Yaponiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat - Rail travel in Japan

Temir yo'lda sayohat yilda Yaponiya Yaponiyaning barcha 4 asosiy orollarini qamrab oluvchi 27000 km dan ortiq temir yo'l poezdlari bo'ylab keng tarmog'i bilan mamlakat bo'ylab sayohat qilishning eng samarali usulidir. Yaponiya temir yo'llari (JR) boshqa kichik xususiy va shahar operatorlaridan tashqari. Yaponiya tezyurar poyezdlar bilan kashshof bo'lgan o'q poezdi, yaponcha nomi bilan tanilgan Shinkansen, bu mamlakatning deyarli butun uzunligi bo'ylab soatiga 320 km gacha zips qiladi. Odatda stantsiyalar shahar markazida joylashgan bo'lib, poezdlar ikkinchisiga qadar o'z vaqtida kelishadi, poezdda sayohat qilish samolyotga qaraganda ancha tezroq bo'lishi mumkin. 2016 yilda poezdda 24,6 milliarddan ziyod yo'lovchining sayohat qilishi yaponlarga temir yo'l qatnovining muhimligini anglatishi ajablanarli emas.

Tushuning

Kinko stantsiyasiga etib kelgan Shinkansen o'q poezdi.

Yamanote liniyasi, Keyxin-Txoku liniyasi va Utsunomiya yo'nalishidan qatnaydigan poyezdlarni ko'rsatadigan Tokiodagi shahar poezdlari.

YaponiyaTemir yo'llar tezkor, yuqori samaradorlikka ega va mamlakatning aksariyat qismini qamrab oladi, bu ko'pchilik tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun transport vositasini tanlaydi. Yaponiya temir yo'l tizimining birinchi va eng chalkash tomoni (ayniqsa, shunga o'xshash yirik shaharlarda) Tokio) duch keladigan bir nechtasining ustma-ust tushishi xususiy temir yo'l tarmoqlari JR tarmog'i bilan. Belgilangan stantsiya bir nechta kompaniyalarni (JR va / yoki xususiy) qabul qilishi mumkin, yoki alohida kompaniyalar stantsiyalari boshqalarning yonida joylashgan bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, Tokioda chalkashliklarni qo'shish uchun ikkita alohida metro tizimi mavjud. Ushbu bitta haqiqatdan xabardor bo'lish temir yo'l xaritalarini tushunishga va o'z yo'lingizni topishga urinishdagi chalkashliklaringizni sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi.

Kechiktirilgan sertifikat namunasi

Yaponiya poezdlari, boshqa ommaviy transport turlari kabi, odatda mehmonlarni hayratda qoldiradi deyarli har doim o'z vaqtida jo'nab ketadi va tezda etib boradi, e'lon qilingan jadvaldan keyin ikkinchisiga. Agar siz kechiksangiz, albatta poezdni sog'inasiz! Agar sizga kechikish ta'sir qilsa, aslida murojaat qilishingiz mumkin kechiktirilgan sertifikat yoki stantsiyadan, yoki temir yo'l kompaniyasining veb-saytiga kirish orqali.

Aksariyat poezdlar 24 soat ishlamaydi; masalan, Tokioda ular erta tongda 01: 00-05: 00 soatlarda ishlamaydilar va Shinkansenlar hech qachon bir kechada ishlamaydilar. Agar siz kechikishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz va poezdga tayanib, uyingizga boradigan bo'lsangiz, oxirgi poezd qachon ketishini aniqlang. Ko'plab bar va klublar birinchi poyezd ertalab yana harakatlanmaguncha ishlaydi, shuning uchun buni yana bir variant sifatida yodda saqlang yoki 24 soat davomida ishlaydigan Internet-kafelarni yoping. Yagona holat, odatda, 31-dekabr kuni kechqurun bo'ladi, chunki ba'zi kompaniyalar Yangi yil ziyoratgohlariga tun bo'yi poezd xizmatlarini ko'rsatishadi.

Marshrutlarni qidirish

Yo'nalishni qidirish mexanizmlari, siz sayohatni rejalashtirishni boshlaganingizdan yoki mamlakatda bo'lganingizdan qat'iy nazar, ajoyib vosita. Transport jadvallari va tariflari bo'yicha saralash uchun, HyperDia bebaho sherigidir; u bog'lanish poezdlari, shuningdek avtobuslar va samolyotlarni o'z ichiga olgan daqiqali yo'nalishlarni hisoblab chiqadi. Jorudan shunga o'xshash xizmatdir, ammo muqobil yo'nalishlarni o'rganish imkoniyatlari kamroq. Google xaritalari metro va shahar poyezdlarini aylanib chiqish uchun juda yaxshi, ammo uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilish uchun uning qidiruv variantlari va u taqdim etadigan marshrutlar juda kam foydalidir. JR-EAST poezd haqida ma'lumot - bu poezd aloqasi ma'lumotlarini stantsiyadagi platforma raqamiga qadar ko'rsatadigan dastur. Ilovada faqat JR East yo'nalishlari xaritasi ko'rsatilgan, ammo u butun mamlakat bo'ylab poezd yo'nalishlari uchun ko'rsatma berishi mumkin.

Ularning qog'oz versiyasi Daijikokuhyō (大 時刻表), har bir temir yo'l stantsiyasida va aksariyat mehmonxonalarda ko'rish uchun mavjud bo'lgan telefon daftari kattaligi, ammo mazmuni butunlay yapon tilida bo'lganligi uchun foydalanish juda qiyin. Faqatgina cheklangan ekspres, shpal va o'q poezdlarini (Shinkansen) o'z ichiga olgan engil versiyasi mavjud Yaponiya milliy sayyohlik tashkilotichet elda joylashgan idoralar. Ingliz tili jadvallari veb-saytlarida mavjud JR Xokkaydo, JR East, JR Markaziy va JR Kyushu. Tokaido, San'yo va Kyushu Shinkansen uchun jadvallarni ingliz tilida ham ko'rish mumkin Tabiiy-o-ji.

HyperDia va Tabi-o-ji, Yaponiyaning temir yo'l dovoni orqali foydalanishingiz mumkin bo'lgan marshrutlarni topish uchun jadval bo'yicha qidiruvlarni taklif qilishadi (quyida ko'rib chiqing), shuningdek Jorudan pullik obuna bilan. Faqat belgini olib tashlang yoki chiqarib tashlash uchun variantni tanlang Nozomi va Mizuho poezdlar. (HyperDia tanlovi ham bundan mustasno Xayabusa 2011 yildan beri JR Pass-da yurishga ruxsat berilgan bo'lsa ham.) HyperDia shuningdek, Seishun 18 chipta narxiga mos narxlarni qidirishi mumkin (quyida ko'rib chiqing).

Smart kartalar

Yaponiyaga tashrif buyuradigan har bir kishi birinchi navbatda jamoat transportini olib ketishi kerak aqlli karta (ス マ ー ト カ ー ド.) sumato kado), shuningdek, IC karta (IC カ ー ド.) ai shī kādo) yoki jōsha kādo (乗車 カ ー ド, "taxta kartasi"). Smart-kartadan foydalanib, sizning sayohatingiz qanchalik murakkab va qancha vaqt o'tkazganingizdan qat'i nazar, tariflar avtomatik ravishda hisoblab chiqiladi; shunchaki teging va ikkala uchida ham o'chiring. Jamoat transportidan tashqari, barcha turdagi elektron to'lovlar uchun smart-kartalardan tobora ko'proq foydalanilmoqda, shuning uchun ularni avtomatlar, maishiy xizmat ko'rsatish do'konlari, tezyurar restoranlar va boshqalarda ishlatish mumkin.

