Filippinlar - Philippines

The Filippinlar (Filippin: Pilipinalar), rasmiy ravishda Filippin Respublikasi (Pilipinalar respublikasi), 7100 dan ortiq orollardan iborat arxipelagdir Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo Filippin dengizi va Janubiy Xitoy dengizi o'rtasida.

Mamlakat dunyodagi eng uzun qirg'oqlardan biriga ega, ko'plab plyajlari va ajoyib joylari bor sho'ng'in. Ko'pgina orollar, ko'plab immigratsiya to'lqinlari va begona ta'sirlarning aralashuvi tufayli juda katta madaniy xilma-xillik mavjud - bu mamlakat 1500-yillarning oxiridan 1898 yilgacha Ispaniyaning mustamlakasi bo'lgan, keyin 1946 yilgacha Amerika bo'lgan - va madaniy ta'sirlarning ko'p aralashishi. Hamma narsani ziyorat qilish va tajriba o'tkazish uchun o'nlab yillar kerak bo'ladi.

Ko'pgina mahalliy aholi ingliz tilida yaxshi gaplashadi, boshqalarning aksariyati kamida bir oz ingliz tiliga ega. Oziq-ovqat va turar joylar arzon, ko'plab yo'nalishlar mukammal infratuzilmaga ega va odamlar quvnoq va do'stona; chet elda filippinlikni tanib olishning eng oson yo'li bu kimning tabassumi eng kengligini ko'rishdir.

Filippinga tashrif buyuruvchilar soni asta-sekin o'sib bormoqda, ammo u aholisi 40 foizga ko'proq bo'lishiga qaramay, Tailandning durang o'yinlarining atigi beshinchi qismida 2018 yilda atigi 8 million mehmonni qabul qilib, qo'shnilaridan orqada qolmoqda. G'arbliklar tashrif buyuruvchilarning ozchilik qismini tashkil qiladi; aksariyat sayyohlar Xitoy, Koreya va Yaponiyadan. Turizmning og'ir ahvoli asosan qo'zg'olon va jinoyatchilikdan kelib chiqadi, ammo mamlakatning aksariyat hududlari sog'lom fikr bilan xavfsiz bo'lib qolmoqda.

Mintaqalar

Vikivoyaj mamlakatni to'rtta orol guruhiga ajratadi:

Filippin hukumatining ma'muriy tizimi yuqori darajadagi uchta mintaqadan foydalanadi: Luzon, Visayas va Mindanao. Ular Palawan-ni bir qismi sifatida davolashadi Mimaropa mintaqa, Luzon boshqaruvi ostida. Quyida 18 ta quyi darajadagi mintaqalar, 80 ta viloyat, 120 ta shahar va ko'plab qishloq munitsipalitetlari joylashgan. Eng past ma'muriy daraja barangay - qishloq okrugi yoki shahar mahallasi - va Filippindagi manzillar yoki ko'rsatmalar ko'pincha barangay nomini o'z ichiga oladi.

Shaharlar

100 million atrofida aholisi bo'lgan Filippin ko'plab shaharlarga ega. Quyida mehmonlar uchun eng muhim shaharlarning ba'zilari keltirilgan.

• 14.5833333333331211 Metro Manila - Milliy poytaxt mintaqasi - bu dunyodagi eng yirik shaharlardan biri va ultra zamonaviy binolar va boy tumanlardan tortib axlat va jinoyatchilikka yo'liqgan uy-joylargacha katta ziddiyatlar joyi; uning ifloslanishi, tirbandliklar va tarixiy diqqatga sazovor joylarning kamligi tashrif buyuruvchilarni, jilmayib turadigan, tutashgan va topqir odamlarni hamda madaniyat va o'yin-kulgining hayratlanarli xilma-xilligini susaytirishi mumkin.
• 10.676458333333122.950916666672 Bakolod - har yili 19 oktyabrda bo'lib o'tadigan MassKara festivali (Ispaniyada Mscara) tufayli "Tabassumlar shahri" nomi bilan tanilgan, u bu eshiklardan biri Negros oroli va mashhur Bacolod Chicken Inasal uyi.
• 16.415166666667120.595594444443 Bagio - LuzonSalqin ob-havo tufayli yozgi poytaxt, u obodonlashtirilgan bog'lar va manzarali hududlarga ega va "Igorot" ning uyi, Kordillerning tub aholisi.
• 8.4833333333333124.654 Kagayan de Oro - "Oltin do'stlik shahri" nomi bilan tanilgan, u oq suvda rafting bilan mashhur va Shimoliy Mindanaoning eshigi hisoblanadi.
• 10.3123.95 Sebu - "Janubning qirolicha shahri" Filippindagi birinchi Ispaniya bazasi bo'lgan va savdo, sanoat, madaniyat va turizmning yirik markazi hisoblanadi; Metro Sebu mamlakatning Metro shaharidan keyin shaharning ikkinchi yirik shahri.
• 7.0666666666667125.66 Davao - er maydoni jihatidan dunyodagi eng katta shahar, Durian mevalari va uyi sifatida tanilgan Apo tog'i, Filippinning eng baland tog'i.
• 9.65123.857 Tagbilaran - Ispaniyalik konkistador Migel Lopes de Legazpi va Rajax Sikatuna o'rtasida yashovchi Sandugo (qon kompakt) joyi sifatida tanilgan. Bohol.
• 17.57472120.386948 Vigan - poytaxti Ilocos Sur va a YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati; uning shahar markazi - Ispaniyaning mustamlakachilik me'morchiligining Filippindagi eng yaxshi namunasidir.
• 6.9166666666667122.083333333339 Zamboanga - "La Ciudad Latina de Asia" (Osiyoning Lotin shahri) nomi bilan tanilgan bu Filippinning nasroniy va musulmon madaniyati o'rtasidagi qadimiy masjidlar, ulkan cherkovlar va tarixiy mustamlakachilik tuzilmalari bilan faxrlanadigan qozon.

Maniladan tashqari, filippinliklar shahar nomiga "shahar" qo'shimchasini qo'shishi odatiy holdir, ammo Vikivoyaj, keraksiz holatlardan voz kechadi. O'z nomini viloyat bilan birlashtiradigan shaharlar (avvalgilarini ham o'z ichiga olgan holda) Vikivoyajda odatda shunday nomlanadi [shahar nomi] (shahar) (masalan, Sebu shahri Sebu (shahar)), ayniqsa, mahalliy mahalliy foydalanish odatda oddiy, ammo noaniq ism bo'lsa.

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 16.918611121.0591671 Banaue 2000 yillik guruch teraslari bor va ularni filippinliklar shunday deb atashgan dunyoning sakkizinchi mo''jizasi, bu YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan. Odamlarning ulkan ishlariga qoyil qolishdi Igorots buni amalga oshirishda.
• 13.8333333333331212 Batangalar dunyodagi sho'ng'in joylari va plyajlari bilan Filippinda suv osti sho'ng'inining tug'ilgan joyi. Manila aeroportidan taxminan 2 soatlik yo'lda foydalanish imkoniyati uni mashhur joyga aylantiradi. Bu uy Taal vulqoni va Taal meros shaharchasi.
• 11.975121.92253 Borakay mamlakatning eng taniqli kurort zonalaridan biri bo'lgan oq qumlarni o'z ichiga olgan 10 km uzunlikdagi orol.
• 11.195556119.40754 El Nido kristalli toza koylar va lagunlar tomonidan singdirilgan, hali ham ommaviy turizm tomonidan nisbatan buzilmagan, juda ajoyib karst topografiyasini hosil qiluvchi o'nlab ohaktosh orollariga ega.
• 13.666666666667123.333333333335 Camarines Sur chiroyli marjon riflari va qora va oq qumlarning qirg'oqlariga ega. Camarines Sur Watersport kompleksiga tashrif buyuring va suv chang'isiga chiqing.
• 12.916666666667123.66 Donsol bo'ladi Kit Shark Capital dunyoning sho'ng'in va kit akulalarini ko'ring.
• 11.333333333333124.116666666677 Malapasua Orolda chiroyli oq qum qirg'og'i va marjon bog'lari mavjud.
• 13.5120.9541678 Puerto-Galera kuni Mindoro, sho'ng'in joyi, shuningdek, oq qum qirg'oqlari va ajoyib florasi tufayli muqaddas hafta davomida filippinliklar uchun sevimli dam olish joyi.
• 14.1120.933333333339 Tagaytay, Manila shovqinli metropolining eski sahnasidan charchadingizmi? Yoki salqin ob-havoni sog'indimmi? Tagaytay ko'rinishini beradi Taal vulqoni.
• 9.6123.8166666666710 Panglao oroli yilda Bohol Viloyat, yaxshi plyajlari bo'lgan kurort oroli sifatida. Viloyatning qolgan qismida boshqa diqqatga sazovor joylar, shu jumladan Shokolad tepaliklari va yovvoyi buzadigan amallar (mayda primatlar).

Shuningdek qarang UNESCO_World_Heritage_List # Filippinlar.

Tushuning

7100 dan ortiq orol va 300.000 km² (120,000 sqm) hududga ega Filippin, yirik Indoneziyadan keyin ikkinchi yirik arxipelagdir. Orollar asosan vulkanik bo'lib, tropik o'rmonlar va unumdor tuproq bilan qoplangan, ammo o'rmonlarning katta qismi kesilgan. Relyefi bir-biridan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi, ammo ko'plab qirg'oqlarda ko'plab koylar va boshliqlar joylashgan bo'lib, ko'plab yirik orollarning ichki qismi tog'li. Sohillarda ham ko'plab marjon riflari mavjud.

Iqlimi tropik, doimo yuqori namlik va yuqori barqaror haroratga ega, shuning uchun jazirama issiq ostida kiyimlarni tez-tez almashtirishga tayyorlaning. Noyabrdan martgacha bo'lgan salqin quruq mavsumda tog'li hududlar odatdagidan tashqari, mo''tadil salqin harorat bilan mo''tadil. Sovuq oylarda tog'li hududlarda sovuq paydo bo'ladi, ammo qor yog'maydi, chunki harorat hech qachon muzlashdan pastga tushmaydi va tepaliklar 4000 metrdan oshmaydi.

Mamlakatda jinoyatchilik, korruptsiya, qashshoqlik va ichki nizolar kabi muammolar mavjud. Filippin hukumati va Islomiy ayirmachilar o'rtasida to'qnashuvlar davom etmoqda Mindanaova boshqa joylarda kommunistik isyonchilar bilan (Yangi xalq armiyasi). Harbiy harakatlarning yirik shaharlarga o'tishi sodir bo'ldi. Filippinlar byurokratiyasi bilan bog'liq byurokratiya, poraxo'rlik va haddan tashqari homiylik kamaytirildi, ammo ba'zi mahalliy aholi hali ham hukumatga ishonmaydi. Jinoyatlar va noqonuniy giyohvand moddalar odatiy holdir, ammo siz qo'pol joylarga kirsangiz, ular bilan uchrashishingiz mumkin. G'arb davlatlari xavfsizlik va xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan mamlakatga sayohatni to'xtatishdi.

Nisbatan iqtisodiy jihatdan rivojlangan Filippinlarning dastlabki taassurotlariga qaramay, u daromadlar tengsizligi va qashshoqlik bilan kurashayotgan rivojlanayotgan mamlakat bo'lib qolmoqda. Filippinliklarning aksariyati ozi bilan yashashga qiynalishadi ₱400–600 fermer yoki sotuvchi yoki tez ovqatlanish guruhi bo'lsin (kuniga 2019 yilga kelib taxminan 8-12 AQSh dollari). The sosyal (boy odamlar) va boylikboshqa tomondan, o'zlarining hashamatli mashinalarida sayr qilishlari, qo'riqlanadigan uylariga egalik qilishlari va bolalarini xususiy maktablarga berishlari kuzatiladi. Ba'zi bir ishsiz odamlar pul topish uchun reket yoki jinoyatga qo'l urishadi. Poytaxt, Metro Manila, taniqli tirbandliklardan aziyat chekmoqda va ko'p sonli aholi punktlarini ko'p hollarda topish mumkin, ba'zan uning biznes tumanlaridagi osmono'par binolardan farqli o'laroq Makati. Tanqidchilar tomonidan ko'pincha "Imperial Manila" deb nomlangan iqtisodiy va siyosiy markazlashish ko'plab viloyatlarda iqtisodiy ahvolning sababi bo'lib qolmoqda va mintaqalarning o'z taqdirini belgilashga bo'lgan talablari kuchaymoqda. Qolganlarida bo'lgani kabi Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo, Filippin shuningdek, shaharlarning ko'payishiga, ko'plab joylarda piyodalar va nogironlar kolyaskalari uchun qulay sharoitlarning etishmasligiga va yig'ilmagan axlatga olib keladigan nazoratsiz rivojlanishdan xursand.

Tarix

Tinch okeaniga ko'chib kelganlarning birinchi yirik to'lqini miloddan avvalgi 70000 yillarda boshlangan Osiyodagi materikdan sayoz dengizlar va quruqlik ko'priklarini kesib o'tdi va hozirgacha Filippinda topilgan eng qadimgi joy Tabon odam Miloddan avvalgi 45000 yilda Palavanda. Bular edi Melaneziya, ba'zi filippinliklarning ajdodlari, papualiklarning aksariyati va barcha mahalliy avstraliyaliklar. Bu odamlarning bevosita avlodlari, Negritoslar yoki Aetas, hali ham topish mumkin Negros Oriental, shimoliy Luzonva boshqa sohalar. Bugungi kunda ular asosan tog'larda yashaydilar, keyinchalik keyingi muhojirlar tomonidan qirg'oq bo'yidagi asosiy hududlardan haydab chiqarildi.

Miloddan avvalgi bir necha ming yil, ularni ta'qib qilgan Avstronesiyalik o'sha yo'nalishda sayohat qilayotgan ko'chmanchilar, lekin bu safar dengiz bo'ylab o'zlarining ta'sirchanligi bilan balangay qayiqlar. Bu so'z Filippin siyosiy institutining nomi barangay kelgan. Austronesian etnolingvistik guruhi Malayziya, Indoneziya va Polineziyani o'z ichiga oladi va Gavayi, Pasxa oroli, Yangi Zelandiya va Madagaskargacha tarqalgan. Uning kelib chiqishi ilmiy munozarali masaladir. Keng tarqalgan nazariyalardan biri ulardan kelib chiqadi Tayvanva Filippin janubiga sayohat qilish. Boshqa nazariyalar o'zlarining kelib chiqishini Xitoyning janubiy qismida, materikda Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo yoki materik Xitoyda Liangzu madaniyati.

Bugungi kunda filippinliklarning katta qismi avstronesiyaliklardir va tilshunoslar barcha filippin tillarini avstronesiyaliklar oilasi a'zolari deb tasniflaydilar. Biroq, ming yillar davomida savdo mamlakati bo'lib, bir necha yuz yil davomida mustamlaka bo'lib, sayyohlar va nafaqaxo'rlar o'nlab yillar davomida mamlakat ko'plab boshqa etnik guruhlarning avlodlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Eng katta ozchilik guruhi asosan xitoyliklardir Xokkien oiladan chiqqan ma'ruzachilar Fujian viloyat. Filippinda ko'plar bor dinlar, eng ko'p turli xil savdogarlar yoki bosqinchilar tomonidan kiritilgan; eng muhimlari katolikdir Nasroniylik va sunniylar Islom.

Ispaniya hukmronligi ostida

Shuningdek qarang: Magellan-Elcano atrofida aylanish

Qachon kashfiyotchi Ferdinand Magellan 1521 yilda Xomonxon oroliga qadam qo'ydi, u arxipelagga etib borgan birinchi evropalik edi. Uning ekipajini mehmondo'st tatuirovka kiygan orolliklar kutib olishdi. Magellan portugal edi, ammo u orollarga olib borgan Ispaniya ekspeditsiyasi edi. Lapu-Lapu, mahalliy boshliq Maktan oroli, Magellan bilan jang qildi; mahalliy aholi g'alaba qozondi va Magellan o'ldirildi.

1565 yilda Migel Lopes de Legazpi boshchiligidagi ekspeditsiya mamlakatni Ispaniya mustamlakasi deb da'vo qilish uchun keldi. Koloniya Ispaniya valiahd shahzodasi Filipp II nomi bilan atalgan va mahalliy aholining aksariyati katoliklikni qabul qilgan. Biroq janubdagi ba'zi musulmonlar va har xil animatsion tog 'qabilalari Ispaniyaning istilosi va katoliklarning qabul qilinishiga qarshilik ko'rsatdilar.

Ispaniya hukmronligi davrida galeonlar kumushdan katta miqdordagi pullarni olib kelishgan Akapulko Manilaga va bu butun Osiyodagi savdo-sotiqqa katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Manila Galleon savdosi Meksika va boshqa Amerika qit'alari bilan aloqa o'rnatdi. Mayya va Azteklar Filippinlarga joylashdilar va Filippinlar tomonidan qabul qilingan o'z madaniyatini tanitdilar. Filippinlarga Meksika va Ispaniya katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi va arxipelag "ispanlashtirildi". Filippinliklar va boshqa osiyoliklar G'arbga ko'chish uchun Manila Galleon savdosidan foydalanganlar.

Ispaniyaning mustamlakasiga qarshi eng uzoq davom etgan qo'zg'olonni Fransisko Dagohoy boshqargan Bohol va bu 1744-1829 yillarni o'z ichiga olgan 85 yil davom etdi. Boshqa bir necha qo'zg'olonlar bo'lgan; qarang Filippin inqilobi biriga va Mindanao # tushuning janubdagi musulmonlarning qarshiliklari uchun. Ispaniya hukmronligi davrida Golland, Portugaliya va Angliya kabi Evropa kuchlari ham mamlakatni mustamlaka qilishga harakat qildilar; hech kim muvaffaqiyatga erishmadi.

Filippinlar Ispaniyaning mustamlakasi bo'lib, 300 yil davomida 1899 yilgacha Ispaniya tomonidan Amerika-Ispaniya urushidan keyin Ispaniya tomonidan AQShga berilgunga qadar saqlanib qoldi.

Amerika va yapon istilosi

Filippinliklar 1898 yilda mustaqilligini e'lon qildilar va taslim bo'lish Filippinni bosib olguncha, shafqatsiz yetti yil davomida Amerika istilosiga qarshi turdilar.

Urush AQShda ancha tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi va taniqli yozuvchilar har ikki tomonning og'irligini tortishdi. Tug'ilgan Ryudyard Kipling, ingliz Hindiston va imperiya foydasiga, Amerikani bunga undadi "Oq odamning yukini ko'taring" Mark Tven yozgan "Qo'shma Shtatlar Filippinlar uchun kambag'al eskirgan eski Ispaniyaga 20 000 000 dollar to'lagan. Bu shunchaki bu davlat yaxshi jamiyat yo'lini sotib olish holati edi ... amerikalik merosxo'r Dyuk yoki Erlni sotib olgani kabi. Yaxshi eshitilmoqda, ammo barchasi shu."

Amerikaning mavjudligi hozirgacha saqlanib qoldi Ikkinchi jahon urushi Yaponiya Filippinni bosib olganida. Chekinayotgan amerikalik general Duglas Makartur mashhur "Men qaytaman" deb va'da bergan va keyinroq urushda shunday qilgan. Yodgorlik mavjud Leyte oroli u qaerga tushgan va butun mamlakat bo'ylab urush davridagi boshqa xarobalar yoki yodgorliklar; Koron halokatga sho'ng'ish bilan mashhur, chunki AQSh dengiz kuchlari 1944 yilda u erda bir qator yapon kemalarini cho'ktirgan.

1946 yil 4-iyulda Filippinlarga AQSh tomonidan mustaqillik berildi va Osiyoda mustamlaka kuchidan mustaqillikka erishgan birinchi mamlakat bo'ldi. AQSh 1990-yillarning boshlariga qadar, ayniqsa, Subic Naval Base-da muhim harbiy mavjudligini davom ettirdi Zambales va Klark aviabazasi yilda Anjeles Siti. Ikkalasi ham juda muhim edi Vetnam urushi.

Mustaqillikdan keyingi davr

1960 yillarga qadar Filippin Osiyoda Yaponiyadan keyin eng rivojlangan mamlakat sifatida keng tarqalgan. Bir necha o'n yillik buzuq diktator tomonidan qilingan tartibsizlik Ferdinand Markos keyin mamlakatni chuqur qarzga botirdi. Qashshoqlik keng tarqaldi va rivojlanish uchun infratuzilma juda etishmayotgan edi. 1986 yilda Xalq hokimiyati qo'zg'oloni EDSA inqilobi deb nomlangan davrda Markos hukumatini ag'dardi. Uning o'rnini egalladi Corazon Aquino, o'ldirilgan oppozitsiya etakchisining bevasi, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, kichik

20-asr oxirida korruptsiya mamlakatning asosiy muammolaridan biri edi. 1997 yilgi Osiyo moliyaviy inqirozida mamlakat ozgina azob chekdi; bu prezident Jozef Estradani ag'dargan ikkinchi EDSA qo'zg'oloniga olib keldi; vitse-prezident Gloriya Makapagal-Arroyo (sobiq prezidentlardan birining qizi) uning o'rnini egalladi. 2010 yilda uning vakolat muddati tugagandan so'ng, Corazon va Benigno Aquino o'g'li, kichik Benigno Aquino III (taxallusi "Noynoy" va "Pnoy") prezident etib saylandi.

2016 yil o'rtalarida yangi prezident saylandi, Rodrigo Duterte. U shahar hokimi bo'lgan Davaova 1990-yillarda ushbu shaharni qiynagan to'dalar urushini tozalash orqali "jazolashchi" laqabini oldi. Tanqidchilarning ta'kidlashicha, u buni asosan politsiya va hushyorlarni to'da a'zolarini sudsiz qatl etishga undash orqali qilgan. Prezidentlik kampaniyasida u korruptsiya va giyohvand moddalar savdosini tozalashga va'da berdi (ayniqsa shabu, mamlakatdagi jiddiy muammo bo'lgan kristal metamfetamin uchun mahalliy atama) va tanqidchilar endi uni shu kabi taktikalarni butun mamlakat bo'ylab ishlatishda ayblamoqda. G'arb OAV manbalari u prezident bo'lganidan beri bir oy ichida 1000 ga yaqin odam o'lganini aytmoqda, ammo bu raqamlar aniq emas va shubhasiz. 2016 yil 30 sentyabrda Duterte Gitlerning Holokostiga taqlid qilib, mamlakatda 3 million giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qiluvchilar va sotuvchilarni yo'q qilish istagini bildirdi, shuning uchun qotilliklarni u o'z lavozimida bo'lganida davom etadi deb taxmin qilish mumkin. G'arbning ko'plab qoralashlariga qaramay, Duterte filippinliklar orasida mashhur bo'lib qolmoqda, ularning aksariyati har kuni giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish bilan shug'ullanadiganlar va zo'ravonlik darajasidagi jinoyatchilik bilan shug'ullanishdan charchagan va Dutertening ushbu muammolarni hal qilishdagi harakatlarini qadrlashadi.

Iqtisodiy jabhada ishlar asta-sekin yaxshilanmoqda, ammo Filippinlar hali ham qashshoq mamlakat. Filippin statistika idorasi ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2018 yilda filippinliklarning 16,6% daromadlari asosiy daromadlarini qondirish uchun etarli bo'lmagan oziq-ovqat va nooziq-ovqat mahsulotlari ehtiyojlar. Bu oylik daromadi kamroq degani ₱10,727 besh kishilik oila uchun. 5.2% Filippinliklarning daromadlari shunchaki oddiy ehtiyojlarni qondirish uchun etarli emas edi ovqat ehtiyojlar, masalan. besh kishidan kam bo'lgan oila uchun oylik daromad ₱7,528. Ushbu ko'rsatkichlar 2015 yildan beri mos ravishda 23,3% va 9,1% dan yaxshilandi.

Filippinda o'sish sust. Asosiy eksportlardan biri bu ishchi kuchi: Filippinliklarning taxminan 10% i chet elda yoki immigrant sifatida, yoki pudratchi ishchi sifatida yashashadi va ushbu odamlar tomonidan o'tkazilgan pul o'tkazmalari mamlakat YaIMning 10% dan ortig'ini tashkil qiladi.

Odamlar

Filippin aholisi 2015 yilda 100 million kishidan oshib, mamlakatni Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda Indoneziyadan keyin ikkinchi, Osiyodan sakkizinchi o'rinni egallab, Yaponiyani ortda qoldirdi. Aholi shunga o'xshash mintaqalarda to'plangan Metro Manila, Markaziy Luzon, Kalabarzonva Sebu. Aholining aksariyati qirg'oq bo'yida joylashgan bo'lib, tog'li hududlar juda kam joylashtirilgan.

Filippinliklar - bu 175 dan ortiq etnik guruhlar va qabilalardan kelib chiqqan, asosan til bilan belgilanadigan va asosan, ko'p madaniyatli xalq Avstronesiyalik kelib chiqishi. Din nuqtai nazaridan filippinliklar aksariyat xristianlardir, ular orasida musulmon va animist ozchiliklar mavjud. Savdo, mustamlaka va globallashuv, shuningdek, Filippin madaniy va etnik mozaikasini boyitadigan immigratsion aholini olib keldi; Xitoy, arab, ispan, evropa va amerika aralashmalariga ega bo'lgan ko'plab filippinliklar mavjud,

Filippinning eng yirik etnik guruhlari Tagaloglar (24,4%), Visayanlar (11,4%), Sebuanos (9,9%), Ilocanos (8,8%), Hiligaynon yoki Ilonggos (8,4%), Bicolanos (6,8%) va Waray (4%). Qolgan 26,3% aholi musulmon filippinlik (moro) etnik guruhlarga, Kapampangan, Pangasinens, Ibanag, Ivatan va yana yuzlab etnik guruhlarga, shuningdek, mahalliy aholi va muhojirlarga boradi. Igorot of the kabi mahalliy aholi Luzon kordillerasi, Mangyan Mindoro, Lumad of Mindanaova turli Negrito (Aeta/Ati/Ita) arxipelag bo'ylab tarqalgan qabilalar aholining taxminan 3% ni tashkil qiladi.

