Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish - Retiring abroad

Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish sizga qiziqarli joyda arzon yashashingizga imkon berishi mumkin; siz haqiqatan ham er yuzidagi jannatni yoki yoshlar favvorasini topishingiz mumkin emas, lekin siz juda katta zavq olish uchun yaqinlashishingiz mumkin.

Siz shunday yashay olasizmi? (Ko Pha Ngan)

Biror kishining mamlakatda nafaqaga chiqishiga, ish hayotini o'tkazgan joyidan tashqari, ikkita asosiy sabab bor.

  • Bittasi iqlim; sovuq joylardan odamlar oqar O'rta er dengizi, Karib dengizi, Markaziy Amerika, Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo va Janubiy dengizlar, boshqalari quruq cho'l iqlimini tanlaydi, chunki bu astmatik o'pka yoki artrit bo'g'imlarida osonroq.
  • Boshqasi pulni tejash; nisbatan badavlat mamlakatda shunchaki arzimagan pensiya, kam daromadli mamlakatda yaxshi yashash uchun etarli bo'lishi mumkin, katta miqdordagi pensiya yoki ozgina yaxshi sarmoyalar sizga hashamatli yashashga imkon beradi.

Kam xarajatlar sizga imkon berishi mumkin oldinroq nafaqaga chiqing, yoki a sifatida biroz vaqt ajrating ta'til tanaffusi mansab o'rtalarida yoki shunchaki arzon joyda yashash ishlashda davom etmoqda.

Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish, albatta, hamma uchun emas, lekin ko'pchilik uchun bu haqda o'ylash kerak. Ushbu maqola zarur bo'lgan har qanday odamga zarur bo'lgan asosiy ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishga qaratilgan. Pensiya olishning boshqa usullari qisqacha muhokama qilinadi oxirgi bo'lim.

Katta sayohat keksa odamlar uchun vaqt cheklangan qochishlarni tasvirlaydi.

Belgilangan joylar

Ba'zilar o'zlari sayohat qilib, ko'chmanchi pensiyani tanlaydilar qayiq, kuni kruiz kemalari yoki bilan Mobil Uy. Biroq, ko'pchilik manzilni tanlaydi va hech bo'lmaganda asosan u erda yashaydi. Agar siz ulardan biri bo'lsangiz, boradigan joyni tanlashning ko'plab usullari mavjud.

  • Ko'p odamlar uyga yaqin bo'lishadi - inglizlar Ispaniya, Yapon tilida Filippinlar, Kanadaliklar Florida va boshqalar - boshqalar esa uzoqroq masofada joylashgan.
  • Ba'zilar, katta madaniy markazni tanlab, narsalar qalinligida bo'lishni maqsad qilishadi London yoki Rio-de-Janeyrokabi yuqori darajada rivojlangan sayyohlik zonasi Kankun (Meksika) yoki Borakay (Filippin), yoki shunga o'xshash zamonaviy "jet set" nuqtasi Ibiza (O'rta er dengizi Ispaniya).
  • Boshqalar hamma narsadan uzoqlashishni maqsad qilib, qishloq chekkasini tanlashadi, masalan, nisbatan uzoqroq joyni tanlashadi Mavrikiy (Hind okeani), kabi asosiy sayyohlik yo'llarining chiroyli joyi Vigan (Filippin), Flores (Gvatemala) yoki Dilican (Armaniston), yoki bu kabi xalqaro sayyohlardan ko'ra ko'proq mahalliy sayyohlar Koks bozori (Bangladesh).
  • Ba'zilar o'zlarining qiziqishlariga mos joy tanlashadi - ehtimol Kvinslend sho'ng'in uchun, Rishikesh yoga uchun yoki Avstriya chang'i uchun.
  • Boshqalar o'zi uchun qiziqarli bo'lgan joyni tanlaydi, shuningdek, mintaqani o'rganish uchun asos bo'lib xizmat qilishi mumkin - ehtimol Nassau uchun Karib dengizi, Bariloche uchun Janubiy Amerika, Singapur uchun Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo, Praga yoki "Barselona" uchun Evropa.
  • Ba'zilar, ba'zi bir qiziq narsalar bilan mashhur bo'lgan mintaqani tanlaydilar: Belgiya yoki pivo uchun yaqin atrofdagi bir nechta mamlakatlar, shu jumladan o'nlab joylarning har biri Frantsiya, Kaliforniya sharob mamlakati va Janubiy Avstraliya sharob uchun, Argentina yoki Braziliya yaxshi arzon mol go'shti, dengiz mahsulotlari uchun turli xil qirg'oq yoki orol yo'nalishlari va boshqalar.

Aqlli byudjet va hech bo'lmaganda engil avantyurga ega bo'lgan temperamentni hisobga olgan holda deyarli har qanday didga mos keladigan joyni topish mumkin. Ko'pincha bir joyda yuqoridagi maqsadlarning bir nechtasiga erishish mumkin bo'ladi. Qidiruv uchun boshlang'ich nuqtalar bizning ro'yxatimiz bo'lishi mumkin Oyning oldingi yo'nalishlari va Ilgari kaltaklangan yo'ldan taniqli yo'nalishlar.

Ba'zi yo'nalishlar juda ko'p miqdordagi nafaqaxo'rlarni jalb qiladi, chunki ular qaysidir ma'noda ular uchun idealdir. Katta nafaqaxo'rlar jamoalari bilan boradigan joylarga quyidagilar kiradi.

Deyarli har qanday holatda ham mashhur joylar yuqori narxlarga va yuqumli kasalliklarga moyil cho'ntaklar, firibgarlar va sayyohlarni o'lja qiladigan boshqalar. Agar yuqoridagi ro'yxatning biron bir joyi sizga yoqsa, yaqin atrofdagi joylarni ham ko'rib chiqing; ular ba'zi odamlar uchun yanada yaxshi bo'lishi mumkin.

Shuningdek, hijrat qilgan, ammo nafaqaga chiqish uchun asl mamlakatiga qaytganlar ko'p. Xitoy tilida ularni "dengiz toshbaqalari" deb atashadi, bu tur keng tarqalgan sayohat qilsa-da, keyin uzoq masofalarga suzib qaytib tuxum olib chiqqan joyida tuxum qo'yadi. Bu odamlar ikkala dunyoning eng yaxshisiga ega bo'lishlari mumkin. Masalan, nafaqaga chiqqan xitoylikni ko'rib chiqaylik Xitoy mansabidan keyin Buyuk Britaniya. Boshqa tashrif buyuruvchilardan farqli o'laroq, u til bilan bog'liq muammolarga duch kelmaydi va viza olish yoki madaniyatga moslashish qiyin bo'lmasligi mumkin. Boshqa xitoyliklardan farqli o'laroq, u odatda xitoylikdan kattaroq Britaniya pensiyasiga ega bo'ladi va ehtimol Xitoydan tashqarida sayohat qilishni osonlashtiradigan Britaniya pasportiga ega bo'ladi.

Qiyinchiliklar

Ekzotik xorijiy mamlakatga joylashish, albatta, hamma uchun ham nasib etavermaydi; e'tiborga olish kerak bo'lgan ko'p narsalar mavjud. Ba'zilar uchun chet elga ko'chib o'tish eng yaxshi narsa bo'lsa, boshqalari uchun bu butunlay falokat edi.

Agar siz G'arbdan bo'lsangiz, uyga o'xshamaydi (Chiang May)

Madaniyatdan hayratga kelish katta muammo bo'lishi mumkin. Ekzotik joylar va odamlar jozibali bo'lishi mumkin, lekin ular eng g'azablantiruvchi ham bo'lishi mumkin chet el. Uyga kirishdan oldin qidiruv ishlarini olib borish yordam beradi, ammo hanuzgacha "Bu erga tashrif buyurish yaxshi joy, lekin u erda yashashni xohlamayman" kabi holatlar bo'lishi mumkin.

