchi ular nemis yoki italyan tillarida suhbatlashishlari mumkin bo'lsa ham. Agar bilsangiz Polsha yoki Chex unda bu tillarning xorvat tiliga o'xshashliklari bor. Ba'zi odamlar ham gapirishlari mumkin Frantsuz yoki Ruscha. Ko'pchilik keksa odamlar rus tilida gaplasha oladilar, chunki bu kommunizm davrida maktablarda majburiy ikkinchi til edi, ammo bu asosan yosh avlodlar orasida ingliz tili bilan almashtirildi.
Chiqinglar
Kirish talablari
Xorvatiya buni amalga oshirishga sodiqdir Shengen shartnomasi hali buni qilmagan bo'lsa-da. Evropa Ittifoqi (Evropa Ittifoqi) yoki Evropa erkin savdo zonasi (EFTA) fuqarolari uchun (ya'ni. Islandiya, Lixtenshteyn, Norvegiya va Shveytsariya), rasmiy ravishda tasdiqlangan shaxsiy guvohnoma (yoki pasport) kirish uchun etarli. Boshqa millat vakillari odatda kirish uchun pasport talab qilishadi.
Xorvatiyadan / boshqa mamlakatga (Shengen yoki yo'q) sayohat odatiy immigratsiya tekshiruvlarini olib keladi, garchi boshqa Evropa Ittifoqi mamlakatiga borishda / kelganida bojxona tekshiruvlari bekor qilinadi.
O'zingizning sayohat agentligingiz yoki Xorvatiyaning mahalliy elchixonasi yoki konsulligidan so'rang.
Vizadan ozod qilinmagan har qanday shaxs viza olish uchun Xorvatiya elchixonasi yoki konsulligida oldindan murojaat qilishi kerak. Qisqa muddatli Xorvatiya vizasi uchun ariza narxi €35. Shu bilan birga, ko'p martalik Shengen vizalari egalari o'zlarining Schengen vizalarini Xorvatiyaga kirishlari uchun, agar ular qolish muddati davomida amal qilishlari mumkin bo'lsa.
Viza imtiyozlari va viza olish tartibi to'g'risida ko'proq ma'lumot Xorvatiya Tashqi va Evropa ishlari vazirligining veb-saytida mavjud [1].
Samolyotda
Xorvatiyaning Zagreb, Osijek, Pula, Riyeka, Zadar, Split va Dubrovnik shaharlarida xalqaro aeroportlari mavjud.
- Zagreb (ZAG IATA) poytaxt uchun markaz hisoblanadi Xorvatiya havo yo'llari, Evropaning boshqa yirik shaharlariga, shuningdek, Istanbul, Tel-Aviv, Dubay va Dohaga an'anaviy aviatashuvchi reyslar bilan. Osiek, Pula, Zadar, Split va Dubrovnikga ichki reyslar mavjud.
- Osiek (OSI IATA) mamlakat sharqida Köln, Zagreb va Dubrovnikga reyslar bor va bu hammasi haqida. Ilgari u erda yaqin Serbiyaga boradigan sayohatchilarga byudjet reyslari mavjud edi, ammo hozirgi kunda ular Belgradga uchib ketishlari mumkin, shuning uchun bu trafik susaygan.
- Pula (PUY IATA), Rijeka (RJK IATA), Zadar (ZAD IATA), Split (SPU IATA) va Dubrovnik (DBV IATA) asosan Evropa bo'ylab ko'plab mavsumiy parvozlar bilan sayyohlik savdosiga xizmat qiladi. Zagrebga kunlik parvoz amalga oshirilgandan so'ng, ular qishda ancha tinch. Shaxsiy sahifalarga qarang "Kiring".
Shunday qilib, Evropaga yaxshi xizmat ko'rsatiladi, ammo Shimoliy Amerikadan siz London yoki Frankfurt kabi markazda o'zgarishingiz kerak.
Qo'shni mamlakatlardagi aeroportlar ba'zan yaxshiroq imkoniyatdir. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi Lyublyana, Graz, Triest va Venetsiya Marko Polo.
Aksincha, Dubrovnik ba'zan Chernogoriya uchun aeroport sifatida ishlatiladi, ammo hozirgi kunda Tivatga reyslar kengayib bormoqda.
Poyezdda
Yo'lchilarning temir yo'l tarmog'i Xrvatske Chejeznice (HŽ) Putnički Prijevoz (PP). Ular Xorvatiyaning barcha yirik shaharlarini birlashtiradi, bundan mustasno Dubrovnik (siz Splitga poezdda borishingiz mumkin, keyin tez-tez uchib turadigan avtobuslardan biri yoki yanada chiroyli parom bilan Dubrovnikka borishingiz mumkin, temir yo'l stantsiyasi iskala oldida). Dan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri chiziqlar mavjud Avstriya, Chex Respublikasi, Shveytsariya, Germaniya, Vengriya (muhojirlar inqirozi sababli to'xtatilgan), Sloveniya, Italiya, Bosniya va Gertsegovina va Serbiya. Deyarli barcha boshqa Evropa mamlakatlaridan bilvosita chiziqlar mavjud.
Qo'shni davlatlardan EuroCity, InterCity va EuroNight temir yo'l xizmatlari mavjud:
- EC "Mimara": Frankfurt - Myunxen - Zaltsburg - Lyublyana - Zagreb
- "Xorvatiya" IC: Vena - Maribor - Zagreb, shuningdek, EuroNight poezdida
- EN 414: Tsyurix - Zagreb - Beograd (Internet orqali SBB yoki boshqa temir yo'l agentligi orqali telefon orqali bron qilish mumkin)
- "Adria" IC: Budapesht - Zagreb - Split (muhojirlar inqirozi tufayli to'xtatilgan, Split-ga faqat yozda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanish)
Germaniya temir yo'llari (Deutsche Bahn) a Evropa maxsus / Xorvatiya, ular qaerda sotiladi Myunxen-Zagreb €39.
