Janubiy Koreya - South Korea

Janubiy Koreya (Koreys: A'zosi, 韓國 Xanguk), rasmiy ravishda Koreya Respublikasi (대한민국, 大韓民國.) Daehan Minguk), bu mamlakat Sharqiy Osiyo.

"Tong tinchligi mamlakati" nomi bilan tanilgan Koreya uzoq vaqt davomida qo'shnilari Xitoy va Yaponiya o'rtasida madaniy ko'prik bo'lib kelgan. Janubiy Koreya o'z notinch o'tmishi soyasidan chiqib, dunyoning yirik iqtisodiy qudratlaridan biri sifatida o'rnini mustahkamladi. 21-asrning boshidan boshlab Janubiy Koreyaning pop madaniyati butun Sharqiy Osiyoda juda mashhur bo'lib ketdi va bu uni juda mashhur sayyohlik markaziga aylantirdi.

Mintaqalar

Janubiy Koreya ma'muriy jihatdan quyida sanab o'tilgan 9 viloyatga bo'lingan. Eng yirik shaharlar ushbu viloyatlardan ajratilgan tashkilotlardir, ammo biz ularni eng muhim viloyat tarkibiga kiritamiz.

Shaharlar

• 37.566126.9661 Seul (서울) - Janubiy Koreyaning 600 yillik dinamik poytaxti, qadimiy va zamonaviylarning birlashishi
• 35.166129.0662 Pusan (부산, 釜山) - ikkinchi yirik shahar va yirik port
• 37.866127.7333 Chuncheon (춘천, 春川) - Gangvon viloyatining poytaxti, ko'llar va tog'lar bilan o'ralgan va mahalliy taomlar, dakgalbi va makguksu bilan mashhur.
• 35.9128.64 Degu (대구, 大邱) - qadimiy an'analar va diqqatga sazovor joylarga boy kosmopolit shahar
• 36.351127.3855 Dajon (대전, 大田) - Chungnam provinsiyasidagi yirik va dinamik metropol
• 35.166126.9166 Kvanju (광주, 光州) - viloyatning ma'muriy va iqtisodiy markazi, viloyatning eng yirik shahri
• 35.85129.227 Kyonju (경주, 慶州) - Silla qirolligining qadimiy poytaxti
• 37.483126.6338 Incheon (인천, 仁川) - mamlakatdagi eng gavjum ikkinchi port, mamlakatning eng yirik xalqaro aeroporti joylashgan joy
• 35.82127.159 Jeonju (전주, 全 州) - bir vaqtlar Chjuson sulolasining ma'naviy poytaxti, hozirda muzeylar, qadimiy buddist ibodatxonalari va tarixiy yodgorliklari bilan to'ldirilgan etakchi san'at markazi.

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 38.125128.4161 Seoraksan milliy bog'i (설악산 국립 공원) - to'rtta shahar va okruglar, mamlakatning eng taniqli milliy bog'i va tog 'tizmalari bo'ylab tarqaldi.
• 36.567128.7162 Andong (안동시) - tarixiy jihatdan Konfutsiy an'analariga boy va yashaydigan xalq qishloqlari uyi
• 37.316126.8333 Ansan (안산시) - Sariq dengiz sohilidagi Kyonggi viloyatidagi shahar
• 37.956126.684 Panmunjeom (판문점) - Sovuq urush hali ham mavjud bo'lgan dunyodagi yagona sayyohlik sayti
• 34.766127.0835 Boseong (보성군) - o'rmonli yo'l bo'ylab sayr qilish va uyda o'stirilgan choyni ichish va dengiz suvi hammomini olish uchun yaqin atrofdagi kurortda to'xtashingiz mumkin bo'lgan yashil choy barglari bilan yopilgan tepaliklar.
• 34.733127.7336 Yeosu (여수시) - mamlakatning eng chiroyli port shaharlaridan biri, ayniqsa tunda. Dengiz mahsulotlari va plyajlari bilan mashhur bo'lgan siz Hallyeo Ocean Parkdagi ba'zi orollarga kruiz bilan tashrif buyurishingiz yoki ajoyib Dolsan ko'prigidan yoki marinalar yaqinidagi romantik kafelardan quyosh botishini tomosha qilishingiz mumkin.
• 34.483126.2617 Jindo (진도) - odatda o'sha mintaqada tug'ilgan it - Jindo bilan bog'liq bo'lib, har yili odamlar dengizning ajralishiga guvoh bo'lish va unga hamrohlik qiladigan tantanalarda qatnashish uchun bu erga to'planishadi.
• 37.5130.98 Ulleungdo (울릉도) - yarim orolning sharqiy qirg'og'idagi tabiiy uzoq orol
• 37.561128.4879 Pxyonchxan (평창군) - 2018 yilgi qishki Olimpiya o'yinlarining mezbon shahri.

Tushuning

Tarix

Dastlabki millat tarixi va tashkil topishi

Shuningdek qarang: Pre-zamonaviy Koreya

Tarixdan oldingi asbobsozlikning arxeologik topilmalari Koreya yarim oroli miloddan avvalgi 70000 yillarga tegishli bo'lib, birinchi sopol idishlar miloddan avvalgi 8000 yillarda topilgan. Taroqsimon naqshli kulolchilik madaniyati miloddan avvalgi 3500-2000 yillarda avjiga chiqqan.

Afsonalarda aytilishicha, Koreyaning tashkil topishi bilan boshlangan Gojoson (고조선, 古 朝鮮, shuningdek chaqiriladi Qadimgi ChosunMiloddan avvalgi 2333 yilda afsonaviy Dangun tomonidan. Arxeologik va zamondosh Gojozon podsholigi sifatida yozilgan yozuvlar miloddan avvalgi VII-IV asrlarga oid. Gojoseon oxir-oqibat Xitoyning Xan sulolasi tomonidan mag'lub bo'ldi va uning hududlari to'rtta qo'mondonlik sifatida boshqarildi. Xitoyda Xan sulolasi qulaganidan keyingi siyosiy xaos mahalliy qabilalarga Koreyani o'z nazoratini qaytarib olishga imkon berdi va Koreyaning uchta qirolligi (삼국 시대, 三國 時代), ya'ni Goguryeo (s, s), Silla (s, t新 羅) va Baekje (백제, 百 濟). Xitoy tomonidan, ya'ni Suy sulolasi va keyinchalik Tang sulolasi tomonidan Koreya yarim orolini bosib olishga bo'lgan bir necha bor urinishlariga qaramay, shimolda joylashgan Goguryo ularni qaytarishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Oxir oqibat, Goguryeo oldinroq Baekje ustidan g'alaba qozongan Silla-Tang ittifoqiga tushib, Koreyani Silla sulolasi. Keyinchalik Tanglar bosqini Silla kuchlari tomonidan qaytarib berildi va shu bilan Koreyaning mustaqilligi saqlanib qoldi. Goguryoning qoldiqlari nomi bilan tanilgan boshqa shohlikni topishga kirishadilar Balhae (발해, 渤海) hozirgi narsada Shimoliy-sharqiy Xitoymilodning 926 yiliga qadar davom etadigan bo'lib, u kitanlar tomonidan bosib olingan.

Birlashtirilgan Silla o'rniga Goryeo Dynasty (고려, 高麗, shuningdek chaqiriladi Koryo), undan zamonaviy "Koreya" nomi kelib chiqadi. Goryeolar sulolasining eng diqqatga sazovor tomonlaridan biri shundaki, 1234 yilda dunyodagi birinchi metallning harakatlanuvchi turi Choe Yun-ui ismli koreys tomonidan ixtiro qilingan (Gutenberg bosmaxonasidan 200 yil oldin). Goryoning o'rniga Xoseon sulolasi (조선, 朝鮮, shuningdek chaqiriladi Chosun), uning generallaridan biri tomonidan to'ntarishdan keyin. Chjuson sulolasi Koreyani 1392 yildan 1910 yilgacha boshqargan, bu dunyo tarixidagi eng uzoq vaqt davomida faol hukmronlik qilayotgan sulolalardan biri bo'lgan. Koreysning texnologik ixtirolari, masalan, dunyodagi birinchi suv soati, temir kema va boshqa yangiliklar aynan Chuson sulolasining dastlabki davrida sodir bo'ldi. Buyuk Sejong Buyuk hukmronligi davrida dunyodagi birinchi yomg'ir o'lchagich ixtiro qilingan va koreys alifbosi nomi bilan tanilgan hangul yaratilgan.

Yapon istilosi va bo'linishi

XVI asr oxirlarida Koreyani Toyotomi Xideyosi boshchiligidagi yaponlar bosib oldilar, oxir oqibat Chjuson sulolasi va Xitoyning Min sulolasi o'rtasidagi ittifoq mag'lubiyatga uchradi. Ushbu mag'lubiyat va Xideyoshining bevaqt o'limi yaponlarni Koreyadan chiqib ketishga majbur qildi.

Keyinchalik Koreyaning Xitoyning madaniy ta'sir doirasidagi mustaqil qirollik maqomi (사대 sadae) 1895 yilda Xitoyning Yaponiya-Xitoy urushidagi mag'lubiyati va Shimonoseki shartnomasi imzolangandan so'ng tugadi. Shartnoma shartlariga ko'ra, Xitoy Xitoy va Koreya o'rtasidagi bir necha asrlik, nominal oqsoqollar va birodarlar o'rtasidagi munosabatlarning uzilishini tan olishi kerak edi, bu esa Yaponiyani Koreyani o'zining kuchayib borayotgan ta'sir doirasiga majburlash uchun imkoniyat ochdi. Xitoy va Chjuson o'rtasidagi katta va kichik birodarlik munosabatlari ilg'or xitoy madaniyati va savdosining afzalliklarini olish uchun Jozon hukmdorlari tomonidan qabul qilingan ixtiyoriy diplomatik rasmiyatchilik bo'lsa-da, bu Yaponiyaning ushbu aloqaning uzilishiga erishish uchun ramziy g'alabasi edi. Bu Yaponiyani Xitoyning aralashuvidan qo'rqmasdan Koreyani egallab olish holatiga keltirdi. 1910 yilda Imperial Yaponiya Koreyani o'z tarkibiga qo'shib oldi va shu bilan mamlakatni 35 yillik ishg'olini boshladi. Ko'plab qurolli isyonlarga, suiqasdlarga va intellektual va madaniy qarshiliklarga qaramay, bostirish va madaniy assimilyatsiya siyosati koreyslarni yaponcha ismlarni olishga majbur qilish va ularga koreys tilida gaplashishni taqiqlash Yaponiyaga yarim orol ustidan nazoratni saqlab qolish imkonini berdi. Shuningdek, ishg'ol paytida yaponlar ko'plab koreys ayollarini Yaponiya harbiy fohishaxonalarida "tasalli ayol" (ya'ni jinsiy qullar) sifatida xizmat qilishga majbur qilishdi, bu esa Yaponiya va Janubiy Koreya o'rtasidagi diplomatik munosabatlardagi tortishuvlarning asosiy suyagi bo'lib qolmoqda.

Yaponiya imperiyasining mag'lubiyatidan so'ng Ikkinchi jahon urushi, Sovet kuchlari Koreyaning shimoliy yarmini, AQSh kuchlari janubiy yarmini egallab oldilar. Shimoliy va Janubiy Koreyalar 1948 yilda har biri mustaqilligini alohida davlat sifatida e'lon qildi. Kim Ir Sen shimolda Sovet Ittifoqi ko'magi bilan kommunistik rejimni, janubda esa AQShning ko'magi bilan Sinxman Ri kapitalistik rejimni o'rnatdi. Ikki tomonning qarama-qarshiliklaridan so'ng Shimoliy Koreya 1950 yildan boshlab Janubiy Koreyaga bostirib kirdi Koreya urushi mamlakatning katta qismini vayron qilgan. AQSh va boshqa BMT kuchlari Janubiy Koreya tomoniga aralashdi, Sovet Ittifoqi va Xitoy esa Shimolni qo'llab-quvvatladilar. 1953 yilda sulh shartnomasi imzolangan edi, yarim orolni qurolsizlangan zona bo'ylab bo'linib, urush to'xtagandan so'ng, ikkala tomon ham sezilarli darajada hududiy yutuqlarga erishmadi. Biroq, hech qachon tinchlik shartnomasi imzolanmaganligi sababli, ikki Koreya rasman bir-biri bilan urushda davom etmoqda, garchi davom etayotgan janglarsiz.

Koreya Respublikasi

Dastlab iqtisodiy jihatdan shimoliy raqibidan ustun bo'lganiga qaramay, Janubiy Koreya oxir-oqibat Koreya urushi kulidan qutuldi va 1960-yillardan boshlab Prezident Pak Chin Xining temir yo'l bilan boshqarilishi ostida tez iqtisodiy o'sishga erishdi. Sharqiy Osiyo yo'lbarslaridan biri sifatida 1980-1990 yillarda Janubiy Koreya iqtisodiyotini sanoatlashtirish va modernizatsiya qilish bo'yicha harakatlar faollashdi va aholi jon boshiga tushadigan daromad Shimoliy Koreyadan 20 baravar oshdi. 1996 yilda Janubiy Koreya OECDga qo'shildi. Bugungi kunda Janubiy Koreya sanoat va rivojlangan iqtisodiyot bo'lib, Samsung va LG kabi dunyodagi etakchi yuqori texnologik korporatsiyalarga ega.

So'z erkinligi va inson huquqlariga bo'lgan talablar 1987 yilgi Janubiy Koreyaning poytaxti Seulda 1988 yilgi yozgi Olimpiya o'yinlari o'tkazilishidan oldin, 1987 yilda bo'lib o'tgan demokratik saylovlarga olib kelgan umumxalq namoyishlariga olib keldi.

Janubiy Koreya hozirda liberal demokratiya va iqtisodiy qudratga aylandi. Shimol bilan tinchlik jarayoni hali ham muzlik sur'atlarida davom etmoqda, yaqin orada vaziyat-kvo o'zgarishini ko'rsatadigan belgi yo'q. 2012 yilda mamlakat o'zining birinchi ayol prezidenti Pak Kin Xeni sayladi, garchi u 2017 yilda shaxsiy aloqalar va Koreyaning eng yirik korporatsiyalari bilan bog'liq korruptsiyaga oid keng namoyishlardan so'ng hokimiyatdan keskin chetlatilgan edi.

Deb nomlanuvchi madaniy hodisa Koreya to'lqini (한류 hallyu) Janubiy Koreyaning kino, televidenie, musiqa, oziq-ovqat va boshqa madaniy jihatlari ommalashganligi sababli Osiyoning aksariyat qismini va dunyoning boshqa qismlarini qamrab oldi. 2012 yilda Psy-ning koreys tilidagi "Gangnam Style" qo'shig'i ko'plab G'arb mamlakatlarining jadvallarida birinchi o'rinni egalladi.

Odamlar

Janubiy Koreya juda bir hil mamlakat, deyarli barcha mahalliy aholi o'zlarini etnik koreys deb bilishadi va koreys tilida gaplashadilar. Ammo demografik ko'rsatkichlar o'zgarib bormoqda, muhojirlar Janubiy Koreya tarixida birinchi marta millionlik chegarani bosib o'tishdi. Eng yirik aholining ozchilik qismi xitoylar bo'lib, ularning soni 440 ming atrofida, ammo ularning aksariyati koreys millatiga mansub Xitoy fuqarolari. Shuningdek, Mo'g'uliston, Bangladesh, Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo va dunyoning boshqa qismlaridan ishchilar bor. Anglofon millatlaridan kelgan 20000 ingliz tili o'qituvchilaridan iborat jamoa butun mamlakat bo'ylab tarqaldi. Bu erda uzoq vaqt davomida 30 ming amerikalik harbiy xizmatchilar joylashgan. Janubiy Koreyaning katta va o'sib borayotgan iqtisodiyoti butun dunyodagi odamlarni o'ziga jalb qildi va Seulning etakchi moliyaviy markaz maqomiga Shimoliy Amerika, Evropa va Yaponiyadan ko'plab moliya ishchilari olib keldi.

Bu dunyodagi aholi zich joylashgan mamlakatlardan biri, shu bilan birga dunyoda eng past tug'ilish ko'rsatkichiga ega (har bir ayolga 1,21 bola). Tug'ilishning juda past ko'rsatkichi bilan shug'ullanish, bu 21-asrda ushbu mamlakat uchun eng muhim muammolardan biri bo'ladi. Konfutsiyning erkak merosxo'rning ahamiyati haqidagi munosabati kuchli jinslar nisbati paydo bo'lishiga olib keldi, har 100 ayolga taxminan 112 erkak to'g'ri keladi, bu qishloq joylarida yashovchi ko'plab koreys erkaklarini Xitoy, Vetnam va Filippin kabi boshqa mamlakatlardan xotin izlashga undaydi. Janubiy Koreyaliklarning 85 foizga yaqini shaharlarda yashaydi.

Hukumat va siyosat

Janubiy Koreya to'la va nisbatan barqaror demokratiya bo'lib, hokimiyatning ijro etuvchi, sud va qonun chiqaruvchi tarmoqlariga ega. Demokratiya 1948 yilda boshlangan, ammo tez-tez harbiy to'ntarishlarga duch kelgan. Mamlakat 1987 yilda oltinchi respublika e'lon qilinganidan beri barqaror demokratiya bo'lib kelgan.

Prezident davlat boshlig'i bo'lib, besh yillik muddatga saylanadi. Amaldagi prezident - Mun Chje In, u 2017 yilda avvalgi prezident Pak Kin Xening keskin impichmentidan so'ng saylangan. Partiya tarkibi va nomlash Janubiy Koreya siyosatida tez-tez o'zgarib turadi, garchi odatda konservativ, liberal va progressiv platformalar namoyish etiladi. Umuman olganda, chap qanot partiyalar yarashishni va Shimoliy Koreya bilan ko'proq hamkorlikni qo'llab-quvvatlamoqdalar, o'ng qanot partiyalari esa AQSh bilan yaqin aloqalarni qo'llab-quvvatlashni va Shimoliy Koreyaga nisbatan qattiqroq pozitsiyani qo'llab-quvvatlamoqdalar.

Garchi harbiylar Koreya siyosatida qudratli kuch bo'lib qolsa-da (mamlakat Yaponiya, Xitoy va Shimoliy Koreya bilan o'ralganligini hisobga olsak, ajablanarli emas), ammo yana bir harbiy to'ntarish ehtimoli yo'qligi keng tarqalgan.

Madaniyat

O'z tarixining katta qismi davomida Xitoyning madaniy sohasida bo'lganligi sababli, an’anaviy koreys madaniyatida sezilarli xitoylik ta'sir ko'rsatmoqda. Shunga qaramay, ko'plab tub farqlar saqlanib qolmoqda va Koreya o'zining yirik qo'shnisidan alohida madaniy o'ziga xoslikni saqlab qolishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Koreyslar o'zlarining merosi va tashqi hukmronlikka qarshilik ko'rsatishlari bilan qattiq g'ururlanishadi.

Chjuson sulolasi davrida Koreyaning hukmron falsafasi Konfutsiychilikning qat'iy shakli bo'lgan, ehtimol xitoycha asl nusxadan ham qattiqroq bo'lgan. Odamlar qattiq iyerarxiyaga ajratilgan, qirol tepada, amaldorlar va jangchilar elitasi va zodagonlarning kichik guruhi bilan yangban) uning ostida, kichik davlat xizmatchilarining o'rta toifasi (중인 chungin) ular ostida, so'ngra oddiy aholining katta qismi (상민 Sangmin) Pastda. Ma'lumotli odamlar o'qimaganlardan ustun edilar, ayollar erkaklar uchun xizmat qilar edilar va hamma belgilangan rolga sodiq qolishgan yoki og'ir oqibatlarga duch kelishgan. Koreya xitoylik hamkasbi singari hukumat uchun biroz zamonaviy zamon meritokratiyasini yaratib, rasmiylarni tanlab olish uchun Xitoy tomonidan ixtiro qilingan va foydalanilgan imperiya imtihon tizimining o'z versiyasini qabul qildi, ammo xitoycha versiyasidan farqli o'laroq, koreyscha versiyasi asosan yangban va chungin sinflar. Goryeolar sulolasining pasayish bosqichida rohiblar va ibodatxonalarning keng tarqalgan korrupsiyasi va ochko'zligi tufayli buddizm bostirildi. 1910 yilda Chjuson sulolasi o'z faoliyatini tugatgan bo'lsa-da, uning merosi koreys madaniyatida davom etmoqda: ta'lim va mehnatsevarlik hamma narsadan yuqori baholanadi, xodimlar o'z xo'jayinlariga shubhasiz itoat qilishlari kutilmoqda va ayollar baribir teng huquqlilik uchun kurashmoqdalar.

Koreyslar ularni boshqa Osiyo madaniyatlaridan eng ko'p ajratib turadigan narsa bu ularning oshxonasi, tili va xangul yozuvidir. Chet elliklar rivojlangan badiiy va me'morchilik quvonchidan charchagan ularning o'ta zamonaviyligini ta'kidlashadi. Agar unga yordam berilsa, hech narsa bezatilmaydi va ular zamonaviy ichki dizaynga ega. Janubiy Koreyada ham jonli kino va televidenie sohasi mavjud va bu mamlakat Gollivud filmlariga qaraganda mahalliy filmlar bozor ulushiga ega bo'lgan dunyodagi bir necha mamlakatlardan biridir.

Janubiy koreyaliklar minglab yillardan buyon davom etib kelayotgan ko'plab qadimiy urf-odatlarga qat'iy rioya qilishadi, ammo paradoksal ravishda ular ko'pincha eng yangi texnologiyalar bilan shug'ullanishadi. Ajablanarlisi ilg'or texnologiyalarga ega iste'molchi qurilmalari o'zlari tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, ko'pincha dunyodan bir necha yil oldinda.

