Litva - Lithuania

Litva (Litva: Lietuva) a Boltiqbo'yi mamlakati shimoli-sharqda Evropa.

Tushuning

Poytaxt	Vilnyus
Valyuta	evro (evro)
Aholisi	2,7 million (2019)
Elektr	220 volt / 50 gerts (Europlug, Schuko)
Mamlakat kodi	370
Vaqt zonasi	UTC 02:00
Favqulodda vaziyatlar	112, 02 (politsiya)
Haydash tomoni	to'g'ri
Wikidata-da tahrirlash

2004 yildan beri Litva Evropa Ittifoqi va Shimoliy Atlantika Shartnomasi Tashkilotining a'zosi. Litva 800 yildan ortiq davlatchilik an'analariga ega bo'lgan yagona Boltiqbo'yi mamlakati, shu bilan uning nomi birinchi marta ming yil oldin, 1009 yilda tilga olingan. XV asrda Litva butun Evropadagi eng yirik davlatlardan biri bo'lib, u erda hunarmandchilik mavjud edi. va chet el savdosi rivojlandi.

1579 yilda Evropa miqyosidagi muhim ilmiy va o'quv markazi bo'lgan Vilnyus universiteti ochildi. XVI asrda Litva birinchi, ikkinchi va uchinchi nizomlarini qabul qildi. Ular mamlakat qonunchilik tizimining asosini tashkil etishgan va o'sha davrdagi boshqa Evropa davlatlari qonunchiligiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Polsha bilan birlashib va ​​mustaqilligini yo'qotganiga qaramay, Litva 250 yil davomida Uchinchi Nizomini saqlab qoldi, bu jamoatchilikning milliy va fuqarolik o'zini o'zi anglashini saqlashda muhim rol o'ynadi. Litva-Polsha Konstitutsiyasi va Frantsiya Konstitutsiyasi, ikkalasi ham 1791 yilda qabul qilingan bo'lib, Evropada yozilgan birinchi konstitutsiyadir. Litva XIX asrda Rossiya imperiyasining bir qismi bo'lgan, Birinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin mustaqil bo'lib, 1940 yilda Sovet Ittifoqiga qo'shilgan va 1991 yilda yana mustaqillikka erishgan.

Iqlim

O'tish davri, dengiz va kontinental o'rtasida; nam, o'rtacha qish (o'rtacha -5 ° C) va yoz (o'rtacha 16 ° C). Iqlimi dengiz bo'yida, yozi va qishi yumshoq, yumshoq. Janubi-Sharqiy Litvaning iqlimiga quruq, yozi iliq va qishi qattiqroq bo'lgan kontinental ob-havo massasi ta'sir qiladi.

Yoz oylarida eng ko'p yog'ingarchilik bo'ladi (yillik yog'ingarchilikning 50% gacha), kuz va qish eng quruq mavsum bo'lib, bahor eng quruq yog'ingarchilik bo'ladi. Qor har yili sodir bo'ladi, oktyabrdan aprelgacha qor yog'ishi mumkin. Ba'zi yillarda qor yog'ishi sentyabr yoki may oylariga to'g'ri kelishi mumkin.

Relyef

Pasttekislik, ko'plab tarqalgan kichik ko'llar, unumdor tuproq. Urug'li markaziy tekisliklarni qadimiy muzlik yotqiziqlari bo'lgan tepaliklar ajratib turadi.

Eng yuqori nuqta Aukstojas tepaligi atigi 294,84 m (967,322 fut), janubi-sharqdan 24 km uzoqlikda joylashgan. Vilnyus, Minskka boradigan asosiy avtomagistraldan uzoqda va Belorussiya chegarasi oldida. Litvaning 30% o'rmon bilan qoplangan.

Tarix

Litva 13-asrning o'rtalarida tashkil topgan. O'rta asrlarda Boltiqdan Qora dengizgacha cho'zilgan ulkan feodal mamlakatga aylandi va 1569 yilda Polsha bilan ittifoqqa kirib, hamdo'stlikni tashkil etdi. Litva 18-asrda Rossiya imperiyasi tarkibiga kirgandan so'ng Polsha bo'linishigacha Polsha Litva Hamdo'stligi tarkibida bo'lgan.

Zamonaviy Litva 1918 yilda Birinchi Jahon urushi va podshohlik monarxiyasining barham topishi natijasida Rossiyadan mustaqilligini qo'lga kiritdi. Biroq, 1940 yilda Litva Sovet Ittifoqiga majburan kiritildi va ko'p o'tmay fashistlar tomonidan ishg'ol qilindi, ular shu paytgacha deyarli taniqli yahudiy aholisi va ko'plab mahalliy polyaklarni mahalliy hamkasblar yordamida o'ldirdilar. Keyinchalik Ikkinchi Jahon Urushida Sovet Ittifoqi Litvani qaytarib oldi, shuningdek ko'plab litvaliklarni, xususan, Stalin terrorizm davrida shafqatsizlarcha quvg'in qildi va o'ldirdi. 1990 yil 11 martda Litva Sovet respublikalarining birinchisi bo'lib o'z mustaqilligini e'lon qildi, ammo Moskvadagi abort to'ntarishidan keyin 1991 yil sentyabrigacha ushbu e'lon umuman tan olinmadi. Sovet Ittifoqi 1991 yil 6 sentyabrda Litvaning mustaqilligini tan oldi. Konstitutsiya 1992 yil 25 oktyabrda qabul qilindi. So'nggi rus qo'shinlari 1993 yilda tark etildi. Litva keyinchalik G'arbiy Evropa institutlariga qo'shilish uchun iqtisodiyotini qayta tuzdi va barqaror demokratiya va Evropaning a'zosi bo'ldi. Birlik va NATO.

Milliy bayramlar

• Mustaqillik kuni - 16 fevral: Birinchi Jahon urushidan keyin 1918 yilda Rossiya imperiyasidan mustaqillik.

• Mustaqillikni tiklash - 11 mart: Sovet Ittifoqidan mustaqillikni tiklash.

• Avliyo Ioann kuni - 24 iyun: nasroniy ismiga qaramay, asosan butparast urf-odatlariga ko'ra nishonlanadi (Yoz oyi kuni).

• Davlatchilik kuni - 6 iyul: 1253 yilda Mindaugasdagi toj marosimini Litvaning birinchi va yagona qiroli sifatida eslaydi. Keyinchalik Litvaning hukmdorlari Buyuk knyazlar deb nomlanishdi.

• Rojdestvo - 25 dekabr

Mintaqalar

Litva madaniyatining mintaqaviy farqlari mamlakatning murakkab tarixiy rivojlanishini aks ettiradi. XIII asrdan beri Litvaning hozirgi hududida tarixiy jihatdan beshta etnografik hudud yoki mintaqalar shakllangan:

Aukštaitija Shimoli-sharqiy va sharqiy mintaqa; nomi tog 'degan ma'noni anglatadi

Samogitiya Žemaitija (pasttekisliklarni anglatadi), shimoliy-g'arbiy mintaqa

Dzikiya (Dainava) Janubi-sharqiy mintaqa

Saduva (Suvalkija) Janubiy va janubi-g'arbiy mintaqa

Kichik Litva Sohil mintaqasi

Ushbu etnografik mintaqalar bugungi kunda ham dialektlar, turmush tarzi va o'zini tutish uslublari bilan ajralib turadi, o'tgan asrning boshlariga qadar kiyinish va uy qurish uslublari hamda qishloqlarni rejalashtirishda sezilarli farqlar mavjud edi.

Litva o'zining og'zaki folklor xazinalari: rang-barang kiyim-kechak, hayajonli qo'shiqlar, ko'plab ertaklar va hikoyalar, ajoyib lahjalar va til bilan xaqida haqli ravishda faxrlanadi. Ushbu etnografik meros etnografik va folklor kompaniyalari va ombor teatrlari tomonidan oziqlanadi. Etnografik hunarmandchilik va oshpazlik an'analari tiklanmoqda. Xalq hunarmandchiligi yarmarkalari va jonli hunarmandchilik kunlari ko'plab tadbirlar va festivallarda tashkil etiladi.