Immigrantlar Filippin aholisining taxminan 1-2 foizini tashkil qiladi, ularning eng kattasi Filippin xitoylari (~ 2 million). Filippinlarga ko'chib kelgan xitoyliklarning aksariyati Fujiangarchi xitoylik muhojirlar oldingi mustamlaka va mustamlaka davrlarida bo'lganlar. Ko'pgina filippinlik xitoylar o'zga millatga ega bo'lib, asosiy filippinlik madaniyatiga singib ketgan, filippinliklar bilan turmush qurgan va muvaffaqiyatli biznes firmalariga rahbarlik qilgan. Boshqa yirik immigratsion aholi amerikaliklar, hindular, arablar, yaponlar, inglizlar, koreyslar, indoneziyaliklar va ispanlardir.

Madaniyat

Filippin Sharq va G'arbni birlashtirgan turli madaniyatga ega; mahalliy urf-odatlar, xitoylik urf-odatlar, ispan dindorligi, makismo va romantikasi, g'arb ideallari va ommabop madaniyatining noyob aralashmasini topasiz. Bitta filippin madaniyati yo'q o'z-o'zidan, lekin yuzdan ortiq etnik va mintaqaviy madaniyatlar mavjud; boshqa mintaqaga, orolga yoki viloyatga borganingizda mahalliy madaniyatdagi yovvoyi o'zgarishlarga tayyor bo'ling.

Filippinlik xususiyatlari ko'plab madaniyatlarning birlashmasidir. Filippinliklar mashhur bayanihan yoki qarindoshlik va do'stlik ruhi ularning avstronesiyalik ajdodlaridan olingan. Ular juda yaqin oilaviy aloqalarni kuzatadilar. Rim katolikligi xristian e'tiqodini arxipelag bo'ylab tarqatish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan ispanlardan kelib chiqqan. Ispanlar nasroniylikni joriy qilishdi va Filippinlarning aksariyat qismini qabul qilishda muvaffaqiyat qozonishdi; bugungi kunda kamida 80% katolikdir. Filippin - Osiyoning aksariyati Rim-katolik aholisiga ega bo'lgan ikkita mamlakatdan biri (ikkinchisi) Sharqiy Timor).

Mehmondo'stlikning chinakam va sof ifodasi filippinliklarga xos xususiyatdir, ayniqsa, qishloqda istiqomat qiladiganlar, ular dastlab juda uyatchan bo'lib tuyulishi mumkin, ammo ularning tabassumlarida ko'rinib turganidek, saxiy ruhga ega. Filippinliklarning o'ziga xos xususiyati bo'lgan mehmondo'stlik bu odamlarni Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda afsonaviy qiladi. Filippin xonadonlarida mehmonlar ko'pincha royalti kabi muomala qilishadi. Bu favqulodda vaziyatlarda, hatto virtual musofirlarni ham kutib olishganda va uydagilarning hammasida ham emas, balki ziyofatda qatnashishga ruxsat berilganda aniq ko'rinadi. Ba'zida bu mehmondo'stlik xatoga yo'l qo'yadi. Ba'zi uy xo'jaliklari o'zlarining jamg'armalarini o'zlarining qurbonlik qurbonliklari uchun sarflaydilar, hatto ba'zida faqat stollarida dabdabali taomlar bo'lish uchun qarzga botadilar. Ular keyingi yilni ushbu qarzlarni to'lash va keyingi fiestaga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun sarflaydilar. Qanday bo'lmasin, kamdan-kam hollarda siz o'z mehmonlari bilan uchrashishdan zavqlanadigan bunday mehmondo'st odamlarni topishingiz mumkin. Ehtimol, Ispaniya bilan uzoq muddatli aloqalari tufayli filippinliklar hissiy va hayotga ehtirosli bo'lib, osiyoliklarga qaraganda lotin tilida ko'rinadi.

Filippin madaniyatidagi lotin mahoratiga e'tibor berish sayyohlar uchun o'ziga xos tuyulishi mumkin. Filippinning asosiy madaniyati Osiyodagi boshqa mamlakatlar bilan taqqoslaganda ancha ispan va sirtdan g'arbiylashgan. Ammo, baribir, filippinliklar asosan avstronesiyaliklar va g'arbiy tuyulgan qoplama ostida tubanlik va ispanlarga qadar bo'lgan ko'plab munosabat va fikrlash uslublari hali ham sezilib turadi.

Filippinliklar bugungi kunda ingliz tilini yaxshi biladigan osiyoliklar orasida etakchilik qilmoqda va ingliz tili ko'pchilikning ikkinchi tili va ozchiliklarning ona tili sifatida qaralmoqda. Filippinliklarga ingliz tilini o'rgatish Amerika ishg'oliga tegishli edi. 3 millionga yaqin kishi ispan tilida, shu jumladan Ispaniyada joylashgan kreol Chavakano bilan gaplashadi. Ba'zi maktablarda ispan tili fakultativ til sifatida qayta tiklandi.

Siyosat

Filippin hukumati asosan siyosiy tizimiga asoslangan Qo'shma Shtatlar. Filippin prezidenti to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xalq tomonidan saylanadi va u ham davlat rahbari, ham hukumat rahbari sifatida xizmat qiladi. Prezident har olti yilda saylanadi va faqat bitta muddatni boshqarishi mumkin.

Siyosiy tizim ko'p partiyaviy tizimga amal qiladi. Milliy siyosiy maydonda to'qqizta siyosiy partiya hukmronlik qilmoqda, markazchi-chapchi, federalist PDP-Laban (Partido Demokratiko Pilipino - Lakas ng Bayan), neoliberal Liberal partiya va markaz-o'ng Birlashgan Millatchilik Ittifoqi (UNA) hukmronlik qilmoqda. 2016 yildan beri. Shuningdek, Kongressda kichik partiyalar va viloyatlarda unchalik ahamiyatga ega bo'lmagan mintaqaviy partiyalar mavjud. Mahalliy hokimiyatdagi aksariyat lavozimlarda yirik partiyalar ham ustunlik qiladi.

Qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyat - ikki palatali kongress bo'lib, u quyi palatadan tashkil topgan Kinatawan va boshqa kompaniyalar (Vakillar palatasi) va yuqori palata sifatida tanilgan Senado (Senat). Ikkala palata ham to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xalq tomonidan saylanadi. Mamlakat quyi palata saylovi uchun saylov okruglariga bo'lingan, yuqori palata esa butun mamlakat tomonidan mutanosib vakillik asosida saylanadi.

Siyosatda katta, qudratli oilalar hukmronlik qiladi, u erda lavozimlar bir oila a'zosidan boshqasiga o'tadi, ammo bu 2019 yilgi saylovlardan beri asta-sekin o'zgarib bormoqda. Korruptsiya keng tarqalgan bo'lib qolmoqda, ayniqsa padrino Filippin siyosiy arenasida ochiq sir bo'lgan tizim. Padrino ko'pincha "Cho'qintirgan ota" deb tarjima qilinadi va tizim keng homiylik va qarindoshlikni o'z ichiga oladi. Aksariyat demokratik davlatlarda bo'lgani kabi siyosiy namoyishlar keng tarqalgan va siyosiy zo'ravonlik, ayniqsa, raqobatdosh oilalar to'qnashganda, ba'zan hatto bir-birlarini o'ldirishga qadar bo'lgan saylov davrida ham tashvishga solmoqda.

Din

Ispaniyaliklar katoliklikni deyarli hamma joyda qilishgan, cherkov hanuzgacha juda ta'sirli va Filippin asrlar davomida Osiyodagi asosan nasroniy va katoliklardan iborat bo'lgan eng yirik mamlakat bo'lib kelgan. Shu bilan birga, asrlar davomida musulmon aholisi ham ko'p bo'lgan, protestant missionerlari faol bo'lgan va bir necha protestant mazhablari hozirgi kunda mamlakatda yaxshi tashkil topgan va boshqa Osiyo dinlarini ham ozgina izdoshlari bor.

Filippin nafaqat Osiyodagi eng yirik nasroniy davlat, balki dunyodagi uchinchi yirik Rim-katolik davlatidir. Rim-katolik e'tiqodi uch yuz yillik ispan mustamlakachiligining yagona merosi bo'lib qolmoqda. Katoliklik hali ham Filippinda juda jiddiy qabul qilinadi. Massa metropoldagi eng katta soborlardan tortib qishloqdagi eng kichik cherkov cherkovlariga qadar olomonni jalb qiladi. Muqaddas hafta davomida ko'pchilik televidenie stantsiyalari yopiladi yoki faqat cheklangan soatlarda ishlaydi va ishlaydigan diniy dasturlar ishlaydi.

Katolik cherkovi, hatto davlat ishlari kabi diniy bo'lmagan ishlarga ham ozgina ta'sir qiladi. Mores asta-sekin o'zgarib bormoqda, ammo; Filippinliklar Rim-katolik doktrinasida ilgari taqiqlangan masalalarni, masalan, sun'iy tug'ilishni nazorat qilish, nikohdan oldin jinsiy aloqa va nikoh va'dalarini bekor qilish kabi masalalarni asta-sekin qabul qilmoqda.

Eng katta diniy ozchilik Musulmon Asosan yashaydigan filippinliklar (Moros) Mindanao mamlakatning shimoliy va markaziy qismlarida Manila, Baguio yoki Sebu kabi shaharlarda tobora ko'payib bormoqda. The Musulmon Mindanaodagi avtonom viloyat (ARMM) ba'zilariga qisman o'zini o'zi boshqarish huquqini beradi. Ular aholining taxminan 5 foizini tashkil qiladi. Islom dini Filippindagi doimiy qadimgi uyushgan din bo'lib, milodiy 12 asrda birinchi dinni qabul qilgan. Islom shu qadar muhim kuchga aylandiki, XVI asrda Ispaniya kelgan paytda Manila musulmonlar shahri edi. Ushbu islomiy o'tmishning ko'p jihatlari ma'lum bir madaniy xususiyatlardan ko'rinib turibdi, aksariyat xristian filippinliklar hanuzgacha namoyish qilmoqdalar (ovqatlanish va gigiena odob-axloq qoidalari kabi) va Filippin madaniyatining erish qozoniga qo'shilishdi. Filippin armiyasi va "Abu Sayyaf" va "Moro Islomiy Ozodlik fronti" singari bo'linib ketgan jangari islom tashkilotlari o'rtasidagi terroristik hujumlar va zo'ravon qarama-qarshiliklar mamlakatning janubiy qishloq joylaridagi musulmon va musulmon bo'lmagan filippinliklar o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni keskinlashtirdi. Biroq, Filippinlik musulmonlar Islomni talqin qilishda ancha erkinroq va Indoneziya musulmonlari singari, odatda Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodan tashqarida bo'lgan musulmonlarga qaraganda jinsi ajratish yoki hijob (parda) kabi masalalarda erkinroq.

Aholining 3 foizini tashkil etuvchi hind filippinlari, xitoy filipinlari va yapon filippinlari asosan hindu, sikx, buddist, sinto va daoistlardir. Ushbu aholi Ispaniya hukmronligidan bir necha asrlar ilgari mamlakatda bo'lgan va buddistlik va hindulik e'tiqodi va madaniyatining ko'p jihatlari nasroniy yoki musulmon filippinliklarning asosiy madaniyatiga singib ketgan.

Filippindagi ko'p narsalarda bo'lgani kabi, din ham rasmiy statistik ma'lumotlarga ko'ra aniq va aniq emas, aksariyat nasroniylar va musulmonlar mahalliy ma'naviy jihatlarga amal qiladilar va ishonadilar (masalan, tabiiy xudolarga hurmat va ajdodlarga sig'inish, shuningdek mavjudlik ba'zi hollarda o'z dinlarining pravoslav qoidalariga zid bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan sehr-jodu va tabiblar).

Iqlim

Iqlim tropikva o'rtacha harorat 25 ° C (77 ° F) dan 32 ° C (90 ° F) gacha, namlik esa o'rtacha 77 foizni tashkil qiladi. Filippinlar ko'pincha faqat ikki mavsumga ega deb ta'riflanadi, ammo mamlakatning shimoliy qismida aslida uchta mavjud:

• The quruq mavsum odatda noyabrdan maygacha davom etadi va mamlakatning ba'zi joylarida, ayniqsa ekvatordan shimol tomon taxminan 12 daraja, salqin va issiq davrga bo'linishi mumkin:
  • The salqin quruq mavsum noyabrdan fevralgacha davom etadi, yanvar oyining o'rtalaridan fevral oyining oxiriga qadar eng salqin vaqtlar. Harorat tog'larda salqinroq, ammo hatto pasttekisliklarda ham shimoliy-sharqiy musson (20 ° C) dan past harorat bo'lishi mumkin (amihan) Sibirdan portlash kuchli, shuning uchun bu paytlarda, ayniqsa tunda yurganingizda, kozok yoki yengil ko'ylagi olib keling. Ushbu mavsum tashrif buyurish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt, ob-havo quruqroq, lekin parvozlar, qayiq va parom sayohatlari, avtobuslar va turar joylar, ayniqsa Rojdestvo va Yangi yil mavsumida qimmat va qiyin bo'ladi.
  • The issiq quruq mavsum (yoz, martdan maygacha) eng issiq oylardir. Mamlakat shilimshiq bo'lib, havo harorati 40 ° C (104 ° F) gacha ko'tarilib, 50-60 ° C (122-140 ° F) issiqlik ko'rsatkichlari juda kam uchraydi, ayniqsa Luzon kabi ichki hududlarda. Kabanatuan va Tuguegarao. Plyajlarga borish uchun harorat juda istalgan, ammo diqqatga sazovor joylarni ko'rish uchun yaxshi emas. Ushbu mavsumda parvozlar, paromlar, avtobuslar yoki turar joylar narxi, ayniqsa Muqaddas haftada osmonga ko'tariladi va talab katta bo'lganligi sababli bron qilish qiyin.
• The yomg'irli mavsum iyun oyida boshlanadi va kuchli tayfunlar bilan oktyabrgacha davom etadi. Bu janubi-g'arbiy musson (habagat) zarbalari, bu esa ushbu mavsumni xarakterlaydigan yomg'ir yog'diradi.

Ekvatorning shimolidan 12 darajagacha shimoliy joylar umuman tropik iqlimga ega, albatta quruq va nam bo'lib, oylar o'rtacha 20 ° C (68 ° F) dan pastga tushmaydi. Quruq mavsum odatda noyabrdan maygacha davom etadi; iyun oyidan oktyabrgacha nam mavsum. There are some possible exceptions, especially in the rainier eastern parts of the country (e.g. Bicol, Samar va Leyte islands), where the seasons are reversed: October to April are the rainiest and coolest, with May to September the driest.

Locations exposed directly to the Pacific Ocean have frequent rainfall all year. This includes the town of Pagsanjan south-east of Manila (though the famous falls around it will get you wet regardless). Bagio, branded as the summer capital of the Philippines, tends to be cooler due to its being located in mountainous regions with temperatures at night going below 20 °C (68 °F). During summer, the country experiences droughts, sometimes with extreme conditions, from about March to May.

Weather in the Philippines is changeable, and as anywhere in the tropics, it can be sunny, rainy, or cool within a few minutes. In the mountains or in Luzon, the mercury can suddenly drop below 20 °C (68 °F) during the cool months, and in the Cordilleras (including Bagio), it can frost (but it doesn't snow). When the rain pours or the cool amihan blows, you're at high risk for the flu. Have a raincoat, umbrella, or light jacket ready depending on the season!

Bayramlar

Christmas: The Filipino way A Christmas Parol Most Filipinos are devoutly Catholic; Christmas is celebrated from September till Epiphany. Go and have Nochebuena with a Filipino family; Filipinos don't mind strangers eating with them in their dining table as this is customary during fiestas. Try out hamon (Christmas ham) and queso de bola (Edam cheese). Caroling is widely practiced by the youth around the Philippines; they'll appreciate if you give them at least ₱5-10. Don't miss the Misa de Gallo and the nine-day Simbang Gabi (Night Mass). This tradition was passed down from the Spaniards; the Masses are usually held either at midnight or before dawn. After these Masses, Filipinos eat kakanin (rice cakes) and bibingka (rice pancakes), sold outside churches, and drink tsokolate (hot chocolate), or eat champorado (rice porridge with hot chocolate). Parols (Star of Bethlehem lanterns) are hanged in front of houses, commercial establishments and streets. A Giant Lantern Festival is held in San-Fernando, Pampanga. Belens or Nativity scenes are displayed in city halls and/or commercial establishments. This is an experience one shouldn't miss if one is travelling in the Philippines. Qarang Christmas and New Year in the Philippines tafsilotlar uchun.

The Philippines is a multicultural country having Christian, Muslim and Buddhist holidays in addition to secular holidays. The year is welcomed by New Year's Day on 1 Jan. Being a predominantly Catholic country means observing the traditional Catholic holidays of Maundy Thursday (Huwebes Santo), Good Friday (Biyernes Santo yoki Mahal na Araw) va Easter Sunday (Araw ng Pagkabuhay) during Holy Week (Semana Santa). Davomida Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor), Boy Scouts re-enact the Bataan Death March every 2 years in honor of this day that is also known as Bataan Day; they march as long as 102 km (63 mi), and the Bataan Death March was part of the Battle of Bataan which was also part of the Battle of the Philippines. The Bataan Death March was a 102 km (63 mi) march and the people who participated in this march were captured, tortured and murdered. All Saints Day (Undas) is on 1 Nov and All Souls Day on 2 Nov. In recognition of the Muslim Filipino community, the Islamic feast of Eid-Al-Fitr (Hari Raya Puasa) held after the holy fasting month of Ramazon, is also a national holiday. This day changes year by year, as it follows the Islamic lunar calendar. Xitoy Yangi Yili is also celebrated by the Chinese community but dates vary according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Secular holidays include Ishchilar kuni (1 May) and Mustaqillik kuni (12 Jun). The last Monday of August is declared National Heroes Day. Some holidays also commemorate national heroes such as Jose Rizal (31 Dec) and Andres Bonifacio (30 Nov) as well as Ninoy Aquino (21 Aug) Christmas is ubiquitously celebrated on 25 Dec.

Major holiday seasons are Holy Week (Semana Santa, or Easter break), the three-day period including All Saints' Day (Undas, also a semestral vacation period for most schools) and Christmas va New Year. During these periods, the country takes a week off for locals to head home for the provinces. They are the times where Metro Manila and other metropolises have no traffic jams, yet the congestion moves to the provinces, with snarls stretching kilometers at expressways being not uncommon, and finding flights, buses or boats being near-to-impossible. Nevertheless, Holy Week and Christmas season are also peak season for beachgoing, and highland cities like Bagio va Tagaytay get the most visitors during those periods.

Dates

• New Year's Day (Bagong Taon): 1 Jan
• Chinese New Year: varies according to Chinese lunar calendar
• Maundy Thursday (Huwebes Santo): varies
• Good Friday (Biyernes Santo, Mahal na Araw): varies
• Easter Sunday (Araw ng Pagkabuhay): varies
• Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor): 9 Apr
• Labor Day (Araw ng mga Manggagawa yoki Mayo Uno): 1 May
• Independence Day (Araw ng Kalayaan): 12 Jun
• Ninoy Aquino Day: 21 Aug
• National Heroes Day: Last Monday of August
• All Saints Day (Undas, Todos los Santos, Araw ng mga Patay): 1 Nov
• All Souls Day: 2 Nov
• Eid'l Fitr (Hari Raya Puasa): varies according to Islamic lunar calendar
• Eid'l Adha: varies according to Islamic lunar calendar
• Bonifacio Day: 30 Nov
• Feast of the Immaculate Conception: 8 Dec
• Christmas Eve: 24 Dec
• Christmas Day (Pasko): 25 Dec
• Rizal Day: 30 Dec
• New Year's Eve: 31 Dec

Bayramlar

Month	Festival	Place
Yanvar	Ati-Atihan	Kalibo
	Sinulog	Sebu
	Dinagyang	Iloilo
fevral	Panagbenga	Bagio
	Kaamulan	Bukidnon
Mart	Paraw Regatta	Iloiloand Guimaras
	Pintados de Passi	Passi, Iloilo
	Araw ng Dabaw	Davao
Aprel	Moriones	Marinduque
May	Magayon	Albay
	Pahiyas	Lucban
	Sanduguan	Calapan
Iyun	Pintados-Kasadyaan & Sangyaw	Tacloban
Iyul	T'nalak	Koronadal
Avgust	Kadayawan	Davao shahri
Sentyabr	Peñafrancia	Naga
Oktyabr	MassKara	Bacolod
Noyabr	Zamboanga Hermosa (Feast of Our Lady of the Pilar)	Zamboanga City
Dekabr	Binirayan	San Jose, Antique

Vaqt

The Philippines spans UTC time zone 8 (Philippine Standard Time or PST), which also covers Western Australia, central parts of Indonesia, Taiwan, all of China, Mongolia, and part of Russia (Siberia). As a tropical country, the Philippines does not observe daylight savings time.

The 12-hour clock is commonly used in both written and spoken form, while the 24-hour clock is more commonly used in some modes of transport and other specialist fields, e.g. ferry and flight schedules use the 24-hour clock.

Madaniyat

The culture of the Philippines is very diverse. There is the native Melanesian and Austronesian culture, which is most evident in language, ethnicity, native architecture, food and dances. There is also some influence from Arabia, China, India and Borneo. On top of that there is heavy colonial Hispanic influence from Mexico and Spain, such as in Religion, food, dance, language, festivals, architecture and ethnicity. Later influence from the U.S. can also be seen in the culture.

O'qing

Filipino literature is a mix of Indian sagas, folk tales, and traces of Western influence. Classical books are written in Spanish as well as in Tagalog, but to this day most of Filipino literature is written in English. The Philippines, thus, is a multi-cultural country with its roots stretching from Asia to Europe and to the Americas.

History, documentary

• Red Revolution by Gregg R. Jones (ISBN 0813306442 ) - Documentary about the guerrilla movement; New People's Army (NPA), in the Philippines.
• In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines by Stanley Karnow (ISBN 0345328167 ) - Shares the story of European and American colonization in the archipelago as well as the restoration of democracy after the overthrew of Marcos.

Literature

• Noli Me Tangere by José Rizal
• El Filibusterismo by José Rizal
• Dekada '70 by Lualhati Bautista (ISBN 9711790238 ) - A story about a middle class Filipino family that struggled to fight with other Filipinos during the martial law during the time of Marcos.
• The Day the Dancers Came by Bienvenido Santos
• Amazing Archipelago by John-Eric Taburada

Tomosha qiling

The Filipino film industry is suffering because of its main rival, the Western film industry. In this 21st century only 40 films are produced each year; down from 200-300 films a year in the 1990s.

• Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Festival
• Cinemanila International Film Festival
• Metro Manila Film Festival — held annually during the Christmas season, showcasing local films released during the festival month.

Listen

Filipino music combines Asian, Western, Hispanic and indigenous influences, and is heavily influenced by Western pop music. Modern Filipino music is called original Pinoy music (OPM), and songs are usually written in Tagalog or English.

Traditional Filipino songs such as kundiman (nostalgic/poetic songs) are still held dearly by the population but are slowly losing influence among the younger generations.

Check out pop and rock groups such as The Eraserheads, Spongecola, Parokya ni Edgar, Gary Valenciano, Side A and Apo Hiking Society and Morisette Amon.

Pinoy Pop (PPop) is now increasing its popularity. That genre is inspired by Korean Pop or KPop. Check out the boy groups Alamat, SB19 and BGYO.

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Tagalog phrasebook

"Philippine English" English in the Philippines is largely based on American English, but there are a few terms and expressions peculiar to the local dialect of English, including many borrowings or translations of words in the Philippine languages and some local coinages, senses and slang. Some "Philippine English" words you may encounter are: Jipni - a type of transportation unique to the Philippines, and very common Tricycle - local three-wheeled transport Adidas (not capitalized) - chicken feet, similar to the Chinese dish but a bit different. Named after the brand of shoe for its association with feet. Apir - (from up here) high five Brownout - a blackout or power outage Comfort room (often abbreviated as CR) - toilet/restroom/water closet (WC) Commute - to take public transportation or travel without a car Course - in higher education, this can either refer to individual subjects (used mainly by faculty, academics or school officials) or an entire degree program (used mainly by students or outsiders) Entertain - to attend to someone else, particularly for transactions Hand-carry - carry-on luggage High-blood - angered easily or short-tempered Load - remaining balance or prepaid credits on a cell phone; re-load means to refill or top-up current balance Napkin - tampons; female sanitary pads Nosebleed – (adjective) unable to understand or comprehend English due to strong foreign accents Ped xing (on highway warning signs) - pedestrian crossing Ref - short for refrigerator; fridge refers to the freezer part Rotunda - roundabout, traffic circle, or circular intersection. Borrowed from Spanish through Philippine languages Slang - any strong of foreign English accent. Often used on foreigners or Filipinos brought up in Western countries. Slippers – flip-flops Tissue - usually refers to toilet paper or table napkins Unli - short form for "unlimited"; many menu items include "unli-rice" English words has been borrowed into the Philippine languages and may be spelled more phonetically. Bunga misollar kiradi traysikel (tricycle) and pulis (police); both are pronounced much like the English words (through the former is more commonly spelled in its original spelling). Dates are pronounced differently in Philippine English, with the day number pronounced using the cardinal number, so for example, June 12 (Independence Day in the Philippines) is pronounced "June twelve". "June twelfth" is also understood, but is often viewed as a formal, posh or foreign pronunciation.

The Philippines has two official languages: Ingliz tili va Filippin. Both are used in education and most Filipinos speak at least some of both, though proficiency in either vary quite widely.

Filippin, the national language, is a standardized version of Tagalogcha, the language spoken around Metro Manila and much of southern and central Luzon. There are also dialects spoken in the southern Tagalog provinces, the most notable being the Batangas dialect with the catchy interjection ala eh and its vocabulary that continues to use words considered obsolete in most Tagalog dialects. While most Filipinos speak Tagalog, it can be seen as an inflammatory symbol of Tagalog "imperialism"; some Visayans still resent the elevation of Tagalog as the national language Filipino.