Xorvatiya ba'zi birlari bilan qoplangan bo'lsa-da Eurail paslari, ichki chiptalar oynalari xodimlari foydalanishning birinchi kunida pasportni tasdiqlash to'g'risida tasavvurga ega emaslar. Xodimlarning dirijyor dovoni tasdiqlaydi, deb aytganliklari va dirijyor bunga oddiy chiptalar sifatida qaraganliklari qayd etilgan. Yaxshiyamki, xalqaro chiptalar xodimlari (xususan, Zagrebda) passni qanday tasdiqlashni bilishadi va kerak bo'lganda uni orqaga qaytarib tasdiqlashlari ma'lum bo'lgan. Ular hatto noto'g'ri ma'lumot bergan mahalliy chipta sotuvchisi tafsilotlarini so'rashadi.
Shuning uchun sayohatchiga Xorvatiyaga etib borishda o'zlarining Eurail yo'llanmalarini tasdiqlashlari yoki hatto xalqaro sayohat oynasida birinchi safari ichki bo'lsa ham tasdiqlashlari tavsiya etiladi.
Mashinada
Xorvatiyaga kirish uchun haydovchilik guvohnomasi, avtomobilni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish kartasi va transport vositasini sug'urtalash hujjatlari talab qilinadi. Agar sizga yo'l yordami kerak bo'lsa, siz 1987 raqamini terishingiz kerak. Quyidagi tezliklarga ruxsat beriladi:
- 50 km / soat - qurilgan hududlar ichida
- 90 km / soat - qurilgan hududlardan tashqarida
- 110 km / soat - asosiy avtoulov marshrutlarida
- 130 km / soat - avtomobil yo'llarida
- 80 km / soat - karvon tirkamasi bo'lgan avtotransport vositalari uchun
- 80 km / soat - avtobuslar va engil tirkamali avtobuslar uchun
Yomg'irda haydashda siz tezlikni nam yo'llardagi sharoitga moslashtirishingiz kerak. Faralar bilan haydash kun davomida majburiy emas (yozgi tejamkorlik vaqtida; qish oylarida majburiy). Haydash paytida mobil telefonlardan foydalanishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. Alkogolning qonda ruxsat etilgan maksimal miqdori 0,05% ni tashkil etadi (qo'shni Sloveniya va Bosniya-Gertsegovinaga to'g'ri keladi), ammo bu o'zgarib turdi va mamlakatda mavjud emasligi aniqlanmaguncha 0% gacha tushdi. Xavfsizlik kamarlaridan foydalanish majburiydir.
Xrvatski avtoklubi haydovchilarga yordam berish va transport xavfsizligini ta'minlashga bag'ishlangan Xorvatiya avtomobil klubi. Uning sayti Xorvatiyaning bir necha daqiqali yangilanishlari, milliy trafik holati, ob-havo, ko'plab xaritalar va veb-kameralarni taqdim etadi. Tarkib xorvat, ingliz, nemis va italyan tillarida mavjud.
Avtobusda
Siz mamlakatda bo'lganingizdan so'ng, Xorvatiya ishonchli va arzon avtobus tarmog'iga ega.
Agar siz kelgan bo'lsangiz Italiya har kuni ikki avtobus bor Venetsiya 11:00 va 13:45 da Istriyaga jo'nab ketaman, oxirgi to'xtash joyi bilan Pula. Bular turli xil avtobus kompaniyalari tomonidan boshqariladi, ammo siz har ikkala avtobus uchun chiptalarni Venetsiya avtovokzalidagi ATVO avtobus ofisidan sotib olishingiz mumkin. Ofis avtobus bekatida, lekin tashqarida, barcha avtobuslar to'xtab turgan joyning qarshisida joylashgan. Ikkala avtobus ham b15 nuqtadan olib ketishadi. Taxminan 5 soatlik avtobus safari, to'xtash joylari Triest va Rovinj. Shuningdek, avtobusni Venetsiyadan rejalashtirilgan avtobusdan 15 minut o'tgach, Mestredagi avtovokzalda olib ketishingiz mumkin. Trieste shahridan kelgan Italiya evropaliklar orasida mashhur, chunki Trieste Ryanair yo'nalishi. Tomonidan boshqariladigan Triestedan Xorvatiya shaharlarigacha bir necha kunlik avtobus yo'nalishlari mavjud Arriva Xorvatiya avtobus kompaniyasi. Siz avval Italiya-Sloveniya chegarasini, so'ngra Sloveniya-Xorvatiya chegarasini kesib o'tasiz, lekin ular bir-biriga juda yaqin.
Dubrovnik va Split dan kelgan xalqaro avtobuslarning asosiy yo'nalishlari Bosniya va Gersegovina yoki Chernogoriyakabi shaharlarga sayohat qiladigan kundalik avtobuslar bilan Sarayevo, Mostar va Kotor (Split-Mostar kabi ba'zi qatorlar bir necha soatda ishlaydi). Mavsumiy chiziqlar ham orqali uzatiladi Skopye Dubrovnikdan. Avtobuslardagi chegara rasmiyatchiligi o'ta samarali va avtobusdan chiqishni o'z ichiga olmaydi (Dubrovnikdan Kotorgacha bo'lgan xizmatlar Xorvatiya chegarasida avtobuslarni almashtirish bilan bog'liq edi).
Osijek xalqaro sayohat uchun katta avtobus markazidir Vengriya, Serbiya va Bosniya mahalliy avtobuslarga qo'shimcha ravishda va stantsiya temir yo'l stantsiyasi yonida qulay joylashgan. Ko'plab avtobuslar Zagrebdan shimolga Vengriya yoki Avstriya orqali o'tadi Varajdin.
- Kimdan Germaniya bilan Xorvatiyaning katta shaharlariga sayohat qilishingiz mumkin Arriva Xorvatiya va azmatranslar [2].
Qayiqda
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Feribotlar arzon va muntazam ravishda qirg'oq bo'ylab turli joylar o'rtasida harakatlanadi. Eng tezkor bo'lmasa-da, ular Adriatik dengizining go'zal Xorvatiya orollarini ko'rishning eng yaxshi usuli.
Jadrolinija eng ko'p xalqaro va mahalliy parom va yuk tashish yo'nalishlarini ta'minlaydigan asosiy Xorvatiya yo'lovchi tashish liniyasidir. Quyidagi xalqaro yo'nalishlarga avtomobil paromlari xizmat ko'rsatadi:
- Rijeka - Zadar - Split - Xvar - Korchula -Dubrovnik - Bari
- Split - Ancona - Split
- Korchula - Xvar - Split - Ancona
- Zadar - Ancona - Zadar
- Zadar - Dugi otok - Ancona
- Dubrovnik - Bari - Dubrovnik
Blue Line International Split - Ancona - Split xalqaro yo'nalishini ham qamrab oladi
Venesiya chiziqlari o'rtasida muntazam katamaran chiziqlari mavjud Venetsiya va Xorvatiya shaharlari Porec, Pula, Rovinj va Rabak.