Shaharlar

Merkinė tepalik. Litvaliklar qadimiy tarixi bilan faxrlanadilar. Tevton ordeni bilan kurashni eslatuvchi yuzlab tepaliklar hanuzgacha saqlanib kelmoqda

Litvaning tabiiy go'zalligining katta qismi yaxshi saqlanib qolgan. Mamlakatning sharqiy qismi, Aukštaitija, ko'llar, tepaliklar va o'rmonlar bilan mashhur

• 54.68333333333325.2833333333331 Vilnyus - ko'plab o'rta asr cherkovlari bo'lgan mamlakat poytaxti
• 55.07222222222224.2805555555562 Jonava
• 54.923.9333333333333 Kaunas - Ikkinchi jahon urushi orasidagi ikkinchi yirik shahar va vaqtinchalik poytaxt
• 55.707521.1427777777784 Klaypda - yozgi festivallari bilan mashhur uchinchi yirik shahar
• 55.72524.3638888888895 Panevėžys
• 55.92805555555623.3166666666676 Shyaulyay - quyosh mavzusi va maxsus muzeylarga ega to'rtinchi yirik shahar
• 54.63333333333324.9333333333337 Trakay - bir nechta ko'llar bo'yida

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 55.34426.0571 Aukštaitija milliy bog'i - yozda suv sayyohligi va qishloq sayyohligi uchun mashhur bo'lgan ko'llar, tepaliklar va o'rmonlar mamlakati
• 55.27444444444420.9708333333332 Curonian Spit - noyob flora bilan noyob qum tepalari, dengiz qirg'og'i o'rmoni, oq qumli sayohlarni va qadimgi etnografik qishloqlar
• Dzikiya milliy bog'i - mamlakatdagi eng katta o'rmon (Dainavos) va botqoq (Čepkelių) va o'rmonlar o'rtasida qadimgi noyob qishloqlar.
• 56.01527823.4166673 Xoch tepaligi - Shyaulyay shimolidagi diniy ahamiyatga ega joy
• 54.88333333333324.854 Kernavė - Neris daryosi bo'yidagi sobiq Litva poytaxti va hozirda yaxshi saqlanib qolgan arxeologik joy
• 54.89425.3055 Purnuskes - ba'zi o'lchovlarga ko'ra Evropaning markazi
• 56.11666666666722.0166666666676 Zemaičių Kalvarija - mashhur ziyoratgoh, ko'pchilik mehmonlar iyul oyining boshlarida katta cherkov festivaliga tashrif buyurishadi

Chiqinglar

Litva a'zosi Shengen shartnomasi.

• Odatda shartnomani imzolagan va amalga oshirgan mamlakatlar o'rtasida chegara nazorati mavjud emas. Bunga Evropa Ittifoqining aksariyat qismi va boshqa bir qator mamlakatlar kiradi.
• Odatda xalqaro reyslarga yoki qayiqlarga chiqishdan oldin shaxsni tekshirish tekshiruvi o'tkaziladi. Ba'zida quruqlik chegaralarida vaqtinchalik chegara nazorati mavjud.
• Xuddi shunday, a viza har qanday Shengen a'zosi uchun berilgan, imzolagan barcha boshqa mamlakatlarda amal qiladi va shartnomani amalga oshirdi.
• Iltimos, ko'ring Shengen zonasi bo'ylab sayohat qilish sxema qanday ishlashi, qaysi mamlakatlar a'zo ekanligi va qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun sizning fuqaroligingizga qanday talablar qo'yiladi.

Samolyotda

Aksariyat aviakompaniyalar etib kelishadi VilnyusXalqaro aeroport, asosiy aeroport va kichik dengiz qirg'og'i Palangaaeroport, esa Ryanair erlar KaunasXalqaro aeroport^{[o'lik havola]}.

Riga aeroport Latviya shimoliy Litva yo'nalishlari uchun jozibali alternativ.

Poyezdda

Orasida ikkita poezd bor Belostok yilda Polsha va Kaunas shanba va yakshanba kunlari; Juma kuni Kaunasga sharq tomon yo'naltirilgan bitta poyezd bor, dushanba kuni Belostokka g'arbiy yo'nalishda bitta poyezd bor. Jadval sizning ketishingizni anglatadi Varshava Centralna soat 13:00 atrofida, Belostokda oldinga yo'naltirilgan poezdga soat 15:40 da Kaunasga etib borish uchun soat 21: 30gacha etib boring (chegarada bir soatlik vaqt almashinuvi bilan, lekin o'lchagich yoki poezd o'zgarmasligi kerak); va u erda siz poezdga borishingiz mumkin edi Vilnyus kelish 23:00. G'arbiy yo'nalishda, siz Vilnusdan soat 06: 00dan keyin tark etishingiz kerak, soat 10:00 da Kaunasdan Belostokka etib borish uchun poezdda soat 13:45 ga borishingiz va Varshavaga 17:00 ga etib borishingiz kerak. Dam olish kunidagi boshqa poezd Belostokda bir kecha turishni talab qiladi. Ushbu poezdlar Belorusiyaga kirmaydi.

Vilnyus bilan kuniga uch tezyurar poezdlar qatnaydi Minsk yilda Belorussiya, 3 soatdan kam vaqtni oladi, shuningdek, bir necha sekin rus poezdlari to'rt soatdan ko'proq vaqtni oladi. Litva temir yo'l kompaniyasi ushbu yo'nalishda faqat o'z poezdlarini ro'yxatga oladi, tekshiring Rossiya temir yo'llari To'liq tanlov uchun ingliz veb-sayti, ammo bu faqat to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezdlarni ko'rsatishini va ulanish tushunchasini anglab etmasligini unutmang.

Dan poezdlar Rossiya kuniga ikki marta eksklavni ulang Kaliningrad Vilnyusga (6 soat) Minskdan davom eting, keyin Moskva, Sankt-Peterburg va boshqa shaharlarga muxlislik qiling. Hatto Gruziya bilan chegaraga yaqin Qora dengiz sohilidagi Sochi va Adlerga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezd bor. Ushbu yo'nalishlarning har qandayida g'arbliklar Belarusiya tranzit vizasiga va Rossiya vizasiga muhtoj.

Kimdan Latviya, Rigadan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri poezd qatnovi mavjud emas (garchi bu temir yo'l Baltica loyihasi qurib bo'lingandan so'ng o'zgarishi mumkin bo'lsa ham), lekin ikkita poezd bor Daugavpils har shanba va yakshanba kunlari, Daugavpilsdan ikkinchi poezd sayohat qilish uchun etarlicha kech jo'nab ketishi bilan Riga bir kunda Vilnyusga.

Mashinada

Major "Baltica orqali"yo'l aloqalari Kaunas ga Varshava janubda va Riga va Tallin shimolda. Vilnyusni Tallin bilan bog'laydigan Boltiq yo'li yangi qurildi. Bu juda oson va yoqimli marshrut.

Umuman olganda, shaharlar orasidagi asosiy yo'llar sifatli. Qishloq joylardagi asosiy yo'llardan chiqishda juda ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki ularning ba'zilarida pot teshiklari va umumiy dog'lar bo'lishi mumkin, agar siz tez yursangiz oddiy mashinaga zarar etkazishi mumkin. Shahar o'rtasida harakatlanayotganda, odatda, hammom va gazak bilan jihozlangan kafe va yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari mavjud.

Avtobusda

• Evrolinlar
• Ekolinalar
• Busturalar
• FlixBus

Qayiqda

Klaypedaga Shvetsiya, Germaniya va Daniyadan boshqariladigan yo'lovchi / avtoulov paromlari mavjud Lisko va Skandallar. Biroq ular har kuni ishlamaydilar va nisbatan sekin.