Janubiy Koreyada nasroniylarning (18% protestantlar, 11% katoliklarning 11%) va buddistlarning (23% amaliyotda qatnashadiganlar, 47% amaliyotda bo'lmaganlar) katta soni bor va cherkovlarni tepaliklarda joylashgan shaharlarda va ibodatxonalarda va monastirlarda topish mumkin. Mamlakatning uchdan bir qismidan ko'prog'i hech qanday uyushgan dinni ta'qib qilmasligini ta'kidlamoqda, garchi aksariyat odamlar (shu jumladan nasroniylar) hali ham Koreya madaniy foniga singib ketgan an'anaviy koreys buddisti va konfutsiylik falsafalari ta'sirida. Mamlakatning ba'zi joylarida islom va mahalliy dinlarning ham oz sonli izdoshlari bor.

Bayramlar

Oyning yangi yil sanalari Yili Ho‘kiz 2021 yil 3-fevral kuni soat 22:58 da boshlangan va Oy Yangi yil 2021 yil 12-fevralda bo'lgan Yili Yo'lbars 2022 yil 4-fevral kuni soat 04:42 da boshlanadi va Oy yangi yil 2022 yil 1-fevralda bo'ladi Yili Quyon 2023 yil 4-fevral kuni soat 10:33 da boshlanadi va Oy yangi yil 2023 yil 22-yanvarda bo'ladi Yili Ajdaho 2024 yil 5-fevral kuni soat 16:25 da boshlanadi va Oy yangi yil 2023 yil 10-fevralda bo'ladi Ommabop e'tiqoddan farqli o'laroq, zodiakning o'zgarishi Oyning Yangi yilining birinchi kunida sodir bo'lmaydi, aksincha Li Chun (立春 lí chūn), an'anaviy xitoy bahorining boshlanishi.

Koreyaning an'anaviy bayramlari asosan oy taqvimiga amal qiladi va shuning uchun har yili G'arbiy Gregorian taqvimi nuqtai nazaridan turli kunlarga to'g'ri keladi. Ikki eng katta, Lunar Yangi yil va Chuseok, har kim o'z tug'ilgan joyiga qaytadigan oilaviy bayramlardir ommaviy ravishda va transportning barcha turlari mutlaqo qadoqlangan. O'zingizning marshrutingizni ushbu sanalar atrofida rejalashtirishga, shuningdek, eng yaxshi ovqatlanish variantlaringiz 7-Eleven-dan tayyorlangan makaron paketlari bo'lishi mumkinligini tushunishga arziydi! Boshqa bayramlarda siz juda katta farqni sezmaysiz, ammo barcha banklar va davlat idoralari yopiq bo'ladi.

• Yangi yil kuni (신정 Sinjeong) - 1 yanvar
• Lunar Yangi yil (설날 Seollal, shuningdek, "Koreya Yangi Yili" yoki 구정 deb nomlanadi Gujeong) - 1-qamariy oyning 1-kuni (yanvar-fevral) - oilalar birlashadilar, an'anaviy ovqatlarni iste'mol qiladilar, ayniqsa tteokguk (떡국) va ajdodlar xizmatini bajaring. Dam olish kuni 3 kun davom etadi, bunga arafa va ikkinchi kun kiradi. Ko'plab do'konlar va restoranlar 3 kunga yopiladi, shuning uchun tashrif buyurish uchun ideal vaqt emas.
• Mustaqillik harakati kuni (삼일절 yoki 3 · 1 절 Samiljeol, yoritilgan "3-1 kun") - 1 mart - 1919 yilda bosqinchi Yaponiya imperatorlik armiyasiga qarshi 1 mart qarshilik harakati munosabati bilan.
• Bolalar kuni (어린이 날 Eorininal) - 5 may
• Buddaning tug'ilgan kuni (부처님 오신 날 Bucheonnim Osin Nal yoki 사월 초파일 Sawol Chopail) - 4-qamariy oyning 8-kuni (aprel-may)
• Xotira kuni (현충일 Xyonchung-il) - 6 iyun - millat uchun jonini bergan koreyslarni xotirlash.
• Konstitutsiya kuni (제헌절 Jeheonjeol) - 17 iyul
• Ozodlik kuni (광복절 Gvanbokjeol) - 15-avgust - Bu kun aslida Ikkinchi Jahon Urushining yakuni bo'lib, Yaponiyaning ittifoqchi kuchlarga rasmiy ravishda taslim bo'lishi va shu bilan Yaponiya mustamlakachiligining o'nlab yillik mustamlakachiligidan so'ng mustaqillikni qo'lga kiritganligini anglatadi.
• Chuseok (G, ko'pincha "Koreyalik minnatdorchilik kuni" deb tarjima qilingan) - 8-qamariy oyning 15-kuni (sentyabr-oktyabr) - koreyslar an'anaviy ovqatlar, xususan guruchli pirojnoe iste'mol qilish bilan nishonlaydilar qo'shiq (송편) va xalq o'yinlarini o'ynash. Davlat bayrami 3 kun davom etadi va xuddi Yangi yilga o'xshab, hamma narsa o'chadi, bu esa tashrifni zerikarli qiladi.
• Milliy poydevor kuni (개천절 Gaecheonjeol) - 3 oktyabr - Qadimgi Koreya millatining birinchi shakllanishini nishonlash.
• Hangul kuni (한글날 Hangeulnal) - 9 oktyabr - Koreys alifbosi uchun yubiley
• Rojdestvo (크리스마스 Keuriseumaseu, 탄신일 탄신일 Gidoktansinilyoki 성탄절 Seongtanjeol) - 25 dekabr - Janubiy Koreyada muhim bayram, garchi uni asosan yosh juftliklar birgalikda ishqiy kun o'tkazadiganlar tomonidan nishonlansa. Mamlakatning salmoqli qismi (taxminan 30%) nasroniylar bo'lganligi sababli, minglab cherkovlarda bayram tantanasi yo'q, qolganlari esa uyda munosib dam oladilar.

Iqlim

• Bahor Koreyada bo'lish uchun yilning eng yaxshi vaqti. Harorat iliq, ammo issiq emas va yomg'ir ham ko'p emas. Biroq, bahor, shuningdek, Xitoydan sariq changli bo'ronlar esib, havoni nafas olishni dahshatga soladigan vaqt.
• Yoz tushkun yomg'irli mavsum bilan boshlanadi (장마철 jangma-cheol) iyun oyida va iyul-avgust oylarida stambatga aylanadi, haddan tashqari namlik va harorat 35 ° C gacha ko'tariladi. Agar plyajlarga bormasangiz, eng yaxshisi yo'l qo'ymaslik kerak.
• Kuz, sentyabrdan boshlab, ehtimol Koreyada bo'lish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt. Harorat va namlik toqatli bo'lib, adolatli kunlar odatiy va taniqli odamlardir kuz ranglari ularning ko'rinishini yaratish.
• Qish chang'ida yoki issiq buloqda sakrashda yaxshi vaqt va koreys ixtirosi ondol (온돌, polni isitish) tashqarida qotib qolgan qismlarni muzdan tushirishga yordam beradi. Biroq, yanvar va fevral oylari shimoldan Sibir shamollari tufayli suyaklarni tishlashi mumkin. Mamlakatning janubi (shu jumladan Pusan va Jeju) shimolga nisbatan nisbatan yumshoqroq (Seul) ushbu mavsum davomida.

Elektr

Janubiy Koreyaning uy xo'jaliklari va mehmonxonalari elektr rozetkalari uchun Evropaning aksariyat qismida joylashgan ikkita dumaloq rozetkadan foydalanadilar. Ba'zi mehmonxonalarda siz foydalanishingiz uchun adapter bo'lishi mumkin; ziyofat stolidan birini so'rang.

Janubiy Koreyaning elektr rozetkalari 220 V kuchlanishli 60 Hz kuchlanishli asboblarni qabul qiladi. Agar sizning qurilmangiz 220 V ni o'z ichiga olgan ushbu darajaga ega bo'lsa (masalan, hozirda aksariyat noutbuk zaryadlovchi qurilmalari qabul qiladigan 100-240 V), siz jihozni faqat vilka adapteri bilan ishlatishingiz mumkin. Agar u ushbu reytingdan pastga yoki yuqoriga tushib qolsa, siz o'zingizning mamlakatingizdan chiqishdan oldin transformator yoki kuchlanish adapterini sotib olishingiz kerak.

Ba'zi juda qadimgi binolar va juda yangi mehmonxonalar va kvartiralar ikki simli bo'lib, shuningdek, Yapon va amerikaliklarni joylashtirish uchun maxsus qurilgan Janubiy Koreyaning odatiy navlaridan tashqari 110 V quvvatga ega (kichikroq ikki qavatli rozetkalari bilan aniqlanadi).

O'qing

G'arb dunyosi va Janubiy Koreya millati o'rtasidagi uzoq va murakkab munosabatlar mamlakatga oid adabiyotlarning ko'pligiga olib keldi.

Koreya tarixiga bag'ishlangan kitoblar:

• Koreya uchun jang: Associated Press tarixi Koreya mojarosining tarixi Robert J. Dvorchak tomonidan (1993) - Qisqa tavsiflovchi rivoyatlar bilan birga bo'lgan ajoyib jurnalistik fotosurat
• Koreya eski va yangi: tarix Karter Ekert va Li Ki-Baik tomonidan yozilgan (1991) - Oddiy qilib yozilgan, Koreya tarixiga yaxshi xulosa.
• Koreya guvohi: 135 yillik urush, inqiroz va yangi tongda Tinchlik mamlakati Donald Kirk va Choe Sang Xun tomonidan (2006) - 1871 yildan boshlab chet ellik muxbirlarning, xususan Jek Londonning 1903 - '04 yillardagi urush muxbiri maqolalari to'plami.
• Koreysdagi Konfor Ayollarining Haqiqiy Hikoyalari Keyt Xovard tomonidan (1996) - Yapon imperatori tomonidan ishg'ol etilgan davrda sodir etilgan vahshiyliklarga beparvo qarash.

Koreys madaniyati haqida kitoblar:

• Koreyslar: Ular kim, nimani xohlashadi, ularning kelajagi qayerda yolg'on Maykl Brin tomonidan (1999) - Britaniyalik jurnalistning yarim yilni o'tkazgan mamlakati haqidagi anektodal bayonlari va tushunchalari; informatsion va ko'ngilochar
• Koreyadagi ijtimoiy o'zgarishlar Jimoondang tomonidan nashr etilgan (2008) - akademik mutaxassislar tomonidan Koreya bo'yicha yozilgan maqolalar to'plami
• Koreyaning kashf etilishi: tarix-tabiat-madaniy meros-san'at-an'ana-shaharlar Yoo Myeong-jong tomonidan (2005) - Koreya haqidagi ajoyib manzaralar

Tomosha qiling

Janubiy Koreyada mamlakatning kattaligini hisobga olgan holda muhim kino sanoati mavjud. Sizga mamlakat haqida yaxshi ma'lumot beradigan ko'plab filmlar mavjud va deyarli barcha DVD-larda ingliz tilida subtitrlar mavjud.

Quyidagi ro'yxat yuzlab filmlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, ammo quyidagi tanlov sizga yaxshi ta'mni beradi.

• Taegukgi: Urush birodarligi (태극기 휘날리며) - Ikki aka-uka Koreya urushi paytida askar bo'lib xizmat qilgani haqidagi voqea.
• Qo'shma xavfsizlik zonasi (공동 경비 구역 구역) - Demilitarizatsiya qilingan zonaning qarama-qarshi tomonida, do'stona munosabatlarni buzgan askarlar haqida juda qo'rqinchli film.
• 18 may (화려한 휴가) - 1980 yilgacha Janubiy Koreya amalda harbiy diktatura edi. Ushbu film shafqatsiz Kvanju qirg'ini voqealari atrofida tarixiy drama bo'lib, prezident o'sha shaharda namoyishchilarni otib tashlashga buyruq bergan edi.
• Bahor, yoz, kuz, qish ... va bahor - Har bir faslni buddist rohib va ​​uning asrab olgan o'g'li hayotining bosqichi sifatida ko'rsatadigan tog'dagi izolyatsiya qilingan ko'lda to'liq film.
• Yashirin quyosh (밀양) - Mamlakatdagi ushbu shaharda kechirimning mohiyati to'g'risida zamonaviy film Miryang.
• Mening Sassy qizim (엽기적인 그녀) - Koreys kinoteatrlari tajribasi sifatida tez-tez ko'riladigan va ayniqsa, boshqa Osiyo mamlakatlaridan kelganlar tomonidan yaxshi baholanadigan romantik komediya.
• Mezbon (괴물) - Bir oila hayoti haqidagi dahshatli dahshatli film Seul. Shaharning o'rtasidan oqib o'tadigan Xan daryosining ko'plab tasvirlari.

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Koreyscha so'zlashuv kitobi

Janubiy koreyaliklar gapirishadi Koreysva bularning bir nechta so'zlarini bilish juda foydali bo'ladi. Til o'zining grammatikasi bilan har qanday g'arbiy tildan keskin farq qiladi va ingliz tilida so'zlashuvchi uchun to'g'ri talaffuz qilish qiyin (ohangda emas). Mamlakatning qaysi qismiga borishingizga qarab, turli xil shevalarda so'zlashiladi, garchi Seul shevasiga asoslangan standart koreys tilini deyarli hamma tushunadi va gapiradi. Ayniqsa, shevalar orasida Gyongang shevasi atrofida gapirdi Pusan va Degu Koreys standarti bilan taqqoslaganda ancha qo'pol va tajovuzkor hisoblanadi Jeju shevasi aytilgan Jeju Orol standart koreys tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun deyarli tushunarsizligi bilan mashhur.

Shimoliy va Janubiy Koreyaning farqlari 70 yildan ko'proq vaqt ajratilganiga qaramay, Shimoliy Koreyada ham, Janubiy Koreyada ham koreys tili bir xil. Asosiy farqlar janubiy koreyaliklar qarz olgan inglizcha so'zlarning katta miqdorida, aksincha, shimoliy koreyslar uning o'rniga mahalliy yoki ruscha so'zlarni ishlatadi. Ikki mamlakatning turli xil mafkuraviy yo'nalishlarining bevosita natijasi sifatida siyosiy va ijtimoiy tuzilmalarning tavsiflari ham butunlay boshqacha.

Koreys yozuv tizimi aldamchi darajada sodda. Bir qarashda xitoy yoki yapon tillari kabi murakkab ko'rinishga ega bo'lsa-da, bu noyob va sodda alifbo yozuv tizimi bo'lib, u hangul (한글 hangul) bu erda harflar hecalarni ifodalovchi bloklarga yig'iladi. U qo'mita tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va oddiy chiziqlar, qutilar va kichkina doiralarga o'xshaydi, ammo u juda mos, mantiqiy va tez olinadi. Hangul tasvirlangan 1446 yildagi shohona hujjatda "dono odam ular bilan ertalabgacha tanishishi mumkin; ahmoq odam ularni o'n kun ichida o'rganishi mumkin" deb aytilgan.

Koreyaga kelguningizcha hangul o'qishni o'rganish sayohat qilishni ancha osonlashtiradi, chunki ko'plab belgilar va menyular faqat hangulda yozilgan. Bundan tashqari, ko'plab keng tarqalgan mahsulotlar uchun koreyscha so'zlar ko'pincha ingliz tilidagi qarz so'zlaridir, ammo hangul bilan yoziladi, masalan, 주스 (juseu, "sharbat") yoki 컴퓨터 (keompyuteo, "kompyuter"). Agar siz hangulni o'qiy olsangiz, Koreyada omon qolish juda oson.

Ko'plab koreyscha so'zlarni xitoycha ancha murakkab belgilar bilan ham yozish mumkin hanja (한자, 漢字) koreys tilida va ular hali ham vaqti-vaqti bilan matnga aralashgan, ammo ular soni tobora kamayib bormoqda. Hozirgi kunda hanja asosan hangulda yozilganda ma'no noaniq bo'lsa, ma'no ajratish uchun ishlatiladi; bunday holatlarda hanja odatda hangul yoniga qavs ichida yoziladi. Hanja shuningdek, rasmiy hujjatlardagi koreys shaxmat donalarini, gazeta sarlavhalarini va shaxsiy ismlarini belgilash uchun ishlatiladi.

Rim harflaridagi koreyscha so'zlarning transliteratsiyasi juda ziddiyatli bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun qo'shni belgilarni ko'rishga hayron bo'lmang Gvangalli va Kvanganri - bu o'sha joy. 2000 yilda hukumat Vikivoyajda ishlatilgan qayta ko'rib chiqilgan Romanizatsiya tizimini standartlashtirdi, ammo siz tez-tez eski Makkun-Reyshauer imlosi va oddiy g'alati imlolarga duch kelasiz. Ta'kidlash joizki, bilan boshlangan so'zlar g, d, b, j bilan yozilishi mumkin k, t, p, ch o'rniga va unlilar eo va yi yozilishi mumkin o va siz. Harflar l, r va n unli tovushlar ham tez-tez almashib turiladi men va siz ba'zan sifatida yoziladi ee va oo navbati bilan. Koreys tiliga olib kelingan chet el so'zlarida, f aylanadi p, shuning uchun bir chashka bilan juda hayron bo'lmang keopi ("kofe") yoki tur golpeu ("golf").

Janubiy Koreyaliklarning aksariyati olgan Ingliz tili ularning ta'lim qismi sifatida darslar. Biroq, amaliyotning etishmasligi (va noto'g'ri talaffuz qilishdan qo'rqish) sababli, yirik sayyohlik ob'ektlari, mehmonxonalar va chet elliklar uchun maxsus ovqatlanish joylaridan tashqarida, ingliz tilida suhbatlashadigan mahalliy aholini kamdan-kam uchratish mumkin. Odatda o'qish va yozish ancha osonlashadi. Xalqaro sayyohlar uchun xizmat ko'rsatadigan aviakompaniyalar, mehmonxonalar va do'konlarning ko'plab xodimlari hech bo'lmaganda oddiy ingliz tilida gaplashishlari mumkin.

Janubiy Koreyadagi G'arb sayohatchilari uchun odatiy tajriba - bu ingliz tilini bilish istagida bo'lgan bolalar tomonidan murojaat qilishdir. Maktab mashg'ulotlarida ular sizni haqiqatan ham siz bilan suhbatlashganligining isboti sifatida tez-tez suratga olishadi.

Keksa odamlar hali ham bir oz gapirishlari mumkin Yapon. Shahar Pusan, dan qisqa sayohat Fukuoka Yaponiyada jon boshiga ko'proq yaponcha gapiradiganlar bor va Busandagi sheva Yaponiyaga ko'proq o'xshash, xuddi Fukuokadagi yapon shevasi ham katta koreys ta'siriga ega. Biroq, ko'plab koreyslar (ayniqsa, keksa yoshdagi odamlar) hali ham yaponlarga ishg'ol paytida qilingan vahshiyliklar uchun g'azablanishadi, shuning uchun agar boshqa ilojingiz bo'lmasa, koreysga yapon tilida murojaat qilmaslikka harakat qiling. Koreya to'lqiniga rahmat (hallyu) Sharqiy Osiyodagi koreys pop musiqasi va seriyali operalarining ko'pgina sayyohlari sayyohlik joylarida yapon, mandarin yoki kanton tillarida gaplashadilar.

Koreys imo-ishora tili (A'zosi 수화 언어.) Xanguk Suhva Eoneo, yoki shunchaki 수화 suhva, "imzolash") 2016 yildan beri Janubiy Koreyaning rasmiy tili bo'lib, maqomi jihatidan koreys tilida gaplashadigan tengdir. Bu yapon va tayvan imo-ishora tillari bilan o'zaro tushunarli, ammo xitoy imo-ishora tili, Auslan, amerikalik imo-ishora tili va boshqalar bilan emas.

Chiqinglar

Entry requirements

• Fuqarolar Kanada are allowed visa free entry for up to 180 days.
• Citizens of the European Union (except Cyprus, Portugal, and French territory of Yangi Kaledoniya), Antigua va Barbuda, Avstraliya, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Kolumbiya, Costa Rica, Dominika, Dominika Respublikasi, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Gaiti, Gonkong, Iceland, Israel, Jamaica, Yaponiya, Liberia, Lixtenshteyn, Makao, Malayziya, Meksika, Morocco, Yangi Zelandiya, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Peru, Sent-Kits va Nevis, Sankt-Lucia, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinalar, Serbiya, Singapore, Surinam, Shveytsariya, Tayvan, Thailand, Turkey, Qo'shma Shtatlar/American Samoa (Except Guam), Urugvayva Venesuela can visit visa free for up to 90 days.
• Citizens from Lesoto, Portugalva Russia can visit visa free for up to 60 days.
• Fuqarolar Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Bahrain, Bosniya va Gertsegovina, Bruney, Cyprus, Esvatini, Fidji, Guam, Gayana, Honduras, Qozog'iston, Kiribati, Quvayt, Marshall Islands, Mavrikiy, Monako, Chernogoriya, F.S. Micronesia, Nauru, Yangi Kaledoniya, Oman, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Samoa, San-Marino, Saudi Arabia, Seyshel orollari, Janubiy Afrika, Tonga, Tunisia, Tuvalu, United Arab Emiratesva Vatikan shahri can stay visa free for up to 30 days.

Hence, the citizens of most countries will receive a visa on arrival valid between 30 and 90 days. The official "Hi, Korea" site has the latest details.

Jeju is an autonomous province with more relaxed entry conditions than the South Korean mainland, allowing visa-free entry for everybody except citizens of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Kamerun, Cuba, Egypt, Gambiya, Gana, Eron, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Kosovo, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Palestine, Pakistan, Senegal, Somali, Shri-Lanka, Sudan, Syria, O'zbekistonva Yaman for up to 30 days. Subsequently leaving Jeju for the mainland will require you to have a visa for the rest of South Korea.

