Kichik hunarmandchilikda sayohat - Cruising on small craft

Ushbu maqola haqida kichik hunarmandchilik bilan sayohat qilishKema sayohatchilarga tegishli bo'lgan yoki ijaraga olingan motorli va suzib yuruvchi motorli kemalarni ham o'z ichiga oladi va sayohatchilar tomonidan boshqarilishi mumkin. Bu katta kemalarda sayohat qilishni o'z ichiga olmaydi, bu erda sayohatchi faqat to'lovni amalga oshiradigan yo'lovchidir va ekspluatatsiya va tashkil etishni kema egalari yoki operatorlari ta'minlaydi; buning uchun qarang Kruiz kemalari.

Ushbu 8 fut (8,5 m) yaxtadagi quyosh panellari 12 V gacha bo'lgan batareyalarni zaryadlashi mumkin 9 A to'liq, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri quyosh nuri ostida. Shamol parvozini boshqarish tizimiga ham e'tibor bering. Ikki kishi uni suzib ketishdi Evropa orqali Kanareykalar orollari uchun Karib dengizi va 1999-2000 yillarda. U o'zini elektr energiyasi bilan ta'minlagan va yil davomida faqat ikki marta dizel yoqilg'isini qayta yoqish kerak edi.

Mavzu to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kemada mavjud emas sho'ng'in ekskursiyalar, oq suv kanoe yoki rafting, qayiq baliq ovlashyoki suv transporti poygalarida qatnashish, garchi bu mashg'ulotlar "Qil"quyidagi bo'lim.

Kruizlar turli xil kreyserlar uchun turli xil narsalarni anglatadi, ammo barcha kruizlar quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega: qayiqda yashash va ko'pincha uzoq vaqt sayohat qilish. Yoqilg'i sarfini kamaytirish uchun eng keng tarqalgan kruiz kemasi - bu yelkanli qayiq.

Bir necha hafta yoki undan qisqa vaqt davomida sayr qilish odatiy holdir. Agar sizning uyingiz portiga osonlikcha etib boradigan bo'lsa, bu erda berilgan barcha maslahatlarning ahamiyati yo'q.

Ba'zi kreyserlar "uzoq muddatli" bo'lib, ko'p yillar davomida sayohat qiladilar, besh yildan o'n yilgacha butun dunyo bo'ylab eng sarguzashtlar atrofida aylanadilar. Boshqalar kruiz turmush tarzini boshdan kechirish uchun ishdan va maktabdan bir-ikki yil dam olishadi.

Kruizning vaqtinchalik xususiyati tufayli kreyserlar o'z jamoasini tashkil qiladi. Kruizerlar, odatda, yangi maydonga o'rnatilgandan so'ng, o'zlarini tanishtirish va "salom" aytish uchun yaqin atrofdagi qayiqlarda to'xtashadi (qayiqlarida). Klassik muzqaymoq kemasi langarda qayiqni minib, "qayerda yaxshi xolding bor?" Hududni tark etayotgan ko'plab kreyserlar xaritalarni teskari yo'nalishda ketayotgan kemalar bilan xursand qilishadi.

Tushuning

Kruiz uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan bir nechta toifadagi kichik hunarmandchilik toifalari mavjud, ular orasida motorli kemalar va suzib yuruvchi kemalar ham bo'lishi mumkin, ularning ikkalasi ham katta diapazonlarda harakat qilishi mumkin va okeanlarni kesib o'tishi yoki sayohat paytida dunyoni aylanib chiqishi mumkin va undan foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan kichik kemalar. kunlik sayohatlar, bir kechada sayohatlar va qisqa qirg'oq va ichki sayohatlar uchun. Ular orasida odam yuradigan qayiqlar, masalan, kanoeda va baydarkada.