Ko'pgina odamlar uchun bu yanada oqilona bo'ladi narsalarni asta-sekin qabul qilingto'g'ridan-to'g'ri qisman noma'lum madaniyatga sho'ng'ishdan ko'ra. Masalan, chet elga ko'chib o'tish uchun uyingizni sotish o'rniga, yangi mamlakat sizga qanday mos kelishini bilib, uni ijaraga olishingiz mumkin. Agar barchasi yaxshi bo'lsa, unda bir necha yil o'tgach, siz uyni uyga sotishingiz mumkin; agar bo'lmasa, siz uyga qaytishingiz yoki boshqa yo'nalishlarni o'rganishingiz mumkin. Chet elda hayotingizni chet ellik sifatida yashash osonroq bo'lgan sayyohlik shaharchasida yoki chet el gettosida boshlash mantiqiy bo'lishi mumkin, keyin bir necha yil o'tgach, sizning tilingiz va mamlakat haqidagi bilimingiz ancha yaxshilanganidan keyin boshqa sohalarni ko'rib chiqing.

Belgilangan joyni tanlashda har ikki yo'nalishda ham sayohat narxi va qulayligini hisobga oling. Bo'lish do'stlaringiz va oilangizdan juda uzoq chet elda nafaqaga chiqqanlarning voz kechishlari va uylariga qaytishlari uchun yagona eng katta sababdir. Xususan, ba'zi odamlar nabiralaridan uzoqroq bo'lish juda qiyin.

Ingliz Ispaniya yoki amerikalik MeksikaMasalan, uyga hozir va keyin osongina etib borishi mumkin va do'stlaringizni va oilangizni tashrif buyurishga oqilona taklif qilishi mumkin. In Pago Pago, ikkalasi ham qiyinroq bo'ladi. Shunga qaramay, uzoq masofalar taqiqlash shart emasligiga e'tibor bering; har qanday joyda yaxshi aviakompaniya aloqalari yaxshi bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, amerikalik Parij yoki evropalik Tailand uydan ancha uzoq, ammo ko'plab reyslar mavjud, ba'zilari esa juda arzon. Bizning maqolalarimizga qarang byudjet asosida havo qatnovi va tafsilotlar uchun mamlakat maqolalarining "kiring" bo'limlari.

Til muammo bo'lishi mumkin. Xususan, xitoy, tay va vetnam kabi tonal tillar ko'pincha g'arbliklar uchun qiyin. Boshqa tillar, ayniqsa Evropa tillari ingliz tilida so'zlashuvchi uchun unchalik qiyin bo'lmasligi mumkin, ammo har qanday tilni egallash katta kuch talab qiladi. Ingliz tili asosiy til bo'lgan mashhur pensiya yo'nalishlari mavjud, masalan Bermud va Beliz. Boshqalarda, masalan Hindiston, Shri-Lanka, Malayziya, Maltada, Gibraltar yoki Filippinlar, Ingliz tili keng tarqalgan, ammo boshqa tillar ham juda muhimdir; siz shunchaki ingliz tili bilan til topishishingiz mumkin, ammo ba'zi mahalliy tillarni o'rganish uzoq muddatli yashashni osonlashtiradi. Boshqalarda, masalan Tailand, Indoneziya yoki ko'pi Lotin Amerika, Ingliz tili unchalik keng tarqalmagan va hech bo'lmaganda ba'zi mahalliy tillarni o'rganish uzoq muddatli istiqomat qiluvchilar uchun juda zarurdir. Shuningdek qarang bizning gapirish maqola va til sayyohligi.

Qiyin haydash (Buyuk Britaniya)

Shuningdek, har qanday narsani ko'rib chiqing mahalliy qiyinchiliklar transport yoki xizmatlar bilan. Uzoq yoki kam rivojlangan hududlar arzon va qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin, ammo yo'llar dahshatli bo'lishi mumkin, elektr energiyasi ishonchsiz yoki kuniga atigi bir necha soat foydalanish mumkin, va Internet yoki telefon xizmati muammoli, hatto qimmat emas. Siz quyosh panellari va / yoki generator va yoqilg'iga mablag 'sarflab, "off-grid" da yashashga tayyormisiz? Sizga sun'iy yo'ldosh telefoni yoki Internet kerak bo'ladimi, ikkalasi ham odatda qimmatmi? Shuningdek, bunday sohalarda ingliz tilida gaplashadiganlar kam. Osonlik bilan kasalxonaga ega bo'lmaslik har qanday yoshda xavflidir va bu pensiya yoshidan keyin muhimroq bo'ladi.

Agar siz odatlanib qolgan bo'lsangiz ham haydash uyda hamma joyda haydash qiyin yoki hatto imkonsiz bo'lib qolishi mumkin, chunki qarilik sizning reaktsiya vaqtingizga, ko'rishingizga yoki hatto harakat qilish qobiliyatingizga ta'sir qiladi. Dunyoning boshqa yarmi yo'lning qarama-qarshi tomonida haydashini unutmang. Shuningdek, ba'zi yo'nalishlarda yo'llar yomon yoki tirbandligi yomon, yoqilg'i qimmatga tushishi mumkin, ishonchli mexanikni topish qiyin, qismlarni olish qiyin yoki byurokratiya qiyin. Yangi uyingizdan mashinasiz eng muhim joylarga erisha olasizmi? Nogironlar aravachasiga kirish imkoniyati haqida nima deyish mumkin?

Aksariyat nafaqaxo'rlar qandaydir muvozanatni qidirmoqdalar, zamonaviy xizmatlarga ega bo'lishlari mumkin, ammo ekzotik va qiziqarli. Ko'pchilik yirik shahar yoki "sayyohlik shaharchasi" ni o'zlarining manzillari sifatida tanlaydi yoki hech bo'lmaganda mamlakat va tilni yaxshiroq bilmaguncha boshlang'ich manzil sifatida tanlaydi. Ushbu sohalar yaxshi xizmatlarga ega va til muammosi ko'pincha u erda kamroq ahamiyatga ega; ko'pincha chet elliklar hamjamiyati etarli, siz uning ichida oqilona ijtimoiy hayot kechirishingiz mumkin. Biroq, bunday joylar odatda nisbatan qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin va boshqa joylarga qaraganda unchalik qiziq bo'lmagan, shovqinli, ifloslangan yoki jinoyatchilik ko'proq sodir bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, ayrim sayyohlik shaharlari o'ziga xos turdagi odamlarni jalb qiladi; ma'lum bir joy uchun bu backpackerdan reaktiv to'plamgacha bo'lgan har qanday byudjet darajasi va bemaqsad qilish yoki toshga ko'tarilishdan jinsiy turizmga bo'lgan qiziqish bo'lishi mumkin. Nafaqaxo'r bunday odamlarga to'la shaharchada o'zini noo'rin his qilishi mumkin; eng yomon holatda, u sayyohlarni harom deb topishi mumkin. Joylashuvni ko'rib chiqishda yana bir narsani tekshirish kerak.

Mehmonxonaga kirish (Keniya)

Ga qarang qonunlar potentsial yo'nalishlarda, ayniqsa, ba'zi yurisdiktsiyalarda noqonuniy bo'lgan manfaatlaringiz bo'lsa. Gomoseksualizm, doping chekish va ijaraga berish xizmatidan foydalanish ba'zi joylarda mutlaqo qonuniydir Ekvador va Urugvay biz biladigan yagona arzon mamlakatlar bu uchalaga ham imkon beradi, ammo ularning har qanday biri sizni boshqa joylarda chuqur muammolarga duchor qilishi mumkin. Qarang Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish / Jadval ba'zi ma'lumotlar uchun.