The Philippines has over 100 native languages, scattered throughout the country's regions and islands, though only a few regions and provinces have formally designated any of them as official or co-official (e.g. Ilocano is official in La Union). They are sometimes incorrectly referred to as “dialects” of Tagalog/Filipino, and some others (e.g. Karay-a in Panay) are sometimes treated as dialects of another native language with more speakers. Some of the other major indigenous languages of the Philippines aside from Tagalog are:

The Visayan languages (Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray and others) are spoken in the Visayas and most of Mindanao:

• Cebuano (also called Bisaya) is spoken in Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental, and much of Mindanao
• Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) is spoken in Iloilo, Negros Occidental, Guimaras and the SOCCSKSARGEN region of Mindanao
• Waray is spoken in the Samar and Leyte
• Tausug is spoken in Sulu

• Ilocano (also called Iloco) is the most commonly spoken language in northern Luzon, including Ilocos viloyati, Cordilleras va Cagayan Valley.
• Bikol languages (or Bicolano) are spoken in Bicol at the southeast tip of Luzon, and are known for wild variation between dialects; neighboring cities and towns may even have mutually unintelligible dialects.
• Kapampangan, which is more closely related to the indigenous languages of Zambales than to Tagalog, is spoken mainly in the provinces of Pampanga and southern Tarlac. Kapampangan sounds like a Tagalog dialect, but it has a vocabulary and grammar that makes it a distinct language from Tagalog.
• Chavacano, a Spanish-based creole mixing elements of Spanish and Austronesian languages, is spoken by in Zamboanga City, Basilan (shu jumladan Isabela City), and parts of coastal Kavit. While most of its vocabulary is from Spanish, the two are not mutually intelligible.

With the exception of Chavacano, most languages of the Philippines are part of the Austronesian languages, and are related to Malay, Indonesian, and most of the languages of the Pacific islands to most degree, and a speaker of any of them can recognize cognates. Many are heavily influenced by foreign languages like Spanish and English; most have loanwords from those, especially Spanish. Place names may follow Spanish spelling conventions (e.g. Tanjay, which is pronounced tan-high), and many are written using the Latin alphabet.

Ingliz tili is an official language of the Philippines and is a compulsory subject in all schools. Most Filipinos of all ages speak English at varying degrees of fluency, and a few Filipinos consider English as their first language. You can get around with only English in most large cities and tourist areas, but having a basic grasp of Tagalog or a regional language is useful once you head into the provinces, as English proficiency is limited there. There is no single accent of English in the Philippines, but there are characteristic accents influenced by the speaker's mother tongue, such as the interchanging of e bilan men va o bilan siz by speakers of Visayan languages when speaking in English. Strong accents associated with foreigners or expatriate Filipinos are often perceived as "slang" or posh by locals. Furthermore, more affluent Filipinos are generally discouraged from speaking English to less affluent ones (an exception is when going to parts of the Visayas where English is usually preferred over Tagalog-based Filipino).

Code-switching between English or any Philippine language is common, resulting in mixes like Taglish (Tagalog and English) and Bislish (Bisaya/Cebuano and English). Mixing of languages within a conversation or even a sentence is common, though it is discouraged by formal language teachers. An example of code-switching is shown below:

Ingliz tili: Qalaysiz?I'm ok.

Tagalogcha: Kumusta ka na?Mabuti naman ako

Taglish: How are you na?Ok naman ako.

Ispaniya is no longer widely spoken, though many Spanish words survive in the local languages, and there are still up to half a million people who speak Spanish to varying degrees of fluency.

Other ethnic groups have brought new languages to the country, particularly in more urbanized areas like Manila. Ethnic Chinese brought along with them regional dialects like Xokkien, Cantonese and Mandarin; there is also a local variety of Hokkien called "Lan-nang" which is influenced by the Philippine languages, and Mandarin is also taught as an elective in schools. Korean and Japanese can be encountered in parts of large cities.

Filipino Sign Language (FSL) is the official sign language. It is the mutually intelligible with American Sign Language but not with British Sign Language, Auslan or other sign languages.

Many Filipinos speak multiple languages.

Foreign films and television programs (including English-language ones) shown in free-to-air TV channels broadcasting in the local languages are usually dubbed into Tagalog ("Tagalized"), with subtitles provided for any dialogue not dubbed. Foreign serials and films shown exclusively on pay-TV channels are shown in their original language unless the channel is specifically designed for dubbed shows. Films shown in cinemas are shown with original audio, and only dialogue not in English or Tagalog are subtitled in English. Newer Tagalog films are being provided with English subtitles, however, since some are being released internationally.

Topics in the Philippines  Bus travel in the Philippines  Christmas and New Year in the Philippines  Driving in the Philippines  Festivals and events in the Philippines  Filipino cuisine  National parks and protected areas of the Philippines  Filippin inqilobi  Shopping in the Philippines

Chiqinglar

As an mostly island nation separated by thousands of kilometers of seas, the Philippines is mostly reachable only by plane (even from within Southeast Asia), and while travel by sea is also available, they are limited to non-existent (and dangerous) and ports may have limited facilities for immigration and customs processing.

While Philippine bureaucracy is nowhere as cumbersome and corrupt since the end of the Marcos era, the catch is that most visitors can travel visa free or get a visa upon arrival at most ports of entry. Customs are relaxed, but the country is now strictly enforcing restrictions on bringing plants, animals, and food, and the obvious prohibitions on bringing in contraband.

Kirish talablari

Vizalar

Summary of Philippine visa policy Non-immigrant 9A: Temporary visitor visa (for tourism, business, or medical care). Valid for 30 days 9D: Foreign business visa. 9F: Student visa. 9G: Employment visa (along with Alien Employment Permit issued by the Department of Labor and Employment) TRV: Temporary resident visa SEVUA: Visa upon arrival. Valid 59 days. Immigrant 13: Quota immigrant visa 13A: Espousal visa (for foreign spouses and unmarried children of Filipino citizens) PRV: Permanent resident visa Maxsus SVEG: Investor visa Foreign retiree visa

Nationals from most countries, including all ASEAN countries, can enter the Philippines without a visa for up to 30 days, or obtain a visa on arrival for up to 59 days, as long as they have a return or onward ticket as well as passports valid for a period of at least six months beyond the period of stay. Exceptions to this rule are as listed below:

• Fuqarolari Braziliya va Isroil may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 59 days.
• Fuqarolari Gonkong va Makao - including permanent residents of Macau who hold Portuguese passports - may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 14 days.
• Nationals of the People's Republic of Xitoy traveling as tourists and holding a valid visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States or a Schengen Area state may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 7 days.
• Fuqarolari Tayvan holding passports with National ID numbers or Resident Certificate may apply for the eVisa.
• Fuqarolari Hindiston holding a valid tourist, business or resident visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States or a Schengen Area state may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 14 days.

Citizens of all other countries not listed above need to apply for a visa at a Filipino diplomatic mission prior to departure.

Temporary visitor (9A) visas valid for 30 days are straightforward to obtain for most travelers. If intending to stay beyond 30 days, you may apply for a visa extension at the Bureau of Immigration (BI) which have offices in most main cities and at Manila and Cebu airports . Extensions are granted up to a maximum of six months per time. You can keep getting visa extensions up to a stay of 3 years, after which foreign nationals wishing to stay longer must go out of the Philippines and then come back to start anew.

The 1st visa extension got within the Philippines at a BOI office is from 30 days up to 59 days and cost ₱3130. The cost of a 29-day visa extension at Cebu airport is ₱3000. You could also get a 59-day tourist visa from any Philippine embassy around the world for US$30-40, but you must go to the embassy twice as the visa take 2-3 working days to get.

If you overstay, you must pay on departure a fine of ₱1000 per month of overstay plus a ₱2020 processing fee.

Airlines may refuse to let you check in if you only have a one-way ticket to the Philippines due to immigration requirements. Cebu Pacific Air will require a printed copy of an onwards "itinerary receipt" at check in. If you want to risk not having an onwards ticket, try to check in early to allow yourself time to buy a ticket at an Internet cafe or ticket desk in the airport if the airline refuses to check you in.

If you intend to stay beyond the 3 years on a temporary visitor visa, consider applying for either a temporary resident visa (TRV), a permanent resident visa (PRV), or a quota immigrant (13) visa. This is possible if you are married to a Filipino citizen, and/or if your home country has an immigration reciprocity agreement (which if there is none, you must apply for a TRV).

Alien registration and the Balikbayan program

If you intend to stay in the Philippines beyond 59 days with anything other than a visa upon arrival or an extended temporary visitor visa, you must register for an Alien Certificate of Registration (ACR) card, which costs US$50 with an additional processing fee of ₱1000. You must provide photocopies of your passport and issued visas, a 2x2 photo, and related documentation. The card is mandatory (as an additional fee) if you apply for a foreign business, student, work, or immigrant visa, and must be renewed every year. If you damaged or lost your card, have amended personal information, or placed wrong personal details, you must pay US$20 for a replacement, with a processing fee of ₱500 (₱1000 if replacing a lost card).

In addition, if you stay at any private residence (including apartments or condominium units), you must register your abode on the barangay of residence by obtaining a Barangay Certificate of Residence within 24 hours of your arrival, but this is not required for short-term travelers.

Under the "Balikbayan Program", former Filipino citizens who have been naturalized in a foreign country may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to one year. If eligible, you must prove your previous Philippine citizenship by presenting an old Philippine passport, birth certificate, or foreign naturalization documents. However, you may not have to present these documents to the immigration officer, as usually it is sufficient to speak any Filipino language, appear Filipino, and/or show the foreign passport if it indicates that you were born in the Philippines. If your Balikbayan status is granted, the immigration officer will annotate your passport for a one-year stay. Your spouse and children may also avail themselves of the Balikbayan privilege, as long as they enter and leave the Philippines together with you. If you choose to reside permanently, you can reacquire Filipino citizenship by taking the Philippine oath of allegiance, and your children (under 18), including illegitimate or adopted children, will automatically acquire Filipino citizenship.

Arrival and customs

The Philippines fingerprints and photographs visitors upon arrival and departure as part of the immigration process. These fingerprints may make their way into the databases of other countries' authorities. Those under 18 are exempted.

You must fill up an arrival card at the port of entry and is presented to immigration, where you will provide your reason for travel and your contact details (home/hotel address, phone numbers, emails). If arriving by plane, the arrival card is in the same sheet as the customs declaration form.

Upon departure, you must fill up also a departure card, which is basically the same as the arrival card, but is a small square sheet of paper that omits the customs declaration form and contact info section.

Customs are mostly relaxed with the general restrictions on duty-free items: you can bring up to 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of alcohol, reasonable amounts of perfume, and 200 sticks (often one carton with 10 packs containing 20 sticks) of cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100 g of tobacco.

You can import or export ₱10,000, or any foreign currency equivalent to $10,000 (about ₱500,000 in 2019) without restriction, but anything in excess must be declared to customs and authorized by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). Checks above those amounts are also covered by the same rules.

The Philippines now enforces strict restrictions on bringing in any animal and plant products (in particular unprocessed fruits, vegetables, meat and fish), and you must declare any of them to both Bureau of Customs (BOC) and Department of Agriculture (DA) officials, or they will be confiscated. Processed or packaged foods are usually exempted. If you bring pets, they must be dewormed and vaccinated against rabies, and be declared to customs as well. All products from endangered species are confiscated.

You must declare also any CDs, DVDs, and electronics (including cell phones) in your checked baggage; items in carry-ons are often rarely checked, but can be subject to random inspection. Importing pornography, dangerous drugs, pirated or counterfeit goods and hazardous chemical products is prohibited. If you intend to bring firearms for certain purposes, such as recreational shooting, expect going through paperwork to secure a Permit to Carry and additional permits.

Illegal drugs: visitors and transiting passengers must expect hefty fines for carrying small amounts of drugs and paraphernalia, or 20 to 40 years in prison and deportation for larger amounts.

For a comprehensive guide on what and what not to bring on your baggage, see the Regulated/Restricted and Prohibited Importations at the Bureau of Customs website.

Philippine customs officers are fairly notorious for corruption, but this is slowly changing; travelers cannot get away with not declaring any restricted items or contraband on checked baggage, with inspections using X-ray scanners and random checks using K-9 dogs. If you get caught, expect fines and possibly a jail term, deportation and/or being blacklisted by immigration).

Samolyotda

Although the Philippines is an archipelago, most visitors arrive by plane. If you live in an area with a large Filipino population, check out travel agencies catering to overseas Filipinos which often have fares keener than those generally advertised.

Flag carrier Philippine Airlines, and low-cost carriers Cebu Pacific va AirAsia are the major airlines in the country; all offer both international and domestic flights. Many other airlines operate international flights to the Philippines, and there are several smaller domestic carriers including some that use seaplanes or helicopters to reach destinations without an airport.

What to pay when leaving the Philippines? Airports terminals in the country have a terminal fee which is now included in the ticket price. For all airports the terminal fees for xalqaro reyslar are now included in the ticket price. Some Filipinos and all foreigners who have been in the Philippines for more than one year are required to pay a travel tax of either ₱2700 if flying first class or ₱1620 for business or economy class. The tax is collected at a designated counter before check-in. In some cases the travel tax is included in the ticket price; check first and ask before paying. Foreign nationals and balikbayans (former Filipino citizens) who are staying in the Philippines for less than one year are exempt from paying the travel tax, as are overseas Filipino workers (OFW), Filipino students studying abroad, infants and employees of government or international agencies on official business. Reduced rates are available for minors (under 12 years), dependents of OFWs (under 21 years) and journalists on assignment.

If you plan to travel around the various islands, it may be best to get an open jaw ticket; this can save much time back-tracking. Most open-jaw ticket combinations fly into Manila and out of Cebu or vice versa. It might also be possible to get a ticket with a stopover; for example Silk Air (part of Singapore Airlines) fly Singapore-Davao-Cebu and it would be worth asking if you can have a few days in Davao without a change in fare.

Most visitors entering the Philippines will fly in through the Ninoy Aquino xalqaro aeroporti(NAIA) (MNL ^IATA) ichida Metro Manila. Traveling through Manila airport used to mean long delays, difficult transfers between terminals and sometimes corrupt officials. It has improved greatly, but some visitors still choose to avoid flying through Manila, There are two main alternatives:

• Maktan-Sebu xalqaro aeroporti (CEB ^IATA) ichida Metro Sebu is the Philippines' second-busiest airport. It is in the center of the country, closer to destinations in the Visayalar yoki Mindanao than Manila is.
• Clark Airport (CRK ^IATA) ichida Anjeles Siti 85 km north of Manila is a popular hub for low-cost carriers serving Manila, although a few full-service carriers serve the airport as well.

Manila, Cebu, Davao, and Clark are the country's main hubs for domestic flights. You can arrive at any of these airports and expect to reach more-or-less anywhere in the country reasonably easily.

Other airports around the country also have international flights.

• Francisco Bangoy International Airport (DVO ^IATA) ichida Davao is served by Silk Air from Singapur, and Cathay Dragon from Gonkong.
• Kalibo International Airport (KLO ^IATA) ichida Kalibo, Aklan (yaqin Boracay). AirAsia has flights to Seul va Busan in South Korea, and Cebu Pacific from Hong Kong and Seoul . Other airlines also have scheduled flights to Kalibo from points in South Korea, China and Taiwan.
• Iloilo International Airport (ILO ^IATA) ichida Iloilo is served by Cebu Pacific, with flights from Gonkong va Singapur.
• Puerto-Princesa xalqaro aeroporti (PPS ^IATA) ichida Puerto-Princesa, Palavan dan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar mavjud Taypey on Tiger Air Taiwan.
• Panglao AirportTAG ^IATA yilda Bohol

As of mid-2019, several other cities have new airports being planned or under construction, so the list is likely to become longer in the 2020s.

Qayiqda

• Aleson Shipping Lines has a ferry to Zamboanga from Sandakan, Malayziya. Schedule departs Zamboanga every Monday and Thursday noon. Economy class ₱2700 per way. Cabin ₱3100 per way.

This route may be dangerous; see warnings at Sulu orollari va Zamboanga Peninsula.

Atrofga boring

The country's vast archipelagic nature make travel by plane and boat very important for most visitors, especially between major cities. The country is quite large, especially with also the water counted, and its geography and population patterns mean that seemingly short distances, especially on land, may take more time to travel than you would expect.

Do what Filipinos do, and try to "commute" or take public transportation as possible. That said, travel by car or motorcycle is still an interesting way to discover the Philippines and find places off the beaten track, if you're bold to face the rather shocking situation on Philippine roads.

Finding your way

Philippine addresses follow the Western system, but often have a lot more information, and directions or landmark details (e.g. opposite the high school, near the church/police station/barangay hall) are often provided. Street names exist, but they become less common as you get into the countryside, and the intersecting street is often included (e.g. Rizal Avenue cor. Mabini Street). Rural addresses may only have the barangay name, and the way to find them will be provided in parentheses. Most addresses should have the barangay (the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines) listed, but in some large cities (e.g. Manila), the district name is provided instead, and the barangay name would not be used if it is just a number, letter, or an alphanumeric combinations (usual in some city or town centers, often called poblacion areas, and some big cities like Pasay va Kalookan). Subdivisions, which can be a named neighborhood within an urban barangay or a gated community, may have houses numbered by the block and lot number instead.

Part of almost any Filipino address is the barangay (abbreviated as Brgy.), the lowest government unit of administration. The word may have come from balangay — the type of boat that Austronesian settlers arrived on — or from Spanish barrio, which it replaced as the official term in the 1970s. Some barangays are divided into sitios yoki puroks, or smaller communities (sub-villages) or hamlets, especially in rural areas where settlements are scattered in far flung communities. In urban areas, most barangays no longer have sitios/puroks but contiguous residential subdivisions or communities. Urban barangays play the role that neighborhoods or districts would in another country, and tend to have small land area but large population. Rural barangays are about like townships or counties elsewhere, and often cover a large area.

If you take a taxi, jeepney or tricycle, ask for directions in advance. Filipinos will ask fellow locals, drivers, shop owners, or cops for the nearest landmark or building characteristics; doing the same will help you get around better.

• Barangay halls may have detailed maps of an area, which should indicate the main roads or streets and major landmarks. Aside from local police, you can also ask barangay tanods (village watchers) stationed in roadside outposts, but their directions can be vague to useless, and they may have limited English skills depending on the area.
• Google xaritalari works well in large cities and even rural areas, and provides turn-by-turn navigation and traffic information, but coverage is messy depending on place (with many places ending at odd spots due to the system misinterpreting addresses), and barangays are often not shown in addresses. Bus, train, and ferry schedules can also be found through Maps, but schedules for buses or ferries are hardly reliable, and transit directions are good only for planning your route.

Samolyotda

Flight delays Flight delays can occur due to technical problems at major airports around the Philippines. If bad weather or smog accumulates throughout the day, so does the backlog of flights and this can cause a 2–3-hour delay in your domestic flight. If you have a separately ticketed flight on a continuing journey, or plan to fly out the next day, then you might want to consider flying earlier rather than later, that way you have plenty of time to relax, transit or make your hotel reservation for the night.

Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the easiest way to move between islands is by plane. Philippine Airlines (and its regional carrier, PAL Express), Cebu Pacific (and its regional carrier, Cebgo) va Philippines AirAsia have significant domestic operations, linking many major towns and cities. There are also several smaller carriers which serve resort destinations (such as Amanpulo in Palavan), as well as more remote destinations. While most cities are served by jet aircraft, some destinations are served by propeller-driven planes.

The route networks of most local airlines are heavily centered around Manila, Cebu, and Clark: flying between domestic points usually entails having to transit one of those cities, although direct flights between other major cities are slowly being introduced. Reaching Sulu and Tawi-Tawi by air is a special case: travelers must fly through Zamboanga City.

A significant majority of domestic flights in the Philippines are operated by low-cost carriers and are consequently economy-only: PAL is the only airline to offer business class on domestic flights. This does not mean however that fares are affordable: domestic seat sales are a common feature throughout the year, and all major airlines regularly offer promo fares on their websites. However, fares increase significantly during major peak travel seasons (particularly during Christmas, Holy Week and Undas), and in places served by only one airline (such as Kamiguin yoki Marinduque), fares also increase during major provincial or town fiestas. Flights are frequently full during peak travel season, so it is advisable to book well in advance. Local airlines have regular "seat sales", advertising cheap fares for flights to domestic destinations. Shu bilan birga, o'rindiqlar savdosi paytida bron qilingan ba'zi chiptalardan faqat savdo muddati tugagandan so'ng (ba'zan sotishdan bir yil o'tgach) sanalarda foydalanish mumkin va reklama narxlari odatda hukumat soliqlari va yoqilg'i uchun qo'shimcha to'lovlarni hisobga olmaydi.

Ichki reyslar bilan jo'nayotgan yo'lovchilar Klark aeroporti to'lash kerak ₱150 jo'nash oldidan hududga kirishdan oldin terminal to'lovi; Filippindagi barcha boshqa aeroportlar (shu jumladan NAIA) chiptada to'lovni o'z ichiga oladi.

Filippin aeroportlarida xavfsizlik kuchaytirilgan, shuning uchun chekka nazorat punktlari uchun qo'shimcha vaqt ajrating. Avtoulovlar aeroportga kirishdan oldin xavfsizlik tomonidan tekshiriladi va yuklar terminal kirish qismida skrining qilinadi va yo'lovchilar metall detektori orqali o'tadilar. Filippin aeroportlarida quruqlik odatda yo'lovchilar uchun taqiqlangan.

Avtobusda

Asosiy maqola: Filippinda avtobusga sayohat

Avtobuslar Filippinda quruqlik orqali sayohat qilishning arzon va samarali usuli bo'lib, mamlakatning katta qismini qamrab oladi.

Viloyat avtobuslari keng foydalanish imkoniyati mavjud bo'lib, ular katta shahardan 50 km (31 milya) narida joylashgan kichikroq shahar yoki shaharchaga yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatishni, yo'l bo'ylab deyarli har bir barangay va kichik shaharchalarda to'xtab turadigan shahar-hopper xizmatlarini va shaharlararo shaharlararo harakatlarni ( paromda sayohat qilishni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, bu chipta narxiga kiritilishi yoki kiritilmasligi mumkin). Manila, Sebu yoki Davao kabi markaziy shaharlardan keladigan avtobuslar konditsioner, qattiq o'rindiqlar va tez-tez jo'nab ketadiganlar bilan yaxshiroq bo'lishadi.

Butun mamlakatni qamrab oladigan avtobus kompaniyalari mavjud emas, ammo viloyat miqyosida turli o'lchamdagi xizmat ko'rsatadigan yuzdan ortiq avtobus kompaniyalari mavjud. Eng yirik avtobus kompaniyalari Victory Liner, Besh yulduz (Victory Linerning birodar kompaniyasi), Filtranko, va Yanson guruhi, mamlakatning ko'p qismini qamrab olgan, bir nechta sho''ba korxonalar yoki brendlarni boshqaradigan va mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatish va xavfsizlik bo'yicha yaxshi ko'rsatkichlarga ega.

Viloyat avtobuslari beshta sinfda mavjud: Oddiy, Konditsioner, Deluxe (ijrochi), Super Deluxe va Lyuks. Hashamatli katta shaharlar o'rtasida uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilish uchun keng yotadigan o'rindiqlar (yoki hatto ko'rpa-to'shaklar), hojatxonalar va shaxsiy ko'ngilochar ekranlari bo'lgan avtobuslar tavsiya etiladi va aviachiptalar narxi odatda aviakompaniyalar bilan tenglashadi. Oddiy chet ellik sayohatchilar uchun odatda avtobuslar tavsiya etilmaydi; ular konditsioner emas, ko'proq odamlar va xavfsizroq emas va siz ochiq derazadan tupuradigan odamlar kabi bezovta qiluvchi xatti-harakatlar bilan shug'ullanishingiz kerak.

Shahar avtobuslari juda kam uchraydi va faqat Manila, Sebu va Davaoda shahar avtobus tizimlari mavjud. Ular tranzit agentligi tomonidan boshqariladigan xususiy avtobus kompaniyalari bilan shartnoma asosida ishlaydi, ammo milliy hukumat tomonidan belgilangan tarifga amal qiladi. Avtobuslar ko'pincha viloyat yo'nalishlarida qatnaydigan avtobuslarga o'xshamaydi, ammo past qavatli avtobuslar sekin-asta chiqarilmoqda. Manila va Sebu shaharlarida aeroport avtobuslari va hashamatli ekspress avtobuslari (markali) mavjud Nuqtadan nuqtaga yoki P2P, shuningdek, viloyat shaharlariga xizmat qiladi).

Ko'pgina avtobuslarda yo'lovchilarga chiptalarni yig'ish va chiptalarni mushtlashdan tashqari yordam beradigan konduktor bo'ladi. Ular foydali, ammo chet elliklar uchun aviakompaniya xodimlariga qaraganda kamroq qo'llaniladi.

Chiptalarni avtobus ichida konduktor orqali, terminalda yoki Internetda (kompaniya veb-sayti yoki bron portali orqali) sotib olish mumkin, ammo ular faqat bitta sayohat uchun foydalanishlari mumkin.

Filippindagi avtobus safari ikki soatdan ko'proq davom etishi mumkin va odatda avtobus kompaniyasiga bog'langan yoki sherik bo'lgan yo'l bo'yidagi restoran yoki xizmat ko'rsatish zonasida to'xtash kerak. Hojatxonalar tobora uzoq yo'nalishlarda ishlatiladigan avtobuslarda jihozlanmoqda, ammo eski avtobuslarda bunday bo'lmasligi mumkin.

Siz 10 kg (22 lb) gacha bo'lgan yuk ko'taruvchi yuk mashinalarini bortga olib chiqishingiz mumkin va undan og'irroq narsalar yuk bo'linmasiga tushadi. Uy hayvonlarini tasdiqlangan kataklarda kemada olib yurish mumkin, ammo bu kompaniya qoidalariga bog'liq. Oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar bo'yicha siyosat turlicha, lekin odatda viloyat xizmatlarida tartibsiz bo'lmagan taqdirda ruxsat etiladi. Terminalda yoki to'xtash joyida chekish taqiqlanadi.

Shahar va shaharlarda odatda bir yoki bir nechta markaziy avtovokzallar mavjud bo'lib, ular hukumatga tegishli yoki kompaniyalarga tegishli. Yirik avtovokzallar aeroport kabi ishlashi mumkin: siz chiptalarni oldindan sotib olishingiz va jo'nash zonasiga kirishda xavfsizlik tekshiruvidan o'tishingiz va avtobusga ma'lumot taxtalarida ko'rsatilgan darvoza orqali kirishingiz kerak. Kichik avtostansiyalar asosiy qulayliklarga ega bo'lgan beton yamoqdan yoki axloqsizlikdan biroz ko'proq bo'lishi mumkin.