Atrofga boring
Samolyotda
Milliy aviakompaniya Xorvatiya havo yo'llari Xorvatiyaning yirik shaharlarini bir-biri va xorijiy yo'nalishlarga bog'laydi. Nisbatan qisqa masofalar va havo qatnovining nisbatan katta qiyinchiliklari tufayli - ayniqsa, yuk bilan sayohat qilganingizda - ichki havo qatnovi asosan so'nggi nuqtalarga etib borish uchun ishlatiladi - masalan, Zagrebdan Dubrovnikgacha (xaritaga qarang) va aksincha.
Yana bir mashhur parvoz (faqat yoz oylarida amalga oshiriladi) Split va Osiek o'rtasida bo'lib, Xorvatiya orqali yoki Bosniyaning o'rtasi orqali uzoq safarni tejashga imkon beradi.
Poyezdda
Xorvatiyada poezdlar safari albatta yaxshilanmoqda, bu mablag 'eskirgan infratuzilma va transport vositalarini yangilashga sarflanadi. Poyezdlar toza va asosan o'z vaqtida.
Xorvatiyaning temir yo'l tarmog'i Xorvatiyaning barcha yirik shaharlarini birlashtiradi, bundan mustasno Dubrovnik. Agar siz Dubrovnikka tashrif buyurmoqchi bo'lsangiz, poezdda sayohat qilishingiz kerak bo'ladi Split, keyin esa Dubrovnikka avtobusga boring. Poyezdlar Pula aslida orqali ulangan Sloveniya tarixiy avariya tufayli, belgilangan avtobuslar mavjud bo'lsa-da Rijeka.
Temir yo'l ichki va qirg'oq o'rtasidagi eng arzon aloqa hisoblanadi, garchi u tez-tez uchrab turmasa ham. Zagrebni Split va Xorvatiyaning Riyeka va boshqa yirik shaharlari bilan bog'laydigan 160 km / soatlik "burilish poezdlari" Osiek shaharlar o'rtasida ko'proq qulaylik va tezkor sayohatlarni ta'minlang (Zagreb-Split - 5,5 soat, Osijek - 3, boshqa poezdlar 4,5 soat atrofida harakat qilganda). Agar siz oldindan buyurtma bersangiz, siz katta miqdordagi chegirmaga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin yoki siz ISIC kartasi egasi bo'lsangiz.
Poezdlar uchun ma'lumotni Hrvatske jeljeznice-da topishingiz mumkin - Xorvatiya temir yo'llari sayt xorvat va ingliz tillarida jadval va narxlarga ega.
Chiptalar odatda bortda sotilmaydi, agar siz tasodifan bir nechta stantsiyalardan birida / bekatlarning birida chiptani sotmasdan turib tushsangiz. Biroq, bunday stantsiyalarda faqat mahalliy poezdlar to'xtaydi. Boshqa barcha holatlarda, poezdda sotib olingan chipta poyezddan tashqarida sotib olingan narxdan ancha qimmatga tushadi.
Avtobusda
Juda keng qamrovli murabbiylar tarmog'i mamlakatning barcha hududlarini birlashtiradi. Katta shaharlar (shaharlararo yo'nalishlar) o'rtasida avtobus qatnovi, mintaqaviy xizmatlar kabi. Xorvatiyada eng tez-tez uchraydigan avtovokzal Zagreb avtovokzali (xorvat tilida "Autobusni kolodvor Zagreb"). Avtobuslar shaharlararo sayohat uchun poezdlarga qaraganda tezroq. Qarang Sobiq Yugoslaviyada avtobusda sayohat qilish qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.
- Autobusni kolodvor Zagreb - Zagreb avtovokzali, jadval haqida ma'lumot, tarkib xorvat tilida, ingliz tilida
- Xorvatiya avtobusi - avtobus kompaniyasi - jadval bo'yicha ma'lumotlar, narxlar, tarkib xorvat va ingliz tillarida.
- Arriva Xorvatiya - avtobus kompaniyasi - jadval bo'yicha ma'lumotlar, narxlar, tarkib xorvat, ingliz, nemis va italyan tillarida.
- Autobusni promet Varajdin - avtobus kompaniyasi - jadval bo'yicha ma'lumotlar, narxlar, tarkib xorvat, ingliz va nemis tillarida.
- Libertas Dubrovnik - xalqaro va mahalliy ma'lumotlarga ega bo'lgan Dubrovnikdagi avtovokzal va kompaniya ma'lumotlari. Tarkib asosan xorvat tilida.
Qayiqda
Xorvatiya yuzlab orollarga kirish uchun parom bilan eng yaxshi o'rganiladigan go'zal qirg'oq chizig'iga ega.
Ko'pgina hollarda, orollarga parom yoki katamaran orqali borish mumkin. Agar siz foydalanishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ushbu veb-saytlarni tekshirishingiz kerak, chunki ular parom va katamaran haqida doimiy ma'lumotga ega.
- Jadrolinija [3] - Jadrolinija - Xorvatiya milliy parom kompaniyasi, shuningdek yirik shaharlardan orollarga harakatlanadigan marshrutlar, Adriatik qirg'og'i bo'ylab Rijekadan Dubrovnikgacha (keyin Italiyaning Bari tomoniga) Split, Xvar, Mljet yo'nalishlarida parom bilan harakatlanadi. va Korchula. Jadvallarni tekshiring [4] chunki jadvallar mavsumiydir. Qayiqlar katta va uxlash uchun jihozlarga ega, chunki Rijeka-Split oyog'i bir kechada ketadi.
- SNAV - Splitni Ancona va Pescara bilan bog'laydigan italiyalik kompaniya. Jadvallarni tekshiring [5] chunki jadvallar mavsumiydir.
- Split taksi kemasi, Split Taun yoki Split aeroportidan yaqin atrofdagi orollarga tezyurar taksilar qayiqlari.
- Azzura chiziqlari, bu Dubrovnikni Bari Check jadvallari bilan bog'laydigan italiyalik operator [6] chunki jadvallar mavsumiydir.