Atrofga boring

Poyezdda

Kaunas-Vilnyus yo'nalishi bo'yicha poezd

Davlat mulki Litrail Litvaning yirik shaharlariga xizmat ko'rsatmoqda. Aksariyat poezdlar yo'l bo'ylab kichikroq stantsiyalarda to'xtashadi. Ushbu kichik stantsiyalarning bir qismiga jamoat transportida boshqa har qanday transport vositasi kira olmaydi. G'arbiy Evropaga nisbatan narxlar past: Vilnius-Kaunas 5 - 104 km atrofida, Vilnüs - Klaydada 15 - 376 km atrofida (2016 yil fevral holatiga ko'ra). Yirik temir yo'l vokzallarida chiptalar vokzal binosi ichidagi kassadan jo'nashdan 5 daqiqa oldin sotib olinadi. Chipta faqat u sotilgan poezdda amal qiladi. Biroq chiptalarni oldindan sotib olish mumkin. Qaytish uchun chiptalarni sotib olayotganda qaytish chiptasiga 15% chegirma qo'llaniladi. Ko'plab kichik bekatlarda chiptaxonalar mavjud emas va chiptalarni poezdda konduktordan sotib olishadi. Agar siz ishchi kassa joylashgan stantsiyada poezdga o'tirsangiz va konduktordan chipta sotib olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, qo'shimcha to'lovlarni to'lashingiz kerak. Ammo bu stantsiyaga juda kech etib kelgan, ammo poezdni ushlab turishga muvaffaq bo'lgan yagona variant bo'lishi mumkin. Poezd bortiga faqat naqd pul qabul qilinadi, ammo aksariyat chiptaxonalar naqd pulni va to'lov kartalarini qabul qilmaydi. Chegirmalar uchun bir xil qoidalar vaqti-vaqti bilan reklama imtiyozlaridan tashqari, boshqa jamoat transportida ham qo'llaniladi. Xususan, Litva talabalik guvohnomasi yoki ISIC-ga ega talabalar uchun 50% chegirma mavjud. Chiptalar poezd konduktorlari tomonidan tasdiqlanadi va konduktor-inspektorlarning vaqti-vaqti bilan tekshirib turishi sababli sayohat oxirigacha saqlanishi kerak.

Marshrutga qarab poezdlar avtobus yoki mikroavtobuslarga qaraganda tezroq yoki sekinroq bo'lishi mumkin. Viloyna-Klaydada va Vilnyus-Kaunas shaharlararo yo'nalishlarga poezdda tezroq borish mumkin. Litvada tezyurar temir yo'l liniyalari mavjud emas. Marshrutlar ustma-ust tushadigan joylarda odatda avtotransportga qaraganda kamroq harakatlanadi. Biroq, poyezd ba'zan katta yo'llar va shaharlardan (ayniqsa, Vilnyus-Marcinkonys va Vilnyus-Turmantas yo'nalishlarida) uzoqda joylashgan olis manzillarga etib borishning yagona variantidir. Bu poezdlarni cho'lga tashrif buyuruvchilar va yovvoyi reza yoki qo'ziqorin izlayotgan fuqarolar orasida mashhur qiladi.

Umuman olganda, poezdlar avtobuslarga qaraganda kengroq bo'lib, ularni katta sumkalar yoki katta hajmdagi buyumlarga (chang'ilar, velosipedlar) mos keladi. Velosipedlarni barcha poyezdlar bortida tashish mumkin, ammo maxsus velosiped chiptasi kerak (to'lov masofaga bog'liq). Ko'pgina poezdlarda birinchi yoki oxirgi vagonda joylashgan velosipedlar uchun maxsus javonlar mavjud. Biroq, ular faqat 2-3 velosipedni sig'dira oladi va velosipedlarni yo'lak bo'ylab oddiygina qilib qo'yish oddiy hol emas. Velosiped odamlarning harakatlanishini cheklamasligi sharti bilan, bunday amaliyot qabul qilinadi. Aksariyat mintaqaviy poezdlar orol bo'ylab 2-2 stul yonida 3-3 stul konfiguratsiyasiga ega. Bu shuni anglatadiki, bir vaqtning o'zida 10 kishigacha bir-birlarini ko'rishlari mumkin va poezdlar yirik kompaniyalar orasida mashhurdir. Ba'zi bir poezdlarda 3 stul yotoq sifatida foydalanish uchun etarlicha uzun va keng bo'lgan bitta qulay skameykani tashkil qiladi - agar boshqa yo'lovchilar uchun joy bo'lsa. Uzoq masofali poezdlarning ko'pchiligida olti o'tirgan yoki to'rtta uxlab yotgan yo'lovchini sig'dira oladigan bo'linmalar mavjud. Boshcha balandligi ko'tarilib, juda qulay ikki qavatli karavotni hosil qilish mumkin, undan odamlar pastda o'tirganda foydalanishlari mumkin. O'rindiqlarning o'zi boshqa juft yotoqlarni tashkil qiladi. Ba'zi sayohatlar ancha uzoq bo'lganligi sababli (Vilnyus-Klaypeda misolida 4½-5 soat), kunduzgi sayohatlar paytida ham yuqori tepaliklarda uxlab yotgan odamlarni ko'rish odatiy holdir.

Tarixiy Aukštaitija tor torli temir yo'l Anykščiai yaqin atrofdagi ko'lga qisqa sayohat qilishni taklif qiladi. Yozda u odatdagi jadvalda ishlaydi, qolgan vaqt turlarini oldindan bron qilish kerak.

Avtobusda

Litvada avtobusda harakatlanish oson, deyarli barcha kattaroq va kichik joylarga avtobusda borish mumkin. Shaharlararo avtobuslarning ikki turi mavjud: ekspress va mintaqaviy. Tezyurar avtobuslar faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi va odatda mintaqaviyga qaraganda tezroq. Ekspress avtobuslar ham ancha yangi va qulay bo'lishga moyil. Ba'zan (lekin har doim ham) ushbu avtobuslar aniq tarzda belgilanadi Ekspresas ("ekspres"). Bu shaharlar o'rtasida uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilish uchun eng yaxshi variant. Aksincha, mintaqaviy avtobuslar yo'l bo'ylab har bir bekatda to'xtaydi. Shunday qilib, ular odatda sekin, masalan, 40 km yo'l bir soat davom etishi mumkin. Mintaqaviy avtobuslar asosan Shimoliy Shimoliy davlatlardan olib kelingan eski avtoulovlardir. Ushbu avtobuslarda xizmat ko'rsatish sifati G'arb standartlariga nisbatan pastroq bo'lishi mumkin. Mintaqaviy avtobuslar ekspress avtobuslar aylanib o'tgan stantsiyalarga etib borishingiz kerak bo'lsa yaxshi bo'ladi. Biroq ekspress va mintaqaviy avtobuslarning bir marshrutga qatnashi odatiy hol emas, shuning uchun oldindan so'rab olish yaxshiroqdir. Ba'zi avtobuslar bilvosita, ya'ni ular ikki shahar o'rtasidagi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yo'ldan shaharchalar orqali o'tishadi. Ular odatda "CityA - CityB" deb etiketlanadi per CityC "(per "orqali" ma'nosini anglatadi).

Avtobuslar asosiy markazlar va viloyat markazlari o'rtasida muntazam ravishda qatnaydi. Odatda har bir shaharchada avtobus kompaniyasi mavjud. Ulardan eng kattalari va eng zo'rlari - TOKS (dan.) Vilnyus), Kautra (dan.) Kaunas), Klaipėdos avtobus avtobus parklari (dan Klaypda), Busturas Shyaulyay va mini avtobus kompaniyasi, Transrevis. Litva talabalik guvohnomasiga ega bo'lgan talabalar uchun avtobus kompaniyalari yil davomida 50% chegirma beradi. Qabul qilingan (ISIC: Xalqaro talabalik guvohnomasi) bo'lgan talabalar uchun qonunga binoan Yevropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlar, avtobus kompaniyalari ham 50% chegirma berishlari kerak. Agar inspektorlar avtobusni bekatlardan birida tekshirishga qaror qilsalar, chiptangizni safar oxirigacha saqlashni unutmang.

Litvaning avtobus yo'nalishlari va burilishlarining asosiy qismi manzilda ko'rsatilgan autobusubilietai.lt undan ma'lum yo'nalishlar uchun chiptalarni zaxiralashingiz mumkin. Shunga qaramay, to'lov tizimi faqat Litva banklarining ayrimlarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va sizning kredit kartangiz ishlamasligi mumkinligiga e'tibor bering. Boshqa bir avtobus chiptalari xizmati iticket.lt ko'proq to'lov imkoniyatlari mavjud.