Chet elliklarni avtobuslarda kamroq ko'rishadi, shuning uchun tupurish va baland ovozda suhbatlashish kabi baland ovozli xatti-harakatlar va bortida og'ir yuklarini ko'tarib yuradigan odamlar kabi bezovtalik. Aytish kerakki, avtobusda sayohat qilish mahalliy aholi bilan muloqot qilish va Filippin madaniyati bilan tanishish imkoniyatini beradi.

Poyezdda

Shuningdek qarang: shpal poezdlari

The Filippin milliy temir yo'llari Hukumatga qarashli temir yo'l kompaniyasi (PNR) poezdlarni ichida boshqaradi Luzon. Temir yo'l tarmog'i 1890- va 1900-yillarga to'g'ri keladi, ammo 1980-yillardan beri yaroqsiz holatga kelib qoldi va qarovsiz qoldi va faqat 2010-yillarda hukumat Yaponiya va Xitoyning moliyaviy va texnik yordami bilan tizimni tiklash, tiklash va kengaytirish bo'yicha majburiyat oldi.

Luzonda Manila va shahar o'rtasida harakatlanadigan bitta shaharlararo temir yo'l liniyasi mavjud Legazpi yilda Bikol mintaqa, lekin shunga o'xshash kecha xizmatlari Bicol Express va Mayon Limited 2015 yildan beri to'xtatib qo'yilgan va faqat shahar va mintaqaviy xizmatlar Metro Manila, Laguna, va Bicol 2019 yildan boshlab ishlaydi.

PNR uzoq masofali poezdlar to'rtta sinfda mavjud: shpal (faqat Bicol Express-da), lyuks / ijrochi (faqat to'liq konditsioner Mayon Limited-da), konditsioner (aylanadigan o'rindiqli o'rindiqlar bilan) va oddiy (skameykalar va 3) -3 yuzma-yuz o'rindiqlar, faqat Mayon Oddiy). Shahar atrofidagi va mintaqaviy poezdlar faqat bitta sinfda, konditsioner yoki oddiy, stul o'rindiqlari va turish xonasiga ega, birinchi vagon esa ayollar, keksalar va nogironlar uchun mo'ljallangan.

Mashinada

Asosiy maqola: Filippinda haydash

Filippindagi yo'llar sifat jihatidan Luzonning asfaltlangan ko'p polosali tezyurar yo'llaridan tortib tog'li tog'li tumanlarning tor tuproq yo'llariga qadar juda farq qiladi, bu esa avtoulovda sayohat qilishni qiyinlashtirishi mumkin. Aksariyat yirik magistral yo'llar ikkitadan to'rttagacha va odatda asfalt yoki beton bilan qoplangan, garchi to'rtdan ortiq bo'laklarga ega yo'llar, ko'pincha bo'linib ketgan yirik shaharlarning yaqinida keng tarqalgan. Ispaniyaning mustamlakachilik davridan beri aksariyat shahar va qishloqlarda ko'chalar tartibi hech qachon o'zgarmagan va u erdagi yo'llar ko'pincha tor, ko'r-ko'rona burchaklar ko'p. Yo'l atlaslari va xaritalari mamlakat bo'ylab kitob do'konlarida mavjud bo'lib, haydashda, ayniqsa yolg'iz haydashda juda foydali.

Chet ellik haydovchilik guvohnomalari Filippinda kelganidan keyin 90 kungacha yuridik kuchga ega, undan keyin Filippin haydovchilik guvohnomasi talab qilinadi. Pasportingizni Filippinga oxirgi kirishingiz 91 kundan kam bo'lganligini ko'rsatgan holda olib yurish ham yaxshi fikr bo'lishi mumkin.

Filippindagi transport vositalari harakati to'g'riva yo'l belgilarining aksariyati ingliz tilida, bittasi filippin tilida. Yo'l belgilari Amerika va Evropa standartlarining aralashmasi. Yo'l belgilari odatda oq rangda, xuddi Evropaning aksariyat qismida bo'lgani kabi, faqat Amerikaning aksariyat qismida bo'lgani kabi, sariq rangdan foydalaniladi. Aksariyat yirik magistral yo'llarda yaxshi belgilar va belgilar mavjud bo'lsa-da, odatda shaharning ichki qismida va kichik yo'llarda, kambag'al mintaqalardagi qishloq yo'llarida kamroq uchraydi.

Mototsiklda

Mototsikllar va skuterlar (yoki ularni chaqirish mumkin) moto mamlakatda filippin tilida inglizcha) juda keng tarqalgan, asosan yapon brendlari va rus tilidagi filippinliklarning ba'zi brendlari. Ularning aksariyati 125‑200cc oralig'ida. Ularni ijaraga olish mumkin (odatda atrofida) ₱300 kuniga) ko'plab shaharlarda va sayyohlik hududlarida va uzoq muddatli tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun uni sotib olish odatiy holdir.

Bu erda mototsiklda yurish yurak uchun emas va mototsiklchilar ko'pincha o'ldiriladi, asosan mast holda haydash yoki noqonuniy bosib o'tish kabi xavfli haydash odatlari. Qarang Filippinda haydash.

Shlemni talab qiladigan milliy qonunchilik mavjud, ammo u barcha mintaqalarda doimiy ravishda bajarilmaydi.

Mototsikl taksilari

Mototsikl taksilari (habal-habal) mavjud, ammo 2020 yildan boshlab noqonuniy va tartibga solinmagan bo'lib qolmoqda. Ba'zi joylarda, masalan Samal, ular yagona transport variantidir, garchi ularning deyarli barchasi litsenziyasiz bo'ladi. Hisoblagich yo'q; siz narx bo'yicha kelishishingiz kerak, va ba'zi haydovchilar sayyohlardan ortiqcha haq olishga harakat qilishlari yoki ular qo'shimcha narsalarga haqli ekanliklarini his qilishlari mumkin, chunki siz ular ikki yoki hatto uchta filippinlikni olib ketadigan yagona yo'lovchi bo'lishni xohlaysiz. Agar tanlovingiz bo'lsa, uch g'ildirakli velosiped yoki jipni odatda xavfsizroq va qulayroq bo'ladi.

Katta shaharlarda do'l yog'ishi mumkin habal-habal kabi ilovalar orqali amalga oshiriladi Angkalar va GrabBike. App tomonidan kutib olingan xizmatlar malakali va o'qitilgan haydovchilarga ega bo'lib, ular firma nomi ko'rsatilgan forma orqali aniqlanadi.

Taksida

Taksi narxlari Hozirgi kunda taksichilarning aksariyati odamlardan hisoblagichga asoslanmagan narxlarni, ayniqsa, avj soatlarida haq olishadi. Agar siz "yo'q" degan so'zga duch kelsangiz va haydovchilar sizga hisoblagichga asoslanmagan narxni ikki baravar oshirishga haqli emas deb aytsangiz, bu odatda sayyohlar bilan bir qatorda o'rta sinf elita sinfidagi filippinliklar tomonidan ham uchraydi. Agar shunday holat yuz bersa, taksidan tushing, haydovchiga tahdid qiling, politsiya ishonch telefoniga qo'ng'iroq qilasiz;Filippin milliy politsiyasi (PNP) 63 2 722-0650 sizning politsiyaga qo'ng'iroq qilayotganingizga ishonish yoki telefon raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun uyali telefoningizni terishni boshlang. MMDA(Metro Manila taraqqiyot boshqarmasi) ishonch telefoni; 136 agar siz Manila shahrida bo'lsangiz, politsiyaga 2920 raqamiga ham xabar yuborishingiz mumkin va sizning xabaringiz quyidagicha bo'lishi kerak; Sizning shikoyatlaringiz uchun PNP (bo'sh joy) (xabar). Ba'zi taksilarda kvitansiya beradigan hisoblagichlar mavjud; agar ular bo'lsa, kvitansiya so'rang.

Odatda taksilar yirik shaharlarda mavjud, ammo odatda turli viloyat va mintaqalar bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun foydalanilmaydi.

Shaharlarda taksida yurganingizda, hisoblagich yoqilganligini tekshiring va hisoblangan narxni to'lang. Bir uchi ₱10 qabul qilinadi. Shuningdek, tangalaringiz va mayda kupyuralaringiz borligiga ishonch hosil qiling, chunki haydovchilar kattaroq uchini olish uchun ko'pincha o'zgarmaganliklarini da'vo qilishadi va ertalabki davrda ko'plab haydovchilar tangalarni faqat to'lov sifatida qabul qilishadi (hamma joyda ehtiyot bo'ling) Barya lang po sa umaga imzo yoki stiker)! Bundan tashqari, haydovchilar shovqin-suron paytida hisoblagichni chetlab o'tmoqchi bo'lishsa ajablanmang. Aksariyat taksilar bayroqni pastga tushirish stavkasiga ega ₱40 har biri 300 metrga teng ₱3.50 sariq taksilar esa bayroq tushirilgan stavka bilan qimmatroq ₱70 har biri 300 metrga teng ₱4 (2011 yil aprel).

Siz ozgina haq evaziga "Grab Taxi" va "Easy Taxi" kabi GPS-quvvatlangan mobil ilovalar yordamida taksi buyurtma qilishingiz mumkin. Bu taksini ta'qib qilishdan ko'ra yaxshiroqdir, chunki siz GPS orqali mavjud taksilar sonini va ularning joylashgan joylarini ko'rishingiz mumkin. Sizda taksi buyurtmasi tasdiqlanganidan so'ng, sizning ismingiz, fotosuratingiz, raqamingiz va telefon raqamingiz mobil qurilmangizda paydo bo'ladi va siz haydovchingiz bilan qaerdaligingizni aniq bilish uchun u bilan bog'lanishingiz mumkin. Bu Metro Manila va Sebuda mavjud.

Qayiqda

Metro Manila

Pasig bilan Manilani aylanib chiqing Pasig feribot xizmati, suv avtobuslari Pasig tarixiy daryosi atrofidagi stantsiyalarda mavjud. Narxlar narxi ₱25, ₱35 va ₱45. Talabalar va yoshlar uchun tariflar ₱20 masofadan qat'i nazar.

Orollararo sayohatlar

Avtobuslar va samolyotlardan keyin kemalar mamlakatdagi sayohatning navbatdagi eng arzon usuli hisoblanadi.

Boshqa orollarga paromlar sayohati masofaga qarab 24 soatdan ko'proq vaqt olishi mumkin. Faqatgina butun mamlakat bo'ylab parom liniyasi 2Go Travel. Sebu shahridan kichikroq parom liniyalari mavjud: Trans Osiyo yuk tashish liniyalari, Kokaliong etkazib berish liniyalari, Lite feribotlari va Oceanjet.

Jadvallarni yuk tashish veb-saytlarida yoki paromlar uchun reklama bo'limlari bo'lgan gazetalarda topish mumkin. Feribotlar ba'zan barcha yuklar va yo'lovchilar bortga chiqmaganligi sababli yoki ob-havo tufayli kechiktirilishi mumkin.

Kruizlar

Xans Kristian Andersen kruizi^{[o'lik havola]} sizni Filippin orqali sayohatga olib boradi. Ular sizni bo'sh plyajlarga, mahalliy baliqchilar qishloqlariga, sho'ng'in va sho'ng'inlarga olib borishadi. Ular dam olish uchun qulay muhitni taklif qilishadi va siz kiyim kodi haqida qayg'urmaysiz.

Furgon orqali

UV Express, yoki Van Express yordam dasturi (ilgari, ammo "FX" deb nomlanuvchi, Toyota Tamaraw FX ko'p maqsadli transport vositasidan foydalanish), bu odatda marshrut va operator belgilariga ega bo'lgan oq Toyota yoki Nissan mikroavtobuslari tomonidan boshqariladigan van xizmat ko'rsatish xizmati. Ular viloyatlardagi qisqa yo'nalishlarda tez-tez uchraydi va to'xtovsiz sayohat qilganlarida avtobus yoki jipdan tezroq, lekin transport vositalari ko'pincha to'la bo'ladi, baland bo'yli chet elliklar uchun shift past, katta yuklar uchun joy kam va tariflar oddiy avtobusga qaraganda qimmatroq (lekin jipniga qaraganda arzon).

UV Express avtobus yoki jip kabi qatnov yo'nalishlariga ega, ammo to'xtovsiz xizmat sifatida ular yo'lovchilarni faqat marshrut terminallarida olishlari mumkin. Narx - bu belgilangan stavka ₱2 marshrutning uzunlikdan-punktgacha uzunligiga bir kilometrga ko'payadi va terminalda oldingi yo'lovchi o'rindig'ini yoki tarif yig'uvchisini egallagan dirijyor tomonidan yig'iladi. UV-terminallar odatda avtobus bekatida yoki savdo markazida bo'ladi, lekin u erda bir yoki bir nechta UV yo'nalishlariga xizmat ko'rsatishi mumkin bo'lgan maxsus stantsiyalar ham mavjud. Chiqish tartibsiz bo'lib, furgonlar faqat to'lgandan keyingina chiqib ketadi.

Hech qachon furgonni piyoda qo'ymang yoki haydovchidan jipniga o'xshab sizni belgilangan manzilga tashlab qo'yishini so'ramang. Terminaldan tashqarida olib ketish yoki olib ketishga imkon beradigan mikroavtobuslar - bu litsenziyasiz, marshrut va kompaniya belgilariga ega bo'lmagan transport vositalari (va shaxsiy avtomobil raqamiga); ular haddan tashqari yuklangan va xavfli bo'lib, narxlar oshadi va sayohat uzoq davom etadi.

Telefon orqali bron qilingan va aeroportdan mehmonxonangizga uyma-uy xizmat ko'rsatadigan (va aksincha) litsenziyali, hukumat tomonidan akkreditatsiyalangan van marshrutlar ham ba'zi sayyohlik hududlarida mavjud. Ular yo'l bo'ylab mehmonxonalarda to'xtab turganda taksiga qaraganda sekinroq, lekin ko'pincha arzonroq.

Shuningdek, siz 10-18 kishilik guruh bilan sayohat qilsangiz, furgonni ijaraga olishingiz mumkin; ijara stavkalari odatda boshlanadi ₱1000 bir kun (va guruh tomonidan taqsimlanadigan xarajatlar), restoranda ovqatlanish va sizning iltimosingiz bo'yicha mehmonxonada, dam olish maskanida yoki mehmon uyida bo'lish odatda qo'shiladi. Biroq, bu ro'yxatlarni topish qiyin, va odatda filippinliklar uchun xizmat qiladi.

Jipni tomonidan

Jiplar butun mamlakat bo'ylab keng tarqalgan bo'lib, ular eng yirik shahar joylarini aylanib chiqishning eng maqbul usuli hisoblanadi. Ularga tegishli svetoforlar odatda ularni "PUJ", Public Utility Jeep deb atashadi.

Jiplar ko'pincha juda gavjum va odatda unchalik qulay emas (ayniqsa, bo'yingiz baland bo'lsa), chamadon uchun odatda joy kam (garchi ko'pchiligining tomi tokchali bo'lsa ham), bo'lishi mumkin cho'ntaklarVa siz haydovchilarni chekish yoki baland ovozda suhbatlashish kabi bezovta qiluvchi xatti-harakatlarga duch kelishingiz mumkin, ammo har bir tashrif buyuruvchi ularni kamida bir marta sinab ko'rishi kerak, chunki ular "Filippin tajribasi" ning bir qismi. Byudjet sayohatchisi uchun ular, ehtimol, eng ko'p ishlatiladigan transport variantlaridan biri bo'lishi mumkin.

Shaharlarda jipnilar odatda belgilangan yo'nalishlarda harakat qilishadi, masofaga qarab qatnov narxlari (ko'pincha taxminan) ₱9 4 kmgacha (2,5 milya) va qo'shimcha ₱2.25 2019 yildan boshlab km ga) va agar siz ularga tebransangiz to'xtaydi. Odatda transport vositasining yon tomonida marshrutni ko'rsatadigan belgilar mavjud. Manila va boshqa yirik shaharlar ichida bir marshrutda bir nechta jipni topasiz, shuning uchun kamdan-kam hollarda uni ushlash uchun uzoq kutishingiz kerak bo'ladi.

Viloyatlarda jiplar ham shahar va shaharlarni bir-biriga bog'lab turadi. Ushbu uzoq sayohatlar uchun ko'pincha qariyalar yoki talabalar uchun chegirmalar mavjud, garchi odatda shahar ichkarisida sayohat qilmasa. Shahardan shahar atrofiga bir necha kilometr yoki yaqin shaharga bir necha o'n kilometrlik sayohat uchun jipnilar ko'pincha sayohat qilishning eng yaxshi usuli hisoblanadi. Ammo uzoqroq sayohatlarda avtobuslar qulayroq.

Dastlabki jiplar amerikaliklardan keyin qoldirgan jiplarga asoslangan edi Ikkinchi jahon urushi; Filippinliklar jasadni uzaytirdilar va ko'proq odamlarni o'tirish uchun yon tomonlariga skameykalarni qo'shdilar. Bugungi kunda aksariyat yangi jipneylar chet eldan olib kelingan transport vositalariga asoslangan, ammo ko'plab eski avtomobillar hali ham ishlamoqda. Jipneylarda odatda 20 ga yaqin odam o'tirishi mumkin, lekin ular ko'pincha 30 yoki undan ortiq odamni yo'lakda yoki yugurish taxtasida odamlar bilan olib yurishadi. Bir nechta yo'lovchilar haydovchi bilan oldinga o'tirishlari mumkin; bu eng yaxshi o'rindiqlar.

Ba'zi jipnilarda yo'l haqini yig'ish uchun konduktor bor, boshqalarda siz haydovchiga pul to'laysiz. Orqa tomonda o'tirgan odamlar boshqa yo'lovchilarni haydovchilarga pullarini topshirishlari odatiy holdir; Agar aniq o'zgarish bo'lsa, bu osonroq. Shuningdek, yo'lovchilar xohlagan paytda tomning metall qismlariga tangalarni yopishtirishi odatiy holdir; tovush haydovchiga qarab uzatiladi.

Ehtiyot bo'ling kolorum belgilangan marshrutga ega bo'lmagan jiplar. Ulardan qochish yaxshiroq, lekin ba'zi joylarda ular tez-tez uchraydi va mavjud bo'lgan yagona narsa bo'lishi mumkin. Qarang # Xavfsiz qoling. Hatto qonuniy jipnilarda ham haydovchilar noqonuniy ravishda "sayohat" bilan bog'liq muammolar bo'lishi mumkin, bu esa siz yo'lovchining to'liq manziliga etib borganingizda va pul evaziga qaytarib berilmasdan marshrutning o'rtasigacha yoki boradigan joyingiz yaqinidagi bir joyda tushishga majbur bo'lasiz. tirbandlik, to'siq yoki kutayotgan yo'lovchilar etishmasligi.

Ba'zi hududlarda jipniga o'xshash transport vositalari mavjud, ammo kichikroq shassi ustiga qurilgan, shunda ular o'nga yaqin yo'lovchini tashiy olishadi. Mahalliy aholi odatda bularni chaqirishadi multicabs.

"An'anaviy" avtoulovlarda bo'lgani kabi jismoniy shaxslar o'rniga kompaniyalar yoki kooperativlar tomonidan boshqariladigan "zamonaviy" jiplar asta-sekin, ayniqsa Manila atrofida olib borilmoqda. Ular texnik jihatdan jiplar bo'lsa-da, transport vositalari ko'proq mikroavtobusga o'xshab ketishi mumkin, o'ng tomonida kirish eshigi bor. Narxlar biroz qimmat (boshlab) ₱11 tomonidan ortib borgan dastlabki 4 km ₱1.40-1.70), lekin smart-kartalar bilan to'lash mumkin (masalan.) Ovozli signal) naqd pul o'rniga va transport vositalari qulayroq.

Uch g'ildirakli velosipedda

Traysikels uch g'ildirakli velosipedlar, mototsikllar va yonbosh mashinalar; mototsikllar odatda 125-200cc oralig'idagi yapon mashinalari. Har bir mintaqada dizayn har xil ko'rinishga ega, ammo ma'lum bir shahar ichida barcha traysellar bir xil turda bo'ladi. Ba'zi joylarda yonboshlovchilar to'rttadan, boshqa joylarda esa faqat ikkita. Ko'p sohalarda, pedikab pedalda harakatlanadigan transport vositasini, ya'ni velosipedda va yon tomonda ishlaydigan dvigatelni yoki velosiped rikshavasini, orqasida ikkita o'rindiq va chavandozning old tomonida pedalni nazarda tutadi. Boshqa joylarda "pedikab" motorli yonbag'r platformalarida ham qo'llaniladi.

Ba'zi kichik shaharlarda bu shahar ichidagi asosiy transport vositasidir va jiplar faqat shaharlar orasidagi sayohat uchun ishlatiladi. Bir nechta hududlarda uch g'ildirakli velosipedlar shahar tashqarisida taxminan 25 km (15 mil) masofada sayohat qilish uchun ham foydalaniladi.

Ular aksariyat chet elliklarga yoqmasligi mumkin, chunki ular tor va shovqin va ob-havoga juda ochiq. Aksariyat joylarda ular umumiy transport vositalaridir; Taxminan shu yo'ldan ketayotgan boshqa odamlar bilan birga yurishni va haydovchi yo'lovchini belgilangan manziliga etkazib berish uchun burilib ketayotganda g'alati aylanib o'tishni kuting.

Har qanday shaharchadagi eng ko'p narxlar ₱10-80, asosan masofaga bog'liq. Aksariyat tariflar bir kishiga to'g'ri keladi, ammo ba'zilari uch g'ildirakli velosipedga to'g'ri keladi. Ba'zi joylarda yo'l haqi qonuniy tartibga solingan. Ba'zan belgilangan tariflar mavjud. Ko'proq qishloq joylarda narxlar boshqacha. Ba'zan, ayniqsa uzoqroq ishlash uchun sizga kerak bo'ladi savdolashish narxlari ustidan, va ba'zi haydovchilar chet elliklardan ortiqcha haq olishga harakat qilishadi.

Umuman olganda, ko'p sayohatlar xavfsiz va yoqimli va xorijiy standartlarga ko'ra ancha arzon, ammo muammolar bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zi haydovchilar haydash paytida chekishlari mumkin (kommunal transport vositalarida, shu jumladan, uch g'ildirakli velosipedlarda chekish taqiqlanganiga qaramay) yoki ortiqcha haq to'lashlari mumkin, va juda kam avtoulovlar yo'l harakati qoidalarini tez-tez buzgan holda, masalan, noqonuniy bosib o'tish yoki uch g'ildirakli velosiped taqiqlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirish (asosan og'ir yo'llarda). Ba'zi mototsikllar juda shovqinli, tutunli yoki etarli bo'lmagan faralar yoki orqa chiroqlarga ega.

Odatda orqa tomonda bagaj javoni mavjud. Agar siz undan foydalansangiz, haydovchi narsalaringizni bog'lab qo'yganligiga ishonch hosil qiling; aks holda ular o'g'irlanishi yoki zarbani urganingizda uchib ketishi mumkin. Katta yoki qimmatbaho yuklar yo'lovchilar hududida yurishi kerak; to'rt kishilik yonboshlangan g'ildirakli velosipedlarda joy ajratish uchun old o'rindiqni buklash mumkin. Buning uchun odatda qo'shimcha pul to'lashingiz kerak bo'ladi, bu adolatli, chunki yuk haydovchining ko'proq yo'lovchilarni olib ketishiga xalaqit beradi.

Ba'zi joylarda, xususan Mindanaoda (masalan, Mintanaoda) avtoulovlarga o'xshash trikotaj velosipedlarni uchratishingiz mumkin. motorelalar ning Kagayan de Oro); ularda alohida yo'lovchilar o'rniga haydovchining orqasida o'tirgan yo'lovchilar bor. Bajaj avtomatik rikshalarini - ba'zilari siqilgan tabiiy gaz bilan ta'minlangan - ba'zi joylarda ham ko'rish mumkin; salbiy tomoni shundaki, ular atigi 3-4 yo'lovchini tashiy olishadi (kichkina bolalar yoki boshqa yo'lovchilar uchun qo'shimcha joy yo'q), ammo teskari tomoni shundaki, ularning eshigi yuqori, dvigatelning shovqini kamroq va qulay o'rindiqlari bor. Maniladagi kabi ba'zi joylarda elektr trikotajlarini uchratish mumkin.

Qarang

Filippin sizga tropik orol tajribasini taqdim etishi mumkin. Uning go'zal qumli plyajlari, iliq iqlimi, bir asrlik cherkovlari, ajoyib tog 'tizmalari, zich yomg'ir o'rmonlari, boy madaniyati va tabassum qiladigan odamlari bu arxipelagda 7107 oroldan iborat ko'rishingiz va ko'rishingiz mumkin bo'lgan diqqatga sazovor joylardan biridir. Siz mamlakatning boy va noyob madaniyatini turli xil yo'llar bilan qadimgi Ispaniya cherkovlariga sayohat qilish, rang-barang qo'shilish bilan tanishishingiz mumkin fiestalar (festivallar) va ekzotik va mazali taomlardan bahramand bo'lish. Ammo, ehtimol, filippinlik madaniyatini boshdan kechirishning eng yaxshi usuli bu jipni minishdir.

Tarixiy va madaniy diqqatga sazovor joylar

Ispaniyaliklar 1560-yillarda Filippinlarni mustamlaka qilishni boshladilar va uni 1898 yilda amerikaliklar egallab olguncha ushlab turdilar. Mamlakatning deyarli har bir shaharida o'sha davrdan beri bir nechta yaxshi eski binolar, hech bo'lmaganda katolik cherkovi mavjud. Bir nechtasida bundan ham ko'proq narsa bor, eski binolarga to'la tumanlar, shu jumladan ispan istehkomlari qoldiqlari:

• Manila - Filippinning poytaxti; u Ispaniyaning mustamlakachilik davrida tashkil etilgan. Zamonaviy osmono'par binolarga ega shahar bo'lishiga qaramay, Manila o'zining boy tarixiy va madaniy merosiga ega. Uning eski cherkovlari, mustamlakachilik tuzilmalari, neo-klassik binolari va tarixiy diqqatga sazovor joylari bu shaharga o'ziga xos jozibasini beradi.
• Intramuros (Ispancha "devor ichida" degani) Manilaning eng qadimiy tumani va tarixiy magistralidir. Intramurosda Manilaning eng yaxshi va qadimiy inshootlari joylashgan, masalan, Manila sobori va Fort Santyago. Ikkinchi jahon urushi paytida jiddiy zarar ko'rganiga qaramay, Intramuros hanuzgacha ispan mustamlakachilik xususiyatiga ega.
• Sebu shahri Filippindagi birinchi ispan aholi punkti bo'lgan va bir necha yil davomida poytaxt bo'lgan. Uning Kolon tumanida mamlakatning eng muhim tarixiy va meros joylari, jumladan San-Pedro qal'asi va Santo-Ninoning Bazilikasi mavjud. Shahar Sinulog festivali minglab sayyohlar va ziyoratchilarni jalb qiladi; bu mamlakatning eng mashhur festivallaridan biridir.
• Bagio balandlikda joylashgan va Manilaning jaziramasidan qochish uchun yozgi poytaxt sifatida ishlatilgan.