Quyida keltirilgan o'nta asosiy narsalar to'liq almashtirilishi mumkin, demak siz istalgan yirik shaharda kartani olib, uni deyarli butun mamlakatda ishlatishingiz mumkin, asosiy istisnolar shu Shikoku va Okinava. Shimoldan janubgacha mintaqalar bo'yicha ular:

• Kitaka — Xokkaydo
• Suika — Tohoku va Kanto
• PASMO^{[o'lik havola]} — Tokio
• TOICA — Chubu
• manaka — Nagoya
• ICOCA — Kansay va Chugoku
• PiTaPa - Kansai - Sizning (yaponcha) bank hisob raqamingiz bilan bog'langan, keyinchalik ushbu karta chet eldan tashrif buyuruvchilarning ko'pchiligi uchun foydali emas
• SUGOCA — Kyushu
• Xayakaken (は や か け ん) - Fukuoka
• nimoka - Fukuoka

Ushbu kartalarni istalgan stantsiya chiptalari, shu jumladan aeroportlardagi kartalar va ko'plab avtomatlardan sotib olish va to'ldirish uchun 500 ¥ miqdoridagi asosiy depozitni qo'shishingiz mumkin. Depozit va qolgan har qanday qiymat Yaponiyadan ketganingizda qaytarilishi mumkin yoki kartani keyingi tashrifingiz uchun saqlab qo'yishingiz mumkin, chunki ular amal qilish muddati 10 yil.

Siz qila olmaydi sayohat qilish uchun o'zlarini aqlli kartalardan foydalaning ikki xil mintaqalar o'rtasida muntazam poezd xizmatlarida. Misol uchun, agar siz sayohatingizni boshlashingiz kerak bo'lsa Tokio va g'arbga qarab sayohat qiling Atami JR Tokaido Line-dan foydalanib, siz smart-kartadan foydalanishingiz mumkin, chunki ushbu stantsiyalar Sharqiy Yaponiya temir yo'li (JR East) chegarasida joylashgan. Ammo, agar siz Atami g'arbiy qismida davom etsangiz Shizuoka keyin siz boshqa kompaniya tomonidan boshqariladigan hududga kirasiz - bu holda Markaziy Yaponiya temir yo'li (JR Central) - va tizimdan chiqib ketmoqchi bo'lganingizda kartangiz qabul qilinmaydi. Ikki mintaqa bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun qog'ozli chipta kerak, lekin hatto smart-kartalarni ham chiptalarni sotish mashinalarida to'lov sifatida qabul qilish mumkin (qog'oz biletingizda harflar bor edi) TUSHUNARLI ustiga bosilgan).

2017 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab Tokaido va San'yo Shinkansen bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun qog'ozli chiptalar o'rniga smart-kartalar qabul qilindi. Bullet poezd chiptalarini onlayn ravishda kredit karta orqali sotib olish va smart-kartaga bog'lash mumkin, bu orqali chipta to'siqlariga kirish va chiqish uchun foydalanish mumkin. Xizmat ingliz va yapon tillarida mavjud.

Qisqa masofaga chipta sotib olish

Qisqa masofaga chiptalar Nagoyadagi bunday mashinalardan sotiladi

Ba'zi hollarda, siz hali ham qog'ozli poezd chiptalarini sotib olishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin, masalan, bir mintaqadan boshqasiga o'tishda yoki hali smart-kartalarni qabul qilmaydigan chekka hududlarda.

Yaponiyada poezd chiptalarining aksariyati masofaga qarab narxlanadi, shuning uchun chipta sotadigan mashinalar ustida xarita bo'ladi. Markaz yaqinida, hozirgi stantsiya odatda qizil bilan belgilanadi 当 駅 (tōeki). Uning atrofida boshqa barcha stantsiyalar mavjud bo'lib, siz ulardan pastroq narxda olishingiz mumkin. Yaqinroq stantsiyalar kichikroq raqamlarga ega (masalan, eng yaqin stantsiyalar taxminan 140 ¥ ni tashkil qiladi, uzoqroqlar esa 2000 ¥ ga ko'tariladi). Xuddi shu temir yo'l tizimida bo'lishingiz sharti bilan siz istalgan marshrutdan o'tishingiz va poezdlar o'rtasida bepul o'tishingiz mumkin.

Chipta sotib olish uchun chiptani mashinaga tangalar yoki naqd pul qo'ying. Shunday qilsangiz, ushbu miqdordagi pulga sotib olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan chiptalar uchun imkoniyatlar yonib turadi. Odatda sizga to'g'ri miqdordagi oddiy chipta kerak bo'ladi, ammo ba'zi sayohatlar uchun siz transfer narxini yoki boshqa maxsus variantni sotib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi.

Bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta tanga kiritishingiz uchun tanga uyasi katta. Bitta hiyla-nayrang - butun o'zgarish sumkangizni tashlab yuborish; har qanday o'zgarish qaytarib olinishi mumkin bo'lgan eng katta tangalarda bo'lishi mumkin va bu siz olib boradigan kichik o'zgarish miqdorini kamaytiradi (mashinalar o'tib ketadigan va to'lov sifatida qabul qilmaydigan jirkanch ¥ 1 yoki ¥ 5 tangalardan tashqari).

Chiptani narxlar darvozasiga joylashtiring va bir marta o'tgandan keyin uni olishni unutmang. Hali chiptani tashlamang; sayohatingiz oxirida tariflar eshigidan chiqayotganda uni yana kiritishingiz kerak.

Agar siz narxni aniqlay olmasangiz, minimal tarif chiptasini sotib oling va belgilangan manzilga etib borgach to'lang. Siz o'zingizning chiptangizni darvozada turgan xodimlarga taqdim etishingiz yoki "Tariflarni sozlash" mashinasida qoldiqni to'lashingiz mumkin. Chiqish narxi darvozasi oldida kichik chiptalarni sotadigan kioskni qidirib toping. Minimal tarif chiptasini joylashtiring va ekranda ko'rsatilgan qoldiqni to'lang.

Uchuvchisiz stansiyalarda

JR East uchuvchisiz stantsiyasi

Yirik shaharlar va chekka shaharlardan farqli o'laroq, qishloq joylarda juda ko'p uchuvchisiz stansiyalar chiptalar eshiklari yoki savdo avtomatlari bo'lmagan joyda. Bunday hollarda, ehtimol siz seiriken (整理 券) yoki raqamlangan chipta poezdga tushganingizda va tushishdan oldin haydovchi yoki konduktor bilan yo'l haqini belgilang. Poyezdning old qismida sayohat davom etganda ortib boradigan raqamlar va tariflar ko'rsatilgan displey taxtasi bo'ladi. Tushirganingizda, o'zingizni topshiring seiriken va raqamingiz yonida ko'rsatilgan miqdorni to'lang. Ushbu xizmatlarning aksariyat qismida siz poezdning orqa tomoniga o'tirasiz (入口 yoki "kirish" bilan belgilanadi) va poezdning old qismidan chiqasiz (出口 yoki "chiqish" bilan belgilanadi). Shuni ham unutmangki, aksariyat poezdlarda, avtobuslar kabi, faqat tangalarni qabul qiladigan yo'l haqini yig'ish mashinalari mavjud.

Agar u qo'llab-quvvatlansa, siz poezdda smart-kartadan foydalanishingiz mumkin. Samolyotga o'tirganingizda, chiqayotganingizda esa yana smart-kartangizga teging va yo'l haqi avtomatik ravishda ushlab qolinadi. Ba'zi stantsiyalarda kirish va chiqish o'quvchilari stantsiya platformasida joylashgan. Agar siz JR poyezdidan foydalansangiz va Yaponiyaning temir yo'l o'tish joyiga ega bo'lsangiz, chiqish paytida haydovchiga temir yo'l pasportingizni ko'rsating. Sizga qarzdor bo'lgan har qanday tarif farqi to'g'risida xabar beriladi.