Shahar va shaharlar ichidagi marshrutlarda avtobuslar va trolleybuslar uchun chiptani kioskadan oldindan sotib olish, o'rta eshikdan foydalanib transport vositasiga o'tirish va chipta shtamplaridan biri yordamida chiptani muhrlash tavsiya etiladi. Ilgari ular o'rta eshik yonida edi, ammo elektron chiptalar joriy etilgandan so'ng, haydovchi o'rindig'i orqasida ko'pincha bitta chipta zarbasi mavjud. Kioskalardan ko'ra haydovchidan sotib olingan chiptalar qimmatroq, shuningdek, avtobus kechikkan yoki odam ko'p bo'lsa va siz aniq o'zgarishni ko'rsatmasangiz, off-qo'li bilan javob berishi mumkin. Litva talabalik guvohnomasi yoki ISIC (International Student Identity Card) ga ega bo'lgan talabalar Yevropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlar bitta chiptalar uchun 50% chegirma va oylik chiptalar uchun 80% chegirma olish huquqiga ega. Inspektorlar vaqti-vaqti bilan chiptalarni tekshirib turishadi va agar siz tasdiqlangan chiptani yoki chegirmaga muvofiqligini tasdiqlovchi hujjatni taqdim eta olmasangiz jarima soladilar. Avtobus o'rta eshikdan chiqadi va avtobus to'xtashidan oldin eshik tomon yurish kerak - odamlar o'tira boshlagach, chiqib ketish mumkin emas.

Oddiy avtobuslardan tashqari, odatda ekspress yo'nalishlarda harakatlanadigan mikroavtobuslar ham mavjud.

Mashinada

Litva yo'l chegaralari belgisi

M1 toifali transport vositalari uchun:

• Shahar ichida 50 km / soat
• Qishloq yo'llarida 90 km / soat
• Avtomobil yo'llarida 130 km / soat (yoz oylarida)
• Avtomobil yo'llarida 110 km / soat (qish oylarida)
• Avtomobil yo'llarida soatiga 120 km
• Qattiq ob-havo sharoitida 70 km / soat
• faralar kunning istalgan vaqtida yoniq bo'lishi kerak

Klaypedadan avtomagistral bo'ylab Kaunasga kelish

Boshqa materik Evropada bo'lgani kabi, Litva trafigi ham o'ng tomonda harakatlanadi va barcha masofalar kilometrlarda joylashtirilgan.

Litvada yo'l tarmog'i juda yaxshi, ayniqsa avtomobil yo'llari. Kichik yo'llarda yo'l qoplamasining sifati har xil bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'pchilik asfaltlanmagan va juda titroq. Obodonlashtirish ishlari ko'plab joylarda transport harakatiga to'sqinlik qilmoqda. Boltika orqali Via yo'li Litva orqali Estoniyadan Polshaga o'tadi. Yana bir muhim yo'l - Vilnusdan Klaypedaga boradigan A1.

Qoidalar

Svetoforning qizil chirog'ida o'ng tomonga burilishga ruxsat beriladi qaerda yashil o'q bilan ko'rsatilgan (qizil chiroq yonidagi to'rtburchaklar oq belgi, ruxsat berilgan yo'nalishni ko'rsatuvchi yashil o'qni o'z ichiga oladi), agar u boshqa trafikka xavf tug'dirmasa. Bunday belgining yo'qligi shuni anglatadiki, o'ng tomonga qizil rangga burilishga yo'l qo'yilmaydi va politsiya ushbu qoidani buzgan har qanday haydovchini to'xtatadi. E'tibor bering, ushbu belgilar 2020 yilda tugatila boshlandi, ammo ularni topish mumkin.

Ko'p kattaroq kavşaklarda chapga burilish uchun harakatlanish uchun alohida yashil chiroq bor, lekin faqat bitta qizil / sariq chiroq. Boshqa yo'nalishdagi yashil chiroq o'qlarning to'g'ri va o'ngga qarab ketishini ko'rsatadi, ammo ular osongina e'tibordan chetda qolmaydi. Ushbu svetoforlarning aksariyati atrofidagi oq aks etuvchi ramka tufayli ular eng qisqa vaqt ichida ularning konturlari bilan aniqlanadi.

Ikki yoki uch qatorli yo'llarda, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri sayohat qilmoqchi bo'lganingizda, o'ng chiziqdan chiqib ketish (agar shunday bo'lsa, xavfsiz); bu o'ng tomonga harakatlanish uchun o'ng chiziqni aniq tutadi. Orqaga o'ng tomonga o'tsangiz, orqadan yaqinlashayotgan tez harakatlanadigan transport vositalariga e'tibor bering.

Agar o'ng chiziq "A" bilan belgilangan bo'lsa, bu ajratilgan avtobus chizig'i. 'A / TAKSI' belgisi qo'yilgan yo'lakchadan taksilar ham foydalanishlari mumkin. Boshqa yo'l harakati qatnashchilari faqat yon tomonga burilish uchun yo'lga chiqishlari mumkin.

Avtomobil yo'llarida burilish mumkin. Avtoulovchilar yo'l harakati qoidalariga rioya qilmaydilar, shuning uchun piyodalar sobiq Sovet mamlakatlaridagi kabi vijdonan aniq bo'lishi kerak. Uy hayvonlari va ilon hayvonlarini ko'chirish yo'llarda va avtomobil yo'llarida xavfli vaziyatlarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.

Aylanma yo'llar Litva yo'llari tarmog'ining o'ziga xos xususiyati, ayniqsa shaharlarda. Ushbu birikma juda kam uchraydigan yoki umuman foydalanilmaydigan mamlakatlardan tashrif buyuruvchilar Vikipediyada aylanma yo'llar haqidagi maqolani foydali deb topishlari mumkin.

Qonda spirtli ichimliklar chegarasi Litvada 0,4 is.

Ruxsat etilgan tezkor kameralar qishloq yo'llari va avtomobil yo'llari bo'ylab, odatda chorrahalar yoki piyodalar o'tish joylari yaqinida va shaharlarda tez-tez uchraydi. Ular odatda belgi bilan e'lon qilinadi. Ularning aksariyati vaqti-vaqti bilan teskari yo'nalishni tomosha qilib o'girilishga mo'ljallangan bo'lib ko'rinadi.

Yoqilg'i

Benzin va dizel yoqilg'isi barcha yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalarida mavjud. LPG eng katta stantsiyalarda mavjud. EV kamdan-kam hollarda. Benzinli shtutserlar yashil rangga, dizel nasadkalar esa qora rangga ega.

Yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalarida Evropa Ittifoqining yonilg'i markirovkalari mavjud bo'lsa-da, mahalliy tizim ham mavjud. Benzin raqam bilan belgilangan, odatda narx belgisida ishlatiladi va nasosda katta raqamlarda ko'rsatiladi. Bu raqam RON (Oktan raqami) yoqilg'idan. "95" 95 RON benzinli yoqilg'ini anglatadi. Bu barcha stantsiyalarda mavjud. Ba'zi stantsiyalarda ham "98" bo'lishi mumkin. 98 RON benzinining narxi odatda belgida ko'rsatilmaydi; nasosdan narxni qidirib topishingiz kerak.

LPG deb etiketlanadi LPG yoki SND. LPG etkazib beradigan stantsiyalarda 50 litrli gaz ballonli shkaflar ham bo'ladi. Ushbu shkaflar odatda shunday etiketlanadi DUJŲ BALIONAI ("gaz idishlari"). Bir quti taxminan 20 evro turadi. Ushbu qutilar, asosan, elektr pechkalariga arzonroq alternativa sifatida tabiiy gaz ta'minlanmagan joylarda ovqat tayyorlash uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu qutilar mavjudligiga e'tibor bering juda katta karvonlarga sig‘moq.

Dizel yoqilg'i odatda "D" yorlig'i bilan etiketlenir, lekin "DK" yorlig'i ham bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zi yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalarida (ayniqsa, qishloqda) "DK" deb nomlangan dizel nasadkalar ham bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu tarqatiladigan dizel yoqilg'i traktorlari va boshqa qishloq xo'jaligi uskunalari kabi qishloq xo'jaligi maqsadlariga mo'ljallangan. Ushbu yoqilg'i fermerlarga ommaviy ravishda sotiladi, ular o'zlarining fermasida saqlashadi va tarqatishadi. U fermerlarga chegirma bilan sotiladi, ammo uchta ushlash bor:

1. Qanday qilib sotib olish mumkinligi bo'yicha kvota mavjud,
2. siz uni mashinangizda ishlata olmaysiz va
3. ushbu yoqilg'ini sotib olishga ruxsat berishingiz kerak.