Bir nechta shaharlarda, ayniqsa, muhim ispaniyaliklar yoki boy filippinlik oilalar uchun qurilgan ko'plab meros uylari, jumladan, meros binolarining ajoyib to'plamlari mavjud. Ularning aksariyati hanuzgacha xususiy uylardir va hech kim hammaga ochiq emas, ammo ba'zilari muzeyga aylangan, boshqalari esa ekskursiyalarga ruxsat berishgan.

• Vigan, shimoliy Luzonning Ilocos mintaqasida, a YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati, Ispaniyaning mustamlakachilik shahri bo'lsa ham, Xitoy ta'siriga ega. Bu sizni Lotin Amerikasida yoki O'rta er dengizi Evropasida ekanligingizni his qilishi mumkin.

• Taal, Manilaning janubi-g'arbidagi Batangas mintaqasida, poytaxtga eng yaqin shaharcha. Bu plyajlarga boradiganlar uchun qulay to'xtash joyi bo'lishi mumkin Puerto-Galera, garchi bu sizni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri marshrutdan olib tashlaydi.
• Silay yoniq Negros, Bacolod yaqinida.
• Baclayon yoniq Bohol, Tagbilaran yaqinida.

Mamlakat 300 yil davomida Ispaniyaning mustamlakasi bo'lganligi sababli, Barok cherkovlarini Filippin atrofida osongina topish mumkin. Ushbu cherkovlar deyarli Ispaniyada va Evropaning boshqa joylarida ko'rishingiz mumkin bo'lgan cherkovlarga o'xshaydi. Mamlakatning eng mashhurlaridan ba'zilari:

• San-Agustin cherkovi yilda Manila
• Miag-ao cherkovi yilda Iloilo
• Paoay cherkovi yilda Ilocos Norte
• Santa-Mariya cherkovi yilda Ilocos Sur

Ushbu cherkovlar jamoaviy nom ostida YuNESKOning Butunjahon merosi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Filippinning barok cherkovlari.

Plyajlar va orollar

Plyajlar va sho'ng'inlar mamlakatning eng taniqli turistik joylaridan biridir; 7,107 orollari bilan, albatta, tanlov etarli. Ko'plab plyajlarda yorqin oq qum bor, ammo bej, kulrang, qora yoki hatto pushti qum ham uchraydi. Sho'ng'inlarning aksariyati marjon riflari atrofida; ko'pchilikka shunchaki suvga yurish yoki dam olish joylaridan biridan qayiqda bir kunlik sayohat qilish orqali erishish mumkin. Kabi bir nechta Koron sho'ng'in xususiyati va boshqalar Tubbataha riflari tabiiy bog'i jonli qayiqlarda uzoqroq sayohatlarni o'z ichiga oladi.

Borakay mamlakatning eng taniqli plyaj kurort zonasi bo'lib, bir nechta jurnallar tomonidan dunyodagi eng yaxshi orollardan biri sifatida baholangan va har yili minglab xalqaro va mahalliy sayyohlarni jalb qiladi. Unda oq qumli plyajlar va kulrang suvlar mavjud bo'lib, u sho'ng'in, sho'ng'in, shamol sörfü, qaytsurfing, jarliklarga sho'ng'in va parasayling kabi ko'plab tadbirlarni taklif etadigan juda rivojlangan hududdir. Ushbu tadbirlarning barchasidan so'ng siz oq qumli plyajda yoki kurortlardan birida tasalli beruvchi massaj qilishingiz mumkin.

Agar siz olomon plyajlardan saqlanishni istasangiz, unga boring Palavan. Viloyatda plyajlar kam rivojlangan, odamlar ko'p bo'lmagan va yaxshi saqlanib qolgan. Sohil bo'yidagi shahar El Nido Palawan va Filippinlar taqdim etishi mumkin bo'lgan eng yaxshi yo'nalishlardan biridir. Uning toza plyajlari, tiniq suvlari, tik ohaktosh qoyalari, ajoyib adacıkları va sho'ng'in joylari dunyodagi eng yaxshi narsalar bilan raqobatlasha oladi.

Koron oroli zich tropik o'rmonlar bilan qoplangan yuzlab ohaktosh shakllanishiga ega. Shuningdek, u o'zining ajoyib plyajlari va Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidagi kema halokatlari bilan mashhur. Koronning go'zal va yaxshi saqlanib qolgan dengiz manzilini ko'rish uchun orollar atrofida eshkak eshish uchun baydarkani ijaraga oling.

Palawan-dan tashqari, siz ham sinab ko'rishingiz mumkin Bohol, shuningdek, ulkan qumli plyajlarning uyi bo'lgan orol viloyati. Boholning eng yaxshi plyaj yo'nalishlaridan biri Panglao oroli, bu Boracayga muqobil yo'nalish sifatida targ'ib qilinmoqda. Orol ham hashamatli, ham arzon dam olish maskanlarining keng tanlovini taklif etadi.

Maktan oroli Sebu shahrida; Santa-Kruz oroli Zamboanga shahrida; Pagudpud Ilokosda; Laiya plyaji Batangas va Oq orol yilda Kamiguin Filippindagi boshqa mashhur plyaj yo'nalishlari, albatta tashrif buyurishga arziydi.

Manzaralar

Shuningdek qarang: Filippinning milliy bog'lari va qo'riqlanadigan hududlari

Plyajlar kasalmi? Filippinda boshqa ajoyib manzaralar mavjud; go'zal plyajlardan tashqari, tog 'tizmalari, zich o'rmonlar, ulug'vor guruch teraslari, chiroyli ko'llar, chiroyli sharsharalar va yashirin g'orlar mavjud.

Agar biz Filippinlar haqida o'ylasak, odatdagi narsalar shunchaki quyoshli quyoshli orollar guruhi. The Kordilyera viloyati biz kartpostallar va sayohat jurnallarida ko'radigan odatiy Filippin manzili emas. Agar siz ushbu tog'li mintaqaga tashrif buyurgan bo'lsangiz, faqat futbolkalardan ko'ra ko'ylagi va kozoklarni oling, chunki bu mintaqa mamlakatning shimoliy qismidagi salqin baland tog'larda joylashgan. Guruchli teraslar mintaqada sayyohlarning eng ko'p tashrif buyuradigan joylaridan biri, dunyoga mashhur Banau guruch teraslari va Filippin kordillerasining guruch teraslari bu erda topishingiz mumkin. Ushbu guruch teraslari qariyb 2000 yil oldin qadimiy filippinliklar tomonidan qurilgan va hanuzgacha o'z go'zalligini saqlab kelmoqda. Yaqin shaharcha Sagada ichida Tog'li viloyat. Osiladigan tobutlari va ohaktoshli g'orlari bilan tanilgan bu shahar xalta xaltachilari uchun ideal joy.

Filippin tog'li mamlakat bo'lib, sayohatchilar va sarguzasht izlovchilar uchun son-sanoqsiz tog'larni tanlash imkoniyatini taqdim etadi. Mamlakatdagi toqqa chiqish uchun eng yaxshi manzil - bu janubiy Filippinning go'zal Apo tog'i. Apo tog'i bu Filippindagi eng baland tog 'va eng xilma-xil hududlardan biri; bu erda 272 dan ortiq qush turlari yashaydi, ularning 111 tasi ushbu hududga xosdir. Tog'da to'rtta katta ko'l bor, bu ko'llar taniqli alpinistlar lageridir va cho'qqiga qarab to'xtash joyidir. Yana bir mashhur toqqa chiqish joyi - bu Pinatubo tog'i Tarlac. Ushbu tog '20-asrning ikkinchi eng katta vulqon otilishi sifatida global sarlavhalarga aylandi. Bugungi kunda u kanyonlar, 4x4 relyef va tabiiy kaldera ko'li tufayli mamlakatning eng yuqori toqqa chiqadigan joylaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Oroliga boring Bohol mashhurni ko'rish Shokolad tepaliklariva yo'q ular shokoladdan yasalgan emas, ular quruq mavsumda jigar rangga aylanadigan o't bilan qoplangan ohaktosh gumbazlari, shuning uchun ularning nomi. Hududda 1268 dan ortiq tepaliklar tarqalgan. Shokolad tepaliklari mamlakatdagi eng taniqli va mashhur sayyohlik maskanlaridan biridir. Boholda mashhur bo'lgan yana bir yo'nalish bu Filippinning Tarsier qo'riqxonasi yilda Corella, bu 7,4 gektar o'rmon qo'riqxonasi, u erda 100 dan ortiq tarsierlar erkin yurishadi, bu erda siz yaqinlashish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin Filippin Tarsier, dunyodagi eng kichik primatlardan biri.

Qil

• Havodagi sport turlari - Yanvar va fevral oylarida Klarkda har yili "Hot Air Balloon" festivali bo'lib o'tadi, Anjeles yilda Pampanga. Havo pufakchalari namoyish etiladi, u erda parvozlar va boshqa tadbirlar mavjud.
• Basketbol bu Filippindagi eng mashhur sport turi, buni unutmang PBA va UAAP basketbol musobaqalari. Filippinliklarning har qanday tajribasini ko'proq tomosha qilish paliga issiq oylarda barangalarda o'tkaziladigan o'yinlar, agar siz issiqqa chiday olsangiz; Stritbol filippinliklar orasida ham juda mashhur.
• Bentoza va Hilot Filippinning muqobil davolash usullari, Bentoza Bu chashka choyni yoqib qo'yadigan shamni yopib qo'yadigan va u alangalanadigan va tananing ma'lum qismidagi barcha og'riqlarni to'kadigan usuldir, Hilot bu faqat filippinlik massaj usulidir.
• Kema suzib yurish - To'lqinlar va shamollar birgalikda harakat qilib, mamlakatni kemachilar panasiga aylantiradi. Borakay, Subik ko'rfazi va Anilao yilda Batangalar asosiy yo'nalishlar.
• Kazinolar: Metro Manila kazino va ko'ngilochar yo'nalishlarning keng to'plamiga ega. Ni o'rganing Manila kurortlari, mamlakatning birinchi hashamatli kazino birlashtirilgan kurorti va yangi ochilgan Solaire kurortlari va kazino. The Ko'ngilochar shahar to'rtta birlashtirilgan kazino kurortlari bo'ladi.
• Cave - Arxipelagda bir nechta noyob g'or tizimlari mavjud. Sagada Luzon va Mabinay Negrosda kovlash uchun mashhur joy.
• Bayramlar - Har bir munitsipalitet, shaharcha, shahar va viloyatning diniy yoki shahar sharafiga yoki tarixiy sabablarga ko'ra o'z festivallari mavjud.

Shuningdek qarang: Filippindagi festivallar qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.

• Golf - Deyarli har bir viloyatda golf maydonchasi mavjud.
• Tibbiy turizm - Tibbiy sayyohlarning aksariyati Amerika va Evropadan kelishadi, chunki bu erda tibbiy xizmat xorijga qaraganda 80 foizga arzonroq. Tibbiy turizm uchun tavsiya etilgan shifoxonalarning aksariyati Metro Manila. Shu bilan bir qatorda tibbiyot, shuningdek, arxipelag bo'ylab tarqalgan kurortlar, imonni davolash va boshqa chekka terapiyalar bilan mashhur.
• Milliy bog'lar - Milliy bog'lar soni 60-70 atrofida, ularga tog'lar va marjon riflari kiradi.
• Tog'da velosipedda harakatlanish - Arxipelag o'nlab tog'larga ega va tog 'velosipedchilari uchun juda mos keladi. Belgilangan joylar kiradi Bagio, Davao, Iloilo, Banaue, Apo tog'i va Gimaralar.
• Qoyalarga chiqish sporti - Apo oroli, Atimonan, El Nido, Puting Bato, Vava darasida arxipelagdagi toshlarga chiqish uchun eng yaxshi joylar mavjud.
• Dengizda baydarka - Karamo orollari Camarines Sur, Palavan, Samar va Siargao mashhurdir.
• Kurortlar plyajlar, moliyaviy poytaxtlar va boshqalar yaqinida joylashgan.
• Trekking - Tog 'tizmalari va cho'qqilar sayr qilish uchun salqin ob-havoni taqdim etadi va bu sizga mamlakatning go'zal ekzotik florasi va faunasini ko'rishga imkon beradi. Mt. Kanlaon va Pulag tog'i yaxshi trekking joylari.
• Visita Iglesia - Church-visiting Catholic churches, holy sites, shrines, and basilicas. If you are religious try this, if you love art and architecture, churches are the best way to define what Filipino architecture.
• Whitewater rafting - There is good whitewater rafting in Mindanao, both in the north around Kagayan de Oro and in the south near Davao.

Akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish

Qarang Diving in the Philippines, Akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish va Snorkeling for more information

Scuba diving is spectacular in the Philippines. While there are many fine dive sites, including some in nearly every region of the country, two stand out as among the world's best:

• Tubbataha riflari tabiiy bog'i is a Philippines National Park and a YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati. It is a large area of coral reef, mostly shallow water with a few small islets and a sensational range of marine life. It is generally reached on live-aboard boats operating from Puerto-Princesa kuni Palavan.
• Koron has excellent wreck diving because the US Navy sank about ten Japanese ships in shallow water there in 1944.

Sotib oling

Pul

Exchange rates for Philippine pesos As of January 2, 2020: US$1 ≈ ₱51 €1 ≈ ₱57 UK£1 ≈ ₱67 Australian $1 ≈ ₱35 Canadian $1 ≈ ₱39 Japanese ¥100 ≈ ₱47 Chinese ¥1 ≈ ₱7.3 Hong Kong $1 ≈ ₱6.5 Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com

The Philippine peso (yoki piso), ISO code: PHP, is the official currency and is the only currency used for most transactions. It is usually denoted by the symbol "₱" (or P, without the double strike). One peso is subdivided into 100 centavos (or sentimo), denoted with the symbol ¢ (yoki v). Wikivoyage uses ₱ for pesos.

• Coins: 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, ₱1, ₱5, ₱10, and ₱20. There are two sets of coins in circulation: the 2018 "New Generation" series and the older 1995 "New Design" series. The 2018 coins are all nickel-plated steel; there is no 10¢ coin, and ₱20 coins were introduced in late 2019. Coins from 1995 are of various materials and colors.
• Bills: ₱20 (orange), ₱50 (red), ₱100 (purplish blue), ₱200 (green), ₱500 (yellow), and ₱1000 (light blue). Older versions of each bill have been demonetized since December 2016. The old bills have similar colors to their new counterparts, have the same people at the front (except for the ₱500 bill which also features former President Aquino) but rather than historical sites at the back, the newer bills feature Filipino natural wonders and species unique to the country.

U.S. dollars and euros may be accepted in some circumstances, but don't count on it.

Travelers usually see ₱20 and ₱50 bills, and ₱1, ₱5 and ₱10 coins as the most useful for common purchases. Centavo coins are nearly worthless: convenience stores, supermarkets and bus conductors are the few to hand them out as change, but they are commonly thrown away. Always have some coins in hand during morning hours; jeepney, taxi, tricycle drivers, and some merchants follow the barya lang [po] sa umaga rule, insisting they need coins to give back as change later in the day. Beware of counterfeits: bills from ₱100 and above are common targets for counterfeiters, but fake ₱20 and ₱50s also show up, especially in small shops.

The Philippines is fundamentally a cash-only society; it's just fine to carry wads of ₱1000 bills for medium to large purchases, though it's also risky. Some machines like coin-operated vending machines or coin laundries only accept ₱5 coins while pisonet computers accept ₱1, but many are not yet adjusted to accept coins from 2018. Machines selling drinks generally accept bills up to ₱50 in value.

Currency conversion

Money changers are common in malls and tourist areas, but less so elsewhere. A rule of thumb is that the more currency you wish to exchange, the more favorable the rates can be. Banks are widely available to exchange currency but usually impose a minimum amount (usually around US$100), generally have worse rates than money changers, and are usually open only from 9AM to 3PM (sometimes 4:30PM) on weekdays. However, you can enjoy their air conditioning during a long wait. Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) and Banco de Oro (BDO) have longer operating hours (sometimes as late as 7PM) in some locations.

Don't exchange money in stalls along the streets as some of them might be exchanging your money for counterfeit money. Contact Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines or BSP) if you suspect the money you've been given is counterfeit. Money changers do exist at department stores, supermarkets and hotels but the rates are highly unfavorable to customers and some will only exchange into pesos.

Bank faoliyati

Having a Philippine bank account is useful for long-term travelers or permanent residents, but not for an ordinary tourist or business traveler. International banks like Citibank yoki HSBC have only a few branches in large cities and opening a new account requires a huge deposit. The major local banks, like PNB, BDO, BPI yoki Metrobank, are better. Foreigners must have a valid passport, an Alien Certificate of Registration card and proof of a Philippines address – most often the residency certificate you got from the barangay. Most bank staff can speak English well, and you can also apply for a US dollar account with any of the major local banks.

Most of the 20,000 ATMs are connected to the local BancNet ATM network. Most banks will have at least one ATM on bank premises, and there are lots of off-site ATMs in shopping malls and other commercial buildings, mostly in the cities. In rural areas, often the only available ATMs are from Land Bank of the Philippines or the Philippine National Bank (PNB).

International networks like Plus and Cirrus are accessible with many ATMs, with Cirrus being more predominant, although many ATMs support both. Some banks also support other cards, including American Express, Diners Club, JCB and China UnionPay. Withdrawals are often limited to ₱10,000 depending on the bank. Most local banks charge a usage fee of ₱250 for using foreign cards. The best ATMs to withdraw money from are at one of the HSBC branches (eight in Metro Manila, and one each in Cebu City and Davao), where you can take out ₱40000 per transaction with no usage fee.

Credit card holders can use Visa, MasterCard, American Express, UnionPay, Diners Club and JCB cards, especially in the cities and in tourist areas, but merchants usually require a minimum purchase amount before they start accepting credit cards. Smaller merchants are usually cash-only. Credit cards are generally not accepted for government-related transactions, and in rural areas, credit card acceptance can range from limited to virtually non-existent.

Pay close attention when using ATMs, even when using ATMs on bank premises. While credit card fraud is uncommon in the Philippines, ATM tampering happens regularly. Obvious signs that an ATM has been tampered include loosely-installed keypads, larger-than-usual card slots, and wires or features that seem out of place.

Mobile payments

Mobile payments are slowly becoming available in shops and restaurants in large cities and major tourist destinations. Two popular mobile payment services are the QR-code based PayMaya va GCash, which are tied to Smart and Globe Telecom companies. PayMaya, which comes with a MasterCard EMV card, can allow you to pay tolls on the expressways operated by Metro Pacific (and even be the only way to pay in a public market in Valenzuela), while GCash is generally useful for mobile funds transfer, but both are useful for that purpose. You will only need a Philippine mobile number and the specific app, but you must top them up (load) at a convenience store, pawnshop or a bills payment centers. For the most part, they are more useful for long-term visitors than to most travelers.

NFC-based mobile payments such as Apple Pay va Android Pay are not generally accepted. Some shops and restaurants which see many mainland Chinese customers also take WeChat Pay and Alipay.

Tips

Tipping is not required in the Philippines, except when the customer wants to show appreciation for services rendered. However, tipping is becoming more common especially in service-oriented places (spa, salon). In some restaurants and hotels, "Service Charge" (8%-12%) is included in the bill when issued; thus, a customer has the option to give an additional tip or not. In taxis, it is common to add ₱20-50 on top of the fare.

Xarajatlar

Travelling in Philippines is arzon (one of the least expensive places to visit in Asia and in the world.) For example a stay in a pension house, tourist inn or lodge can cost as little as ₱300 a night for a fan room or ₱500 a night for an air-conditioned room. A flight to Cebu from Manila and vice-versa will cost as little as ₱999, while one from Manila to Davao can cost as little as ₱1595. Transportation can cost as little as ₱10 for the first 4 km (2.5 mi) in a jipni. Provincial bus fares are also cheap, even for a luxury bus.

Using the internet in an internet café ranges from ₱1 per 5 minutes (₱12 for a hour) on a pisonet ga ₱20 per hour on larger establishments, depending on the Internet café's location. A can of Coke costs as little as ₱20 while a copy of the International Herald Tribune costs ₱70 va The Economist as little as ₱160. In most restaurants, there is 12% Value Added Tax (VAT) usually included in the unit price but the service charge is often excluded and computed separately (although the restaurant may opt to waive the service charge if they only offer takeout service).

Xarid qilish

Shuningdek qarang: Shopping in the Philippines

What's a pasalubong? A pasalubong is a tradition practiced by Filipinos for a long time. It is something you bring to your friends and family as a souvenir, keepsake or gift from a place you have visited. A Pasalubong consists of food (usually delicacies and sweets), T-shirts, souvenirs such as key chains, bags, etc.

Living in the Philippines is cheap and shopping in the country is also cheap compared to elsewhere in southeast Asia.

The country has a lot of shopping malls, from large to small and from modern to traditional; consumerism is part of Filipino culture. The four largest mall operators in the country are SM, Robinson's, CityMall and Ayala with locations across the archipelago. Most malls are open from 10AM to 9PM; they open as early as 8AM and close as late as 11PM during Christmas shopping season (mid-September to early January). Many close every Christmas, New Year, and Good Friday, with a few exceptions. Due to terrorism risk, security is tight at malls, with lines for bag searches and metal detectors.

In major malls, department stores, supermarkets, and brand-name stores, the tag price normally includes value-added tax (VAT) and any applicable sales taxes. In bazaars and tiangges (markets), prices may be marked, but you can often savdolashish for a better price. It is common, especially for clothing, to get a better price if you buy two or more.

Supermarkets and convenience stores

Supermarketlar in the Philippines are dominated by four large chains, generally owned by Filipino-Chinese companies:

• SM Savemore & Walter Mart.
• Pure Gold & S & R & Lawson.
• Robinsons & Rustans & Shopwise & Wellcome.
• Gaisano & Metro.

Regional chains and mom-and-pop supermarkets, which may have lower prices than the four major chains, can be found as well, especially in less-developed areas of cities or in the countryside; see specific region or city pages for details.

Chain convenience stores, often tied with a major retailer, are common in urban areas. They generally have a wide variety of products, usually a subset of products sold in a grocery store, and fast food, and services like cell phone load, money transfer, courier service and bill payment. They mostly operate round the clock; the few exceptions are locations inside malls.

Traditional, sari-sari stores (small corner stores) are common, especially in the rural areas and the barangays. These are mostly family-owned stores usually found beside a road, and sell items that can be bought in grocery stores or general merchandise stores. Sari-sari stores also provide cell phone loading in addition to selling products.

Yemoq

Shuningdek qarang: Filipino cuisine

There is no single "Filipino cuisine", but rather a mosaic of various regional and ethnic cuisines. Local food varies as you travel between regions, provinces and islands, and ingredients vary by the local culture and economy, but there are broad characteristics that define Filipino food.

Filipino cuisine has developed from the different cultures that shaped its history; it is Southeast Asian cuisine but with influences from both Asia and the West. Though its cuisine is not as renowned as many of its neighbours, such as that of Thailand and Vietnam, Filipino cooking is nonetheless distinct in that it is possibly the least spicy of all Southeast Asian cuisines. Don't make the mistake of thinking that Filipino food is bland, though. It is just that instead of spices, Filipino food depends more on garlic, onions, ginger and vinegar to add flavor to dishes, and is mostly sweet, sour, and salty. Painstaking preparation and prolonged cooking time is also a characteristic of most Filipino dishes, and when done properly is often what brings out the flavor of the food, as opposed to a healthy dose of spices. As with the rest of Southeast Asia, rice is the staple food of the Philippines, but parts of the country rather have corn instead.

To experience how the Filipinos eat in a budget way, carinderias (eateries) and turo-turo (literally "point-point", buffet-style restaurants where you choose the food to be served to you) are some of the options. Mains cost less than ₱50. Carinderias serve food cooked earlier and it may not always be the safest of options.

You'll be hard pressed to find a mall without the requisite American tez tayyorlanadigan ovqat chains, which have their menus adapted to local tastes, but national chains such as Jollibee (hamburgers), Greenwich (pizza), and Mang Inasal (chicken barbecue) also capture the Filipino taste buds and are competitive. If you want even cheaper fast food, go to roadside burger shacks or the numerous food kiosks or stands in malls and public transportation terminals.

Filippin street food is one of the best however it may not be as clean as the ones you find in Singapore. Street food vendors have been criticized because of their unhygienic practices and unhealthy options but also praised for affordability and taste. Street food sold in malls, while often viewed as a show-off to appeal the refined tongue, is much safer and better.

Tropical fruits abound in the Philippines. Most of the countryside produce finds its way to the metro areas and can be easily bought in supermarkets.

Meal patterns are basically similar to those in the Spanish-speaking world due to the country's history. Lunch is the most important meal, eaten between 11AM to 3PM, and a mid-morning or afternoon snack (merienda) is common.

Some Filipinos strictly use the serving spoon rule, believing that offering utensils or food that had come contact with someone's saliva is rude, disgusting, and will cause food to get spoiled quickly. Singing or having an argument while eating is considered rude, as they believe food is grace; food won't come to you if you keep disrespecting it. Filipinos usually say a prayer before food is served, furthermore wait till the host invites you to start eating. Also, it is rude to refuse food that the host offers or leave the dining table while someone is still eating.

Dietary restrictions

Vegetarians va vegans will find it difficult to find a Filipino dish which is wholly vegetarian as most Filipinos add meat in every single dish they eat. You can find some vegetarian restaurants in the Philippines, mostly lurking in the commercial, financial and provincial capitals, and most of them use tofu instead of meat. Nearly all towns have large markets with a fine selection of fruits and vegetables, mostly at good prices.

