 | COVID-19 ma `lumot: Avstraliya, Kuk orollari va Niyue aholisi uchun Yangi Zelandiyaga karantinsiz kirish taqiqlangan. Boshqa barcha mamlakatlarning aholisi kelgandan keyin kamida 14 kun davomida boshqariladigan izolyatsiyaga yoki karantinga (MIQ) o'tishlari kerak. Joylar cheklanganligi sababli, kirish Yangi Zelandiya fuqarolari va aholisi va tasdiqlangan muhim ishchilar (va ularning farzandlari va sheriklari) uchun cheklangan va sizning MIQ joyingiz oldindan yozib qo'yilgan bo'lishi kerak. Yangi Zelandiya COVID-19 ning mahalliy uzatilishini bekor qildi. Biroq, yangi epidemiya xavfi saqlanib qolmoqda, shuning uchun ba'zi joylarda profilaktika choralari hanuzgacha amal qilmoqda. Yangi Zelandiya hukumati pandemiya bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlarni onlayn manzilda topishingiz mumkin covid19.govt.nz |
| (Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil 21-aprelda yangilangan) |
Yangi Zelandiya (Maori: Aotearoa) dunyodagi eng go'zal mamlakatlardan biri, ajoyib va xilma-xil tabiiy go'zallik mamlakati: qirg'oqli tog'lar, yaylov yaylovi, tik fiordlar, toza alabalıklar bilan to'ldirilgan ko'llar, jahldor daryolar, manzarali plyajlar va faol vulqon zonalari. Ushbu orollar kakapo va kivi kabi boshqa hech qaerda uchmaydigan qushlar yashaydigan noyob bioregionni tashkil qiladi. Yangi zelandiyaliklar kivini milliy ramz sifatida qabul qilishdi va hatto bu so'zni qabul qilishdi kivi o'zlari uchun nom sifatida.
Orollarda aholi zich emas, Janubiy orolda Shimoliy orolga qaraganda kamroq, ammo ularga osonlikcha o'tish mumkin. Mamlakatda zamonaviy rivojlangan mehmonlar uchun qulayliklar va transport tarmoqlari mavjud. Yangi Zelandiya tabiatga tez-tez sarguzasht tusini qo'shadi. Bu sayoz daralar orqali reaktiv qayiqning o'ziga xos uyi, shuningdek, hayajonga soladigan balandlikdan sakrab tushadigan quyoncha.
Maori madaniyati kundalik hayotda va millatning o'ziga xos xususiyatlarida muhim rol o'ynamoqda. Yangi Zelandiya hukumati va korporativ maori ramziy ma'nolariga to'la. Tarixni anglash va boshdan kechirish uchun tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun keng imkoniyatlar mavjud va Maori hayotining bugungi shakllari.
Mintaqalar
Yangi Zelandiya juda xilma-xil mamlakat bo'lib, ko'plab mintaqalarni ko'rishga arziydi, ammo uni yuqori darajada ikki asosiy orollari va kichik dengizdagi orollari bo'yicha sindirish oson.
| Shimoliy orol Qumli plyajlardan tortib to g'ildirakli qishloq xo'jaligi erlari va o'rmonlar orqali ko'pikli loy hovuzlari bo'lgan faol vulqon cho'qqilarigacha bo'lgan manzaralari bilan yumshoq iqlim. |
| Janubiy orol Ajoyib tog'lar va fyordlar, katta olxa o'rmonlari, chiroyli plyajlar, yirik muzliklar, mototsikl makkalari. |
| Styuart oroli Tabiiy o'rmon bilan qoplangan va qushlar dunyosida juda ko'p bo'lgan orolning aksariyati milliy bog'ni tashkil qiladi. |
| Chatam orollari Sharqdagi olis orollar, Moriori xalqining an'anaviy uyi. |
| Subantarktika orollari Ekspeditsiya kemalari mehmonlarni subantarktika florasi va hayvonot dunyosini ko'rish uchun ushbu uzoq va odam yashamaydigan orollarga olib boradi. |
Yangi Zelandiya shohligi ham o'z ichiga oladi Kuk orollari, Niue, Tokelau, va Ross qaramligi yilda Antarktida. Garchi ushbu yo'nalishlar Yangi Zelandiya bilan davlat boshlig'i bilan bir xil monarxga ega bo'lsa-da va ularning fuqarolariga Yangi Zelandiya pasportlari berilgan bo'lsa-da, ular o'zini o'zi boshqaradi va immigratsiya rejimlari, iqlimi va madaniyati har xil. Shunday qilib, ular bu erda emas, balki alohida maqolalarda ko'rib chiqiladi.
Shaharlar
- 1 Vellington - Parlament va asalarichilik uylari joylashgan ajoyib poytaxt Te-Papa muzeyi va milliy poytaxt
- 2 Oklend - sharqiy va g'arbiy qirg'oq portlari bo'lgan Yelkanlar shahri, 1,4 million kishilik eng yirik shahar va barcha katta shahar taklif qiladi.
- 3 Christchurch - Garden City, Janubiy orolning eng yirik shahri, 2011 yil fevral oyida sodir bo'lgan dahshatli zilziladan keyin har doim rivojlanib boradi.
- 4 Dunedin - janubning Edinburgi, bundan faxrlanaman Shotlandiya merosi, Janubiy Albatros koloniyasi va uning markaziy biznes tumanidan qisqa masofada joylashgan ajoyib tramvay yo'llari
- 5 Xemilton - Mooloo regbi maskoti joylashgan Oklenddan janubdagi qudratli Vaikato daryosi bo'yidagi boy va serhosil Вайkatoning bargli markazi.
- 6 Napier - Art Deco me'morchiligining dunyodagi eng yaxshi kontsentratsiyalaridan biri, sharob mintaqasi sifatida tanilgan va o'g'irlik qilayotganlar burniga yaqin bo'lgan gannet koloniyasi va yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasi
- 7 Nelson - rivojlanayotgan san'at madaniyati, mahalliy mahsulotlarni ta'kidlaydigan turli xil oshxonalar, hunarmandchilik pivo ishlab chiqarish, Yangi Zelandiyaning eng quyoshli soatlari bilan va ajoyib qirg'oq va tog 'manzaralari bilan o'ralgan, uchta ajoyib milliy bog'lar, uzumzorlar va bog'lar.
- 8 Qirolicha - dunyodagi adrenalin va sarguzashtlar poytaxti, bu erda siz chang'i uchishingiz, pog'dod bilan sakrashingiz, dovonga sakrashingiz, jet-qayiqda yurishingiz va o'zingizni mamnun etishingiz mumkin.
- 9 Rotorua Maori madaniyati va geotermik faoliyati, shu jumladan geyzerlar, maftunkor qaynoq loy hovuzlari va chiroyli issiq suv havzalari va buloqlari bilan mashhur.
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
Yangi Zelandiyada ko'plab milliy bog'lar, qishloq joylari va tashrif buyurishga arzigulik boshqa joylar mavjud. Mana, eng zo'rlaridan bir nechtasi.
- 1 Abel Tasman milliy bog'i - oltin qumli plyajlar, baydarka va Abel Tasman qirg'oq yo'llari
- 2 Aoraki tog'i Kuk milliy bog'i - ko'plab sayr qilish imkoniyatlari va Yangi Zelandiyaning eng baland tog'i
- 3 Orollar ko'rfazi - Shimoliy orolda tarixiy ahamiyatga ega go'zal joy
- 4 Koromandel yarim oroli - Oklenddan atigi bir yarim soat narida juda ko'p sayohlarni va yurish imkoniyatlari bilan mustahkam qirg'oq
- 5 Marlboro - mamlakatning eng yirik vinochilik mintaqasi
- 6 Milford Sound - Fiordland milliy bog'idagi go'zal fiord
- 7 Taupo - markaziy Shimoliy orolda alabalık baliq ovlash va sarguzasht faoliyati
- 8 Tongariro milliy bog'i - uchta vulqon, ikkita skifilding va mamlakatdagi eng mashhur sayohatlardan biri
- 9 Vestlend milliy bog'i - Frants-Yozef va Fox muzliklarining uyi
Tushuning
 | |
| Poytaxt | Vellington |
| Valyuta | Yangi Zelandiya dollari (NZD) |
| Aholisi | 5,1 million (2020 yil) |
| Elektr | 230 volt / 50 gerts (AS / NZS 3112) |
| Mamlakat kodi | 64 |
| Vaqt zonasi | UTC 13:00, UTC 12:00 |
| Favqulodda vaziyatlar | 111 |
| Haydash tomoni | chap |
| Wikidata-da tahrirlash | |
Yangi Zelandiya mahalliy aholi orasida tobora ko'proq tanilmoqda Maori tili va Yangi Zelandiyada ingliz tili, kabi Aotearoa, ko'pincha "uzun oq bulutli mamlakat" deb tarjima qilingan. Dastlab Aotearoa faqat Shimoliy orolni nazarda tutgan.
Ikki asosiy orol rasmiy ravishda nomlangan Shimoliy orol / Te Ika-a-Maui va Janubiy orol / Te Vaypunamu. Te Ika-a-Maui "Maui baliqlari" degan ma'noni anglatadi; afsonada, Shimoliy orol - dengizdan boshi janubga qarab, xudo Maui tomonidan tortib olingan ulkan baliq. Ba'zan Vellingtonni chaqirishadi te upoko o te ika (baliq boshi ") va bir marta har oyda bir marta chaqiriladigan jurnal bilan maqtanishgan Fishhead. Te Vaypunamu "yashil toshlar" degan ma'noni anglatadi; greenstone - bu janubiy oroldan topilgan nefrit jade va maori xalqi tomonidan juda qadrlanadi. Janubiy orol uchun muqobil (ammo norasmiy) maori nomi Te Vaka-a-Maui (Maui kanoesi).
Geografiya
Yangi Zelandiya ikkita asosiy oroldan (Shimoliy orol va Janubiy orol) va Janubiy Tinch okeanidagi ko'plab kichik orollardan 1600 km (1000 milya) janubi-sharqdan iborat. Avstraliya. Mamlakat 268,000 kv km (103,500 sqm) ni egallaydi, bu nisbatan kattaroqdir Birlashgan Qirollik va AQSh shtati bilan bir xil o'lchamda Kolorado (ingichka va uzunroq bo'lsa ham). Janubiy orol - bu ikkita asosiy orolning kattaroq qismi (150.400 kv km va 113.700 kv km) va ba'zida Shimoliy Orol aholisining uchdan bir qismiga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, ba'zan "materik" deb nomlanadi.
Yangi Zelandiya Tinch okeanining yong'in halqasida, Tinch okeani va Avstraliya tektonik plitalari atrofida joylashgan. Plitalar chegarasi g'arbiy Janubiy orolni kesib o'tib, Alp tog'lari yorig'ini hosil qilib, orol uzunligining asosiy qismini tashkil etuvchi asosiy tog 'tizmasi bo'lgan Janubiy Alp tog'larini keltirib chiqaradi. Natijada, Yangi Zelandiyada vulkanik va geotermik faollik vatani bo'lib, zilzilalarga ham moyil.
Mamlakat uzoq va tor, qarg'a uchib ketayotganda dengizdan 130 km (80 mil) uzoqlikda nuqta yo'q. Eng shimoliy shaharchadan janubgacha avtoulov orqali 2100 km - masofaga teng Vankuver ga Los Anjeles, yoki dan Bryussel ga Malaga.
Yangi Zelandiya bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun etarli vaqt ajratganingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Har bir orolda kamida uch yoki to'rt hafta davomida sayohat qilish foydalidir, garchi siz juda oz vaqt ichida diqqatga sazovor voqealarni ko'rishingiz mumkin. Yo'llar qirg'oq bo'ylab va tog 'tizmalari orqali, ayniqsa Janubiy orol. Christchurch xalqaro aeroportida olib borilgan saylov uchastkalarida ko'plab xalqaro mehmonlar o'zlarining tashrifidan munosib zavq olishlari kerak bo'lgan vaqtni kam deb hisobladilar.
Iqlim
Umuman olganda, Yangi Zelandiyada mo''tadil dengiz iqlimi bor, yozi iliq, qishi salqin va yil davomida muntazam yog'ingarchilik bo'ladi. To'rt fasl bor, yozi dekabr-fevralda, qishda esa iyun-avgustda (shimoliy yarim sharning teskarisi). Mamlakat geografiyasi Oklendning subtropik shimolidan tortib Otago markazidagi kontinental va yarim quruqgacha bo'lgan 10 ga yaqin iqlim mintaqalarini yaratadi.
Yangi Zelandiyaning shimoli-sharqiy-g'arbiy o'qi bo'ylab joylashgan tog 'tizmalari kuchli g'arbiy shamollar uchun to'siq bo'lib xizmat qiladi - ko'pincha qirqir qirqinchi deb nomlanadi. Tog'larga urilgan nam havo yuqoriga ko'tarilib sovitiladi, namlik yomg'ir kabi g'arbga qarab orqaga tushadi. Natijada, mamlakatning g'arbiy yarmida o'rtacha yog'ingarchilik ko'proq va sharqiy yarmida o'rtacha yog'ingarchilik kam. Ushbu effekt Janubiy Alplar bilan Janubiy orolda eng aniq ko'rinadi: the G'arbiy Sohil yiliga 2000-7000 mm yomg'ir yog'adi, qirg'oq bo'yi esa Canterbury va Otago sharqda atigi 500-800 mm. Boshqa joylarning ko'pi yiliga o'rtacha 600 dan 1600 mm gacha oladi. Mamlakatning shimoliy va markaziy qismlarida odatda yozda quruqroq bo'ladi; janubiy qismlarda, odatda qishda quruqroq bo'ladi.
Yozda har kuni eng yuqori harorat 17 ° C dan 25 ° C gacha. Qishki har kuni eng yuqori harorat 7 ° C dan 16 ° C gacha, kechasi esa -3 ° C dan 8 ° C gacha. Eng issiq harorat odatda ikkala orolning shimolida va sharqida, eng sovuq harorat odatda ikkala orolning ichki qismlarida va janubiy Janubiy orolda uchraydi. Quyosh nurlari soati qirg'oq bo'yida eng yuqori Mo'l-ko'l Bay, Nelson Bays va Marlboro.
Qor asosan mamlakatning tog'li hududlarida va ba'zi ichki hududlarda yog'adi, vaqti-vaqti bilan qish paytida tog 'dovonlari va baland yo'llarni yopib qo'yishi mumkin. Janubiy orolning sharqiy va janubiy qismlarida 1-2 yilda bir marta qor dengiz sathiga tushishi mumkin. G'arbiy Janubiy orolda va qirg'oqdagi Shimoliy orolda qor kamdan-kam uchraydi; Vellingtonda o'rtacha 40-50 yilda bir marta dengiz sathiga qor tushadi. Mamlakatning beg'ubor hududlari, ayniqsa markazda, Kuk bo'g'ozi va Vellington atrofida ozgina shamol olishi mumkin.
Yangi Zelandiyada ob-havo juda o'zgaruvchan, hatto yozda ham siz to'rt mavsumni bir kunda qabul qilishingiz mumkin. Ob-havoning ogohlantirishsiz yomg'irdan yomg'irga (va aksincha) o'zgarishiga tayyor bo'ling. Metservis oldindan o'n kunlik ob-havo ma'lumotlariga ega.
Tarix
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Yangi Zelandiya odamlar tomonidan joylashtirilgan so'nggi yirik quruqlik edi. Bu uning kech Evropadagi mustamlakasi, geologik yoshligi va geografik izolyatsiyasi bilan birlashganda, aholisi yaxshi sayohat qilgan va bilimli yosh, baquvvat millatning rivojlanishiga olib keldi. Yangi Zelandiyada tug'ilgan har to'rtinchi odam (22 yoshdan 48 yoshgacha bo'lgan har uchdan biri) chet elda yashaydi.
Polineziyalik Maori milodiy 1280 yillarga kelib Kuk orollari hududidan ko'chib o'tib, Yangi Zelandiyani joylashtirdi. "Nieuw Zeeland"1645 yildayoq, Abel Tasmanni qidirib topgandan so'ng, 1645 yildayoq Gollandiyaning xaritalarida paydo bo'lgan (uning nomi, tasodifan, Tasmaniya deb nomlangan); kartograflar mamlakatni Gollandiyaning provinsiyasi nomi bilan nomlashgan. Zelandiya. Ehtimol, boshqa Evropalik kashfiyotchilar Yangi Zelandiya borligini XIV asr o'rtalarida bilgan bo'lishlari mumkin. Kapitan Kuk 1769 yilda asosiy orollarni qayta kashf etdi, aylanib chiqdi va xaritasini tuzdi.
Ba'zi muhrchilar, kitlar, savdogarlar va missionerlar keyingi 80 yil ichida joylashdilar, ko'pchilik mahalliy maori xalqining qattiq qarshiligiga duch keldi. 1840 yil fevralda ingliz missionerlari va maori boshliqlari zamonaviy Yangi Zelandiyaning asos soluvchi hujjati hisoblangan Vaytangi shartnomasiga kelishdilar. Shartnoma maorilarga o'z erlariga va mol-mulklariga doimiy egalik qilishni kafolatladi va ularga Britaniya tojiga suverenitetni topshirish evaziga ingliz sub'ektlarining huquqlarini taqdim etdi. O'sha yili yanada intensiv aholi punktlari boshlandi. Dastlab mustamlakasiga qo'shilgan Yangi Janubiy Uels, 1841 yilda Yangi Zelandiya ajralib chiqib, alohida mustamlaka tuzdi. Vaytangi shartnomasida bir qator tarjima xatolari bo'lganligi va uning ingliz va maori tillarida turli xil so'zlar bo'lganligi aniqlandi (masalan, ingliz tilida "suverenitet", ammo Maori versiyasida "boshqaruv" deb yozilgan), Maori va Buyuk Britaniya toji o'rtasidagi kelishuvni talqin qilish bilan bog'liq muammolar kelib chiqmoqda. 1843-1872 yillarda sodir bo'lgan bir qator er urushlari, siyosiy manevralar va Evropa kasalliklarining tarqalishi bilan birga Maorining erlarni joylashishiga qarshilik ko'rsatishini buzdi, ammo uzoq muddatli shikoyatlarni qoldirdi. O'shandan beri Yangi Zelandiya hukumati maorilarning uzoq yillik shikoyatlarini ko'rib chiqishga intildi, ammo bu murakkab jarayon bo'lib, hozirgi kungacha davom etmoqda.
1882 yilda kema Dunedin sovutilgan go'shtni Yangi Zelandiyadan Angliyaga birinchi muvaffaqiyatli etkazib berishni yakunladi. Keyingi 90 yil davomida Britaniya orollarini go'sht, jun va sut mahsulotlari bilan ta'minlash Yangi Zelandiya iqtisodiyotining asosini tashkil etdi. 1893 yil 19 sentyabrda Yangi Zelandiya ayollarga ovoz berish huquqini bergan dunyodagi birinchi (zamonaviy) mamlakat bo'ldi.
Oltita ingliz mustamlakalari tashkil topganida Avstraliya 1901 yilda Yangi Zelandiya federatsiyaga qo'shilishni tanladi. Buning o'rniga, Yangi Zelandiyadagi Britaniya mustamlakasi 1907 yilda alohida o'zini o'zi boshqaradigan Britaniya dominioniga aylandi. 1931 yilgi Vestminster statutiga binoan unga to'liq mustaqillik taklif qilindi, garchi buni 1947 yilgacha qabul qilmagan bo'lsa ham. Yangi Zelandiya Buyuk Britaniyaga harbiy yordam ko'rsatdi. 1899–1902 yillardagi Boer urushi va ikkala Jahon Urushida ham Ittifoqchilarning urush harakati doirasida. Xalq urushlarda ham qatnashgan Malayziya, Koreya, Vetnam va Afg'onistonva bir nechta tinchlikparvarlik harakatlarida. Biroq, Yangi Zelandiya Qo'shma Shtatlar, Buyuk Britaniya va Avstraliya kurash olib borgan ikkinchi Iroq urushidan chetda qoldi.
1973 yilda Buyuk Britaniya Evropa Iqtisodiy Hamjamiyatiga qo'shilganda, Yangi Zelandiya o'zining asosiy savdo sherigidan mahrum bo'ldi va milliy iqtisodiyot kelajakni noaniq kutib oldi. Keyinchalik, mamlakat 1990-yillarning o'rtalariga qadar davom etgan yirik iqtisodiy islohotlarni amalga oshirdi, qo'shni Avstraliya bilan iqtisodiy aloqalarni kuchaytirdi va Tinch okeanining chekka bozorlariga eksportini diversifikatsiya qildi.