EV quvvatlantirgichlari ba'zi yirik yonilg'i quyish shoxobchalarida va xususiy korxonalarda topish mumkin.

Odatda, siz to'laysiz do'konida yonilg'i uchun, unda yozilgan belgi bo'ladi PARDUOTUVĖ. Ba'zi stantsiyalarda do'kon eshigi yonida o'z-o'ziga xizmat ko'rsatish mashinasi ham bo'lishi mumkin. Siz odatda nasosda to'lamaysiz, qarovsiz stansiyalar bundan mustasno. Ko'pgina stantsiyalarda soat 22:00 dan 06:00 gacha to'ldirishdan oldin to'lashingiz kerak.

Taksida

Taksilar metrda yurishadi va ularni taksi eshigida ko'rsatilgan telefon raqamlari orqali bron qilish mumkin. G'arbiy Evropaga nisbatan taksilar nisbatan arzon. Ba'zi kompaniyalar boshqalar kabi xavfsiz bo'lmasligi mumkin, sog'lom fikr bu borada sizni xavfsiz holatga keltiradi. Ilgari "uzoq yo'lni bosib o'tish" odatiy bo'lgan, ammo deyarli yo'q qilingan. Shunga qaramay chet elliklar kutilganidan ko'proq pul to'lashlari haqida ba'zi xabarlar mavjud edi. Shuni yodda tutingki, kemaga chiqish va sayohat uchun to'lovlarni belgilash operatorga bog'liq. Strategik joylarda kutayotgan ba'zi taksilar (masalan, aeroportlar, avtovokzallar) bundan foydalanib, to'lovlarni bozor o'rtacha qiymatidan bir necha baravar yuqori belgilaydilar. Umuman ko'chada taksiga emas, telefon orqali taksiga buyurtma berish arzonroq. Shuningdek, siz telefon orqali yoki mashinaga o'tirishdan oldin taksiga buyurtma berishda narxni oldindan belgilashni so'rashingiz mumkin. Ba'zi mehmonlar haydovchiga kichik maslahatlarni qoldiradilar, ammo bu mutlaqo ixtiyoriy.

Agar sizga chiroyli sayohat kerak bo'lmasa, taksi 0,37 evro / km ga arzonlashishi mumkin. Mintaqaviy shaharlardagi taksi narxlari yirik shaharlarga qaraganda ancha past bo'lib, ularni shahar tashqarisiga sayohat qilish qulayroq qiladi.

Litvada minib chiqish mumkin va quyidagilar eng kutilgan provayderlardir:

• Bolt. Ko'plab shaharlarni o'z ichiga oladi. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)
• Uber. Vilnyusda ishlaydi. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)
• Yandex.Taxi. Arzon narxlarni taklif qiluvchi Rossiya kompaniyasi. Vilnyus va Kaunasda mavjud bo'lgan xizmatlar. (yangilangan Iyul 2020)

Velosipedda

Litvada velosiped haydash juda mashhur, ammo bu aniq manzilga bog'liq, chunki katta shaharlarda yo'lakchalar odatda ko'plab belgilar bilan velosiped yo'llariga ega bo'ladi, ammo qishloq joylarida velosipedda yurish biroz qiyinlashishi mumkin. Ikki xalqaro EuroVelo velosiped marshrutlari butun mamlakat bo'ylab EuroVelo №10 va EuroVelo № 11 sifatli belgilar bilan jihozlangan, velosiped yo'llari juda sifatli.

Velosipedni qulflamasdan tashqarida bir necha soatdan ko'proq tashlab ketish xavfli bo'lishi mumkin BaltiCCycle^{[o'lik havola]} sizga ma'lumot va yordam berishi mumkin.

Bosh barmog'i bilan

Avtostop Litvada umuman yaxshi. Shahar chetiga boring, lekin avtoulovlar tezlashguncha avtoulov tezlashadi. Uch harf kodining eski raqamlaridagi (Litva bayrog'i bilan) o'rta harfi odatda ro'yxatdan o'tgan shaharga to'g'ri keladi (Vilnyus uchun V, Kaunas uchun K, Klaypeda uchun L va boshqalar). Yangi davlat raqamlari (2004 yildan beri chiqarilgan, Evropa Ittifoqi bayrog'i bilan) hech qanday tarzda ro'yxatdan o'tgan shahar bilan bog'liq emas.

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Litva tilidagi so'zlashuv kitobi

Litvaning rasmiy tili Litva, ikkita tildan birini tashkil etadi (bilan birga Latviya) hind-evropa oilasining Boltiqbo'yi filialidan. Litvaning ko'plab boshqa Evropa tillari bilan qarindoshligiga qaramasdan, uning grammatikasining arxaik tabiati uni tanib olish uchun juda qiyin tilni keltirib chiqaradi. Tilni yaxshi bilish uchun deyarli bir yil o'qish kerak. Ushbu tilda gaplashish yoki bir nechta iboralarni o'rganishga urinishlar mahalliy aholi tomonidan iliq kutib olinadi. Litvaliklar o'zlarining tili chet elliklar uchun qiyinligini yaxshi bilishadi va ular siz bu tilni yaxshi bilishingizni kutishmaydi.

Ruscha ikkinchi til sifatida keng tarqalgan, ammo litvaliklar ingliz tilini o'rganishni afzal ko'rayotgani sababli uning ishlatilishi asta-sekin kamayib bormoqda. Evropa Ittifoqining statistik ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, litvaliklarning 40% rus tilini bilishadi. Umuman olganda, keksa avlod o'zlarining o'smirlariga qaraganda rus tilini yaxshi bilishadi. Litvaliklar ko'pincha tashrif buyuruvchilar bilan ingliz tilini mashq qilishni xohlashadi.

Boshqa so'zlashuv tillari ham kiradi Polsha va Nemis, lekin ulardan foydalanish mamlakatdagi bir nechta cho'ntaklar bilan cheklangan.

Samogitiyada (G'arbiy Litva) ko'pchilik samogit tilida gaplashadi, bu standart litvadan biroz farq qiladi.

Qarang

Kaunas eski shahri

Vilnyusda tong otish eshigi

Shiaulyay yaqinidagi xochlar tepaligi, uzoqdan

Satriya tog'idagi ko'rinish Samogitiya.

Boltiqbo'yi mamlakatlarining eng janubi bo'lgan Litvaning tarixiy merosi uni boshqa ikkisidan ancha ajratib turadi. Bugungi kunda ushbu kichik, ammo rang-barang mamlakatga tashrif buyurgan sayohatchilarning bir qismi bu bir vaqtlar Evropaning eng katta xalqi bo'lgan deb taxmin qilishlari mumkin. Bir nechta yodgorliklar - bu buyuk Litva knyazligi hozirgi kunga qadar cho'zilgan o'sha oltin asrlarning eslatmalari Rossiya, Polsha va Moldova, ammo undan ham kamroq Litva chegaralarida. Arxeologik maydoni KernavėO'sha paytda O'rta asrlarning poytaxti bo'lgan Jahon merosi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan va tarixiy tepalik tepaliklari va muzeyi mavjud. The Trakai orolining qal'asi yilda Trakay ba'zan "Kichik Marienburg" deb nomlanadi. Bu orolda joylashgan va Litva Buyuk knyazligining asosiy kunlarida asosiy istehkomlardan biri bo'lgan. 17-asrda Muskoviy bilan bo'lgan urushlarda jiddiy zarar ko'rgan bo'lsa-da, 19-asrda qal'a juda yaxshi ta'mirlangan va hozirgi kunda mashhur sayyohlik maskani hisoblanadi. Kaunas qal'asi yilda Kaunas undan ham eski, ammo asl binoning atigi uchdan bir qismi qolgan.