Muslims will find it hard to find Halal food outside predominantly Muslim areas in the Philippines. Hindus will find Indian restaurants which serve some vegetarian options in the most of the larger cities. Jews will also find it hard to find Kosher meals. However rabbis in the Philippines suggest some stores which sell Kosher food.

Awareness of food allergies or celiac disease is limited to non-existent.

Ichish

Shuningdek qarang: Filipino cuisine

Due to the tropical climate of the Philippines, chilled drinks are popular. Stands selling chilled drinks and shakes are common especially in shopping malls.

Filipinos (except for observant Muslims) love to drink (and get drunk). Filipinos rarely consume alcohol by itself. They would normally have what is called as pulutan or bar chow alongside their drinks which is like the equivalent of tapas. Beer is perhaps the most common form of alcohol consumed in bars.

Alcohol is cheap in the Philippines, some of the cheapest in the whole of Asia. In a supermarket the excellent local beers are around ₱35 and 750 ml (26 imp fl oz; 25 US fl oz) bottles of tolerable local rum or brandy start under ₱100. In many bars beer is around ₱60 and mixed drinks ₱90-150.

Uyqu

Accommodation options range from luxury five-star hotels/resorts to backpacker inns, but off the beaten track, options are sparse. Rates begin at ₱200, or higher depending on location, season and demand. Large cities such as Manila or Cebu have a higher price bracket, so do major tourist destinations.

Uyda yashash (or "transient homes", or "transient") or bed and breakfasts are common in the provinces, especially in tourist towns that do not have much commercial accommodation. Many are just basic homes that provide meals, but some may have a swimming pool.

Motellar (or "short-time [hotels]") are another cheap option, but they have a reputation for being havens for illicit sex. They tend to be scattered in red-light districts, but many are clustered along major highways. Rates are per hour dan per day, and it generally costs ₱600-1000 for overnight stays (at least 6 to 10 hours), or ₱200-400 for short stays (2 to 5 hours).

Mehmonxonalar va resorts are usually for the higher-end traveler, although rates — even for four-star establishments — are not very high compared to other international destinations. Condotels are furnished condominium units rented out for long or short term stays, while apartelles are set up for both short and long term stays. Pension houses, tourist inns and lodging houses are usually more basic and economical from ₱200 per night.

Cheaper places often have only fans instead of air conditioning, and no private toilet or shower. Even if you get a private shower, it may not have hot water, but this is not a big problem in a hot country. Bathtubs are rare in any accommodation, and the shower is often not separated from the toilet except in top-end hotels.

There are backpacker hostels all over the Philippines with dorm beds from ₱200.

O'rganing

You must apply for a student (9F) visa if you study in a college or university in the Philippines, and those studying on an elementary, secondary, technical/vocational, or special school registered to allow foreign enrollment must apply for a student permit (along with other required documents if below 18 or required by the institution).

Tertiary education

Education is taken seriously in the Philippines, and studying is a good way to experience life in the country. Many foreigners such as Europeans, Chinese, Americans and Koreans go to university in the Philippines, partly because compared to other countries universities here are cheaper. The system is similar to the Americans system. The most prestigious institutions include University of the Philippines (UP), De La Salle University (DLSU), Ateneo de Manila University, Far Eastern University (FEU) and Adamson University. For American veterans, the VA will pay for courses at approved universities here.

Learning English

The Philippines is one of the largest centers for learning ESL (English as a Second Language) in Asia. Transport from Asian countries, living costs and tuition are all much lower than for the major English-speaking countries and the climate is pleasant.

There are many English learning centers around the country; many are in Metro Manila (especially Taguig City), Bakolodva Sebu, but there are some in all the major cities and in some of the resort areas. There are some jobs for foreign teachers in these places, though they mostly use Filipino teachers and generally will not offer high salaries to foreigners. Qarang Teaching English.

Boshqalar

• Akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish: There is a great variety of dive sites and many have PADI-accredited diving schools where you can obtain your certifications. Costs (of both lessons and equipment) are likely to be cheaper than even in Tailand va Malayziya.
• Martial arts: Eskrima yoki Kali is a Filipino martial art that emphasizes using swords and sticks; it has been showcased in films such as Equilibrium. There are many training centers around Metro Manila and some almost anywhere in the country. Many other martial arts are also taught, but in any but a really large city only one or two will be available.
• Filipino/Tagalog or regional languages: Limited opportunities are available to seriously study Filipino or a regional language, as most Filipinos can readily read, speak and understand English (and jobs available to foreigners do not require Filipino language skills), but you can readily pick up any local language through lessons with locals, books, and online resources. Filipino is a mandatory subject in the Philippine education system, so you can be immersed in it while studying in the country.

Ish

Under Philippine law, any foreigner working must have an Alien Employment Permit issued by the Department of Labor. The paperwork is in general handled by the prospective employer and the employee picks up the relevant visa at a Philippine Embassy or Consulate. Working without a permit is not allowed, and doing so means you have no protection under labor laws. Furthermore, visas are checked upon departing the Philippines. Those who have overstayed without permission are subject to fines and, in certain cases, even jail.

It is possible for foreigners to earn casual money while staying in the Philippines, especially in Manila and other bigger cities in provinces. These may include temporary teaching in schools, colleges and other institutions, and working in bars and clubs. Temporary work may also be available as an extra on the set of a film or television series. Fluency in English is very important in jobs while knowledge of Filipino or Tagalog is not needed. The Philippines has overtaken India in the call center industry, and many international companies hire English fluent workers.

Most establishments pay monthly but informal jobs pay out variably either cash on hand or weekly.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

The Philippine penal system The legal system tends to be slow, and prison conditions are poor and dangerous. A falsely accused person could spend a long time in jail before being acquitted. Bail is often denied, especially for foreigners. Foreigners are sometimes given shorter sentences than those provided. For minor offenses, foreigners often serve only a few weeks before being deported. For serious crimes, however, a foreign citizen will be sentenced to a long term in jail, followed by deportation.

Transitioning from years of dictatorship, neglect and economic stagnation toward democracy and development, the Philippines suffers from crime, corruption, and ongoing insurgencies. While foreign governments and the media exaggerates the threats, the country is, by and large, peaceful except for some regions experiencing low-level insurgencies. Crime levels in major cities are relatively comparable to those in American cities.

The country has one of those having the most deaths from natural disasters known to humankind: earthquakes, tropical cyclones (typhoons), floods, and tropical diseases.

The Philippines is quite low-income: unskilled jobs generally pay US$100-200 a month and even many good jobs are under $500. More or less all travelers will be perceived as rich by local standards. This makes you a prime target for thieves, scammers, prostitutes and corrupt officials. Do not make it worse by displaying a Rolex, an iPhone and a Nikon or by pulling out a stack of ₱1000 notes when you pay a restaurant bill.

Law enforcement

Politsiya

Hostage taking There have been cases where tourists are specifically targeted and taken as hostage by insurgent groups or former police officers, with the most notorious incident being the Manila hostage crisis of 2010, where a group of Hong Kong tourists was taken hostage on a bus, and the police's botched rescue resulted in 8 hostage deaths. Always be vigilant of your surroundings and don't venture out alone after dark.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) is responsible for law enforcement for the country, and their officers are easily identifiable through their dark blue uniforms. Some officers would be wearing a light blue collared shirt (with PNP insignia on the chest) or T-shirt (with PULIS printed behind), this includes those stationed at tourist locations and smaller Police Community Precincts (PCPs). PNP's traffic law enforcement arm, the Highway Patrol Group (HPG), who patrols national highways and rural checkpoints, wear the same uniform as most police, but may be wearing a reflectorized vest. Police vehicles are generally white, with many variations by local division, but most should have the word PULIS or PULISYA at the front, and a white license plate with red text.

All police officers have nationwide authority. Many can speak English, but this depends on where you are in. Many are easily approachable, but some are not well-paid and therefore corrupt.

Traffic police

Aside from the PNP HPG, many cities and municipalities have their own traffic police force that enforce traffic law at the local level. Traffic police are generally called traffic enforcers yoki traffic aides. Uniforms vary by municipality, but many wear a cap and pants with reflectorized strips, and some don a vest for additional visibility. Many local traffic police forces have a bad reputation for corruption and poor training.

While its constituent cities have their own traffic police, Metro Manila has a region-wide traffic law enforcement authority, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which has constables who patrols the major thoroughfares. MMDA constables wear a bright blue uniform, and are mostly courteous and trained. Most now serve roles in controlling traffic at major intersections and traffic bottlenecks, and only a few write tickets for traffic law violations. In addition, they also enforce regional ordinances against smoking, spitting, urinating in public, littering and jaywalking.

Barangay tanod

In addition to police, barangays also have tanod, or village watchers, who are responsible for neighborhood policing. Most of them are unarmed, but some are armed with a bolo, a kind of machete. There is no standard uniform, but many wear a shirt with a vest, usually one bearing the barangay name, over it. Tanods, especially those in roadside outposts, will be happy to give directions should you get lost.

Private security

Private security guards are common on most establishments, especially malls, banks, transportation terminals, and government offices, and they will be mostly dressed in a white or navy blue shirt and black pants, and may also be armed with shotguns. Female guards may have the same uniform as males, but some would wear a black pencil skirt and hose. Some guards may have a black cap with badge. Most of them are friendly and approachable, but some are poorly trained, aggressive and corrupt.

Jinoyat

Crime, along with impunity and corruption within the police force, has increased since the return to democracy, and while the rate is relatively high by Western standards, they mostly happen within crowded or rough areas of large cities. Most common are pickpocketing, bag snatching, and hold-up robbery; flaunting high-denomination bills, designer bags, or personal gadgets puts you at risk for those. Beware of the budol-budol scam, where victims are hypnotized to follow the robbers' demands; it is common around Manila, but foreigners are rarely targeted. Getting involved in a crime might introduce you into the slow Filipino justice system.

Smash-and-grab theft on parked cars (the basag-kotse modus operandi) is common, even in guarded parking areas, so do not leave anything valuable inside the car, especially on the dashboard.

Distraction theft is uncommon, but they happen; such cases often involve dropping a coin (the laglag-barya scam), or intentionally sticking a piece of used chewing gum to a bus seat. In restaurants, one common scam involves staged beverage spills.

Bag-snatching by motorcycle riders, especially those riding in tandem, is common. Sometimes, they will pull the bag along with the person for a few meters. Be careful when carrying expensive bags, as it may catch the attention of snatchers. Avoid wearing jewelry, especially earrings or rings, when going into crowded areas.

Avoid getting into fights or confrontations with locals. Filipinos are generally smaller than Westerners, but being outnumbered by a group of three or even a mob is absolute trouble. Police, despite being able to communicate in English by and large, will not intervene on behalf of a foreigner in an altercation with locals. Getting into a fight with locals is a common cause for foreigners to be deported from the Philippines. Shuningdek avoid raising your voice, which can be taken for anger and even make the other person violent; some simple arguments ended up with murder for causing the person to lose face and run amok (magdilim ng paningin). Drunken locals can get violent and run amok, and bar fights are not uncommon, especially with East Asians. Filipinos are generally peace-loving people; showing hiya (saving face, literally "shame") and settling the issue diplomatically is better than getting into trouble.

The sindikato (Filipino organized crime syndicates) are almost never a threat to the ordinary traveler, and mostly focus on drugs, human trafficking and contract killing. Entering a run-down neighborhood of a large city, you could possibly be assaulted by thugs in unprovoked kursonada attacks, but this is generally unlikely unless you look like a Filipino.

Road travel

Shuningdek qarang: Driving in the Philippines

Over 11,000 people die from traffic accidents in the Philippines every year, and many crashes involve motorcycles and tricycles, especially on rural highways. Reckless driving, poor road maintenance, lax traffic enforcement, a mix of brand-new and dilapidated vehicles on the streets, red tape and corruption in the licensing and registration process, and lack of driver education all contribute to the dangerous driving environment. Crossing the street is risky as pedestrian crossings are seldom followed. Driving at night is more dangerous as signs, markings, delineators, or lights are lacking, and some drivers do not lower their headlights. While the government has been attempting to improve the situation by streamlining the licensing process, installing signs and CCTVs in accident hotspots, placing random checkpoints along rural highways, and introducing speed guns to police to catch manic speeders (kaskasero), it remains to be seen. Driving is a dangerous experience for foreigners, but many get around without incident. Renting a car with driver is recommended but not necessary.

Safety on provincial buses may not be up to international standards. Try to travel on reputable bus companies and avoid ordinary buses where possible. Ordinary buses are not only crowded and uncomfortable; the vehicle may be dilapidated and therefore unsafe for travel.

Beware of unlicensed (colorum) jeepneys, vans, taxis and tricycles. Licensed vehicles have yellow and black license plates, and standard operator info, and route/service area markings; colorum vehicles have private vehicle license plates (either black or green text on white background, or green text on blue sky background) and no additional marking. Legitimate vehicles running outside of their marked route or service area without permission are also considered colorum. Avoid riding one of them unless they're the only form of transport available, as they tend to be overloaded, drivers might charge higher fares, and passengers are not insured should they get involved in a crash.

Corruption

Corruption is a serious issue in the country, and the kotong ("bribe") culture, also helped by the meager wages of officials, widespread red tape, and patronage, is prevalent within the police or the Philippine bureaucracy. The situation is not as bad as back in the 1980s and 1990s, but some forms of corruption continue to persist

Beware of immigration scams at Ninoy Aquino xalqaro aeroporti. Immigration officers might welcome you with a "Merry Christmas", even as early as August, and then ask you for "gifts" or a tip. More serious is the hold-departure order scam: a rogue immigration official will tell you you cannot leave the country because you were issued a hold-departure order (criminal travel injunction) and placed on an immigration blacklist for a crime you did not commit, and airport security will then come and hold you at their office until you bribe them. This rarely happens to foreigners, but might happen with returning Filipinos. Clarifying that a part of your name (especially the middle name) does not match those in the blacklist can help avoid this scam.

While not as bad as before, Philippine law enforcement is infamous for street-level corruption. Police officers or traffic police are known to extort bribes. Fines for minor infractions are very easy to get around, ranging from ₱300-500, but cops may even ask for outrageous amounts, or threaten you to go to their station and talk with their superior. Police may even ask you for a bribe before filing a formal complaint, but this is no longer common. Body cameras and more widespread video surveillance cameras are curbing street-level corruption, and thanks to the prevalence of smartphones and social media, you can grab one and video them, so you can have any evidence against them. If the vehicle you're riding in gets pulled over, it is the driver's responsibility to handle the situation and best for you not to get involved.

Philippine bureaucracy is also plagued with corruption. Acting polite, asking for a receipt, and smiling will avoid any problems when dealing with the bureaucracy. Consider calling the civil service complaint hotline 8888 or writing a polite complaint letter if you run into trouble with the bureaucracy.

Carry your passport, or a photocopy of both the identification page and your visa, at all times as random checks by police or immigration are not uncommon.

Tilanchilik

Tilanchilik for money (and handling money to beggars) is illegal since the Marcos era, but you may encounter lots of beggars in almost every medium to large city in the Philippines. Beggars range from street children, the homeless, and people handling solicitation envelopes on buses and jeepneys.

Nomadic Bajau (or Badjao, also known as the "Sea Gypsies") women and children also beg in port cities, but they can be found farther inland. In some regions, "Badjao" has become synonymous with beggars.

Female travelers

While women are respected in Filipino culture, crimes against women remain prevalent. Attitudes toward women remain conservative, and many Filipino men openly display machismo. While foreign women are rarely targeted for rape, there are chances you get groped by strangers, harassed by male bystanders and robbed when traveling alone in a taxi.

While wearing short shorts, miniskirts, and other revealing clothes is fine in most parts of the country (except in the Muslim-majority regions), it makes you an target for opportunistic crime, and some places have outlawed wearing of any immodest apparel to combat rape and street harassment. A good rule of thumb is to observe Filipinas; in some areas they will be showing a lot of skin, but in others they will be covered. Foreign women need not go as far in either direction as the local lasses, but should go in the same direction.

Homosexuality

Despite prevailing conservative mores, the Philippines is very tolerant to homosexuals and is the most LGBT-tolerant nation in Asia. Some cities, municipalities and provinces have passed ordinances protecting homosexual people, but a few places, like the Muslim-majority city of Marawi, have ordinances punishing homosexuality. LGBT people will be fine in the country, but you should not be too indiscreet – a pair kissing in public may get stares or even verbal profanity. Country folk, Moros (Filipino Muslims), and the elderly are more conservative and will condemn it. Violence against gays and lesbians is rare.

Sex and prostitution

Many Filipinas eagerly seek out well-off men, both Filipino and foreign, as boyfriends or husbands. Foreign men are nearly all rich by local standards and will usually find themselves much more in demand than they would be at home.

Prostitution is illegal in the Philippines, but it is a thriving business. The country has several hundred thousand prostitutes. By no means all of those are professionals; a woman in a typical low-paid job can roughly double her income by sleeping with one or two guys a week, and some do just that on most weekends.

There are periodic crackdowns on prostitution, and penalties are harsh for those who are arrested—large fines, possibly prison, and likely deportation with a ban on returning to the country. Corrupt cops may target foreigners in order to extract large bribes, and prostitutes have been known to set up their customers for such schemes or to scam their customers in other ways. Also, as anywhere, sexually transmitted diseases are a large risk.

The commonest form of prostitution establishment is usually called a girlie bar yoki bikini bar in the Philippines, but similar places in Tailand are called go-go bars and some travelers use that term here. It is also fairly common to visit these clubs just to enjoy the show, a lot of scantily-clad dancers who compete to catch customers' eyes.

Enforcement of laws against sexual abuse of children, including child pornography, and against human trafficking is more vigorous than enforcement of prostitution laws, and the penalties are harsher. For people arrested on those charges bail is rarely granted, and it is almost certain to be denied for foreigners, so even someone who eventually beats the charge will usually spend months in jail. As in any prison, child molesters can expect to get a hard time from other inmates and little help from guards.

The age of consent is 12 as of 2019. Anyone caught with someone younger than that (not necessarily having sex, just caught with them in a private place) will be charged with rape and should expect a stiff prison sentence, followed by deportation. Having sex with someone who is both under 18 and 10 years younger than you is also illegal and likely to bring jail and deportation. Vaziyatni ancha murakkablashtiradigan yana bir qancha qonunlar mavjud; chet ellik mehmon uchun 18 yoshgacha bo'lgan har qanday odamdan uzoqroq turish eng xavfsiz yo'ldir.

Filippin qonunchiligidan tashqari, yana bir jiddiy huquqiy xavf mavjud. Aksariyat G'arb mamlakatlarida hatto mamlakat tashqarisida ham bolalar jinsiy aloqasini taqiqlovchi qonunlar mavjud; bolani buzgan bola Filippindagi xatti-harakatlari uchun uyda javobgarlikka tortilishi mumkin. Bunday hollarda, bu ta'qib etuvchi davlatning qoidalari qo'llaniladi; Masalan, 23 yoshgacha bo'lgan sayyoh 13 yoshli bola bilan jinsiy aloqada bo'lishi Filippin qonunchiligiga binoan qonuniy bo'lishi mumkin, ammo vatanga qaytgan sud buni maqbul deb bilishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas.

Filippinlik bolalar bilan muloqot qilishda ehtiyot bo'ling, ayniqsa ularni suratga olishni yoki davolamoqchi bo'lsangiz. Ba'zi filippinliklar siz ularni odam savdosi uchun tashkil etmoqdasiz deb o'ylashadi va bolalar savdosi mamlakatda jiddiy muammo hisoblanadi.

Odam savdosi uchun jazo umrbod qamoq jazosiga qadar.

Giyohvand moddalar

Filippinlar noqonuniy giyohvand moddalar uchun salbiy obro'ga ega va sust ijro etilishi va unchalik og'ir bo'lmagan jazolar (ya'ni o'lim jazosi yo'q) tufayli u chet ellik noqonuniy giyohvand moddalar operatsiyalari uchun bazaga aylandi, bu asosan etnik xitoylar Xitoy yoki Tayvanda giyohvand moddalarga oid qattiq qonundan qochib qutulish bilan bog'liq. . Filippinda giyohvand moddalar bilan shug'ullanadigan boshqa xorijiy millatlarning oz sonli qismi ham bor, masalan, G'arbiy Afrikaliklar va Meksikaliklar tranzit paytida ham giyohvand moddalarni olib o'tishga harakat qilishmoqda.

Marixuana va shabu (billur metamfetamin) mamlakatda keng qo'llaniladi. Biroq, ular ham noqonuniy hisoblanadi va jazo choralari juda qattiq: siz uzoq muddatli qamoq jazosiga hukm qilishingiz, keyin deportatsiya qilishingiz mumkin. Shabu berish uchun ishlatiladigan kichik shisha yoki po'lat naychalar ("tooters") singari giyohvand moddalar bilan shug'ullanish ham sizni hibsga olishga majbur qilishi mumkin. Garov kamdan-kam hollarda giyohvand moddalar bilan bog'liq jinoyatlar uchun beriladi, deyarli hech qachon odam savdosi yoki shabu egaligi uchun, shuning uchun hatto aybni kaltaklagan odamlar ham bir necha oy qamoqda o'tirishi mumkin. Hokimiyat muntazam ravishda giyohvand moddalar uyalari va laboratoriyalarida reyd o'tkazdi, ayniqsa shabu ishlab chiqaradigan yoki sotadiganlar.

Ekstazi (MDMA) kabi qimmatbaho partiyaviy dorilar yoki "yuqori uchib ketish" kabi dizaynerlar, Manila va Sebu kabi yirik shaharlarda tungi hayot manzaralarida keng tarqalgan. Rave partiyalari, shuningdek, giyohvand moddalar va boshoqlangan ichimliklar uchun issiq joylardir. Politsiya bunday dorilarga nisbatan qo'pol muomala qiladi va ulardan foydalanish oqibatlari o'limga olib kelishi mumkin.

Metamfetamin (shabu) kuchli stimulyator va juda yoqimsiz moddadir, bu ko'plab sabablarga ko'ra eng yaxshisidir. Dozani oshirib yuborish zudlik bilan o'ldiradi va haddan tashqari stimulyatsiya tanani, ayniqsa yurakni yoqib yuborishga moyildir, shuning uchun uzoq muddat foydalanish haddan tashqari dozasiz ham o'ldirishi mumkin. Qo'shiqda aytilganidek: "Tezlik o'ldiradi!" Bundan tashqari, narsalar juda o'ziga qaram. Shuningdek, preparat og'ir foydalanuvchilarning shaxsiyatini o'zgartiradi, ularga paranoyaga va tajovuzkorlikka moyilligini beradi.

Tabiiy ofatlar

Filippinda tabiiy ofatlar bilan bog'liq ko'plab o'limlar mavjud, bu dunyoda Xitoydan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turadi. Xatarlarga quyidagilar kiradi tayfunlar, musson yomg'irlari, toshqinlar, zilzilalarva vulqon otilishi.

Musson yomg'irlari va toshqinlari

Kuchli yog'ingarchilik - mahalliy momaqaldiroq, tayfun yoki musson shamollari natijasida - Filippin iqlimining bir qismidir. Aholi zich joylashgan shaharlar yog'ingarchilik va kuchli shamol ta'siridan xavfsiz emas. Ba'zi toshqin xavfi bo'lgan joylarda mahalliy hokimiyatlar toshqin kutilgan taqdirda hududlarni evakuatsiya qilishga yordam berish uchun toshqinlarni aniqlash tizimlarini joylashtirdilar. Har qanday sohada eng yaxshi ma'lumot manbalari mahalliy ommaviy axborot vositalari, shahar yoki viloyat hukumatlari va mahalliy aholi hisoblanadi.

Janubi-g'arbiy musson (habagat) may oyi oxiri va oktyabr oyi boshlari orasida eng ko'p yog'ingarchiliklar kelib chiqadi va toshqinlar ba'zida tez-tez uchraydi, ayniqsa tayfun uni kuchaytiradi. Shimoli-sharqiy musson (amihan) yanvar-mart oylarida ham kuchli yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin. Ko'plab transport vositalari baland suv toshqini va tiqilib qolgan drenaj tufayli yomonlashgan suv toshqinlarida qolib ketishi mumkin.

Janubi-g'arbiy musson paytida ham quyosh ko'pincha porlashi mumkin, ammo soyabon olib kelish oqilona bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa, kumulonimbus bulutlari paydo bo'lganida. Ikki maqsadli narsalarni ko'rib chiqing; shlyapa yoki soyabon himoya qila oladi tropik quyosh shuningdek, yomg'irga qarshi.

Tayfunlar

Tayfunlar odatda Tinch okeanidan chiqib, mamlakatning turli qismlarini aylanib o'tib, keyin Osiyo materikiga qarab yurishadi. Kuchli yomg'ir va kuchli shamollar, odatda, birgalikda paydo bo'lib, katta zarar etkazishi mumkin va qirg'oqdagi bo'ron ko'tarilishi yoki tog'larda ko'chkilar kabi ikkinchi darajali ta'sirlar ham jiddiy bo'lishi mumkin. Tayfunlar odatda keng maydonni qamrab oladi, butun orollarga yoki katta mintaqalarga ta'sir qiladi.

Filippinda tayfunning ikkita nomi bor, biri xalqaro ob-havo agentligi tomonidan tayinlangan, boshqasi esa Filippin atmosfera, geofizika va astronomik xizmatlar ma'muriyati yoki PAGASA. Masalan, 2013 yilda quruqlikda qayd etilgan eng kuchli shamol bo'lgan tayfun va so'nggi tarixdagi eng vayronkor tropik bo'ron bu erga etib keldi. Samar va boshqa bir qancha hududlarni vayron qildi; xalqaro miqyosda "Xayyan tayfuni" va Filippinda "Yolanda tayfuni" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan.

Tayfunlar quruqlikka tahdid solmoqda, ammo dengizda ham ular kemani ag'darib yuborishi mumkin bo'lgan xavf mavjud. Tayfun haqida ogohlantirish signalining №2 signalini ko'targandan so'ng, kemalar va feribotlarni suzib yurish taqiqlanadi. Tayfun kutilsa, ehtiyot bo'ling va sayohatingizni bekor qiling.

Tayfun tufayli kuchli shamol tufayli ko'pincha reyslar bekor qilinadi. Siz parvozlarni bir necha kun oralig'ida ulash jadvalini xohlashingiz mumkin, agar birinchi reysingiz bekor qilingan bo'lsa, siz keyinroq reysni amalga oshirishingiz va aloqangizni davom ettirishingiz mumkin.