Agar siz boshqariladigan stantsiyaga tushsangiz, o'zingizni topshiring seiriken va chiptalar eshigida odam boshqariladigan stantsiya agentiga sizning narxingiz. Aksincha, agar siz boshqariladigan stantsiyaga tushib, uchuvchisiz stantsiyadan chiqsangiz, tushishingizdan oldin chiptangizni haydovchiga topshiring.

Haydovchi va konduktorning roli birlashtirilgan poezdlar "bitta odam" poezdlari deb nomlanadi va ularning old qismida romaji belgilarida (ワ ン マ ン) belgi bo'ladi.

JR tarmog'i

Shinkansen (o'q poezdi) tarmog'i, shu jumladan rejalashtirilgan yoki qurilayotgan marshrutlar.

JR tarmog'i kengdir, chunki ilgari milliy temir yo'l tizimidan kutilganidek. JR Group Shinkansen yo'nalishlarini, shuningdek ko'plab mintaqaviy va shahar ommaviy tranzit liniyalarini boshqaradi. Qishloq joylarda guruh kompaniyalari temir yo'l qatnovi bo'lmagan joylarni ulash uchun avtobus qatnovlarini ham olib borishadi. Shu bilan birga, JR tarmog'i monopoliya emas, ayniqsa yirik konkuratsiya sharoitida boshqa xususiy temir yo'l tarmoqlari mavjud.

Qizig'i shundaki, odamlar ingliz tilidagi bosh harflar bilan yapon tilida JRga murojaat qilishadi, jē aru. Umid qilamanki, hattoki ingliz tilida so'zlashmaydiganlar ham so'rasangiz bekatni topishda yordam beradi.

Yaponiya temir yo'l dovoni

Ko'p sayohat qilishni rejalashtirgan mehmonlar uchun eng yaxshi variant bu Yaponiya temir yo'l dovoni, bu deyarli barcha JR poezdlarida, shu jumladan Shinkansenda cheksiz sayohat qilish va xususiy temir yo'llarning ma'lum segmentlarida (quyida istisnolarni ko'ring) 7, 14 yoki 21 kunlik muddat davomida sayohat qilish imkonini beradi.

Japan Rail Pass-ga ega bo'lish uchun siz Yaponiyaga sayyoh sifatida tashrif buyuradigan chet el fuqarosi bo'lishingiz kerak (bilan vaqtincha tashrif buyuruvchilarning muhri pasportingizda), yoki kamida o'n yil davomida Yaponiyadan tashqarida yashagan Yaponiya fuqarosi.

Siz Yaponiya temir yo'l yo'lakchasini sotib olishingiz mumkin oldin Yaponiyaga ketishingiz yoki keyin sizning kelishingiz. Kengaytirilgan xaridlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Yaponiya temir yo'llaridan (orqali YAPONIYa RAIL PASS rezervatsiyasi veb-sayt) yoki a vositasi orqali vaucher Yaponiyada dovonga almashtirilgan sayyohlik agentligi tomonidan sotiladi. Siz Yaponiyaga kelganingizdan so'ng kamida 2021 yil 31 martgacha Yaponiya temir yo'l chiptasini sotib olishingiz mumkin. Chet elda yashovchi yapon fuqarolari vaucher tizimi orqali temir yo'l pasportlarini olishlari shart. Chet elda yashovchi yapon fuqarolari birja buyurtmalarini kamida 2023 yil 31-dekabrgacha sotib olishlari mumkin.

JR orqali sotib olingan narxlar / kelgandan keyin sotib olinadi

Turistik agentlik (almashinuv kassasi) orqali jo'nashdan oldin sotib olingan narxlar

Yaponiyaning temir yo'l yo'lakchasini olish uchun siz katta JR stantsiyasida odam boshqaradigan chiptachiga borishingiz va pasportingizni ko'rsatishingiz kerak. Agar u oldindan sotib olingan bo'lsa, siz sotib olganingizni tasdiqlovchi hujjatni (agar pasport JR orqali sotib olingan bo'lsa) yoki almashinuv kassangizni (agar sayohat agentligi orqali sotib olingan bo'lsangiz) ko'rsatishingiz kerak. Agar vaucherni almashtirsangiz, siz chiptachiga temir yo'l yo'lagi boshlanishini istagan kun to'g'risida xabar berishingiz kerak. Ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan xodimlarga ega bo'lgan maxsus hisoblagichlar kabi yirik aeroportlarda mavjud Xaneda, Narita va Kansay. Shuningdek, Tokio, Shinjuku, Ueno, Nagoya va Sapporo kabi yirik JR stantsiyalarida temir yo'llarni olib ketish uchun hisoblagichlar mavjud.

Oldingi qog'oz versiyalaridan farqli o'laroq, Japan Rail Pass foydalanuvchiga xos bo'lgan bosib chiqarilgan QR kodi bilan haqiqiy magnit poezd chiptasi ko'rinishida keladi. Siz temir yo'l stantsiyasiga kirish va chiqish paytida chiptani avtomatik to'siqlardan o'tish uchun foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Temir yo'l pasporti tegishli JR poezdlarida, shu jumladan ko'pchiligida bepul joylarni bron qilishni o'z ichiga oladi shinkansen va cheklangan ekspress xizmatlar. Agar siz passni JR orqali oldindan sotib olgan bo'lsangiz, o'zingizning chiptangizni sotib olganingizdan so'ng, onlayn tarzda joylarni bron qilishingiz mumkin. Temir yo'l o'tish joyi olinganidan so'ng, zaxira qilingan chipta mashinasi yordamida zaxira o'rindiqlarini bron qilish yoki JR stantsiyasida to'plash mumkin. Siz temir yo'l pasportingizda bosilgan QR kodini skanerlash (yoki pasportga bosilgan identifikatsiya raqamini kiritish) va keyin pasport raqamingizni kiritish orqali mashinalarga kirishingiz mumkin. O'rindiqlarni bron qilish onlayn rejimida amalga oshirilgan bo'lsa ham, haqiqiy joylarni bron qilish uchun chiptalar chipta mashinasida va sizning qo'lingizda chop etilishi kerak poezdga chiqishdan oldin. E'tibor bering, avtomatlashtirilgan tizim bilan o'rindiqlarni bron qilish har bir alohida temir yo'l o'tish joyi bilan bog'lanadi va sizga bir-birining ustiga tushadigan xizmatlarni zaxiralashga ruxsat berilmaydi. Bu odatda muammo emas, lekin agar siz zaxiralangan poezdni sog'inib qolsangiz, darhol keyingi jo'nab ketishga buyurtma berolmaysiz. Bepul o'tirmaslik uchun chipta kerak emas; konduktor chiptalarni tekshirish paytida kelganida temir yo'l o'tish joyingizni ko'rsating.

Birja voucher tizimi hech bo'lmaganda 2023 yil oxirigacha amalda bo'lganligi sababli, JR-dan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri buyurtma berish o'rniga vaucherni sotib olish kerak bo'lishi mumkin, chunki narxlar pastroq bo'ladi. Boshqa tomondan, agar siz Yaponiyaga kelishdan oldin ma'lum bir poezd xizmatini bron qilishingiz kerak bo'lsa, passni oldindan sotib olishga arziydi. JR orqali sotib olingan chiptalar ichida boshlanishi kerak bir oy sotib olish paytida, vaucherlar ichida almashtirilishi mumkin uch oy sotib olish.