Qayiqni tanlashda odatda eng kichigi mos keladimi yoki yo'qligini tekshirib ko'rishingiz kerak; osonlikcha boshqarish yoki sotib olish uchun juda katta bo'lgan qayiqni xohlash oson. Kattaroq qayiq sotib olish, ijaraga olish yoki xizmat ko'rsatish uchun ko'proq xarajat talab qiladi, ko'proq yoqilg'i yoqadi va ko'pgina marinalarda katta to'lovlar olinadi. Hajmi o'rniga sifatini qidiring; sizning makoningiz baribir cheklangan bo'ladi (agar siz kemani tanlamasangiz), lekin yaxshi rejalashtirilgan qayiq bo'sh joy bilan ko'proq mo''jizalar yaratadi - bundan tashqari ishonchli. Siz okeanni kesib o'tishda juda kichik qayiqni xohlamaysiz, chunki kattaroq qayiq to'lqinlarni yaxshi boshqaradi va uzoqroq sayohat uchun zarur bo'lgan zaxira va ehtiyot qismlar uchun joy bo'ladi. Taxminan 36 metr (11 m) odatiy kreyserlar uchun eng kichik oqilona o'lchamdir, garchi ba'zi odamlar okeanlarni kesib o'tgan yoki hatto dunyoni ancha kichik qayiqlarda aylanib chiqishgan.

Agar siz kemangizni uchuvchisiz charter qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ya'ni o'zingiz kema egasi bo'lishni istasangiz, unda sizning vakolatingizni tasdiqlovchi dalillarni ko'rsatishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Rasmiy malaka ba'zi mamlakatlarda, hech bo'lmaganda katta yoki tez bo'lsa (hech bo'lmaganda Daniya va Shvetsiyada tezkor qayiqlarni boshqarish uchun maxsus imtihonlar mavjud) o'z kemangizni boshqarish uchun zarurdir. Nima kerakligini tekshiring.

Evropada malaka hujjatining asosiy hujjati (hujjat zarur bo'lgan hollarda) - dengizda yoki daryo va kanallarda ma'lum hajmgacha suzib yuradigan qayiqlarni yoki energetik qayiqlarni boshqarishga imkon beradigan "Pleasure Craft" operatorlari uchun xalqaro sertifikat (ICC). . Fuqarolar sertifikatni milliy tizimlarga muvofiq olishadi, chet elliklar esa, masalan, Buyuk Britaniyadagi Qirollik yaxtalar assotsiatsiyasidan (RYA).

Uskunangiz (masalan, dvigatel) bilan bog'liq bo'lgan boshlang'ich muammolarni qanday hal qilishni bilishingizga ishonch hosil qiling va tegishli vositalar va ehtiyot qismlarni bortingizda olib yuring. Ta'mirlash xizmatlari dengizda yoki barcha portlarda mavjud emas va sizning kemangizni uzoq masofalarga tortib olish juda qimmatga tushadi.

Yelkanli qayiq

Yelkanli qayiqda siz odatda tez harakat qilmaysiz, lekin yelkanli kemalar ko'pincha dengizda ham hayot uchun juda mos keladi. Sohil bo'yida sayr qilish bilan siz tez-tez ertalab jo'nab ketasiz va kechqurun manzilingizga etib borasiz, ba'zan esa tunash yo'llari bilan. Uzoq sayohatlarning aksariyati suzib yuradigan qayiqlar orqali amalga oshiriladi, chunki siz elektr energiyasidan tashqari yoqilg'i sarfidan xavotir olmaysiz.

Agar siz suzib ketmoqchi bo'lsangiz (ba'zilari deyarli hech qachon suzib yurmaydigan yelkanli qayiqlardan foydalanadi), sizga ba'zi bir oddiy ko'nikmalar kerak. Asoslarni o'rganish oson - siz boshqalar singari tez suzib yurmaysiz, motorni bog'lash uchun va qattiq kanallarda ishlatishingiz kerak bo'ladi, va siz yelkan bilan bo'ronni bosib o'tishni xohlamaysiz, lekin siz ko'proq ma'lumotga ega bo'lasiz. kundan kunga. Ba'zan mohir dengizchini taklif qiling, shunda siz ham barcha fokuslarni o'rganasiz.

Yelkanli qayiqning ochiq sayohati

Ochiq yelkanli qayiqda siz, ehtimol, dengizda uxlashni yoki ovqatlanishni xohlamaysiz, shuning uchun har kuni kechqurun, hatto yaxshi ob-havo sharoitida ham (va yomon ob-havo sharoitida siz qirg'oqda qolishni xohlashingiz mumkin) aravachani topishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Boshqa tomondan, siz deyarli har qanday joyga qo'nishingiz mumkin va (ko'plab ochiq qayiqlarda) osongina quruqlik transporti uchun treylerda qayiqqa o'tirasiz. Ochiq qayiqlarda uzoq sayohatlarga boradiganlar kam, ammo ular bor ekan, ko'l yoki arxipelagni kashf qilish yoqimli.