Mamlakatning yoqimli poytaxti, Vilnyus, YuNESKO ro'yxatiga kiritilgan tarixiy markazi joylashgan kichik, yoqimli joy. Bu qatorga qoyil qolish uchun eng zo'r joy me'moriy uslublar, chunki u gotika, uyg'onish, barok va neoklassik binolarning aralashmasidan faxrlanadi. Tor ko'chalarda va shinam hovlilarda aylanib o'ting va Pilys ko'chasidagi ko'plab kafelardan birida kofe ichish uchun orqangizdan teping. Keyin Gediminas xiyobonidan, shaharning hukumat binolari va teatrlari bilan o'ralgan asosiy ko'chasi bo'ylab eski mahallaga qarab yuring. Žvėrynas. 65 ga yaqin cherkovlar bilan mashhur Gediminas minorasi, Sobor maydoni, Qirollik saroyi, Prezident saroyi va boshqa ko'plab yodgorliklar va muzeylar, yaqin orada Vilnüsda ko'radigan narsalaringiz tugamaydi.

Bir kun dengizda, mashhur dengiz kurorti Palanga bo'lishi kerak bo'lgan joy. Yozda u gavjum bo'ladigan bo'lsa-da, u erda ajoyib sayohlarni va chiroyli qumtepalar mavjud. Qum tepalari - bu siz deyarli 100 km uzunlikda topasiz Curonian Split, Curonian Lagunani Boltiq dengizi sohilidan ajratib turadi. Bu Litva va Rossiya o'rtasida birgalikda foydalaniladigan Jahon merosi ro'yxati va eng yaxshi yirik shahar shahridan o'rganiladi Klaypda, shuningdek, Boltiq bo'yidagi boshqa dengiz bo'yidagi kurortlar uchun yaxshi markazdir. Klaypedadan unchalik uzoq bo'lmagan qishloq Juodkrante, bu bilan mashhur Jodugarlar tepasi, mamlakat afsonalari va ertaklaridan haykallar bilan bezatilgan. Baliqchilar shahri Nida qirg'oqlari va qadimiy etnografik qabristoni uchun maqtovga sazovor.

Shimoliy shahardan bir necha kilometr uzoqlikda Shyaulyay Siz ajoyib narsani topasiz Xoch tepaligi, g'ayrioddiy va mashhur ziyoratgoh. Bu erga 100 mingdan ziyod xochlar qo'yilgan - kichik, ulkan, sodda va quvnoq - bu erga sodiq odamlar uzoq joylardan joylashtirdilar. Mamlakatning narigi tomonida, janubda siz mashhur va zamonaviy kurort-kurort shaharchasini topasiz Druskininkay, ko'llar va daryolar bilan o'ralgan.

Boltiqbo'yi qo'shnilari singari, Litvada ham ko'p narsalar mavjud tabiat sevuvchilar. Zich o'rmonlar, tepaliklar, chiroyli ko'k ko'llar va daryolar asosiy asosdir. O'rmon Aukštaitija milliy bog'i mamlakatdagi milliy bog'larning eng mashhurlaridan biri bo'lib, u erda elkalar, kiyiklar va yovvoyi cho'chqalar yashaydi. Bu erda ko'rgan qarag'aylarning bir qismi 200 yoshgacha va bog'da mamlakatning qolgan qismida xavf ostida bo'lgan ko'plab o'simliklar va qushlar uchun xavfsiz joy. Ularning orasidagi 126 ta ko'l va son-sanoqsiz soylar bog'ni suv sporti bilan shug'ullanish uchun ajoyib joyga aylantiradi va bog'dagi qishloqlarda bir-biridan qiziqarli yog'och cherkovlar mavjud. Yana bir sevimli narsa Nemunalar deltasi. Neman daryosi Boltiq dengiziga etib boradigan atrofdagi keng suv-botqoqli joylar mashhur ekoturizm maskani va qushlarning muhim yashash joyidir.

Litvada ko'p narsalar mavjud diniy saytlar, ayniqsa katolik e'tiqodi. Ularning barchasi har qanday din va kelib chiqishi bo'lgan odamlar uchun ochiqdir. Ziyorat qilinadigan eng mashhur joylar:

• Zemaičių Kalvarija yilda Samogitiya (ziyoratchilarning aksariyati iyulda keladi)
• Xoch tepaligi yaqin Shyaulyay
• Tong darvozasi xonimimiz, Vilnyus
• Siluva, Samogitiya.

Qil

Agar siz sog'liqni saqlash yoki dam olishni qidirsangiz, bu uchun eng yaxshi kurortlar Druskininkai va Palanga. Neringa - o'zingiz bilan bir bo'lish uchun yoqimli va xotirjam dam olish uchun ajoyib imkoniyat.

Basketbol - bu milliy sport, va millat basketbolda aqldan ozgan, (inglizlar bilan futbol va Yangi Zelandiya - regbi bilan solishtirish mumkin). Litva xalqaro musobaqalardagi eng muvaffaqiyatli jamoalardan biri bo'lib, to'rtta Olimpiya turniridan uchtasida medallarni qo'lga kiritgan (bronza) va 2008 yilda to'rtinchi o'rinni egallagan. Bularning barchasi faqat beshta Olimpiya o'yinlarida qatnashgan. Asosiy mahalliy klublar Kaunasdan BC Galgiris va Vilnyusdan BC Rytasdir. Shu sababli deyarli har bir bog'da va o'yin maydonchalarida siz basketbol maydonchasini topasiz.

Agar ba'zi odamlar sizni basketbol o'yiniga chorlashsa ehtiyot bo'ling. Oddiy litvaliklar basketbolda juda yaxshi, va siz shunchaki o'zingizni xijolatga solishingiz mumkin.

Sotib oling

Pul

Lithuania uses the evro, boshqa bir qancha Evropa davlatlari singari. Bir evro 100 sentga bo'lingan. Evroning rasmiy belgisi €, ISO kodi esa EUR. Tsent uchun rasmiy belgi yo'q.

Ushbu umumiy valyutadagi barcha banknotalar va tangalar barcha mamlakatlarda qonuniy to'lov vositasidir, faqat ayrimlarida past nominalli tangalar (bir va ikki tsent) bekor qilinadi. Banknotlar mamlakatlar bo'ylab bir xil ko'rinishga ega, tangalar esa teskari tomonida standart umumiy dizaynga ega bo'lib, ularning qiymatini ifodalaydi va old tomonda milliy mamlakatga xos dizaynga ega. Shuningdek, old tomonda esdalik tangalarining turli xil dizaynlari uchun foydalanilgan. Old tomonning dizayni tanga ishlatilishiga ta'sir qilmaydi.

Euro banknotes

Lithuania adopted the euro as its currency on 31 December 2015, replacing the litas (plural litai yoki litų). The old currency was converted to euros at a fixed exchange rate of 1:3.45280 Lt. You can exchange the old currency at the central bank indefinitely.

Tips

5% is the standard tipping amount, but in some cases the 5% tip is already included in service charge.

Xarid qilish

Lithuania has a lot of shopping malls for such a small population. There is no big difference between shopping malls here and in western Europe.

Vilnius has become a shopper's paradise when plenty of massive shopping centres were opened all over the city. Akropolis (a chain of shopping malls in Lithuania) is one of them and definitely worth visiting if you are a shopping malls maniac, as it houses an ice skating rink, bowling lanes and a cinema. The largest shopping centers are Akropolis and Panorama.

Gariunai is the Baltic's largest open air market, located on the western edge of Vilnius. Thousands of merchants can be found there on a good weekend, from not only Lithuania, but also from as far away as Ukraine. Clothes, shoes, music and software can be bought there. Counterfeit goods are ubiquitous. A low price is guaranteed, quality is not.

Kaunas is also a city of shopping centers, and Laisvės avenue in the center of the city is a pedestrian thoroughfare. The main shopping centers in Kaunas are: Akropolis, Mega, Molas, Savas, HyperMaxima, and Urmas shopping area. There is even that symbol of "mall culture", which is new to Lithuania, Akropolis.

Klaipeda is a major shopping center for people from Latvia and Kaliningrad. The main shopping centers are: Akropolis, Arena, Studlendas and BIG. Many people coming to the city on cruise ships shop in Klaipeda, due to the good value and price combination.

Yemoq

Cepelinai

Lithuanian dinners usually include meat, potato, vegetables and sometimes a curd sauce of some sort. Case in point: the cepelinai, or zeppelins, which are meat filled potato-starch based zeppelin-shaped masses traditionally slathered in a sauce of sour cream, butter, and pork cracklings. Pork is traditionally eaten, beef much less so. Vegans will have a hard time eating out, although some large restaurant chains will have vegetarian dishes on the menu.