Ba'zi musulmon mamlakatlarida va ba'zi shtatlarda hatto spirtli ichimliklar ichish ham taqiqlangan Hindiston. "Qurolimni olib kelsam bo'ladimi?" ko'plab mamlakatlarning qonunlarini nomuvofiq deb topadi. Transport vositalari kabi narsalar, elektr qurilmalar yoki dori-darmonlarni olib kirish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin, chunki ular mahalliy standartlarga muvofiq xavfsizligi sertifikatlanmagan, hatto ular vatanida sertifikatlangan bo'lsa ham. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda nutqning ayrim turlariga ta'sir qiluvchi qat'iy qonunlar mavjud; masalan, Tailandda sizni hibsga olishlari mumkin monarxiyani haqorat qilish. Ba'zi vizalar mahalliy siyosatga aralashish (hatto ba'zi mamlakatlarda bamper stiker) yoki missionerlik ishlarini bajarish kabi faoliyatni taqiqlaydi. Shuningdek, ayrim mamlakatlar kripto-valyutalarni taqiqlashni yoki milliy valyutani olib kirishni yoki eksport qilishni taqiqlaydi (qarang Pul).

Nafaqaxo'r a bo'lishi mumkin firibgarlar uchun nishon, har qanday keng tarqalgan firibgarliklar sayyohlarga qarshi ishlatiladi, shuningdek uzoq muddatli yashash va mulk sotib oladigan odamga xos bir nechta. Huquqiy tizim va urf-odatlar farqi va ular bilan muomala qilishda mahalliy aholi ustunligini hisobga olgan holda, agar siz sayrga olib ketilsa, biror narsani tiklash qiyin yoki imkonsiz bo'lishi mumkin. A 2015 yilgi voqea juda mashhur manzilda Puket nafaqaxo'rning tailandlik rafiqasi firibgarligi uchun uzoq muddatli qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi, ammo uning sheriklari skotdan ozod bo'lishdi.

Va nihoyat, assortiment mavjud xatarlar dan tropik kasalliklar ga zilzilalar, vulqonlar va tayfunlar, jinoyatga, buzilgan hukumatlar yoki politsiya va siyosiy tartibsizliklar. Bunga umuman yo'l qo'ymaslik yoki hech bo'lmaganda boshqarish mumkin, ammo buning uchun biroz izlanish, izlanish va rejalashtirish kerak.

Yaxshi izlanishlar bilan ham, albatta, hech qanday kafolatlar yo'q. Masalan, Folklend orollari ba'zi nafaqaxo'rlar uchun yaxshi manzil bo'lishi mumkin - bu hudud nisbatan tinch, manzaralar va yovvoyi tabiat juda ko'p, odamlar ingliz tilida gapirishadi va Buyuk Britaniya fuqarolari uchun viza oson. Biroq, u erda Folklend urushidan oldin nafaqaga chiqqan kishining nafaqasi jiddiy ravishda buzilgan bo'lar edi va bu urush deyarli hamma uchun kutilmagan bo'ldi.

Axborot manbalari

The Vikipediya mamlakatlar, mintaqalar va shaharlar haqidagi maqolalar yaxshi boshlang'ich nuqtani taqdim etadi. Ba'zi yo'nalishlar uchun, shuningdek qarang rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda sayohat qilish bo'yicha maslahatlar. Biz viza ma'lumotlari bilan davlat saytlariga havolalarni taqdim etamiz.

A veb-qidiruv mamlakat yoki shahar nomi bo'yicha ortiqcha "ekspatat" (qisqacha chet elga, kimdir o'z mamlakatidan tashqarida yashasa) ko'pincha mahalliy ma'lumotlarga ega saytlarni ochadi. Ularning eng yaxshisi, albatta, juda yaxshi, asosiy ma'lumot manbai. Biroq, yaxshi ma'lumotni olish uchun biroz saralash kerak; ba'zilari asosan turli xil korxonalar uchun reklama qilingan saytlar, xolis ma'lumotlar bilan to'ldirilgan, ba'zilari cheklangan doiraga ega bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan bir kishilik bloglar, hattoki yaxshilarida ham tushunarsiz yoki krakpot ishtirokchilari bo'lishi mumkin. Yozuvchi odam qachon manzilga tashrif buyurganligi to'g'risida xabardor bo'lish ham yaxshi. Axborot qanchalik yaxshi bo'lmasin, agar ular ko'p yillar davomida tashrif buyurmagan bo'lsa, ular eskirgan va endi ishonchsiz bo'lishi mumkin. Bu narsa doimo o'zgarib turadigan rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarning sayohat yozuvlarida ayniqsa muammoli.

Jurnallar va veb-saytlar kabi Xalqaro hayot, Xalqaro fuqarolar, Escape Artist, Chet elga o'tish va Expat Exchange umuman ekspatat hayotini qamrab olish. Kabi boshqalar Iste'fodagi chet ellik, Pensiya uchun dunyodagi eng yaxshi joylar va Retirepedia xususan pensiya haqida va boshqalar, masalan Osiyo nafaqasiga, Osiyoda nafaqaga chiqing va Viva Tropical uchun Lotin Amerika aniq yo'nalishlar haqida. Ko'proq umumiy jurnallarda ham materiallar mavjud: masalan, Forbes so'roviga ega chet ellarga do'stona mamlakatlar va Newsweek-da maqola bor yashash uchun eng yaxshi mamlakatlar.

Shuningdek, bor hukumat manbalari ma'lumot olish uchun. Ba'zi hukumatlar, masalan, chet elda nafaqaga chiqishni o'ylaydigan o'z fuqarolari uchun ma'lumot beradi AQSh, Buyuk Britaniya va Kanada. AQSh Davlat departamenti boradigan joylar to'g'risida ma'lumot olish uchun "fon yozuvlari" ko'pgina mamlakatlar uchun va Kanada hukumati taqdim etadi "mamlakat haqidagi tushunchalar". Ular asosan xalqaro biznes va savdo-sotiqga yo'naltirilgan. Belgilangan mamlakatning sizning mamlakatingizdagi elchixonasi yoki sizning mamlakatingizning belgilangan manzildagi elchixonasi ham foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Siz qarab mamlakat haqida bir oz tasavvurga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin statistika va ko'rsatkichlar, ehtimol Vikipediyaning qisqacha mazmuni bilan boshlanadi jon boshiga YaIM va o'rtacha uy daromadlari xarajat ko'rsatkichlari sifatida. Batafsil ma'lumot uchun ma'lumot manbalariga havolalarini kuzatib boring. Ularning ro'yxatini ko'ring Ijtimoiy taraqqiyot indeksi hayot darajasi to'g'risida umumiyroq fikr uchun. Xavfsizlik darajasi ko'rsatkichlari uchun Vikipediyaning sahifasi kiradi qotillik darajasi, va Global tinchlik indeksi. Boshqa qiziqish raqamlariga quyidagilar kiradi Demokratiya indeksi, Korruptsiyani qabul qilish indeksi, Matbuot erkinligi indeksi The Global yaxlitlik to'g'risidagi hisobot, va Jini indeksi jamiyatdagi daromadlarning tengsizligi darajasi uchun. Mercer turmush darajasi va infratuzilmasi bo'yicha dunyo bo'ylab shaharlarni baholaydi. Expatistan deyarli har qanday juft shahar uchun yashash narxlarini taqqoslashni ta'minlaydi.

Ehtimol, eng yaxshi statistik obzor Inson xavfsizligi indeksi 232 mamlakat uchun Iqtisodiy mato (aholi jon boshiga daromad, daromadlar tengligi va boshqalar), Atrof-muhit matolari (tabiiy ofatlar zaifligi, sanitariya va boshqalar) va Ijtimoiy mato (ta'lim va axborot, sog'liqni saqlash, tinchlik, korruptsiya va boshqalar) to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarga ega. . Sayt o'zlarining barcha ma'lumotlarini elektron jadval shaklida taqdim etadi, bu sizga nomzod mamlakatlarni taqqoslash va "do'kon" qilishda yordam beradigan ushbu ko'rsatkichlarning har biri bo'yicha mamlakatlarni saralashga imkon beradi.

Juda oz batafsil umumiy jadval uchun bizning sahifamizga qarang Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish / Jadval.