Tornadolar

Filippinlarda ham mavjud tornado (ipo-ipo yoki buxavi), garchi ular Qo'shma Shtatlardagidek tez-tez va halokatli emas. Biror kishi oldindan ogohlantirmasdan, ayniqsa oddiy momaqaldiroq tufayli paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zilari dengizda hosil bo'lgan suv o'tkazgichlari. Filippindagi aksariyat uylar va binolar betondan yasalgan, shuning uchun jiddiy zarar faqat tozalangan tomlar, singan derazalar va mayda chiqindilar bilan cheklanadi. Vaqtinchalik tuzilmalar, ular tayfunlarga juda ta'sirchan bo'lganlari singari, eng ko'p zarar ko'radi.

Zilzila va tsunami

Filippinlar materik Evroosiyo plitasi va subduktsiya qiluvchi Filippin dengiz plitasi orasidagi geologik jihatdan beqaror hududda joylashgan bo'lib, Tinch okeanining olov halqasining bir qismidir. Filippinning istalgan qismida zilzilalar sodir bo'lishi ehtimoli katta.

Zilzilalar (lindol) tez-tez uchraydi, lekin ularning aksariyati zaif va kamdan kam seziladi, ba'zilari esa tsunamini qo'zg'atishi mumkin (quyida quyida izohlanadi). So'nggi yirik 2013 yil oktabrda, orolda 7,2 balli zilzila sodir bo'lgan Bohol, uylarni vayron qilish, ko'p asrlik cherkovlarni ag'darish, 200 dan ortiq odamni o'ldirish va qo'shni hududdagi ba'zi inshootlarga zarar etkazish Sebu viloyat. Ko'pgina binolar va inshootlar kuchli silkinishlarga qarshi turish uchun standartlarga muvofiq ishlab chiqilmagan yoki jihozlanmagan va vaqtincha yoki sifatsiz qurilish muammo bo'lib qolmoqda.

Zilzilalar Filippinning istalgan joyida sodir bo'lishi mumkin, ammo eng yuqori xavfli mintaqa Metro Manila va Janubiy Luzon bo'lib, u erda Vodiy yoriqlari tizimi mavjud. The G'arbiy vodiy xatosi istalgan vaqtda harakatlanishi va 7,2 magnitudali zilzila ("Katta" deb nomlangan) ga olib kelishi mumkin, bu 100000 ga yaqin odam o'lishi va jarohat olishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Nosozlik atrofidagi joylarda muntazam ravishda zilzila mashqlari olib borilmoqda, bu joylarda odamlar tabiiy ofat sodir bo'lishiga tayyor bo'lishlarini ta'minlash.

Tsunamilar qirg'oq bo'yidagi hududlarda katta xavf tug'diradi. Noyob bo'lsa-da, tsunami kelib chiqqandan keyin qirg'oq hududlarini evakuatsiya qilishga tayyor bo'ling. Aksariyat qirg'oq zonalari tsunami xavfi bo'lgan hududlardir, ayniqsa, dengiz osti xandaqlari yonida joylashgan bo'lib, ularni qo'zg'atishi mumkin.

Vulkanlar

Vulkanlar Filippinda Olovli halqada joylashganligi sababli xavf tug'dirishi mumkin va aksariyat hududlar vulqon otilishiga moyil. Filippinda 50 ta vulqon mavjud va ularning yarmi faol deb tasniflanadi. So'nggi yuqori darajadagi portlash 1991 yilda Pinatubo tog'i bo'lgan. U atrofdagi viloyatlarda millionlab odamlarga ta'sir qilgan va global haroratning pasayishiga olib kelgan kul va laxarni tarqatgan. Mayon, yilda Olbay, mukammal konus bilan ajralib turadigan, tez-tez otilishi bilan xavf tug'diradigan bir nechta faol vulqonlardan biridir. Taal vulqoni dunyodagi eng kichik vulqon bo'lgan Batangasda uning kaldera ko'lida yaqinlashib kelayotgan otilish alomatlari paydo bo'lganda ham xavfli.

Eng faol vulqonlar, shuningdek, sayyohlik yo'nalishlari va vulqonning xavfsizlik qoidalari ushbu toqqa chiqish paytida murojaat qiling. Vulqon haqida ogohlantirishlar berilsa, rejalashtirilgan yo'llarning yopilishiga e'tibor bering va hech qachon belgilangan taqiq zonalariga kirishga urinmang.

Fuqarolik mojarosi

Filippinlar o'z tarixi davomida Mindanaodagi islomiy ayirmachilar va Yangi Xalq armiyasi (NPA) qoshidagi kommunistlar kabi isyonchi guruhlar bilan kurashib kelmoqda.

G'arbga muhim bo'lmagan sayohat Mindanaoo'z ichiga oladi Sulu arxipelagi, Zamboanga yarim oroliva materik provinsiyalari Bangsamoro, terrorizm, qaroqchilik va islomiy isyonlar tufayli xavfsizlik holati ancha yomonlashgani sababli tushkunlikka tushmoqda. Vaziyat birozdan beri yaxshilangan bo'lsa-da Maravi qamal va 2019 yilgi plebisitlar, portlashlar va o'g'irlashlar 2020 yilda ham vaqti-vaqti bilan sodir bo'lishda davom etdi.

Mindanaoning qolgan qismi xavfsiz bo'lib qolmoqda, ammo ba'zi mamlakatlarda hanuzgacha zo'ravonlik jinoyati va terrorizm tufayli mintaqaning qolgan qismiga sayohat qilishni to'xtatish bo'yicha maslahatlar mavjud, agar siz u erga borsangiz, sayohat sug'urtasi yoki konsullik yordami cheklangan bo'lishi mumkin. Ning aholisi kam bo'lgan mintaqasi Caraga (bor Siargao orol) Mindanaoning boshqa materiklariga qaraganda ancha xavfsizroq, ammo o'rmon kommunistik qo'zg'olonchilarni ham qamrab oladi va mamlakatning eng qashshoq mintaqalaridan biri hisoblanadi.

Mamlakatning boshqa joylarida kommunistik isyonchilar, Yangi Xalq armiyasi (NPA) ostida, ichki muammo. Ular qishloq yo'llari bo'ylab noqonuniy nazorat punktlarini o'rnatib, o'tib ketayotgan avtoulovlardan pul undirishadi, ammo ular oddiy sayohatchilarni bezovta qilmay, aksariyat hollarda avtobuslar va yuk tashiydigan yuk mashinalarini nishonga olishmoqda.

Terrorizm

Sayyohlik yo'nalishlariga qaratilgan terroristik harakatlar kamdan-kam uchraydi, ammo o'tmishda bir nechta shov-shuvli hujumlar bo'lgan, odatda portlashlar, masalan, 2000 yil Rizal kuni sodir etilgan portlashlar, 2004 yil SuperFerri portlashi, 2005 yil Sevishganlar kuni va 2016 yil Davao shahridagi tungi bozor. bombardimon qilish. O'shandan beri Mindanao ichidagi vaqti-vaqti bilan sodir bo'lgan voqealarni hisobga olmaganda, hech qanday katta bombardimon bo'lmagan. Ushbu voqealar sababli xavfsizlik tobora ko'proq invaziv bo'lib borayotgan bo'lsa-da, savdo markazlariga, jamoat transporti terminallariga va shunga o'xshash narsalarga kirishda aeroport uslubidagi tartib-qoidalar mavjud bo'lsa-da, paranoid bo'lishga hojat yo'q.

Bomba hazillari Filippin qonunchiligiga binoan jinoiy qilmish deb qaraladi va 6 oylik qamoq bilan jazolanadi.

Siyosiy notinchlik va norozilik namoyishlari

Namoyish va norozilik namoyishlari odatiy bo'lib, ko'pincha zo'ravonlikka aylanadi. Aksariyat mitinglar Manilada, xususan Malakanang yaqinidagi Mendiola ko'chasida va AQSh elchixonasi yaqinidagi Roxas Blvdda bo'lib o'tadi. Namoyish o'tkaziladigan joyga kirishdan saqlaning. Qo'shimcha, chet elliklarga namoyishlarga qo'shilish taqiqlanadi, bu qamoq muddati va deportatsiya bilan jazolanadi.

Vaqti-vaqti bilan transport ish tashlashlari, odatda jipni haydovchilariga bog'liq bo'lib, butun mintaqa bo'ylab yoki hatto butun mamlakat bo'ylab biznesni buzishi mumkin. Shaharlarda piyoda borishga, taksida yoki uch g'ildirakli velosipedda yoki belgilangan joyga etib borishga tayyor bo'ling. Avtobuslar ish tashlashlardan kamroq ta'sir qiladi, ammo ish tashlashlardan ta'sirlangan yo'lovchilarni o'zlashtirgani uchun cheklangan miqdorda ta'minlanadi.

Saylov davri, ayniqsa kam tashrif buyuriladigan viloyatlarda zo'ravonlik bo'lishi mumkin. Magistral yo'llar bo'ylab ko'plab nazorat punktlari bo'ladi va spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish odatda saylov kuni taqiqlanadi.

Qurol

Amerikaning mustamlakachilik merosi sifatida Filippin kuchli narsalarga ega qurol madaniyati va Osiyoda qurolga egalik qilish bo'yicha eng ruxsat etilgan qonunlar, ammo bu sizning xohlagan maqsadingiz bilan har qanday qurolni mamlakatga erkin olib kirishingizni anglatmaydi. Filippinda qurolga oid qat'iy qonunlar mavjud, bunga ega bo'lish uchun litsenziya olish kerak va bu jarayon jinoiy tarix va aqliy qobiliyat kabi fon tekshiruvlarini o'z ichiga oladi. A Tashish uchun ruxsat qurol yoki to'pponcha olib kelganda ham talab qilinadi. Barcha o'qotar qurollar kirish va chiqish paytida bojxonada deklaratsiya qilinishi kerak.

Sog'lom bo'ling

Oziq-ovqat va ichimlik

Osonlik bilan iching shisha suv. Buko sharbati (kokos suvi), agar unga mahalliy muz qo'shmagan bo'lsa, xavfsizdir. Ehtiyot bo'ling buko sharbat sotuvchilar, chunki ba'zi sotuvchilar uni shakar bilan aralashtirilgan suvdan yaratadilar. Hali kesilmagan mevalarni sotib oling va iste'mol qiling. A dan pishirilgan ovqat karinderiya (ochiq oshxona) qozonlarning tagida yong'in chiqsa va ovqat issiq bo'lsa yaxshi bo'ladi.

Agar ichish kerak bo'lsa musluk suvi (odatda u kichik va o'rta miqdordagi polietilen paketga joylashtiriladi), Manila, Sebu va boshqa yirik shaharlardagi suv odatda yaxshi, ammo xavfsiz bo'lish uchun musluk suvini kamida 5 daqiqa davomida qaynatishingiz tavsiya etiladi. Boshqa joyda shisha suv ichiladi. Qishloqda musluk suvini ichganda amyobiaz bilan kasallanish har doim ham mavjud. Bundan tashqari, bu odatda ichimliklarga solingan muzga tegishli, chunki ko'chada sotiladiganlar ko'pincha blokdan kesilib, shubhali sharoitlarda tashiladi.

Shishaga solingan suvni do'konlardan va boshpanali ovqatlanish joylaridan sotib olish yaxshiroqdir. Sotuvchilar tomonidan yo'l bo'yida va avtobuslarda sotiladigan shisha suvlar, ehtimol, ishlatilgan suv bilan to'ldirilgan, muhrlangan va keyin sovigan holda ishlatiladigan shishalardir.

Ko'cha ovqatlari emas shunday Filippinda iste'mol qilish xavfsiz va gigiena me'yorlari yomon qo'llaniladi. Ko'cha ovqatlarini ham iste'mol qilish yaxshiroqdir pampalamig gigiena standartlari yaxshiroq qo'llaniladigan savdo markazlaridagi oziq-ovqat sudlarida sotiladi.

Kasalliklar

O'lik shamolmi? Hamma filippinliklar, ayniqsa qishloq aholisi kasalliklarning mikrob nazariyasini qabul qilmagan; ba'zi odamlar buning o'rniga grippga o'xshash kasalliklarning yuqishini ob-havo ta'sirida tushuntiradi. Ba'zi bir mamlakat aholisi grippga yoki grippga o'xshash kasallikdan o'lishni ho'l mavsumda yomg'irga botib ketishi yoki salqin mavsumda sovuq shabada ta'sirida bo'lishini tushuntiradi. Profilaktika choralariga qishloq uylarida uxlashda yoki oddiy avtobusda tunashga sayohat qilishda derazalarni to'liq yopish kiradi. Umumiy davo - bu mentol yoki boshqa o'simlik moylarini ishqalash, hilot (terapevtik massaj), yoki farting. Tagalog tilida so'zlashadigan mintaqalarda, lunod Indoneziyaga o'xshash xalq kasalligiga ishora qilishi mumkin angin duduk va koreyscha "muxlislarning o'limi". Bunga elektr ventilyatori yoki konditsionerning salqin havosi o'tirganingizda orqa tomondan puflashi sabab bo'ladi. Lunod har qanday elektr foniyni yoqmaslik (yoki shunchaki fan tezligini eng past darajaga tushirish), konditsionerning haroratini atrof-muhit haroratidan issiqroq qilib qo'yish yoki konditsioner avtobusda bo'lganida, konditsionerning ventilyatsiyasini biroz yopish orqali oldini olish mumkin. yoki to'liq.

AQSh CDC xavfini maslahat beradi bezgak orollaridagi 600 metrdan past bo'lgan shahar bo'lmagan hududlarda mavjud Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro va Palavan. The Visayalar bezgakdan xoli. Xlorokin endi ushbu preparatga chidamli shtammlari sababli Filippinning istalgan joyida bezgakni tavsiya etuvchi tavsiya etilmaydi. Umuman bezgak, Filippinda Afrika va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagiga nisbatan keng tarqalgan emas va har yilgi kasalliklarning yarmiga yaqini alohida joylarda kuzatiladi.

Denge isitmasibu Filippinda keng tarqalgan va holatlar har yili ko'payib boradi, shuning uchun murojaat qilish tavsiya etiladi chivin repellants va iloji boricha uzun qisma kiyim kiying. Bolalar uchun xavf tug'dirishi sababli mavjud bo'lgan yagona vaktsina - Dengvaksiya taqiqlangan, ammo kasallikka chalinganlar uchun 2019 yilda yana ishlab chiqarilgan.

Qizamiq 2019 yil boshida katta epidemiya sodir bo'lguncha kamdan-kam uchragan. Qizamiqqa qarshi emlash tavsiya etiladi.

Quturish Filippindagi ko'cha hayvonlari orasida ham keng tarqalgan, shuning uchun siz hali quturganlarga qarshi emlashni qiling va agar siz bolalar bilan sayohat qilsangiz, ularni iloji boricha tezroq emlang, chunki ular quturish xavfi yuqori. hayvonlar bilan ko'proq o'ynash. Mamlakatga olib kelinishidan oldin uy hayvonlari quturishga qarshi emlashlari shart

Gepatit A, B va C mamlakatda keng tarqalgan va keng tarqalgan. Barcha sayohatchilar uchun tavsiya etilgan A va B gepatitlari uchun vaktsinalar mavjud; hali (2015 yil o'rtalarida) S ga qarshi emlash mavjud emas, boshqalarning qoni va tana suyuqligi bilan aloqa qilishdan saqlaning; Ignalilarni, hatto ustara yoki tish cho'tkalari kabi shaxsiy parvarishlash vositalarini ham gepatit B, ham S yuqtirishni osonlashtiradi, gepatit A yuqtirilgan ko'cha ovqatlari orqali yuqishi mumkin.

Yapon ensefaliti tez-tez uchraydi va emlash tavsiya etiladi. Toza suv havzalarida suzishdan saqlaning, u erda siz xavfi yuqori shistozomiya (agar ular xlorlanmagan bo'lsa). Leptospiroz ko'pincha ifloslangan suvda kayak kabi suvni rekreatsiya qilish bilan shug'ullanadi.

Sil kasalligi qishloqda juda keng tarqalgan, shuning uchun yo'talayotgan yoki zaif ko'rinadigan odamlardan qochishga harakat qiling va yuqumli odamlar ko'p bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan qishloqlarda uzoq vaqt turishdan ehtiyot bo'ling.

The gripp va sovuq Filippindagi mavsum nam va salqin fasllarda o'tadi. Qush grippi (qush grippi) va cho'chqa grippi vaqti-vaqti bilan avj olgan, ammo pishirilgan tovuq yoki cho'chqa go'shti odatda xavfsiz bo'lishi kerak. Filiallarda COVID-19 pandemiyasidan oldin ham jamoat joylarida jarrohlik niqobini kiyish odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda, bu nafaqat yuqtirishni oldini olish, balki o'zini ko'chalarda havoning ifloslanishidan himoya qilishdir.

Ich ketishga qarshi dorilarni olib keling, chunki antisanitariya katta xavf tug'diradi sayohatchilarning diareyasi. Gatorade yoki boshqa sport ichimliklar sizni suyuqlik yo'qotilishidan xalos qilishi mumkin. Agar ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa, shisha suvni iching va har doim qo'lingizni yuving.

Sog'liqni saqlash

Filippindagi tibbiy xizmatning sifati har xil. Yaxshi malakali shifokorlar bilan jihozlangan zamonaviy shifoxonalar va klinikalar yirik shaharlarda mavjud bo'lsa-da, sog'liqni saqlash sifati ko'pincha kichik shaharlarda va qishloqlarda ko'p narsalarni talab qiladi. Filippin fuqarolari hukumat tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan tibbiy sug'urta sxemasi bilan qamrab olingan bo'lsa-da, ushbu sxema chet elliklar uchun mavjud emas va kasalxonalar ko'pincha davolanishni boshlashdan oldin to'lovni oldindan to'lashingizni talab qiladi. Filippinlik shifokorlar va hamshiralarning aksariyati ingliz tilida gaplasha olishadi, ularning aksariyati AQShda o'qishgan, shuning uchun odatda ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan chet elliklar uchun aloqa muammo emas.

Yirik shaharlardagi davlat shifoxonalari odatda yaxshi standartga ega, garchi ular G'arblik chet elliklar vataniga qaytib kelish uchun ishlatilgani kabi qulay bo'lmasligi mumkin. Boshqa tomondan, xususiy shifoxonalar parvarishning mukammal standartlarini ta'minlaydi, ammo siz ularning xizmatlari uchun yuqori mukofot to'laysiz. Shunga qaramay, ular G'arb standartlari bo'yicha hali ham o'rtacha narxga ega, shuning uchun chet elliklarning aksariyati imkoni boricha xususiy tibbiy xizmatni tanlashadi.

Jinsiy yo'l bilan yuqadigan kasalliklar

Filippin eng tez o'sib boradigan mamlakatlardan biriga ega OIV dunyo bo'ylab holatlar. Milliy OIV tarqalishi 0,1% bo'lib qolsa-da, 2010 va 2017 yillar orasida OIV bilan kasallanish 174% ga o'sdi.

Boshqalar jinsiy yo'l bilan yuqadigan kasalliklar OIVga qaraganda tez-tez uchraydi. Filippinning aksariyat shahar sog'liqni saqlash idoralarida ijtimoiy gigiena klinikalari (STD klinikalari) mavjud.

Engish

Elektr

Shuningdek qarang: Elektr tizimlari

Ko'pgina Filippin uylari va mehmonxonalari Amerika devorlarini ishlatadilar, ammo bu erda zamin bo'lmasligi mumkin va ko'plab mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilar Evropaning ikkita dumaloq vilkasini qabul qilishlari mumkin. Adapterlar do'konlarda va maishiy texnika do'konlarida mavjud.

Filippindagi elektr quvvati 60 gigagertsli 230 V kuchlanish bilan ta'minlanadi, ammo filippinliklar ko'pincha 220 V haqida gapirishadi va ba'zi eski binolarda 110 V quvvat bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, shahar markazida) Bagio). Agar sizda sochlarini fen mashinasi yoki elektr ustara singari 100-127 V oralig'ida ishlab chiqarilgan qurilmangiz bo'lsa, yaxshilab tekshirib ko'ring, aks holda siz qurilmangizni Filippinning devor rozetkasida yo'q qilasiz (agar u 110 V ga ulangan bo'lsa, agar mavjud bo'lsa, aniq belgilangan bo'lishi kerak).

Mamlakatning aksariyat qismida elektr energiyasi sutkasiga 24 soat ishlaydi, ammo ob-havo yoki elektr stantsiyalarining to'satdan to'xtashi / ta'mirlanishi tufayli kutilmaganda elektr uzilishi (yoki mahalliy "yorilish") bo'lishi mumkin. Ilgari asosan gidroenergetikaga tayanadigan Mindanao endi quruq mavsumda ("aylanayotgan qorayish") o'chirishni boshdan kechirmaydi, ammo mintaqaning yovvoyi qismlarida elektr uzatish liniyalarini buzish har doim ham sabab bo'lishi mumkin. Tarmoqdan tashqari orollarda (masalan, Palavanda) elektr energiyasining kun bo'yi mavjudligi elektr ta'minoti qaerdan olinishiga bog'liq. Agar mehmonxonada tursangiz, "Qo'ziqorilmasin" yozuvlarini qidiring yoki qabul qilishda generatoringiz borligini so'rang.

Tualet va hammom

Shuningdek qarang: Hojatxonalar

Siz odatda G'arbning o'tiradigan dush joylarini Filippinda uchratasiz, ammo ularda, ayniqsa qishloq joylarida, yuvinish moslamasi bo'lmasligi mumkin. Tualetni yuvish, dumbalaringizni yoki uyingizni yuvish yoki polni tozalash uchun siz bir chelak suv va dipperga ishonishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin (tabo).

Dushxonalarning tozaligi (qulay xonalaryoki oddiygina chaqiriladi CR) joyiga qarab farq qiladi, lekin odatdagidek savdo markazlari va hashamatli mehmonxonalar eng yaxshi, qishloqdagilar esa dahshatli bo'lishadi. Jollibee, McDonald's va KFC kabi tez ovqatlanish restoranlari hojatxonalari (yoki biron bir yirik mahalliy restoran yoki kafe tarmoqlari) va jamoat transporti terminallari joylashuvga qarab toza bo'lmasligi mumkin. Uzoq masofalarga boradigan avtobuslarda bortida hojatxona bo'lishi kerak, ammo transport vositasi harakatlanayotganda turish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin va Xitoyda ishlab chiqarilgan avtobuslarda filippinliklar odatlanib qolgan sopol taxtlar o'rniga cho'kma hojatxonalari bo'lishi mumkin.

Tualet qog'ozi (yoki oddiygina) to'qima) mavjud bo'lishi mumkin, lekin siz ularni idishdagi o'rindiqning yonidagi axlat qutisiga tashlaysiz, chunki tualet qog'ozi kichik kanalizatsiya quvurlarini to'sib qo'yishi mumkin. Biroq, ular jamoat hojatxonalarida taqdim etilmasligi mumkin, chunki siz tanga sotiladigan savdo avtomatlaridan, do'konlardan yoki dorixonalardan paketlarni sotib olishingiz kerak.

Hojatxonaga borishda ba'zi uy xo'jaliklari terlik bilan ta'minlanishi mumkin. Filippin uylaridagi hammomlar ko'pincha tor va ho'l bo'lib, dush odatda hojatxonadan ajralib turmaydi.

Televizor va video

Filippindagi televizor va videolardan foydalaniladi NTSC (Amerika standarti). Raqamli eshittirishga o'tish Yaponiya ISDB standartini 2023 yilga qadar olib keladi. Mintaqaviy kodlangan DVD disklar 3-mintaqa (Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo), ammo deyarli barcha filippinlik filmlar mintaqadan xoli. Sotilgan DVD-larni yirik savdo markazlaridan topish mumkin, ammo mintaqaviy kodlashsiz soxta DVD-lar odatiy bo'lib qolmoqda, ayniqsa tianggesva oldini olish kerak.

Televizion kanallar odatda mahalliy tillarda efirga uzatiladi va odatda har kuni kechqurun yangiliklar efirga uzatiladi. ABS-CBN litsenziyalash bilan bog'liq tortishuvlardan so'ng yopilganidan so'ng, 2020 yildan boshlab faqat ikkita GMA va TV5 mahalliy bepul televidenie stantsiyalari (garchi ular 2020 yil oktyabr oyida o'zlarining aksariyat dasturlarini boshqa kanalga ko'chirishgan bo'lsa ham) . Shuningdek, CNN Filippin, ETC va Net 25 singari ingliz tilida efirga uzatiladigan bepul kanallar mavjud. Yangiliklarga yo'naltirilgan telekanallarga GMA News TV, Aksyon TV va CNN Filippinlar kiradi, ammo faqat CNN ingliz tilida yangi eshittirishga ega; qolgan qismi Tagalog yoki mintaqaviy tillarda efirga uzatiladi. 24 soatlik telekanallar kamdan-kam uchraydi; ko'pchilik har yarim tunda soat 6:00 gacha chiqib ketishadi, va muqaddas hafta davomida mahalliy telekanallar juda boshqacha dasturlarga ega, odatda takroriy ko'rsatuvlar telenovelas va "so'nggi etti so'z" kabi jonli diniy xizmatlarni efirga uzatish (siete palabras) Yaxshi juma kuni.

Chekish

Chekish filippinliklarning odatiy o'yin-kulgisidir va ko'pincha kichik suhbat va ichkilikbozlik bilan birlashtiriladi. Filippinliklarning taxminan 25% chekishadi.

Sigaretalar (sigarialoyoki so'zma-so'z, yosi) Filippinlarda arzon. Masalan, Marlboro haqida ₱80 supermarketda yigirma kishilik paket uchun, ₱100 barda yoki do'konda 2018 yil boshidan boshlab. Mahalliy brendlar arzonroq (ko'pincha ₱50-60) va puro ham mavjud. Biroq, sigareta va boshqa tamaki mahsulotlariga soliqlarning yuqoriligi asta-sekin ularni qimmatlashishiga olib keladi. Ko'pgina sari-sari do'konlari, shuningdek, odatda sigaretalarni tayoq bilan sotadilar ₱4.