- Split Hvar taksi qayig'i 24 soat davomida ishlaydigan va sizni xohlagan joyingizga olib boradigan taksi qayiq xizmati.
Yoz oylaridan tashqarida uzoqroq orollarga bir kunlik sayohat qilish qiyin yoki imkonsiz. Buning sababi shundaki, paromlar jadvallari orollarda yashovchi va materikka sayohat qiladigan yo'lovchilarga mos keladi, aksincha emas.
Qo'shimcha buyurtma berish uchun Adriatik sohilidagi deyarli barcha muhim portlarda tom ma'noda o'nlab yaxtalar charterlari va boshqa qayiqni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar mavjud.
Mashinada
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Xorvatiyada yo'llar odatda yaxshi ta'mirlanadi, lekin juda tor va egri chiziqlarga to'la bo'lishi mumkin. Istria shahridagi ba'zi mahalliy yo'llar muntazam ravishda eskirganligi sababli silliq yuzaga ko'tarilib ketgan va ho'l bo'lganda juda silliq bo'lishi mumkin. Bir yo'nalish bo'yicha bir nechta yo'lga ega bo'lgan avtomagistrallar (avtoyo'llar) yirik shaharlarni bir-biriga bog'lab turadi va hatto Plitvitsaga boradigan uzoqroq yo'nalishlarda ham chiqib ketishi mumkin. Shu sababli avtomobil yo'llaridan tashqaridagi tezlik chegaralari past (60-90 km / soat) va tezroq haydash tavsiya etilmaydi (aksariyat mahalliy aholi), ayniqsa kechasi. Yo'lni kesib o'tadigan hayvonlardan ehtiyot bo'ling.
Agar siz tor yo'lda sekin harakatlanayotgan transport vositasini bosib o'tmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ko'pincha sizning oldingizdagi haydovchilar o'ng sariq burilish chiroqlarini yondirib, orqada turgan haydovchilarni bosib o'tishning yaxshi ekanligiga ishora qilib, o'ng tomonga haydashadi. Ammo bu sizning o'zingizga bog'liq.
Avtoulovni ijaraga olish Evropa Ittifoqi narxiga teng (atrofdan) €40). Deyarli barcha avtomobillarda mexanik uzatmalar qutisi mavjud. Bolqon yarim orolidagi ijaraga beruvchi agentliklarning aksariyati bir mamlakatda mashina ijaraga olishga va qo'shni mamlakatlarda haydashga imkon beradi, ammo millatchilarning salbiy e'tiboridan qochish uchun Serbiyada mashinani ijaraga olishdan va uni Xorvatiyaga haydashdan qochishga harakat qilishadi.
Xorvatiya avtomobil yo'llarida [7] to'lovlar uchun to'lovlar olinadi (va ular kuna yoki evroda to'lanishi mumkin). A6 avtomagistrali Zagreb va Rijeka, va asosiy avtomagistral A1 dan Zagreb ga Dubrovnik hali ham qurilmoqda (hozirgi tugash nuqtasi Dubrovnikdan 70 km uzoqlikda joylashgan Vrgoracda). Dubrovnik, shu jumladan janubiy Dalmatiyaga etib borish uchun Bosniya va Gertsegovinaning qisqa qismini kesib o'tishingiz kerak (Neum chizig'i), shuning uchun Bosniyaga kirish uchun viza yoki boshqa maxsus talablarga ehtiyoj borligini tekshiring (Evropa Ittifoqi va AQSh fuqarolariga viza kerak emas) . Peljatsak yarim oroliga ko'prik qurilmoqda va tez orada Bosniya va Gertsegovinadan o'tmasdan Dubrovnikka borishga imkon beradi.
Sloveniya chegarasini (Zagrebdan unchalik uzoq bo'lmagan) sharqiy Xorvatiya va Serbiya chegarasi (Belgraddan 120 km) bilan bog'laydigan A3 boshqa yirik avtomobil yo'lidir. Avtomobil yo'llarida tezlikning umumiy chegarasi 130 km / soat (81 milya). Ehtimol siz tezroq harakatlanadigan mashinalarni uchratasiz, ammo ularning namunalariga ergashish juda xavfli. Chapga (o'tib ketuvchi) qatorga kirishdan oldin ko'zgularingizni tekshiring, mashinalar ortidan G'arbiy Evropaning odatdagi avtomobil yo'llariga qaraganda yuqori tezlikda yaqinlashishi mumkin.
Pullik avtomagistraldan chiqayotganda, kvitansiyani sizga berilmaganligini so'rang, agar u ortiqcha to'lov olmasangiz (siz og'zaki ravishda berilgan narx bilan solishtirganda kutilmagan o'zgarishlarni olishingiz mumkin).
Agar noma'lum kimsa sizga chiroqlarini yondirib qo'ysa, bu ularning tezlikda politsiya bo'linmasidan o'tib, tezlikni tekshirishni amalga oshirganligining belgisi bo'lishi mumkin. To'xtab qolmaslik va jarimaga tortilmaslik uchun barcha yo'l harakati qoidalari va qoidalariga rioya qilishingizga ishonch hosil qiling.
Yozda Xorvatiyaning qirg'oq bo'yidagi eski shaharlari yaqinida to'xtash joyini topishga urinish befoyda mashq bo'lishi mumkin. Garchi narxlar shunchaki qimmat 7 kn dan o'zgarib tursa ham Split soatiga 30 kn dan tovlamachiga Dubrovnik, bo'shliqlar juda tez to'ldiriladi. Biroq, eski shaharlardan uzoqda, avtoulov to'xtash joylari xarid qilish markazlari va yirik supermarketlarda, sport maydonchalarida, turar-joy minoralari yonida va restoranlarda (mehmonlar uchun bepul) qulay va ko'pincha bepul.
Avtomobil yo'llari va chegara o'tish punktlari sayyohlik mavsumi davomida yuqori trafikli dam olish kunlarida tirbandlikka duch kelishi mumkin.
Taksida
Siz 970 raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qilish orqali taksi xizmatidan foydalanishingiz mumkin, yoki ba'zida xususiy kompaniya uchun boshqa raqam - shaxsiy shahar maqolalarini tekshiring. Taksi odatda qo'ng'iroqdan 10-15 daqiqa ichida keladi, yozning gavjum mavsumi bundan mustasno, bu ularning ishbilarmonlik darajasiga bog'liq. Xorvatiya taksilari odatda ancha arzon. Katta shaharlarda narxlar taxminan 1 € / km ni tashkil qiladi, Splitda ko'proq, ammo Zagrebda kamroq. Uber va boshqa rideshare xizmatlari mavjud, ammo keskin ko'tarilishlar bundan mustasno.