Yangi Zelandiya Konstitutsiyasi to'g'risidagi qonun 1986 yilda ham Yangi Zelandiya, ham Buyuk Britaniya tomonidan qabul qilingan bo'lib, Britaniya parlamenti Yangi Zelandiya uchun qonunlarni qabul qilishi kerak bo'lgan har qanday qoldiq kuchga barham bergan bo'lsa ham, Britaniya qirolichasi tayinlangan (Yangi Zelandiya) bilan davlat rahbari bo'lib qolmoqda. General-gubernator uning Yangi Zelandiyadagi vakili sifatida.
Ko'plab Yangi Zelandiyaliklar yadro qurollarini sinovdan o'tkazishga va ulardan foydalanishga qat'iy qarshi chiqdilar. Yangi Zelandiya Frantsiyaning Mururoa atollidagi yadroviy sinovlariga qarshi chiqdi, Frantsiyaning maxfiy agentlari Greenpeace kemasini bombaladilar Rainbow Warrior 1985 yil Iyulda Oklendga joylashtirilgan edi. Qo'shma Shtatlar tashrif buyuradigan kemalarida yadro qurollari bor-yo'qligini e'lon qilishdan bosh tortishi hukumatni 1987 yilda Yangi Zelandiya hududiy suvlaridan olib chiqishni taqiqlashga olib keldi. Bunga javoban AQSh Yangi Zelandiya oldidagi majburiyatlarini to'xtatdi AQSh-Avstraliya-Yangi Zelandiya qo'shma mudofaa ittifoqi ostida. O'shandan beri AQSh bilan mudofaa munosabatlari muzdan tushdi va 2016 yilda AQSh dengiz kuchlari kemasi (USS esminetsi) Sampson) Yangi Zelandiya suvlariga deyarli 30 yil ichida birinchi marta kirishga ruxsat berildi.
Siyosat
Yangi Zelandiyaning siyosiy tizimi asosan Britaniyaning Vestminster tizimiga asoslangan bo'lib, ba'zi bir istisnolardan tashqari, faqat bitta qonunchilik palatasiga ega - mamlakat 1951 yilda yuqori palatasini bekor qildi.
Yangi Zelandiya parlamenti har uch yilda bir marta saylanadigan 120 kishilik Vakillar palatasidir aralash a'zolar mutanosibligi (MMP) ovoz berish tizimi. Hukumat boshlig'i bosh vazir bo'lib, u odatda hukumatni tuzayotganlar orasida eng yirik siyosiy partiyaning etakchisi hisoblanadi. 2020 yildan boshlab Yangi Zelandiyada to'rtta asosiy siyosiy partiyalar mavjud: markazchi-o'ng Milliy partiyasi, markazchi-chap Leyboristlar partiyasi, ekologist Yashillar partiyasi va liberalist ACT partiyasi.
Ijro etuvchi hokimiyat - bu Vazirlar Mahkamasini Vakillar Palatasi a'zolari orasidan tayinlaydigan Bosh vazir boshchiligidagi Vazirlar Mahkamasi. Yangi Zelandiya Oliy sudi sud filialini boshqaradi va 2004 yilda Buyuk Britaniyaning Maxfiy Kengashidan ushbu vazifani olganidan beri eng yuqori apellyatsiya sudi bo'lib xizmat qilmoqda.
Qirolicha Yelizaveta II mamlakat monarxi va davlat boshlig'i bo'lib, uning Yangi Zelandiyadagi vakili sifatida tayinlangan general-gubernator. Konstitutsiyaviy monarx sifatida qirolicha va uning general-gubernatori roli asosan tantanali bo'lib, hukumatda eng katta vakolatni bosh vazir egallaydi.
Yangi Zelandiya 1893 yil 19 sentyabrda ayollarga ovoz berish huquqini bergan dunyodagi birinchi zamonaviy mamlakat edi. Ammo 1919 yilgacha ayollarga parlamentga saylanish huquqi berilmagan va bu Yangi Zelandiyadan 1933 yil oldin bo'lgan. uning birinchi ayol deputati bor edi. Birinchi ayol bosh vazir 1997 yilda tayinlangan.
Milliy hukumat ostida Yangi Zelandiya 16 mintaqaga, alohida 65 shahar va tumanlarga bo'lingan. Mintaqalar fizik geografiyaga, shaharlar va tumanlar inson geografiyasiga asoslanganligi sababli ba'zi tumanlar ikki yoki undan ortiq mintaqalarga bo'linadi. Beshta shahar yoki tuman (Oklend, Gisborne, Marlboro, Nelson va Tasman) unitar hokimiyatdir - ular ham viloyat, ham shahar / tuman. Bundan tashqari, Yangi Zelandiya bilan erkin aloqada bo'lgan bir nechta Tinch okean orollari hududlari mavjud; Boshqacha qilib aytganda, ular o'zlarining ichki ishlariga nisbatan o'zini o'zi boshqaradilar, ammo ularning fuqarolari Yangi Zelandiya fuqarolari bo'lib, ular Yangi Zelandiya dollarini o'z valyutasi sifatida ishlatishda davom etmoqda va Yangi Zelandiya o'zlarining tashqi ishlari va mudofaasi uchun javobgar bo'lib qolmoqda.
Odamlar
- U aha te mea nui o te ao? U tangata, u tangata, u tangata. (Dunyodagi eng muhim narsa nima? Bu odamlar, odamlar, odamlar.)- maori maqol
Yangi Zelandiyada 2020 yil iyun holatiga ko'ra taxminan 5,08 million kishi istiqomat qiladi. 1,19 millionga yaqin kishi Janubiy orolda, qolgan qismi Shimoliy orolda yashaydi. Vayxek oroli, Oklend sohilidagi Hauraki ko'rfazida, 9700 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladigan eng olis dengizdagi orol. Umuman olganda mamlakat kam sonli bo'lib, har kvadrat kilometrga o'rtacha 18 kishi to'g'ri keladi. Mamlakat juda urbanizatsiyalashgan: shahar va shaharlarda yashovchi aholining 86,5% va mamlakat aholisining yarmidan ko'pi to'rtta eng yirik shahar hududlarida yashaydilar: Oklend (1 535 000), Vellington (412 000), Kristchurch (397 000) va Xemilton (236 000) .
Buyuk Britaniyaning sobiq mustamlakasi va 1987 yilgacha bo'lgan millatning immigratsiya siyosati evropalik, shimoliy amerika va avstraliyalik fuqarolarga ustunlik berganligi sababli Yangi Zelandiya aholisi asosan evropadan kelib chiqqan. Umuman olganda, aholining to'rtdan uch qismi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yoki bilvosita Evropadan kelib chiqqan bo'lib, mahalliy Maori katta ozchilikni tashkil qiladi, Yangi Zelandiyaliklarning oltidan bir qismi Maori ajdodlarini da'vo qilmoqda. Bundan tashqari, ayniqsa Oklend hududida va ozroq darajada Vellington hududida muhim Osiyo va Polineziya guruhlari mavjud. Yangi Zelandiyaliklarning 11% atrofida bir nechta etnik guruh mavjud bo'lib, Evropa-Maori eng keng tarqalgan kombinatsiya hisoblanadi.
Xristian bo'lishni da'vo qilayotganlar soni Yangi Zelandiyada tobora kamayib bormoqda, chunki Osiyodan immigratsiya ko'paygan va o'zlarini dinsiz deb da'vo qilganlar soni ko'paygan. 2013 yil holatiga ko'ra, aholining taxminan 49% xristianlar, 6% xristian bo'lmagan dinlarga ergashadi, 42% dinsiz va 4% o'z dinlarini bildirishga qarshi.
Vaqt zonalari
Yangi Zelandiya dunyoning aksariyat qismida etakchilik qilmoqda, vaqt oqilona!
The Chatam orollari, Yangi Zelandiyaning bir qismi, lekin Kristchchurchdan 800 kilometr (500 mil) sharqda Chatham Islands Standard Time (CIST) vaqtini o'n ikki soat qirq besh daqiqa qo'shib, Umumjahon Umumiy Vaqtga (UTC) olib keldi va natijada UTC 12:45. UTC-dan 45 daqiqalik o'sish bilan boshqa yagona rasmiy vaqt zonasi Nepal. Ning Line orollari Kiribati; Tonga va Samoa UTC-dan oldingi vaqt zonalari.
Yangi Zelandiyaning asosiy orollari Grinvich vaqtidan 12 soat oldinda (UTC 12 = NZST = Yangi Zelandiya standart vaqti) va Tinch okeani standart vaqtidan (PST) 20 soat oldin.
Yozni tejash (UTC 13 = NZDT = Yangi Zelandiyaning yozgi vaqti) sentyabr oyining oxirgi yakshanbasida boshlanadi va aprel oyining birinchi yakshanbasida tugaydi.
Bayramlar
Yangi Zelandiyadagi milliy bayramlar:
- 1 yanvar: Yangi yil kuni.
- 2 yanvar: Yangi yil bayrami.
- 6 fevral: 1840 yilda Vaytangi shartnomasi imzolangan kunni nishonlaydigan Vaytangi kuni.
- Fisih dam olish kunlari: mart yoki aprel oylarida to'rt kunlik uzoq dam olish kunlari (G'arbiy nasroniylik sanalariga ko'ra belgilanadi) Yaxshi juma, Pasxa yakshanbasi, Pasxa dushanba kuni va oraliq shanba (rasmiy ta'til emas). Aksariyat do'konlar yaxshi juma va Pasxa yakshanba kunlari yopiq qolishlari kerak.
- 25 aprel: Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya armiyasi korpusining qo'nish kunini nishonlaydigan ANZAC kuni Gallipoli 1915 yilda. Aksariyat do'konlar soat 13:00 gacha yopiq turishlari kerak.
- Iyun oyining birinchi dushanbasi: Qirolichaning tug'ilgan kuni.
- Oktyabr oyida to'rtinchi dushanba: Mehnat kuni.
- 25 dekabr: Rojdestvo kuni. Ko'pgina do'konlar yopiq qolishi kerak.
- 26 dekabr: Boks kuni.
Mamlakatning har bir qismining o'ziga xos xususiyatlari bor Yubiley kuni ommaviy bayram. Yubiley kunlari 1876 yilgacha bo'lgan viloyat chegaralariga asoslangan bo'lib, ular bugungi mintaqaviy chegaralarga to'g'ri kelmaydi. Ularning eng ko'p kuzatilganlari Oklendning yubiley kuni, bu 29-yanvarga yaqin dushanba kuni Shimoliy orol tomonidan shimolda (va shu jumladan) kuzatiladi Taupova Vellingtonning yubiley kunidushanba kuni Buyuk Vellington va Manawatu-Wanganui mintaqasining aksariyat qismida 22-yanvarga yaqin. Oklend yubileyini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ko'proq odamlar (2,5 million) kuzatayotgan bo'lsa, Vellingtonning yubileyini ko'proq odamlar bilvosita kuzatadilar, chunki barcha hukumat idoralari va elchixonalari Vellingtonda joylashgan. Har bir mintaqaning sahifasida uning yubiley kuni sanalari batafsil yoritilishi kerak.
Ta'lim vazirligi barcha davlat va davlat integratsiyalashgan maktablar uchun o'quv yilini belgilaydi (barcha maktablarning 96,5%). O'rta maktab o'quvchilari (13-18 yosh) odatda yozgi ta'tilga dekabr oyi boshida imtihonlarni tugatgandan so'ng tushishadi, boshlang'ich sinf o'quvchilari (5-12 yosh) dekabr o'rtalarida. Talabalar yanvarning oxiri yoki fevralning boshlarida maktabga qaytadilar. Har biri ikki haftalik uchta muddatli tanaffuslar mavjud - biri aprelda (odatda yaxshi juma kuni boshlanadi), biri iyulda, biri sentyabr / oktyabrda. Uchinchi darajali talabalar odatda fevral oyining oxiri yoki mart oyining boshlarida boshlashadi va noyabr oyining boshlarida tugashadi, iyun-iyul oylarida uchdan to'rt haftagacha qishki ta'til, Pasxada va yarim hafta oxirida bir yarim haftalik tanaffuslar bilan. Avgust.
Gapir
- Shuningdek qarang: Ingliz tilidagi navlar, Maori tilidagi so'zlashuv kitobi
Ingliz tili - Yangi Zelandiyaning asosiy tili, bu erda 96-98% aholi gaplashadi. Ingliz tili a amalda boshqa til bilan bir qatorda rasmiy til de-yure rasmiy tillar: Maori (maori), mahalliy maori xalqining tili va Yangi Zelandiya imo-ishora tili (NZSL), karlar jamoasining tili.
Yangi Zelandiya ingliz tilida ingliz tilidagi imlo qoidalari va lug'at tanloviga amal qilinadi, shuningdek, maoriy tilidan olingan ko'plab mahalliy jargon so'zlar va so'zlarni o'z ichiga oladi va Oksford lug'atining o'z versiyasini asoslash uchun etarlicha ajralib turadi. Yangi Zelandiya aksenti asosan rotik emas (ya'ni unlilardan keyin r ovozi eshitilmaydi), faqat janubiy orolning pastki qismida, rostik "Southland burr" talaffuzi saqlanib qolgan, mintaqaning dastlabki kunlarida Shotlandiya immigratsiyasi yuqori bo'lgan. Yangi Zelandiya aksentidagi boshqa aksanlarga nisbatan eng sezilarli farq bu qisqa-i (to'plamdagi kabi) va qisqa-e (kiyinishdagi kabi) tovushlarning aniq siljishi; short-i siljidi va schwa (a in vergul) bilan birlashdi, short-e esa short-i tovushi joyiga o'tdi. Yana bir sezilarli farq - bu Yangi Zelandiya ayiq-pivo birlashish, shuning uchun "havo" va "quloq", "ayiq" va "pivo", "stul" va "xursandchilik" va "peri" va "parom" kabi so'zlar talaffuzi bilan bir xildir, bu esa misli ko'rilmagan odam haqida g'alati hazilga sabab bo'ladi. Oltin toshlar.
Yangi zelandiyaliklar ma'lum bir joy "shimoliy orolda" emas, balki "shimoliy orolda" yoki "janubiy orolda" (masalan, "Oklend shimoliy orolda"). Bu faqat ikkita asosiy orolga tegishli; Masalan, yangi zelandiyaliklar "Vayxek orolida" deyishadi.
Maori (maori) Maori va til o'rganuvchilarning ozchilik qismi (2013 yilgi aholi ro'yxatiga olingan Yangi Zelandiya aholisining 3,7% va Maorining taxminan 11-20%) tomonidan ravon gapiradi, shimolning shimoliy va sharqidagi ma'ruzachilarning eng katta konsentratsiyasi mavjud. Orol. Yangi Zelandiya bo'ylab bir qator maori va ikki tilli maori-ingliz maktablari mavjud va ingliz tilidagi o'rta maktablarning aksariyati maori tilini o'rganish tili sifatida taqdim etadi. Bundan tashqari, Maorida efirga uzatiladigan bepul televizion va radiokanallar ham mavjud. Ko'p sayohatchilar maori tilini o'rganishga hojat qolmaydi, chunki mahalliy maori ma'ruzachilari ingliz tilida ikki tilli. Shunga qaramay, Maorining Yangi Zelandiyadagi joy nomlariga ta'siri katta bo'lganligi sababli maori talaffuzini bilish foydali bo'lishi mumkin va hatto maori tilini bilmaydigan mahalliy aholi maori so'zlarini qanday talaffuz qilishni bilishadi - garchi ba'zi joy nomlari ikkita talaffuzga o'xshaydi: "to'g'ri" "biri va mahalliy aholi tomonidan umumiy foydalaniladigan. Maorining yangi zelandiyalik bo'lmaganlarga talaffuzi bilan eng katta sayohat wh, bu otada bo'lgani kabi "f" deb talaffuz qilinadi, masalan Whatane talaffuz qilinadi fa-ka-ta-nee, emas va-ka-ta-nee. Maori tili bugungi kunda rivojlanib bormoqda va tobora maori bo'lmagan millat vakillari uni ikkinchi til sifatida o'rganmoqdalar, hatto maorilarning an'anaviy kutib olish marosimida qatnashish uchun etarli bo'lsa ham. maree.
Yangi Zelandiya imo-ishora tili (NZSL) 2005 yilda rasmiy til sifatida maqomga ega bo'lgan va Yangi Zelandiyaning karlar jamoasining asosiy tili bo'lib, Yangi Zelandiya aholisining taxminan 0,5% bu bilan "gaplashmoqda". Bu ingliz imo-ishora tili va avstraliyalik imo-ishora tili bilan chambarchas bog'liq bo'lib, ular bilan 80% belgilarni va bir xil ikki qo'lli alfavit bilan bo'lishadi. Biroq, NZSL mimika va og'zaki so'zlarga ko'proq e'tibor qaratadi, bu tarixiy ravishda karlar maktablarida qo'llanilgan og'zaki o'qitish uslublarini aks ettiradi (1979 yilgacha karlar o'quvchilari darsda imzo chekgani uchun jazolangan). Shuningdek, unda Yangi Zelandiyaga tegishli maori so'zlari va joy nomlari kabi qo'shimcha noyob belgilar mavjud.
Yangi Zelandiya dunyoning turli burchaklaridan, xususan Osiyo va Tinch okean orollaridan kelgan muhojirlar uchun mashhur joy bo'lib, siz ko'pincha o'z tillarida gaplashadigan immigrantlar jamoalari joylashgan hududlar va shahar atroflarini topasiz. Yangi Zelandiya aholisi tomonidan eng ko'p tarqalgan rasmiy bo'lmagan tillar samoa (2,2%), hind (1,7%), mandarin (1,3%), frantsuz (1,2%) va kanton (1,1%) hisoblanadi. Ko'plab yangi zelandiyaliklar chet tilini maktabda o'rganishadi, ammo ozchiliklari uni asosiy darajadan yuqori darajada o'zlashtiradilar.
Umumiy iboralar
Odatda, Yangi Zelandiya inglizcha iboralari Britaniya inglizchasiga ergashadi. Shu bilan birga, Yangi Zelandiya ingliz tili ham Maoridan juda ko'p qarz oldi va boshqa joylarda tez-tez uchramaydigan yoki mehmonni chalg'itishi mumkin bo'lgan bir qator boshqa iboralar mavjud.
- Bax (bakalavrdagi kabi "partiya" deb talaffuz qilinadi) - Dam olish uyi; ko'pincha plyajda va juda oddiy turar joylardan iborat. Janubiy Janubiy orolda ko'pincha a deb nomlangan beshik.
- Sut mahsulotlari - xizmat ko'rsatish do'koni, burchak do'koni; bir nechta begona odamlar chet elga sayohat qilishda muammolarga duch keladigan va sut mahsulotlari qaerdaligini so'rab hayron bo'lgan mahalliy aholi tomonidan juda ko'p ishlatilishini tushunishadi. Bu atama supermarketlardan oldin sut mahsulotlari (sut, pishloq, sariyog 'va boshqalar) sotiladigan kunlardan kelib chiqadi. Bugungi kunda ko'plab sut zavodlari hindistonlik muhojirlarga tegishli va ular tomonidan boshqariladi.
- Oltin (yoki kumush) tanga (xayr-ehson) bilan kirish - Tadbir, ko'rgazma, galereya yoki muzeyga kirish uchun to'lov tanga uchun tegishli metalga, ko'pincha eshik oldida joylashgan xayriya qutisiga to'lash orqali amalga oshiriladi. NZdagi oltin tangalar 1 va 2 dollarlik tangalar, kumushlar esa 20 va 50 v tangalar, 10 v tanelilar esa misdir. (Quyidagi "Koha" ga ham qarang).
- Yorqin vaqt - moslashuvchan ish vaqti, ko'pincha davlat xizmatchilari tomonidan ishlaydi. Ushbu tizim asosida ishchilar o'zlari tanlagan soat 07: 00-18: 00 da boshlashlari va tugatishlari mumkin, ammo ular soat 09: 00-12: 00 va 14: 00-15: 30 va o'rtacha 40 soat ishlashlari kerak. haftasiga. Hozir bu qadar tez-tez eshitilmaydi.
- Yarim pirog yoki yarim pay - Odatda ish yoki topshiriq qoniqish bilan bajarilmaydi (Maor.) pai = yaxshi)
- Jandallar (= JApanese saNDALS) - dunyoning aksariyat qismiga "flip-flop"; avstraliyaliklarga "tanga"; Janubiy Afrikaliklarga "qiyaliklar".