South Korean immigration no longer stamps passports. Instead, visitors are given an entry slip with their terms of entry, and their entry and exit is recorded electronically. South Korea is really good at keeping electronic track of everyone coming and going, so do not overstay your visa. Violations will at best likely result in you being banned from re-entering, and prosecution is a possibility.

Military personnel travelling under the U.S.–South Korea Status of Forces Agreement are not required to possess a passport for entry, provided they hold a copy of their travel orders and a military ID. Their dependents, however, must hold a passport and A-3 visa.

Most foreigners staying longer than 90 days must register with the authorities within 90 days of entry and obtain an Alien Registration Card. Contact your local authorities for further information.

The Korean Immigration Service collects the biometric data (digital photo and fingerprints) of foreign visitors at ports of entry (international airports and seaports). Entry will be denied if any of these procedures is refused. Children under the age of 17 and foreign government and international organization officials and their accompanying immediate family members are exempt from this requirement.

Samolyotda

South Korea has many international airports; however, only a few have scheduled services. South Korea has experienced an airport building frenzy over the last decade. Many large towns have dedicated functioning airports that handle only a handful of flights a week.

• Incheon International Airport (ICN ^IATA), about 1 hour west of Seoul, is the country's largest airport and is served by many international airlines. There are many options for flying there from locations throughout Asia, Europe and North America, and even routes to South America and Africa. It is also frequently rated as "the best run and best designed airport in the world". There are direct inter-city buses that travel from just outside the international arrival hall to many locations throughout South Korea. The airport has a metro line (express AREX 43 min and all-stop subway 56 min) that goes directly to both Seoul–Gimpo airport and Seoul Station.
• Seoul's Gimpo Airport (GMP ^IATA) offers domestic flights to most South Korean cities, and the international "city shuttle" services from Tokyo–Haneda, Beijing, Shanghai–Hongqiao and Taipei–Songshan are quite convenient. It is more centrally located to Seoul than Incheon. You can connect from Incheon airport either by train or by limousine bus.
• Pusan's Gimhae xalqaro aeroporti (PUS ^IATA) has international connections from East and Southeast Asia, as well as Vladivostok, Guam and Saipan. Gimhae also has a few flights a day directly to/from Seoul–Incheon, which is much more convenient than changing to Seoul–Gimpo airport after a long international flight. This service is intended for connecting passengers only and cannot be booked separately. The airport has a light rail line connecting Gimhae and West Busan.
• Jeju (CJU ^IATA) has flights from many South Korean cities and international flights from Kuala Lumpur and major Taiwanese, Japanese and Chinese cities. The Seoul (Gimpo)—Jeju route is the busiest flight corridor in the world and the island is well-served from other Korean airports.
• Airports at Degu, Muan (close to Kvanju va Mokpo), Chexun (close to Dajon and Sejong), Yangyang also have international connections to major Japanese, Chinese, Taiwanese, and Vietnamese airports.

Flag carrier Korean Air (대한항공 Daehan Hanggong) va Asiana (아시아나 항공 Asiana Hanggong) are the principal full service carriers from South Korea that fly around the world. Korean airlines' safety records improved dramatically since the 1990s, and they are now just as safe as any Western airline. Several low-cost airlines offer domestic flights to Jeju from every airport in South Korea and international flights across Asia.

Poyezdda

Although there is a train track connecting the Korail network with North Korea and a Korail station on the border, there is no train service. They are a political statement rather than a travel option.

Qayiqda

The services listed here may change frequently, and English language websites may not be updated with the current information. Verify before travelling.

Pusan's International Passenger Terminal is the largest seaport in the country and offers ferry rides mostly to and from Japan. Two services run from Fukuoka to Busan, with the JR Beetle hydrofoil service managing the trip in just under three hours several times per day and the New Camelia in 5.5 hours daily. All other links are slower overnight ferries, such as Pukwan Ferry Company's services from Shimonoseki. A Busan–Osaka ferry is operated by Panstar Line Co., Ltd.. There are also multiple services from nearby Tsushima.

Incheon's International Ferry Terminal (연안부두 Yeonan Budu) has services from several cities in China, such as Veyxay, Dandong, Tsindao va Tianjin. The largest operator is Jinchon, but Incheon Port has full listings on their website.

Pyeongtaek Port has several connections to cities in Shandong province, as well as cargo hopping options. There are multiple operators, but information is provided in the port authority's website.

GunsanInternational Passenger Terminal has daily ferry connections from Shidao in Shandong province (Korean website).

There are also weekly departures from Vladivostok va Sakaiminato ga Donghae tomonidan boshqariladi DBS Cruise Ferry Co.

By land

Due to the political and military situation with North Korea, entering South Korea overland is not possible. The border between North and South Korea is considered the most heavily fortified border in the world, and while some unauthorized crossings have occurred at the truce village of Panmunjeom, an attempt to cross the border anywhere would risk your life, and the lives of soldiers on both sides.

Atrofga boring

South Korea is fairly compact and you can get almost anywhere very fast by train. Boats and planes can get you to Jeju - the Seoul-Jeju route being the busiest air route in the world. Subways are available in most of the cities including metropolitan Seoul. Larger cities have service or are developing subways. Travel by bus or taxi is easily available, although bus services are more economical.

Because of stringent national security laws that mandate navigation processing be done on local servers, Google Maps does not give driving or walking directions in South Korea; it can also be not up to date for some regions, lacking information on recent infrastructure changes like bridges and such. The most common software used by locals are Naver Map va KakaoMap. While (as of 2020) their desktop versions are only available in Korean, since late 2010s their mobile app versions are also available in English. They are very similar, and you can just read some reviews comparing those two if you query google for comparison kakao map naver map.

Smart kartalar

Seoul's public transportation smart card is known as T-money (티머니 Ti-meoni) card. This can be used on many local buses and subways throughout the country, as well as some taxis. Fares and transfers up to 30 minutes are calculated automatically; just tap on and tap off when riding on buses and trains. (In some buses in the countryside, you only need to tap on; watch locals to see what they do.) It even gives you a ₩100 discount on bus and subway rides, which is even more reason to use it. The card costs ₩4,000; it can be purchased at convenience stores displaying the T-money logo, as well as at ticket vending machines in subway stations. You can get back your credit in cash afterward, less a ₩500 fee. Some retail shops may also accept payment by T-money. T-money is also usable on the public transportation systems in many other cities, so it is a good option for travelling around South Korea.

Other cities may have their own public transportation smart cards as well such as Pusan's Hanaro Card. Unlike T-money, these cards are often not usable outside their respective metropolitan areas, making them somewhat less useful for visitors unless you plan to only stay within that area.

Samolyotda

South Korea is a relatively small country with a fast and efficient train service, so flying is not the fastest way to get places unless you are going to the island of Jeju.

Nevertheless, plenty of airlines fly between the main cities at rates comparable to the KTX train. Most flights are with Korean Air yoki Asiana, however many new options exist with budget airlines such as T'way Air, Air Busan, Eastar Jet, Jin Air va Jeju Air (which despite the name also serves the busy Seoul–Gimpo to Busan route). Service is similar between full service and low-cost airlines on domestic flights; low-cost airlines offer free soft drinks and 15 kg of checked luggage.

Poyezdda

Milliy poezd operatori Korail (KR) connects major cities in South Korea. A large amount of money has been plowed into the network and trains are now competitive with buses and planes on speed and price, with high safety standards and a good deal of comfort.

South Korea's flagship service is the high speed Korea Train eXpress (KTX) with services from Seoul ga Pusan, Yeosu, Mokpo, Masonva Gangneung (with new services opening all the time). The trains use a combination of French TGV technology and Korean technology to travel at speeds in excess of 300 km/h. The fastest non-stop trains travel between Busan and Seoul in just over two hours. There are vending machines on board that serve drinks and snacks as well as earphones and cell phone chargers.

Non-KTX trains are poetically ranked as ITX-Saemaeul (ITX-새마을, "New Village"), Mugunghwa (무궁화, "Rose of Sharon", which is the national flower of Korea) and Tonggeun (통근, "commuter"), corresponding roughly to express, semi-express and local commuter services. All ITX-Saemaeul and Mugunghwa trains can travel at up to 150 km/h. ITX-Saemaeul trains are a little pricier than buses, while Mugunghwa are about 30% cheaper. However, ITX-Saemaeul trains are extremely comfortable, having seats that are comparable to business class seats on airplanes. Since the introduction of the KTX, there are much fewer ITX-Saemaeul and Mugunghwa services, but they are worth trying out. Tonggeun are cheapest of all, but long-distance, unairconditioned services have been phased out and they're now limited to short regional commuter services in Kvanju.

Also, there is a ITX-Cheongchun o'rtasida xizmat Seoul va Chuncheon. It's a special version of ITX at that line.

Saemaeul and some Mugunghwa trains are equipped with power plugs on laptop seats.

Smoking is not permitted on any Korean trains or stations (including open platforms).

Tickets are much cheaper than in Japan but more expensive than other Asian countries — although the damage can be lowered by travelling on local trains rather than KTX. Buying tickets is fairly easy: self-service terminals accepting cash and credit cards are in multiple languages and are very simple to use. Station staff can usually speak basic English. Most stations are clean, modern and have good signposting in Korean and English, and compared to China or Japan, Korea's rail system is very user-friendly.

Pre-booking any train tickets a day prior (be they KTX, ITX-Saemaeul, yoki Mugunghwa) is recommended for weekend trips, as all trains can be booked up for hours on end. On Sunday in particular, all but local trains may regularly be completely booked up. If you don't reserve tickets in advance when departing busy hubs such as Seoul or Busan, you may see your options reduced to "unallocated seating" on the slowest local trains (sitting on the floor in the un-air-conditioned space between carriages, or standing in the toilet for much of the trip). You are, however, free to sit on any seat that seems free until someone with the ticket to that seat shows up. If you are confident in your Korean, you can ask to reserve seats on sections that are available and travel standing up the rest of the way.

There are also tourist many trains that let you go to rural and scenic parts of Korea.

Seoul also has an extensive commuter train network that smoothly interoperates with the massive subway system, and Pusan, Dajon, Degu, Kvanju va Incheon also have subway services.

Korail Pass

The Korail Pass is a rail pass only for non-resident foreigners staying less than 6 months in Korea, allowing unlimited travel for a set period on any Korail train (including KTX) and including free seat reservation. The pass is emas valid for first class or sleeping cars, but you can upgrade for half the price if you wish. The pass must be purchased at least five days before travel (preferably before arrival in Korea). It's not cheap as it needs a substantial amount of travel (e.g. Seoul–Busan round trip) to pay off and severe limitations on usage apply during Korean holidays and peak traveling periods including Lunar New Year and Chuseok. Prices as of May 2015 are for a 1-day pass ₩66,900, 3-day ₩93,100, 5-day ₩139,700, 7-day ₩168,400, and 10-day ₩194,400, with discounts for youth (age 13–25), students and groups.

Joint KR/JR Passes between Korea and Japan also exist, however, considering how much of a discount the JR Pass offers, and how strikingly little the KR Pass does by comparison, it usually makes sense to just get the JR Pass.

Rail cruises

Korail Tourism Development provides a rail cruise deb nomlangan Haerang, which enables the customers to travel to all the major sightseeing destinations in Korea with just one luxury train ride.

Avtobusda

Buses (버스 beoseu) remain the main mode of national transport, connecting all cities and towns. They're frequent, punctual and fast, sometimes dangerously so, so fasten the belts you'll often find in the seats.

There is a somewhat pointless division of long-distance buses into express buses (고속버스 gosok beoseu) va intercity buses (시외버스 si-oe beoseu), which often use separate terminals to boot. In addition, local inner-city bus (시내버스 si-nae beoseu) networks often connect directly neighboring cities. The express vs. intercity bus differentiation comes down to whether the bus uses the nation's toll expressways (고속 gosok). In practical terms, express buses are marginally faster on long runs, but intercity buses go to more places. For additional comfort, look for udeung buses (우등 버스) which have just three seats across instead of the usual four; these cost about 50% extra. However, some intercity buses use udeung buses without extra fares on highly competitive lines such as Seoul–Andong routes. A fourth type of bus exists, which is the airport limousine bus, a separate network of express buses that ferry people directly to and from Incheon International Airport. The airport limousines typically use separate pickup points from the intercity or express bus terminals.

No Korean buses have toilets, and rest stops are not standard on trips of less than 2 hours duration, so think twice about that bottle of tea at the terminal.

Unlike trains, the bus terminal staffs and drivers are less likely to speak or understand English.

The Korean Express Bus Lines Association have timetables and fares of the Express bus routes in South Korea on their website.

Qayiqda

Ferry boats surround the peninsula and shuttle out to Korea's many islands. The main ports include Incheon, Mokpo, Pohangva Pusan. The most popular destinations are Jeju va Ulleungdo.

There is daily service from Busan to Jeju. There are mostly undiscovered and scenic islands near Incheon that can seem almost deserted.

Mashinada

An International Driving Permit (IDP) may be used to drive around South Korea. In general, road conditions are good in South Korea, and directional signs are in both Korean and English. Car rental rates start from ₩54,400/day for the smallest car with a week's rental. South Korea drives on the right in left-hand-drive cars. South Korea also follows the American practice of allowing cars to turn right at red lights as long as they (in theory) yield to pedestrians. Farqli o'laroq, left turns on green lights are noqonuniy unless there is a blue sign pointing left saying 비보호 or a green left arrow.

If you are traveling in the big cities, especially Seoul or Busan, driving is not recommended as the roads often experience heavy traffic jams, and parking is expensive and difficult to find. Many drivers tend to get reckless under such conditions, weaving in and out of traffic. Drivers often try to speed past traffic lights when they are about to turn red, and several cars (including fully-loaded public transit buses) will typically run through lights after they have turned red, whether pedestrians are in the crosswalk or not.

Koreans consider driving rules as guidelines only, and don't expect to be punished for parking illegally or cutting through a red light. This means that if you want to drive you will need to do so assertively by pushing yourself into an intersection and forcing other cars to yield.

A GPS is highly recommended while navigating Seoul or Busan. Lanes end or turn into bus lanes with little to no warning, and it may not always be obvious where turns are allowed. A good rule of thumb is to stay in the middle lane as cars will often illegally park in the right lane while the left lane will become a turning lane with little warning.

Taksida

Taxis are a convenient, if somewhat pricey way of getting around the cities, and are sometimes the only practical way of reaching a place. Even in the major cities, you are extremely unlikely to get an English-speaking taxi driver, so it will be necessary to have the name of your destination written in Korean to show your taxi driver. Likewise, get your hotel's business card to show the taxi driver in case you get lost.

Although doing so is illegal, cab drivers, particularly the cheaper white cabs on busy Friday or Saturday nights, may deny service to short-distance fares. A very handy technique to counter this is to have your destination (hotel name, or the district (구 gu) and neighborhood (동 dong), in Korean of course) written in thick black ink on a large A4 sheet of paper and hold it to the traffic. Passing cab drivers responding to long distance call outs, or with space in their cab in addition to an existing fare in that direction will often pick you up en route.

When hailing a cab in particular, ensure you follow the local custom and wave it over with your hand extended but all your fingers extended downwards and beckoning as opposed to upwards in the Western fashion (this style is reserved for animals).

Qarang

Asian tourists have long discovered South Korea as a prime shopping, culinary and sightseeing destination. For the western world, it is a relatively new travel destination, but it has gained popularity fast. And for good reason, as South Korea offers a most pleasant combination of ancient Asian features and all the amenities you would expect from a modern, high-tech nation. Despite its compact size it boasts a broad range of fine attractions and an excellent infrastructure makes getting around easy.

• Seoul Most journeys begin in the nation's capital that never sleeps. This ancient place has seen centuries and wars come and go but seems to have come out stronger than ever. Popularly called the "Miracle on the Han River", it's one of the largest metropolitan economies in the world. It's the country's industrial epicentre, the birthplace of K-pop, a hotspot for South-Korean nightlife and fine dining and home to countless museums. The fabulous history and art collection of the National Museum of Korea (국립중앙박물관) reigns supreme and a visit there is a day well spent. The city has been rediscovering its historic treasures and improving city parks, adding to its charm. Downtown Seoul, where the old Joseon Dynasty city was, is where you'll find most of the palaces, Gyeongbokgung (경복궁), Changdeokgung (창덕궁) and Gwanghwamun (광화문). It is surrounded by a Fortress Wall, with the famous Namdaemun, one of the eight gates, being perhaps the main attraction. The Banpo bridge (반포대교) turns into beautiful colours at night, and the Yeouido Island (여의도), apart from the famous 63 Building has splendid parks for rollerblading/biking. Other sights are the Secret Garden (비원), Seodaemun (서대문), or the Seoul Tower (서울타워) accompanied by the famous Teddy Bear Museum. To get away from the buzz, follow the locals to Cheonggyecheon (청계천), one of the urban renewal projects and a popular public recreation space, or enjoy an afternoon tea in a traditional teahouse in Insadong.
• Pusan is the country's second city and most significant port. Called the nation's summer capital, Koreans flock to this city's fine beaches, seafood restaurants and festivals. Haeundae beach (해운대) in Busan is the most famous in the country, with an atmosphere is comparable to southern France or California in the summer.
• Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) On July 27th 1953, The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was established as a cease-fire agreement with a boundary area of 2km between North and South Koreas. Panmunjeom aka Joint Security Area (JSA) is the ‘truce village’ of the DMZ where tourists can view North and South Korea without much hostility. Here you can also enter one of the buildings that are located on the border aka Military Demarcation Line (MDL), which means you can actually cross into the North when entering those buildings. The border is indicated by a line where North and South Korean soldiers face each other coldly. The tour includes the nearby bridge of no return that used to be the main controlled crossing point between the countries. Shuningdek, Third Tunnel of Aggression, created by North Korea (1.7 km long, 2 m high and about 73m below ground), was discovered in 1978. This tunnel is not more than an hour or 44 km away from Seoul.
• Bukhansan is just a stone's throw north of Seoul and one of the most visited national parks in the world. Some 836 meters high, Mount Bukhansan is a major landmark visible from large parts of the city and the park is home to the beautiful Bukhansanseong Fortress. The popular hike to get up there is well worth it, as you'll be rewarded with great views of the metropolis. The country has over 20 national parks, mostly mountainous such as Seoraksan milliy bog'i, but some also focus on marine and coastal nature. The lush green tea fields of Boseong offer an equally nice and peaceful get-a-way.
• Jeju Island If you don't mind the crowds, this volcanic and semi-tropical island offers a spectacular scenery and numerous natural sights, a relaxing and warm (especially in winter) atmosphere and plenty of activities. O'tkazib yubormang Lava tubes, Seongsan Ilchubong, Loveland, and South Korea's highest mountain Hallasan (1,950 m).
• Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites is a World Heritage and home to a significant part of all the dolmen in the world. Apart from the impressive megalithic stones, it has brought forward a highly important collection of archaeological finds.
• Gyeongju Once the nation's capital, it boasts numerous royal burial and World Heritage cultural sites, as well as relaxing resorts.
• Folk villages If you'd like to see a bit of Korean folklore, Hahoe Folk Village yaqin Andong, Yangdong, the living museum-like Korean Folk Village yilda Yongin yoki Hanok Village yilda Jeonju are among the best.
• Festivals Korea is a country of festivals. No matter where you go, there's likely something happening close by. Watching or even joining in the bustling celebrations is often a fabulous and colorful experience. The Boryeong Mud Festival (보령머드축제) is a popular pick, when participants drench themselves in mud and take part in everything from mud wrestling to body painting. The nearby beach becomes something of a party apocalypse.

Traditional arts

Korea was traditionally home to two types of theatre: talchum (탈춤) and pansori (판소리).

Talchum is a traditional type of dance performed by people wearing masks, often accompanied with singing. It originated in Hwanghae province in what is now North Korea, though it has since spread around the country. Traditional Hwanghae-style talchum is also performed in the South, often by North Korean refugees and their descendants.

Pansori is a type of musical storytelling involving a storyteller and a drummer, with the storyteller usually expected to use their voices and facial expressions for dramatic effect. Following contact with Western styles of drama, pansori evolved into changgeuk (창극) in the early 20th century, which is essentially Korean opera, with actors and an accompanying orchestra.

Gisaeng (기생) or kisaeng are the Korean equivalent of the Japanese geisha (or more accurately, courtesans known as oiran), and were historically sex workers trained in the arts of poetry, calligraphy and music, entertaining clients with their skills and conversation. While the tradition has largely died out in modern South Korea, gisaeng are often featured in Korean historical dramas, and many of their traditional arts are now being revived.

Qil

For a definite list of activities refer to individual cities. However, some of the best ones are:

• Hiking With the country being covered in mountains, Korea is a fantastic destination with numerous hiking opportunities. Try Jirisan (지리산), Seoraksan (설악산) or go to South Korea's highest peak, the extinct volcano Hallasan kuni Jeju orol. They offer great views, 1- to 3-day tracks, English sign posts/maps, huts (most of them heated), and can be organized easily. In autumn the leaves turn into beautiful colours, so the best seasons to go there are autumn and spring.
• Jjimjilbang Koreans love saunas! If you can get past everyone being naked, then this is an excellent way to feel refreshed after a hard day sightseeing. Even small towns will have one. They can also be used to stay overnight — this is especially convenient if you missed to make a reservation for an accommodation, everything is full or you are looking for a cheap accommodation. Weekends are extremely busy with families.
• Issiq buloqlar In common with their Japanese and Taiwanese neighbors, Koreans love their hot springs (온천, 溫泉 oncheon), and resorts can be found throughout the country. Etiquette usually require bathers to be nude. Many places also have saunas connected.
• Snowboarding/Skiing The Gangvon province offers ski decent opportunities in winter, which is very beautiful when it snows. See the Seoul guide for close to the city destinations, which you can reach by free public (ski) bus within 90 minutes.
• Yemoq Perhaps you have had Korean BBQ in your home country. The reality of Korean food is so much more diverse and tasty. Try something new delicious every each day! (Seafood, meat or vegetarian)
• Winter surfing Owing to local tidal conditions, the best surf is in the winter! Pohang va Pusan are two places you can try this
• Karaoke/Singing Rooms Noraebang (노래방) is the same as Japanese Karaoke palors, popular and hard to miss wherever you go in metropolitan cities.
• Martial arts Learn martial arts such as the famous Taekwondo (태권도), Hapkido (합기도), and the dance-like martial art Taekkyeon (택견). You can also go and watch a competition or performance — for instance cultural festivals may feature traditional martial arts.
• Temple Stay Spend a few days meditating and learning about Buddhism at a Korean monastery.
• Water amusement parks are plentiful in the Gyeonggi & Gangwon provinces, such as Caribbean Bay in Yongin, Ocean World in Hongcheon, with a more Ancient Egyptian setting, and Ocean 700 in Pyeongchang. Tourists and locals usually go there in the summer.
• Yeondeunghoe is a traditional festival held during Buddha's birthday when the streets are hung with colorful lotus lanterns and can also involve celebratory parades.