Shuningdek, siz transportni oldindan buyurtma qilishingiz mumkin, bu shoshilayotganda yoki transportga muhtoj odamlarning ko'pi bo'lganda juda yaxshi bo'ladi, yoki siz hamma narsani oldindan tashkil qilishni xohlaysiz.
Bundan tashqari, yanada qulayroq bo'lish va pulni tejash uchun oldindan elektron pochta orqali taksi xizmatini tashkil qilishingiz mumkin, chunki bu taksi operatorlari odatdagidan arzonroq. taksi xizmati.
Xorvatiyada minib chiqish mumkin va quyidagilar eng kutilgan provayderlardir:
Bosh barmog'i bilan
Avtostop odatda yaxshi. Agar siz avtomagistralda pullik to'xtash joyiga etib borishingiz mumkin bo'lsa, shunchaki odamlardan o'zlari bilan birga olib borishlarini so'rang, chunki ular to'lovni to'lash uchun derazalarini ochishmoqda. Odatda pullik yig'uvchilar bunga qarshi emas. Albatta, hiyla-nayrang, pullik to'xtash joyiga etib borishdir. Agar siz kirsangiz Zagreb va siz, aksariyat odamlar singari, janub tomon ketayotgansiz, Zagrebning Savski eng stantsiyasidan 111-avtobusga o'tirasiz va avtobus haydovchisidan pulni to'xtash joyiga etib borish uchun qaerga tushishingizni so'rayapsiz. Odamlardan sizni olib ketishni so'rash uchun eng yaxshi joy bu yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari. Va nihoyat, qadimgi bosh barmog'idan foydalanish ham hamma narsa bajarilmasa, ishlaydi. Ba'zi yo'llarda avtostop haydashga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. Siz avtostop bilan chiqa olmaydigan yo'llar odatda "avtostop" ("avtostop" - xorvatcha "avtostop") so'zi tushirilgan belgi bilan belgilanadi.
Qarang
Xorvatiya taassurot qoldiradigan tarixga ega, bu haqiqatni tashrif buyurishga arziydigan ko'plab saytlar orqali tushuntirish mumkin. Shaharlarning aksariyati o'ziga xos me'morchiligi bilan tarixiy markazga ega. Sohil va kontinental qism o'rtasida farqlar mavjud, shuning uchun ikkala maydon ham majburiydir. Ehtimol, eng mashhur shahar Dubrovnik, qirg'oq me'morchiligining eng yaxshi namunasi, ammo hech qachon tashrif buyurishga arziydigan yagona narsa emas. Poytaxt va eng katta shahar bir xil ahamiyatga ega, Zagreb, taxminan 1 million aholi bilan. Bu barcha zamonaviy xususiyatlarga ega zamonaviy shahar, ammo o'zini xotirjam his qiladi. Sharqda, mintaqasida Slavoniya mintaqaviy poytaxti bilan Osiek va urush yirtildi Vukovar hayratlanarli. Mintaqa bo'ylab uzumzorlar va sharob omborlari tarqalib ketgan, ularning aksariyati ekskursiya va ta'mga ega.
Mamlakat bo'ylab ko'rishga arziydigan ko'plab madaniy joylar mavjud. Xorvatiyada 7 bor YuNESKO qo'riqlanadigan joylar, 8 ta milliy bog'lar va 10 ta tabiat bog'lari. Hammasi bo'lib mamlakatda 444 qo'riqlanadigan tabiiy hudud mavjud. Chiroyli Adriatik dengizi qirg'oq bo'ylab 1,777 km (1,104 milya) bo'ylab cho'zilgan, Xorvatiyani dengizning jozibali joyiga aylantiradigan 1246 orol bor.
Qil
Sailing
Sailing is a good way to see the coastal islands and networks of small archipelagos, and it gives you a chance to see some incredible bays that are simply inaccessible by anything other than a boat. Most charters leave from Split or the surrounding area on the North or the South circuit, each offering its own pros and cons, although Dubrovnik is becoming increasingly popular. A good way is to book a package with a company at home (and let them worry about speaking in Croatian!), although many Croatian companies do offer both bareboat and crewed charters.
Booking a charter vessel is basically done in two payments - 50 percent of the charter price is paid as a deposit, after which the booking is confirmed. The other 50 percent of the charter fee is usually paid six weeks before the charter date. Before paying the first charter fee you should request to see the charter contract from the agency where you chartered a boat - pay close attention to the cancellation fees because many times if you cancel your charter vacation you could lose the initial fifty percent you have already paid. After that you are all set to go sailing.
Most yachts are only available on a Saturday - Saturday basis in peak season (May - September) but there may be more flexibility from yacht companies in April and October if you can't do the full week. When you arrive at the 'home marina' (where your chartered yacht is situated), you need to do the check in (usually Saturday around 16:00) and you have to do the shopping for the charter vacation - there is usually a mini-market in the marina, but it will be expensive compared to a normal supermarket. Typically you will be nearest a big supermarket on the first day, so it's the best time to stock up. Buy everything that you possibly can (that won't go off) - the sea and winds can unpredictable and you don't want to get stuck on the boat without anything to eat or drink! Top up your shopping with fresh bread, meat, fruit and vegetables in local marinas.
You can also order from yacht provisioning services who can deliver your shopping straight to your yacht. This is convenient because it takes the load off you and the things you must do when you arrive at the marina for your sailing holiday, but also (obviously) works out more expensive.
Naturist resorts
Croatia was the first country in Europe to introduce the concept of commercial naturist resorts. According to some estimates about 15% of all tourists that visit the country are naturists or nudists (more than one million each year). There are more than 20 official naturist resorts as well as a very large number of the so-called free beaches which are unofficial naturist beaches, sometimes controlled and maintained by local tourist authorities. In fact, you are likely to find nudists on any beach outside of town centres. Naturist beaches in Croatia are marked as "FKK".
The most popular nudist destinations are Pula, Hvar and island Rab.