Motorli qayiqda sayohat

Hull tezyurar qayiqlari

Bilan ko'chirish yoki korpus tezligi motorli qayiq sizning tezligingiz va tezligingiz suzib yurganingiz bilan bir xil bo'ladi. Sizda balandlik va qoralama kamroq bo'ladi, biroz ishonchli jadvallar - va siz suzib yurmaysiz. Ba'zi motorli qayiqlar faqat boshpana suvlari uchun mo'ljallangan, ammo ba'zilari qirg'oq va dengizlarga ham mos keladi. Okeanlar uchun sizga etarlicha yoqilg'i tashiy oladigan juda katta qayiq kerak.

Yaqinda ishlab chiqilgan dizaynlar tez-tez suzib yuradigan qayiqlarga qaraganda ancha tezlikni taklif qiladi, dengizni saqlash qulay va yoqilg'i tejamkorligi an'anaviy ko'chish tezligidan ancha yomon emas. Ushbu dizaynlarning ba'zilari ko'p torli korpus sifatida uzun tor korpuslardan foydalanadilar.

Yelkanli qayiqlarni korpus tezligidagi "motorli qayiqlar" sifatida ishlatish odatiy holdir. Yaxshi o'lchamdagi zamonaviy suzib yuradigan qayiqlarning aksariyati avtoulov uchun etarli dvigatellarga ega va dengizda yashash uchun mos motorli qayiqlardan ko'ra ko'proq suzib yuradigan qayiqlarni tanlash mumkin. Yelkanlardan foydalanmang - lekin yoqimli shamollar uchun, dag'al dengizlarda barqarorlik va dvigatelning ishlamay qolishi uchun bir nechta suzib yurish (va ulardan foydalanishni o'rganish afzalroq) yomon fikr emas.

Qayiqlarni rejalashtirish

Bilan planirovka korpusi odatda manzilingizga tezroq etib borasiz. Odatda umumiy masofalar sekinroq qayiqlarga qaraganda uzoqroq bo'lmaydi, ammo siz tushdan keyin uzoq safarlarga borishingiz va bir kunlik manzillarda ko'proq vaqt sarflashingiz mumkin bo'ladi. Va sizga tezlikning o'zi yoqishi mumkin (lekin o'tayotganlarga e'tiborli bo'ling). Yoqilg'i iste'moli va assortimenti muammoga aylanadi.

Ba'zilar tezyurar qayiq xavfsizlik uchun foydalidir deb o'ylashadi: yomon ob-havo yaqinlashganda boshpana topa olasiz. Tezligingizni oshirib yubormang, ammo dag'al dengizlar tez rivojlanib, sekinlashishga majbur qiladi.

Kichkina reja tuzadigan qayiqlar ko'pincha yuk uchun juda sezgir, ayniqsa zaif dvigatel bilan. Eng yomon yuk va sharoitlarda mo'ljallangan ishlashga erishishingizni tekshiring.

Ko'plab qayiqchilar boshpana suvlari uchun mo'ljallangan, ba'zilari esa o'rtacha to'lqinlarda o'zini yaxshi tuta olmaydi. Dengizga yaroqli ko'rinadiganlarning ba'zilari hali ham zaif tomonlarga ega, masalan, juda kichik skupperlar, suv yuzasi yaqinidagi himoyalanmagan havo kirishi, zaif derazalar yoki lyuklar ishonchli yopilishi mumkin emas. Mumkin bo'lsa, sertifikatlarni tekshiring va keyingi o'zgarishlarga e'tibor bering.

Kayak va kanoeda sayohat

Shuningdek qarang: Dengizda baydarka, Kanoeda eshkak eshish, Oq suv sporti

Kayak va kanoeler deyarli hamma joyga borishi mumkin. Bir necha ming kilometrlik baydarka yoki kanoeda sayohatga chiqadigan odamlar bor. Avtoulovga minib, unchalik qiziq bo'lmagan yoki o'ta talabchan qismlardan o'tish oson. Cho'lda baydarka yoki kanoeda juda vahshiy yoki sayoz bo'lgan tezkor suv yo'llari yonidan va erning qisqa masofalariga olib o'tish mumkin. Kanadada va AQShda bu mo'yna savdosi davrida keng tarqalgan joylar mavjud; ularning nomlari ko'pincha "portage", frantsuzcha fe'ldan yuk tashuvchi (ko'tarish).