Sport

Beysbol was brought to Korea by American missionaries in 1904 and is the most popular sport in the country. Most cities have a team and the biggest are sponsored by the largest South Korean companies, and many South Korean players have become famous Major League Baseball players in the United States. The South Korean national baseball team is also regarded as one of the strongest in the world, finishing second at the 2009 World Baseball Classic.

Futbol is becoming more important to South Korea over time, and is a sport shared by North and South. South Korea is one of the strongest teams in Asia and many of their players work for the top European clubs. The sport gained an incredible amount of short term popularity when the South Korean national team reached the World Cup semi-finals in 2002, and even today the country stops for World Cup matches. Unfortunately the enthusiasm for domestic and friendly international games is extremely low, and stadiums are usually mostly empty.

Other popular sports include golf and basketball. Badminton, table tennis and bowling are also popular and facilities for the public are widely available in cities. Korean martial arts such as taekwondo (태권도) are also popular. Golf particularly has a strong following, with membership fees for Korea's top golf clubs being more expensive than those in neighboring Japan or the United States. Many of the world's top female golfers are from Korea or of Korean descent. Archery is also a popular sport, with South Korea dominating the archery events at the Olympics.

As for winter sports, speed skating (especially short track) and figure skating are extremely popular due to the repeated success of South Korea in the Winter Olympics, with South Korea dominating the short track speed skating events. The city of Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympic Games .

Sotib oling

Pul

Exchange rates for South Korean won As of January 2020: US$1 ≈ ₩1150 €1 ≈ ₩1300 UK£1 ≈ ₩1500 Japanese ¥100 ≈ ₩1100 Chinese ¥1 ≈ ₩165 Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com

The currency of South Korea is the South Korean won, denoted by ₩ (ISO kodi: KRW) and written 원 (won) in the Korean language.

Bills come in denominations of ₩1,000 (blue), ₩5,000 (red), ₩10,000 (green) and ₩50,000 (yellow). The ₩50,000 is very practical if you need to carry around a reasonable amount of cash, however it can be hard to use on goods or services with a value of less than ₩10,000. The ₩50,000 can be hard to find and often only provided by ATM's that display a picture of the yellow note on the outside.

₩100,000 "checks" are frequently used, and some of the checks go up to ₩10,000,000 in value. These checks are privately issued by banks and can be used instead of cash for larger purchases, such as hotel rooms.

Coins mainly come in denominations of ₩10, ₩50, ₩100 and ₩500. Very rare ₩1 and ₩5 coins do exist. Generally speaking it is rare to buy anything valued less than ₩100.

Banking and payment

Kredit kartasi acceptance at shops, hotels and other businesses on the other hand is very good, and all but the very cheapest restaurants and motels will accept Visa and MasterCard. Even small purchases such as ₩4,000 for a coffee are okay. This works well since credit cards have good exchange rates, however if you are using a foreign card then you should ensure with your bank that there isn't a fee for this foreign transaction.

Bankomatlar are ubiquitous, although using a foreign card with them is rather hit and miss, except for foreign bank ATMs like Citibank. There are however many special global ATMs which accept foreign cards. They can generally be found at Shinhan/Jeju Bank, airports, in areas frequented by foreigners, in major cities, some subway stations, and in many Family Mart convenience stores — most of the time indicated by the "Foreign Cards" button on the screen. Some banks, such as Citibank, have a fee of ₩3,500 for foreign cards. Before heading to the countryside where foreign cards are less likely to be accepted, be sure to have cash or another source of money.

T-money smart cards are an alternative source of payment accepted widely, especially for public transportation. (See § Smart cards.) Some other cities have their own smart cards, and topping up T-money outside of Seoul can be a problem but at Shinhan/Jeju Bank it should always be possible. You may need to ask the local cashier for help due to the Korean-only menus/buttons.

If you plan on staying in South Korea for a longer time, you'll probably want to set up a bank account at a Korean bank such as Woori Bank, which can then be used at the bank's ATMs throughout the country. (Even some non-local accounts can do this, e.g. Woori Bank accounts setup in China come with an ATM card that can be used with all its ATMs in South Korea.) Many banks will even allow you to open an account on a tourist visa, though the services you will be able to access will often be very limited. Some of the larger banks may have English-speaking staff on hand at their major branches.

Costs

South Korea is fairly expensive compared to most Asian countries, but is a little cheaper compared to other modern developed countries such as Japan and most Western countries. A frugal backpacker who enjoys eating, living and travelling Korean-style can easily squeeze by on under ₩60,000/day, but if you want top-class hotels and Western food even ₩200,000/day will not suffice. Seoul is more expensive than the rest of the country, and has become particularly expensive competing in many ways with Tokio, but this has eased since the financial crisis.

Tips

Tipping is emas expected anywhere in South Korea and is not practiced by Koreans. Buni koreyslar o'rtasida haqorat deb hisoblash mumkin, chunki bu kimgadir xayriya qilish sifatida qabul qilinadi, garchi odamlar odatda Amerikaning buzg'unchilik madaniyati haqida bilishadi va buni chet el fuqarosi tushunsa bo'ladi.

Ko'plab mehmonxonalar va bir nechta sayyohlik restoranlari hisob-kitoblariga 10% xizmat haqini qo'shishadi. G'arbliklar tashrif buyuradigan qo'ng'iroqlar, mehmonxona xizmatchilari, taksi haydovchilari va barlar siz tarqatmoqchi bo'lgan har qanday maslahatlarni rad etmaydi.

Restoranlarda ba'zida saxiylik belgisi yoki mijozning sadoqatini mukofotlash uchun xaridorlarga bepul oziq-ovqat yoki ichimliklar beriladi. Oddiy so'z bilan aytganda, bu "xizmat" deb nomlanadi.

Xarid qilish

"Soliqsiz xaridlar" yoki "Soliqni qaytarib olgan xaridlar" belgisi qo'yilgan ayrim chakana savdo do'konlarida siz vaucher olishingiz va soliqlarning katta foizini qaytarishingiz mumkin. Janubiy Koreyadan chiqib ketayotganda bojxonaga boring va uni muhr bilan tasdiqlang, keyin boj olinmaydigan do'konlarning yonidagi "Global Refund Korea" yoki "Korea soliqni qaytarish" peshtaxtalariga boring. Pulni qaytarib olish uchun siz sotib olganingizdan keyin 3 oy ichida ketishingiz kerak.

Savdo-sotiq tashqi bozorlarda keng tarqalgan va ular taklif qilishi mumkin bo'lgan hamma narsalarga tegishli. Biroq, ma'lum bir pul miqdorini bildirmang. Buning o'rniga "deb aytingssage juseyo"(싸게 주세요," Arzonroq, iltimos. "). Buni bir yoki ikki marta bajarish kifoya qiladi. Ammo siz kamdan-kam hollarda bir necha dollardan oshiq chegirmaga ega bo'lasiz.

Koreya ginseng (인삼 insam) dunyo poytaxti. Dorivor xususiyatlarga ega deb hisoblanadigan bu narsa uni butun Koreyaning maxsus tog'li hududlarida topish mumkin. Ginsengdan tayyorlangan qalin qora xamir, ginseng choyi va boshqa turli xil mahsulotlar mashhur. Ginsengning ko'plab navlari mavjud, ularning eng yaxshi navlari kim oshdi savdosida millionlab AQSh dollarini tashkil qilishi mumkin. Ginsengning turli xil turlari bilan tanishish uchun yaxshi joy Gyeongdong O'simlik dori bozori bo'ladi Seul.

Mehmonlar qidirmoqdalar an'anaviy buyumlar uyga olib kelish uchun turli xil variantlarni topish mumkin. Goryeo sulolasiga oid ko'k-yashil seladonni, o'z qo'llari bilan tikilgan an'anaviy kostyumlarni, qog'ozli to'plamlarni va insonning his-tuyg'ularini o'zlarining naqshlarida aks ettiradigan sopol buyumlarni ko'plab bozorlar va yodgorlik do'konlarida topishingiz mumkin. Inson Seul xarid qilish uchun birinchi joy bo'lar edi. Biroz vaqt o'tgach, bitta do'kon boshqa do'konlarga o'xshab ketishi mumkin, ammo ehtimol siz kerakli narsani topishingiz mumkin.

Eng so'nggi yangiliklardan xabardor bo'lish moda trendlar, xaridorlar va butik egalari har dam olish kunlari ko'chalar va bozorlarda to'planishadi. Dongdaemun, Mok dong Rodeo ko'chasi va Myeong dong kabi mashhur joylar bilan asosan Seulda joylashgan bo'lib, moda markazlarini ikkita katta toifaga bo'lish mumkin; bozorlar va do'konlar. Bozorlar arzon va har bir do'konda ommaga ma'qul keladigan zamonaviy o'xshash kiyimlar bo'ladi. Shuningdek, o'zingiz ekanligingizga e'tibor bering qila olmaydi ko'pgina tepaliklarni sinab ko'ring. U erda xarid qilishdan oldin sizning o'lchamingizni bilish yaxshiroqdir. Garchi universal do'konlarda chegirmali buyumlar mavjud bo'lgan joylar yoki pollar mavjud bo'lsa-da, ular qimmatroq va asosan yoshi kattaroq, badavlat olomonga xizmat qiladi.

Deb nomlanuvchi an'anaviy koreys kiyimlari hanbok (한 Kore), bu Janubiy Koreyaliklar tomonidan hanuzgacha maxsus kunlar va tarixiy obidalar uchun kiyib yuriladi va turli xil kiyim-kechak bozorlarida uchraydi. An'anaviy hanbok maxsus do'konga va moslashtirilgan armaturalarga tashrif buyurishni talab qilsa-da, uni ancha qimmatroq qilish, kundalik foydalanish uchun ancha qulay va sezilarli darajada arzonroq kundalik versiyalarini topish mumkin. An'anaviy hanbok olish uchun mashhur joy - Gvangjang bozorining ikkinchi qavati Seul, bu erda ko'plab an'anaviy hanbok tikuvchilarini topishingiz mumkin, ularning har birida tanlab olish uchun matolarning keng assortimenti mavjud. Hanbok kiyganda, uni har doim chapdan o'ngga o'ralgan bo'lishi kerak.

Hamma narsa ko'rib chiqilgan antiqa, masalan, mebel, xattotlik ishlari, keramika va kitoblar kabi, siz Jangangpyeong antiqa bozoriga borishingiz mumkin. Seul. 50 yoshdan oshgan narsalar mamlakatni tark eta olmaydi. San'at va antiqa buyumlarni baholash idorasining 82-32-740-2921 raqamiga murojaat qiling.

Elektron mahsulotlar keng tarqalgan, ayniqsa Seul va shunga o'xshash yirik shaharlarda Pusan. Janubiy Koreyada aksariyat G'arb mamlakatlarida mavjud bo'lgan so'nggi gadjetlarning aksariyati mavjud, ba'zilari esa mavjud emas. Aslida, iste'mol texnologiyalari haqida gap ketganda, ehtimol Janubiy Koreya ikkinchi o'rinda turadi Yaponiya. Ammo, ehtimol siz o'quv qo'llanmalarini va funktsiyalarini koreys tilida yozish bilan kurashishingiz kerak bo'ladi.

K-pop Koreya to'lqinining katta elementidir (hallyu21-asrning boshlarida Sharqiy Osiyoni shiddat bilan qabul qilgan hodisa, shuning uchun siz taniqli K-pop qo'shiqchilari va guruhlari tomonidan eng so'nggi koreys musiqa disklarini sotib olishni xohlaysiz - va unchalik taniqli bo'lmaganlarini kashf qilishingiz mumkin. K-pop rassomlari iste'dodlar agentliklari va ovoz yozish kompaniyalari tomonidan juda yoshligida imzolangan va odatda debyutga chiqishidan oldin ko'p yillar davomida mashaqqatli mashq qilishadi. Shu kunlarda K-pop qo'shiqchilari nafaqat Janubiy Koreyadan, balki Sharqiy Osiyoning boshqa mamlakatlaridan, shuningdek Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi Tailand va Vetnamdan yollanmoqda. Qarama-qarshiliklarga qaramay, K-popga intilayotgan rassomlar o'zlarining shaxsiy hayotlarini ozgina nazorat qiladigan shartnomalarni imzolashga majbur bo'lishadi, ko'pincha muxlislari uchun "mavjudlik" xayolini saqlab qolish uchun ularni tanishishni taqiqlashadi. Hozir ko'pchilik musiqa raqamli yuklab olish sifatida iste'mol qilinmoqda, ammo CD-disklarni sotadigan ba'zi musiqa do'konlari mavjud. Va agar siz ularni ko'rishni istasangiz yashash, buning uchun, albatta, Janubiy Koreyadan yaxshiroq joy yo'q.

K-dramalar Osiyoda ommaviy ravishda ommalashgan va DVD-drama qutidagi to'plam, yomg'irli peshin vaqtida sizga albatta yordam beradi. Janubiy Koreyada sotiladigan drama seriallari va filmlari Koreya bozori uchun mo'ljallangan va odatda subtitrlari yo'q, shuning uchun sotib olishdan oldin tekshirib ko'ring; Koreyadan tashqarida, ehtimol siz kanton yoki mandarin kabi boshqa osiyo tillarida dublyaj qilingan ommaviy axborot vositalarini sotib olishingiz mumkin. Bundan tashqari, Janubiy Koreya DVD mintaqasi 3, shuning uchun bu erda sotib olingan disklar Tayvanda, Gonkongda va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda ishlaydi, ammo odatda Shimoliy Amerika, Evropa, materik Xitoy, Yaponiya yoki Avstraliyaning aksariyat o'yinchilarida o'ynash mumkin emas. CD va DVD-lar Janubiy Koreyada endi mashhur emas, chunki bir muncha vaqt oldin raqamli yuklab olishga o'tgan yosh avlod.

Yemoq

Shuningdek qarang: Koreys oshxonasi

Koreys oshxonasi Koreyadan tashqarida, ayniqsa Sharqiy Osiyo va AQShning boshqa joylarida tobora ommalashib bormoqda, bu juda ko'p achchiq va achitilgan taomlar bilan o'ziga xos ta'mga ega bo'lishi mumkin, ammo siz unga odatlanib qolsangiz va koreys taomlari albatta achchiq chili va ko'p miqdordagi sarimsoqni xom baliq kabi nozik ingredientlar bilan aralashtirib, o'ziga xos sinf. Koreys taomlari juda oz miqdordagi yog'ga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, Janubiy Koreyaliklarning juda oz qismi ortiqcha vaznga ega ekanligi kuzatuvi bilan tasdiqlangan, ammo dietasi natriy bilan cheklanganlar ehtiyot bo'lishlari kerak, chunki koreys oshxonasi tuz tarkibida og'ir bo'lishi mumkin.

Koreys taomlari atrofida joylashgan guruch va osh va, ehtimol, har doim juda ko'p assortimentda xizmat qiladigan baliq yoki go'shtli taom kichik garnitürler sifatida tanilgan banchan (반찬). Eng kamtarona taom uchta turdan iborat bo'lib, qirollik ziyofatida yigirma turdagi banan bo'lishi mumkin. Oddiy garnitürler kimchidan tashqari, loviya nihollarini ham o'z ichiga oladi (콩나물 kongnamul), ismaloq (시금치 shigeumchi) va kichik quritilgan baliqlar.

Hamma joyda kimchi (김치 gimchi), achitilgan karam va chilimdan tayyorlangan, deyarli har bir ovqatga hamroh bo'ladi va yumshoqdan tortib to sho'rgacha achchiqgacha. Oddiy karam turidan tashqari, kimchini oq turpdan ham tayyorlash mumkin (g ggakdugi), bodring (오이 소박이) oi-sobagi), chives (부추 김치.) buchu gimchi) yoki deyarli tuzlangan har qanday sabzavot. Ko'p turli xil ovqatlar kimchi yordamida lazzatlanish uchun tayyorlanadi va kimchi garnitür sifatida ham xizmat qiladi. Chet elga sayohat qilayotganda koreys sayyohlari mahkam o'ralgan kimchini olib ketayotganini uchratish odatiy holdir.

Deyarli har bir taomda yana ikkita ziravor mavjud doenjang (된장), yapon tiliga o'xshash fermentlangan soya pastasi misova gochujang (고추장), achchiq chili xamiri.

Ushbu taomlarning ko'pini Koreyada topish mumkin bo'lsa-da, har bir shaharning o'ziga xos mintaqaviy ixtisosliklari mavjud dakgalbi (닭 갈비) shahrida Chuncheon.

Koreyslar orasida keng tarqalgan tushuncha, chet elliklar yoqtirmaydi achchiq ovqat, shuning uchun siz biron bir vaqtni odamlarni ishontirishga sarflashingiz kerak, aks holda, agar siz issiq narsa iste'mol qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz. Koreys taomlari, shubhasiz, qo'shni diyetikli yapon va shimoliy xitoyliklarning nafas olish oloviga ega bo'lsa-da, masalan, Tailand yoki Meksika taomlariga odatlanib qolgan bo'lsangiz, shov-shuv nimada ekanligi haqida hayron bo'lishingiz mumkin.

Chet el taomlari restoranlari ham mashhur, garchi odatda koreys tili bilan bo'lsa ham. Qovurilgan tovuq go'shti qabul qilingan va ko'pchilik bunga amerikaliklarning asl nusxasidan yaxshiroq deb ishonishadi. Pitssalar ham hamma joyda uchraydi, garchi siz qo'shimchalar ortidagi ilhom qayerdan paydo bo'lganligi haqida hayron bo'lishingiz mumkin. Vetnam va meksikaliklarning taomlari koreyslarga ham yoqadi. Har xil turdagi yapon restoranlari juda keng tarqalgan. Ajablanarlisi shundaki, chinakam xitoylik taomlarni topish biroz qiyin, va koreyslar ko'pincha xitoylik xitoy taomlari haqida o'ylashadi jajangmyeon (자장면, qalin jigarrang sous bilan to'ldirilgan noodle, shimoliy xitoy taomiga bog'liq) tangsuyuk (탕수육, shirin va nordon cho'chqa go'shti) Xitoy taomlari sifatida.

Odob-axloq qoidalari

Koreys idishlari (수저 sujeo) qoshiqdan iborat (숟가락 sutgarak) va tayoqchalar (젓가락 jeotgarak). Osiyoda noyob bo'lgan koreyslar tayoqchalardan foydalanadilar metall, ular issiq panjara ustiga ishlatilganda yonmaydi va ularni yuvish va qayta ishlatish osonroq. Restoranlarda odatda zanglamas po'latdan yasalgan tayoqchalar mavjud, afsuski, tayoqchani o'rganayotganlar uchun ulardan foydalanish juda qiyin! Ushbu ingichka va silliq tayoqchalar yog'och yoki plastmassa tayoqchalar kabi oson emas, lekin siz hali ham biron bir narsaga dosh berasiz.

Qoshiqlar guruch, osh va bo'tqa yeyish uchun ishlatiladi. (Koreyaliklarga Osiyolik qo'shnilarining tayoq bilan guruch yeyishi g'alati tuyuladi). Dongaseu (돈가스, yaponcha uslubda tonkatsu yoki qovurilgan cho'chqa go'shti kotleti) vilka va pichoq bilan iste'mol qilinadi. Ko'pgina koreys restoranlari g'arbliklarga g'arbiy vilkalar pichoqlarini ham taklif qilishlari mumkin.

Guruh bo'lib ovqatlanayotganda, jamoat idishlari markazga joylashtiriladi va har kim o'z xohlagan narsasini tayoqlashi mumkin, ammo siz baribir guruch va sho'rva qismlarini olasiz. Agar siz qirol taomlarini iste'mol qilmasangiz, aksariyat taomlar oilaviy uslubda taqdim etiladi.

Ko'plab an'anaviy uy xo'jaliklarida bolalarga shunday deb o'rgatishgan ovqatlanish paytida gapirish odobsiz. Ovqatlanish paytida to'liq sukunat bo'lsa ajablanmang. Odamlar, xususan erkaklar, ovqatlanish vaqtidan tezda ovqat eyish va boshqa narsalarga o'tish uchun foydalanadilar. Buni ko'pchilik koreys yigitlari bajarishi kerak bo'lgan harbiy xizmat paytida qisqa ovqatlanish vaqtlari bilan bog'lash mumkin.

Ba'zi odob-axloq ko'rsatkichlari:

• Chopstiklarni idishga, xususan guruchga tik turgan holda qoldirmang. Bu faqat marhumni hurmat qilishda amalga oshiriladi. Xuddi shunday, bir piyola guruchga tik turgan qoshiq ham yaxshi belgi emas.
• Cho'ponlaringizni olmang yoki dasturxonning eng kattasi ovqat yeyishni boshlamaguncha ovqat eyishni boshlamang.
• Ovqatlanish paytida stoldan biron bir tovoq yoki piyolani ko'tarmang, chunki koreyslar buni qo'pol deb bilishadi.
• Idishlaringizni idishlarga va idishlarga urib shovqin qilmang.