Tibbiy turizm
Increasingly Croatia is becoming a popular place for health tourism. A number of dental surgeries have experience in treating short term visitors to Croatia.Croatian dentists study for 5 years in Zagreb, Split or Rijeka. Harmonization of training with EU standards has begun, in preparation for Croatia's accession.
Croatia for the disabled
Facilities for the disabled are not as developed as elsewhere, but there are exceptions to this and certain hotels, camp sites and beaches have facilities for the disabled and wheelchair access.
Dengiz chiroqlari
One of Croatia's more "wild" holiday offers are the lighthouses. Most of them are situated on a deserted coastline or in the open sea. The speciality of this is that you are able to cut yourself off from the rest of the world and take the time to "smell the roses". Sometimes the best way to relax is to take part in a Robinson Crusoe style holiday.
Croatia has 11 rent-a-lighthouses along the Adriatic coast: Savudrija, Sv. Ivan, Rt Zub, Porer, Veli Rat, Prisnjak, Sv. Petar, Pločica, Sušac, Struga and Palagruža.
Sotib oling
Pul
Exchange rates for Croatian kuna 2020 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra:
Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com |
Croatia's official currency is the kuna, "belgisi bilan belgilanadikn"(ISO kodi: HRK). Although many tourist business owners may accept euros, they are not legal tender in Croatia. Any amount of kuna you have left at the end of your stay can be converted to euros at a local bank or exchange office.
Prices are around 10% to 20% lower than most other EU countries. Tourist destinations and articles are much more expensive.
ATMs
ATMs (in Croatian bankomat) are readily available throughout Croatia. They will accept various European bank cards, credit cards (Diners Club, Eurocard/MasterCard, Visa, American Express, etc.) and debit cards (Cirrus, Maestro, Visa electron, etc.) Read the labels and notices on the machine before using.
Tipping
Tipping is not particularly common, although it may occur in restaurants and bars. Prices are usually already adjusted upwards, and labour laws ensure a minimum wage for all workers, therefore tipping is usually not expected.
Taxi drivers and hairdressers are often given tips by rounding up the displayed price to the nearest multiple of 5 or 10 kn.
A unique practice of tipping exists among the pensioners who receive their pension via mail in rural settlements. They may leave any coinage to the postman who delivers it as a sign of appreciation.
Tax-free shopping
If you buy goods worth more than 740 kn you are entitled to a PDV (VAT) tax return when leaving the country. This applies to all goods except petroleum products. At point of purchase ask the sales person for a PDV-P form. Fill it out and have it stamped on the spot. On leaving Croatia the receipt will be verified by the Croatian Customs service. A PDV refund in kunas can be obtained within six months, either at the same shop where you bought the goods (in that case the tax will be refunded to you immediately), or by posting the verified receipt back to the shop, together with the account number into which the refund should be paid. In this case the refund is dealt with within 15 days of receipt of the claim. There is another, much easier way to receive the refund. Buy your goods in shops with a "Croatia Tax-free Shopping" label. This label is displayed on the shop's entrance, usually next to the labels of credit and debit cards this particular shop accepts. Using an international coupon, refund is possible in all countries-members of the Tax-free international chain. In this case the service charge is deducted from the tax refund amount.
Croatia now uses the Global Blue system. They will do the refund and take a commission. You can do this at the airport or post it once you get home.
Natural cosmetics
The ingredients used (herbs, olive oil, etc.) are grown in Croatia. In comparison to some world famous beauty products, Croatian natural cosmetics present real value for money.
Ulola makes soaps, bath salts, body butters and more. It's all natural and comes in combinations like orange and cinnamon, and goats milk and almond oil.
S-Atea produces soaps, shower gels, body butter and more. Seaweed, olive oil, rosemary and lavender are some of the ingredients they use.
Brac fini sapuni (Brac quality soaps) makes a wide range of natural soaps. Their bath line includes Aurum Croaticum made from virgin olive oil and thin leafs of 23 carat gold.
Croatian clothing designers
There are many Croatian designers and clothing specialists.
Etnobutik "Mara" (designs by Vesna Milković) offers a range of really unique clothing and accessories inscribed with "glagoljica" (glagolitic script; old Slavic alphabet). Some of her designs are protected as Authentic Croatian produce.
I-gle Fashion Studio by two female designers Nataša Mihaljčišin i Martina Vrdoljak-Ranilović. Their clothing is sold in Harvey Nichols in Knightsbridge (London).
Nebo ("Sky") is a fashion house that makes really nice, funky clothes and shoes.
Nit ("Thread") is definitely not widely known even among Croats but is definitely worth visiting as they have some "funky and arty but serious" clothing items that are "value for money".
Borovo is a well-priced and stylish shoe company which makes everything from flip-flops to desert boots and high heels.
Yemoq
- Shuningdek qarang: Balkan cuisines
Croatian cuisine is quite diverse so it is hard to say what meal is most typically Croatian. In the eastern continental regions (Slavonija and Baranja) spicy sausage such as kulen yoki kulenova seka is a must try. Čobanac ("shepherd's stew") is a mixture of several kinds of meat with a lot of red spicy paprika. In Hrvatsko Zagorje and Central Croatia pasta filled with cheese called štrukli is a famous delicacy (it is said that the best štrukli in Croatia is served in the Esplanade Hotel restaurant in Zagreb), as is purica s mlincima, which is baked turkey cooked in a special kind of pastry. Sir i vrhnje (sour cream with cottage cheese) can be bought fresh on the Zagreb main market Dolac. Croats love a bit of oil and you will find plenty of it in piroška. In the mountainous regions of Lika and Gorski Kotar meals containing mushrooms, wild berries and game meat are very popular. One of typical dishes in Lika is police (oven-baked potatoes covered with bacon) and several kinds of cheese (smoked cheese and škripavac).
The coastal region is well known for its truffle delicacies and soup maneštra od bobić (Istria), Dalmatian pršut va paški sir (Pag-island cheese). Dishes made of fresh fish and other products of the sea (calamari, octopus, crabs, scampi) shouldn't be given a miss! Many places serve fish delivered from the local fisherman the night before - find out which ones!