Temir yo'l o'tishida bir nechta istisnolar mavjud:

• Agar siz sayohat qilsangiz Tokaido, San'yo yoki Kyushu Shinkansen, Yaponiya temir yo'l dovoni emas tezroq sayohat qilishga ruxsat bering Nozomi yoki Mizuho xizmatlar - siz yo'l haqi va joy haqini to'liq to'lashingiz kerak. Hyperdia va Tabi-o-ji kabi qidiruv tizimlarida ushbu poezdlarni chiqarib tashlash imkoniyati mavjud, ammo Google Maps va boshqalarda bunday imkoniyat yo'q.
• Shinkansen tarmoqlarida ko'plab yangi poezdlar JR East "GranClass" nomi bilan tanilgan birinchi darajali premium kabinaga ega bo'ling. Cheklangan ekspress va GranClass qo'shimcha to'lovlarini to'lamaguningizcha (masalan, 27.220 ¥) Xayabusa agar Tokiodan Hakodate'ga boradigan bo'lsa).
• JRga tegishli bo'lmagan yo'llarda harakatlanadigan JR poezdlari uchun qo'shimcha to'lovlarni to'lashingiz kerak. Ba'zi misollarga quyidagilar kiradi:
  • The Tokio Osaki va Shin-Kiba o'rtasidagi dengiz bo'yidagi temir yo'l (TWR) Rinkai liniyasi, kirish uchun ishlatilgan Odaiba
  • Itodan Izukyu temir yo'li Shimoda ustida Izu yarimoroli
  • Fukuchiyamadan Toyookagacha bo'lgan Kioto Tango temir yo'li, u JR poezdlari tomonidan foydalaniladi. Kioto ga Amanohashidat
• Agar siz shaxsiy xonada qolsangiz - kechada poezdlarda va ozgina Shinkansen poezdlari orasida mavjud Osaka va Fukuoka - cheklangan ekspress va turar joy uchun to'lovlarni to'lashingiz kerak.

Bir nechta qo'shimchalar kiritilgan:

• JR Pass quyidagi temir yo'llarda to'xtash joylari bo'lmasligi sharti bilan xususiy temir yo'llarda izolyatsiya qilingan JR temir yo'l liniyalariga borishni va qaytarishni o'z ichiga oladi:
  • Orasida Xachinohe va Noheji, o'rtasida Aomori Noheji va Xachinohe va Aomori o'rtasida Aoimori temir yo'lida JR Ominato liniyasiga kirish uchun.
  • Orasida Kanazava JR Nanao liniyasiga kirish uchun IR Ishikawa temir yo'lida Tsubata.
  • Orasida Toyama JR Johana va Himi Line-ga kirish uchun Ainokaze Toyama temir yo'lidagi Takaoka va.
• JR Pass Tokio Monoraylidan sayohat, shu jumladan to'xtash joylarini o'z ichiga oladi Haneda aeroporti Tokiodagi Hamamatsuchoga.
• JR Pass JR Feribotiga sayohatlarni qamrab oladi Miyajima.

Mintaqaviy temir yo'l o'tishlari

Mintaqaviy JR kompaniyalari, shuningdek, mamlakatning faqat ayrim qismlarini qamrab oladigan o'zlarining passlarini sotadilar. Ular umuman kambag'al qiymat va ularni to'lash uchun juda ehtiyotkorlik bilan rejalashtirishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Shimoldan janubga:

• Xokkaydo: JR Xokkaydo temir yo'l yo'li
• Tohoku:
  • JR East Rail Pass - Tohoku hududi (shuningdek, Kanto va ba'zi xususiy temir yo'llarni qamrab oladi)
  • JR Sharqiy-Janubiy Xokkaydo temir yo'l dovoni (Tohoku dovoni qamrov zonasini va Xokkaydo Shinkansenni o'z ichiga oladi Hakodate va JR poezdlari Sapporo)
• Kantu: JR East Tokyo Wide Pass (shuningdek, ba'zi bir xususiy temir yo'llarni qamrab oladi)
• Chūbu:
  • JR East / JR West Hokuriku Arch Pass - Tokio va Kansay o'rtasida Xokuriku mintaqasi bo'ylab sayohat qilish, shuningdek, ayrim xususiy temir yo'l liniyalarini qoplash
  • JR East Rail Pass - Nagano / Niigata hududi (shuningdek, Kanto va ba'zi bir xususiy temir yo'llarni qamrab oladi)
• Chugoku: JR West bir nechta sotadi, shu jumladan:
  • Kansay-Xirosima dovoni
  • San'yo-Saninning mintaqaviy o'tish joyi
  • Kansai keng maydon dovoni
• Shikoku: Barcha Shikoku temir yo'l dovoni (shuningdek, xususiy temir yo'l liniyalari va tramvaylarni qamrab oladi), Shikoku Saihakken Kippu
• Kyushu: Barcha Kyushu hududi dovoni, Shimoliy Kyushu hududi dovoni (shimoliy hududlarni qamrab oladi Kumamoto va Oita)

Ko'pgina JR East va JR West temir yo'l chiptalarini Internet orqali oldindan 500-1000 ¥ gacha chegirma bilan sotib olish mumkin, boshqa yo'llanmalar esa mamlakat ichida bo'lganda sotib olinishi kerak.

Seishun 18 chipta

Asosiy maqola: Seishun 18 chipta

The Seishun 18 chipta (青春 18 き ぷ) Seishun jūhachi kippu) Yaponiyada sayohat qilish uchun eng iqtisodiy bitim bo'lib, besh kunlik taklifni taqdim etadi cheksiz poezd sayohati atigi 12,050 ¥ uchun. Yaxshisi, temir yo'l dovonidan farqli o'laroq, kunlar ketma-ket ketishi shart emas. Hatto chiptani (masalan) bir kishi ikki kun, boshqasi uch kun ishlatishi uchun ajratishingiz mumkin. Asosiy ushlashlar shu chiptalar faqat mahalliy poezdlarda amal qiladi va bu chiptalar faqat maktab ta'tilida amal qiladi (Mart-aprel, iyul-sentyabr, dekabr-yanvar), shuning uchun uni ishlatish uchun yaxshi vaqt va ko'p vaqt kerak.

Shaharlararo chiptani sotib olish

JR uchun chipta mashinalari at Matsumoto Stantsiya

A midori yo'q madoguchi Ivamizava stantsiyasida, Xokkaydo

Standart JR chiptalari odatda ikkita toifaga bo'linadi:

• Asosiy chipta yoki jōshaken (乗車 券): Ushbu chiptalar ikki stantsiya / hudud o'rtasida harakatlanadigan poezdlar uchun asosiy tariflarni o'z ichiga oladi. Uzoq sayohatlarda to'xtashga ruxsat beriladi, lekin siz chiptali yo'nalishda qolishingiz kerak va orqaga qaytishingiz mumkin emas. Chiptalar 100 km dan ortiq sayohatlar uchun 2 kun, 200 km dan yuqori sayohatlarda 3 kun, keyin har 200 km qo'shimcha uchun bir kun amal qiladi.
• Cheklangan tezkor chipta yoki tokkyūken (特急 券): Ismda bir nechta variantlar mavjud bo'lib, cheklangan tezkor chiptalar uzoq masofali poezdlarga, shu jumladan Shinkansenga sotib olinadi. Odatda, himoyalanmagan (自由 自由 jiyūseki) chiptalar zaxiralangan (seats erved) har qanday xizmatda saqlanmagan o'rindiqlar uchun amal qiladi shiteiseki) chiptalar ma'lum bir poezd uchun amal qiladi.