- kivi - Yangi Zelandiyalik uchun taxallus yoki Yangi Zelandiyadagi biror narsa uchun sifat, mamlakatning milliy gerblaridan biri bo'lgan, yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan qush nomidan. Kamsitadigan atama emas.
- Lollies - qandolat mahsulotlari; shirinliklar; shakarlamalar.
- Idish - oziq-ovqat (odatda plastik) idish, vann.
- Tog'lar - suzish kiyimi, cho'milish kostyumi, suzish kostyumi; suzishga borganingizda kiyadigan kiyimingiz.
- Tramping - piyoda yurish.
Slang iboralari
Agar siz Yangi Zelandiyada Kivi jargonidan foydalansangiz, g'alati ko'rinishga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin, ammo u bexabar suhbatda ishlatilishi mumkin. Agar tushunmasangiz, shunchaki so'rang va Yangi Zelandiyaliklarning aksariyati tushuntiradi.
- ariq bo'ylab - Avstraliya. Xandaq Yangi Zelandiya va Avstraliyani ajratib turuvchi Tasman dengiziga ishora qiladi (qarang: suv havzasi Shimoliy Amerika va Evropa o'rtasida)
- Barbi - Barbekyu uchun qisqa
- Aka ("qor" bilan qofiyalangan) - qisqa aka, kabi shaxsiy manzil shakli turmush o'rtoq, do'stim, yoki kurtak.
- Bush - O'rmon. Odatda plantatsiya o'rmonidan farqli o'laroq mahalliy o'rmonni anglatadi.
- jo'jalar - qizlar.
- Tanlov! - Ajoyib, ajoyib.
- Gumboots - A.K.A. Vellington botinkalari yoki yomg'ir botinkalari
- yalpiz - eng yaxshi holatda.
- Mate - erkak yoki ayol har qanday boshqa shaxs. O'z-o'zidan etkazib berish asosida bir qator turli xil his-tuyg'ularni ifodalash uchun foydalanish mumkin. Qisqa "Mate" salgina bosh va qosh ko'tarish bilan tabriklashi mumkin, uzoqroq "Maaaaaate" esa boshning xo'rozlashi va ko'zning qisilishi bilan qorishtirish sifatida qaralishi mumkin.
- tozalangan - singan, shikastlangan, yaroqsiz. Faqatgina 2011 yilda Christchurch zilzilasidan so'ng (asosan shaharning yarmini yoqib yuborgan) ommalashgan.
- oi - hey. Ogohlantirish yoki hazil tarzida ishlatilishi mumkin, pankdan foydalanishdan kelib chiqadi.
- Shirin! - Ajoyib, yaxshi narsa, muammo yo'q. Ko'pincha qisqartirilgan "shirin". Sifatida ba’zan boshqa sifatlardan keyin jargon sifatida juda ishlatiladi: cheap as - very cheap.
- Wop-wops - chekka qishloq hududi; joyning o'rtasi
Maori so'zlari va iboralari
- Shuningdek qarang: Maori tilidagi so'zlashuv kitobi
- Haere mai - Kelayotgan odamga salom. Haere ra kimdir ketishi bilan xayrlashish.
- Hui - an'anaviy maori uslubidagi masalalarni muhokama qilish va muhokama qilish uchun yig'ilish yoki yig'ilish.
- Ivi - Maori qabilasi yoki xalqi, ba'zan a waka (canoe), as some iwi are named after the ocean-going canoes that brought their ancestors to New Zealand.
- Kai - Food. Commonly used by both Māori and European.
- Kia ora - Hello, welcome, literally good health. Often used as an utterance of agreement, especially during speaking at a hui.
- Koha - A gift or donation. Often an exchange of gifts takes place at gatherings. Sometimes admission signs say, "Entry Koha", meaning gold coin or what you feel like donating.
- Mana - Defined as authority, control, influence, prestige or power. It is also honour.
- Marae - A traditional Māori meeting or gathering place. Also a community centre.
- Pākehā - New Zealander of European descent. Widely used, including by non-Māori, who see the name as part of their unique New Zealand identity. Some New Zealanders however don't like the term and don't refer to themselves as Pākehā.
- Pāua - Abalone to the rest of the English-speaking world.
- Pōwhiri - A Māori ceremonial welcome. Especially to a marae, but now also may take place at the start of a conference or similar large meeting in New Zealand.
- Tangi or tangihanga – a funeral, especially one conducted to traditional Māori rites. (tangi means to weep or mourn)
- Whānau - A Māori (extended) family. Kinfolk. Used often in advertising to alliterate with friends such as 'friends and whānau'.
- Wharekai (literally food house) is the dining room and/or kitchen on a marae.
- Wharenui (literally big house) is the meeting house on a marae.
- Wharepaku (literally small house) - Toilet; Tāne is the mens', Wāhine is the womens'.
Chiqinglar
Passports, visas and documentation
 | Visa restrictions: Entry is refused to holders of travel documents issued by Somalia. |
Minimum validity of travel documents
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Visa-free entry
| Eslatma: From 1 October 2019, a New Zealand electronic travel authorisation (NZeTA) is required for all visitors (except for New Zealand and Australian citizens) entering New Zealand on a visa waiver. You will not be able to board your aircraft/ship to New Zealand without an NZeTA. |
Foreign nationals of the following countries and territories are eligible for a visa waiver and can stay in New Zealand visa-free as a visitor for up to 3 months: All European Union member states, Andorra, Argentina, Bahrain, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong SAR (including British National (Overseas) passports), Iceland, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Norway, Oman, Qatar, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Janubiy Koreya, Switzerland, Taiwan, Uruguay, United Arab Emirates, United States va Vatican City. Nationals from the United Kingdom (British citizens and other British passport holders who produce evidence of the right to reside permanently in the UK) are eligible for a visa waiver and can stay in New Zealand visa-free as a visitor for up to 6 months. Entry under a visa waiver does emas permit employment or studying in New Zealand.
Citizens and permanent residents of Australia are entitled to reside in New Zealand indefinitely under the Trans-Tasman Travel Agreement. Australians entering New Zealand are granted a resident visa on arrival and can study and work in New Zealand without restriction, they may also vote in elections and claim some tax and social security benefits after a stand-down period.
Citizens of the Cook Islands, Tokelau va Niue are New Zealand citizens. However, due to differing immigration laws, citizens of these countries need to present a New Zealand passport when entering and leaving New Zealand.
To enter or transit New Zealand on a visa waiver, foreigners need to complete a New Zealand electronic travel authorisation (NZeTA). This will cost you $9 (via app) or $12 (via website) depending on the application method, and the authorisation is valid for two years. Australian citizens don't need an NZeTA, but permanent residents of Australia who are not citizens do need it.
Most visitors will also need to pay a $35 International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) at the same time they apply for the NZeTA. Citizens of most Oceanian countries and permanent residents of Australia are exempt.
All these visa waivers, including the one for Australians, can be refused. In particular, potential visitors who have a criminal record or who have been refused entry to or deported from any country should check with Immigration New Zealand if they need to apply for a visa. You may also be refused entry for health reasons, especially if you have tuberculosis (TB) or are likely to inflict large costs on New Zealand's health system during your stay (e.g. you need renal dialysis, hospitalisation or residential care). If you are pregnant and going to be in New Zealand beyond 37 weeks, you may need to prove that you have sufficient funds (NZ$9,000 or more) to cover maternity costs before being allowed to enter.
Visas
Visitors from countries not in the visa-free list or those wishing to stay longer than the maximum visa-free period for their nationality need to apply for an appropriate visa. Check the Immigration New Zealand web page for details.
If you require a visa to enter New Zealand, you might be able to apply for one at a British embassy, high commission or consulate in the country where you legally reside if there is no New Zealand diplomatic post. For example, the British embassies in Belgrade va Tripoli accept New Zealand visa applications. British diplomatic posts charge £50 to process a New Zealand visa application and an extra £70 if Immigration New Zealand requires the visa application to be referred to them. Immigration New Zealand can also decide to charge an additional fee if they correspond with you directly.
If you seeking entry as a visitor and this standard condition is not specifically waived by a visa, you must have a return ticket or evidence of onward travel to even check-in with airlines. If you don't, then you'll have to purchase a ticket before being allowed to check in. You also need to prove you have sufficient funds available for your time in New Zealand – NZ$1,000 per month, or $400 per month if your accommodation is pre-paid (proof of payment is required in the latter case).
For those who need visa and are travelling in a group (having the same travel plans and itinerary), it may be better to apply for the considerably cheaper group visas. While applying for such a visa, apart from individual application forms, a separate group visa application form (only one form for the entire group) should also be submitted.
Refugee applications should be made before arrival since New Zealand has a formal refugee induction programme. Those who turn up in an airport arrival lounge without papers, claiming refugee status, may find themselves in jail awaiting the outcome of legal proceedings.
Customs and quarantine
| Eslatma: New Zealand strictly enforces biosecurity laws. Visitors should obey all biosecurity rules scrupulously. |
New Zealand has very strict biosecurity laws. Being a long way from anywhere else in the world, many pests and diseases that are endemic elsewhere are not present in New Zealand. A significant proportion of the economy is based on agriculture, so importing even small quantities of food, unprocessed animal or plant materials is tightly controlled. These restrictions are designed to prevent the introduction of foreign diseases and pests.
At ports of international entry, both the Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) and New Zealand Customs Service will inspect passenger baggage and confiscate and fine for any prohibited items. Do not think you can get away with bringing items in surreptitiously by not declaring them; all passengers will be questioned and all baggage will be x-rayed and/or opened as part of standard entry procedures, and random inspections by sniffer-dogs will take place. There are amnesty bins available before the checkpoint to dispose of banned goods. If you unintentionally fail to declare controlled items, you will be given an on-the-spot fine of $400; if you deliberately smuggle in controlled items, you can be fined up to $100,000 and/or be jailed for up to 5 years. You can also be deported and banned from New Zealand.
The best advice is to declare any item you think may cause problems — biosecurity control border staff may confiscate and destroy the item, but you will not have to pay a fine (or be deported). Even if you haven't declared an item on your arrival card, you can still advise staff when you get to the border check of any item without incurring a fine.
Items that must be declared include:
- any kind of food, regardless of whether it's cooked, uncooked, fresh, preserved, packaged or dried.
- any animal product, material or biological specimen
- any plants or plant material
- any animals
- any equipment used with animals, plants or water (e.g. gardening, beekeeping, fishing, water sport, diving)
- any items that have been used for outdoor or farming activities, such as footwear, tents, camping, hunting, hiking, golf and sports equipment.
All food must be declared to customs, even if the food items are permitted. Commercially-packaged or processed food is usually allowed through by MPI, but you can still be fined if you do not declare them. Take care with any items of food that you have obtained during your travel; many people have been caught and fined for not declaring fruit they were given as part of an in-flight meal. If you are unsure it is best to declare any questionable items as the immigration officers will be able to tell you if it needs to be cleaned or disposed of before entry. Some items may be allowable such as wooden souvenirs but be taken for sterilisation or fumigation before being released to you. You may be charged a fee for this.
Anti-money laundering and countering finance of terrorism (AML/CFT) laws requires you to make a declaration to customs if you are bringing NZ$10,000 or more, or its equivalent in foreign currency, in or out of the country. There are no restrictions on the amount of money that may be brought into or out of New Zealand provided the money is properly declared. Failure to declare could lead to arrest and a possible seizure of the cash.
In addition, importation or possession of most recreational drugs, including cannabis, is illegal and results in arrest. If found guilty, you would be subject to a range of penalties from hefty fines for minor offences to lengthy imprisonment, even life imprisonment, for larger offences.
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New Zealand is a long way from any other country, so nearly all travellers get there by plane. Flight time from the Australian east coast is 3–4 hours, Southeast Asia 10–11 hours, the North American west coast 13–15 hours, and the Middle East a thrombosis-causing 17–18 hours. Travelling by plane from European destinations takes 24–26 hours, and involves at least one stopover in either Asia or the Americas.
Auckland (AKL IATA) is the primary entry point, and the main hub for flag carrier Air New Zealand. More than 20 airlines connect Auckland Airport with more than 35 destinations in Australia and the South Pacific, eastern Asia, North America, Santiago (Chile), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Dubai and Doha.
Christchurch Xalqaro aeroport (CHC IATA) is the main secondary entry point, with flights to and from eastern Australia, Fiji, Singapore, Dubai (via Sydney) and Guangzhou, and seasonal services to and from Hong Kong, Perth and Taipei (via Melbourne). Smaller international airports at Wellington, Dunedin va Queenstown primarily offer services to and from eastern Australia. If you fly through Australia, make sure you have a transit visa if you need one. You won't be able to get on your flight otherwise.
| COVID-19 information: As of 29 July 2020, many flights are not operating due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but flights to Auckland are being operated by Air New Zealand from Brisbane, Sydney, Los Angeles and Singapore; by China Eastern from Shanghai; by Emirates from Dubai; and by Singapore Airlines from Singapore (to Christchurch as well as Auckland). |
| (Information last updated 29 Jul 2020) |
Qayiqda
A small percentage (1.5%) of passengers enter New Zealand via boat. Cruise ships regularly visit New Zealand between October and April. Most of these depart from Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane in Australia, taking three nights crossing the Tasman Sea to reach New Zealand.
Atrofga boring
By bus
Buses are a relatively cheap and environmentally friendly way to get around New Zealand. Services are usually only once a day, even between major towns. Most roads in New Zealand are quite narrow and winding (when compared to the highways of the USA), and travelling a long distance in a bus can be a safe and relaxing way to travel compared with driving yourself. Booking in advance can get you great bargains on some lines.
- Flying Kiwi Adventures. Trips range from 3 to 27 days and cover both main islands. The tours focus on enjoying outdoor beauty and excitement with numerous hiking, cycling and activity options. There are also options to take extended breaks in your favourite places. Discounts are available for holders of YHA, VIP, ISIC and NOMADs cards.
- InterCity. New Zealand’s national coach company, with services connecting over 600 destinations nationwide. InterCity Group has voluntarily adopted European Emission standards across its fleet of modern coaches. Operates the InterCity and Newmans lines, and a fleet of modern vessels and coaches for GreatSights New Zealand, Fullers GreatSights Bay of Islands va awesomeNZ. Tickets can be purchased from the InterCity ticket counters at bus stations or i-SITE information centres and a discount is given to students or youth-hostel membership card holders (e.g. BBH, YHA, Nomads, ISIC). Fares start from $1 (plus a booking fee) on all InterCity’s national services and they’ve even been known to give away free seats at various times of the year. A limited number of heavily discounted “Cheap-as-Seats” for travel that week are released via the company’s Facebook and Twitter feeds every Monday. Online fares are often sold at a cheaper rate.
- Travelpass. A pass offered by InterCity that brings together an extensive range of “hop on and off” fixed itinerary passes, based on the most popular touring routes throughout New Zealand. National passes include the Interislander ferry and a scenic boat cruise in Milford Sound. Passes are valid for 1 year.
- Flexi-Pass. Utilising the combined national networks of InterCity, Newmans and GreatSights, Flexi-Pass is sold in blocks of time, just like a prepaid phone card, and enables the holder to travel anywhere on the company’s network. Passes start at 15 hr, which is enough to travel from Auckland to Wellington in the North Island. Flexi-Pass hours can also be used to travel on the Interislander ferry and on Fullers GreatSights Bay of Islands Dolphin Watching cruises and tours to Cape Brett and the famous "Hole in the Rock". Passes can also be sold on to third parties and are valid for 1 year.
- Atomic Shuttles operate a no-frills shuttle service in parts of the South Island.
- West Coast Shuttle. Daily transport from Greymouth to Christchurch (via Arthur's Pass) and return at more affordable prices than some of the larger firms.
- Backpacker buses - KiwiExperience Backpacker Bus va Stray Travel Bus offer bus trips around New Zealand where you can get on and off as you please after purchasing a pass.
- Skip Bus operates express bus services across major cities in the North Island, like Auckland, Whangarei, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Wellington.
- Naked Bus and Mana Bus ceased operation in July 2018.
Samolyotda
Domestic flights in New Zealand can be expensive; some domestic flights can cost as much as a flight to Australia. However, flying often works out cheaper than driving or taking a train, especially when crossing between the North and South Islands.
Airlines operate an electronic ticket system. You can book on-line, by telephone, or through a travel agent. Photo ID will be needed for travel.
Check-in times are usually at least 30 minutes prior to flight departure, or 60 minutes if you're connecting to an international flight. Cabin baggage and personal scanning are routinely conducted for services from the major airports that have jet landings.
- Air New Zealand, ☏ 64 9 357 3000, Bepul: 0800 737 000. Has the most extensive domestic network, serving most cities over 20,000 people, with jet services between main centres and smaller turboprop aircraft elsewhere. Free baggage allowance is 1 piece of baggage weighing 23 kg on Grabaseat Bag, Saver and Flexi fares; standard Grabaseat fares don't include checked baggage. All fares include 7 kg carry-on baggage.
- Jetstar is a budget no-frills carrier that flies to Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Queenstown va Wellington. Don't be late for check-in – they are very strict about check-in close times.
Auckland, Christchurch, Queenstown and Wellington airports have timetabled buses to the airport. Regional airports generally have only on-demand shuttle services and taxis.
By motor vehicle
- Main article: Driving in New Zealand
You can reach most of New Zealand's sights in a two-wheel-drive car, motorcycle or even a small camper van. While public transport is usable in the cities of Auckland and Wellington, a car is almost essential to get around anywhere else.
Traffic drives on the left in New Zealand. The State Highway network connects major cities and destinations within the two main islands, and are indicated by a number inside a red shield. Motorways and expressways are generally only found near major cities, with most intercity driving done on undivided highways with one lane in each direction and limited overtaking opportunities. Be prepared to get caught behind slow-moving vehicles, and expect drivers behind you to become impatient if you drive slowly without a reason. If you are driving slowly and traffic builds up behind you, find a safe place to pull over and let them pass.
You can legally drive for up to 12 months if you are at least 18 years old and have a current full driving licence from your home country. It must be in English or you must have an approved English translation such as an International Driving Permit (IDP) to accompany it. You must carry your licence at all times when driving. All drivers and passengers must wear a seat belt, and children must be seated in an approved child restraint until their 7th birthday. Talking or using a mobile phone while driving is illegal.
Speed limits are generally 50 km/h in urban areas, and 100 km/h in rural areas and on motorways. A select few motorways and expressways have 110 km/h limits. Heavy vehicles and towing vehicles have a blanket maximum limit of 90 km/h. Being caught 40 km/h or more over the posted limit will result in a 28-day roadside suspension and most likely an appearance in court on dangerous driving charges.
The blood alcohol limit in New Zealand is 0.05% (0.00% if aged under 20). Checkpoints for breath screening tests are common, where a police officer will randomly pick a vehicle driver to undergo the test; refusing it will usually result in arrest. Being caught more than 0.03% over the limit will result in an appearance in court, which will result in at least 6 months disqualification from driving and a hefty fine.
Some petrol stations in major towns and cities are open 24 hours, with most other manned petrol stations closing by 10PM. There are 24-hour unmanned petrol stations around the country, which accept national and international debit/credit cards with a PIN; very rarely do these sites accept cash. Petrol prices vary by region: $1.90-2.15/L for regular unleaded petrol, and $1.30-1.45/L for diesel as of February 2019 (unlike petrol, diesel is not taxed at the pump and therefore the price is lower).
Electric vehicles make up around 0.25% of the vehicle fleet (as of September 2018), and there is a rapidly expanding network of fast charging stations across the country.
Campervan
- See also: Renting a motorhome in New Zealand
A campervan/motorhome provides considerable freedom and allows you to set your own schedule for travel around New Zealand by combining accommodation and transport. These practical vehicles are often equipped with two or more beds, a kitchenette, a shower and a toilet. They are generally suited for 2-6 people depending on the size.
Motorhome/campervan rentals are available in both the North Island and South Island. Some rental companies offer one way rentals so you can start and finish your travel in different locations. A minimum rental period is generally 5 days but can be up to 10 days during the peak season (especially Christmas/New Year).
Motorcycle
New Zealand is a motorbike rider's dream country! Rentals of many makes of motorcycles are available throughout New Zealand. The South Island is the main attraction for a motorcyclist and motorcycle tours base most of their time here. Remember to bring your full motorcycle licence from your home country; a standard car licence is not suffice to ride a motorcycle in New Zealand.
Rental
Car rental firms range from the familiar multi-national big brands through to small local car rental firms. The advantage of the big name rental firms is they can be found throughout New Zealand and offer the biggest and newest range of rental vehicles. The disadvantage is that generally they are the most expensive. Occasionally rental firms offer free rental in the direction from south to north due to the majority of tourists travelling in the opposite direction, creating a deficit of cars in the north.