Croatian cuisine has yet to come up with a fast food representative. The market is dominated by globally ubiquitous hamburgers and pizzas but you will also find "burek" and "ćevapčići" imported from the Ottoman Empire, which stretched from the Middle East to neighboring Bosnia. The latter two dishes are widely popular throughout Southeastern Europe. Burek is a type of meat or cheese pastry whereas ćevapčići are seasoned minced meat shaped in finger-size portions served in bread and often covered with onions. Although definitely not a fast meal (takes several hours to prepare), also foreign in origin is the so-called sarma or sauerkraut rolls filled with minced meat and rice. For those coming back from nightclubs at 04:00 or 05:00 as is common in Croatia, it is popular to go to the local bakery and get fresh bread, burek or krafne (Croatian chocolate filled donuts) straight out of the oven. As far as fast food goes, who needs it when you can buy delicious prsut during the day and warm bread at night to compliment it. Most Croatians generally look down at fast food.
Desserts: What it lacks in the fast food department Croatia makes up with a myriad of desserts. Probably the most famous is its delicious creamy cake called kremšnite but different kinds of gibanica, štrudla va pita (similar to strudel and pie) such as orehnjača (walnut), makovnjača (poppy) or bučnica (pumpkin and cheese) are also highly recommended. Dubrovačka torta od skorupa is delicious but hard to find. Paprenjaci (pepper cookies) are said to reflect Croatia's tumultuous history because they combine the harshness of the war periods (pepper) with the natural beauties (honey). They can be bought in most souvenir shops though the freshly made ones are always a better choice. Rapska torta (The Rab island cake) is made with almonds and locally famous cherry liquor Maraschino. This is hardly an exhaustive list and to dive further into the regionalities of Croatian cuisine, one can read the city and region articles.
Chocolate candy Bajadera is available throughout shops in the country and along with Griotte, is one of the most famous products of the Croatian chocolate industry.
An unavoidable ingredient in many meals prepared in Croatia is "Vegeta". It is a spice produced by Podravka.
Olives: a lot of people claim that Croatian olives and their olive oil are the best in the world. Many brands exist and some of them have several world awards. Try to buy olive oil from Istra (although oil from Dalmatia is also excellent) and choose only Croatian brands for olives. Try to read the label before buying to ensure you are buying Croatian olives and oil, since there are many cheaper imports, usually from Greece. All of this can be found in most supermarkets, but you should be really aware of the imports. Most Croatians aren't experts and prefer cheaper products, so the cheaper oils dominate the shelves.
The olive oil is an irreplaceable ingredient in coastal Croatian cuisine, but be aware of the use of cheaper, non-Croatian oil in restaurants. Most tourists don't notice the difference so the restaurants don't find it profitable to use excellent oil; they rather use cheaper Spanish or Greek. Usually, asking the waiter for a better oil (and looking like an expert) helps, and soon the waiter will get you a first-class oil hidden away at the back of the restaurant.
Ichish
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Alcoholic: Rakija, a type of brandy which can be made of plum (šljivovica), grapes (loza), figs (smokovača), honey (medica) and many other types of fruit and aromatic herbs, is the main distilled beverage served in Croatia. Pelinkovac is a bitter herbal liquor popular in Central Croatia, but is said to resemble cough-medicine in flavor. Famous Maraschino, a liquer flavored with Marasca cherries, which are grown around Zadar, Dalmatia.
Croatia also produces a broad palette of high quality wines (up to 700 wines with protected geographic origin), beers and mineral water. On the coast people usually serve "bevanda" with meals. Bevanda is heavy, richly flavored red wine mixed with plain water. Its counterpart in northern parts of Croatia is "gemišt". This term designates dry, flavored white wines mixed with mineral water.
Two popular domestic beers are "Karlovačko" and "Ožujsko", but "Velebitsko" and "Tomislav pivo" have a semi-cult status. It is served only in some places in Zagreb and Croatia. Many well-known European brands (Stella Artois, Beck's, Carling, Heineken and others) are made under license in Croatia.
Non-alcoholic: Mineral water, fruit juices, coffee (espresso, Turkish or instant), tea, Cedevita (instant multivitamin drink), and drinkable yogurt. Sometimes although very rarely you may find "sok od bazge" (elderflower juice) in the continental region. Worth trying! Also, in Istria there is a drink called "pašareta" and it is a sparkling red drink with herbal extracts. Very sweet and refreshing!
In some parts of Istria (especially south) in local basements, you can try 'smrikva' - a non-alcoholic refreshing drink made out of berries which grow on one sort of pine tree. The taste is a bit sour but very refreshing.
Alcoholic drinks can't be sold or served to anyone under 18, though this rule isn't strictly enforced.
Uyqu
Accommodation in Croatia is increasingly geared towards well-furnished, self-declared four- and five-star hotels. Prices are at their most expensive during the warmer months from June to September, especially July and August. Many coastal hotels are closed during the winter but there is at least one place to stay which is open in the off-season in all major towns.
Private rooms and apartments are quite common, targeting the mass tourism market as visits to the country have surged in the 2010s. Apartments tend to be self-containing, with a kitchen, bathroom, small lounge, and often a terrace outside.
B&Bs haven't really taken off in Croatia because of the bureaucratic rules in place. In the countryside, rural homestays have become more visible, particularly in the inland regions. These homestays are slightly pricier than the private rooms and apartments, but include breakfast and home-cooked meals.
O'rganing
European Union citizens have the same status as Croatian citizens when applying to Croatian universities. Full English-language courses in computer science and medicine are available in Zagreb and Split.
Ish
Ko'ngillilik
Croatia is the destination of many worldwide volunteer organizations that send groups of volunteers throughout the year to help with agriculture, community development, education, animal welfare, and more. These programs are put together by nonprofits, community groups and volunteers to help locals improve their economy and way of life. With rich cultural history and stunning coastline, Croatia is truly is the jewel of eastern Europe. If you would like to travel to Croatia as a volunteer, visit these websites for volunteer programs, accommodations, travel dates, and tours.
- Essential Croatia[ilgari o'lik havola]
- ISV Croatia
- Volunteers Centre Zagreb
Xavfsiz bo'ling
During summer make sure you use adequate SPF to protect yourself from sunburn. There are no ozone holes over Croatia but it's fairly easy to burn in the sun. If this happens make sure you get out of the sun, drink plenty of fluids and rehydrate your skin. The locals will often advise covering the burnt spot with cold yogurt bought from the supermarket.
In case of an emergency you can dial 112 - responsible for dispatching all emergency services such as fire departments, police, emergency medical assistance and mountain rescue.