Katta stantsiyalarda siz o'zingizning chiptangizni odamdan sotib olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan aniq sayohat bo'limi mavjud; ozini qidiring yashil belgi aravachada o'tirgan yoki so'ragan figurani midori yo'q madoguchi (み ど り の 窓 口, yoritilgan. "Yashil oyna"). Ehtimol, siz poezd vaqtlarini bilishingiz kerak va o'rindiqni zaxiralashni xohlashingiz mumkin, bu yaxshi narsa. Umuman olganda, agar siz xodimlar ingliz tilida gaplasha olmasalar, siz istaklaringizni qo'l silkitib, yo'nalishlarni ko'rsatib ma'lum qilishingiz mumkin. Ma'lumotni yozish yordam beradi, chunki aksariyat yapon tilida ingliz tilini o'qishdan ko'ra uni tinglash osonroq bo'ladi.

Qo'shimcha haq va o'tirish uchun bron talab qiladigan tezyurar poezdlar uchun siz odatda xodimlar oynasini topa olasiz. Biroq, ba'zi poezdlarda buning uchun o'ziga xos mashinalar mavjud. Birinchidan, boradigan joyingizga oddiy poezd chiptasini sotib oling. Sensorli ekranli mashinalarda odatda tezkor xizmatlar uchun tugma bo'ladi. Sayohat qilmoqchi bo'lgan xizmat nomini, boradigan joyingizni, jo'nab ketish vaqtini va yashash joyidagi afzalliklarni tanlang va qo'shimcha to'lov miqdorini kiriting. Sizga jo'nash vaqti va yashash joyingiz raqamini ko'rsatadigan zaxira kartasi beriladi. Siz kerak shuningdek, chipta eshiklaridan o'tish uchun sayohat chiptasi, pass kartasi yoki smartkartaga ega bo'ling: qo'shimcha to'lov sayohat uchun yaroqsiz.

Umumiy foydalanish uchun avtomatik chiptalarni sotish mashinalari keng tarqalmoqda. Ushbu mashinalar ingliz tilini namoyish qilish uchun tayyorlanishi mumkin va uzoq masofali chipta chiptalari va zahiralangan va band qilinmagan o'rindiqlar uchun cheklangan ekspress chiptalarni chiqarishi mumkin. Ular odatda chiptalarni sotadigan oynalar atrofida joylashgan. Chiptalar chiptalarini sotib olayotganda, ko'rsatilgan marshrutni e'tiborga oling, chunki siz chipta yo'nalishi bo'yicha sayohat qilishingiz kerak (ushbu marshrut tashqarisida to'xtash taqiqlanadi).

Mahalliy poezdlar uchun faqat o'zingiznikidan foydalaning aqlli karta. Agar yo'l haqi kartada qoldirganingizdan oshib ketsa, siz farqni chipta kassasida yoki belgilangan stantsiyadagi tariflarni sozlash mashinasida to'lashingiz mumkin. Ammo, agar sizning sayohatingiz turli operatorlarning chegaralarini kesib o'tgan bo'lsa, unda sizning smart-kartangiz qabul qilinmasligi ehtimoli mavjud. Bundan tashqari, ba'zi stantsiyalarda smart-kartani o'quvchi mavjud emas. Bunday cheklovlarning tafsilotlari, odatda, turli xil temir yo'l kompaniyalari chegaralari yoki karta emitentlarining veb-saytlarida joylashgan. Uzoq masofaga sayohat qilishda har doim chipta mashinasida yoki chiptaxonada chipta sotib olish tavsiya etiladi. Qolaversa, buni amalga oshirish sizga yo'l chiptasini so'nggi manzilingizga qadar sotib olishga imkon beradi, shu bilan birga to'xtash joylarini yaratadi, bu esa bir kilometr uchun yo'l haqi arzonroq bo'lganligi sababli ko'p pulni tejashga imkon beradi.

Agar siz tasodifan smart-kartadan foydalansangiz, tarifni belgilangan manzilga o'rnatasiz va stantsiya xodimlari yoki konduktor sizga kartangizni qulfini ochish uchun yaqin atrofdagi stantsiyaga yoki kelib chiqish stantsiyasiga olib borishingizni tasdiqlaydigan biron bir dalil yozadilar. .

Smart kartalar chegaralarining namunalarini Tokio va Kansay o'rtasidagi Tōkaid magistral liniyasida topish mumkin (emas shinkansen): O'rtasida Atami (JR East) va Kannami (JR Central) va Samegai (JR Central) va Maybara (JR West).

Poezd turlari

Yapon va ingliz tillarida namoyish etilgan Shinkansen poezdlari uchun e'lon taxtasi.

N700 seriyali Shinkansen

JR mashhur kashshof o'q poezdi, uning yaponcha nomi bilan atalgan Shinkansen (新 幹線). Tezligi 320 km / soatgacha (yaqin kelajakda 360 km / soat), ushbu xizmatlar "superexpress" (超 特急) chō-tokkyū) va mamlakat bo'ylab sayohat qilishning eng tezkor usuli bo'lib qolmoqda. Shinkansenga e'tibor bering bir kechada ishlamaydi. Shinkansen, shuningdek, havas qiladigan havfsizlik ko'rsatkichlari bilan tanilgan, 1964 yilda ish boshlaganidan beri yo'lovchilar halok bo'lishiga olib kelgan bironta ham avariya yo'q.

Tokaido / San'yo / Kyushu Shinkansen

Mamlakatdagi eng muhim, eng ko'p sayohat qilingan Shinkansen yo'nalishi bu Tokaido Shinkansen, qaysi ulanadi Tokio bilan Nagoya, Kioto va Osaka. Ushbu yo'nalish Osakadan to to davom etadi Okayama, Xirosima va Fukuoka (Hakata stantsiyasi) sifatida San'yo Shinkansen, keyin to Kumamoto va Kagosima sifatida Kyushu Shinkansen.

Tokaido, San'yo va Kyushu Shinkansen yo'nalishlarida jami oltita turli xil xizmat turlari mavjud. Bularning barchasi uch turga birlashtirilishi mumkin, bu to'xtashlar sonini aks ettiradi:

• Nozomi (の ぞ み), Mizuho (み ず ほ)

Ushbu ikkita xizmat eng tezkor bo'lib, faqat yirik shaharlarda to'xtaydi. Shinkansen narxining yuqori qismida kichik qo'shimcha to'lov talab qilinadi va o'rindiqlarni bron qilish poezdda uchta vagondan tashqari hamma uchun majburiydir. Sayyohlar uchun eng muhimi, Yaponiya temir yo'l dovoni emas amal qiladi Nozomi yoki Mizuho poezdlar.

The Nozomi Tokaido va San'yo Shinkansen liniyalari orqali ishlaydigan asosiy xizmatdir, ammo boshqalari Nozomi poezdlar faqat Tokio va Osaka o'rtasida harakatlanadi. Ushbu poezd turi ish kunlari har 10 daqiqada tez-tez xizmat qiladi va 16 ta vagon bilan ishlaydi. Bir kishilik sayohat Nozomi Tokiodan Osakaga 2 soat 30 daqiqa, Tokiodan Fukuokaga sayohat 5 soat davom etadi. Fukuokada uzluksiz transferlar amalga oshirilishi mumkin Nozomi va Kyushu Shinkansen poezdlari: Tokio - Kumamoto - 6 soat, Tokio - Kagosima - 7 soat.

The MizuhoBoshqa tomondan, Osaka va Kagosima o'rtasidagi San'yo va Kyushu Shinkansen xizmatlari bilan cheklangan bo'lib, sayohatlar ertalab va kechqurun "eng yuqori" soatlarda ishlaydi. Mizuho poyezdlar Osakadan Kumamotoga 3 soat, Kagosimaga esa 3 soat, 45 daqiqa. Mizuho poezdlar faqat 8 ta vagon bilan ishlaydi va umumiy rezervlangan va yashil 6-avtomashinadagi o'rindiqlar.