Biroq, bu raqamlarning hech biri qo'pol qo'llanma sifatida xizmat qila olmaydi; ular o'lchashga urinayotgan hodisalar har qanday oson xulosa uchun juda murakkabdir. Bundan tashqari, ko'pincha mamlakat ichida mintaqadan mintaqaga katta farqlar mavjud.

AQSh Geologik xizmati turli xil ma'lumotlar bilan ta'minlaydi xavf - zilzilalar, vulqonlar, tsunami, ko'chkilar va toshqinlar - qarang bu indeks. Ular butun dunyo bo'ylab zilzila haqida ma'lumot. Shunga o'xshash ma'lumotlarning yana bir manbai bu About.com. Shveytsariya sug'urta kompaniyasi yuzlab shaharlarni tabiiy ofat xavfi bo'yicha baholaydi (PDF). AQShning bo'ronlar milliy markazi bu borada juda ko'p ma'lumotlarga ega AQSh yaqinidagi tropik bo'ronlar va ba'zi ma'lumotlar butun dunyo bo'ylab bo'ronlar. Jahon banki ma'lumotlarga ega havo va suvning ifloslanishi. JSSTda qog'oz bor havoning ifloslanishi. NASA juda yaxshi topografik xaritani qo'llash dengiz sathining ko'tarilishining mumkin bo'lgan oqibatlarini ko'rish qobiliyatini o'z ichiga oladi. Qarang tropik kasalliklar sog'liq uchun xavf haqida ma'lumot olish uchun.

Agar siz biznesga yo'naltirilgan batafsil ma'lumot olishni istasangiz va ular uchun pul to'lashga tayyor bo'lsangiz, "Economist" kompaniyasi buni amalga oshiradi hisobotlar va prognozlar. Ishbilarmonlar o'z millatlarining savdo missiyalari bilan ham gaplashishlari kerak; ularning ishlarining bir qismi xalqaro savdoni amalga oshiradigan korxonalarga yordam berishdir.

Albatta aslida tashrif buyuradigan narsa yo'q mumkin bo'lgan pensiya yo'nalishlaringiz; tadqiqot qisqa ro'yxatga qisqartirishi mumkin, ammo keyin siz nomzodlarga yaxshi qarashingiz kerak. Ba'zi odamlar pensiyaga chiqishdan oldin bir necha yilni yoki nafaqaga chiqqanidan keyin bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, uzoq muddatli yo'nalishlarni tekshirish uchun sayohat qilishadi. Agar byudjetga ruxsat berilsa, a dunyo bo'ylab parvoz yaxshi ta'til va ko'plab imkoniyatlarni ko'rib chiqish usuli bo'lishi mumkin.

Vizalar

Aksariyat mamlakatlarda qisqa muddatli yashash odatda osonlikcha olinadigan sayyohlik yoki biznesni talab qiladi viza; ko'plab yo'nalishlar va ko'plab pasportlar uchun bu aeroportga yoki boshqa kirish joyiga etib borganda olinishi mumkin yoki Internet orqali on-layn rejimida murojaat qilish mumkin. Biroq, deyarli har qanday mamlakatda uzoq muddatli yashash uchun deyarli har qanday chet ellik viza talab qiladi. Turli yo'nalishlarda viza talablari to'g'risida ma'lumot olish uchun bizning mamlakatimiz ko'rsatmalariga qarang. Nufuzli ma'lumotga ega bo'lgan davlat saytlari uchun havolalarni kuzatib boring yoki murojaat qiling elchixona yoki konsullik.

Maxsus holatlar

Viza olish osonroq bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan alohida holatlar mavjud, ammo ba'zi bir hujjatlar mavjud bo'ladi.

  • Ko'pincha muhojirning o'ziga qaytib borishi uchun maxsus qoidalar mavjud asl mamlakat Masalan, hozirda boshqa pasportda yurgan filippinlik Filippinda hanuzgacha maxsus muolaja oladi.
Qo'shimcha asoratlar ham bo'lishi mumkin; masalan, Xitoy va AQSh fuqarolari ushbu pasport bilan mamlakatga kirishlari shart; boshqasidan foydalanish noqonuniy hisoblanadi.
  • Agar sizda bo'lsa yaqin qarindoshlar mamlakatda - masalan, agar chet el fuqarosi o'z fuqarosiga yoki immigrantlar avlodiga uylansa, eski mamlakatda qarindoshlari bo'lsa, unda ko'plab mamlakatlarda qo'llanilishi mumkin bo'lgan ba'zi bir maxsus qoidalar mavjud. Ba'zi mamlakatlar ota-onalari yoki bobolaridan kamida bittasi ushbu mamlakat fuqarosi bo'lganligini isbotlay oladiganlar uchun avtomatik fuqarolikni qabul qilishadi yoki fuqarolikni tezlashtirishadi.
  • Ba'zi mamlakatlarda mavjud xorijdagi mol-mulk bu erda ularning fuqarolari juda erkin yurishlari mumkin. Masalan, britaniyalikka borish oson Gibraltar yoki Britaniya Virjiniya orollari, amerikalik Amerika Samoasi, AQSh Virjiniya orollari yoki Puerto-Riko, gollandiyalik Aruba yoki Gollandiyaning boshqa Karib dengizi qismlari, portugal tiliga qadar Azor orollari yoki frantsuz Frantsiya Polineziyasi.
  • Bir mamlakat fuqarosi xalqaro guruh begona odamnikiga qaraganda o'sha guruhdagi boshqa mamlakatga osonroq borishi mumkin. Masalan, a Ispaniyalik nisbatan osonlik bilan nafaqaga chiqishi mumkin Gretsiya yoki Maltada chunki ikkala mamlakat ham Yevropa Ittifoqi.
  • Shuningdek, bor aniq kelishuvlar juftliklar yoki mamlakatlarning kichik guruhlari o'rtasida:
    • Yangi Zelandiya va Avstraliya har ikki mamlakat fuqarolariga boshqa mamlakatda vizasiz muddatsiz qolishlariga imkon beradigan kelishuvga ega bo'lish.
    • Fuqarolar Hindiston yashashi mumkin Nepal yoki Butan noaniq muddatga vizasiz va shu kabi Nepal yoki Butan fuqarolari ham Hindistonda vizasiz yashashlari mumkin.
    • Fuqarolar Mikroneziya Federativ Shtatlari, Marshal orollari va Palau da yashashi mumkin Qo'shma Shtatlar muddatsiz vizasiz. Biroq, aksincha, ushbu mamlakatlarda uzoq muddatli yashash uchun viza olishlari kerak bo'lgan AQSh fuqarolariga taalluqli emas (lekin qisqa tashriflar uchun emas).
    • Xitoy fuqarolari Gonkong yoki Makao materikda yashashi mumkin Xitoy abadiy vizasiz, aksincha aksincha materikdagi Xitoy fuqarolariga taalluqli emas, ular odatda Gonkong yoki Makaoga tashrif buyurish uchun viza olishlari shart.
    • Fuqarolar Tayvan Xitoy materikida muddatsiz vizasiz yashashi mumkin, ammo teskari holat Tayvanga tashrif buyurish uchun vizaga muhtoj bo'lgan Xitoy fuqarolariga taalluqli emas.
    • Rossiya va Belorussiya, ularning Ittifoq davlatiga a'zoligi orqali (Ruscha: Soyuznoe Gosudarstvo Rossii i Belarusi [SGRB yoki SGRB]), o'z fuqarolariga ushbu hududda erkin harakatlanishiga imkon beradi.
    • Fuqarolar Birlashgan Qirollik va Irlandiya bir-birlarining mamlakatlarida faqat amaldagi shaxsiy guvohnoma bilan yashashlari mumkin.

Hatto ikkita maxsus holatni birlashtirish mumkin bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, Germaniyani rejalashtirgan pensiya Evropa Ittifoqining boshqa mamlakatlarida Evropa Ittifoqi fuqarolari erkin yurishlari mumkin bo'lgan yoki viza olish oson bo'lgan chet elda mol-mulklari mavjudligini tekshirishi mumkin.