Filippinliklar yurish paytida chekishlari va bir guruh odamlarning burchakda turib chekishlari odatiy holdir, ammo chekish qat'iyan taqiqlangan, ularning ijrosi har xil. Yopiq jamoat joylarida, jamoat transportida, restoranlarda, yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalarida va hatto barlarda chekish taqiqlanadi, chekish joylaridan tashqari. Chekish taqiqlangan joylarda yoki chekilmaydigan joylarda chekish jarima solishi mumkin ₱5000, lekin bu biroz sustkashlik bilan amalga oshiriladi.

Chekish va vaping yoshi 18. Oziq-ovqat do'konlari va elektron sigaret do'konlari mijozlardan foto ID-ni taqdim etishni talab qiladi, ammo sari-sari do'konlar odatda bolalar va yoshlarga sigaret sotib olishga imkon beradi. Ba'zi joylarda, masalan, Metro Manilada, hokimiyat chekish taqiqlangan zonaga yaqin bo'lganligi sababli do'konga sigareta sotishni taqiqlashi mumkin va bunday do'konlarda odatda yozilgan plakatlar joylashtirilgan. Mening to‘plamlarim ("Ushbu do'konda sigaret sotish taqiqlangan.").

Odatda ko'chalarda sigareta qoldiqlari to'planib turadi. Ko'plab axlat qutilarida kuldon yoki dumaloq tovoqlar yo'q, shuning uchun ularni yong'in xavfini keltirib chiqaradigan yo'lakka, ko'chaga yoki o'tga tashlash vasvasangiz bo'lishi mumkin. Chekish paytida sigareta qoldiqlariga ruxsat berish yoki ko'chma kuldonni olib kelish uchun belgilangan axlat qutisini toping.

Chekishni taqiqlash, shunga o'xshash bir nechta shahar va munitsipalitetlarga qo'yilgan Davao shahri, bu erda butunlay taqiqlangan. Shunga qaramay, chekishni taqiqlashning ijrosi har xil. Mamlakat bo'ylab chekishni taqiqlash 2017 yil may oyida kuchga kirdi va odamlar chekishi mumkin bo'lgan joylarni yanada cheklashdi. Hatto piyodalar yo'laklarida chekish taqiqlanmoqda va chekish uchun mo'ljallangan joylar yopiq, ventilyatsiya qilingan joy bo'lishi shart. Yangi tartibga qaramay, ochiq havoda chekish joylari va piyodalar yo'llarida chekish hali ham keng tarqalgan.

2019 yil noyabrda, butun mamlakat bo'ylab vapingni taqiqlash amalda bo'lgan; chekishni taqiqlash vapinggacha ham kengaytirilishi mumkin.

Elchixonalar va konsulliklar

Ko'pgina davlatlarning elchixonalari mavjud Metro Manila ba'zilarida esa konsulliklar mavjud Metro Sebu yoki Davao shuningdek.

Plastmassalar

Xarid qilishda qayta ishlatiladigan sumkani olib kelish tavsiya etiladi.

Pul o'tkazmalari

Lombardlar har bir shahar va shaharda keng tarqalgan, ammo ular garovga qo'yish yoki narsalarni sotib olishdan ko'ra ko'proq mablag 'o'tkazish uchun ishlatiladi. Ular ham, ko'plar ham Western Union vakolatxonalar chet eldan ham, mamlakat ichkarisidan ham pul o'tkazmalarini amalga oshiradilar. Chet elliklar ehtiyot bo'lishlari kerak firibgarlar pul o'tkazmasini talab qiladiganlar.

Hurmat

Filippincha ismlar va murojaat qilish shakllari Filippin ismlari G'arbdagi kabi, ammo o'ziga xos xususiyatlar mavjud: Familiyalar ba'zi filippinliklar mahalliy, ammo ispancha yozilgan. Biroq, ko'pchilik Ispaniya mustamlakasi paytida o'zlariga qo'yilgan ispan familiyalariga ega. Filippinlik-xitoyliklar uchun ular xitoylik familiyalarini saqlab qolishdi. O'rta ismlar Filippinda boshqacha ta'rifga ega, bu erda ispaniyaliklarning ikkita familiyaga ega bo'lish odatlaridan kelib chiqib, onasining familiyasini anglatadi. Shakllarni to'ldirishda bu sizni bezovta qilishi mumkin, ammo uni familiyani birinchi ism maydoniga qo'yish (G'arbiy "o'rta ismlar" hech bo'lmaganda Filippinlik byurokratiyasi tomonidan birinchi ismning bir qismi sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi) yoki uni qoldirish orqali osonlikcha ishlaydi. butunlay chiqib. Taxalluslar juda o'zgaruvchan va filippinliklarda ijtimoiy sharoitga qarab o'zgaradigan bir nechta taxallus bo'lishi mumkin. Odatda, ular chorva mollari shakllari, bosh harflar yoki savolga javob beradigan shaxsga xos bo'lgan sof tavsiflar shaklida bo'ladi. Odamdan ma'lum bir kontekstda qanday taxallusni afzal ko'rishini so'rash maqsadga muvofiqdir. Filippinlik musulmonlar, shuningdek, ko'pgina filippinliklar kabi bir xil nomlash tizimiga amal qilishadi, ammo ko'pchilik ularning ismlari arabcha ismlar - otaning ismi o'rniga sxema. Filippinlik xitoylar moslashgan ism-familiya – familiya sxema va 1970-yillardan keyin tug'ilganlarning aksariyati xitoycha ismlarga ega emaslar; buni qilganlar ikkinchi ism sifatida yoziladi va sharqiy nomlash formatida bo'lgani kabi familiyadan keyin yoziladi. Odamlarga ism-sharif bilan murojaat qilish bilan bog'liq ko'plab rasmiyatchiliklar mavjud. Siz yaxshi bilmagan keksa odamlarga Tito / Tita (sizdan katta odamlar uchun) yoki Ate / Kuya (o'sha yoshdagi yoki martabali odamlar uchun) va ularning ismi yoki taxallusi kabi muloyimlik bilan murojaat qilishadi. Sizga murojaat qilishlari mumkin Gino (Janob.), Ginang (Xonim) yoki Binibini (Xonim) eng rasmiy vaziyatlarda, garchi ularning inglizcha ekvivalentlari tez-tez ishlatiladi. Kasblarni rasmiy unvon sifatida ishlatish (masalan, me'mor, muhandis, professor, doktor, advokat), odatiy holdir, aksariyat ingliz tilida so'zlashuvchilar uchun odatiy bo'lmagan narsa. Odamlarga o'z ismlari yoki taxalluslari bilan murojaat qiling, agar ularni yaxshi bilsangiz yoki mavqei kattaroq yoki kattaroq bo'lsa. Va nihoyat, lekin eng kam emas, "siz" laringizni biling. Ko'pgina Filippin tillari norasmiy va rasmiyni ajratib turadi siz, shuning uchun noto'g'ri shaklni noo'rin vaziyatda ishlatish - masalan, foydalanish ikaw / ka katta kishiga murojaat qilish - qo'pollik. Shuningdek, sharafli zarrachani unutmang po Tagalog tilida so'zlashganda, boshqa Filippin tillari ham ularning tengdoshlariga ega bo'lishi mumkin.

Filippinliklar mehmondo'st va xushmuomala, ammo madaniy me'yorlar G'arbning aksariyat qismlaridan keskin farq qiladi. Filippin odob-axloq qoidalarining aksariyati Sharqiy Osiyo va Ispan madaniyatidan olingan.

• Filippinliklar katta ahamiyatga ega xiya (hee-YUH ', "sharmandalik"), yuzni tejash bilan bog'liq tushuncha. Agar siz obro'li mavqega ega bo'lmasangiz, xatolarga ishora qilish, agar shaxsiy ravishda amalga oshirilmasa, odatda noqulaydir. Nizolar ko'pincha ikki tomonning kelishuvi asosida hal qilinadi.
• Filippindagi hayot sur'ati Janubiy Evropaga juda yaqin va filippinliklar ispanlar singari o'z vaqtida ishlashga erkin munosabatda bo'lishadi. Yondashuv "Filippin vaqti"sabr-toqat bilan;" kechikish "juda kam uchraydi va jamoat transporti odatda jadvalga amal qilmaydi. Bu ish yoki rasmiy uchrashuvlarda qo'llanilmaydi.
• Shaxsiy makon Filippinda kamroq e'tibor beriladi. Avtobuslar, jiplar va poyezdlar gavjum bo'lib, hech narsa demasdan shovqin-suron va surishmoqda Kechirasiz keng tarqalgan.
• Irqiy yoki vatandoshlik bilan bog'liq bo'lgan ba'zi inglizcha so'zlar, vatanga qaytganida kelib chiqishi filippinliklarda salbiy ma'noga ega bo'lishi mumkin yoki umuman yo'q. "Negro / a" hanuzgacha qora tanlilarda qo'llaniladi (va irqchi ma'noga ega emas), aralash irqiy odamlar esa hanuzgacha ingliz tilida "yarim nasl" deb nomlanadi. Filippin tillaridagi o'xshash atamalar kontekstga qarab mehrli tuyulishi mumkin. Oq tanli odamlar chaqiriladi puti (poo-TEH ',), ammo ba'zilari millatidan qat'i nazar ularni "amerikalik", "amerikano / a" yoki "kano / a" deb atashlari mumkin.
• Pew so'roviga ko'ra Filippin Osiyodagi eng LGBTga chidamli davlat hisoblanadi va filippinliklar geylarga nisbatan mehmondo'st ekanliklari ma'lum. LGBT sayohatchilari mamlakatda xavfsiz, ammo ular juda beparvo bo'lmasliklari kerak: jamoat joylarida mehr-muhabbat ko'rsatadigan juftlik mahalliy aholini qo'zg'atishi mumkin, asosan og'zaki so'zlar bilan. Gomofobik zo'ravonlik yoki geylarni kamsitish hollari kam uchraydi, lekin bunday holatlar, ayniqsa, konservativ oilalarda sodir bo'ladi.
• Sevgining ommaviy namoyishlari aksariyat filippinliklar tomonidan qattiq norozi. Chiqish odatda janjalli xatti-harakatlar sifatida qaraladi va agar sizga politsiyaga xabar berilsa va ushlanib qolsangiz, 6 oy yoki bir yil qamoq jazosiga mahkum etilishi mumkin, shuningdek jarimalar (va bundan ham yomoni, deportatsiya). Qisqasi, omma oldida o'pish va quchoqlash orqali filippinlik sezgirliklarini ranjitmang. Qo'l ushlashboshqa tomondan, qabul qilinadi; ko'plab filippinlik juftliklar buni omma oldida qilishadi.
• Qariyalarni qadrlash Filippin madaniyatida muhim ahamiyatga ega. Qariyalarga o'tirishda ustuvor ahamiyat beriladi Keksalarga ko'chadan o'tishda yordam berish odoblidir.
• Morosdan tashqari, aksariyat filippinliklar kuchli madaniyatga ega ayollarga nisbatan erkaklar iltifoti va maxismo, Ispan madaniyati ta'siri. Erkaklar jamoat transportida bo'lganida joydan voz kechishi odobli hisoblanadi. Oilalarda erkaklar ustunligining ozmi-ko'pmi ochiq namoyishlari, odatiy holga aylanishi bilan birga, qarama-qarshi bo'lishi mumkin. Ayollarga kuchli so'zlarni aytish yoki baland ovozda gapirish odobsizlikdir.
• Class discrimination is common in Filipino culture. Foreigners or returning Filipinos from overseas are often perceived as rich. Bragging about your wealth or achievements is usually not appreciated.
• On certain times, the national anthem is played on public announcement systems in public locations like malls and cinemas (before any film starts), and everyone is required to rise and place the right hand on the left chest. You should do the same, lest you can get arrested and fined. Ignorance on local laws is not a good excuse either.

Dress

Filipinos are more modest than foreigners, and personal importance influences how you will be treated by people around. Filipino women are generally more modest, though that depends on location.

Siz majbursiz; siz ... kerak take off your shoes when entering homes, though foreigners may be given more slack to this. You can keep wearing your socks, but this is inadvisable in the muggy Philippine climate. The household may also provide slippers for used while inside the house or in the bathroom.

Modest clothing is advised especially outside touristy areas, and a few places may have local laws discouraging immodest dress. Except in churches, religious sites, government offices, and other places with written dress codes, Western casual wear is okay anywhere in the country. For women, short shorts and miniskirts, are fine, but it is more respectful to wear skirts, pants, or shorts that cover at least the knee. Sleeveless shirts (sando) or basketball jerseys are okay anywhere, but not in a church or office. Crop tops or low-cut tops are uncommon, and will make you stand out.

In the Muslim-majority provinces of the country, more modest dress is advised. Men are advised to wear pants and long-sleeved tops. Muslim Filipino women usually wear the hijab, but this is not required for visitors.

Business attire: For men, a long-sleeved collared shirt or suit is standard, though ties are often omitted, the collar button is usually not closed, and it's also possible to wear a short-sleeved collared shirt based on the Barong Tagalog o'rniga. Women generally wear Western office attire.

Beachwear in the Philippines is conservative. Swimming trunks (for men) and swimsuits are standard, but bikinis are uncommon with Filipinas. Swimming with your top on is common, generally as a way to avoid sunburn, but this may not be allowed depending on pool rules.

Being topless or half-naked in public is illegal, and often associated with street thugs. Full nudity is also disapproved of and illegal in general, unless you're in a remote beach. Breastfeeding in public is legal, but uncommon with Filipinos.

Eating and drinking

Shuningdek qarang: Filipino cuisine#Respect

Many Filipinos value eating out as part of honoring guests and forming relationships. Except in formal venues, many Filipinos don't care about noisy conversation at the dining table. Restaurants are mostly cheerful venues, and loud conversation is frequent, especially when large families or groups eat.

Avoid using the left hand when eating by hand. The left hand is traditionally reserved for unhygienic activities, but the taboo is virtually non-existent outside of food in most of the Philippines; however, it applies to hamma narsa on Muslims, so watch out if you head inland in Muslim-majority parts of Mindanao or eat in Muslim Filipino restaurants anywhere in the country.

Younger Filipinos may choose splitting the bill (KKB, short of Tagalog kanya-kanyang bayad), but treating is the traditional Filipino way to go. People of higher position or status are generally expected to treat those lower: elder to younger, superior to subordinate, rich to poor, host to guest, and teacher to student.

Filipinos, perhaps with the exceptions of Muslims, enjoy drinking and being drunk, especially with local beer and wine. Drinking alcohol a lot is not necessarily bad, but excessive drunkenness is stigmatized as a weakness of soul.

Din

The Philippines is officially secular, but religion plays a major role in Filipino culture. Freedom of religion is enshrined in the constitution, but, blasphemy, meddling with religious activity, and comments critical of a certain religion remains a criminal act, punishable with 12 years in prison.

Agnostics or atheists are a tiny minority in this country, being around 0.02% in the 2015 census. Saying you don't believe in a God or question its existence will be happily shrugged off by Filipinos, with attempts to proselytize.

Filipinos take many superstitions and associated taboos seriously, especially in regards to spirits, luck, and mythological creatures; many Filipinos, even those not of Chinese ancestry, also observe Chinese cultural taboos, like fear of the number 4. Some superstitions specific to Filipino culture are:

• Eating chicken during New Year - A taboo by the Chinese, it is considered inauspicious to eat chicken during New Year, both the Gregorian and Chinese one.
• Haunted trees: Many people believe large trees, like banyans (balete) are inhabited by kapre (cigar-smoking giants); you can be haunted if you approach them without asking their permission.
• Nuno (goblins): It is polite to say tabi po nuno when passing near locations where nuno (goblins) lives; not doing so can cause sudden manifestation of unexplained illness.
• Usog: A greeting from a stranger to can bring unexplainable convulsions and fever, especially to a child; the curse is warded off by rubbing saliva to the child's abdomen.
• Wedding gowns: A taboo by Hokkien Chinese, it is inauspicious for the bride to wear her wedding gown the day before the wedding, otherwise, it will not happen.

Animal ethics and the environment

The Philippines has a thriving black market selling endangered species as pets or luxury souvenirs, and there are frequent raids on shops selling products from endangered species. Avoid buying rare pets, leather, feathers, dried sea creatures like starfish, fur and other products likely from illegal poachers. Customs take laws on endangered species seriously, and they may be confiscated at the airport.

Dog meat, especially asusena (a portmanteau of Tagalog aso and Spanish azucena) is best avoided for most reasons; you can find dog meat at restaurants in Benguet as traditional food by the Igorot people, but avoid it elsewhere. Slaughtered dogs may carry the deadly rabies virus, and can be a nasty experience if you get hospitalized.

It is also wise to avoid photo booths with animals, like snakes, as subjects, even in zoos. A tout will approach you, then you pose for a photo with the animal, an for after you pay an exorbitant fee. It is most likely the animal used is drugged and treated cruelly.

Nozik muammolar

Filipinos are generally open to talk about politics, and are more than happy to talk about issues in the country with a smile, yet there are several topics that foreigners must tread carefully with.

• Filipinos are divided on their historical assessment of Ferdinand Markos. While most of the people who came of age after the People Power Revolution have criticized the Marcos era as a dictatorship, with widespread censorship, political repression, and corruption, some older Filipinos support the Marcos regime, which they view as a time when the country was prosperous and stable, and prices of most goods lower. Never assume Filipinos have the same view about Marcos.
• Avoid talking about Rodrigo Duterte's War on Drugs, as many Filipinos have strong feelings, especially on foreign views, particularly on the alleged extrajudicial killings done by police and imprisonment of opposition figures such as Leila de Lima. The Duterte administration enjoy strong support from Filipinos; saying Duterte is a iron-fisted strongman oversimplifies things.
• The Spratly Islands territorial dispute is also a sensitive issue among Filipinos. Call the South China Sea "West Philippine Sea" while in the Philippines. Philippines—China relations is a sensitive issue, and anti-Chinese sentiment is on the rise, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. That said, this resentment generally does not affect Chinese Filipinos.
• Don't compare regions or provinces in relation to Manila or assume Filipinos behave like Manileños. Manila and its surrounding region only contains 12% of the Philippine population, culture and language differ drastically by region and province, and some people see the comparisons as if they are economically, culturally and politically subordinate to "Imperial Manila". Tagalog as the national language Filipino is a sensitive issue in the Visayas, especially Cebu; residual resentment to its promotion as the national language persists, and speaking in Tagalog may offend locals. Muslim Filipinos (Moros) consider themselves a separate national identity.

Culture shock

Like the Xitoy, Filipinos also complain when foreigners who visit the Philippines the first time point out many of the oddities of Filipino behavior they consider rude or disgusting. It generally turns out foreigners are rather rude. This stems from culture shock, that foreigners notice Filipino customs and behaviors are extremely different from theirs, and they find it jarring, and the same goes with Filipinos as well. Filipinos are friendly, but not necessarily polite.

• Filipinos ignore or disobey rules they don't agree with, including laws. Here, the pasaway character comes to play. This includes aggressive driving, frequent smoking, and jaywalking.
• Filipinos also spit a lot, especially in the streets, and spitting with gulping noises in public restrooms is common. It is traditionally believed swallowing phlegm is unhealthy. While local governments are striving to curb down the habit to curb the spread of disease, it still persists to some degree in most places.
• It is just fine to pick your nose or use toothpicks at the dining table. Filipinos don't like having dried mucus hanging from the nose or have small food particles trapped between their teeth appear on their smiles.
• You might notice on your first arrival that many places in the Philippines are noisy, with loud conversations, blaring horns, constant construction, and ubiquitous megaphones and loudspeakers, from churches and storefronts to malls. In some regions, speaking loudly in a tone that can be taken for anger is normal. The ears of Filipinos have mostly adapted to the noise, so it's advisable you bring earphones or earplugs on trips.
• There is some tolerance toward running amok, even when it end ups as the murderous pagdidilim ng paningin. Some believe running amok is a way for men to escape hiya, especially when one loses a drunken fight.
• The concept of queueing/waiting in line (pila) introduced by the Japanese is not fully observed in the Philippines. Sometimes, it takes courage to be assertive, and make your way through lines, such as when taking public transit.
• While mostly proficient in English, Filipinos are curious when they see foreigners around. This manifests when one approaches you to practice their English, ask you questions about your country of origin, and even ask you for a picture. This is common in the countryside, but not in large cities or tourism hubs, where people would be used to see foreigners more frequently.

Ulanmoq

Phone

• Nationwide emergency hotline: 911 (formerly 117) by voice or text message. These calls are automatically routed to the nearest emergency call center.
• Philippine Coast Guard Action Center: 63 2 527-3880
• National Poison Control: 63 2 524-1078
• Tourist hotline: 63 2 524-1728 and 524-1660
• Directory assistance: 187 or 114 (fee applies)
• Civil service complaint hotline: 8888

The international dialling prefix to make an overseas call from the Philippines is 00.

Phone numbers in the Philippines have the format 63 35 539-0605. The mamlakat kodi for the Philippines is 63. The next one, two or three digits are the area code, and the remaining 7 digits are the "local" part of the number that can be called from within that area without dialing the area code. You must dial "0" in front of the area code from outside that area code when still within the Philippines.

Most toll-free numbers cannot be called from outside Philippines but can be dialed using the format 1800-1855-0165 domestically.

The cheapest way to call to and from the Philippines is by using Internet-telefoniya (VoIP). There are several licensed VoIP providers in the Philippines. One of the most popular is Vodini Telecom.

Cellphones

Mobile numbers in the Philippines must always be dialed with all 11 digits (including a "0" prefixing the "8nn" or "9nn" within the Philippines), no matter where they are being called from. They can also be called within or outside the Philippines using the international format as listed in our Philippines articles

There are two major companies operating GSM 900/1800 networks: Globe va Smart. Your provider at home may have agreements with one of these providers so check with them before leaving home. Roaming may be quite expensive, but pre-paid SIM cards of these networks are easy to acquire and cost as little as ₱30 and provide a cheaper alternative. If your unit is locked to your home service provider, cellphone repair shops in malls can unlock them for ₱300 ga ₱2000. A complete prepaid kit with phone and SIM can be purchased for as little as ₱500. These phones are usually locked to a local network provider, and you would have to have it unlocked before leaving to use it elsewhere.

GSM mobile phones are in wide use all over the country. 3G technology is available through Globe and Smart, but is often not properly operational especially outside urban areas. The usual cost of an international long-distance call to the United States, Europe or other major countries is US$0.40 per minute. Local calls range from ₱6.50 per minute for prepaid calls; you won't be charged for incoming calls. Text messages typically cost as little as ₱1. International SMS costs ₱15-25. Plans for unlimited call and SMS are offered by the networks are but are usually restricted to those made to parties within the same network.

Reloading (i.e. recharging or topping-up) prepaid SIMs is a breeze. Electronic Load (E-Load) stations are everywhere from small corner stores to the large malls. You can purchase pre-paid cards which are available in denominations of ₱100, ₱300 va ₱500.

Pay phones are very hard to find. Phone cards are usually sold by shops which sell cellphone pre-paid loads and cards. Phone cards of one company can not be used with the other company's card-operated phones.

Internet

Shuningdek qarang: Internetga ulanish

Internet access at broadband speeds are plentiful in city malls, much less so outside the cities, but are growing at a rapid pace. Internet prices depend primarily on where you surf and the medium used (e.g. Wi-Fi or wired). Internet services offered by hotels and shopping malls are expensive and can go up to ₱200/hour but neighborhood cafes can be as cheap as ₱10/hour. Public Wi-Fi services in the Philippines provided by Airborneaccess.net and WiZ are likely to cost ₱100 for up to an hour. An internet cafe chain in SM malls called "Netopia" has a land line internet connection for around ₱20 an hour. Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, and malls usually carry Wi-Fi service and some are free to use. The SM and Ayala chain of malls also offer free Wi-Fi anywhere in the mall. On several government-owned public areas, like parks, free Wi-Fi had been implemented, but signal strength fluctuates.

A mobile broadband modem with service by Globe, Smart or Sun starts at ₱995. Mobile broadband signals vary depending on the available infrastructure. Smart has the largest network in the country, followed by Globe, and then Sun. It takes up to 24 hours for internet to be available on a new SIM card. Mobile broadband comes in postpaid and prepaid variants. Modems and subscriptions are available in the larger cities. Service can cost as little as ₱20 an hour. Service is usually slower in the evening.

Cybercriminals may exploit public Wi-Fi networks to steal private information. Avoid using Wi-Fi to do online transactions, especially bank transactions. If it's unavoidable, remember to forget the public Wi-Fi network after using, so that cybercriminals will find it difficult to track you. Using a VPN is also advisable.

Internet cafes (kompyuteran, aka computer shops in Philippine English) are no longer important establishments to access the Internet. Most new Internet cafés are small coin-operated pisonet, common in residential settings, but larger ones such as the Netopia and Mineski Infinity chains, which are aimed toward online gamers, still exist. It costs ₱1 per 5 minutes on a "pisonet", and ₱20/hour and up on larger ones. Many also offer printing and photocopying for a small fee (usually ₱5).

Mail

In order to send items via post, you must visit a post office and present your items to a teller as there are no postage boxes. Check out the Philippine Postal Corporation's (PHLPOST) website to find the post offices that serve your destination. Alternatively, you may be able to ask your hotel's staff to send your posts together with theirs, and in some provinces, some stationery stores also offer to sell postage stamps and receive posts.

Apart from the Philippine postal service, FedEx, UPS, and DHL courier services are also available. Local couriers such as LBC and Aboitiz are also available. Postal mail from abroad is often lost, so don't send anything valuable.

Gazetalar

English newspapers are available throughout the Philippines and there are also some Japanese and Chinese language options. The Daily Tribune, Malaya, Manila Standard, Manila Bulletin, Business World, Philippine Star, Philippine Daily Inquirer va Visayan Daily Star are some of the English language newspapers, mostly broadsheets.

Tabloid newspapers are mostly local-language ones, usually Tagalog/Filipino (but may be another local language in regional tabloids), but a few are published in English, such as People's Journal va People's Journal Tonight (the latter, however, has some news written in Tagalog).

Some restaurants offer newspapers for free reading, but only within their premises. Newspapers are mostly sold by street vendors, but in malls they are sold on newsstands. In public markets, newspapers are typically sold in general merchandise stores along with common groceries.

Keyingisi

• Sabah - a state in Malaysia on the island of Borneo
• Tayvan - a country north of Batenes, Philippines
• Northern Sulawesi - just south of Mindanao