At the other end of the scale are the small local operators who typically have older rental cars. Whilst you may not end up driving this year's latest model the advantage is that the smaller car rental firms can be substantially cheaper, so leaving you more money to spend on the many exciting attractions New Zealand offers. Between these extremes you will find a wide range of NZ car rental firms catering to different needs and budgets.
Other things to note are that most car hire firms require you to be 21 or over, hold a full licence and it will help if you have an international licence too. New Zealand rental vehicles may come with either a manual (stick-shift) or an automatic transmission; if you can't drive a manual, make sure to specify an automatic transmission vehicle in advance. If you have a licence from a non-English speaking country, you will be required to have an official translation of that document to rent a vehicle. If you don’t have one at the counter, some companies are able to refer you to a service at a cost of about $80 and a delay of 1 to 2 hours.
Some rental car companies do not allow their vehicles on the Cook Strait ferries between the North and South Island, or only allow them on if you promise to return them back to their originating island. If you do return a rental car on the wrong island, expect to be charged upwards of $500 to repatriate the vehicle. Most rental car companies will allow you to drop off a car at one terminal, travel on the ferry and pick up another car at the other terminal at no extra cost.
Self-drive holidays are a great way to travel around New Zealand as they offer independence, flexibility and opportunities to interact with the locals. A number of companies offer inclusive self-drive holidays with rental car & accommodation, pre-set itineraries or customised to suit your interests.
Purchase and sale
- Main article: Buying or renting a vehicle in New Zealand
If you want to have an extended holiday in New Zealand and you would prefer to have your own transport, it may be cheaper to buy a car or van and resell it just before leaving. If you use this method, travel across Cook Strait can be expensive. If purchasing a car for $500 or less it may be cheaper to buy and sell a car in each island separately. However, if you buy your car in Christchurch, tour the South island and then travel North to sell in Auckland, you can take advantage of the buyers market in Christchurch and the sellers market in Auckland and possibly even make a small profit. In addition to the usual ways to look for a car (newspapers, accommodation noticeboards, car markets etc.) New Zealand's biggest on-line auction website Trademe have many listings. You can also try the backpackers car market where there are usually people selling their cars off cheaply. Car auctions can also be a suitable option if you are looking to buy a car. Turner's Auctions have regular auctions and are based in many cities. Look out for "Repo" auctions, where the cars being sold are as a result of repossession. Should any previous ownership problems have existed, these will have been resolved before auction commences.
When you buy and sell a vehicle, you need to notify the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) and (if you are buying) pay the appropriate fee. It is very important to notify the NZTA if you are selling since this limits your liability for any subsequent costs (overdue licence fees, speed camera tickets, etc.). Other obligations as a vehicle owner include paying the licence fees ("rego") and having a current Warrant of Fitness (WoF). Diesel vehicles owners also have to pay Road User Charges (RUC) since diesel is not taxed at the pump. Third party insurance to cover your liability in an accident is not mandatory but is highly recommended. The Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) automatically covers you for personal injuries in car accidents (see Stay healthy below for more information).
By train
- Main article: Rail travel in New Zealand
Both Auckland and Wellington have commuter rail services. Auckland's network is managed by Auckland Transport, and has four lines spreading from Britomart station in the city centre to Swanson in the west, Onehunga in the southwest, Papakura and Pukekohe in the south, and Manukau in the south-east; there is no rail to the North Shore or to eastern Auckland. Wellington's network is managed by Metlink, and has four lines spreading north from Wellington station serving Wellington's northern suburbs, Porirua, the Kapiti Coast (as far north as Waikanae), Lower Hutt va Upper Hutt. A fifth service, the Wairarapa Connection, travels several times daily to Masterton ichida Wairarapa via Upper Hutt and the 8.8 km Rimutaka Tunnel.
Long distance passenger-rail services are slow and limited in New Zealand, and are largely used for tourism purposes rather than as actual practical travel options, with the bulk of New Zealand's rail traffic being used for freight transport.
Inter-city passenger services are operated by KiwiRail Scenic Journeys, with just a few popular tourist services that pass through spectacular scenery and have a running commentary, panoramic windows and an open-air viewing carriage.
- Northern Explorer (replaced the Overlander) – a modern train that now operates 3 days a week all year. It heads south from Auckland to Wellington on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays and in the opposite direction on Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. This is reckoned by many to be one of the world's most scenic rail journeys.
- Capital Connection – commuter service leaves from Palmerston North to Wellington in the morning, returning in the evening.
- Coastal Pacific – from Christchurch to Picton (via Kaikoura) and return daily. Travels along the rugged north-east coast of the South Island with terrific sea views. Meets the Picton–Wellington ferry. Oct–Apr only.
- TranzAlpine – from Christchurch to Greymouth and return daily. Classed as one of the world's great train journeys, this trip crosses the South Island, passing through spectacular mountain scenery, some of which is inaccessible by road, and the 8.5 km Otira Tunnel. Many visitors disembark at Arthur's Pass National Park and spend four hours exploring the mountains before catching the return train.
The online booking site maximises overseas revenue by only showing the cheapest fares when it detects that you are accessing it from a New Zealand IP address. You may be able to get these cheaper fares if you wait until you arrive or book by phone. Seating on the Capital Connection is on a first-come-first-served basis and cannot be booked in advance.
Trains run at low speed, no faster than 110 km/h and can drop to 50 km/h in the summer due to the lack of track maintenance following privatisation in the 1990s. Most New Zealanders prefer to drive or fly long distances, as train fares are comparatively expensive. However, if time is not an issue, going through New Zealand by train is well worth the price-tag as you get breathtaking views you wouldn't get from a car and can wander around the train while someone else does all the driving - benefits no other mode of transportation offers.
All long distance trains have a dining car and you can pre-order your food and have a look at the menu online.
Taksida
Uber and Ola are available in major cities.
By ferry
Between the North and South Islands
- Main article: Cook Strait ferries
There are two passenger and car ferry operators which cross Cook Strait between Wellington in the North Island and Picton in the South Island. The journey lasts 3.5 hours and there are several sailings daily. It is a spectacular and scenic trip through Wellington Harbour, Cook Strait and the Marlborough Sounds. However, the weather and seas in Cook Strait are frequently rough and unpredictable; sailings can be delayed or cancelled due to stormy weather, while others can quickly turn from a Mediterranean cruise into a spew-fest. Make sure you pack essentials for every possible weather situation in your carry-on luggage; you can't return to your car once the ferry has left port.
The ferry terminal at Picton is close to the railway station, and the Coastal Pacific train connects with Interislander sailings.
It is essential to book vehicle crossings in advance. The busiest period is from late December to February. Foot passenger traffic is also heavy at this time, and it is advisable to book well in advance.
Check with your rental car company whether you can take your vehicle on the Cook Strait ferry: some do not allow their vehicles on the ferries but will happily allow you to drop off a car at one ferry terminal and pick up another car at the other terminal at no extra cost.
- Interislander, ☏ 64 4 498-3302, Bepul: 0800 802 802. Contact centre M–F 08:00–20:00, Sa–Su 08:00–18:00. Operates three ships: Aratere, Kaiarahi va Kaitaki.
- Bluebridge (Strait Shipping), ☏ 64 4 471-6188, Bepul: 0800 844 844. Contact centre 08:00-20:00 daily.. Operates two ships: Straitsman va Strait Feronia
Other ferries
Harbour ferries, for commuters, operate in Auckland and Wellington. A number of communities are served by boat, rather than road, while charter boats are available for expeditions in several places. There are regular sightseeing cruises in several tourist destinations, particularly in the Southern Lakes and Fiordland area.
By bicycle
You can bring your own bike or hire one in some of the larger cities. By law, you must wear a helmet while riding, otherwise you may be issued an on-the-spot penalty. When hiring a bike you should be supplied with a helmet. Remember to ride on the left. You cannot ride on motorways in New Zealand - be aware that the Auckland Harbour Bridge between downtown Auckland and the North Shore is a motorway and there is no separate cycle path (yet), so you'll have to take a ferry or cycle around the harbour.
Cycling in New Zealand can be fun, but be aware that because of the geography and small number of people cycling between towns there are very few cycle lanes and limited shoulder space on roads. Beware of buses and trucks on main highways as many drivers will not give you sufficient overtaking clearance; proportionately, five times as many cyclists are injured and killed on New Zealand roads as in the Netherlands or Singapore! You should also be prepared for the large distances between towns and cities and the generally windy weather. While some areas of New Zealand are flat, most tourists cycling in New Zealand will find that they need to be able to cope with long periods of cycling up hills, especially in the Coromandel. Be prepared for any weather and for all seasons in one day.
You can choose to get a bike on arrival in New Zealand, or use a self-guided or guided cycle tour operator. Christchurch had the largest number of guided and self-guided tour operators and there are a number of bike rental companies based there also.
A network of cycle trails is being built around New Zealand, using a combination of off-road cycleways and low-traffic roads. There are some safe and beautiful routes already constructed: NZ Cycle Trail.
By thumb
Hitchhiking around New Zealand is quite good everywhere. It's illegal to hitchhike on the few motorways (except on the on-ramps) and illegal for motorists to stop there to pick you up. Try to get out of the middle of town, especially where public transport operates. Wear your pack and look like you're touring the country rather than just being a local looking for a lift, but above all else pick a place that's safe for vehicles to stop and don't forget to smile. You have as much chance of being picked up by another tourist as a local, particularly in tourist areas.
Rideshare and carpooling is increasing in New Zealand as fuel prices rise and people recognise the social and environmental benefit of sharing vehicles and travelling with others. While some systems are quite informal, others have trust systems which give greater security when choosing a ride.
- Jayride. A New Zealand ridesharing and hitch hiking website. Their focus is providing a variety of ride options, for flexibility and cost savings.
Qarang
Mountains, lakes and glaciers
It can be said that in New Zealand it's the countryside that's magnificent, and perhaps no more so than the Southern Alps of the South Island. In Mackenzie Country, the snow-capped jagged peaks rising above turquoise lakes have provided the inspiration for many a postcard. Tucked in behind is the country's highest peak, Aoraki Mount Cook (3724 m). The lakes and mountains continue south, becoming a stunning backdrop for the towns of Wanaka, Queenstown va Glenorchy.
Another region where mountain meets water with striking effect is Fiordland National Park where steep, densely forested mountains rise from the sea. The most accessible, and perhaps one of the most beautiful, spots is Milford Sound. The road in is spectacular and the view even more so when you arrive.
Glaciers may not be the first thing that comes to mind when you think of an island in the South Pacific, but New Zealand has several. The most notable are the Fox and Franz Josef glaciers in Westland National Park. These glaciers are unique in how close they get to sea level and are sustained by the enormous amount of precipitation that falls on New Zealand's west coast.
New Zealand's sceneries have featured famously in the Lord of the Rings film series, and many natural and artificial settings on the island can be visited.
Volcanoes and geysers
New Zealand is a geological hotspot and has many dormant and active volcanoes, geysers and hot springs. The best place to start is Rotorua, where the smell of sulphur lets you know you're close to the action. The surrounding countryside has many parks with geysers and hot springs, and Mount Tarawera, the site of one of New Zealand's more famous eruptions, lies a short drive away.
South of Rotorua is the town of Taupo, on the shores of the country's largest lake, which was formed in a massive volcanic explosion 26,500 years ago, and expanded by an equally massive explosion 1800 years ago (it reputedly turned skies over China and Rome red). Beyond Lake Taupo is Tongariro National Park, dominated by its three volcanoes, Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu. All three mountains are still active (Tongariro last erupted in 2012) and Ruapehu has a crater lake that can be viewed with a bit of hiking. Ngauruhoe is famous for filling in as Mt. Doom in the Lord of the Rings trilogy.
Northeast of Rotorua is Whakatane, with tours to White Island, a volcanic island not far off the coast. The island is truly a different world with its smoke plume, green crater lake and the pohutukawa trees clinging to a fragile existence on the volcanic rock.
Dormant and extinct volcanoes help define the landscape in many other regions, including Taranaki and three of the largest cities (Auckland, Christchurch va Dunedin). North of Taupo and at Kawerau, New Zealand's geothermal resources are put to use generating electricity, supplying around 17.5% of the country's electricity demand. Hot springs are sprinkled across the country, and are often popular bathing spots.
Flora and fauna
Because New Zealand is so remote from the rest of the world, and has been for millions of years, its plants and animals are unique and distinctive. New Zealand's wildlife evolved in isolation, in absence of land mammals (apart from three species of bat), and the roles of mammals were taken by reptiles, giant insects, and flightless birds (most notably the giant extinct moa, whose 3 m tall skeletons can be seen in museums).
New Zealand's forests are mostly cool-temperate rain forest, resembling tropical jungle with vines, tree ferns, and a thick understorey. The most impressive native trees is the kauri, one of the largest tree species in the world. Heavily logged in the 19th and early 20th century, few of these giants are left (a result of over-logging), but a visit to the Waipoua Forest in Northland will afford a glimpse. New Zealand has a large number of ferns for a temperate country, including the silver fern, the national "flower".
The beaches of the South Island, particularly The Catlins va Otago Peninsula, are good places to see marine animals such as penguins, seals va sea lions in their natural habitat. The Otago Peninsula is also noted for its albatross colony.
Unfortunately, over-hunting from the time humans first arrived, has meant many of New Zealand's unique animals are now endangered and can only really be seen in captivity or in mammal-free nature reserves. This includes the kiwi, the country's national bird; this flightless nocturnal chicken-sized bird is unique in having nostrils at the tip of its beak and laying the largest egg in the world relative to its body size. Other unique (yet endangered) wildlife includes the flightless takahē, the kākāpō (made famous internationally after the "shagged by a rare parrot" incident), and the tuatara (a lizard-like reptile, last survivor of a branch of the reptilian family tree dating back to the dinosaurs). One non-native pest is the brush-tailed possum, which was imported from Australia for its silky fur, which is used to make warm, lightweight knitted goods.
New Zealand's National Parks are maintained by the Department of Conservation (DOC) and various local governments. Access is free, but may be restricted in some parks during some parts of the year due to weather (e.g.: avalanche risk) or farming needs (e.g.: lambing season). It's best to check with local tourist information centres for up to date information before venturing into the wilderness, even for a day hike.
Eradication and management of non-native animals is common but sometimes contentious in New Zealand. Visitors from overseas may be surprised by the lack of affection New Zealanders hold for what would be cuddly bunnies or fluffy possums in other countries. Much pest management is through poisonous baits, notably sodium fluoroacetate or "1080". These are delivered through ground bait stations or, more cost effectively (though controversially), by helicopter drops. Department of Conservation va OSPRI/TBfree NZ provide regularly-updated pesticide summaries that include warnings, maps of the areas affected, and which poisons have been used.
Urban fare
While the countryside is the main attraction of New Zealand, it's worthwhile to spend some time in the cities. Auckland Viaduct Makoni va Mission ko'rfazi, qadimgi vulqonlar (Eden tog'i va bitta daraxt tepaligi), bir nechta muzeylar va Janubiy yarimsharda eng baland erkin bino bo'lgan Sky Tower kabi yoqimli shaharlari. Keyinchalik qiziqarli arxitektura va chiroyli Papa muzeyini topish mumkin Vellington, poytaxt. Napier Agar vaqt bo'lsa, Art Deco CBD uchun to'xtashga arziydi va Christchurch ingliz tili va 2011 yilgi zilziladan keyin shaharni qayta tiklashi bilan qiziq. Dunedin o'n to'qqizinchi asrning ajoyib binolari bilan Shotlandiya xarakteriga ega.
Qil
Ochiq havo va sarguzasht
Ochiq va sarguzasht tadbirlar quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi:
- Bungy Jump Queenstown, Oklend, Taupo - zamonaviy bungy jump bu erda yangi zelandiyalik A.J tomonidan ixtiro qilingan. Hackett.
- Daryo va ko'llarda kanoeda eshkak eshish va baydarka - dengizda baydarka Abel Tasman dengiz qo'riqxonasi va sovuq suvlari Milford Sound
- Cave - Waitomo, Nelson, Janubiy orolning G'arbiy qirg'og'i, Te Anau
- Sho'ng'in
- Baliq ovlash - ham chuchuk suv (dunyodagi eng yaxshi alabalık baliq ovlash) va ham baliq ovi (dunyodagi marlin, gavhar, akula, orkinos, qirg'iy baliq va boshqa ko'plab sho'r suv turlari uchun baliq ovlashning eng yaxshi turlari).
- Piyoda yurish - Yangi Zelandiyada bir qator milliy bog'lar va boshqa cho'llar va o'rmonzorlar mavjud, ularning aksariyati tomonidan boshqariladi Tabiatni muhofaza qilish bo'limi (DoC). Boshqa mamlakatlarda piyoda yurish, trekking yoki buta bo'ylab yurish sifatida tanilgan faoliyat Yangi Zelandiyada tramping va mehmonlar va mahalliy aholi uchun juda mashhur mashg'ulot.
- Issiq havo sharlari
- Jetli qayiq - Hamilton reaktivi Yangi Zelandiyada 1954 yilda Bill Xemilton tomonidan ixtiro qilingan, xususan mamlakatning sayoz o'rilgan daryolarini engib o'tish uchun.
- Tog'da velosipedda harakatlanish
- Yo'ldan tashqari haydash
- Rafting
- Yelkanli suzish - Yangi Zelandiya ko'plab jahon chempioni yaxtalarini ishlab chiqardi va AQShdan tashqari yaxtaning asosiy mukofoti - Amerika Kubogini yutgan va muvaffaqiyatli himoya qilgan yagona mamlakatdir.
- Kayak va snoubord - bu Queenstown-Wanaka hududi Bu Yangi Zelandiyaning eng yaxshi chang'i chang'i safari, bu erda eng yaxshi xalqaro chang'ichilar va snoubordchilar abadiy qishni ta'qib qilish uchun maydonga kelishadi. Boshqa ommaviy chang'i zonalari Kanterberining tog 'etaklarida va Shimoliy orolda Ruapexu tog'ida mavjud.
- Osmonga sakrash
- Sörf
- Kit tomosha qilmoqda Kaikoura
- Shamol sörfü va qaytserfing
- Ziplining
Sport
Regbi ittifoqi dindan ko'ra ko'proq ehtirosni ilhomlantiradi va Yangi Zelandiya terma jamoasi qudratli hisoblanadi Barcha qora tanlilar, uning erni titraydigan ochilishi xaka munozarali ravishda Yangi Zelandiyaning boshqa jihatlaridan yaxshiroq tanilgan. Hamma qora tanlilar uch marta regbi bo'yicha Jahon kubogini qo'lga kiritgan (1987, 2011, 2015), eng ko'p g'alaba qozonish uchun Janubiy Afrika bilan tenglashib olgan. Shuningdek, ular o'ynagan barcha jamoalarga qarshi g'alaba qozonish ko'rsatkichlari mavjud; professional davrda (1995 yildan boshlab) faqat qora tanlilarga qarshi Avstraliya, Janubiy Afrika, Angliya, Frantsiya va Irlandiya bir nechta o'yinlarda g'alaba qozonishgan. Yangi Zelandiya regbi sportining eng dahshatli milliy tomoni hisoblanadi va ularga qarshi o'ynash, ularni mag'lub etish u yoqda tursin, dunyoning barcha ragbi futbolchilari uchun haqiqatan ham orzu.
Hamma qora tanlilar odatda janubiy yarimsharda qishda (iyun-avgust) asosan uyda o'ynashadi Regbi chempionati Argentina, Avstraliya va Janubiy Afrikaga qarshi. Ko'p boshqa terma jamoalardan farqli o'laroq, "qora tanlilar" ning bitta uy stadioni yo'q; sinov o'yinlari yirik markazlardagi stadionlar orasida, jumladan, Eden Parkda aylanib yuradi Oklend, Westpac stadioni ("Kek qalay") Vellington, AMI stadioni Christchurch, Waikato stadioni Xemilton, va "Forsit Barr" stadioni Dunedin.
Super regbi Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya, Janubiy Afrika, Argentina va Yaponiya klublari o'rtasidagi musobaqa bo'lib, 15 ta tomonning 5 tasi Yangi Zelandiyada joylashgan. Yangi Zelandiya tomonlari musobaqada yaxshi ishtirok etishadi va boshqa mamlakat jamoalariga qaraganda ko'proq finalda g'olib bo'lishgan. Ayollar regbi 2010-yillarning o'rtalariga qadar juda ahamiyatsiz edi, ammo o'sha paytdan boshlab qiziqish va qatnashish keskin oshdi. Ayollar terma jamoasi "Qora Ferns" nomi bilan tanilgan va ularning rekordi barcha qora tanlilarni sharmanda qiladi - ular oltita Jahon chempionatida g'olib chiqishgan va faqat Angliya ularga qarshi bir nechta o'yinlarda g'alaba qozongan!