Pensiya vizasi

Juda ozgina mamlakatlar a pensiya vizasi. Bularning barchasi, hech bo'lmaganda, siz biron bir yosh chegarasini (ko'pincha 55 yoshda) bajarishingizni, etarli miqdordagi mablag'ni (odatda oylik daromadni, mahalliy bankka to'lanadigan pulni) ko'rsatishingizni va sog'lig'ingizni tekshirishingizni va politsiya tekshiruvidan o'tishingizni talab qiladi. Tafsilotlar uchun alohida mamlakatlar immigratsiya departamentining veb-saytlarini ko'ring.

Masalan, Malayziya va Filippin kabi bir necha mamlakatlarda pensiya vizasi talab qilinadigan odamlar uchun variant mavjud qariyalar uyida parvarish qilish. Bu ko'proq pul talab qiladi, ammo baribir uy sharoitidagi bunday g'amxo'rlikdan kamroqdir. Hali ham sog'liqni saqlash tekshiruvi mavjud; yuqumli kasalliklarga chalingan odamlar bundan mustasno.

Ushbu vizalarning aksariyati uchun qo'shimcha talablar mavjud. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda uzoq muddatli vizalar uchun til talablari mavjud. Ba'zilar sarmoyani talab qiladi yoki siz katta miqdordagi mablag'ni mahalliy bankka topshirishingizni talab qiladi. Ba'zilar sizning milliy sog'liqni saqlash sug'urtalash dasturiga qo'shilishingizni yoki o'zingizning tibbiy sug'urtangizga ega bo'lishingizni talab qiladi. Ba'zilar boshqa sug'urtani talab qiladilar, masalan, javobgarlikni sug'urtalash yoki hayotni sug'urtalash. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda viza uchun yillik katta to'lov bo'lishi mumkin.

Ba'zi bir pensiya vizalari sizga ishlashga imkon beradi, ammo viza olish uchun sizga etarli pensiya yoki aktivlar kerak. Ba'zilar boradigan mamlakatda ishlashni cheklaydi yoki taqiqlaydi, ba'zilari esa ish bilan to'liq taqiqlanadi; hatto Internet-biznesga ham ruxsat berilmaydi. Ba'zi mamlakatlar sizga ko'p ish joylarini olishga ruxsat bermaydilar, ammo ba'zi bir daromad keltiradigan faoliyatlarga ruxsat berishadi; masalan, Paragvayda siz restoran yoki mehmonxona ochishingiz mumkin va Meksikada rassom sifatida ishlashingiz mumkin.

Umuman olganda, pensiya vizasida bo'lgan odamlarga ijtimoiy ta'minotdan foydalanish imkoniyati berilmaydi, shuning uchun har qanday yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan favqulodda vaziyatlarni qoplash uchun etarli mablag 'mavjudligiga ishonch hosil qilishingiz kerak.

Deyarli har qanday mamlakat uchun "pensiya vizasi" (yoki ispan tilida so'zlashadigan davlatlar uchun "pensiya") va mamlakat nomi bo'yicha veb-qidiruvda ko'plab ma'lumotlar, asosan viza xizmatini taklif qiluvchi sayyohlik agentliklari yoki yuridik firmalar paydo bo'ladi. Ba'zi mamlakatlar hukumat tomonidan tasdiqlangan agent orqali o'tishingizni talab qiladi. Agar talab qilinmasa, agentdan foydalanish o'zingiz murojaat qilganingizdan ko'ra qimmatroq bo'ladi, ammo bu ancha qulayroq bo'lishi mumkin va xarajatlar ko'pincha oqilona bo'ladi. Agar siz agentdan foydalanishni tanlasangiz, u hukumat saytidagi stavkalar va talablarni bilib olishga yordam beradi (yuqoridagi havolalar), shuning uchun siz ortiqcha to'lovlardan qochishingiz mumkin.

Qarang Chet elda nafaqaga chiqish / Jadval pensiya vizalari uchun moliyaviy talablarning qisqacha mazmuni uchun.

Immigratsion vizalar

Ba'zi mamlakatlarda standartdan foydalangan holda nafaqaga chiqish mumkin immigratsiya / kelishuv vizasi maxsus pensiya vizasi o'rniga.

  • Polsha pensiya vizasi kabi narsalarga ega emas. Buning o'rniga siz mamlakatga qisqa muddatli viza bilan kirib, so'ngra ofisida uzoq muddatli vizaga murojaat qilishingiz kerak viloyat unda yashash niyatidasiz. Oxir-oqibat siz yashash uchun ruxsat olish uchun murojaat qilishingiz mumkin.
  • Chili dan oldin ikki yillik vaqtinchalik yashashni talab qiladi doimiy yashash uchun viza uchun ariza ishlov berilishi mumkin.

Ko'pgina mamlakatlar uchun ushbu strategiya yaxshi ishlamaydi, chunki ular immigratsiyani qattiq nazorat ostiga olishadi. Boshqa tomondan, agar siz immigratsiya talablariga javob bersangiz, bu sizga pensiya vizasi bo'lmagan mamlakatga borishingiz mumkin.

Investor vizasi

Ko'pgina mamlakatlarda mavjud investorning vizasi. Agar siz yaxshi mablag 'bilan ta'minlangan pensiyadan zavq olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, mahalliy biznesga bir parcha pul qo'yishingiz va shu bilan mamlakatda yashash sharafiga erishishingiz mumkin. Biz bu erda bir nechta misollarni keltiramiz, ammo agar sizda bir necha million dollar bo'lsa (bir oz mablag 'sarflang va uy sotib oling), deyarli hamma joyga borishingiz mumkin. Investor vizasi bo'lmagan mamlakat uchun investor kompaniya tuzishi va uni biron bir menejment yoki maslahat vazifasida yollashi mumkin. Muayyan investor vizasiga ega bo'lmagan boshqa mamlakatlarda chet elliklarga mahalliy biznesga katta miqdordagi mablag 'sarflab, doimiy yashash huquqini beradigan maxsus sxemalar bo'lishi mumkin.

Kvebek o'z viloyatiga ega investorning vizasi turli xil talablar bilan, garchi bu sizga sarmoya kiritishni va Kvebekda yashashni talab qilsa.

Bir nechta mamlakatlar uchun sof investitsiya vizasi uchun katta miqdordagi mablag 'talab etiladi, ammo tadbirkor vizasi - mamlakatda biznesni boshlash va boshqarish niyatida bo'lganlar uchun juda kam talab qilinadi. Biroq, odatda, tegishli tajribaga ega bo'lish va batafsil va ishonchli biznes-rejani taqdim etish kabi qo'shimcha talablar mavjud.

Ba'zi mamlakatlar uchun investorlarga til talablari bekor qilinadi. Masalan, Kanadaning deyarli barcha vizalari uchun immigrant ingliz yoki frantsuz tillarida gaplashishini talab qiladi. Biroq, investor uchun bunday talab yo'q.

Ba'zi mamlakatlar uchun sarmoyalar deyarli uzoq muddatli istiqbolga erishishning yagona usuli hisoblanadi. Masalan, xitoylik doimiy yashash uchun to'rt narsadan biri kerak bo'ladi: sarmoyalar, to'rt yil Xitoyda yuqori darajadagi ishda, xitoyliklar bilan turmush qurgan besh yil yoki "Xitoyga ulkan va ulkan hissalar".

Boshqa vizalar

Bundan tashqari, yarim nafaqada bo'lish mumkin, ammo chet elda ish topish, qisman a olishning bir usuli sifatida ishchi viza. Bu sizga pensiya vizasini taklif qilmaydigan mamlakatlarga borishga imkon berishi mumkin. Buning uchun eng keng tarqalgan ish ingliz tilini o'qitish. Agar kerakli ko'nikmalarga ega bo'lsangiz, maslahat berish uchun ish joylari uchun imkoniyatlar mavjud, qarang chet elda ishlash. Bundan tashqari, ular juda oz ko'ngilli postlar; yaxshi pensiyaga ega bo'lgan kishi kam ish haqiga ishlashga qodir.