• Hikari (ひ か り), Sakura (さ く ら)

Bular Yaponiya temir yo'l o'tishida amal qiladigan eng tezkor xizmatlar bo'lib, ularnikiga qaraganda bir nechta to'xtash joylarini yaratadilar Nozomi yoki Mizuho. Tokaido Shinkansen ustida odatda ikkitasi bor Hikari Tokiodan jo'nab ketadigan soatiga poezdlar: Bir poyezd Osakada to'xtaydi, ikkinchisi esa Okayamada tugaydigan San'yo Shinkansenda davom etadi. Osakaning g'arbiy qismida odatda bitta mavjud Sakura Osakadan Fukuokaga va Kagosimaga boradigan soatiga poezd (qatnov soatlarida ikkitasi). Boshqalar Sakura xizmatlar faqat Kyukyu Shinkansenidagi Fukuoka, Kumamoto va Kagosima o'rtasida ishlaydi.

Agar siz Hikari yoki Sakura Yaponiya temir yo'l passasi bilan siz odatda uzoq safarlarga kamida bir marta o'tishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Tokaido va San'yo Shinkansenga sayohat qilish uchun eng yaxshi joy bu terminalda joylashgan Shin-Osaka. Shuningdek, siz transferni ko'rib chiqishingiz mumkin Shin-Kobe, poezdlar bir yo'lda kelish va ketish joyiga. Vaqt jadvaliga qarab, shuningdek, soatni o'zgartiring Ximeci yoki Okayama, xuddi shu platformadagi o'zgarishlarni taklif qiladigan.

Ushbu xizmatlar bilan Tokiodan jo'nash bilan siz Osakaga 3 soatda, Fukuokaga 6 soatda, Kumamotodan 7 soatga va Kagosimaga 8 soatda etib borishingiz mumkin. Osakadan Fukuokaga 3 soatdan kam vaqt ichida, Kumamotoga 3 soat 30 daqiqada va Kagosimaga 4 soat 15 daqiqada etib borishingiz mumkin.

• Kodama (こ だ ま), Tsubame (つ ば め)

Shuningdek, Yaponiya temir yo'l o'tishida ham amal qilish mumkin, bu barcha stantsiyalar xizmatlari marshrutda har bir shinkansen stantsiyasida to'xtaydi. Tokaido Shinkansen Kodama xizmatlar odatda Tokiodan Osaka va Tokiodan Nagoyagacha ishlaydi. Barcha stantsiyani ajratib oling Kodama xizmatlar San'yo Shinkansen-da ishlaydi va Tsubame poezdlar faqat Fukuoka, Kumamoto va Kagosima o'rtasidagi Kyushu Shinkansen bo'ylab harakatlanadi. Tokaido paytida Kodama poezdlar 16 ta vagonni boshqaradi, San'yo Kodama va Kyushu Tsubame xizmatlar kamroq avtoulovlar bilan ishlay olishi mumkin, shuning uchun minadigan joyingiz uchun platformadagi belgilarni tekshiring.

Shinkansenning boshqa yo'nalishlari

Kanazava Stantsiya - futuristik va an'anaviy yapon me'morchiligini birlashtiradi. Tokiodan Xokuriku Shinkansen liniyasining terminali.

Yaponiyaning boshqa o'q poezd yo'nalishlari asosan JR East tomonidan boshqariladi va Tokio stantsiyasidan shimolga yoyiladi. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi:

• Tohoku Shinkansen ga Sendai, Morioka va Aomori, davom etmoqda Hakodate sifatida Xokkaydo Shinkansen
• Akita Shinkansen ga Akita, Tohoku Shinkansen bilan birgalikda Moriokaga qadar poezdlar
• Yamagata Shinkansen ga Yamagata va Shinjo, Tohoku Shinkansen poezdlari bilan birgalikda Fukusima
• Joetsu Shinkansen ga Yuzava va Niigata
• Xokuriku Shinkansen ga Nagano, Toyama va Kanazava

Japan Rail Pass ushbu xizmatlarning barchasi uchun amal qiladi, faqat ma'lum yo'nalishlarda ishlaydigan GranClass idishni bundan mustasno (qo'shimcha narx talab qilinadi).

Boshqa JR poezd turlari

Tez poezdgacha Shibuya

Boshqa JR xizmatlari, xususan shahar atrofidagi xizmatlar, quyidagi umumiy yorliqlardan foydalanadilar:

• Muntazam/Mahalliy (普通 futsū, 停 停 kakuteiyoki 各 駅 kakueki) - har bir bekatda to'xtaydi
• Tez (快速 kaisoku) - taxminan 3 to'xtash joyidan 2 tasini o'tkazib yuboradi, qo'shimcha to'lov olinmaydi
• Ekspres (急 行 kyūkō) - taxminan 3 to'xtash joyidan 2 tasini o'tkazib yuboradi, qo'shimcha to'lovni talab qiladi (less common on JR these days compared to locals and rapids)
• Liner (ライナー rainā) – skips approximately 2 out of 3 kyūkō stops, requires a surcharge
• Limited Express (特急 tokkyū) – skips approximately 2 out of 3 kyūkō stops, requires a surcharge and usually a reserved seat as well

Green Cars

Green Car seating on E6 Komachi Shinkansen services

Express services may offer first-class Green Car (グリーン車 guriin-sha) seats. Given that the surcharge of almost 50% gets you little more than a bit of extra leg room, most passengers opt for regular seats. However, if you really need to ride a particular train for which the regular seats are full, the Green Car is an alternative. The JR pass is available in two types: "Ordinary", which requires paying the surcharge to use the Green Car, and "Green", which includes Green Car seats at no additional charge.

Depending on where you travel in Japan, Green Cars do have some little perks. On the premium Nozomi va Mizuho (not valid with the rail pass) you are greeted by a female attendant who will bow to you as you enter the train and check your tickets in place of the train conductor. Depending on the day and time that you travel, Green Cars can be less crowded and quieter than the regular cars, but, of course, during Golden Week and other high-peak travel periods, all bets are off.

GranClass

The exclusive GranClass cabin

Most trains operating on the bullet train networks of eastern Japan and Hokkaido (those operated by JR East and JR Hokkaido) offer a premium Green Class experience known as GranClass (グランクラス guran-kurasu). The service can be equated to international business class on an airline and features 18 wide, power-reclining "shell seats" in a 2 1 configuration.

GranClass on the fastest services offer a personal in-cabin attendant, an increased selection of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, and premium quality food items made with local ingredients. GranClass may also be offered on slower, stopping services during the morning and evening peak periods, but food and attendant services will not be available.

A special GranClass fare structure is in place for these services. Holders of the Japan Rail Pass and JR East Rail Pass will need to pay the limited express fare va the GranClass fare to travel in GranClass. Even if you have a Green Car pass, it will still cover just the basic fare — however, trains with GranClass also offer regular Green Car seating which can be used for no extra charge with the Green Car pass.

Chekish

Many of Japan's rail companies have restricted or banned smoking on platforms and on trains.

Only a very few long-distance services and bullet trains have segregated carriages for smokers, including on some of the older bullet trains that are in service. Most others - including the new and refurbished bullet trains - restrict smokers to small ventilated rooms, known as "smoking corners", in between certain cars. All suburban and commuter services, and many long-distance trains, do not permit smoking at all.

Usually non-smoking trains are marked in timetables with the universal no-smoking sign, or with the Japanese kanji for no smoking (禁煙; kin'en).

Food and beverage

A selection of ekiben sold at Kyoto Station.

When taking a shinkansen or long-distance limited express service, it's best to buy any food or beverages for consumption before boarding your train.