Har doim g'alaba qozongan "qora tanlilar" takrorlanadigan va zerikarli bo'ladi, shuning uchun yangi zelandiyaliklar boshqa tomoshabin sport turlaridan ham zavqlanishadi. Yangi Zelandiyadagi boshqa mashhur jamoaviy sport turlariga quyidagilar kiradi kriket, regbi ligasi, futbol (ya'ni futbol yoki futbol assotsiatsiyasi), netbol (Hamdo'stlik mamlakatlarida mashhur bo'lgan va deyarli faqat ayollar o'ynaydigan basketbolning bir varianti) va tobora ko'proq, basketbol (o'rta maktab ishtirokchilari soni bo'yicha faqat netbol va regbi ittifoqiga uchinchi). Olimpiya bosqichida Yangi Zelandiyaning eng yaxshi sport turlari qatoriga kiradi eshkak eshish, suzib yurish, baydarka, velosipedda velosipedda harakatlanishva yengil atletika (yengil atletika) o'rta masofa va uloqtirish hodisalari.
Yangi Zelandiyada 400 dan ortiq ro'yxatdan o'tgan golf kurslar, mahalliy klublardan tortib, xalqaro miqyosda taniqli kurortlarga qadar, golf va ajoyib manzaralarni namoyish etadi.
Sotib oling
Pul
Yangi Zelandiya dollari uchun valyuta kurslari 2021 yil 4-yanvar holatiga ko'ra:
Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com |
Yangi Zelandiyada ishlatiladigan valyuta Yangi Zelandiya dollari, "belgisi bilan belgilanadi$"yoki"NZ $"(ISO kodi: NZD). U 100 sentga bo'lingan. Ushbu qo'llanmada "$" belgisi, agar boshqacha ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa, Yangi Zelandiya dollarlarini bildiradi.
Yangi Zelandiya dollari erkin o'zgaruvchan, ammo xalqaro bozorda katta o'zgarishlarga yo'l qo'ymaydi, valyuta kurslari odatda barqaror. Chet el valyutasida to'lov oson qabul qilinmaydi. Ba'zi mehmonxonalar va turistik nuqtalarda joylashgan do'konlarda chet el notalari qabul qilinishi mumkin, ammo valyuta kursi yomon bo'lishini kutishadi (masalan, Avstraliya dollari 1: 1 da qabul qilinadi). Yangi Zelandiya dollari dunyodagi eng faol ayirboshlanadigan valyutalardan biri bo'lganligi sababli (2016 yil aprel holatiga ko'ra eng ko'p sotiladigan 10-o'rin), bu butun dunyo bo'ylab banklar va valyuta ayirboshlovchilarida keng tarqalgan.
Tangalar 10 ¢ (mis), 20 ¢ (kichik kumush), 50 ¢ (katta kumush), 1 dollar (kichik oltin) va 2 dollar (katta oltin) dan iborat. Barcha tangalarda qirolicha Yelizaveta II "boshlari" tomonida tasvirlangan. 2006 yilda Yangi Zelandiya 5 tangadan voz kechib, 10, 20 va 50 tangalarni kichikroq versiyalari bilan almashtirdi. O'zgarishdan oldin 5 ¢, 10 ¢ va 20 ¢ tangalar o'zlarining avstraliyalik tengdoshlari bilan bir xil edi, faqatgina turli xil "dumlari" tomoni bundan mustasno edi, ya'ni Avstraliya tangalarini Yangi Zelandiya muomalasida ko'rish va aksincha. 10 ¢ dan kichik tanga bo'lmaganligi sababli, naqd operatsiyalar 10 ¢ ga qadar yaxlitlanadi (5 either har ikki tomonga aylanishi mumkin, ammo ko'pchilik korxonalar yumaloqlashadi).
Banknotlar 5 dollar (to'q sariq), 10 dollar (ko'k), 20 dollar (yashil), 50 dollar (binafsha) va 100 dollar (qizil) ranglarda. Muomaladagi barcha yozuvlar polimerda bosilgan bo'lib, old tomonida Yangi Zelandiyalik taniqli kishi (qirolicha Yelizaveta II tasvirlangan 20 dollarlik kupyuradan tashqari) va orqa tomonida mahalliy Yangi Zelandiya qushi tasvirlangan. Muomalada 1999 seriyali (kichik shaffof oyna) va 2015-16 seriyali (katta shaffof oyna) ikkita banknot mavjud.
Bank faoliyati
Yangi zelandiyaliklar dunyodagi eng yuqori darajadagi elektron bank xizmatlaridan foydalanuvchilardir. Deyarli barcha do'konlarda mavjud Eftpos debet va kredit kartalar uchun terminallar, shuning uchun ko'pgina xaridlar elektron shaklda amalga oshirilishi mumkin.
Eftpos terminallari ikki turga bo'linadi: faqat ichki kartalarni qabul qiladiganlar va ichki va xalqaro kartalarni qabul qiladiganlar.
Siz odatda ichki kartalarni qabul qiladigan terminallarni terminal ustiga qo'yilgan "kreditsiz" stikeri orqali aniqlashingiz mumkin. Ular faqat ichki debet va Eftpos kartalarini oladi. Kredit kartalar va xalqaro debet kartalar qabul qilinmaydi. Siz ushbu turlarni spirtli ichimliklar bilan ta'minlanmaydigan sut mahsulotlari, paketlar va kafelar kabi kichik chakana savdo do'konlarida topasiz.
Stikersiz terminallar Eftpos kartalaridan tashqari xalqaro va ichki debet va kredit kartalarini qabul qiladi. Qabul qilingan kartalar turlariga kelsak, MasterCard va Visa universaldir. American Express aksariyat yirik do'konlarda mavjud, Diners Club esa kamroq. Nazariy jihatdan, Diners Club International qabul qilish belgisini ko'rgan hamma joyda Discover kartasidan foydalanishingiz mumkin; ammo, deyarli hech bir savdogar buni bilmaydi, shuning uchun sizda chip va PIN-kartangiz bo'lsa, uni terminalga yopishtirib, sinab ko'rishga arziydi. UnionPay kartalari tanlangan savdogarlarda qabul qilinadi.
Yangi Zelandiya deyarli universal chip-va-PIN-kartalar tizimining foydalanuvchisidir, bu kartadagi elektron chipdan va operatsiyani tekshirish uchun egasining Shaxsiy identifikatsiya raqamidan (PIN) foydalanadi. Ko'pgina savdogarlar, shuningdek, surish va imzo usulini qabul qilishadi. Agar siz o'rnatilgan chipsiz kartadan foydalansangiz va terminal sizdan PIN-kod kiritishingizni so'rasa, shunchaki "Enter" tugmachasini bosing va sizning operatsiyangiz ma'qullanishi kerak. Chop etilgan kvitansiyani imzolagandan so'ng, sizdan fotosurat guvohnomasini taqdim etishingiz so'ralishi mumkin. Qarovsiz yonilg'i quyish nasoslaridagi kabi avtomatlashtirilgan mashinalar PIN-kodsiz kartalarni qabul qila olmaydi.
Yangi Zelandiyada "Paywave" nomi bilan tanilgan kontaktsiz to'lov, kredit kartalarini qabul qiladigan ko'p joylarda mavjud. 80 dollardan past bo'lgan xaridlar uchun PIN-kod zarur emas (COVID-19 pandemiyasi paytida vaqtincha 200 dollargacha ko'tariladi).
Naqd pul olish
Do'konlarning katta qismi hali ham naqd pulni qabul qilmoqda. Ko'pgina Yangi Zelandiyaliklar katta miqdordagi naqd pulni olib yurishmaydi, chunki bu ularni Eftpos kartasidan foydalanish bilan taqqoslaganda xavfli va bezovta qiladi. Sayyoh sifatida siz hali ham naqd pul olib yurishingiz kerak, chunki chet el kartalarini qabul qilmaydigan do'konlari bo'ladi.
Mahalliy ravishda "devordagi teshik" yoki "kassa" nomi bilan tanilgan bankomatlarni deyarli har bir shaharda, hattoki banksiz ham mavjud. Banklar endi raqobatchining bankomati uchun to'lovlarni olmaydilar, ammo mustaqil bankomat operatorlari pul olish uchun haq olishlari mumkin. Agar siz ANZ-da chet el kartasi orqali olib qo'ygan bo'lsangiz, ularning bankomatidan foydalanganingiz uchun sizdan $ 3 olinadi. BNZ va Kiwibank chet el kartalaridan to'lov olmaydilar. Kuniga bankomatlardan naqd pul olish uchun 2000 dollar chegara mavjud.
Supermarketlar va ayrim chakana sotuvchilar ichki to'lov kartasidan foydalangan holda sotib olish uchun to'lovni amalga oshirishda oz miqdordagi naqd pulni berishga rozi bo'lishlari mumkin. Buni amalga oshirishda kichik chakana sotuvchilar ko'pincha minimal sotib olishni 10 dollar atrofida belgilashlari mumkin.
Bank hisobvaraqlari
Agar siz bir muncha vaqt Yangi Zelandiyada bo'lmoqchi bo'lsangiz, Yangi Zelandiyada bank hisob raqamini ochish va mahalliy kartani o'rnatish qulay bo'lishi mumkin. Barcha NZ banklari telefon va internet-bank xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi. Hozirgi kunda aksariyat korxonalar va odamlar o'zlarining hisob raqamlariga 15 xonali raqamlarini (masalan: 12-3456-0789123-00) etkazib berishadi va mijozlar o'zlarining hisobvaraqlariga Internet-bank orqali pul o'tkazadilar. Bu transport vositasini sotib olishda yoki turar joyni oldindan bron qilishda keng tarqalgan; to'lov odatda bir necha soat ichida yoki eng kechi keyingi ish kunida tugaydi.
Barcha Yangi Zelandiya banklari tashrif buyuruvchilar va migrantlarga o'zlarining veb-saytlari orqali hisob qaydnomasini ochilishidan olti oy oldin ruxsat berishadi. Sizning kartangiz kelishi uchun taxminan ikki hafta vaqt ketadi va bank sizni tanlagan filialda kutib turganidan xursand bo'ladi. Yangi Zelandiyada "Katta to'rtlik" banklari mavjud ANZ, ASB, BNZva Westpac; boshqa yirik banklar kiradi Kivibank va TSB.
Sizga Eftpos va debet karta o'rtasida tanlov taklif etiladi. Eftpos kartasidan Yangi Zelandiyadagi do'konlarda to'lovlarni amalga oshirish va bankomatlardan pul olish uchun foydalanish mumkin. Debet karta Eftpos kartasining hamma ishlarini bajaradi va bundan tashqari Visa yoki MasterCard qabul qilingan har qanday vaqtda onlayn va chet elda pul o'tkazish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Eftpos kartalari bepul bo'lsa, debet kartasida odatda yillik to'lov (10 dollar atrofida) bo'ladi.
Chexlar
Yangi Zelandiyada chek orqali to'lov kamdan-kam uchraydi va aksariyat do'konlar ularni qabul qilmaydi. Cheklar endi 2021 yil may oyidan keyin aksariyat banklar tomonidan qabul qilinmaydi.
Xarajatlar
Yangi Zelandiya ko'pchilik tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun juda qimmat mamlakat, chunki uning nisbiy izolyatsiyasi buyumlarni import qilish narxini oshiradi. Narxlar qo'shni Avstraliya bilan taqqoslanadi, garchi alohida buyumlar yuqori va pastroq bo'lsa ham farq qilishi mumkin.
Qo'llanma sifatida ba'zi oddiy buyumlarning o'rtacha narxi (2020 yil oktyabr holatiga ko'ra):
- Non (600g) - $ 1.30
- Ikki litrli sut suti - 3,60 dollar
- Olma - har bir kg uchun 3,30 dollar
- Kivi (yashil) - har bir kg uchun 4,00 dollar
- Kartoshka - kg uchun 2,20 dollar
- Mol go'shti qiymasi - kg uchun 16,40 dollar
- Qo'zi pirzola - kg uchun 18,20 dollar
- Baliq va chiplar, bir qismi - 7,40 dollar
- Katta Mac - 6,60 dollar
Soliqlar va yig'imlar
Yangi Zelandiyada sotiladigan tovarlar va xizmatlarga 15% tovarlar va xizmatlar solig'i (GST) to'lanadi. Soliq odatda e'lon qilingan narxga kiritiladi; istisnolar GST chiqarib tashlanganligi yoki qo'shimcha ekanligini ko'rsatishi kerak. Ba'zi do'konlar, ayniqsa, sayyohlik yo'nalishlarida, chet elda xaridlarni jo'natishadi yoki ularni aeroportda qabul qilishlari mumkin, chunki eksport tovarlari GSTga tegishli emas. Xarid qilishdan oldin ushbu xizmat haqida so'rang. Siz bilan sotib olingan va olib ketilgan tovarlar GSTga bo'ysunadi. Oddiy mehmonlar qila olmaydi mamlakatdan chiqib ketish paytida allaqachon to'langan GST bo'yicha pulni qaytarishni talab qilish. Biznesga tashrif buyurgan mehmonlar o'zlarining kompaniyalari qaytib kelgandan keyin to'langan GSTni qaytarib olishlari mumkin, bu holda siz buxgalteriya bo'limiga barcha xaridlar uchun $ 50 va undan yuqori soliq deklaratsiyasini berishingiz kerak bo'ladi.
GST va boj (agar mavjud bo'lsa) bojsiz imtiyozdan tashqari olib kiriladigan barcha tovarlarga to'lanadi. Bir kishiga bojsiz nafaqa 50 sigaret yoki 50 gramm tamaki, uchta 1125 ml lik spirtli ichimliklar idishi, 4,5 litr pivo yoki sharob va 700 NZ dollarlik boshqa boj olinmaydigan tovarlarni tashkil etadi.
Yangi Zelandiya qonunchiligi ta'til kunlarida ishlaydigan xodimlarga odatdagi stavkadan 1,5 baravar ko'proq maosh olishini va keyinroq olish uchun bir kunlik pullik ta'til berilishini talab qiladi. Qo'shimcha ish haqini qoplash uchun korxonalar, ayniqsa kafe va restoranlar, dam olish kunlari uchun qo'shimcha to'lovni qo'shishi mumkin (odatda 15%). GSTda bo'lgani kabi, agar qo'shimcha narx e'lon qilingan narxga kiritilmagan bo'lsa, qo'shimcha to'lov qo'shimcha ravishda ko'rsatilishi kerak.
Narxlar bo'yicha kelishuv
Yangi Zelandiyada savdo va iste'molchilar huquqlarini himoya qilish bo'yicha kuchli qonunlar mavjud bo'lib, ular orasida boshqa narsalar qatori tovarlar va xizmatlar o'rtacha narxda sotilishi kerak. Ko'pgina hollarda narxlar bo'yicha muzokaralar yoki haggging reklama qilingan narxlarda shuning uchun do'kon egasini haqorat sifatida qabul qilinadi. Agar siz narxlarni juda yuqori deb hisoblasangiz, eng yaxshi maslahat oyoqlaringiz bilan ovoz berishdir.
Agar bir xil mahsulotni arzonroq narxda sotadigan raqobatchini topsangiz, ba'zi chakana sotuvchilar mahsulot narxiga mos keltirishga yoki arzonlashtirishga tayyor bo'lishi mumkin. Maishiy texnika va mebel kabi katta chiptalar uchun chakana sotuvchilar, agar siz bir nechta buyum sotib olsangiz yoki naqd pul yoki Eftpos bilan to'layotgan bo'lsangiz, narx bo'yicha kelishib olishga tayyor bo'lishi mumkin.
Agar siz uzoq vaqt davomida Yangi Zelandiyada bo'lsangiz, veb-sayt Men bilan savdo qiling xorijdagi yirik eBay-ga o'xshash biznes modelini taqdim etadi. Biroq, Trade Me to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bank o'tkazmalariga asoslangan savdo-sotiqqa ko'proq e'tibor qaratadi (shart - bu sizning Yangi Zelandiya bank hisob raqamiga ega bo'lishingiz kerak) va mahsulotning boshlang'ich ro'yxatida hech qanday to'lov talab qilinmaydi.
Tips
Tips Yangi Zelandiya madaniyatiga kirmaydi va ko'pincha unga shubha bilan qarashadi yoki uni yomon ko'rishadi, chunki ko'pchilik buni amerikaliklarning odatiga ko'ra, ba'zi ishchilarga ortiqcha ish haqi to'laydi, boshqalari esa chetda qoladi; qo'shimcha ravishda bitta xizmat uchun ikki baravar pul to'lash hissi mavjud. Ajablanadigan ko'rinishlarga duch kelsangiz yoki sizning maslahatingiz rad etilsa yoki so'roq qilinsa hayron bo'lmang yoki xafa bo'lmang, chunki Yangi Zelandiyaliklar o'zlari odatda maslahat bermaydilar, shuningdek, Yangi Zelandiya madaniyatida bunday imo-ishorani qabul qilishdan oldin uni rad etish muloyimlik shaklidir. . Shunga qaramay, taksining narxini yaxlitlash kabi ba'zi bir uchirish usullari keng tarqalgan. Shunga qaramay, taksi haydovchisi yo'l haqini eng yaqin dollargacha aylantirishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas. Ba'zi bir kafelarda "xodimlar uchun maslahatlar" yozilgan peshtaxtada banka saqlanadi, unda xaridorlar kichik o'zgarishlarni qoldirishi mumkin, lekin ko'pincha mahalliy aholi hech narsani qoldirmaydi.
Restoranlardan odatda xizmat narxlari va soliqlarni joylashtirilgan narxlarga qo'shib qo'yish talab qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, restoranlar uchun ta'til kunlari e'lon qilingan narxlar ustiga qo'shimcha narx belgilanishi qonuniydir, chunki ular o'sha kunlarda o'z xodimlariga yuqori ish haqi to'lashlari shart.
Ba'zan restoranda alohida xizmat ko'rsatish uchun, xususan, Kristchurch, Vellington va Oklend kabi yirik shaharlarda maslahatlar beriladi. Ammo bu shaharlarda bar xodimlariga butun tun davomida qurilgan 30 dollar atrofida maslahatlar berish odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda, ayniqsa kutish xodimlariga. Shunga qaramay, bu to'lovning foiz miqdori emas, balki homiylarning xayrixohlik harakati. Boshqalar buni qilayotgan odamlar o'zlarini boy va boyliklarini namoyish qilmoqdalar deb o'ylashlari mumkin. Chet elga sayohat qilayotgan Yangi Zelandiyaliklar odatda bu odatni qiyin va tushunarsiz deb bilishadi. O'zingizning zaxira pulingizni ovqatdan tortib, xayriya ishlarida peshtaxtada yig'iladigan idishga ega bo'lgan narsaga xayr-ehson qilish odatiy va odobli ish bo'lib, bu pulni almashtirish uchun standart o'rnini egallaydi.
Biroq, ko'plab Yangi Zelandiyaliklar boshqa mamlakatlarda sayohat qilishadi va yashaydilar, ko'pincha Yangi Zelandiyaga qaytib kelishadi va odatiy odatlarini o'zlari bilan qaytarishadi. Umuman olganda, Yangi Zelandiyada xizmat ko'rsatadigan ofitsiantlar va sartaroshlar kabi odamlar pul o'rniga tabassum va minnatdorchilik bilan maslahat berishadi. Bu o'rinli deb hisoblanadi, chunki ularning o'rtacha ish haqi amerikalik hamkasblariga qaraganda ancha katta.
Xarid qilish soatlari
Yangi Zelandiyada savdo soatlari to'g'risidagi juda erkin qonunchilik mavjud. Do'konlarning yopilishi kerak bo'lgan yilning atigi 2,5 kuni bor: Rojdestvo kuni, yaxshi juma va Anzak kuni soat 13:00 dan oldin (25 aprel). Ba'zi hududlarda, shuningdek, Pasxa yakshanba kuni do'konlarning yopilishi kerak. Istisnolardan sut zavodlari, maishiy xizmat ko'rsatish shoxobchalari, yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari, kafe va restoranlar, dorixonalar, esdalik do'konlari, aeroportlar va jamoat transporti terminallaridagi do'konlar mavjud.