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Since the hostilities ended in 1995, there remain an estimated 46,317 landmines in Croatia. However these are not to be found in areas visited by tourists. If you plan to hike consult locals before you go. The mine suspected areas are marked with 13,274 mine warning signs. Although mines are still a problem for Croatia, it is highly unlikely you will spot any minefields in Croatia today.
If you find yourself in area that can be potential contaminated with mines, do not stray from marked roads or known safe areas. As of 2020, very few minefields remain in some rural areas. For further advice refer to Wikivoyage's war zone safety section.
E'tibor bering bura wind danger signs. The bura can be particularly strong in the Velebit area, where it can blow up to 200 km/h and overturn lorries. However, if the wind is strong enough to pose a significant danger to all traffic on a road section, that section will be closed. During strong bura wind, avoid any activity on the sea. Accidents caused by wind occur every year and claim adventurous tourists' lives in Croatia. From sailing accidents to drownings due to high water.
Avoid strip clubs at all costs. They are often run by very shady characters, and often overcharge their guests. Foreigners have been charged €2000 for a bottle of champagne. These clubs overcharge their customers to the extreme, and their bouncers will not have any mercy if you tell them you can't pay. You will soon find yourself in a local hospital. Using common sense is essential, but due to the nature of the clubs this may be in short supply, and you may be better advised simply to steer well clear of these clubs.
Abuse of LGBT people is possible in Croatia, so travelers should avoid public displays of same-sex affection.
Sog'lom bo'ling
No vaccinations are required when going to Croatia.
If you're going camping or hiking in continental Croatia during summer, you should be aware of ticks and tick-carrying diseases such as encephalitis va lyme disease. Approximately 3 ticks in 1000 carry the virus.
In Eastern Slavonia (particularly around the Kopački Rit near Osijek) wear long sleeves and take insect repellent.
Müslüm suvi in Croatia is perfectly safe, and in some areas considered the best in the world. However, you can still choose from several brands of excellent bottled water (Jamnica being the most popular, and Jana, several times awarded as the world's best bottled water.)
Though the water may be some of the best in the world, avoid drinking the home-made wine sold in refilled plastic jugs in many local farmer's markets as it may cause intestinal distress.
Hurmat
Croatia gained independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, and 1990s were marked by ethnic conflict and the bloody and brutal war in Croatia is still a painful subject, but generally there should be no problem if you approach that topic with respect. Croatia has seen a heap of invaders through history; Greek, Roman, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslav, etc. Proudly independent today, calling Croatia Yugoslavia or calling Croats Yugoslav, would almost be considered an insult. Also don’t call the Croatian language Serbo-Croatian, as you could easily come across a person sensitive about the issue.
Visitors will find that domestic politics and European affairs are everyday conversation subjects in Croatia.
Visitors should avoid describing Croatia as a Balkan country, as Croats prefer to think of their country as Mediterranean and Central European, and some will take offence at the word "Balkan". Geographically, southern and coastal Croatia is part of the Balkans, while areas north of the Sava and Kupa rivers are not.
Socially, displays of affection among the younger generation are the same as Western European standards, but the older generation (over 65) are still quite conservative.
When driving on rural roads, particularly when a driver has to pull in to allow you to pass, it is customary to wave a thanks to the other driver by raising your hand from the steering wheel.
Most Croats will respond to "thank you" with something along the lines of "It was nothing" or "not at all" which is equivalent to the English "Don't mention it".
Ulanmoq
Telefon
Croatia uses the GSM 900/1800 system for mobile phones. There are three providers, T-Mobile (also operates the Bonbon prepaid brand), Vip (also operates the Tomato prepaid brand) and Tele2. Over 98% of the country's area is covered. Since 2006 UMTS (3G) is available as well, and as of 2013 also HSDPA and LTE. If you have an unlocked phone, you can buy a prepaid SIM card for 20 kn. There have been promotions in which SIM cards were given away for free with newspapers (7 kn) and sometimes even literally handed out on the street. GSM phones bundled with T-Mobile or Vip prepaid SIM cards can be found in post offices, grocery stores and kiosks at varying prices.
An alternative to using a mobile phone is calling cards which can be found in postal offices and kiosks, there are two providers, Dencall and Hitme. You can buy cards from 25 kn.
Area codes:When calling between cities (actually between counties) or from a mobile phone, you must dial specific area codes:(area code) (phone number)
Zagreb (01)Split (021)Rijeka (051)Dubrovnik (020)Šibenik/Knin (022)Zadar (023)Osijek (031)Vukovar (032)Virovitica (033)Požega (034)Slavonski Brod (035)Čakovec (040)Varaždin (042)Bjelovar (043)Sisak (044)Karlovac (047)Koprivnica (048)Krapina (049)Istria (052)Lika/Senj (053)Mobile phones (091) (092) (095) (097) (098) or (099)
Internet
ADSL is common in Croatia. A 4 Mbit connection with unlimited downloads costs 178 kn per month via T-Com and just 99 kn with some other providers like Metronet or Iskon.Cable internet is available from B.net with a wide range of speeds and prices.
Internet cafés are available in all major cities. They are relatively cheap and reliable. A free Wi-Fi signal can be found virtually in every city (cafés, restaurants, hotels, some libraries, schools, colleges). Private unsecured networks have become uncommon.
Postal service
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Croatia's postal service is generally reliable, even if sometimes a bit slow. Every city and town has a post office. Here you can find their exact locations, and Bu yerga is the price list (the prices change often).
Television, radio and printed media
HRT, the public television broadcaster, operates four channels, while the commercial networks RTL and Nova TV have two channels each. Foreign films and series are shown with sound in the original language (English, Turkish, German, Italian...) and Croatian subtitles. Only children's programming is dubbed. Many hotels and private apartments have some channels from other European countries (mostly from Germany).
Radio stations that feature English-language pop/rock music are HRT-HR 2, Otvoreni and Totalni. They all have occasional traffic reports, but only HR 2 translates them into English, German and Italian during the summer. Other nationwide stations are HRT-HR 1 (news/features), HRT-HR 3 (mostly classical music), Narodni (Croatian pop) and HKR (Catholic radio).
Newspapers and magazines from Germany, Austria, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Slovenia, Serbia and other countries are available in Croatia. In Zagreb and the northern coastal areas some foreign newspapers arrive on the cover date, elsewhere they are late.