Pensiya oluvchilar uchun maqbul bo'lgan bir necha jihatlarga ega bo'lgan ba'zi mamlakatlar - turmushning pastligi, qiziqarli madaniyat va yoqimli iqlim - pensiya vizasini taklif qilmaydi; misollar kiradi Vetnam, Laos, Myanma va Kambodja. Shunga qaramay, ba'zi odamlar u erda nafaqaga chiqadilar, odatda vizani biron bir nodavlat tashkilotda yarim kunlik ko'ngilli sifatida ishlash yoki biron bir biznesni tashkil etish va biznes vizasi.

Chet elda yashashning yana bir usuli bu talabalik vizasi; qarang chet elda o'qish. Belgilangan joyga qarab, kimdir bir necha oy yoki yilni foydali o'tkazishi mumkin til o'rganish. Muayyan hudud tarixi yoki arxeologiyasi bilan qiziqqan har bir kishi, shuningdek, o'z sohalari uchun asosiy manbalar yaqinida o'qishni qiziqtirishi mumkin.

Agar Siz haqiqatan ham sayohat qilish kabi va juda saxiy byudjetga va "yaxshi" pasportga ega (viza olish nisbatan oson), hatto ketma-ket yurib pensiyaga chiqish mumkin turistik vizalar. Bu sizni har bir mamlakatda qisqa vaqt bilan cheklaydi; turistik vizalar odatda 30 dan 90 kungacha yaxshi bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, bu qimmat; siz mehmonxonalarda yashaysiz va restoranlarda ko'p ovqatlanasiz, transport xarajatlaringiz esa katta. Agar siz arzon narxlardagi mintaqani va ryukkakerlar sinfini tanlasangiz ham, hisoblar o'sib boradi. Biroq, ba'zi odamlar buni adashib, aslida qilishadi Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo yoki Karib dengizi vaqti-vaqti bilan boshqa joyga sayohat bilan. Boshqalar shunga o'xshash narsalarni qilishadi kruiz kemalari ham transport, ham turar joy uchun.

Moliyaviy masalalar

Chet elda yashash uchun sizga, ehtimol, kamida bitta uyga va belgilangan manzilga bir nechta bank hisobvarag'i kerak. Ideal holda, ikkala bank ham qisman tanlanishi kerak, chunki ularda ko'plab xalqaro filiallar mavjud; masalan, yangi uyingizda ololmaydigan bankda hisob raqamingiz bo'lishi sizga ozgina foyda keltiradi. Odatda, yirik banklar kichikroq mintaqaviy banklarga qaraganda yaxshiroqdir, ammo ikkala yo'nalishda ham istisnolar mavjud.

HSBC bu dunyodagi to'rtinchi yirik bank va chet elliklar uchun mashhur tanlovdir, chunki ularning ko'plab xalqaro filiallari va ekspatatlar uchun maxsus ishlab chiqilgan xizmatlari mavjud. Ular dastlab Gonkong Shanxay banki bo'lib, ular XIX asrda Xitoy savdosiga xizmat qilish uchun tashkil etilgan, shuning uchun ular xalqaro bank bilan ishlash bo'yicha katta tajribaga ega. Bosh qarorgohi Londonda, lekin ular o'zlarini "dunyoning mahalliy banki" deb reklama qiladilar va 80 mamlakatda 6600 filialiga ega.

Asosiy kredit kartalari - MasterCard, Visa va ozroq darajada American Express - butun dunyo bo'ylab keng tarqalgan bo'lib, yirik sotuvchilar - American Express yoki Thomas Cook'dan sayohat cheklari. Biroq, mahalliy farqlar mavjud; tafsilotlar uchun mamlakat maqolalariga qarang. Bundan tashqari, agar siz katta miqdordagi mablag'ni ko'chirsangiz yoki ko'plab operatsiyalarni amalga oshirsangiz, bu xarajatlarni tekshirish uchun to'lanadi. Sizga valyuta ayirboshlash va xizmat ko'rsatish to'lovlarining besh xil kombinatsiyasini pul o'tkazish yo'li bilan besh xil usulda olish mumkin - naqd pulni almashtirish, sayohatchining chekini almashtirish, elektron pul o'tkazmasini o'tkazish, kredit kartadan foydalanish va chet el kartasi yordamida mahalliy valyutani bankomatdan olib qo'yish. Qaysi biri eng foydali ekanligi, sizning qaerda ekanligingizga va bitimning har ikki tomonida qaysi bankdan foydalanganingizga qarab farqlanadi. Bizning maqolamizga ham qarang pul.

Umuman olganda, valyuta kurslarini biling va biroz ehtiyot bo'ling. Masalan, 2015 yil boshida bir necha oy ichida Kanada dollari 95 AQSh dollaridan 80 AQSh sentigacha tushdi va Britaniya funt sterlingi Brexitda ovoz berganidan keyin bir kun ichida 10 foizga kamaydi; bunday o'zgarishlar bir valyutada to'lanadigan, ammo xarajatlari boshqa valyutada bo'lgan chet elliklarga katta ta'sir ko'rsatishi mumkin. Sizning pensiya yoki sarmoyalash uchun rejalashtirishingiz ushbu xavfni hisobga olishi kerak.

Asoratlar bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, Tailand, Xitoy va Hindiston kabi ba'zi davlatlarda - chet el valyutasini almashtirish yoki mahalliy valyutani olib kirish va eksport qilishda qonuniy cheklovlar mavjud. Filippin kabi ba'zi bir pensiya vizalari har oyda hukumat tomonidan tasdiqlangan banklarda belgilangan miqdorni almashtirishni talab qiladi. It is not a problem in the Philippines but in some places the official exchange rate may not be to the traveller's advantage.

Pensions can also have complications. Private or corporate pension plans will generally just pay you, wherever you may be. However, conditions for government pensions may depend on how long you have lived in the paying country and where you live when you apply. Generally the most important consideration is how long you lived there between ages 18 and 65; you get a full pension if you lived there for all that time. If not, each country has a different formula for calculating how much of a reduced pension you will get. Some countries also place restrictions on payment of pensions to non-residents; whether you can collect a government pension at all may depend on where you live.

In planning a budget, remember that prices on many things will be different from the ones in your current location. In particular, your everyday dinner may be considered exotic foreign food locally and, even in a generally low-cost country, the cost of these and other luxury goods may be high—if you can find them. If you really want to go out for a good steak or a nice glass of a single malt, for example, it will very likely cost at least as much in Bangkok as in London or New York, and will certainly be harder to find. In Back-of-beyond-istan, neither steaks nor good whiskey are likely to be available; the only pseudo-Western choice might be expensive low quality coffee or hamburgers. Doing your own cooking or employing a cook helps, but some ingredients may be hard to find or expensive.

Clothing can also be a problem, especially if you are a different size or shape than the locals. Most low-cost countries have good cheap tailors, which solves part of the problem rather nicely. However there are things the tailors cannot do; for example, Westerners in Asia often cannot buy shoes or brassieres where they live.

If you have children who are still of school age when you retire, the need to educate them may affect both your budget and your choice of destination. There are international schools in many places, mainly for the children of expatriate employees of government and large corporations. These are usually quite good but they are not available in all destinations and they tend to be very expensive; most parents do not care because an employer foots the bill, and the employers do not care much since it is a necessary business expense. There are directories of these schools at International Schools Services va Council of International Schools.

There are other educational choices — the local schools where you are, boarding schools at home or abroad (Tatler magazine does an annual guide for those in the UK), home schooling, or hiring a tutor. For younger kids, Montessori schools are also widespread and popular with expat parents. Some kids may be best off left in their current schools with their current friends; you might have them move in with relatives, into a university residence, or even into an apartment.

You also need to budget for shipping costs and for travel costs for visiting home or seeing the region. You may need communications services like high-speed Internet, satellite TV, perhaps satellite phone. Also budget for things you may need from abroad, such as English books and CDs or DVDs, maple syrup or Marmite. Ordering such things abroad raises other questions: how reliable is the postal service, and will Customs officials apply censorship?