Bir nechta turlari mavjud. Dengiz baydarkalari Rapids uchun yaxshi emas oq suv dengizda sayohat qilish uchun emas, balki baydaklar; ba'zi baydaklar yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun maxsus tayyorlangan. Xavfsizlik to'g'risida bilish uchun har doim ham aniq bo'lmagan narsalar mavjud. Kanoeda eshkak eshish yoki baydarkadan yaxshi foydalanish juda ko'p tayyorgarlikni talab qiladi, ammo qisqa tanishtirilgandan so'ng unchalik talab qilinmaydigan sayohatlar qilish mumkin.

Belgilangan joylar

Dunyo sizning istiridyangiz. Hech bo'lmaganda sizning qayig'ingizni suzish uchun etarlicha suvga ega bo'lgan qismlar. Sayohat odatda bir joydan ikkinchi joyga suzib yurish yoki avtoulov bilan amalga oshiriladi, lekin ba'zi hollarda kemalar kema, avtomobil yoki temir yo'l transporti orqali tanlangan sayohat zonasiga etkaziladi, u erda ular ekipaj tomonidan kutib olinadi. Bu tog'lar va cho'llar kabi boshqa yaroqsiz erlar bo'ylab yoki masofadan yoki ma'lum bir kemaga yaroqsiz joylardan tranzitga imkon beradi. Ba'zi hollarda buklanadigan qayiqlar hatto samolyotda bagaj sifatida olib ketiladi, so'ngra belgilangan manzilda lagerga sayohat qilish uchun asos sifatida ishlatiladi. Ko'pincha maqsadga muvofiq kemani ijaraga olish mumkin, bu odatda o'zingizni uzoq masofalarga olib kelishdan ko'ra arzonroqdir.

Ba'zi hududlarda kichik qayiqlar mahalliy transport tizimining asosiy qismidir, ayniqsa ko'plab orollari bo'lgan hududlarda. Masalan, ular sayohat qilishning keng tarqalgan usuli Indoneziya, Filippinlar va orasida Tinch okeanining janubiy qismi orollar. Kabi boshqa sohalarda, masalan Yunon orollari, tijorat transportida katta paromlar ustunlik qiladi, ammo kichik hunarmandchilik ham mavjud. Kichik hunarmandchilik, shuningdek, shahar ichkarisida sayohat qilish vositasi bo'lishi mumkin, masalan, kanallarda Venetsiya. Uy qayiqlari kanallarida joylashgan Evropa va sayyohlar qolish uchun umumiy joy Srinagar.

Okean kruizlari

Keyp Hornni aylanib chiqayotgan yelkanli kema.

Agar siz okeanni kesib o'tmoqchi bo'lsangiz, lekin o'zingizning qayiqingiz bilan borishga etarlicha ishonmasangiz va do'stlaringiz bo'lmasa, Avtostopli qayiqlar variant: siz xususiy qayiqda ekipaj sifatida ishlashingiz mumkin. Ocean Cruising Club bor bursiy (stipendiya granti) yirik dengiz yo'li yoki okeanga o'tish uchun yaxtaga tushishni istagan yosh dengizchilar uchun xarajatlarni kamaytirishga yordam beradigan dastur. Shuningdek, Sail Training International kemalari va shunga o'xshash uyushmalar yoshlar uchun imkoniyatdir.

Atlantika okeanidan o'tadigan umumiy yo'l Ispaniya / Portugaliya / Gibraltar Madeyra, Kanareykalar, Kabo-Verdeva Atlantika bo'ylab to Karib dengizi (qarang Kolumbning sayohatlari). Qaytish safari ko'pincha Azor orollari.

Aylanib o'tish

Shuningdek qarang: Magellan-Elcano atrofida aylanish, Keyp marshruti

Har qanday vaqtda, dunyo bo'ylab kichik qayiqlarida aylanib yuradigan kreyserlar mavjud. Bir nechta potentsial yo'nalishlar mavjud. Ulardan biri Panama kanali orqali o'rta kengliklarda qolgan savdo shamol yo'nalishlarini kuzatib boradi. Boshqasi beshta Buyuk Kap (juda ko'p yoki an'anaviy qaychi marshrutizatoriga to'g'ri keladi) orqali o'ta ekstremal yo'lni bosib o'tadi. Shri-Lanka, Singapur, Yangi Zelandiya, Avstraliya va Tinch okeanining janubiy orollaridagi to'xtash joylari ob-havoning engil yoki prognoz qilinadigan boshqa qulay yo'nalishlari hisoblanadi.