Some fast food in Lithuania, such as Kibinai (from the Karaim people) small turnovers usually filled with spiced lamb, and Cheburekai (a Crimean Tatar snack), large folds of dough with a scant filling of meat, cheese, or even apples, can be found around the city.

Many restaurants have menus in English (usually in the Lithuanian menu) and to a lesser extent, Russian. Though use caution as sometimes menus in other languages may have inflated prices, although this is a rarity, and won't be found in Vilnius, or the better known chains such as Cili Pizza.

While in Lithuania, one should try these national dishes: appetizers - Piršteliai prie alaus - thin, rolled-up puff pastries served with beer; main courses: Cepelinai (or didžkukuliai) su spirgučiais - potato balls with meat (about €3.20); Vėdarai - a sausage, made of a potato stuffed intestine of a pig (about €3); Skilandis - pig stomach stuffed with meat, garlic and cold-smoked; Plokštainis - meal of potatoes (€2.30–4); Bulviniai blynai (grated potato pancakes) with different sauces; Virtinukai - curd patties; Kastinys - soft sour cream butter; Šaltnosiukai - dumplings filled with lingonberries; Fish - pike or perch, is often baked whole or stuffed, or made into gefilte fish (various prices); Silkė - marinated, baked, fried or served in aspic herring; soups - Šaltibarščiai (a summer soup based on beets and soured milk), Juka (blood soup) or Cabbage soup flavored with carrots, ham, onions. Ruginė duona (dark rye bread) is very advisable to try with soups. Lithuanian cuisine is also famous for wide use of wild berries, mushrooms, and cheese. Honey and poppy seeds are commonly used as filling in pastries. For desserts, try Žagarėliai - twisted, thin deep-fried pastries dusted with powdered sugar or Spurgos - a Lithuanian variant of doughnuts, often filled with preserves.

Ichish

Traditional beer (alus) from Rozalimas, northern Lithuania, for sale in Vilnius

Lithuania is a pivo-drinking country, with the most famous brands being Svyturys, Kalnapilis, Utenos, Volfas Engelman and Gubernija. A visit to a kiosk will show that there may be more than 50 different brands of beer in this small country. Alcohol percentages are displayed on the label, and usually range from 4–9.5%. Compared to other European countries, beer is usually affordable, in shops €0.50–1 per half litre, in bars €0.75–2 per half litre. The beer tastes excellent, putting global brands to shame and it can be said that Lithuanian lager is of at least equal quality to Czech, Slovak, German and Polish lager. A request for a Lithuanian beer always generates goodwill, even in a Chinese or other foreign-themed restaurant.

When you visit a bar or restaurant without intending to eat, try one of the bar snacks, which are very popular among Lithuanians. The most popular of these snacks consists of a bowl of pieces of garlic bread covered in cheese.

In addition to beer, rather cheap but high quality aroq (or "degtinė" in Lithuanian) is consumed, but not to the extent usually associated with this part of the world. Also, every region has its own home-made speciality of which "Samane" is most famous or notorious and is best avoided. The larger supermarkets have an incredible variety of vodka from all the main vodka-producing countries.

Lithuanian mead, or "midus" is a beverage produced exclusively under government control. It is commonly made from various types of Lithuanian flora, from leaves and berries to some tree bark. Alcohol content range from 10–75% (considered medicinal).

For tourists, quality sparkling wines, such as Alita or Mindaugas, and local liqueurs are popular choices to bring back home.

Alcohol cannot be sold in shops 20:00–10:00, but can be purchased in bars, cafes and restaurants.

In shops and cafés different tea and coffee qualities are widely available. The selection in coffee ranges from northern European brands to French ones. In coffee houses, you should expect to pay up to €1.50 for your coffee. Some cafés offer also a variety of special coffees with more or less special prices. Many cafes (kavinės) still make "lazy" coffee, which is simply coffee grounds and boiling water, unfiltered, with grounds at the bottom of the cup, often surprising the drinker - ask before you buy. Tea is usually sold at 50% of the price of coffee. Some of the wonderful drinks such as the Marganito are great for fun filled party drinks and rated one of the top kinds of wine in the country, perfect for weddings.

Unlike restaurants, or pubs aimed at tourists, bars (Baras) may be frequented by heavy drinkers and can therefore be somewhat rowdy. Nevertheless a visit may still be very rewarding, especially if you accept an invitation to participate in karaoke.

Smoking is banned in cafés, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, discothèques and other public establishments. However, many nightclubs have internal smoking rooms, which have a degree of ventilation.

Uyqu

Night in Vilnius

The price of accommodation depends very much on the place. For instance, in Joniškis (Northern Lithuania), you can get a good hotel room for €25 whereas an equivalent room might be as much as €100 in Vilnius. Some hotels do not have home pages. Nevertheless, the Internet helps considerably in planning.

Throughout the country, homestays, sleeping "with the grandmother", are typical. On main street of a town there are many elderly townsfolk offering spare beds in their extra rooms. These experiences are worth seeking out.

If you want to rent the apartment, the prices will be usually from €200 a month. In the biggest towns there are companies which rent apartments "to the long-time tourist or working here". In these you complete on good conditions the apartment furnished and cleaned by the cleaner. From €300.

If you are looking for an apartment for a shorter period (from a few days onwards), do a Web search for "trumpalaikė butų nuoma". This will give you some portals or sites of companies, though not all of them are available in English – some are, however, available in other languages such as German, Polish or Russian.

You will find the hotels of every town on their own interleaves. However, remember that this is the service maintained by the volunteers and you should not wait for current prices let alone that there would be all the possibilities listed.

An interesting accommodation alternative is a countryside accommodation or an own cottage. Countryside.lt offers the shining catalog for accommodation alternatives and you find nearly all the countryside targets and a reservation system from there.

Most large cities such as Vilnius yoki Kaunas have an abundance of hotel options. When traveling to a popular vacation spot in the summer (like Palanga yoki Druskininkai) make sure to book a room in advance because demand may outnumber supply. Additionally, some of the cafes on the main highways between cities also have rooms to rent.

Learn

Lithuania has one of the best educational systems in the world. Many universities participate in student exchange programs. Most popular international university in Lithuania is LCC International University yilda Klaipeda. The best universities of Lithuania are Vilnius University (Vilniaus Universitetas), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas) and Kaunas University of Technology (Kauno Technologijos Universitetas).

In Kaunas there is the biggest technical university, KTU, in the country and a medical university LSMU (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), sports academy LKKA, music and theatre academy LMTA, agriculture university ASU and multidisciplinary University of Vytautas Magnus, VDU.

Klaipeda and Siauliai also has its own universities. In the country several lower educational institutions which go with the name kolegija (engl a college) also are found.

The course supply hangs very much from the university and there also are somewhere programmes for English. However, pay attention to the fact that Lithuania's official language is Lithuanian and in the law it has been prescribed that the Lithuanian student has a right to study in Lithuanian in Lithuania. Especially all the courses of the candidate level will be thus in Lithuanian and in the Master of Arts programmes in English the bulk of the courses is in English. Depending on the rules of the university the courses must have a certain number of foreign students attending before the lectures need to be in English (this concerns courses announced to be held in English) and if this limit is not exceeded, the lecturer may lecture, if desired, in Lithuanian.

The grading system in Lithuania is generally 1-10 in which 5-10 correspond to the accepted performances. The local students usually have to keep their average very high and still a higher one in order to get the scholarship in order to guarantee free studies. There is no financial aid for studies.

Work

There are now many work options in Lithuania. One seldom manages working life without control of the language, therefore basic working knowledge of Lithuanian is highly recommended. You may get by with Russian or, to an increasing extent, English, although your mileage may vary.

Any EU national can work and live freely in Lithuania. However, EU nationals spending more than 90 days over an 180-day period in Lithuania need to obtain a residence title (teisės Lietuvos Respublikoje gyventi pažymėjimas or just TLRGP). This document is issued to any EU national who can provide proof of a valid health insurance (in the form of a European Health Insurance card) and a source of sufficient income (the amount is determined based upon individual circumstances). It can be applied for at Migracijos departamentas (Department of Migration). Upon obtaining the residence title, registering your residence with the municipality of residence is mandatory within a month. This requires proof, such as a rental contract, the landlord’s signature on the declaration form or an extract from the land register proving your ownership. Not all immigration officials are familiar with the procedures for EU nationals (which are much less stringent than those for non-EU nationals), therefore ask if you have doubts.