Sayohat sug'urtasi is generally designed for shorter trips, not for people living abroad, but it may be worth considering for retirees. Obtaining other types of insurance locally, such as fire and theft protection for a residence or insurance on vehicles, is also often worthwhile.

Some people only partly retire and continue to work, usually either by setting up a business at the destination or doing digital nomad work via the Internet.

Taxation

Taxation is often complicated, so for anyone with substantial assets or income getting professional advice is almost certain to be well worth the cost. An investor will likely need accountants in both home and destination countries plus at least one lawyer. This section tries to cover the basics, but it should definitely not be your only information source. Even if your assets and income are small, you probably need to at least check the rules for both countries by reading government web sites and/or making inquiries at the tax offices.

In most cases, people on retirement visas enjoy a tax exemption in the destination country. Investors, however, are generally not exempt and must plan accordingly.

Taxation by the home country may be an issue. American citizens and resident aliens are required to file and are taxable by the US on worldwide income even if living abroad. There is a Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (form 2555) that allows an American living abroad to avoid tax on up to $100,000 a year earned abroad, and a Foreign Tax Credit (form 1116) that reduces US tax if you are taxed abroad. In many expatriate communities there are some mostly-retired accountants who supplement their income by helping Americans with this, and a company called Bright Tax offers US expat tax services worldwide.

Other countries generally do not tax on worldwide income if you do not reside in that country, but most will apply tax if you have an income in the country. For example, take a Canadian who has $20,000 a year of income from renting out a house in Canada, but lives elsewhere. If he or she lives in a country such as the US which has a tax agreement with Canada, then the Canadian government takes a flat 15% of the Canadian income, $3000 in this case. On the US tax return, he or she reports the $20,000 as income and deducts the $3000 from the US tax due as tax already paid. If he or she lives in a country which has no tax agreement with Canada, then the Canadian government takes a flat 25%.

As for most taxation, enforcement on these can be draconian; should an expatriate fail to pay these taxes, his or her agent in Canada becomes legally liable for the entire amount and both the expat's and the agent's bank accounts can be seized. Also note that in some countries, including Canada, a pension that is small enough to escape tax if you live there becomes taxable at 15% or 25% if you become a non-resident.

Depending on a whole complex of factors, it may be advantageous to have some of your money in a tax haven, which need not be either your home country or the one you live in. For example, an Englishman living in Thailand might have a Kanal orollari account, and the Canadian in the example above might consider selling the house and investing the proceeds through a Gonkong stockbroker. On the other hand, it might be better to mortgage the house and do something clever with the proceeds, since the mortgage interest would be a deductible expense for the taxation. Note, however, that Americans are required to report foreign assets over $10,000 to the IRS and many foreign banks (under threat of having their US business restricted) co-operate and report to the US government on American-owned accounts.

In some cases it may be advantageous to set up a company for taxation or other reasons. For example, an employee of a Hong Kong company has an easier time with Chinese visas than an individual foreigner and a foreign company can own land in the Philippines whereas an individual foreigner cannot. Of course this requires expert local advice, at least a lawyer and often others.

Housing

A duplex in Ekvador
Gonkong high-rises
Houses in Tuluza
A fixer-upper in Laos
Shuningdek qarang: Second homes

Many foreign retirees buy property — a home and/or a business — abroad, though others find it simpler and lower-risk to just rent. This section covers buying a home; buying a business is generally more complicated and the rules vary by country, so we do not attempt to cover that.

When choosing a place, you may need to allow space for whatever visitors you expect and to consider getting furniture that gives you flexibility in accommodating visitors, such as a couch that folds out into a bed. Or perhaps just choose a place with a good cheap hotel nearby.

Remember that over the long term your plans can change for many unpredicatable reasons so always consider how easy it would be to sell the property. In some countries particular types of property might mainly appeal to e.g. overseas purchasers and then selling your property might become harder should e.g. exchange rates move or immigration policies change.

In some countries, there are legal restrictions on foreigners buying property. For example, in Thailand or the Philippines, a foreigner cannot own land but can own a condominium. In Indonesia, a foreigner can buy a place, but only above a minimum price which varies by region.

In some of the retirement visa deals, buying property gets you off the hook on the cash deposit. For example, for a Philippines visa you must put $10,000 in a local bank and leave it there as long as you stay, unless you buy property. However, if you spend $50,000 or more on real estate that complies with government rules (not a place that is still under construction, for example), you get the deposit back.

It is absolutely necessary to be sure you get good unencumbered title to whatever you buy. Without that, you could be forced to move without compensation, or to pay to clear up a problem. Sometimes title problems occur due to outright fraud, a crook selling a property he or she does not own; be suspicious of anyone who offers an exceptionally fine price and wants to close quickly. Or there may be several people with a legal claim to a property: more than one child for the parents' house once mom and dad are gone, ex-husband and ex-wife, and so on; an unwary buyer may be caught in the crossfire of a family feud. In some countries aboriginal land claims may conflict with what the settler-dominated government thinks is the case, and again an innocent buyer can be caught in the crossfire. In many countries a contractor who does work on a place and is not paid can register a "mechanic's lien" against the property; no-one can get clear title without paying him or her off. A mortgage lender also has a claim that must be paid before title is transferred.

What you need to do about possible title problems varies by country; your first step should be to seek expert local advice. In many places it is enough to hire a good lawyer to handle your purchase; he or she will check the title as part of standard procedures, and will ensure that all liens or mortgages are paid off before or at closing. In some places you can buy title insurance which protects you if unforeseen problems crop up later, and this is sometimes a very good investment.

Moving

In planning a move, allow for shipping costs and consider which things might be better bought at the destination than shipped. As a general rule, furniture and appliances are better bought on site than shipped. This reduces shipping costs, avoids difficulties with different electrical systems, and often means you have a warranty that applies where you are. However, there are plenty of exceptions; you need to work out which of the exceptions apply to you.

Shipping costs can go up to well over $10,000 for a long-distance move of a big load using a full-service company that handles packing and does door-to-door delivery. Typically, though, they are much less. Paying airline excess baggage fees is one of the most expensive ways to transport stuff and should be avoided if possible. Shop around; there are some good deals out there, though it is necessary to be cautious about cut-rate vendors. Consider companies that serve an immigrant community; many overseas workers send stuff back to the old country and it is generally small loads, so these companies are usually best if you have a small-to-medium load going to a country they serve.

If there is some way to reach your destination overland, and you are confident you can make the trip, you will be able to carry a lot more than the rather low weight limits on airlines. If you live in Britain and want to retire in Southern Spain, loading your car with your stuff and simply driving there (using a ferry or the Chunnel) is certainly doable. It may even be worth renting a larger vehicle or putting a trailer on the car. If your origin is Japan and the destination Europe, it's probably not worth the trip round the world overland, Garchi.

If you have items of any sort which are small, high-quality and useful — say kitchen pots and knives — by all means bring those; replacing them is likely to be uneconomical, and if you are used to good tools then using lesser ones can be unpleasant. Larger items are a tougher call — a fine sound system may be worth bringing even if the speakers weigh a ton and the voltage is wrong, but again it may not be. If you have good art or craft items — say paintings or carpets — consider bringing them along; they will make the new place feel much more like home. On the other hand, also consider giving or loaning them to family and friends who you know will appreciate them.

Books are heavy so transporting them can be a problem but bringing at least some of them is essential for many travellers, especially when planning for a long-term stay. If you are sending a freight shipment for household goods, then including books in that will be the cheapest way to transport them. If you are travelling light and want to bring books, the post office may be far cheaper than airline excess baggage charges; some countries' post offices have a special cheap rate for mailing books. Acquiring an e-book reader is also an alternative worth considering.