Yuqori ko'cha do'konlari odatda ish kunlari soat 08:00 dan 09:00 gacha ochiladi va 16:30 dan 18:00 gacha yopiladi. Dam olish kunlari va dam olish kunlarida savdo qilganda, ular odatda soat 09:00 dan 10:00 gacha ochiladi va 13:00 dan 17:00 gacha yopiladi. Savdo markazlari odatda dushanbadan shanbagacha 09:00 dan 18:00 gacha va yakshanba kuni 10:00 dan 17:00 gacha ishlaydi; ko'pchilik haftada bir yoki ikkita kechasi bor, odatda payshanba va / yoki juma kunlari, do'konlari soat 21:00 gacha ishlaydi. Supermarketlar va eng katta savdo do'konlari har kuni soat 07:00 dan 08:00 gacha ochiladi va 21:00 dan 22:00 gacha yopiladi.
Asosiy chakana savdo tarmoqlari
Ombor, odatda deb nomlanadi Qizil Shed, Walmart-ning Yangi Zelandiya ekvivalenti. Warehouse guruhi kiyim-kechak, lager uskunalari, elektronika, o'yinchoqlar, kompakt-disk, DVD, o'yin va hokazolarni o'z ichiga olgan turli xil arzon mahsulotlarni sotadi. Doimiy do'konlar barcha shaharlarda va aksariyat yirik shaharlarda joylashgan bo'lib, ba'zi kichik do'konlar ham qishloqlarda ishlaydi. Walmart singari obro'siga qaramay, do'konlarda Sony, LEGO, Apple va Adidas kabi ba'zi obro'li yuqori darajadagi brendlar sotiladi. Narxlar arzon va agar siz Yangi Zelandiya ta'tilida foydalanish uchun mahsulot sotib olsangiz (va ularni uyga olib ketishni rejalashtirmasangiz), bu holda "Ombor" ni tavsiya eting. Omborda fikrni o'zgartirish va almashtirish siyosati juda liberaldir - mahsulotni qayta sotib olish mumkin bo'lgan holatga kelganda va sotib olganingizni tasdiqlovchi hujjat (ichki kiyim kabi ba'zi narsalar) sotib olganingizdan keyin 12 oy ichida qaytarib berishingiz yoki almashtirishingiz mumkin. , suzish kiyimi, yozilgan ommaviy axborot vositalari va tez buziladigan narsalar bundan mustasno). Ko'proq an'anaviy do'konlarga o'rta bozor kiradi Fermerlar va yirik shaharlarning yuqori darajadagi do'konlari: Smit va Kageyniki Oklendda va Ballantynniki Christchurchda.
Boshqa "katta quti" zanjirlariga kiradi Brisko, uy anjomlari do'koni (har hafta oxiri "hamma narsadan 30-60% chegirma" ushlab turadiganga o'xshaydi); Noel Leeming, elektronika sotuvchisi; va Miter 10 Mega uy-joylarni sotish bilan shug'ullanadigan sotuvchisi.
Yemoq
Zamonaviy Yangi Zelandiya oshxonasi asosan mamlakatning Buyuk Britaniyadagi merosi ta'sirida bo'lgan, ammo 1950-yillardan beri immigratsiya O'rta er dengizi va Osiyo-Tinch okeanining burilishlarini keltirib chiqardi. Maori o'zlarining o'ziga xos an'anaviy oshxonalariga ega.
Kechki ovqat, chaqirildi kechki ovqat yoki choy, kunning asosiy taomlari hisoblanadi. Ovqatlar orasida snack tanaffuslari deb ataladi ertalab / tushdan keyin choy.
Yangi zelandiyaliklar, odatda, faqat tug'ilgan kun yoki romantik sanalar kabi maxsus kunlarda restoranda kechki ovqatga chiqishadi; ko'pchilik tez-tez tashqarida ovqat yemaydilar, ammo bu odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda. Yangi zelandiyaliklar odatda restoranlarda hisob-kitobni stolda so'ramaydilar, aksincha stolni bo'shatishadi va hisobni old peshtaxtada yoki barda so'rashadi.
Yangi Zelandiya o'ziga xos kafe madaniyatiga ega, shubhasiz sayyoradagi eng yaxshi espresso. Kafelarda tez-tez achchiq ovqatdan tortib to toliq ovqatgacha bo'lgan taomlar mavjud.
Kichikroq shaharlarda oziq-ovqat har doim mahalliy pab / mehmonxona / bistroda mavjud, garchi sifati burger va chiplar turiga mos keladi.
Fast tamaddi qilishga va qulay oziq-ovqat shoxobchalari juda ko'p. Yangi Zelandiyadagi yirik xalqaro fastfud tarmoqlariga Burger King, kichik Karl, Domino, KFC, McDonald's, Pita Pit, Pizza Hut, Metro va Wendy kiradi. Bir qator mahalliy tez ovqatlanish tarmoqlari mavjud; Burger yoqilg'isi va Viskonsin shtatidagi Burger ikkalasi ham sinab ko'rishga arziydi, ammo Amerika pitssa zanjirlari shaytoniy mavzudagi mahalliy zanjirning raqobatiga duch kelmoqda Jahannam pizza. Yangi Zelandiyadagi xitoylik oziq-ovqat, asosan, g'arbiy yo'naltirilgan avtoulov navlaridan iborat bo'lib, u Avstraliyada yoki Buyuk Britaniyada joylashgan taomga o'xshaydi va uni ko'plab mahallalarda va kichik shaharlarda topish mumkin. Aytish joizki, yaxshi, chinakam xitoylik taomlarni Oklend, Vellington va Kristchurch kabi yirik shaharlarda topish mumkin.
Yangi Zelandiyadagi aksariyat kafe va restoranlarda vegetarianlar, glyutensiz va ko'pchilik yolg'iz allergiya doimiy ravishda ta'minlanadi. Veganlar uchun mo'ljallangan kafe va restoranlarni va diniy ovqatlanish talablarini (masalan, halol, kosher) yirik shaharlardan tashqarida topish qiyin.
Agar o'zingiz ovqat tayyorlasangiz, yirik supermarketlar tarmoqlari mavjud: Ortga hisoblash (yashil / qora), Yangi dunyo (bej) va Pak'nSave (sariq). Agar siz eng past narxlarni qidirsangiz, ehtimol Pak'nSave sizning eng yaxshi garovingizdir, ammo ular cheklangan tovar belgilariga ega. Countdown va New World ikkalasi ham to'liq assortimentga ega, ammo agar siz byudjetga ega bo'lsangiz, narxlarni kuzatib boring. Kichik shaharlarda a bo'lishi mumkin To'rt kvadrat, Yangi tanlov yoki Super qiymat Oziq-ovqat DUKONI. Aholi punktlari bo'ylab sut zavodlari va boshqa maishiy xizmat do'konlari mavjud.
Oshxona
Yangi Zelandiya an'anaviy taomlari uchun eng aniq qo'llanmalardan biri Edmonds pazandachilik kitobi. Birinchi marta 1908 yilda nashr etilgan va o'ndan ziyod tahrirdan o'tgan, bu Yangi Zelandiyadagi uylarda Muqaddas Kitobdan ko'ra samaraliroq.
Yangi Zelandiyaning o'ziga xos oziq-ovqat mahsulotlariga quyidagilar kiradi.
- ANZAC pechene - asosan oltin siropi bilan bog'langan jo'xori moyidan tayyorlangan oddiy qattiq pechene. Dastlab ANZAC qo'shinlari tomonidan va Birinchi Jahon urushi paytida ishlab chiqarilgan. Avstraliyada ham topilgan.
- Qovurilgan kartoshka bilan baliq - dastlab Buyuk Britaniyada olib boriladigan taom, Yangi Zelandiya o'ziga xos uslubga ega. Baliqning asosiy turlari xokki, limon baliqlari (burg'ulash akulasi) va tarakixi, shuningdek, janubiy orolda joylashgan ko'kfurnur va ko'k cod. Baliq urib tushiriladi (yoki xohlasangiz, maydalanadi) va maydalangan kartoshka chiplari (kartoshka) va boshqa bir qator go'sht, dengiz mahsulotlari, ananas uzuklari va hattoki shokoladli novdalar bilan birga yog'da chuqur qovuriladi, hammasi gazeta qog'oziga o'ralgan (bugun bosilmagan) oziq-ovqat qog'ozi ishlatiladi; an'anaviy ravishda bu kechagi gazeta). Yangi Zelandiyadagi an'anaviy ziravorlarga pomidor sousi (ketchup) va tartar sousi kiradi.
- Kivi mevasi - olxo'ri kattaligida odatda yashil go'shtli meva, go'shtida mayda qora urug'lar. Xitoydan kelib chiqqan va birinchi marta bog'bonga a sifatida tanilgan Xitoy krijovnik, Yangi Zelandiya mevalarni tanlab ko'paytirish, tijorat maqsadlarida etishtirish va eksport qilish bo'yicha birinchi mamlakat bo'ldi. Bugungi kunda ishlab chiqarish markazlashtirilgan Te Puke ammo kivi boshqa ko'plab bog'dorchilik sohalarida ham etishtiriladi. Yangi Zelandiya kivi mavsumida apreldan yanvargacha; mavsumdan tashqari u shimoliy yarim shardan (asosan Italiya) import qilinadi. Dilim ko'pincha pavlova ustiga to'ldirish sifatida ishlatiladi (quyida joylashgan shirinliklar bo'limiga qarang). E'tibor bergan: Qolgan dunyo bu mevani "kivi" deb atasa, Yangi Zelandiyada u doimo "kivi" deb nomlanadi. "Kivi" parvozsiz milliy qushni nazarda tutadi, u qo'riqlanadigan tur va uni o'ldirish (u yoqda tursin) jinoiy javobgarlikka tortiladi.
- Komara yoki shirin kartoshka - kartoshka bilan bir xil tarzda qovuriladi va ko'pincha o'rniga yoki yonida xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari, kartoshka chiplari kabi chuqur qovurilgan bo'lishi mumkin va ma'lum kūmara chiplari - smetana bilan yaxshi pishirilgan, lekin kamdan-kam hollarda yaxshi pishirilgan, chunki u kartoshkadan boshqa haroratda pishiradi, shuning uchun taomni mukammal bajarish uchun unga malakali oshpaz kerak. Uchta asosiy nav mavjud: Owairaka Red ("qizil"), Toka Toka Gold ("oltin") va Beuregard ("apelsin"). Owairaka Red, to'q qizil / binafsha rang terisi va kremsi oq tanasi bilan, eng mashhur nav, ammo uchtasining tartestidir. Kamarani fevral oyidan boshlanadigan yangi mavsum bilan yil davomida olish mumkin. Asosiy o'sadigan maydon atrofida Dargavil.
- Pies - Yangi Zelandiyaliklar bir qo'liga yaxshi o'ralgan (170 g / 6 oz atrofida) tarkibida mazali plombalarning mavjud bo'lgan ko'p miqdordagi shilimshiq bo'lmagan pirojniylarni iste'mol qiladilar. Mashhur lazzatlar orasida qiyma, qiyma va pishloq, biftek, bifshteks va pishloq, kartoshkadan tayyorlangan maydalangan go'sht, cho'chqa go'shti va tuxum, tovuq va sabzavot mavjud. Mamlakat hatto bankrot bo'lishidan va barcha aktivlari McDonald'sga sotilishidan oldin, Amerikaning tezyurar gigantlarini pirogga asoslangan (Georgie Pie) zanjiri bilan olishga harakat qildi. Hozirgi kunda ba'zi kompaniyalar "gurme" piroglarini sotishmoqda va har yili turli toifadagi eng yaxshi piroglar tanlovi o'tkaziladi.
Dengiz mahsulotlari
Mamlakatning hech bir nuqtasi dengizdan 130 km (80 milya) uzoqlikda, baliq va dengiz mahsulotlari (kaimoana) yangi, xilma-xil va (aksariyat hollarda) mo'l-ko'l. Qisqichbaqasimonlar dengiz bo'yidagi toshlar va plyajlardan va chiziqda yoki to'r bilan tutilgan qirg'oq baliqlaridan yig'iladi.
- Bluff istiridyalari (ustritsalarni qazib olish) - Yangi Zelandiya bo'ylab topilganida, eng boy ko'rpa-to'shaklar Foveaux Bo'g'ozida, kichik port shaharchasidan tashqarida Bluff, shuning uchun bu nom. Ustritsalarni yig'ish mavsumi martdan avgustgacha davom etadi.
- Qisqichbaqa (tikanli tosh omar; Maori kōura (papatea)) - Yangi Zelandiya atrofida tutilgan, lekin ayniqsa shaharcha bilan bog'liq Kaikoura (uning ismi so'zma-so'z "kerevit eyish" degan ma'noni anglatadi).
- Yashil lablar - to'q yashil va jigarrang tanasi bilan porloq yashil labda bilan osongina ajralib turadi. Ular 1980-yillardan beri tijorat asosida etishtiriladi va qayta ishlangan va jonli shaklda tayyor.
- Paua - Yangi Zelandiyadagi qora oyoqli tog 'toshi toshqin suv ostida topilgan. Go'sht tez-tez yumshatiladi (aks holda u kauchukning mustahkamligiga ega), maydalangan, hosil bo'ladi qovurg'alar tuxumga asoslangan xamir bilan va qovurilgan. Paua go'shtining davom etadigan bozori kg uchun 130-150 dollarni tashkil qiladi, shuning uchun 10 dollardan pastroq narxda sotiladigan paua fritteridan ehtiyot bo'ling; agar tarkibida haqiqiy paua go'shti bo'lsa, go'shtni qora bozordan olish mumkin edi.
- Whitebait - har yili dengizda yumurtlamadan ko'chib o'tadigan mahalliy chuchuk suv baliqlarining shaffof sprat yoki barmoqlari. Bahor paytida (sentyabrdan noyabrgacha) qirg'oq bo'yidagi daryo og'ziga yoki qo'l to'rlariga tushib qolganidan so'ng, ushbu juda talab qilinadigan noziklik mamlakatning barcha chekkalariga shoshiladi. Ko'pincha "oqbayt fritters" (tuxum asosli xamirda oq qovurilgan qovurilgan patty) da xizmat qilishadi, ular mavsumiy ravishda mahalliy baliq va jip do'konlarida bo'lishi mumkin va ular mayda bo'lgani uchun, boshlarini olib tashlamasdan yoki pishirmasdan pishiriladi (2-7 mm keng).
Pishiriqlar va shirinliklar
- Pavlova yoki pav - ko'pirtirilgan tuxum oqi va shakaridan tayyorlangan va asta-sekin pishirilgan, tashqarisida po'stlog'li bezega o'xshash va o'rtasi yumshoq marshmallow kabi, ustiga qaymoq solingan va dilimlenmiş mevalar bilan bezatilgan shirinlik keki. Pavlovalarni pishirish juda nozik bo'lishi mumkin va juda tez sovutilsa, deflatsiya bilan mashhur, shuning uchun o'rtacha Yangi Zelandiya uy qurilishi pavosining rasmga o'xshashligini kutmang. Shirinlik Avstraliyada ham keng tarqalgan bo'lib, ikki mamlakat o'rtasida u birinchi bo'lib qaerda ixtiro qilinganligi to'g'risida juda ko'p bahs-munozaralar mavjud!
- Muzqaymoq - Yangi Zelandiyaliklar yiliga o'rtacha 23 litr muzqaymoq iste'mol qiladilar, bu dunyodagi eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlar qatorida. Kivining o'ziga xos ta'mi xokkey pokey, bu vanil muzqaymoq, ko'plab chuqurchalar tofisini o'z ichiga oladi.
- Lollies (shirinliklar / konfet) - Yangi Zelandiyadagi ramziy lolilar ananas parchalari (shokolad bilan qoplangan ananas aromati bilan chaynalgan irmoq), jaffalar (qattiq to'q sariq qobiq ichidagi shokolad to'plari), va shokoladli baliq (shokolad bilan qoplangan baliq shaklidagi marshmallow).
Maori oshxonasi
- The hangi yoki pechka - Maori katta yig'ilishlar uchun ovqat tayyorlashning an'anaviy usuli. Oldin toshlar bilan o'ralgan va u erda issiq o'tin yoqib yuborilgan yopiq chuqurda go'sht, sabzavot va ba'zida pudinglar bir necha soat davomida asta-sekin bug'da pishiriladi. Yong'inda ishlatiladigan o'tin odatda manuka (Yangi Zelandiya choy daraxti) bo'lib, u hangi uchun o'ziga xos tutunli lazzat bag'ishlaydi. Kabi ba'zi sohalarda Rotorua], bu tabiiy geotermik issiqlik yordamida ham amalga oshirilishi mumkin.
Ichish
Alkogolli
Yangi Zelandiyada spirtli ichimliklar uchun qonuniy sotib olishning minimal yoshi 18, va faqat 18 yoshgacha bo'lgan bolalarga ota-ona yoki qonuniy vakil orqali etkazib berish mumkin. Barlar va chakana sotuvchilar uchun 25 yoshga to'lmagan har qanday homiydan fotosurat identifikatsiyasini so'rash universal siyosatdir; yagona qabul qilinadigan identifikatsiya qilish shakllari pasport, Yangi Zelandiya haydovchilik guvohnomasi yoki Hospitality New Zealand (HNZ) tomonidan chiqarilgan 18 ta karta yoki Kiwi kirish kartasi.
Yangi zelandiyaliklar pivosidan bahramand bo'lish bilan mashhur bo'lib, o'rtacha kivi yiliga o'rtacha 71 litr ichadi. Garchi hozirda faqat uchta yirik pivo zavodi mavjud bo'lsa-da, ularning har biri o'ziga xos ta'mi va qat'iy tarafdorlariga ega bo'lgan ko'plab mintaqaviy brendlar mavjud. Qo'lbola pivo, ayniqsa, katta shaharlarda (va ayniqsa Vellingtonda) tobora ommalashib bormoqda va mavjud. Bir nechta misollarni keltirish uchun Tuatara, Garage Project yoki Epic kabi NZ pivolariga e'tibor bering. Heineken, Ginness, Carlsberg va Budweiser kabi xalqaro brendlar ham mavjud.
Yangi Zelandiya vino sanoati muhim eksport sanoatiga aylandi. Xalq hozir xalqaro miqyosda Sauvignon Blanning eng yaxshi ishlab chiqaruvchilardan biri sifatida tanilgan; mamlakatdagi uzum yig'im-terimining 70% dan ortig'i. Hawke's Bay mintaqasi Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay va Viognier navlari bilan mashhur. Marlborough - sharob ishlab chiqaradigan eng yirik mintaqa va Sauvignon Blanc bilan mashhur. Vaipara Shimoliy Canterbury Riesling va Pinot Gris ixtisoslashgan, va Wairarapa va Markaziy Otago Pinot Noirga ixtisoslashgan. Hozir ko'plab uzumzorlarda vinochilik bo'yicha sayohatlar, sharobni tatib ko'rish va uzumzordan sotish mavjud.
Qachon va qaerda jamoat bilan shug'ullanayotganingizga e'tibor bering. Yangi Zelandiyada alkogol ichimliklar taqiqlangan joylar mavjud - bu shuni anglatadiki, alkogolli ichimliklarni kun yoki tunning ma'lum vaqtlarida, masalan, shahar markazlari va mashhur sayohlarni jalb qilish mumkin emas. Politsiya sizga butilkalarni bo'shatishni va agar talablarga rioya qilmasangiz hibsga olishni buyurishi mumkin. Agar siz mast va tartibsiz deb topilsa, politsiya sizni hushyor tortguningizcha hibsda ushlab turishi mumkin.
Spirtsiz
Kofexonalar ko'plab yirik shaharlar va sayyohlik yo'nalishlarida kunduzgi makondir. Kafe madaniyati Vellington markazida e'tiborga loyiq, u erda ko'plab ofis ishchilari choy dam olishadi. Odatda kofe uslublari, kapuchino, latte, espresso / qisqa qora, uzun qora, tekis oq, vena va boshqalar mavjud. Yassi oqlar, ehtimol, eng mashhurdir. Cappuccinos are usually served with a choice of cinnamon or chocolate powder sprinkled on top. Its usual to request which one you want. Fluffies are a small frothed milk for children, sprinkled with chocolate powder.
L & P (Lemon & Paeroa) is a sweet, carbonated, lemonade-style drink said to be "world famous in New Zealand". It is a sold in a brown plastic bottle with a yellow label similar to the traditional brown glass bottles it used to be sold in. While originally manufactured in its namesake, Paeroa ichida Waikato, it is now manufactured in Auckland by Coca-Cola.
Uyqu
New Zealand offers a wide range of accommodation, from campsites and shared hostel rooms to international-quality luxury hotels in the major cities.