Restoranlar

Janubiy Koreyada och qolish qiyin kechadi. Qayerga qaytsangiz ham, ovqatlanish uchun doim biron joy bor. Koreys restoranlarini bir nechta toifalarga bo'lish mumkin:

• Bunsik (분식) - tez tayyorlanadigan arzon va mazali taomlarga ega bo'lgan atıştırmalıklar.
• Kogijip (고기 집), so'zma-so'z "go'sht uyi" degan ma'noni anglatadi, bu erda siz panjara qilingan go'sht idishlari va mahkamlashlarni topasiz.
• Hoejip (회집), "xom baliq uyi", yaponlarga o'xshash yangi baliq bo'laklariga xizmat qiling sashimisifatida tanilgan hwe koreys tilida va bepul garnitürler. Odatda siz ushbu restoranlarni har qanday suv yo'lining qirg'og'ida tartibsiz deb topasiz.
• Hansik (한식) to'liq koreys taomiga xizmat qilish (한정식, hanjeongsik), koreys yuqori oshxona bu shoh saroyida berilgan ziyofatlardan kelib chiqqan. An'anaviy ravishda birdaniga xizmat ko'rsatadigan restoranlarda bugungi kunda kurslar alohida xizmat ko'rsatmoqda. Ovqat sovuq appetizer bilan boshlanadi va juk (B, yorma). Asosiy taomga bug ', qaynatish, qovurish yoki panjara qilish mumkin bo'lgan tajribali go'sht va sabzavotli taomlar kiradi. Ovqatlangach, sizga an'anaviy ichimliklar beriladi Sixye yoki sujeonggwa.
• Do'konlar ikki turdagi oziq-ovqat maydonlariga ega: podvaldagi ovqatlanish zali va yuqori darajadagi to'liq xizmat ko'rsatuvchi restoranlar. Oziq-ovqat zalida ovqatlanadigan joy bilan bir qatorda olib ketiladigan joylar mavjud. To'liq xizmat ko'rsatadigan restoranlar qimmatroq, lekin odatda rasm menyusi va yaxshi muhit afzalliklariga ega.

Barbekyu

Koreya barbekyu ehtimol G'arbliklar uchun eng mashhur koreys taomidir. Koreyada u ikkiga bo'lingan bulgogi (불고기, marinadlangan go'shtning ingichka bo'laklari), galbi (B, qovurg'alar, odatda marinadlanmagan) va boshqa bir nechta toifalar. Ularda stolning o'rtasiga ko'mirli mangal joylashtirilgan va siz ziravorlar uchun mangalga sarimsoq qo'shib, o'zingiz tanlagan go'shtni pishirasiz. Uni iste'mol qilishning mashhur usuli - go'shtni salat yoki perilla bargi bilan o'rash, unga maydalangan yashil piyoz salatini qo'shish (파 무침) pa-muchim), xom yoki pishirilgan sarimsoq, maydalangan tuzlangan turp (p.) mucha) va ssamjang (쌈장, dan tayyorlangan sous doenjang, gochujang, va boshqa lazzatlar) sizning xohishingizga ko'ra.

Barbekyu ovqatining qiymati asosan tanlangan go'shtga bog'liq. Go'shtni etkazib beradigan ko'pgina koreys restoranlarida u birlikda sotiladi (odatda 100 gramm). Cho'chqa go'shti - bu eng keng tarqalgan buyurtma qilingan go'sht; bu mol go'shtiga qaraganda ancha arzon va ovqatlanuvchilarga ko'ra mazali. Siz kamdan-kam hollarda fileton mignonni ko'rasiz; Buning o'rniga go'shtning oddiy bo'laklariga qovurg'alar, tuzsiz cho'chqa go'shti pastırma (삼겹살) kiradi samgyeopsal) va sabzavotli sabzavot va achchiq sous bilan qovurilgan tovuq go'shti (닭 갈비) dak-galbi). Nordon bo'lmagan go'shtlar yuqori sifatga ega, ammo arzonroq bo'g'inlarda marinadlangan narsalar bilan yopishish yaxshidir.

Guruchli idishlar

Bibimbap (비빔밥) so'zma-so'z "aralash guruch" degan ma'noni anglatadi, bu juda yaxshi tavsif. Bu sabzavot bilan to'ldirilgan bir piyola guruchdan va odatda go'sht bo'laklaridan va tuxumdan iborat bo'lib, siz o'zingizning xohlagan miqdoringizni aralashtirib, qoshiq bilan aralashtirasiz. gochujangva keyin yutib yuboring. Ayniqsa mazali dolsot bibimbap (돌솥 비빔밥), guruchni pastki va qirralarida tiniq qilib pishiradigan issiq toshli kosada (barmoqlaringizni tomosha qiling!)

Yana bir foydali va mazali variant gimbap (김밥), ba'zan "koreys sushi rolls" deb nomlanadi. Gimbap tarkibida guruch, kunjut urug'i, koreyscha ismaloq, tuzlangan turp va quritilgan dengiz o'tlariga yaxshilab o'ralgan, ustiga kunjut yog'i solingan va dilimlenmiş mol go'shti yoki orkinos singari ixtiyoriy go'sht mavjud. Bitta rulon ishtahangizga qarab yaxshi atıştırmalık yoki butun ovqatni tayyorlaydi va ular yaxshi sayohat qilishadi. Koreyscha nimani ajratib turadi gimbap va yapon tili sushi guruchni qanday tayyorlashadi: gimbap odatda tuz va Susan yog'idan guruchga lazzat berish uchun foydalanadi, shu bilan birga sushi shakar va sirka ishlatadi. Shuningdek, gimbap odatda xom baliqlarga ega emas.

Ovqatlanishdan ko'ra ko'proq atıştırmalık tteokbokki (떡볶이), bu bir qarashda bug'lab turgan ichaklarga o'xshaydi, lekin aslida guruch pishiriqlari (b, tteok) ko'rinishiga qaraganda ancha yumshoq shirin chili sousida.

Sho'rvalar va oshxonalar

Sho'rvalar sifatida tanilgan guk (국) yoki tang (탕), esa jjigae (찌개) turli xil pishiriqlarni qoplaydi. Yo'nalish loyqa va bir nechta idishlarga ikkalasi bilan ham murojaat qilish mumkin (masalan, baliq sho'rva-stew) dongtae jjigae / dongtaetang), lekin umuman, jjigae achchiqroq va qalinroq guk / tang yumshoqroq. Ikkalasi ham har doim yon tomonida ko'p miqdorda oq guruch bilan iste'mol qilinadi.

Ning umumiy versiyalari jjigae o'z ichiga oladi doenjang jjigae (된장 찌개), bilan qilingan doenjang, sabzavotlar va qisqichbaqasimonlar va gimchi jjigae (김치 찌개), bilan qilingan - siz taxmin qilgansiz - kimchi. Sundubu jjigae (순두부 찌개) asosiy tarkibiy qism sifatida yumshoq tofu ishlatadi, odatda maydalangan cho'chqa go'shti qo'shiladi, ammo dengiz mahsulotining versiyasi ham mavjud haemul sundubu jjigae (해물 순두부 찌개) bu erda go'sht qisqichbaqalar, kalamar va shunga o'xshash narsalar bilan almashtiriladi.

Budae jjigae (부대 찌개) - bu shaharning koreys termoyadroviy taomlarining qiziqarli turi Uijeongbu, AQSh harbiy bazasi joylashgan joyda. Spam, kolbasa, cho'chqa go'shti va loviya kabi Amerika konservalari bilan tajriba o'tkazayotgan mahalliy aholi ularni qo'shishga harakat qildi jjigae, va retseptlar turlicha bo'lsa-da, ularning aksariyati ko'p miqdorda olovli kimchini o'z ichiga oladi. Aksariyat joylar sizga katta idish pishiradi va stol o'rtasidagi gaz plitasiga qo'yadi. Ko'pchilik qo'yishni yaxshi ko'radi ramyeon oshda noodle (in 사리), bu ixtiyoriy.

Ommabop tang oshlarga kiradi dilshodbek (설렁탕), ho'kiz suyaklaridan va go'shtdan sutli oq bulon, gamjatang (감자탕), cho'chqa umurtqasi va chili bilan kartoshka pishirig'i va doganitang (도가니탕), sigir tizzasidan yasalgan. Maxsus eslatib o'tishga arziydigan bitta sho'rva samgyetang (삼계탕), bu ginseng va guruch bilan to'ldirilgan butun bahorgi tovuq go'shti. Ginseng tufayli bu ko'pincha biroz qimmatga tushadi, ammo ta'mi juda yumshoq. Odatda yozning eng issiq qismidan oldin iliq bulonda "issiqni yengish uchun issiqni iste'mol qiling" an'anasi bilan iste'mol qilinadi.

Guk asosan dengiz o'tlari sho'rvasi kabi garnitürlerdir miyeokguk (미역국) va köfte osh manduguk (만두국), ammo bir nechtasi qo'rqinchli ko'rinishga ega cho'chqa umurtqasi va ho'kiz qon sho'rvasi xejangguk (해장국), mashhur ovqatlanishdan qutulish vositasi, ovqatlanish uchun etarli.

Noodle

Koreyslar makaronni yaxshi ko'rishadi va uning shartlari kuksu (국수) va myeon (면) mavjud bo'lgan turli xil turlarni qamrab oladi. Ular tez-tez tayyorlanadigan noodle do'konlarida ₩ 3000 narxiga sotiladi. Bug'doyga asoslangan makaron Koreyaning asosiy mahsulotidir.

Naengmyeon (냉면) koreys mutaxassisligi, dastlab shimoliy. Yupqa, chaynalgan karabuğdaydan tayyorlangan muzqaymoqli bulyonda tayyorlanadigan bulyon yozning eng mashhur taomidir - garchi bu an'anaviy ravishda qishki taom bo'lsa ham! Bundan tashqari, ular og'ir, go'shtli barbekyu ovqatini tugatishning klassik usuli. Taomning kaliti bulyon (육수) yuksu); taniqli restoranlarning retseptlari odatda sirlardan himoyalangan. Odatda ikkita o'ziga xos uslub mavjud: Pxenyanmul naengmyeon aniq bulon bilan va Hamxungbibim naengmyeon achchiq kiyinish va chaynalgan kartoshka makaronlari bilan.

Japchae (잡채) - bu ba'zi sabzavotlar (odatda karam, sabzi, piyoz) va ba'zida mol go'shti yoki odeng (baliq keki). Mandu (만두) köfte ham juda mashhur bo'lib, bug'da pishirilgan yoki qovurilgan holda boshqa ovqatlarga qo'shib pishiriladi yoki sho'rvada pishirilib butun ovqat tayyorlanadi.

Ramyeon (라면) Koreyaning ramen varianti bo'lib, ko'pincha xizmat qiladi - yana nima? - kimchi. Koreys ramyeon hech bo'lmaganda yapon rameniga taqqoslaganda umumiy ziravorligi bilan mashhur. "Shin Ramyun" tez tayyorlanadigan makaron markasi 100 dan ortiq mamlakatlarga eksport qilinmoqda.

Jajangmyeon (자장면) shimoliy xitoyliklar bilan bir oz bog'liq bo'lgan koreyslar tomonidan xitoylik taom deb hisoblanadi zhájiàngmiàn, odatda maydalangan cho'chqa go'shti, piyoz, bodring va sarimsoqni o'z ichiga olgan qora sous bilan ta'minlangan bug'doy makaronli taom. Odatda u Xitoy restoranlarida (erkin tarzda ta'riflanadigan) xizmat qiladi. Uning sousida bir oz karamel mavjud va shuning uchun umumiy taom shirin bo'ladi. Ommabop kombinatsiya jajangmyeon "xitoycha" shirin va nordon cho'chqa va tovuq go'shti bilan.

Nihoyat, udong (우동) yapon tiliga o'xshash qalin bug'doy makaronidir udon.

Dengiz mahsulotlari

Koreya yarimorol bo'lganligi sababli, siz har qanday turini topishingiz mumkin dengiz mahsulotlari (해물 haemul), ham pishirilgan, ham xom holda iste'mol qilinadi. O'zingizning baliqni yig'adigan yoki uni qo'shni baliq bozoridan olib keladigan restoranlar - mashhur, ammo buyurtmangizga qarab juda qimmatga tushishi mumkin.

Hoe (회, taxminan "hweh" deb talaffuz qilinadi) - koreyscha xom baliq (sashimiga o'xshash), achchiq ovqat bilan xizmat qiladi. cho-gochujang sous (aralashmasi gochujang va sirka). Chobap (초밥) - yapon sushisiga o'xshash sirka guruchli xom baliq. Ikkala idishda ham xom ashyo bilan ta'minlanmagan suyak qismlari ko'pincha mazali, ammo achchiq sho'rva deb nomlanadi meuntang (매운탕).

Yana bir pishgan mutaxassislik haemultang (해물탕), achchiq qizil qaynoq idishda Qisqichbaqa, qisqichbaqalar, baliqlar, kalamar, sabzavotlar va makaron to'ldirilgan.

Kitlarning go'shti shaharlarning bir nechta restoranlarida va kichik qirg'oqdagi shaharlardagi festivallarda mavjud, ammo uni topish oson emas va Yaponiyadan farqli o'laroq milliy madaniyatning bir qismi hisoblanmaydi. Shahar Pohang baliq ovining uzoq tarixiga ega va uning dengiz mahsulotlari bozori hali ham kitlarni ochiqchasiga taklif qilmoqda. Janubiy Koreya Xalqaro Whaling Komissiyasining 1986 yildagi xalqaro moratoriyasidan keyin kit ov qilishni taqiqladi, ammo muntazam baliq ovlash paytida tasodifan ushlangan kitlar bundan mustasno. Kit go'shti manbaidan olingan Yaponiya ba'zi restoranlarda sotilgan, bu noqonuniy (garchi qonun odatda e'tibordan chetda qolsa ham). Balina restoranlarini aniqlash oson, tashqi tomondan kitlar rasmlari sizni shubhasiz qoldirmoqda. Agar siz kitni iste'mol qilishni tanlasangiz, unda ushbu tur xavf ostida bo'lishi mumkinligini tushunishingiz kerak va shu sababli qaror o'zingizning axloqiy kompasingizga topshiriladi.

Boshqalar

Jeon (전), jijimi (지짐이), jijim (지짐), bindaetteok (빈대떡) va buchimgae (부침개) - bularning barchasi koreyscha uslub uchun umumiy atamalar qovurilgan pancake, bu deyarli hamma narsadan tayyorlanishi mumkin. Pijon (파전) - koreys uslubida panada qovurilgan, piyoz solingan pankek (파) pa). Haemul pijon Dengiz mahsulotlari qo'shilgan (해물 파전 파전) ayniqsa mashhur. Saengseonjeon (생선전) baliq va tuxum bilan yopilgan mayda filetalardan tayyorlanadi, so'ngra qovurilgan qovuriladi va nokdu bindaetteok (녹두 빈대떡) maydalangan mosh va turli xil sabzavotlar va go'shtdan tayyorlanadi.

Agar barbekyu qilingan go'sht sizning didingizga mos kelmasa, unda koreys uslubidagi mol go'shti tishlarini ko'ring yukhoe (육회). Xom mol go'shti maydalab maydalanadi, so'ngra bir oz kunjut moyi, kunjut, qarag'ay yong'oqlari va tuxum sarig'i qo'shiladi, soya va ba'zida gochujang tatib ko'rmoq. Bundan tashqari, vaqti-vaqti bilan uning o'rniga xom orkinos yoki hatto tovuq go'shti bilan tayyorlanadi.

Sundae (순대, pron. "Soon-deh") - bu turli xil ingredientlardan, shu jumladan, arpa, kartoshka makaronidan va cho'chqa qonidan tayyorlangan koreys qon kolbasalari. Sundae achchiq sousda yoki sho'rvada juda mazali.

Qo'rqinchli noziklik xom ahtapot (산낙지 sannakji) - bu buyurtma bo'yicha kesilgan, lekin tayoqchangiz bilan plastinkangizdagi so'rg'ichlarni olib tashlamoqchi bo'lganingizda, yana yarim soat tebranib turasiz. Dengiz shitirlashi (멍게 meongge) hech bo'lmaganda odatda ovqat eyishdan oldin o'ldiriladi, ammo farqni aytib berishga qiynalishingiz mumkin, chunki ta'mi esda qolarli ravishda "ammiakka botirilgan rezina" deb ta'riflangan.

Poundga yaqin Ha, bu to'g'ri - koreyslar ovqatlanishadi it. Janubiy Koreyada odam go'shti uchun it go'shtini sotish noqonuniy bo'lsa-da, amalda taqiq kamdan-kam hollarda qo'llaniladi va it go'shtidan tayyorlangan sho'rva (보신탕 bosintang yoki 영양탕 yongyangtang) ko'pincha yozning eng issiq kunlarida jonlanish uchun iste'mol qilinadi. U odatdagi oziq-ovqat mahsuloti sifatida muntazam ravishda iste'mol qilinmaydi va odatda faqat maxsus it restoranlarida sotiladi, shuning uchun tasodifan Snoopyni chaynashingiz ehtimoldan yiroq emas. U eng ko'p achchiq sho'rva yoki stew kabi iste'mol qilinadi suyuk (수육), bu faqat hidni yo'q qilish va go'shtni yumshoq qilish uchun ziravorlar bilan qaynatilgan go'sht. Yuridik tan olinmaganligi sababli, sanoat butunlay tartibga solinmagan, natijada itlarni qanday boqish, so'yish va qayta ishlash masalalarida ko'plab muammolar yuzaga keladi. Garchi ta'mni yaxshilash uchun itlar endi umuman o'ldirilmasa ham o'ldiriladi, itlarni boqish va so'yish sharoitlari ko'pincha noinsoniydir. Bu Janubiy Koreya madaniyatining o'ziga xos jihati, janubiy koreyaliklar odatda chet elliklar tushunishga umid qila olmaydi va kamdan-kam hollarda siz bilan muhokama qilishni xohlashadi. Janubiy koreyaliklar G'arbning itlarga bo'lgan munosabatini bilishadi va sizni hech qanday ovqat eyishga majbur qilishmaydi, garchi siz buni sinab ko'rsangiz koreyalik do'stlaringiz tomonidan katta hurmatga sazovor bo'lasiz. Agar sizga qiziq bo'lsa, koreyalik do'stlaringizdan sizni bunday restoranga olib borishni iltimos qilganingiz ma'qul, chunki ular kamdan-kam reklama qilishadi. Agar siz harakat qilsangiz, bir piyola ₩ 10,000 dan kam bo'lishi mumkin va siz itning ta'mi mol go'shti yoki buzoq go'shti kabi keng ta'mga ega ekanligini bilib olasiz. Janubiy Koreyaliklarning aksariyati it go'shtini muntazam ravishda iste'mol qilmaydi va shu kunlarda ularning aksariyati itlarni oziq-ovqat emas, balki uy hayvonlari deb hisoblamoqda, itlar go'shtiga qo'yilgan taqiqni qat'iyan qo'llab-quvvatlashni qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar soni ortib bormoqda.

Ovqatlanish cheklovlari

Vejeteryanlar a qiyin vaqt Koreyada. Sharqiy Osiyoning aksariyat qismida bo'lgani kabi, "go'sht" quruqlikdagi hayvonlarning go'shti deb tushuniladi, shuning uchun dengiz maxsulotlari go'sht deb hisoblanmaydi. Spamni go'sht emasligi bilan ham chalkashtirib yuborish mumkin, shuning uchun nima yeymasligingizni aniq tushuntiring. Agar siz "yo'q" deb so'rasangiz gogi (고기) "ular odatdagidek pishirishadi va go'shtning katta bo'laklarini tanlab olishadi. Yaxshi iboralardan biri - bu o'zligingni aytish"chaesikjuwija"(채식주의 자), faqat sabzavot iste'mol qiladigan odam. Bu serverdan savollar tug'dirishi mumkin, shuning uchun tayyor bo'ling! Ehtimol, kartada yoki bo'lakda koreyscha qilmaydigan va qilmaydigan oziq-ovqatlarning aniq ro'yxati bo'lishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas. restoran serverlari va oshpazlarini ko'rsatish uchun qog'oz Koreyscha so'zlashuv kitobi § Ovqatlanish.) Yoki qidiring namul (나물), koreyscha uslubdagi turli xil eyiladigan o'tlar va barglar.

Aksariyat oshxonalarda, ayniqsa baliq baliqlari ishlatiladi myeolchi (멸치, hamsi). Bu sizning ovqatingiz bo'ladi va obro'li vegetarian restoranlardan tashqarida siz biron bir pishiriq, oshxona yoki kastryulka buyurtma qilyapsizmi, deb so'rashingiz kerak.

Achchiq (qizil) kimchi tarkibida deyarli tuzli mayda qisqichbaqalar kabi dengiz maxsulotlari bo'ladi. U sho'r suvda yo'qolganligi sababli, siz uni vizual ravishda aniqlay olmaysiz. Kimchining yana bir turi chaqirildi mulgimchi (물 김치, "suv kimchi") vegetarian hisoblanadi, chunki u shunchaki turli xil sabzavotlar bilan toza, oq bulonda tuzlanadi. Agar siz sho'r suvli qisqichbaqalar bilan xushbo'y narsa iste'mol qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, unda kimchi sizni Koreyada uzoq yo'lga olib boradi.

Uchun laktoza toqat qilmaydigan odamlar, sut mahsulotlaridan voz kechish to'g'ridan-to'g'ri, chunki ular an'anaviy koreys oshxonasida kam uchraydi.