Consider purchasing an ekiben (駅弁), which are packaged meals sold at train stations intended to be eaten on trains. Every large station has several stalls selling ekiben, and even medium-sized stations will typically have some available. Every ekiben is different and represents the taste of the region from where it was packaged. Some major Shinkansen stations such as Tokyo and Shin-Osaka will have stores selling ekiben from all over the country. It's not uncommon for Japanese to pick up an ekiben along with a beer or can of sake and have a mini-party on the train, a custom you could happily adopt.

Some major stations will have restaurants or quick-service eateries in their station concourses or even on the platforms themselves where you can have a bite to eat before taking your train. The Shinkansen platforms at Nagoya, for example, have a few noodle shops just steps away from where the bullet trains pull in.

On-board food and beverage sales are still available on some services, although this has been declining, particularly on JR services. If a train does have at-seat catering, there will often be a selection of ekiben available, but it's usually more expensive and more limited than what's available at stations.

Food and beverage consumption is not permitted on regular commuter trains. Generally speaking, if you have your own seat with a tray table, it's okay to eat and drink on the train.

Making a reservation

A seat reservation ticket from 2008 for a Hikari bullet train service, printed in both English and Japanese.

On Shinkansen and tokkyū trains, some of the carriages require passengers to have reserved their seats in advance (指定席 shiteiseki). For example, on the 16-carriage Hikari service on the Tokaido Shinkansen, only five of the carriages permit non-reserved seating, all of which are non-smoking (禁煙車 kin'ensha). On a busy train, making a reservation in advance can ensure a comfortable journey. Especially consider it if you're travelling in a group, as you're unlikely to find 2 seats together, let alone more, on a busy train.

Making a reservation is surprisingly easy, and is strongly advised for popular journeys (such as travelling from Tokyo to Kyoto on a Friday evening, or taking a train from Nagoya to Takayama). Many JR stations have ticket machines where seat reservation tickets can be purchased; the newer machines have multi-language options in English, Chinese and Korean. Alternatively, look out for the JR Office at the train station, which bears a little green logo of a figure relaxing in a chair - and ask to make a reservation when you buy your ticket. The reservation can be made anywhere from a month in advance to literally minutes before the train leaves. Note that the opening hours of the manned ticket offices (dedicated to long distance travels) are more limited than the ones for local trains: they may be closed early in the morning or late in the evening.

If you are a Japan Rail Pass holder, reservations are free: Go to a ticket machine for reserved seating and push the "JAPAN RAIL PASS" button at the bottom of the screen to get started, or go to a manned agent at the JR Office and present your Rail Pass when requesting a reservation.

Without a pass a small fee will be charged, so a non-reserved ticket may be preferable to a reserved ticket, particularly if you are boarding at Tokyo or another originating station where all the seats will be open anyway.

Online reservations

There are several online services that foreigners can use to make advanced reservations for many JR trains in English and several other languages. There are more of these reservation services available than in previous years, but it is important to note that each of them has their advantages and drawbacks.

SmartEX

The SmartEX App allows online reservations to be made for Tokaido and San'yo Shinkansen bullet trains (i.e. services between Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Hiroshima and Fukuoka) from mobile devices. After registering and providing a valid credit card, bullet train tickets for these lines can be purchased. Travelers can pick up their reserved tickets at a vending machine prior to boarding, or use a valid IC card to tap in and out of the Shinkansen system. The SmartEx App entitles users to a discount of ¥200 off of regular tickets, with additional discounted "Hayatoku" fares subject to availability. Reservations can be made from one month until four minutes prior to a train's scheduled departure time. However, there is no provision to make reservations if you have a Japan Rail Pass. You also cannot purchase tickets for Kyushu Shinkansen trains, which run from Fukuoka south to Kumamoto and Kagoshima.

JR East Train Reservation service

The JR East Train Reservation website allows regular travelers and Rail Pass holders alike to reserve seats on the following services:

• All Shinkansen trains bundan mustasno Tokaido, San'yo and Kyushu Shinkansen services
• Key JR East Limited Express trains to and from Tokyo, including the Narita Express
• All JR Hokkaido Limited Express trains
• Airport Rapid trains to and from New Chitose Airport in Sapporo

Seat reservations through JR East's site may be made anywhere from one month up to three days before the date of travel, and your ticket must be picked up at a JR East ticket counter any time up to 21:00 on the day prior to departure. Also, the basic fare is emas included in the seat reservation cost, unless you have a valid rail pass.

If you are in Tokyo, you can also take advantage of the JR East Travel Service Center for foreigners at Haneda Airport, Narita Airport, and six major train stations. You can easily exchange rail pass vouchers, purchase tickets or make seat reservations with staff that speak multiple languages. There is also another such center at Sendai Station.

JR West Train Reservation service

The JR West Train Reservation website allows users to reserve seats on the following services:

• All Tokaido, San'yo, Kyushu, Joetsu and Hokuriku Shinkansen services
• Tohoku Shinkansen services between Tokyo and Nasu-Shiobara (does not include services further north to Fukushima, Sendai, Akita, Hokkaido, etc.)
• All limited express services in central and western Japan, including the islands of Shikoku and Kyushu (in areas operated by JR Central, JR West, JR Shikoku and JR Kyushu)
• Limited express services around Tokyo and portions of the Kantō, Chubu and Tohoku regions (in areas operated by JR East)

Regional JR West rail passes and travel products can also be purchased through the JR West service.

Reservations can be made up until minutes before departure. Payment can be made in advance by credit card, or in yen (cash) when picking up the tickets in person. Tickets can be picked up at these locations:

• Any ticket office or ticket reservation machine in central or western Japan showing the e5489 (ii go-yoyaku, a pun on "e-reservations") reservation system symbol
• JR East Travel Service Centers in Tokyo or Sendai, bundan mustasno for trains that pass through JR Central territory, such as the Tokaido Shinkansen.

If you are picking up a regional rail pass or tickets that are restricted to foreign tourists, these must be picked up at a JR West station in western Japan. You can go to an e5489 ticket office, or if you have a passport with an IC chip, you can go to an e5489 ticket reservation machine that is equipped with a passport reader.

If you reserve tickets on the Tokaido Shinkansen from Tokyo using the JR West Reservation Service, you will need to travel to either Tokyo Station or Shinagawa Station and go to a JR Central ticket office or e5489 reservation machine to receive your tickets.

Kyushu Rail Pass Reservation service

The Kyushu Rail Pass Reservation website permits foreign travelers to purchase a Kyushu Rail Pass, and allows Kyushu Rail Pass holders to make seat reservations on trains in Kyushu.

Luggage

On all bullet trains and limited express services, there is an overhead rack where personal items and small luggage can be stored. There is also a limited amount of space at the rear of each car for a few large suitcases, though bringing large luggage is generally discouraged for personal space and comfort considerations, both for yourself and other passengers. As an alternative to bringing large luggage on the train, you may wish to look into a luggage delivery service, which in Japan is a highly efficient and economical way to transport your luggage. For example, a 20 kg (44 lb.) suitcase measuring not more than 140 cm (55 in.) total in length, width and height costs around ¥1700 to transport between Tokyo and Kyoto on Yamato's Ta-Q-Bin (宅急便 takkyūbin) service with next day delivery. Long distance deliveries (i.e. Tokyo-Fukuoka) can take two days, and one extra day must be added for deliveries to an airport. Most hotels and convenience stores will be able to make the necessary arrangements for you and accept payment.

A small number of bullet trains are installing luggage racks in response to travel from overseas visitors: Most Hokuriku Shinkansen trains operating between Tokyo and Toyama/Kanazawa have luggage racks installed in even-numbered standard class cars and in the green car.

Luggage Reservations

The Tokaido, San'yo and Kyushu Shinkansen requires all passengers with large luggage to make a special seat reservation. This reservation, at no additional cost when purchasing a ticket, allows passengers with large luggage to reserve seats in the back row of a reserved car and store the luggage behind their seats. Those who do not make this special reservation will be required to store their luggage in a designated space between cars at a cost of ¥1000 for each piece.