New Zealanders seem to have perfected the art of the top-dollar home-stay. Hosted luxury lodges are the top-end equivalent of the bed-and-breakfast market and New Zealand has upwards of 40 internationally recognised lodges. Per capita, that's probably the highest in the world. They tend to be situated away from cities and can be difficult to get to, though some are right in the heart of the major centres. At the very top-end, helicopter transfers and private jets help the luxury traveller move between the lodges they've chosen for their visit.
Motels of a variety of standards from luxury to just adequate can be found on the approaches to most towns. Most New Zealand motels feature kitchenettes, usually with cooking utensils, pots and pans, crockery and cutlery, so the traveller can avoid the cost of eating out by self-catering from their motel bedroom. Heating can be a problem in winter though – while an increasing number of motels have their ceilings and walls insulated, double glazing is still uncommon. Small-scale central heating is also uncommon, and most motel rooms are heated by plug-in electric heating or gas heaters.
Bed and breakfasts are popular with visiting Brits and Swiss, as are homestays, farmstays and similar lodgings – some of which are in the most unlikely places. These can be a good choice if the traveller wants to benefit from local insider tips from the resident hosts, and many visitors welcome the opportunity to sample the rural life. For uniquely New Zealand accommodation, there are Māori homestays and tourist-catering maree stays.
There is a wide range of backpacker accommodation around these islands, including a 50-strong network of youth hostels (catering for independent travellers of any age) that are members of the Youth Hostels Association. There are also two marketing networks of independent hostels: BBH with 280 listings and the much smaller Nomads network.
Holiday parks va motor camps provide sites for tents, caravans and campervans, with shared kitchens and bathroom facilities. Many also provide built accommodation, ranging from basic cabins to self-contained motel units. Many visitors travel around New Zealand in hired minibuses and vans, including self-contained campervans that can be driven by anyone who holds an ordinary car driver's licence.
The Department of Conservation (DOC) provides camping sites in national parks and other conservation reserves. If you are travelling into the backcountry, the DOC has many back-country huts that can be used under a permit system.
Freedom camping outside of recognised and marked camping areas is decreasingly available. It used to be common to find a tent or hammock pitched for the night in many picnic areas or in a grove of trees off the road or anywhere else there wasn't a "No Camping" sign. Due to growing local concerns about rubbish and human waste not being disposed of properly, together with moteliers resenting their falling incomes, many local authorities are now introducing tough restrictions with on-the-spot penalty notices being issued. Always dispose of all waste properly and leave your camping spots exactly as you found them (if not in better condition). Please respect this privilege and avoid leaving more ammunition for the people who want to restrict freedom camping even further. The Tourism Industry Association, DOC and the i-SITE network of information centres have produced a useful online map resource featuring over 1500 pay and free sites and based on Google maps.
New Zealand was one of the first countries in the world after the UK to develop a dense WWoOF network. "Willing Workers on Organic Farms" pioneered the concept of travellers ("WWoOFers") staying as volunteers on farms and receiving food and accommodation in exchange for doing a half-day of work for each night they stay. The Nelson Tasman region in the South Island is particularly rich in WWOOFing possibilities. HelpX, which is similar to WWOOF but is not restricted to just organics, originated in and has its largest country network in New Zealand.
Couchsurfing is popular in New Zealand, with most major centres sporting active forums and groups, and having hosts all around the nation.
Qualmark, a government-owned organisation, provides a star rating system for accommodation and other tourism services.
O'rganing
For many years, New Zealand schools and universities have educated foreign students from the countries of Southeast Asia and education has now become a major source of export earnings for the country. English language schools have been established for students from the region, particularly Janubiy Koreya va China, but also many other countries. The most prestigious university in New Zealand is arguably the University of Auckland; other major universities include Victoria University yilda Vellington, the University of Canterbury yilda Christchurch, va University of Otago yilda Dunedin.
The Ministry of Education has established a Code of Practice that New Zealand educational institutions enrolling international students under 18 years old need to abide by. This Code of Practice includes minimum standards for the pastoral care of international students. Primary school students (ages 5–12) need to either live with a parent/guardian or else board in a school hostel. Secondary school students (ages 13–18) may live in home-stays, temporary accommodation or with designated caregivers. Where the institution arranges accommodation for students older than age 18 the code of practice applies to their accommodation situations also.
New Zealand citizens, permanent residents and refugees can receive financial assistance through loans and allowances, to pay the tuition fees and to attend tertiary education at Universities, Polytechnics, Whananga (Māori operated universities/polytechnics) and Private Training Providers. Australian citizens and permanent residents pay the same tuition fees as New Zealand citizens, but must have lived in New Zealand for at least 3 years to be eligible for loans and allowances. Overseas students will need to pay the full tuition fees and their own living costs while studying at a New Zealand institution. Many universities and polytechnics in New Zealand have minimum English language requirements, and may require proof through an English proficiency test such as IELTS for students who have not completed at least three years in a New Zealand secondary school.
Non-Australian overseas students need to have a student visa and a reasonable level of cash to spend in order to undertake a course of study at a New Zealand based educational institution. Visas are generally valid for the duration of the course of study and only while the student is attending the course of study. New Zealand educational institutions will inform the appropriate immigration authorities if a student ceases to attend their enrolled courses, who may then suspend or cancel that student's visa. Educational institutions often also exchange this enrolment and attendance data electronically with other government agencies responsible for providing student assistance.
Sailing
New Zealand takes pride in its sailing tradition and skill. Team New Zealand won the America's Cup in 1995 and 2000, under the leadership of Sir Peter Blake, becoming the first team from a country outside the United States to win and successfully defend the America's Cup. There are many "learn to sail" programs offered by yacht clubs across the country.
Work
To work in New Zealand as a non-Australian foreign citizen you will need to obtain a work visa, which generally requires a job offer from either an accredited employer or in an area of skill shortage to obtain. Students on student visas can work part-time for up to 20 hours per week. Australian citizens and permanent residents are entitled to work in New Zealand indefinitely on a visa waiver. It is illegal to work in New Zealand on a visitor visa, and doing so runs a risk of arrest, imprisonment and deportation.
You will need to have a New Zealand bank account, as most employers pay using electronic banking rather than in cash. You will also need to apply for an Inland Revenue Department (IRD) Number if you don't already have one, so your employer may deduct income tax at the correct rate. If you don't supply your employer with your IRD number, you'll be taxed at the no declaration rate of 45% (compared with the top tax rate of 33%).
The New Zealand tax year runs from 1 April to 31 March. If you are a wage and salary earner, then you don't need to file a tax return unless you have undeclared income or need to claim expenses. If the IRD calculates you've overpaid or underpaid tax in the last tax year, they will contact you from mid-May onwards. Being a foreigner means that your New Zealand income is subject to local income tax at the fullest levels. Although many people believe that they can collect all their tax back when they leave the country, this is not true. Be careful though, if you choose to work in New Zealand and you stay more than 183 days in any 12-month period, your worldwide income could be taxed. New Zealand has double taxation agreements with several countries to stop tax being paid twice.
Unless you choose to opt out, employers will automatically deduct 3% of your wages each week in KiwiSaver, the government's retirement savings scheme. If you permanently leave New Zealand and move to any country other than Australia, you can claim back any KiwiSaver funds after one year. If you move to Australia, you can transfer your KiwiSaver funds to your Australian superannuation scheme at any time; contact your provider to arrange this.
As of 1 April 2021, the minimum wage for those aged 18 and over is $20.00 per hour before tax and deductions. Be careful as some unscrupulous employers like to pay foreigners below the minimum wage thinking they don't know better.
Seasonal work such as fruit picking and other agricultural work is sometimes available for tourists. More information about legal seasonal fruit picking work can be found at Pick NZ.
New Zealand has a number of reciprocal Working Holiday Schemes, which allow people between 18 and 30 to travel and work in New Zealand for up to one year and vice versa. Young citizens of many countries from Europe, South America, North America and Asia can apply. These schemes are enormously popular and in many instances, participants can apply to stay in New Zealand longer once they have completed their one-year stay. Information on all the various schemes and application details.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
The main emergency number in New Zealand is 111, and can be used to contact ambulance, the fire service, police, the coastguard, and rescue services. 112 works from mobile phones; 911 and 999 may work, but do not rely on them. You can call *555 from mobiles to report non-emergency traffic incidents. You can call 105 for non-emergency police, e.g. to report a theft or burglary (from overseas, you can call 64 4 910-5105 to reach 105).
Due to their isolation, the Chatam orollari are not connected to the 111 network and have their own local emergency number: ☏ 64 3 305-0111. While you can dial this number from your mobile, it won't work as the Chatham Islands have no mobile phone reception. Deaf people can contact emergency services by fax on 0800 16 16 10, and by textphone/TTY on 0800 161 616. It is possible to send an SMS to 111, but you must register with police first.
Full instructions are on the inside front cover of every telephone book. Other emergency numbers and personal crisis numbers are on pages 2 to 4 of the white pages section.
Crime and security
While difficult to make international comparisons, the level of crime in New Zealand is similar to other western countries. Dishonesty offences, such as theft, are by far the most frequent crime. Much of this crime is opportunistic in nature, so travellers should take simple, sensible precautions such as putting valuables away out of sight or in a secure place and locking doors of vehicles, even in remote locations.
Violent crime in public places is associated with alcohol or illicit drug consumption. Rowdy bars or drunken crowds in city centres, or groups of youths in the suburbs, are best avoided, especially late at night and in the early morning. New Zealanders can be somewhat lacking in a sense of humour when their country or their sporting teams are mocked by loud or drinking tourists.
There are occasional disturbing high profile media reports of tourists being targeted in random violent robberies and sexual crimes. These crimes tend to happen in isolated places, where the chances of the offender being observed by other people are low. However, the chances of falling victim to such misfortune is low; statistics show you're more likely to be attacked by someone in your travelling party than a complete stranger.
A major terrorist attack occurred in Christchurch on 15 March 2019, in which a white supremacist carried out consecutive shootings on two mosques, killing 51 people. However, the long-term terrorist threat in New Zealand is similar to other Western countries.
The New Zealand Police is the national police force, and police officers are generally polite, helpful and trustworthy. Unlike in most other nations, New Zealand police officers do not routinely carry firearms, the exception being those guarding key installations such as airports, diplomatic missions and some government buildings; officers on the beat typically only carry batons, offender control pepper spray, and Tasers. Firearm-related incidents are typically left to the specialist Armed Offenders Squad (AOS, similar to SWAT in the United States) to deal with. Armed police or an AOS callout usually rates a mention in the media.
Police fines can be paid online by credit card or internet banking, by posting a cheque or in person at any branch of Westpac Bank. Do not try to pay the police officer directly as this is considered bribery and will be dealt with accordingly.
Racism
New Zealand is in general a fairly tolerant country with respect to race, and most visitors to New Zealand do not run into any incidents. While it is not particularly difficult to encounter someone who has racist views in the pub, it is in general rare to face open aggression in the street on the basis of one's race. Legislation prohibits hate speech and racial discrimination in a wide range of public spheres such as education and employment.
Illicit drugs
Most illicit drugs, including preparations, precursor substances and paraphernalia, are illegal to possess and to deal in New Zealand. Possession of illicit drugs is punishable by up to 6 months in prison, although it is rare for offenders to get more than a fine or community service. Police may offer diversion for possession of cannabis or another class C drug (e.g. barbiturates, benzodiazepines) as an alternative to being convicted in court. New Zealand has a "presumption of supply law", which means if you're found in possession drugs above a certain quantity (0.5 grams for cocaine and heroin, 5 grams for methamphetamine, 28 grams for cannabis), you'll be presumed to be a supplier and will be charged with dealing in drugs rather than possession.
The penalties for dealing in illicit drugs, whether it be importing/exporting, trafficking, manufacturing, cultivating or selling, are much stiffer than for possession; dealing in class A drugs (e.g. heroin, cocaine, LSD, methamphetamine) can attract a sentence of life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 10 years.
A referendum on legalising cannabis in New Zealand was held alongside the 2020 general election, but failed by a narrow margin (50.7% opposed to 48.4% in favour).
Natural hazards
Severe weather is by far the most common natural hazard encountered. Although New Zealand is not subject to the direct hit of tropical cyclones, stormy weather systems from both the tropics and the polar regions can sweep across New Zealand at various times of the year. There is generally a seven to ten day cycle of a few days of wet or stormy weather followed by calmer and drier days as weather systems move across the country. The phrase four seasons in one day is a good description of New Zealand weather, which has a reputation for both changeability and unpredictability. The phrase is also a popular Kiwi song.
Weather forecasts are generally reliable for overall trends and severe weather warnings should be heeded when broadcast. However both the timing and intensity of any weather events should be assessed from your own location.
You should always seek advice from the Department of Conservation when trekking in alpine areas. There are annual fatalities of both foreign nationals and New Zealanders caught unaware by the weather.
There are other natural hazards you may encounter, though far more rarely:
- Strong earthquakes - New Zealand, being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, sits astride a tectonic plate boundary and experiences large numbers (about 14,000/year) of earthquakes every year, although only around 200 are strong enough to be felt by humans and only 1-2 causes any material damage. Only two recorded earthquakes in New Zealand have resulted in serious loss of life; the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake (7.8 magnitude, 256 dead), and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake (6.3 magnitude, 185 dead). The latest quake news is reported by GeoNet. In an earthquake, running outside the building is generally more hazardous than remaining inside and finding cover; buildings in New Zealand are built to high standards, and while they may be damaged in an earthquake, they should remain standing.
- If you do feel a strong earthquake, remember Drop, Cover, Hold: drop to the ground, cover yourself under a table or desk (or cover your head and neck with your hands if no table or desk is available), and hold on until the shaking stops.
- Tsunami is a possible risk in coast parts of New Zealand. Warning of a tsunami from an overseas earthquake will be widely publicised via media. However, should you experience a very strong earthquake (over a minute long, or so strong you cannot easily stand) you should move to high ground (35 m or more) or at least 1km inland as a precaution until an all clear is given.
- Volcanic eruptions - New Zealand has a number of volcanoes that are classified as active or dormant. Active volcanoes include Mount Ruapehu, Tongariro, White Island and the remote Kermadec Islands. Volcanic activity is also monitored by GeoNet.
- There are almost no poisonous or dangerous animals. The katipo and Australian redback are the only two venomous spiders and bites from both species are extremely rare. Serious reactions are uncommon and unlikely to develop in less than three hours, though you should always seek help at your nearest hospital, medical centre, or doctor. The bite of the white-tailed spider is painful but not in fact, despite folklore, especially dangerous to humans. Certain ferocious-looking species of wētā (a giant flightless cricket) can deliver a painful but harmless bite. New Zealand has no wolves, bears, big cats, crocodiles or other predators, and no snakes at all: it's safe to walk alone in the bush, or even lie down and have a nap.
Volunteer fire brigade sirens
Outside the major cities, New Zealanders rely on volunteer fire brigades to protect their community. As mobiles and pagers have a tendency to fail, sirens are still regularly used day and night to call out firefighters. These sirens sound similar to British World War II air-raid sirens, and make a wailing (up and down) sound. Don't be alarmed if the siren goes off: tourists in the past have been caught unaware and have panicked thinking New Zealand was under nuclear attack!
Firearms
New Zealand does not have constitutional rights with regards to firearm ownership, and possession of any type of firearm requires a licence from the police. The standard firearms licence only allow the person to possess sporting type shotguns and rifles, and for pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) air rifles; semi-automatic weapons and military-grade assault rifles are illegal for civilians to possess, and all other types of firearms require an additional endorsement. Air weapons, and PCP airsoft and paintball rifles, are an exception to this rule, and may be purchased by anybody over the age of 18 without a licence. It is extremely rare for civilians to carry firearms in urban areas, and doing so would likely draw suspicion from the public and police.
Visitors who wish to bring firearms into New Zealand are required to obtain a permit from the police at least one month before arrival. In practice receiving one is difficult, and is only possible if you are entered in an official shooting competition or are travelling for hunting.
Stay healthy
| COVID-19 ma `lumot: If you have any symptoms of COVID-19 (cough, fever, shortness of breath, etc.), phone the dedicated Healthline COVID-19 line on 0800-358-5453 (or 64 9 358-5453 from overseas) for instructions. |
| (Information last updated 18 May 2020) |
New Zealand has very high levels of ultraviolet radiation, around 40% more intense than you will find in the Mediterranean during summer, and consequently has high rates of skin cancer. Sun hats, sunglasses and sunscreen are highly recommended.
Smog is a perennial winter problem in many South Island towns and cities, especially Alexandra, Christchurch and Timaru. Like Los Angeles and Vancouver, these areas are affected by temperature inversion, whereby a layer of warm air traps cold air full of pollutants from vehicles and wood fires close to the ground. Be wary in these areas if you have any respiratory problems (including asthma).
New Zealand has high and equitable standards of professional health care, comparable with Sweden or Australia.
Tap water in New Zealand is regarded as some of the cleanest in the world; it is safe to drink in all cities. Most comes from artesian wells or freshwater reservoirs, but some comes from rivers, which can be chlorinated to be made safe, but does not always taste very nice. Tap water in places such as Christchurch is usually not chlorinated at all as it is drawn from the pure artesian aquifers of the Canterbury Plains. Bottled water is commonly available if you prefer. Precautions should be taken against Giardia when tramping: do not drink water from rural streams without boiling it first. Risk may be lower in the highlands of the Janubiy orol, especially where streams are strong and come directly from melting snow in the mountain.
You will not need any special immunisations before travelling to New Zealand. However it is recommended you check you are up to date with vaccinations for whooping cough (pertussis) and measles, as there have been sporadic outbreaks, especially among children and teenagers. It may pay to get a flu vaccination if you are travelling in the New Zealand winter season.
Medical care
Healthcare in New Zealand is generally of a similar standard to other developed countries. Visiting the doctor will cost about $60-70 but varies between practices and localities. Appointments outside normal business hours may cost extra. The New Zealand public hospital system is free of charge to citizens and permanent residents of Australia or New Zealand, British citizens, and work visa holders authorised to stay in New Zealand for at least 2 years, but will charge all others for treatment received. International students are generally required to take up private health insurance as part of their visa conditions. Travel insurance is highly recommended for visitors.
New Zealand is the only country in the world to have a universal, no-fault, accidental injury compensation scheme, run by the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC). Even if you are just visiting, if you are injured while in New Zealand, ACC will pay the cost of your treatment and, if you're working, will cover up to 80% of any lost New Zealand earnings. To claim ACC, you only need to turn up at the doctor's surgery or Accident & Emergency; they will give you a claim form to complete which will then be sent to ACC on your behalf. There may be a part charge for treatment at a doctor's clinic. You can not sue an at-fault party in relation to an injury covered by ACC, except for exemplary damages (and even then, there is a high threshold).
ACC will not cover any incidental costs you incur, such as costs for changing travel arrangements or for relatives to come to New Zealand to assist in your care, as you will be expected to hold travel insurance for these costs. ACC coverage is limited to New Zealand, so you are liable for any medical costs relating to an injury once you leave the country. Any property damaged or lost in an accident is also not covered by ACC, but if another person was at fault you can claim via their insurance, or directly if they are uninsured (although you may need to claim through a court process if they refuse to pay).
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Ambulance services are provided by Wellington Free Ambulance in the Greater Wellington area, and St John's Ambulance elsewhere. Fire and Emergency New Zealand generally co-responds to any report of cardiac or respiratory arrest, so don't be surprised if a fire engine turns up before an ambulance does.
Prescription medication in New Zealand is generally referred to by its International Non-proprietary Name (INN) rather than any brand name. New Zealand has a single national drug-buyer, Pharmac, whose main aim to keep medicine prices low. It does mean subsidised drugs changing brands every five years (hence why drugs are known by their INNs), but it also means prescription drug shelf prices are among the cheapest in the OECD. On average, subsidised prescription medicines in New Zealand cost two-thirds of what they do in the UK and Australia, and one-third of what they do in the United States. Subsidised medications are available to New Zealand, Australian and UK citizens; a deductible of $15 applies for casual patients ($5 for enrolled patients). For those from other countries and those requiring unsubsidised medications, you will have to pay the full shelf price.
On arrival at an Accident and Emergency department of a public hospital you will be triaged and treated in order of priority rather than order of arrival. In a moderately busy A&E, a simple broken bone will generally require a 30- to 60-minute wait, but if heart attack and car accident victims keep coming in this can easily blow out to several hours. Children with a similar injury to yours will probably be treated before adults. If your illness or accident is minor, you may be advised to seek assistance from a doctor's clinic or after hours medical centre. This may cost you more than $100, but will prevent you waiting up to a whole day for treatment.
Healthline, a free 24-hour hotline staffed by registered nurses, is available if you need advice on a medical condition. The phone number is 0800 611 116.