Koreyaning buddistlik an'analariga ko'ra, veganlar va vegetarianlar Koreyadagi ma'bad oshxonasida mukammal darajada xavfsiz (사찰 음식) sachal eumsik) asaldan tashqari sut, tuxum yoki hayvonot mahsulotlaridan foydalanmaydigan restoranlar. Ushbu oshxona modada bo'lgan, ammo u ancha qimmatga tushishi mumkin.

Koreyada vegetarian restoranlari soni tobora ko'payib bormoqda - aksariyati katta yoki o'rta joylarda. Ulardan ba'zilari ettinchi kun adventistlari yoki hindular tomonidan boshqariladi.

Tashqarida va atrofida vegetarian va vegetarian taomlarni topish nisbatan oson va buyurtma berish xavfsiz:

• Ko'pchilik banchan ko'p ovqatlarda beriladigan garnitürler vegetarian hisoblanadi, garchi kimchi odatda bunday bo'lmasa.
• Bibimbap (비빔밥) - aralash guruch va sabzavotlarning ajoyib vegan variantidir va deyarli hamma joyda uchraydi! Shunga qaramay, ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki u vaqti-vaqti bilan mol go'shti bilan, ko'pincha qovurilgan tuxum bilan birga taklif qilinadi.
• Somandu (소만두) - koreyscha köfte, bu sabzavot va shisha idishga solingan. Deyarli boshqa barcha köfte turlaridan saqlaning.
• Japchae (잡채) sabzavotli bulonda, ko'pincha muzli sovuq makaron, ammo mol go'shti bo'laklari qo'shilmasligini ta'minlang. Yozda mazali.
• Gimbap (김밥) - bu guruch va tuzlangan sabzavotlar bilan koreys sushi-rulolari bo'lib, ularni hamma joyda topish mumkin. Ko'p navlar bor, lekin o'rtada Spam yoki baliq pirogi bo'lmaganlarni qidirib topishingiz kerak.

Ichish

Ichkilik ichuvchilar quvonishadi - ichimliklar arzon va koreyslar dunyodagi eng og'ir ichuvchilar qatoriga kiradi. Ish joyida qo'llaniladigan qat'iy ijtimoiy me'yorlar tufayli, ichimlik zali nafaqat inhibisyonlar chiqarilishi va shaxsiy munosabatlarni ifoda etishi mumkin. Muhim biznes bitimlari kengash zalida emas, balki barda yopiladi. Aktsiyalar, grantlar va boshqa biznes yutuqlari qo'shiq xonalarida, kechqurun xom baliq restoranlarida va restoran-barlarda ichimliklar bilan ta'minlanadi. Ko'plab koreyalik erkaklar g'arbda juda ko'p ichkilikbozlar deb hisoblashadi va alkogolizm kasallik deb tan olinishi sababli, ommaviy harakatlar spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilishni cheklashga harakat qila boshladi. Uxlab yotgan holda kostyum kiygan ishbilarmonlarni ko'rganingizga hayron bo'lmang va ertalab piyodalar yo'laklarida keng tarqalgan qusish ko'lmaklariga qadam qo'yishdan ehtiyot bo'ling.

Janubiy Koreyada ichish yoshi 19.

Kecha hayoti

G'arbning ichkilikbozlik odatlari bilan taqqoslaganda, koreyslar tungi dam olishdan biroz boshqacha usullarni qo'llashgan. Albatta, siz G'arb uslubidagi barlarni osongina topishingiz mumkin, ammo koreys uslubidagi barga borish qiziqarli voqea bo'lishi mumkin. Xoflar (호프 umid qilaman, nemis tilidan Hof, "sud" yoki "hovli" kabi Hofbräuhaus) bu oddiy pivo joylari, ular pivo va yonma ovqatlarga xizmat qiladi. Mijozlar Koreyadagi ko'pchilik ichimliklar iste'mol qiladigan korxonalarda o'zlarining ichimliklari bilan birga yurish uchun ba'zi bir yon piyola buyurtma qilishlari kerak. Raqobat kuchayib borayotganligi sababli, ko'plab xoflar o'yin-kulgi uchun turli xil asboblarni o'rnatishni boshladilar.

To'lov klublari tungi klublarning koreyscha versiyasidir. Ularni qiziqtiradigan narsa bu ismning "bron qilish" qismidir. Bu asosan ofitsiantlarni tanishtirish orqali boshqa jinsdagi yangi odamlar bilan tanishishning bir usuli (ular odatda ayollarni erkaklar stoliga tashrif buyurishadi, lekin aksincha tobora ko'payib boradi). Rezervasyon klublari odatdagi bar va xoflarga qaraganda biroz qimmatroq, ammo juda qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin. Bular Amerika uslubidagi klublardan farq qilishi mumkin, chunki qoplama to'lovidan tashqari, siz spirtli ichimliklar va yonma-ovqatlar buyurtma qilishingiz kutiladi (ular which 200,000--500,000 oralig'ida juda qimmat bo'lishi mumkin). Ammo bundan tashqari, raqs va atmosfera taxminan bir xil.

Rezervasyon klubida qilish odatiy narsalardan biri bu qimmatbaho ichimliklar va mevali idishlarni sotib olib, stolingizni yoki stendingizni "bezash", bu sizning klubingizning boshqa homiylariga sizning "maqomingiz" to'g'risida signal beradi (ayniqsa, sizning jinsingiz) . Shotland viski Koreyada juda mashhur, shuning uchun bu zararsiz Johnnie Walker shishasi uchun juda yuqori narxlarni to'lashga hayron bo'lmang. Boshqa tomondan, ichimliklarni alohida sotib olishdan ko'ra, bir shisha likyor yoki "likyor to'plami" ni sotib olish umumiy ma'noda yaxshiroqdir.

Boshqa tomondan, ko'plab mahalliy aholi shahar bo'ylab topilgan ko'plab koreys grilxonalarida do'stlari bilan ichish va ovqat eyish uchun chiqadilar. Odamlar bir nechta shishani iste'mol qilishlari odatiy holdir soju har biri va pivo va qattiq likyorni aralashtirish tavsiya etiladi. Spirtli ichimliklar va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini guruhga bog'lash Janubiy Koreya bo'ylab madaniy xususiyatdir.

Qo'shiq aytishni ham, ichishni ham yaxshi ko'radiganlar uchun karaoke Janubiy Koreyada mashhur va shuning uchun u keng tarqalgan noraebang (노래방). Koreyscha qo'shiqlardan tashqari, yirik korxonalarda ba'zi xitoy, yapon va ingliz qo'shiqlari ham bo'lishi mumkin.

Odob-axloq qoidalari

Koreyslar bilan ichishda bir necha odob-axloq qoidalariga rioya qilish kerak. Siz o'zingizning stakaningizni to'ldirishingiz shart emas; aksincha, boshqalarning ko'zoynagini kuzatib boring, bo'shashganda ularni to'ldiring (lekin ilgari emas) va ular sizga yaxshilikni qaytaradilar. Birovga suv quyayotganda va ichimlik olayotganda ikkala qo'lingizni ishlatish, ichganda boshingizni qariyalardan qaytarish odobli hisoblanadi.

Yosh odamlar ko'pincha keksa odamdan ichishni rad etishda qiynalishadi, shuning uchun sizdan yoshroq bo'lgan odamdan ko'proq ichishni xohlaysizmi, deb so'rab biling, chunki ular ko'pincha sizga rad javobini berolmaydilar. Albatta, bu ikkala usulda ham ishlaydi. Ko'pincha, agar keksa odam sizni ziyofat bilan yurishmayotganingizni sezsa, u sizga stakanni taklif qilishi mumkin, keyin u to'ldiradi va ichishingizni kutadi. Bo'sh oynani zudlik bilan qaytarib, uni to'ldirish odobli hisoblanadi.

Soju

Janubiy Koreyaning milliy ichimliklari soju (소주), aroqqa o'xshash alkogolli ichimlik (odatda miqdori bo'yicha 20% atrofida spirt). Bu boshqa har qanday ichimlikdan arzonroq - 350 ml lik shishaning narxi barlarda ₩ 3000 dan bir oz yuqoriroq bo'lishi mumkin (do'konlarda ₩ 1100 donagacha!) - shuningdek kuchli. It's usually made by fermenting starch from rice, barley, corn, potato, sweet potato, etc., to produce pure alcohol which is then diluted with water and other flavors. The manufacturing process leaves in a lot of extraneous chemicals, so be prepared for a four-alarm hangover in the morning, even after drinking a comparatively small amount.

Traditionally, soju was made by distilling rice wine and aging it, which created a smooth spirit of about 40%. This type of traditional soju can still be found, for example Andong Soju (안동 소주) — named after the town of Andong - va munbaeju (문배주). These can be expensive, but prices (and quality) vary considerably.

Historically, there were numerous brewers throughout the country until late Chosun dynasty and before Japanese colonization. However, by the Japanese colonization and the oppressive and economy-obsessed government in the 1960-'70s, using guruch for making wine or spirits was strictly prohibited. This eliminated most of the traditional brewers in the country, and Korea was left with a few large distilleries (Jinro 진로, Gyeongwol 경월, Bohae 보해, Bobae 보배, Sunyang 선양, etc.) that basically made "chemical soju". Brewery distribution and markets were regionalized, and until the 1990s it was difficult to find a Jinro soju anywhere else than Seoul (you would have to pay premium even if you found one), Gyeongwol soju outside Gangwon, or Sunyang outside Chungcheong.

Also, there are soju cocktails such as "socol" (soju Coke), ppyong-gari (soju Pocari Sweat, a Japanese isotonic drink like flavorless Gatorade), so-maek (soju beer), etc., all aimed at getting you drunk quicker and cheaper.

Rice wine

Traditional unfiltered rice wines in Korea are known as takju (탁주), literally "cloudy alcohol". In the most basic and traditional form, these are made by fermenting rice with nuruk (누룩), a mix of fungi and yeast that breaks down starch in rice into sugar and then alcohol over 3–5 days. Then this is strained, usually diluted to 4–6% and imbibed. However, as with the case of traditional soju, unless explicitly stated on the bottle most takju are made from wheat flour and other cheaper grains. Makgeolli (막걸리) is the simplest takju, fermented once and then strained, while in dongdongju (동동주) more rice is added once or more during the fermentation to boost the alcohol content and the flavor. Typically you can find a couple of rice grains floating in dongdongju as a result.

Chexun vs. xayr There are two major differences between Korean and Japanese rice wine. The first is that Korean wine uses nuruk, while Japanese wine uses koji. While both can be considered yeasts, nuruk contains various kinds of fungi and other microorganisms, while in koji a more selected breed of fungi does its job. The treatment of rice is also different: traditionally rice for making cheongju is washed "a hundred times" (백세 paekse), but for xayr, the rice is polished until the grain size is as little as 50% of its original size. Therefore, some people comment that in general cheongju tastes more complex and earthy, while xayr tastes cleaner and sweeter.

Yakju (약주) or cheongju (청주) is filtered rice wine, similar to the Japanese rice wine xayr. The fermentation of rice is sustained for about 2 weeks or longer, strained, and then is kept still to have the suspended particles settle out. The end result is the clear wine on top, with about 12–15% alcohol. Various recipes exist, which involve a variety of ingredients and when and how to add them accordingly. Popular brands include Baekseju (백세주) and Dugyeonju (두견주).

Those with an interest in the wine production process and its history will want to visit the Traditional Korean Wine Museum in Jeonju.

Ginseng wine

One expensive but tasty type of alcohol you can find in Korea is Korean ginseng wine (인삼주 insamju), which is believed to have medicinal properties and is particularly popular among the elderly. It is made by fermenting Korean ginseng, just as the name implies.

Pivo

Western-style lagers are also quite popular in Korea, with the three big brands being Cass, Hite (pronounced like "height") and OB, all of which are rather light and watery and cost around ₩1,500 per bottle at a supermarket. Hofs serve pints of beer in the ₩2,000-5,000 range, although imported beers can be much more expensive. You are expected to order food as well, and may even get served grilled squid or similar Korean pub grub without ordering, for a charge of ₩10,000 or so.

Choy

Like their Asian neighbors, Koreans drink a lot of choy (차 cha), most of it yashil choy (녹차 nokcha). However, the label cha is applied to a number of other tealike drinks as well:

• boricha (보리차), roasted barley tea, often served cold in summer, water substitute for many household
• insamcha (인삼차), ginseng tea
• oksusucha (옥수수차), roasted corn tea
• yulmucha (율무차), a thick white drink made from a barley-like plant called Job's tears

Like Chinese and Japanese teas, Korean teas are always drunk neat, without the addition of milk or sugar. However, Western-style milk tea is available at Western restaurants and the usual American fast-food chains.

Coffee

Coffee (커피 keopi) has become widely available, especially from streetside vending machines that will pour you a cupful for as little as ₩300, usually sweet and milky, but there is often a plain option.

Qahvaxonalar can be seen virtually everywhere in the country. There are a large number of Korean chains such as Cafe Bene and Angel in Us. A coffee costs around ₩4,000. It is worth to hunt out independent coffee shops that take great pride in their coffee. Even in small countryside villages, the ubiquitous bread shop Paris Baguette will give you a decent latte for around ₩2,000. Foreign-owned coffee shops such as Starbucks tend to be much less common than their Korean counterparts. Aside from coffee, these cafes will usually sell food such as sandwiches, toasties, paninis and quesadillas as well as sweet options such as bingsu (Korean shaved ice), Korean-style toast, pastries and a wide variety of cakes, some even vegan.

Other drinks

Some other traditional drinks worth keeping an eye out for:

• Sikhye (식혜), a very sweet, grainy rice drink served cold
• Sujeonggwa (수정과), a sweet, cinnamon-y drink made from persimmons served cold

Uyqu

There's plenty of accommodation in all price brackets in South Korea. Prices in Seoul are typically about twice that of anywhere else in the country.

Some higher-end hotels offer a choice of Western-style and Korean-style rooms. The main feature of Korean rooms is an elaborate floor-heating system known as ondol (온돌), where hot steam (or, these days, water or electricity) heats stone slabs under a layer of clay and oiled paper. There are no beds; instead, mattresses are laid directly on the floor. Other furniture is typically limited to some low tables (you're also expected to sit on the floor) and maybe a TV.

Motellar

Some of the cheapest accommodation in South Korea are in what are called motellar (모텔 motel) or yeogwan (여관), but a more accurate name would be sex hotels. Since Koreans often live with parents and extended family, motels are generally very cheap hotels targeted at young couples aiming to spend personal time together, complete with plastic beds, occasionally vibrating, with strategically placed mirrors on the ceiling, as well as a VCR and a variety of appropriate videos. However for the budget traveller, they can simply be inexpensive lodging, with rates as low as ₩25,000/night.

The easiest way to find a motel is to just look for the symbol "♨" and gaudy architecture, particularly near stations or highway exits. They're harder to find online, as they rarely if ever show up in English-language booking sites.

In some motels picking your room is very easy, as there will be room numbers, lit pictures and prices on the wall. The lower price is for a "rest" (휴식 hyusik) of 2–4 hours, while the higher price is the overnight rate. Press the button for the one you like, which will go dark, and proceed to check-in. You'll usually be expected to pay in advance, often to just a pair of hands behind a frosted glass window. English is rarely spoken, but the only word you need to know is sukbak (숙박, "staying"). You may or may not receive a key, but even if you don't, the staff can usually let you in and out on request — just don't lose your receipt!

Hotels

Full-service hotels can be found in all larger towns in Korea. Cheaper hotels blend into motels with rooms from ₩40,000, while three and four star hotels are ₩100,000-200,000 and five-star luxury hotels can easily top ₩300,000. Outside peak season you can often get steep discounts from the rack rates, so be sure to ask when reserving.

Hanok

Hanok (한옥) are traditional Korean houses. Once considered to be old-fashioned and an impediment to modernization, many of these houses dating back to the Joseon dynasty are being renovated and opened to paying guests, operating similar to B&Bs or Japanese ryokan yoki minshuku. Amenities range from very basic backpacker-style to over-the-top luxury, with prices to match. Higher-end establishments typically provide the option of having a traditional Korean dinner, as well as a choice of either Western or traditional Korean-style breakfast. Guests would usually sleep on mattresses on the floor. Hanok accommodations can typically be found in old towns such as Bukchon in Seul, as well as historical towns and cities such as Hahoe va Kyonju.

Hostels and guesthouses

While not as common in South Korea as in other parts of Asia or the world, hostels and guesthouses can be found. Major cities, such as Seoul, will have a few dozen, while smaller cities may have a handful. Prices can vary widely, even within one hostel. In Seoul, mixed dorms average ₩15,000-25,000 per person; private rooms with a shared toilet and shower average ₩20,000-30,000 per person; and private ensuite rooms average ₩25,000-40,000 per person. Many hostels will have a common room with free TV, games, computers, and internet; some will have a public full kitchen and other amenities.

Minbak

In rural areas in and near national parks, you can find a minbak (민박). Most of these are just a room or two in someone's home — others are quite fancy and may be similar to motels/yeogwan or hotels. Generally, they have ondol rooms with maybe a TV and that's about it. You don't usually get your own bathroom in your room, although some of the fancier ones do have an en suite. Minbak usually run around ₩20,000 off-season, though the price may go up quite a bit during high season.

Homestay

Very similar in concept to a minbak, these aren't limited to just rural areas or near national parks. Since the World Cup in 2002, many families around the country have opened their doors and hearts to foreigners looking for a good place to sleep and a breakfast included in the price. These can run between ₩30,000 and ₩35,000 per night.

Pension

A fancier and costly version of rural minbak. Most of them are European-style detached bungalows, equipped with private shower/bath, TV, air conditioner, private kitchen and camping grills. Pensions usually run around ₩60,000-150,000 off-season and over ₩200,000 peak season depending on the size of the house. Pensions near Seoul (Gyeonggi, Incheon) usually costs twice or more the price.

Jjimjilbang

For the budget traveller, public bath houses known as jjimjilbang (찜질방) can offer a great way to sleep, besides a relaxing bath and sauna. (Some Korean spas don't offer overnight stay, like the "Spa Land Centum City" in Busan, and some can be limited in time, like the "Dragon Hill Spa" in Seoul, but they are exceptions.) Entrance costs around ₩5,000-12,000, and includes a robe or T-shirts/shorts (for mixed facilities and sleeping hall) to wear. However, when you leave, you have to take everything with you and pay to get back in.

The facilities can be expansive, including showers, public baths, restaurants, computer/video game rooms, a room with DVD movies, and a warm hall to sleep, mostly with mattresses and sometimes soft head rests available. These places are generally used by families or couples during the weekend, as well as Korean working men from the countryside on weekday evenings, but travellers are welcome. A jjimjilbang is no more awkward than any Western public bath — so go ahead.

Usually two lockers are provided, one for the shoes (at the entrance) and one for your clothes and everything else (near the bath entrance). A very large backpack may not fit, although you can usually leave it at reception.

Ma'badlar

South Korea offers many temple stays in all parts of the country. The basic idea is that you stay for one or more days living with the monks and participating in some of their rituals.

Jogye (조계사), Korea's largest Buddhist sect, runs a popular temple stay program where visitors get to spend 24 hours living at a Buddhist temple. Speaking Korean helps but is not necessary at some temples, but you will be expected to work at the temple and get up at 03:00 or 04:00 to participate in morning prayer. In exchange for three meals and a basic bed for the night, a donation of ₩50,000-80,000 is expected. Reservations are necessary and can be made at the Temple Stay site or via Korea Travel Phone ( 82-2-1330).

O'rganing

Education is taken very seriously in South Korea, and the country is home to several world class universities, many of which have exchange agreements with various foreign universities, and are a good way for foreigners to experience life in the country. The most prestigious general universities, collectively known as SKY, are Seoul National University (SNU), Yonsei University va Korea University, the former of which is widely regarded as the undisputed number one university in South Korea. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) va Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) are regarded as the top universities specializing in science and engineering.

Boshqalar

• Taekwondo (태권도 taegwondo, literally "the way of kicking and punching") — The quintessential Korean martial art that is also an Olympic sport, and you can study at any of the numerous schools all over the country.
• Pishirish — Most major cities will offer Korean cooking classes to foreigners.
  • Kimchi — Many tourist packages nowadays include learning how to make a Korean staple dish kimchi.
• Changgeuk (창극) or pansori (판소리) — If you like music, this will be good for you. It's a unique traditional Korean form of singing. If you want to learn about pansori through film, Seopyeonje (서편제) (1993) would be an excellent choice.
• Korean language — Seoul National University, Korea University, Sogang University, and Yonsei University (in Seul) provide Korean language programs. You can meet people from all over the world while studying Korean.
• Korean traditional dance — You can go to a dance studio and learn Korean traditional dance. You will wear hanbok, Korean traditional clothes.
• Baduk (바둑) — Korean name for the ancient Chinese board game called Go in English and Japanese. Many Koreans play the game, and among them are some of the world's finest players. There are professional tournaments and even schools that specialize in baduk.
• Janggi (장기) — Also known as Korean chess, a board game similar to Chinese chess, with which it shares its origins, though the rules of the two games have diverged significantly.

Ish

Working in Korea can be a great way to experience the country. For English teachers the hours and pay are reasonable, however for other professions bear in mind that South Korea has some of the longest working hours globallyva frequent obligatory after-work drinking can be demanding. In addition, Korea isn't yet really set up to make entering the job market easy for foreigners. Reading and speaking Koreys will definitely open up many more opportunities for you.

Foreigners must obtain an Employment Visa in order to legally work in South Korea, and will usually require a company based in South Korea to sponsor your application. For prospective teachers the school will almost always arrange this on your behalf. Citizens of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Japan may apply for a one year Working Holiday Visa which allows for short term employment whilst on holiday in Korea.