Non-EU nationals need a residence permit and a registered address for working.

The Migration Department provides its services in Lithuanian, English and Russian. Visits require registration through the web site, which is also where you can indicate what language you would like to communicate in.

As of 2021, workers in Lithuania pay 20% income tax (up to € 400/month are exempt from taxes for workers earning less than approx. € 2700/month) and 19.5% for health and unemployment insurance. Web sites such as Atlyginimo skaičiuoklė provide an exact breakdown.

Workers are required by law to undergo periodic health inspections if they are under 18, work shifts or during night hours, or if their workplace exposes them to certain risk factors. The latter is the case even for office jobs (risks being eye strain and carpal tunnel syndrome).

Xavfsiz bo'ling

In general, Lithuania is a safe country. But you should take basic safety measures:

• Take care when visiting potentially dangerous neighbourhoods at night. After dark it is safer to walk along main roads, than to take a short cut through a park or apartment complex, as these areas often have very poor lighting. Take a taxi if you are afraid of possible encounters. A thing to watch out for is bicycle theft, and it is advisable not to leave valuable things in your car.
• As in other Eastern European countries, public displays of affection between same-gender partners such as holding hands or kissing may result in a confrontation from an onlooker. Suspicion of homosexuality may also cause problems.
• Members of ethnic minorities, (particularly those of African descent), may experience some form of racism. This is not tolerated by the authorities and racist attacks are rare. However non-whites might be stared at by locals, especially in rural areas. More often than not this can be out of pure curiosity rather than malice. The issue of race relations, the history of slavery and civil rights are relatively unknown. That said, the presence of several Afro-American basketball players in the Lithuanian league does help and means that racism is perhaps not as big a problem as other eastern European countries.
• Haydash in Lithuania is considered dangerous according to European standards. Lithuania's rapidly expanding economy has lead to an increase in traffic density, thus accident rates are high. As a pedestrian, take great care when crossing the roads, as pedestrian crossings are widely ignored. When driving be careful of aggressive, quickly going and irresponsible drivers. It's better to pass them even if they are flouting rules. Keep in mind that traffic police could be corrupt. Mind the forest roads, collisions with wildlife animals can easily occur.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Agar bitten by a dog, wild animal or a snake, seek medical attention immediately. Snakes are not venomous in Lithuania, except for the European Viper (angis) whose bite only rarely is lethal though quite painful. A dog (šuo) or cat (katė) bite can carry the risk of rabies. Mosquitoes (uodai) carry no disease and are only an annoyance in the summer months. A forest tick (erkė) bite carries the risk of Lyme disease or encephalitis.

Tap water is suitable for drinking in many parts of Lithuania. In other areas, local people prefer to purchase bottled water or to run tap water through water filters. If you need to buy bottled water, a 5-litre bottle is not much more expensive than a one-litre bottle. Where in doubt about the tap water, seek local advice.

Mineral water is also offered in restaurants, cafés and shops, although it's a bit more expensive than tap water. Some popular brands are Birutė and Vytautas.

Respect

Pre-Christian Baltic Sun and the Moon cross at the top of wooden monument. Christian and pagan traditions are very intertwined in Lithuanian culture.

Lithuanians are a Baltic nation; however, it's common for tourists to mistakenly think that they are in any way connected with the Russians.

Lithuanians form their own distinct Baltic ethnic group and speak their own language (Lithuanian), which is one of the oldest Indo-European languages, belonging to the Baltic (not the Slavic) branch of Indo-European languages. Although the Baltic and Slavic groups are thought to have a small degree of deep linguistic semblance, this would at most make the Lithuanian language as similar to the Russian, as the Italian to the English. For this reason, any attempt to relate to the Lithuanian language from the Slavic languages will obviously not be successful, and any attempt to continually do it may become both annoying for the Lithuanians, and embarrassing for you.

It is a notoriously difficult language to master, but learning how to greet locals in their own language can go a long way. They will appreciate your efforts in Lithuanian.

Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union from the end of World War II until 1990. Because of wartime occupations by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century, the Soviet Union in the 20th century and the territorial disputes with Poland in the early 20th century, conversations revolving around disputes with neighboring countries are not a good idea for those not from the region. Be careful when mentioning Lithuania in the context of the former USSR. Any praising of Soviet practices is very unlikely to be understood or appreciated by the Lithuanians. World War II and the Holocaust are also very touchy subjects to many Lithuanians.

Lithuanians may appear at times nationalist. Ethnic identities and local traditions might be taken very seriously. The history of the country is rife with invasions and confrontations. It is best to avoid superficial comments on sensitive topics such as World War II, Nazi occupation, Soviet rule.

Lithuanians may appear sad, depressive (suicide rates in Lithuania are among the highest in the world), a little bit rude and suspicious. Smile at a Lithuanian in the street and most likely they will not respond in kindness. Smiling in Lithuania is traditionally reserved for friends; smile at a stranger and they will either think you're making fun of them and there's something wrong with their clothes or hairdo. Furthermore, an automatic Western smile is often regarded as insincere.

Women in the entire former USSR area are traditionally treated with respect. Female travellers should not act indignant when local male friends pay their bills at restaurants, open every door in front of them, offer their hand to help them climb down that little step or help them carry anything heavier than a handbag - this is not sexual harassment or being condescending.

Ulanmoq

Land line phones

There is a monopoly operator for land line phones: TEO (it now belongs to "TeliaSonera AB"), a subsidiary of Sweden (Telia) and Finland (Sonera). Land line phones are easy to find throughout the country. Phones are used with cards, which you can find in kiosks, "TEO" or newspaper stands.

Mobile phones

There are three major mobile phone operators in Lithuania: Telia, BITE and TELE 2. About 97% of the country's surface is covered by the standard European GSM 900/1800 MHz network, the remaining 3% are non-walkable forests.

Mobile internet for travellers

Lithuania is the first country to introduce 'EU Internet' solution which offers cheap mobile internet for visitors. When visiting Lithuania you can enjoy fast local 3G mobile internet without changing your SIM card. All you have to do is follow these simple steps to unlock mobile internet and stay connected:

1. manually set mobile network to 'BITE'
2. set your APN to 'euinternet'
3. turn mobile data and data roaming on
4. open http://go.cheapdata.com^{[o'lik havola]} & select preferred connection period

Detailed setup instructions can be found at cheapdata.com^{[ilgari o'lik havola]}

Eith 'EU Internet' on you can access Google Maps free of data roaming fees. While using Cheap Data services, no data roaming fees will apply. Keep in mind that Cheap Data solution works with EU SIM cards.

International calls

To call abroad from Lithuania:

• From a land line phone: 00 Your Country Code The Number Abroad
• From a mobile phone: Your Country Code The Number Abroad

To call to Lithuania from abroad, dial the Lithuania country code, 370, then the number, as if calling from a domestic mobile phone.

International and roaming calls are expensive. To reduce your bill you can:

• Buy "phone cards" for international calls
• Talk over the Internet

Internet

If you're bringing a laptop, Wireless LAN Hot-Spots are available in distinct places (mostly "Zebra" from - TEO), sometimes free, otherwise not very cheap. Best chances of finding one are at airports, railway stations, in cafés, shopping malls, universities, various places. You can ask in your hotel, but be prepared to pay. For those who need to connect at an Internet cafes, major cities do have internet cafes. You can get free wireless Internet in Kaunas main pedestrian street, Laisvės Alėja. Download speed reaches 26.2 Mbit/s, while upload speed is 16.8 Mbit/s. The internet service that provide such speeds are not free.

With your mobile phone you can use: CSD, HSCSD, GPRS or EDGE, but the cost may be unattractive. UMTS is only available in some bigger cities. If your phone is not SIM-locked, you may consider purchasing a pre-paid SIM card designed for data access.

If you want to communicate with your friends or locals using internet, you'll need two programs Skype or ICQ. The most popular chatting program is Skype, all of which can be used in English as well. The most popular social websites is ONE.lt, second popular (over 600,000 users) is Facebook. Myspace is not widely used.

Post office

If you see the sign "Lietuvos paštas" on a storefront, please do not walk in expecting to find and eat noodles. It is actually the post office where you can mail letters and packages.