Respect
Social behaviour
New Zealanders are generally warm and sociable, but will hold strangers at a distance.
- New Zealand is a country where "please" and "thank you" can be used more than once in a sentence without being out of place, and where an initial refusal of an offer is part of a polite banter. You should follow up a politely refused offer, with "Are you sure?", etc. Criticisms and compliments are often understated.
- If you wish to communicate with a New Zealander outside of a formal situation you are best to initiate the conversation. If you are unsure of the location of your intended destination ask a local. Your accent will trigger the local's desire to be helpful to tourists and they will normally offer to go beyond giving simple directions to help you.
- New Zealanders will often ask many (sometimes probing) questions about your home country or culture. This is not meant to be offensive: it reflects a genuine interest in other people and cultures and a desire to gain first-hand knowledge.
- If staying for more than a few days at someone's house, if they are younger than 35 it is considered polite to leave a token amount of money, say $20, to 'cover the power bill', especially if you are the guest at a shared flat/apartment/house.
- In conversations, if you want to contradict something someone has said, be gentle. New Zealanders will often be happy to learn something new and incorporate it into their knowledge but will also defend strongly something they have direct knowledge of.
- Some New Zealanders tend to swear a lot. It generally isn't meant to be offensive; sometimes they may even use swear words to refer to friends.
- New Zealand society is understood by New Zealanders to be classless and egalitarian. While in reality New Zealand is far from classless, talking about class and personal wealth isn't usually well received. New Zealanders, even wealthy New Zealanders, tend to behave in a somewhat frugal manner.
Dress
New Zealanders generally dress 'smart casual', with a prevalence of wearing black or dark clothing. You will see people in suits on weekdays only in the cities.
- Wearing brightly coloured clothing will mark you as a tourist. In most cases this will be to your advantage due to New Zealanders wanting to be hospitable to tourists. However, being marked as a tourist may attract unwanted attention from less than savoury people. Use common sense if you are approached by a local.
- New Zealand's weather can be very changeable, a cold front can make the temperature drop suddenly. Make sure you take a jacket or jumper with you at all times. Equally, if you hit a beautiful, sunny, warm day you may also need to cover up to prevent the harsh sun causing sunburn.
- New Zealanders, as a general rule, dress more casually than is common in Europe or North America, and over-dressing might make you stand out in the wrong way. Higher end restaurants might publish a dress code on their website. New Zealanders are generally hospitable to a fault, if you are invited to a function, do not be shy to ask what the expected dress code is.
- If going to an expensive formal restaurant for a meal you will not need to wear a suit and tie, but wearing jeans and t-shirts is frowned upon. Smart trousers, a collared shirt and dress shoes for men, and smart trousers or skirt and blouse for women would be typical. At all non-formal dining there will be an expectation of being tidily dressed.
- If drinking in bars, check out what the locals are wearing before going. Wearing shorts and sandals may be acceptable in rural areas, but trousers and shoes are a minimum standard for most city bars and restaurants. Some nightclubs insist upon collared shirts and refuse entry to men wearing sports shoes. Women will generally be granted admission regardless of dress.
- It is common for young people to go barefoot more frequently than travelers from Europe or America might be used to. It's fairly common for students to go barefoot at school (especially for athletic practice), and even in stores and fast food restaurants. Be certain emas to mistake this as a sign of poverty nor as lack of sophistication. It's not the least bit unusual to find students from wealthy families walking around barefoot at an excellent junior or high school.
- At most beaches, nudity is frowned upon. If you do wish to go nude (or topless for women) you will only be breaking the law if you cause offence to another person so walking away from the main beach to a quieter spot will usually get around any problems.
Māori culture
Māori cultural experiences are popular tourist attractions enjoyed by many people but, as with any two cultures encountering one another, there is room for misunderstanding. Some tourists have found themselves more confronted than they expected by ceremonial challenges and welcomes. These are serious occasions; avoid chatter and laughter. There will be plenty of time to relax and joke later after the formalities are over.
Maori tikanga (cultural customs and etiquette) is generally simple for foreigners to follow even if the reasoning behind them may not seem clear:
- Do not eat, drink or wear shoes inside the wharenui (carved meeting house).
- A person's head is considered tapu (sacred). Do not touch someone's head without permission, pass anything over anyone's head, or sit on a pillow (since it's used to rest your head).
- Do not sit on a table or any surface used to prepare or serve food.
Māori, Pākehā (Kiwis of European descent) and other New Zealanders (all-comers) are generally on good terms.
National identity
New Zealanders have a distinct and jealously guarded national identity. Although it has many similarities with other western cultures, it isn't a state of Australia, or still part of the British Empire (though it is a member of the Commonwealth and the British Monarch is the head of state). While Australia and New Zealand have close foreign policy ties, considerable inter-migration and overlapping cultures, saying New Zealanders are basically Australians will not gain you any Kiwi or Aussie friends. It is pretty much the same relationship as with Canadians and Americans or the Irish and Brits. In many ways, Australia and New Zealand have a similar outlook towards the other, with the same clichéd jokes being made.
Despite the jokes about New Zealand, most Australians have a genuine affection for New Zealanders (and vice versa); the relationship between the two countries is often described as sibling-like, with the sibling rivalry to boot. This can be traced back to ANZAC (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps), participation in two world wars (particularly the Gallipoli and North African campaigns), Korea, Vietnam, the Malaya Crisis, Solomon Islands, etc. When a disaster strikes one country, you will see charity collections for relief efforts underway in the other.
LGBT travellers
New Zealand is one of the world's most welcoming nations towards gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. There is an equal age of consent of 16 for heterosexual and homosexual couples, and there are anti-discrimination and hate crime laws in relation to sexual orientation and gender (which implicitly includes gender identity). While some homophobic attitudes do exist (mostly among religious fundamentalists), even people who might not be comfortable with homosexuality tend to exhibit the common New Zealand pragmatic 'live and let live' attitude.
In August 2013, New Zealand became the first country in the Asia-Pacific region to legalise same-sex marriage. There is a small but thriving same-sex marriage tourism industry in New Zealand.
Religion
Historically, New Zealanders have never been very religious, and contemporary New Zealand society is one of the more secular in the world, with regular church-goers being in the minority. Nevertheless, most New Zealanders are (usually) tolerant towards people of all faiths as long as you do not proselytise or inconvenience others with your religious beliefs. If you do so, do not be surprised to get an earful.
Ulanmoq
Telephone
New Zealand has a well developed and ubiquitous telephone system. The country's legacy phone company, Spark, claimed in 2009 to have about 4,000 payphones in NZ which can be easily identified by their yellow and blue colours, but these numbers are now diminishing. All of them accept major credit cards and a variety of phonecards available from retailers. You may have to look hard for a payphone that accepts coins.
There is an online directory of telephone subscribers. You can also call directory assistance on 018.
The international access code or prefix is 00. (When using a mobile phone, like everywhere else, the plus symbol " " can be used instead of the 00 prefix.)
The country code for international calls to New Zealand is 64. When dialling from overseas, omit any leading '0' in the area code.
There are five area codes:
- 03 for all of the South Island, Stewart Island and the Chathams
- 04 for Greater Wellington (excluding Wairarapa)
- 06 for Taranaki, Whanganui, Manawatu, the Central North Island south of Mount Ruapehu, Hawke's Bay, East Coast, and Wairarapa.
- 07 for Waikato, Mo'l-ko'l Bay and the Central North Island north of Mount Ruapehu
- 09 for Auckland and Northland.
You'll need to dial the area code if you are making non-local toll calls, even if the area code is the same (eg: you have to dial 03 when calling Christchurch from Dunedin, 07 when calling Hamilton from Tauranga, etc). Some of the rules defining what is a local call and what is a toll call can be confusing e.g. calling Kaiapoi to Rolleston (37 km away) is a local call, but Kaiapoi to Rangiora (11 km away) is a toll call - if in doubt, include the area code.
Freephone numbers start 0508 yoki 0800 and can not be connected from outside New Zealand.
Collect (reverse charge) calls can be made by calling the operator on 010 (or 0170 for international calls) and following the instructions.
The emergency number is 111, except in the Chatham Islands where it is 64 3 305-0111
Mobile phones
All major NZ mobile networks claim to have coverage "where 97% of NZers live, work and play", although this needs to be taken with a grain of salt. Mobile telephone coverage is good near urban areas although the mountainous terrain means that, outside these urban areas and especially away from the main highway system, coverage may be patchy. Do not rely on mobile phones in hilly or mountainous terrain. Mobile telephone users can call *555 only to report Non-emergency traffic safety incidents, such as a breakdown, road hazard or non-injury car crash, to the Police.
All mobile phone numbers in New Zealand usually start with 02, usually followed by eight digits (there are some seven- and nine-digit numbers in the 021 range).
| Carrier | GSM (2G) | UMTS (3G) | LTE (4G) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2degrees | Template:N/a | 900MHz/2100MHz | Band 3/28 |
| Spark | Template:N/a | 850MHz/2100MHz | Band 3/7/28 |
| Vodafone | 900MHz/1800MHz | 900MHz/2100MHz | Band 3/7/28 |
- 2degrees operates a relatively young 3G/4G network.
- Spark (formerly Telecom NZ) operates a 3G/4G network nationwide (using the same frequencies as Telstra in Australia and AT&T in the US).
- Skinny is a brand of Spark that provides the same service with a cheaper price.
- Vodafone NZ operates a nationwide 2G/3G/4G network. Vodafone also offer a visitor SIM specifically for travellers.
SIM cards are widely available and no registration is necessary. Most airports and shopping malls have stores from all network providers available for purchasing access and getting information about their networks. SIM cards and recharge vouchers are also available in supermarkets and dairies. A prepaid sim-card connection pack with $20 credit from Vodafone costs around $30, prepaid sim-cards from 2degrees and Spark costs $5 while Skinny costs $2.
Standard sim-cards, Micro-SIMs and nano-SIMs are available from all mobile providers, as are data-only plans for use in iPads or USB modems.
Internet
Some places offer free Wi-Fi to their customers. Often it may be available for a charge.
Internet access is available in cyber cafés and there are generally many of these in the major cities. Some Internet (cyber) cafés may not be maintained properly, but there are places around that maintain a high level of security when it comes to their systems. If you have your own laptop, many cyber cafés allow wired and wireless access. It is slowly becoming more common to allow tourists to use their own laptops to access the Internet.
Many public libraries have public Internet access. There may be a charge. The Auckland City Public Library allows for two 15 min sessions a day at no charge. Hourly rates for are usually in the range of $4-8, with cheaper rates of around $2-4 at cyber cafés within the main city centres. Some providers, such as the Christchurch City Library network, offer free access to some sites, usually ones of interest such as Google, BBC and CNN and those in the .nz top level domain.
You can purchase vouchers for Wi-Fi access from many Starbucks cafés and many McDonald's fast food outlets have free Wi-Fi. It is becoming more common to be provided at hotels and motels using vouchers, but it is seldom free as part of your room rate. There are wireless Hotspots in many cities and towns all over New Zealand from dedicated Wireless providers from whom you can buy connect time. Many camping holiday parks also have such services available. Free Wi-Fi is not that common but the best free locations are at the libraries in many small and medium-sized towns.
Vellington, Oklend va Dunedin aeroportida bepul Wi-Fi mavjud, ammo Christchurch aeroporti hanuzgacha terminallarda simsiz xizmat uchun haq oladi.
Spark uyali aloqa mijozlari uchun butun mamlakat bo'ylab taksofon tarmog'i orqali bepul Wi-Fi-ni taqdim etadi. Mijoz bo'lmaganlar bepul haftalik sinovdan so'ng haftasiga 9,99 dollarga sotib olishlari mumkin. Kuniga 1 GB hajmdagi ma'lumotlar sarlavhasi mavjud.
Yangi Zelandiyaning internet tezligi boshqa birinchi dunyo davlatlari bilan taqqoslanadi, ammo xalqaro saytlarga engil tezlikda kirishni kutmang; mamlakatni eng yaqin qo'shnisidan 2200 km suv ajratib turishini unutmang, va dengiz osti kabellarini qurish va saqlash arzon emas. Gigabit quvvatiga ega tola binolariga ("Ultra Fast Broadband" yoki UFB) aholining 67% i, asosan yirik shahar va shaharlarda ega. ADSL / VDSL keng polosali internet ko'pgina hududlarda, simli Internet esa Vellington va Christchurchning ayrim qismlarida mavjud. Agar siz chekka qishloqqa borsangiz, Internet mavjud bo'lsa, 3G / 4G mobil keng polosali aloqa orqali bo'lishini kuting; agar u bo'lmasa, sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali yoki hatto dial-up orqali.
Pochta
Milliy pochta aloqasi Yangi Zelandiya pochtasi. NZ Post kecha davomida taklif va o'sha kuni Yangi Zelandiya bo'ylab kuryerlik xizmatlari; bir vaqtning o'zida bir kechada FastPost xizmati mavjud edi, ammo bu o'rniga bir kecha-kunduz kuryer keldi.
Postante Restante chet eldan Yangi Zelandiyaga tashrif buyurganingizda va butun mamlakat bo'ylab pochta bo'limlarida mavjud bo'lgan xatlar va posilkalarni qabul qilish uchun arzon xizmatdir. Hisoblagichni etkazib berish uch oygacha qisqa muddatli pochta manzili kerak bo'lsa, mahalliy PostShop va ba'zi PostCentre savdo shoxobchalarida milliy sifatida mavjud.
Otkritkalarni Yangi Zelandiya (2,3 kun) ichida yuborish uchun 1,20 dollar, xalqaro miqyosda yuborish uchun 2,40 dollar (3–10 kun) turadi. DL o'lchamiga (130 mm × 235 mm) qadar bo'lgan xatlar Yangi Zelandiya va Avstraliya va Tinch okeanining janubiy qismidagi postkartalar bilan bir xil, boshqa yo'nalishlarga yuborilgan xatlar esa 3,00 dollarni tashkil etadi.
Yangi Zelandiyada 4 xonali pochta indeksi ishlatiladi. Qishloq manzillari shahar atrofi o'rniga RD (qishloq etkazib berish) raqamlaridan foydalanadi. Pochta manzillari odatda quyidagi formatda:
- Qabul qiluvchining nomi
- Ko'cha manzili / PO Box raqami
- Shahar atrofi / RD raqami / PO Box lobbi
- Shahar pochta indeksi
Engish
Elektr
- Shuningdek qarang: Elektr tizimlari
Elektr quvvati 230 volt (ortiqcha yoki minus 6%) 50 Hz bilan ta'minlanadi. Chiqish joylari Avstraliyaning AS / NZS 3112 "I toifa" bo'lib, faza va neytral uchun ikkita tekis egilgan pim va er osti qismida vertikal tekis pim mavjud. Hammom xonalarida A (Shimoliy Amerika), C (Evropa) va I (Avstraliya) turlarini qabul qiladigan 115/230 V qirg'ich rozetkasi o'rnatilgan bo'lishi mumkin - bu savdo shoxobchalari taxminan 50 vattdan ortiq maishiy texnika olishga qodir emas. Umuman olganda, AQSh va Kanadalik sayohatchilar Shimoliy Amerika elektr jihozlaridan foydalanishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsalar, adapter va konverterni to'plashlari kerak. Evropalik sayohatchilar ba'zi yuqori tortish moslamalarida amperni tekshirishlari kerak bo'lishi mumkin; Yangi Zelandiya maishiy savdo shoxobchalari maksimal 10 A (2300 Vt) ga mo'ljallangan. Agar siz juda ko'p quvvat sarf qilsangiz, siz elektron to'sarni ochasiz.
Elektr ta'minoti odatda barqaror va ishonchli. Elektr energiyasining 75% qayta tiklanadigan manbalardan, ya'ni gidro (55%), geotermik (15%) va shamoldan (5%) ishlab chiqariladi. Buyuk to'siq oroli, Styuart oroli, Chatam orollari va Janubiy orolning ayrim ajratilgan qismlari (shu jumladan Xaast va Milford Sound) milliy elektr tarmog'iga ulanmagan. Kattaroq xarajatlar tufayli ushbu hududlarda elektr energiyasidan foydalanishga e'tibor bering.
Konsullik yordami
Barcha elchixonalar va yuqori komissiya poytaxtda, Vellington, ammo konsulliklar ham mavjud Oklend, Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson va Qirolicha.
Avstraliya, 72-76 Hobson St, Thorndon, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 473-6411. Oklenddagi konsulligi bilan Oliy komissiya.
Kanada, 11-daraja, 125 Teras, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 473-9577. Oklenddagi konsulligi bilan Oliy komissiya.
Xitoy, 2-6 Glenmore St, Kelburn, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 472-1382. Oklend va Kristchurchdagi konsulliklari bilan elchixona.
Janubiy Afrika, 7-darajali davlat sug'urtasi binosi, 1-Uillis ko'chasi, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 815-8484. Oklenddagi konsulligi bilan Oliy komissiya.
Birlashgan Qirollik, 44 Hill St, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 924-2888. Oklend va Kristchurchdagi konsulliklari bilan Oliy komissiya.
Qo'shma Shtatlar, 29 Fitsherbert Teras, Vellington, ☏ 64 4 462-6000. Oklenddagi konsulligi bilan elchixona.
Gazetalar
Oklendniki Yangi Zelandiya Herald asosan Shimoliy orolning yuqori qismida joylashgan Vellingtonning eng katta kundalik o'quvchilariga ega Dominion Post Christchurch-ga tegishli bo'lgan holda, Shimoliy Orolning tabiiy quyi suv havzasidan tashqariga chiqadi Matbuot asosan Janubiy orolning o'quvchilariga ega.
The Yakshanba kuni Herald, Sunday Star-Times va Milliy biznes sharhi, har hafta nashr etiladigan barcha nashrlar milliy qamrovga ega bo'lishni talab qiladi.
Kabi ko'plab mahalliy va jamoat gazetalari mavjud Nelson Mail, ammo Yangi Zelandiyaning deyarli barcha gazetalarida mahalliy bo'lmagan tarkibning ko'p qismini sindikatlovchi ikkita chet el egasi bor. Dunedinning Otago Daily Times eng yirik mustaqil gazeta bo'lib qolmoqda.
Radio
Yangi Zelandiyada har ikkala yirik shahar yoki shaharchada kamida bitta mahalliy stantsiya va bir qator milliy tarmoq stantsiyalari mavjud bo'lgan AM va FM-da ko'plab radiostansiyalar mavjud. Asosiy FM stantsiyalari 0,8 MGts oralig'ida joylashgan (to'ldirish stantsiyalari 0,4 MGts oralig'ida), shuning uchun agar siz mahalliy hudud uchun bitta stantsiyani topsangiz va bu sizga yoqmasa, boshqa stantsiyani topish uchun faqat 0,8 ga sozlang yoki tushiring (lekin emas) har bir bo'shliq to'ldirilgan).
Yangi Zelandiyada chet eldan olib kelingan yaponiyalik ko'plab avtomobillar bilan siz butun dunyo singari 88-108 MGts o'rniga 76-90 MGts chastotada ishlaydigan Yaponiyaning FM radiosiga duch kelishingiz mumkin. Ushbu radiolarning ko'pchiligida stantsiya chastotalarini 12 MGts ga tushiradigan "tarmoqli kengaytirgichlar" o'rnatilgan, shuning uchun masalan, radioda 79,8 ga sozlash orqali 91,8 FM ni tinglashingiz mumkin. Agar siz 102.0 (90.0) dan yuqori stantsiyani tinglashni istasangiz, omadingiz kelmaydi.
Televizor
Bepul efirda ("HD") raqamli er usti televideniesi (DTT) aholining 86 foiziga, asosan yirik shahar va shaharlar atrofida mavjud bo'lib, mamlakatning qolgan qismi sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali raqamli televidenie oladi. . O'ndan ortiq mamlakat bo'ylab DTT kanallari bilan bir qatorda ba'zi mahalliy va mintaqaviy kanallar va sub-milliy qamrovga ega bo'lgan bir nechta tarmoqlar mavjud. Eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan odamlarga televizordan yaxshiroq zavqlanishiga imkon beruvchi ixtiyoriy subtitrlar odatda faqat yoqilgan holda mavjud TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 va Uch.
Kabel televideniesi yaxshi rivojlangan emas, lekin Vellington va Kristchurchning ba'zi joylarida keng tarqalgan. Sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali to'laydigan televizorni Sky tarmog'i orqali olish mumkin. Aksariyat mehmonxonalar va motellarda milliy kanallar, ba'zi Sky kanallari va boshqa barcha narsalar mahalliy joylarda namoyish etiladi.