After you have been living in South Korea continuously for 5 years, you may apply for permanent residency, which allows you to live and work in South Korea indefinitely with no restrictions. Alternative routes to permanent residency are by investing a large amount of money in a local business, by marrying a South Korean citizen, or by obtaining a PhD in certain scientific fields. The application process is still complex even if you meet one of these criteria.

Korean work culture is a lot more hierarchical and formal than what most Westerners are used to back home. Suits are standard business attire for men, while business dresses or skirts are obligatory for women, and modes of address at the workplace tend to be very formal. South Korean companies place a strong emphasis on group cohesiveness, meaning that the success of the company is a whole is a lot more emphasized than an individual's accomplishments. Employees are also expected to obey their bosses' instructions without question, and must usually get approval from their bosses before making any decisions. It is considered rude to not be at work when your boss is, which means arriving at work early before your boss does, and staying late until after your boss has left, and often working on weekends as well. Korean workers are also often expected to go out for food and drinks with their colleagues after work multiple times a week, which means getting home only when it is haqiqatan ham late.

Teaching

Work as an English teacher is the most common type of work available to foreigners from English speaking countries, with the requirements of being able to speak English and a minimum level of education being a Bachelor's degree. Schools prefer native English speakers and many prefer North American accents. In most instances, native English speakers from the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and the United Kingdom are the only applicants that are usually considered.

The main employer of native English speaking teachers are private academies called hagwon (학원). Many parents enroll their children in order to catch up or overtake their peers, and therefore scheduled classes are often in the evenings and Saturdays. People interested in these teaching positions often find them via professional recruiters. There are pros and cons to teaching ESL in the hagwon system. On the plus side the money can be quite good. As of 2016, the average monthly salary is approximately ₩2,000,000 and basic housing is usually provided. It's often possible to live comfortably on half of one's salary and to save the rest.

On the negative side, hagwon are privately run and strictly for profit, and may only operate for a few years. As such it is important to research and evaluate each prospective employer before accepting an offer, since there are plenty of horror stories of unscrupulous academy owners and incompetent directors. Although you will have full employment rights in South Korea, there is practically very little you can do when an issue or dispute arises. The majority of English teachers have a good experience through the hagwon system.

University employment is also possible. Those who have a graduate-level degree, preferably in TESOL (Teaching English as a Second or Other Language), may find professional opportunities at the post secondary level preferable to teaching in private academies.

Racial discrimination South Korean employers tend to be more discriminatory towards non-white people, especially towards people of African and Indian ethnic origin. Although the official position is that all people are welcome, there are actually no laws related to racial discrimination in South Korea. This is largely based on economics; the stereotypical native English speaker is a white person, and many parents expect the teacher to look like that when they send their children to learn English. South Korean job applications usually require you to attach a photo of yourself, along with other information usually considered private in the western English speaking world such as height, weight and marital status. Many foreign non-white people are hired into hagwon, but be aware that there is a bias.

Some of the best positions are in the public sector, although in Seoul and Busan, schools have been phasing out foreign English teachers and replacing them with English-speaking South Koreans. Still, year-long public school positions are available though the government-funded EPIK Program in most provinces and the rapidly contracting GEPIK Program in Gyeonggi, with a few also handled by recruiter companies. Alternately, the TALK Program runs 6-month rural public school positions for non-graduates.

For more information about teaching English in Korea through the private-sector, visit Eslcafe, Worknplay, Eslstarter va Englishspectrum. For the public-sector, see the aforementioned EPIK program.

Daejeon full-time public elementary school positions stand apart from most in the country in that they consist of multiple part-time support positions at different schools. Most public school and university positions start at the beginning of March or September, however these are the more desirable jobs and must be applied for months before the start date.

South Korean Immigration is constantly changing the visa regulations for E-2 visa holders, so keep abreast of updates.

IT

South Korea is often promoted as the world's most wired country, and as such has a massive IT infrastructure. There is plenty of IT work if you can speak Koreys, although local rates are much lower than in western countries.

Engineering

South Korea has a lot of opportunities for engineers, and often doesn't have a requirement for Korean language. Port cities such as Pusan, Ulsan va Geoje have a demand for marine engineers.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Jinoyat

South Korea is a very safe country, with reported crime rates much lower than in the U.S. and most European Union countries. Crime rates are comparable to other safe places such as Yaponiya, Singapore va Hong Kong, and it is safe for women to walk around alone at night, even in the major cities. Violent crime is rare toward locals and tourists alike. For the most part, the only foreigners who encounter trouble in South Korea are drunken ones that provoke fights at bars or clubs.

If you do happen to encounter any trouble, police stations are located in every district, usually in walking distance from subway entrances and bus stops. While most policemen won't understand English, they do have interpreters on-call that can assist you.

Racism

South Korea is a very ethnically homogeneous country, and for many South Koreans, this is a point of pride. Discrimination against non-Koreans is systemic and there is no anti-discrimination legislation whatsoever. Nevertheless South Korea is changing. As recently as 2000 it was not advisable for a foreign man to hold hands in public with a South Korean woman and today it is almost no issue at all. Any horror stories you hear should be taken in context of the positive changes that are happening.

The reality is that white people will mostly get a free pass from experiencing much if any racial abuse. When applying for work in South Korea, especially in teaching positions, many employers prefer white people over other ethnicities. (This may be one of the reasons they ask for a picture on your application.) Darker skinned people do experience more problems, including being barred from saunas and bars.

Most visitors to South Korea are extremely unlikely to encounter any problems at all. If you do experience racial abuse then you can call on the police to help, although realistically if no other offense has been committed then they will at most just try and reason with the abuser.

People from North Korea also experience discrimination in society, partly out of suspicion (North Korea has sent assassins and spies disguised as refugees) and partly out of the difficulty to integrate themselves into a vastly different society. Ethnic Koreans from China are also often regarded poorly due to being associated with low economic status and crime. Odamlar Janubiy-Sharqiy Osiyo are also discriminated against since most immigrant workers in low-paid jobs come from that region.

Yo'l harakati

With one of the highest rates of traffic deaths, South Korean motorists will speed through pedestrian crossings, jump red lights and come within a hair-width distance to pedestrians and other cars alike. Even when the light turns red, drivers will not stop. Motorcyclists are particularly reckless weaving in and out on crowded sidewalks. It is up to you to avoid them.

There is a lot of discussion about the reason for this, although it basically comes down to Koreans regarding traffic laws as guidelines that are nice ideas rather than rules to be obeyed.

Pedestrian crosswalks stay green for a very short period of time. When the walk signal is flashing and you are still at the curb, do not cross. Instead, you should wait and be ready for the light to turn green. The moment it turns green, wait for about 3 to 5 seconds and see if other pedestrians start to cross, and if all the traffic has indeed stopped, then walk briskly to cross safely. It is safer to take underground passageways at busy intersections. Most mopeds prefer to weave through pedestrians rather than wait with the rest of the traffic.

There are plenty of marked pedestrian crossings in Korea, and they are essentially ignored by all drivers. As a foreigner you can use them by stepping onto the crossing and directly staring down any approaching cars and they will usually yield. It is important for you to stay alert while crossing the roads. Taxis, buses, freight trucks, and delivery scooters are more likely to ignore traffic rules, since many of them are pressured to ignore rules by harsh timetables or their customers.

Illegal taxis

Illegal taxis are a problem and run even from the airport. Each Korean city has a different taxi scheme with a specific car color, so check out your destination city's taxi scheme before you arrive. At the airport, ignore anyone asking if you want a taxi at arrivals and head out to the official taxi rank.

Civil unrest

In the heart of the political center of Seul, near Gwanghwamun and City Hall, you may witness political activists of one sort or another in the city center and demonstrations can grow to tens of thousands. You'll have to use discretion as violence during political demonstrations can happen, often with water cannons and tear gas, and also large crowds may pose safety issues. Fighting is always between the demonstrators and police, and foreigners are not targeted. Also, South Korean legislation prohibits non-South Koreans from engaging in political activities.

Local laws

Ignorance of the law here is no excuse for breaking it and can even be seen as a reason for harsher punishment. They include heavy fines, lengthy jail sentences and immediate deportation.

• Penalties concerning drug offenses may seem particularly harsh to Westerners
• Submitting fraudulent documentation for obtaining visas
• Giving somebody an English lesson without possessing the correct visa
• Causing injury during a fight, even if you were not the one who instigated it

South Korea has a draconian National Security Act (국가보안법, Gukga Boanbeop) with regards to North Korea that restricts any unauthorized contact with that country or its citizens. Although it rarely applies to foreign visitors you should still be careful since being associated with any "anti-State group" (반국가단체 bangukga danche) is a criminal offense. With this in mind, you should under no circumstances display any symbols that represent North Korea or be seen to praise (찬양 chanyang) North Korean figures, in particular Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, in public, websites or social media. Doing this as a joke is not in any way an excuse, and criminal convictions can incur a penalty of up to seven years in prison.

Websites in North Korea or from North Korean-affiliated organizations are blocked from South Korea. In any case you should not attempt to access them since it could be regarded as a "communication" (통신 tongsin) with an anti-State group.

Gambling

Gambling is illegal for South Korean citizens, although a limited number of casinos are available for foreigners only in Seul, Pusan va Jeju orol. You will need to bring your passport to enter these establishments.

Yovvoyi tabiat

The Asian giant hornet (장수말벌, jangsu malbeol) or "commander bee" is usually seen around summer time; it is about 40 mm (1.6 in) long and can sting repeatedly and painfully. A hornet defending its nest or feeding spot will make a clicking sound to warn away intruders; if you encounter one, retreat. If you are stung, receive prompt medical attention, as prolonged exposure to the venom could cause permanent injury or even death.

There are very few other animals that can be dangerous in Korea. The Siberian tiger is sadly no longer found on the Korean Peninsula. Large wild boars can sometimes be found in forested areas and can be very dangerous if they attack. If you see a boar with piglets then keep well away since the mother will not hesitate to protect them.

Large sharks including the great white and hammerhead are being sighted more frequently off the coast of South Korea. To date there has never been a recorded attack on swimmers, although a few abalone divers have been killed in the past 20 years. The most popular beaches are closely monitored, and this is unlikely to be a real risk to you.

Natural hazards

South Korea is considerably less prone to natural disasters than its neighbors. Earthquakes are rare occurrences, though minor ones occasionally occur in the southwest of the country. Tsunamis are a recognized hazard in coastal areas, although Japan's strategic position prevents most tsunamis from ever reaching Korea. Esa tayfunlar do not occur as often as in Yaponiya, Tayvan or the Philippines, they are nevertheless an almost yearly occurrence, and are occasionally known to be deadly and cause major property damage.

Gomoseksualizm

Although same-sex relationships are not recognized by the government, there are no laws against homosexuality in South Korea. Gay clubs and bars exist in the larger cities, though openly displaying your sexual orientation in public is still likely to be met with disapproval. South Korea has a large number of Evangelical Christians who generally strongly disapprove of homosexuality. Nevertheless, verbal and physical attacks against gay people are rare.

Conversely, platonic displays of physical affection between same-sex friends are very common, particularly when alcohol has been consumed, and holding hands with a same-sex romantic partner may be viewed in this light.

Conflict with North Korea

An understandable concern about traveling to South Korea is the possibility of war. However, while war has remained a distinct possibility ever since the end of the Korean war over 60 years ago, the North Koreans appear to have become very skilled at saber-rattling and limited provocations that are never allowed to escalate into out-and-out warfare. This is not to say that miscalculations could not spiral out of control, but simply that the odd missile launch or loudly publicized border closure does not mean war is nigh.

If a full scale war did break out between the North and South, it would almost certainly result in many casualties, military and civilian alike. If this were to happen when you are visiting Seoul, it would definitely be life-threatening. There was a great deal of brinkmanship following the appointment of Kim Jong-un as North Korea's leader, and open conflict seemed to become more likely. However, no big conflagration has broken out, and it is safe to say that the possibility of all-out war is very low, though it would be reasonable to weigh the risks when planning to visit South Korea.

There isn't really much you can do to mitigate the risk of military action. Find out the contact details of your embassy, and be aware of the current situation when traveling. Most embassies will have an evacuation strategy for their nationals in the case of war. Also be aware that Seul's Incheon International Airport is relatively close to the North Korean border, so therefore it may not be advisable to run there looking for a flight out.

Favqulodda vaziyat raqamlari

• Police: 112
• Fire and ambulance services: 119

Emergency-service English interpreters are available 24 hours a day.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Fan Death An urban legend that is very prevalent in (and particular to) South Korea is the danger of fan death—that is, death occurring while sleeping in a room with an operating electric fan. Many Koreans accept it as fact without being able to provide a plausible explanation, though several theories have been floated (i.e. a vortex sucking the air out of your body is one of the more surprising ones). It may surprise you a great deal how seriously this is taken, with simple fans having elaborate safety settings. The correct explanation for this condition is straightforward hyperthermia (the body overheating), which sets in if the temperature and humidity are high, the sleeper is dehydrated, and a fan close by keeps evaporating the body's sweat. Eventually the body runs out of water due to sweat loss and becomes overheated. The risk is no greater in Korea than anywhere else with similar climate.

South Korean healthcare is known for its excellence in both research and clinical medicine, and most towns will be able to offer a high quality of healthcare. The sheer number of hospitals and specialized clinics in the country will also offer you a greater amount of choice. Healthcare is subsidized by the government and is relatively cheap compared to most western countries. Expatriate workers who have the required medical insurance card will experience further discounts. South Korea also promotes medical tourism where quality operations can be had for a fraction of the price of many other developed countries.

South Korea is especially known for having a thriving plastic surgery industry, and the vast majority of South Korean celebrities have undergone cosmetic surgery to one degree or another. It is also common for parents who can afford it to pay for their daughters to go under the knife to achieve the "perfect look". The downside is that seeing the top plastic surgeons is usually very expensive.

Most South Korean doctors can communicate well in English, being the most highly educated in the country. (Indeed, many have achieved their medical qualifications in the United States.) However, you may find them a little difficult to understand due to their Korean accent, so do ask them to slow down and go through things with you clearly. On the other hand, nurses will very rarely speak much, if any, English.

Traditional Chinese medicine, along with traditional Korean medicine (한의학 hanuihak or 향약 hyangyak), is highly regarded in South Korea and involves many traditional methods including acupuncture, heating and herbal medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has deep roots and practitioners must undergo strict government certification in order to practice. Typically Koreans use Oriental medicine for chronic ailments such as back pain and Western medicine for sudden injuries. Due to the holistic nature of Oriental medicine (i.e. treating the whole body rather than a specific ailment) it is very hard to measure its effectiveness, but nevertheless it is a widely trusted part of the Korean medical system. Western medicine, however, does not generally recognize the effectiveness of the procedures in Oriental medicine.

Dorixonalar are available everywhere, and are indicated by one very large word 약 (yak). As hospitals in South Korea are not allowed to dispense take-home prescriptions there will almost always be a separate pharmacy available there.

Although there are no official vaccinations that are required or recommended for visitors, Hepatitis A is known throughout the country and attacks the liver after the host ingests contaminated food or water. Once infected, time is the only cure. The Center for Disease Control designates the prevalence of infection in South Korea to be intermediate. A vaccine is available for Hepatitis A, so you might want to consider getting vaccinated before you travel to be safe.

Tap water in South Korea is perfectly safe to drink, although you may want to follow the local habits of boiling and filtering if only to get rid of the chlorine smell. Bottled mineral water from Jeju Island is also very popular. Fresh mountain spring water is available directly in wells around the country (especially Buddhist monasteries), and although these are generally safe, the water has not been treated in any way and could be unsafe.

Spring water Koreans are especially fond of drinking mountain spring water when hiking through mountains or at monasteries, although this water is completely untreated. If you see plastic (or metal) ladles provided that are obviously in use, then the water is probably safe. Some places in Korea have communal wells set up that supply fresh water, and in theory the local government will test from time to time in order to certify the safety. The certification (or warning) will be in Korean, so you may not know if a particular water source is safe.

Engish

Media

South Korea has several English language media sources for daily news and other information, such as the Yonhap News Agency.

Daily newspapers in English include the Hankyoreh, The Korea Times, The Korea Herald va The Chosun Ilbo.

For television, there is an English-language channel called Arirang TV that is available throughout the world on some cable subscriptions. AFN Korea is available to U.S. military community or via cable.

Janubiy Koreyada TBS e-FM (101.3 FM) va AFN kanali (Seulda 1530 AM va 102.7 FM) kabi ba'zi ingliz tilidagi radiostantsiyalar mavjud.

Hurmat

Konventsiyalar va manzillarni nomlash Koreyscha nomlar Sharqiy Osiyo tartibiga amal qiladi familiya va undan keyin ism. Kimdir chaqirdi 홍길동 (Hong Gil Dong) familiyasiga ega Xong va berilgan ism Dil Dong. Koreyslar ko'pincha, lekin har doim ham o'zlarining Sharqiy Osiyo nomlarini ingliz tilida saqlamaydilar. Biroq, ko'plab koreyslar inglizcha taxallusga ega (bu shunchaki ularning berilgan koreyscha ismining bosh harflari bo'lishi mumkin); undan foydalanishda ular G'arb nomlari tartibidan foydalanadilar. Boshqa odamlarga murojaat qilishda koreyslar odatda boshqa odamdan foydalanadilar oila va berilgan ism -ssi (씨) ko'p holatlar uchun. Biror kishiga faqat uning ismi bilan murojaat qilish faqat boshlang'ich maktab yoshidagi yoki undan kichik yoshdagi bolalarga va juda yaqin do'stlariga murojaat qilinganda amalga oshiriladi. Koreyaliklar buni faqat kamsituvchi deb bilganliklari sababli, faqat familiyani ishlatish Koreyada amalga oshirilmaydi, chunki bu sizning ijtimoiy mavqeingiz pastroq odam bilan gaplashayotganingizni anglatadi. (Bu ham chalkash bo'lar edi, chunki barcha koreyslarning deyarli yarmi uchta eng keng tarqalgan familiyalardan biriga ega: Kim, Li yoki Park.) Ssi standart qo'shimchadir, ammo siz duch keladigan boshqalar: -nim (님) - Sizdan yuqoridagi odamlar, boshliqlardan tortib xudolarga, shuningdek mijozlar -a / -ya (아 / 야) - yaqin do'stlar va kichik oila a'zolari - qurol (군) - yosh bolalar -yang (양) - yosh qizlar Haddan tashqari rasmiy yoki tanish bo'lmaslik uchun to'liq ismingizni saqlang -ssi agar odam sizga boshqacha aytmasa. Biznes sharoitida, -ssi qo'shimchasi bilan ko'pincha ish joyi / unvoni bilan almashtiriladi -nim yuqori lavozimdagi odamlar uchun sizning lavozimingiz / unvoningiz orqasiga qo'shildi. Ko'pincha bu ism umuman olib tashlanadi, shuning uchun xodim shunchaki o'z kompaniyasining prezidentiga murojaat qilishi mumkin sajang-nim (사장님 "Hurmatli janob / xonim. Prezident"). Ingliz tilida faqat familiyani yoki familiyani va ularning ismining bosh harflarini ishlatsangiz yaxshi bo'ladi. Biroq, "Mr./Miss" dan ko'ra ularning ish unvonidan foydalanish (og'zaki bo'lsa ham) to'g'ri keladi. Bizning misolimiz Xong Oldingi Gil Dong Bosh menejer Xong, yoki Bosh menejer G.D. Xong yoki janob Xong deb nomlanishi mumkin, agar u unvoniga ega bo'lmagan past darajadagi xodim bo'lsa. Agar kimgadir qanday qo'ng'iroq qilishni bilmasangiz, tortinmasdan so'rang; hatto koreyslar ham bundan chalkashib ketishlari mumkin. Ular sizning ismingiz tartibini aralashtirib, sizni janob Jon yoki Prezident Meri deb atashlari mumkin. (Agar sizning berilgan ismi Kim, chalkashliklarni oldini olish uchun Kimberly / Kimball bilan borishni xohlashingiz mumkin. Agar siz Li bo'lsangiz, ehtimol siz boshqa ismdan foydalanishingiz kerak.)

Koreys xalqi Konfutsiyning qat'iy ierarxiyasi va odob-axloq qoidalaridan kelib chiqqan holda, o'zini tutib turadigan va odobli deb biladi. Mehmon sifatida sizdan har qanday nuansni bilishingiz kutilmaydi, lekin harakat qilish albatta qadrlanadi. Metropolitenlardan qanchalik uzoqlashsangiz, odamlar shunchalik konservativ. Shunga qaramay, Janubiy Koreyaliklarning aksariyati chet ellik sayyohlarni kutib olishmoqda va agar siz ularning madaniyatiga nisbatan hurmat-ehtirom ko'rsatayotgan bo'lsangiz, tashrifingiz yoqimli bo'lishi uchun qo'lidan kelganicha harakat qiladi. Amerikalik mehmonlar ayniqsa iliq kutib olishlarini kutishlari mumkin, chunki aksariyat janubiy koreyaliklar Amerika madaniyatiga qoyil qolishmoqda.