In particular, cookbooks may be of great value if you either cook yourself or want to train a cook you hire at the destination. Of course there are also many cookbooks and recipe collections on-line; one good source is Project Gutenberg. For traditional American dishes see the Whitehouse Cookbook, published in 1887 and written by the presidential chef of the time. For British cookery in that era, try Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management. There is also much cooking information on Wikibooks.

Also consider import duties, which can be prohibitive in some cases. Masalan, Singapur is a duty-free port for most things so bringing most electronic items there makes little sense. However, their duty on automobiles is 31%; coming on top of shipping costs this means bringing a car there is probably impractical. Other places have high duties on electronics so you might want to bring those, or stop in Singapore or Hong Kong to buy them en route. Keep in mind that eventually you will probably need to purchase something that was imported. Check the duty rates oldin committing to a certain country.

Many countries have an exemption so that there is no duty for personal household goods for someone moving there. For example, someone going to Thailand on a retirement visa can bring in personal goods duty-free within six months of issuance of the visa. Some countries, such as Malaysia, even allow a retiree to import a car duty-free.

Sog'liqni saqlash

Health concerns are important, especially with advancing age; availability and cost of good care are always factors in choosing a destination. In some cases, they may be the deciding factors; qarang medical tourism. While the cost of healthcare is often lower in developing countries than in developed ones, the standard of care will sometimes not be up to what you are used to at home. On the other hand, it may sometimes be better; for example, lower labour costs might allow a hospital to have a better ratio of nurses to patients. Also, while professional fees and costs for common medicines are generally lower, costs for things that need to be imported, such as dental implants and some drugs, may be higher than at home.

You may need vaccinations or other precautions such as anti-bezgak medication. Consult a doctor with expertise in travel medicine, or visit a travel medicine clinic, well before your planned departure.

Bring your medical records; your doctor at the destination will need them.

Health insurance should be part of your plan and budget. In some countries, people on a retirement visa are eligible for, or even required to enroll in, the destination country's health insurance scheme; this may be useful, but you might need other insurance as well. If you live abroad, you may no longer be covered by your home country's government health insurance system and if you have a private plan, it may not cover everything you need abroad. Whatever insurance you have, or will get in the new country, it is a good idea to review it when moving to see if you need to make additional arrangements. In particular, many policies do not cover evacuation in an emergency or problems that may crop up while you are outside your country of residence.

Insurance coverage may not be restored immediately if you return to the home country. For example, Canada has "universal" health insurance, but you must be resident in a province for three months before you are covered. Without other insurance, a sick person might be unable to go home because he could neither afford to pay for treatment himself nor survive three months without it. An exception is that if you are employed abroad, then you can keep the Canadian insurance valid for up to five years, but this requires an actual job in the destination country; it does emas apply if you are retired or working over the net.

A Global Medical Insurance plan (Reddit - Guide to International_Health Insurance/) would cover you both in your home country, your country of residence abroad, as well as any other country you may want to seek treatment in. There are a wide variety of plans that be comprehensive or bare bones. Benefits can include inpatient care, outpatient care, medical evacuation, health and wellness checks, vision, dental, and more. If you are retiring abroad, you should check to make sure your plan will continue on for your lifetime (some plans are terminated when you reach a certain age).

Shuningdek qarang sayohat sug'urtasi, stay healthy, medical tourism and perhaps tropical diseases.

Dying abroad

It is also worth considering the possibility of dying abroad. In the worst case — local friends have no idea how to contact family, there is no will, and there's an apartment full of stuff that should probably go to the local lover but he or she has no legal status to claim it — this can create a real mess, but various simple measures can make the aftermath much easier. These can also help in non-fatal emergencies such as being arrested or injured, or becoming seriously ill. Choose a local friend and a family member back home and give them each other's contact details. If your country's passports have an emergency contact section, fill it out. Register with your embassy or consulate and give them emergency contact information.

Write a will and ensure your named contacts can access it. As a will isn't read until after death, you'll likely need separate documents to indicate who is to make medical decisions, or have power of attorney for other matters, if you are alive but incapacitated.

In some cases a spouse may be eligible for a pension from the home country. Consider a Canadian guy who dies abroad and has someone the Canadian government considers his wife — he either legally married her or lived with for a year then filled out paperwork at a consulate to acknowledge her as a common-law wife. In those cases she almost automatically gets half his CPP pension for the rest of her life, even if she remarries. This will typically be only a few hundred dollars a month, but in a low-income country it may make a large difference in her life. With neither a legal marriage nor registration of a common-law relationship, she might still try to get the pension but would not be likely to succeed. The rules for this vary by country and by type of pension and are often fairly complex, but if you have both a pension and a Significant Other then it is worth investigating what rules apply in your case.

Communications

Communications become vitally important when you live overseas. Low-quality, expensive or unreliable communications systems are a problem in some areas, and censorship is a major difficulty in others.

Consider having a backup communication system to use if other things fail. For example, both phone and Internet connections might stop working if an earthquake took out an undersea cable or the government went into a panic about some unrest in the country. If that is a risk where you are going and communications are critical for your life or business, be prepared. Depending on your exact situation, it might be enough to have a short wave radio or satellite TV to get international news broadcasts. Others might need two-way communication as with a ham radio set-up or a satellite phone. On the other hand, some may be fine with nothing at all.

If your retirement plans include a vehicle, perhaps an SUV or a sailboat, consider equipping it with a communications system that can double as backup for your home system.

Wikipedia has a list of countries by Internet speeds. Shuningdek qarang Internetga ulanish, Telephone service and the "Connect" sections of country articles for more information.

Other ways to retire

This article covers moving abroad to retire. There are other ways to manage retirement; we try to list most of them in this section, but make no other attempt to cover them:

Seasonal migration works well for birds, and sometimes for people. Some retired people maintain two homes, perhaps spending summers near family and friends and winters somewhere warmer; they are often called "snowbirds" in the Americas, while "swallows" is used for Europeans who winter in Janubiy Afrika. Others live mostly in their home country but travel a lot in winter. Shuningdek qarang vacation homes.

Grey nomads live a mobile post-retirement lifestyle; this lets you see more places and also gives you the option of migrating with the seasons. Often this involves travel with a mobile home or by qayiq but, with enough money, it is also possible to retire (or just to winter) as a passenger on kruiz kemalari, coming ashore only occasionally to change ships or to visit friends and family. Another variant is to have both a house in some interesting place abroad and a boat or vehicle for exploring nearby areas.

The book and website The Four-Hour Work Week introduce "lifestyle design" techniques, including the notion of taking a series of "mini-retirements" spread out through a career rather than waiting for one big retirement late in life. The site Retire Early Lifestyle also has some online info, and promotes a book The Adventurer's Guide to Early Retirement.

Quite a few people choose to live abroad without retiring. Arguably, this makes for a more interesting life and it can certainly save money. One way to do this is to work abroad, but it also works well for people who live off investments or who earn money elsewhere, for example by running an Internet business or doing really long-range telecommuting. The classic example is Arthur C Clarke (author of 2001: A Space Odyssey, among other things), living in Shri-Lanka while collecting book and film royalties in hard currency.

For aging hippies and others who really want to get away from it all va go back to the land, the classic reference is the Whole Earth Catalog. Other sources include Off Grid Info va Appropedia, an appropriate technology wiki. Also, the Global Village Construction Set offers "an open technological platform that allows for the easy fabrication of the 50 different Industrial Machines that it takes to build a small civilization with modern comforts."

If you have plenty of money, there are even a magazine and web site devoted to marketing private islands around the world. Prices start around a hundred thousand dollars for an undeveloped island in backwoods Canada and there are a lot of nice-sounding properties in the half million to five million range, mostly with an interesting location and a nice house. At sky's-the-limit prices, there are properties with prime locations and very luxurious housing; many include businesses such as resorts and marinas.

Cscr-featured.svgBu sayohat mavzusi haqida Retiring abroad a Yulduz maqola. It covers the topic completely with great information and visuals. Agar siz o'zgargan narsani bilsangiz, iltimos, oldinga intiling va uning o'sishiga yordam bering!
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