Private railways

Limited Express trains on the private Keikyu Railway compete with JR on trips between Tokio va Yokohama

If the option is there, the private railways are often cheaper than JR for an equivalent journey. However this is not always the case as changing from one network to another generally increases the price. Most private railways are connected to department store chains of the same name (e.g. Tokyu in Tokyo) and do an excellent job of filling in the gaps in the suburbs of the major cities. Private railways may interpret the service classes above differently, with some providing express services at no additional charge.

Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka, Sapporo, Sendai, Fukuoka, Tokio va Yokohama also have subway (underground) services. For seeing the sights within a particular city, many offer a one day pass, often between ¥500 and ¥1000 for an adult. Tokyo has several types of day passes, which cover some subway lines but not others. The full Tokyo subway pass (which does not include the JR Yamanote Line) is ¥900.

A train at Wakasa Station of Wakasa Railway, an example of specified local lines

Qo'shimcha, third-sector rail companies are private railways established to operate lines belonging to another company. (Many are unprofitable railway lines of the former Japanese National Railway.) Among them, specified local lines services are commuter railways that serve the most rural parts of Japan. As most of these companies are largely unprofitable, they often offer great deal for travelers in order to attract passengers, and are useful for off the beaten track travel.

Premium services

Odakyu's flagship Romancecar train operates between Tokyo and Hakone

A few private railways operate premium trains for travel between major cities and tourist/leisure destinations. With distinctive exteriors, these trains usually feature comfortable, all-reserved seating and make limited stops. Some offer food and beverage service, either through vending machines, at-seat wagon sales or an on-board cafe. All of these premium services require a surcharge on top of the normal fare, like the tokkyu-ken for JR trains.

Such premium services include Odakyu Railway's Romancecar dan Shinjuku ga Hakone, Tobu Railway's SPACIA va Revaty dan Asakusa ga Nikko va Kinugawa, and Seibu's Red Arrow va Laview dan Ikebukuro ga Chichibu and from Shinjuku to Kawagoe. In central Japan, Kintetsu runs a plethora of limited express services between Nagoya va Osaka, and from Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka to such destinations as Ise, Toba, Shima, Nara va Kashihara, under names such as Shimakaze, Hinotori va Urban Liner. In Kansai, Keihan Railway operates a Premium Car on their fastest commuter trains operating between Kyoto and Osaka with reserved seating.

A growing number of operators such as Odakyu, Tobu va Kintetsu now offer online reservations for premium trains in English on their respective websites.

Women-only cars

Women-only car sticker on the JR Chuo Line in Tokyo

To provide a sense of safety and security for female passengers, many of the JR and private commuter rail lines in Japan reserve a car for women only during the morning and evening rush hour. These cars are identified by special placards and stickers on the train and platform, which also designate the times that women-only cars are in effect. Also, some limited express trains operated by JR West to and from the Kansai region have reserved seats specifically for women and their children. You will find men sitting in "women-only" seats, but they will make way if requested to do so. Normally, the first and last carriages are designated "women-only" during the morning rush time.

Some rail companies do allow men with disabilities and their caregivers to board the women-only cars, as well as male elementary school students.

Overnight by train

Shuningdek qarang: shpal poezdi

Overnight trains in Japan, containing the prefix shindai (寝台) but more commonly known as Blue Trains because of the blue color of the sleeping cars, were once an icon of the entire country. Numerous services would run regularly, bringing travellers to different parts of the country in a timely, efficient manner. These days, however, with ageing train equipment and other modes of transportation becoming easier and sometimes cheaper (e.g. Shinkansen trains and overnight buses), overnight trains have slowly been discontinued.

The Sunrise Seto/Sunrise Izumo poezd

Carpet spaces on the Sunrise trains, also known as Nobinobi

Only one set of overnight trains remain in daily service today: the Sunrise Izumo (サンライズ出雲) and the Sunrise Seto (サンライズ瀬戸). These services run coupled together between Tokio va Okayama. In Okayama the cars split/combine, with the Sunrise Izumo continuing to Kurashiki va Izumo, va Sunrise Seto heading south to Takamatsu on the island of Shikoku. Bullet train transfers for service to and from destinations such as Hiroshima va Kyushu can be made at Okayama.

When using these services, separate fares will have to be paid. The basic fare va limited express surcharge are both based on distance, and the accommodation charge is fixed over the entire journey. Lodging ranges from carpet spaces — where you literally sleep on the floor — to bunk bed-type compartments and private rooms. Toilets are located throughout the train, and on-board showers can be accessed for a small fee by paying for a shower card at a special vending machine - but only a limited number of shower cards are available on each trip.

The Japan Rail Pass will cover only the basic fare. If you sleep in a bunk bed or a private room, then the limited express and accommodation charges will have to be paid. On the other hand, if you sleep in the carpet space, this is considered a "reserved seat" and there is no additional charge to use it.

Overnight trains can be reserved online in English through sites such as JR West and Japan Rail Pass Train Reservation, or you can book the train after arrival in Japan. Do note that trains could sell out, especially during peak travel times, and trains are also subject to cancellation on the day of departure if inclement weather is expected.

The alternative to travelling overnight by train is to travel by bus, though if you plan to stick to train transportation there are a few other options. You could travel to your next destination during the evening hours, arrive before midnight (when most trains stop operating), and hit the ground running early the next morning. You can also split up an overnight journey by stopping at an intermediate train station along the way and resting at a nearby hotel. This works especially if you have a Japan Rail Pass, since you would generally not have to pay anything extra to use the train. If you can find accommodations in a smaller city, the chances are good that you will pay less for it compared to lodging in bigger cities such as Tokyo... not to mention you will have your own bed, bathroom and toilet. Toyoko Inn business hotels are sprouting up all over Japan — most of them near train stations — and are just one example.

If you have some extra money, consider forwarding some of your luggage to your destination using a luggage delivery service.

Deluxe excursion trains

Shuningdek qarang: Turistik poezdlar

The Seven Stars in Kyushu excursion train

A number of excursion trains are marketed as Joyful Trains (ジョイフルトレイン joifuru torein). As of 2020, you can find as many as 50 such trains by searching for "joyful train". Some are simply ordinary rides with scenic views, while others have interesting features on board such as tatami mat seating, an art gallery, sweet snacks made from local produce, yoki foot baths. Shuningdek, bor character trains that generally target kids, such as the Pokémon train with a playroom car, decorated with about a million Pikachus.

The various Japan Railway companies offer some sleeper trains with deluxe accommodations. The Seven Stars in Kyushu was unveiled in 2013 by JR Kyushu, who coined the phrase cruise train due to its long and various itineraries. The Seven Stars in Kyushu appropriately operates in Kyushu and contains 14 deluxe suites, a lounge car and a dining car.

Fares start from ¥210,000 for a one night journey and ¥480,000 for a three night journey that includes one night at a ryokan (per person, double occupancy). Despite the high cost, the excursion train has proven to be so popular that JR Kyushu holds a ticket lottery to determine who can order tickets. For example, there were over 6,800 applications for the 210 suites available for train runs between October 2015 and February 2016. Travel agencies have begun selling these itineraries at a mark-up for those who miss out on the lottery.

Due to the success of Seven Stars in Kyushu, other train companies are following suit with their own excursion trains. JR East has introduced the luxury Train Suite Shiki-shima for journeys from Tokyo to Tohoku va Hakodate in southern Hokkaido. JR West's Twilight Express Mizukaze operates itineraries between the Kansai va Chugoku mintaqalar.

The Royal Express of Izu-Kyuko Railway operates excursions from Yokohama uchun Izu Peninsula.

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