Ko'pincha koreyslar chet elliklarning barcha an'anaviy urf-odatlarini bilmasliklarini tushunishadi. Shunga qaramay, ushbu qoidalarga rioya qilish ularga ta'sir qiladi:

• Koreyslar kamon uchrashganlarida o'zlarining hurmatlarini ko'rsatish uchun bir-birlariga. Ular qo'l berib ko'rishishlari ham mumkin. (Qo'lingizni silkitganda, ayniqsa yoshi kattaroq odam bilan, o'ng qo'lingizni chap qo'lingiz bilan qo'llab-quvvatlang.) Ammo, siz yaxshi biladigan odamlar bilan boshingizni tez silkiting va oddiygina "Annyeonghaseyo"(안녕하세요," Salom ") etarli bo'lishi kerak.
• Bu juda muhimdir poyabzalingizni echib oling Koreyaning ko'plab joylariga kirishda. Birovning uyida har doim poyabzalingizni echishingiz kutiladi. Bundan tashqari, ko'plab yaxshi restoranlarda (ayniqsa, oilaviy boshqariladigan), kichik kasalxonalarda, tibbiy klinikalarda va stomatologlarda talab qilinadi. Poyafzalingizni kirish eshigi yonida qoldiring; yopiq terlik bilan ta'minlanishi mumkin.
• Birinchi marta uchrashganda, yoshi kattaroq koreyslar sizning yoshingiz, ota-onangizning ish joyi, ishingiz va bilim darajangiz haqida so'rashga moyil. Agar siz savollarga o'zingizni noqulay his qilsangiz, qisqa javoblar bering va iloji bo'lsa mavzuni ehtiyotkorlik bilan o'zgartirishga harakat qiling.
• Keksalarga hurmat koreys madaniyatida juda muhim va keksa yoshdagi odamning so'zlariga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qarshi chiqish qo'pol deb hisoblanadi. Avtobus va poezdlarda siz o'zingizning joyingizni qariyalarga berishingiz kutiladi va agar siz keksa, nogiron yoki ko'rinadigan darajada homilador bo'lmasangiz ham, avtobus yoki poezd to'la bo'lmasa ham, birinchi o'rindiqlarda o'tirish qo'pollik deb hisoblanadi.
• O'zingizning jinoiy tarixingiz haqida, hatto siz bilan aloqador bo'lgan odam haqida hech qachon muhokama qilmang yoki hazillashmang. Hatto sizning mamlakatingizda jinoyat juda yengil deb topilgan bo'lsa ham, koreyslar sizga salbiy munosabatda bo'lishadi.
• Qachon biron narsani ko'tarish yoki biror narsani olish yoshi ulug 'odamdan har doim ikki qo'lni ishlating. Agar siz bitta qo'lni ishlatishingiz kerak bo'lsa, shunchaki o'ng qo'lingizni chap qo'lingiz bilan qo'llab-quvvatlashingiz mumkin.
  • Tashrifnomalar (명함 myeongham) xususan juda hurmat va rasmiy munosabatda bo'lishadi. Birovning tashrif qog'oziga qanday munosabatda bo'lishingiz, u bilan qanday munosabatda bo'lishingizni anglatadi. Sizga kerak bo'lganidan ko'proq narsani olib qo'yganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, chunki taqdimot uchun tashrif qog'ozi yo'qligi bu juda noto'g'ri narsa. Yaxshi odob-axloq qoidalari juda ko'p, ammo ba'zi bir asoslar:

Tashrifnomani taqdim qilayotganda uni uni bergan odam o'qiydigan qilib yo'naltiring va uni taqdim etish yoki olish uchun ikkala qo'lingizdan foydalaning. Yoshlar o'zlarining kartalarini birinchi navbatda qariyalarga berishadi; teng darajadagi odamlar bir vaqtning o'zida sizning qo'lingizni berish uchun sizning o'ng qo'lingiz bilan va chap qo'lingizni olish uchun almashishingiz mumkin. Kartani o'qish uchun vaqt ajrating va ularning ismini va ish joyini tasdiqlang. (Koreys vizitkalari ko'pincha ikki tilli, ba'zan esa kartaning qarama-qarshi tomonlarida joylashgan.) Agar kerak bo'lsa, kartaning orqa tomoniga yozuvlar yozish uchun ruxsat so'rashingiz mumkin. Kartani buklash yoki orqa cho'ntagingizga qo'yish (unga o'tirgan joyingizda!) Bu hurmatsizlikdir. Buning o'rniga, kimning kimligini eslab qolish uchun stolga (yoshi bo'yicha) kartalarni qo'yish kerak. Ketish vaqti kelganida, siz kartalarni toza holda saqlash uchun ularni chiroyli holda to'plashingiz mumkin; agar sizda yo'q bo'lsa, ularni cho'ntakka urishdan oldin ularni ko'zdan g'oyib bo'lguncha ushlab turing.

• Umuman Janubiy Koreyaliklar juda kuchli millatchilik qarashlariga ega va o'z mamlakatlariga nisbatan har qanday tanqidlarga turli darajadagi dushmanlik bilan qarashadi. Uy egalarining yomon kitoblariga tushib qolmaslik uchun, mamlakatni maqtash yoki hech bo'lmaganda bu haqda salbiy narsalarni keltirib chiqarmaslik tavsiya etiladi.
  • Koreys madaniyati bilan qo'shni Xitoy va Yaponiya madaniyati o'rtasidagi o'xshashliklarni sezsangiz ham, koreyslar o'zlarining noyob madaniyati bilan qattiq faxrlanishini va milliy taqqoslashlarni haddan tashqari oshirib yubormasligingizni unutmang.
• Shimoliy Koreyani maqtashga urinmang har qanday tarzda, hatto hazilda ham. Boshqa tomondan, tanqidiy munosabatda bo'lishdan ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki ular hali ham koreyslar deb qaraladi, siz esa chet elliksiz.
• Janubiy Koreyadagi uy xo'jaliklari ko'pincha qat'iy qoidalarga ega qayta ishlashMasalan: bitta axlat qutisi faqat qog'oz uchun, ikkinchisi oshxonada oziq-ovqat / ichimlik idishlari uchun bo'lishi mumkin. Koreyaning har bir tumanida o'ziga xos noyob qayta ishlash sxemasi mavjud. Chiqindilarni qoplari supermarketdan sotib olinishi va mahalliy tuman uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lishi kerak.
• Koreyslar bilan ovqatlanayotganda hech qachon o'zingizning ichimliklaringizni to'kib tashlamang, lekin boshqalarga quyish uchun doimo tashabbus ko'rsating. Koreyslar bilan ovqatlanayotganda, eng keksa yoki katta yoshdagi har doim birinchi bo'lib ovqatlanishi kerak.
• Odamlar restoranlarda baland ovoz bilan gaplashayotganini eshitish odatiy holdir, bu xursand bo'lish va ovqatdan zavqlanish belgisi sifatida. Ammo har doim esda tutingki, keksa odamlar oldida, ayniqsa stolda muloyim harakat qiling. Koreyslar keksa odamlarning oldida baland ovoz bilan gapirishni qo'pollik deb bilishadi.
• Xitoylik va yaponiyalik qo'shnilar singari, koreyslar ham "yuzni tejashga" katta ahamiyat berishadi. Agar siz katta yoshdagi lavozimda bo'lmasangiz, sizga katta xijolat bo'lmaslik uchun boshqalarning xatosini ko'rsatmaslikni maslahat beramiz.

Milliy muammolar

Chet el davlatlari tomonidan Koreyaga istalmagan aralashuvning uzoq tarixini hisobga olgan holda, koreyslar tushunarli darajada sezgir siyosiy munozaralar. Siz quyidagi mavzularni muhokama qilishdan qochishingiz kerak, chunki ular hech qachon hech narsaga erishmaydi, faqat sizni kimningdir yomon tomoniga jalb qilishdan boshqa narsa bo'lmaydi.

• Yaponiya1945 yilgacha Koreyani qo'shib olish va shafqatsiz mustamlaka qilish
• Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida Yaponiyaning "tasalli ayollari" ning jinsiy qulligi sababli Yaponiyaning etarli darajada tan olinmaganligi va uzr so'raganligi
• Yaponiyaning Janubiy Koreyaning oroliga nisbatan hududiy da'volari Dokdo
• Koreya urushi va unga aloqador hamma narsa Shimoliy Koreya
• Janubiy Koreyada joylashgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari harbiy xizmatining ayrim a'zolarining yomon xatti-harakatlari
• Janubiy Koreya harbiylarining Qo'shma Shtatlar armiyasiga nisbatan har qanday hurmati
• Janubiy Koreya sportchilari ishtirok etadigan har qanday xalqaro sport bahslari
• Janubiy Koreyaning sharqidagi dengizni "Yaponiya dengizi" deb atamang (garchi bu xalqaro miqyosda eng taniqli ism bo'lsa ham). Har doim unga "Sharqiy dengiz" deb murojaat qiling (동해 Donghae).
• MV Sewol parom halokati 2014 yil. Ushbu voqea mamlakatni chuqur xafa qildi va keyingi oylarda ko'plab ko'ngilochar dasturlar bekor qilindi, desak mubolag'a bo'lmaydi. Bu erda juda ko'p introspection mavjud, garchi chet ellik sifatida sizning hissangiz qadrlanmasa ham. Birdamlik sariq lentalar bilan namoyish etiladi, shuning uchun ularni ko'rganingizda ko'plab lentalar haqida hazil qilmasligingizga ishonch hosil qiling.

Agar sizning mezbonlaringiz bunday mavzularni ko'tarishsa, eng yaxshisi betaraf bo'lib, har qanday bahs-munozaralardan saqlaning. Koreyada shaytonning himoyachisini o'ynash haqiqatan ham qadrlanmaydi.

Din

Vaqt o'tishi bilan Janubiy Koreyada din juda o'zgarib ketdi, bugungi asrning asosiy buddizm va xristian dinlari ham o'tgan asrlarda zulmga uchragan. Bugungi kunda koreyslarning deyarli yarmi o'zlarining diniy qarashlariga ega emasliklarini bildirmoqdalar. Turli xil guruhlar o'rtasida deyarli hech qanday ziddiyatlar mavjud emas, chunki din odatda shaxsiy tanlov sifatida qabul qilinadi.

Buddizm tarixiy jihatdan Koreyadagi asosiy din edi (ko'pincha Xitoy Konfutsiyligi foydasiga bostirilgan bo'lsa ham) va buddist ibodatxonalari butun mamlakat bo'ylab asosiy sayyohlik maskanlaridir. Xuddi shunday Hindiston, Xitoyva boshqa mamlakatlarda diniy binolarda namoyish etiladigan omadni ifodalovchi buddaviy svastikalar mavjud. Ularning aslida fashistlar Germaniyasida ishlatilganiga teskari yo'naltirilganligini sezasiz va ular hech qanday tarzda antisemitizmni anglatmaydi. Budda ibodatxonalariga tashrif buyurayotganda siz juda ko'p shovqin qilmaslik, ovqat eyish yoki ichmaslik bilan hurmat ko'rsatishingiz kerak.

Janubiy Koreyaning ulushi yuqori Nasroniylar (Aholining 18% protestant, 11% Rim-katolik) va o'nlab cherkovlarni mutlaqo har bir yirik shaharda uchratish mumkin. Janubiy Koreyadagi protestantlar kuchli konservativ va ko'pincha evangelist bo'lib, ko'p sonli missionerlarni chet elga yuborishadi (bu borada AQSh bilan raqobatlashadi). Katoliklar ko'pincha buddizm, konfutsiylik va koreys shamanizmi unsurlarini o'zlarining e'tiqodlariga qo'shadilar. Shuningdek, Janubiy Koreyada nasroniylik asosidagi son-sanoqsiz dinlar (masalan, Birlashish cherkovi) vatani bo'lib, ular boshqalar tomonidan bahsli yoki bid'at deb hisoblanishi mumkin. Chet elliklar ham, tanishlar ham sizni o'z cherkoviga kelishingizni so'rashlari odatiy holdir, ammo agar siz rad etsangiz, jinoyat sodir etilmaydi.

Koreys shamanizmiMuism nomi bilan ham tanilgan, qadimgi zamonlardan beri koreys xalqining mahalliy dini. Bugungi kunda Janubiy Koreyaliklarning 1 foizdan kamrog'i uni ta'qib qilsa-da, uning amaliyoti va e'tiqodlari ko'pchilik tomonidan ma'lum va ma'lum darajada hali ham amal qilmoqda, chunki bu ham xristianlik, ham buddistlik marosimlariga kiritilgan.

Konfutsiylik Koreyaning tarixi davomida ko'pincha davlat dini sifatida targ'ib qilingan va bugungi kunda tarafdorlari kam bo'lsa-da, aksariyat koreyslar uning ta'limoti va amaliyoti bilan tanishishadi va hattoki bugungi kunda ham davlat amaldorlari Konfutsiy imtihonlarida qatnashishlari shart.

Chekish

Esa chekish Koreyada Yaponiya yoki Xitoy singari unchalik mashhur emas, ko'plab koreyalik erkaklar va koreys ayollari tobora ko'payib bormoqda va bu Evropa va Amerikaning aksariyat qismlariga nisbatan ancha arzon. Yigirma paketi 5000 ₩ atrofida turadi va sigaretlarni barcha do'konlardan sotib olish mumkin. Koreyslar yumshoq sigaretalarni yaxshi ko'rishadi (6 mg smola atrofida), shuning uchun Koreyada ishlab chiqarilgan sigaretalar Amerika va Evropadagiga qaraganda yumshoq va lazzatsiz ta'mga ega bo'lishi mumkin, hattoki Koreyada ishlab chiqarilgan G'arb sigaretalari ham asl nusxalaridan ancha engilroq (masalan, to'liq quvvatli Marlboro Reds). Koreyada AQShda Marlboro Lights singari atigi 8 mg smola bor). Agar siz kuchliroq sigaretalarni afzal ko'rsangiz, o'zingiz bilan bojsiz sigaretalarni olib kelganingiz ma'qul.

Jamoat binolarida, jamoat transportida va restoranlarda chekish taqiqlanadi. Taqiqlanganiga qaramay, turli xil korxonalar jimgina chekishga yo'l qo'yishadi, garchi ular hech qachon qonuniy ta'siridan qo'rqib, siz chekishingiz mumkin, deb aniq aytishmaydi. Jamoat joylarida chekish ham taqiqlangan, ammo bu asosan qo'llanilmagan va chekish joylari kam.

Sigaret chekadigan ayollar ba'zi koreyslarga salbiy taassurot qoldirishi mumkin, chunki Koreyada chekish ayollik deb hisoblanmaydi.

Ulanmoq

Telefon orqali

Janubiy Koreyaga qo'ng'iroqlar uchun mamlakat kodi 82. Janubiy Koreyadagi xalqaro terish prefikslari operatorga qarab farq qiladi.

Mobil telefonlar

Janubiy Koreya so'nggi 2G tarmog'ini 2021 yilda yopishni rejalashtirmoqda, shuning uchun 2G (GSM yoki CDMA) mobil telefonlari ishlamaydi. Ammo, agar sizda 3G SIM-karta bilan ishlaydigan 3G telefoningiz bo'lsa, ehtimol siz roumingda yurishingiz mumkin UMTS / W-CDMA 2100 KT yoki SK Telecom tarmoqlari; ishonch hosil qilish uchun ketishdan oldin uy operatoringiz bilan maslahatlashing. 4G LTE Koreyada sotuvga chiqarildi; yana provayderingiz bilan maslahatlashing.

Mamlakatda uchta xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayder mavjud: KT, SK Telecom va LG U . Ular oldindan to'lanadigan mobil telefon xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi ("oldindan to'lanadigan xizmat" yoki "PPS"). Kiruvchi qo'ng'iroqlar bepul. Telefonlar va oldindan to'lanadigan xizmatlarni har qanday ko'chada joylashgan (koreyslar uchun) har qanday chakana savdo do'konidan olish mumkin. Ikkinchi qo'l telefonlar, shuningdek, tanlangan do'konlarda mavjud Seul.

Ba'zi chekka tog'li hududlar bundan mustasno, mobil telefonlarning qamrovi umuman olganda juda yaxshi. SK Telecom eng yaxshi qamrovga ega, undan keyin olleh (KT) va LG U.

Koreyada istiqomat qilmaydigan chet ellik sifatida siz quyidagilarni tanlaysiz:

• Olleh expat do'konidan oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani sotib oling (Janubiy Koreyaga kelganidan keyin 3 kun o'tgach)
• Aeroportdan telefon ijaraga oling (qimmat - qisqa tashrif buyurish uchun eng yaxshisi)
• Uy provayderingiz mavjud bo'lsa, telefoningizda roumingdan foydalanish
• Telefonni koreys fuqarosidan qarzga oling
• Koreyalik rezident boshqa SIM-kartani sotib olsin va sizga qarz bering
• Foydalanish Internet-telefoniya (masalan, Skype) mavjud bo'lgan ko'plab Wi-Fi nuqtalari orqali

Agar siz oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani sotib olishni xohlasangiz, olleh ekspatatlaridan birida oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani olishingiz kerak. Biroq siz Koreyada kamida 3 kun bo'lgan bo'lishingiz kerak va pasportingizni olib kelishingiz kerak. Oldindan to'langan SIM-karta uchun to'lov ₩ 5,500 ni tashkil qiladi va shu joyning o'zida kamida ₩ 10 000 to'lovni amalga oshirishingiz kerak. Sizda mos telefon bo'lishi kerak. Barcha zamonaviy iPhone (3GS va undan keyingi versiyalar) ishlashi kerak. Barcha savollar uchun Twitter-dagi @olleh_expats da olleh expat bilan bog'laning.

Barcha operatorlar uyali telefonlarni ijaraga berish xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi va ba'zi telefonlar GSM SIM-roumingni ham qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Ularning Incheon, Seul-Gimpo va Busan-Gimhae aeroportlarida savdo shoxobchalari mavjud. Jeju aeroportida KT SHOW va SK Telecom uchun xizmat ko'rsatish markazlarini topishingiz mumkin. Agar oldindan buyurtma bersangiz, to'lovlar kuniga ₩ 2000 dan boshlanadi visitkorea veb-sayti chegirma va kafolatlangan mavjudligi uchun.

4G WiBro qurilmasini kuniga 5000-10000 gacha cheksiz ijaraga olishingiz mumkin, garchi qamrab olish har doim ham katta shaharlardan tashqarida va yopiq joylarda mavjud emas.

1330 Korea Travel Phone xizmati - bu Koreya turizm tashkiloti tomonidan taqdim etiladigan juda foydali xizmat. Bu 24 soatlik xizmat bo'lib, to'rt xil tilda (koreys, ingliz, yapon va xitoy) taqdim etiladi. Operator avtobuslar jadvallari, turar joy, muzey soatlari va boshqalar bo'yicha savollarga javob beradi.

WhatsApp xalqaro xabar almashish ilovasi Janubiy Koreyada mashhur emas. Janubiy Koreyaliklarning aksariyati mahalliy dasturdan foydalanadilar KaKaoTalk o'rniga.

Internet orqali

Janubiy Koreya dunyodagi eng simli mamlakat va ma'lum bo'lgan Internet-kafelar Kompyuter portlash (PC 방), mamlakat bo'ylab hamma joyda mavjud. Aksariyat mijozlar o'yin o'ynash uchun bor, lekin siz o'tirib, elektron pochta xabarlarini yozishingiz mumkin. Oddiy to'lovlar soatiga ₩ 1000-2000 ga teng, ammo hashamatli joylar ko'proq pul to'lashi mumkin. Kompyuter portlashining aksariyati faqat naqd pulga ega. Atıştırmalıklar va ichimliklar ko'plab kompyuter portlashlarida sotib olinadi. Kompyuter portlashida chekish taqiqlangan, ammo aksariyat ko'rsatmalarga qaramay, ko'plab do'konlar chekishga rozi bo'lishadi (qonuniy sabablarga ko'ra).

Shuningdek, Janubiy Koreyada juda ko'p bepul Wi-Fi mavjud.

Janubiy Koreyadagi ko'pgina uy xo'jaliklari Wi-Fi-ga ulangan keng tarmoqli ulanishlar va ko'plari sukut bo'yicha shifrlangan.

ollehWiFi mavjud bo'lgan eng keng tarqalgan Wi-Fi ulanish nuqtalaridan biridir va to'lovni talab qiladi. Xizmat tez (30Mbps) va narxlar soatiga 100 1100 yoki kuniga ₩ 3300. Siz o'zingizning qurilmangizda xizmatni kredit karta orqali yoki ko'pgina do'konlarda naqd pul yoki karta orqali sotib olishingiz mumkin. ollehWiFi eng qulay do'konlarda, qahvaxonalarda, ba'zi mart, restoranlarda, shaharlararo avtobuslarda va Seul Metropolitan mintaqasidagi barcha metro va metro stantsiyalarida mavjud.

Starbucks Coffee tarmog'i Wi-Fi-ni ham taklif qiladi, ammo undan foydalanish uchun sizga Janubiy Koreyaning telefon raqami kerak bo'ladi. Boshqa ko'plab qahvaxonalarda bepul Wi-Fi mavjud, ular ro'yxatdan o'tishlari shart emas. ollehWiFi shuningdek, barcha Starbucks do'konlarida mavjud bo'lishi kerak.

Janubiy Koreyaning veb-saytlari tez-tez Windows va Microsoft Internet Explorer-ni, ayniqsa, onlayn to'lov bilan bog'liq veb-saytlarni talab qiladi. Osiyoning boshqa joylarida bo'lgani kabi, ko'plab xizmatlar asosan mobil telefonlar uchun mavjud bo'lib kelmoqda Kakao munozarasi eng mashhur bo'lish.

Pochta orqali

Korea Post tez, ishonchli va maqbul narxga ega. Dunyoning istalgan nuqtasida postkarta uchun pochta jurnali ₩ 660, xatlar va paketlar ₩ 480 dan boshlanadi. Agar siz an'anaviy an'anaviy markalarni xohlasangiz, albatta so'rang, aks holda siz bosilgan yorliqni olasiz. So'rov bo'yicha "sayyohlik" ning bekor qilinishi (Gvanvang Tongsin Ilbuin) markalaringiz uchun tanlangan pochta aloqasi bo'limlarida qo'shimcha to'lovisiz olish mumkin. Korea Post Visa va MasterCard-ni ₩ 1000 dan yuqori xaridlar uchun qabul qiladi.

Ko'pgina pochta aloqasi bo'limlari faqat M-F 09: 00-18: 00 gacha ishlaydi. Katta pochta bo'limlari shanba kuni ertalab ham ishlaydi va asosiy shaharlardagi markaziy idoralar kech ishlaydi va yakshanba kunlari ham ishlaydi.