Sohil bo'ylab sayohatlar

Shimoliy Amerika

Sharqiy sohilidagi kreyserlar Shimoliy Amerika odatda shimolga tashrif buyuring (masalan, Meyn, Nyufaundlend) issiq oylarda va janubga sayohat qiling Intrakoastal suv yo'li (ICW) ga qadar Bagama orollari qishda. Shimoliy Amerikaning Sharqiy qirg'og'idan ba'zi bir kreyserlar qishgacha janubga qarab sayohat qilishadi Karib dengizi va yozda shimolga qaytib, oldini olish uchun bo'ron mavsum. Boshqalari bo'ron kamaridan pastda janubga qarab harakat qilishadi.

Yangi Angliya Nyu-York va ayniqsa Long-Aylend Sound qirg'oqlarni orollardan chetlab o'tish uchun son-sanoqsiz manzillarga ega Massachusets shtati (Martaning uzumzori, Nantucket, Yelizaveta orollari) mashhur Newport va Blok oroli Rod-Aylendda va Bay ko'rfazida Long Island.

The Chesapeake Bay shuningdek, juda mashhur kruiz maydoni. Ayniqsa, gunkholing uchun foydalidir, kruizning bir turi, bu erda har kecha boshqa joyda langar turadi. Chesapeake, xususan Shimoliy qismi gunk tuynuklariga boy. Shuningdek, Cheseapeake ko'rfazi Intrakoastal suv yo'lining bir qismini tashkil etadi.

G'arbiy sohilda mashhur yo'nalish Fors ko'rfazini almashtirib turadi Kaliforniya va Meksika orollari bilan qishda Vashington va Britaniya Kolumbiyasi yozda. Bu mashhurlarni o'z ichiga oladi San-Xuan orollari va Puget ovozi Vashington shtatida va Janubiy Fors ko'rfazi orollari va Vankuver oroli yilda Britaniya Kolumbiyasi Shimoliy Amerikadagi qayiqchilar va ularning portlariga kelgan mehmonlarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan ko'plab jonli va tarixiy shaharlarga taqdim etiladigan eng ajoyib manzaralarni taqdim etish.

Evropa

Sohillari Irlandiya, Shotlandiya va Norvegiyayozgi kruiz uchun qiyin yo'nalishlar bo'lsada: odamlar do'stona va landshaftning go'zalligi uchun Irlandiya, maltalar va tog'lar uchun Shotlandiya, arxipelaglar va fyordlar uchun Norvegiya. Nederlandiya, Frantsiya va O'rta er dengizi Evropaning mashhur yozgi kruiz maydonlari.

Boltiq dengizi

Boltiq dengizida qayiqda yurish yozda yaxshi va ko'rishga arziydigan mehmon portlari va shaharlari mo'l-ko'l. Boltiqbo'yi ham xavfsiz manzil, yaxshi tashkil etilgan jamiyatlar, qisqa masofalar va suv oqimlari yo'q. The Arxipelag dengizi Boltiq bo'yi va Botniya ko'rfazi o'rtasidagi orollar va orollar soni bo'yicha dunyodagi eng katta arxipelag hisoblanadi, suvlari boshpana va qisqa masofalarga ega. Sohillari Norvegiya, Shvetsiya, Finlyandiya va Estoniya aks holda minglab chiroyli orollar va yaxshi belgilangan kanallar mavjud.

The Sayma arxipelag Finlyandiya14000 ta orol bilan, orqali o'tish mumkin Vyborg Boltiq dengizida.

Ko'llar, daryolar va boshqa ichki suv yo'llarida sayohat

Daryo bo'ylab sayohat Melaka, Malayziya.

Kanadaning Rideau kanali bo'lgani kabi mashhur kruiz hisoblanadi Eri kanali AQShda va Sent-Lourens daryosi qaysi ikki davlat o'rtasidagi chegara hisoblanadi Kornuol-Massena g'arbga. Shunday qilib Buyuk ko'llar uchalasi ham bog'langan.

G'arbiy Evropada O'rta dengizni Atlantika va Shimoliy dengiz bilan bog'laydigan keng kanal tizimi mavjud. Qoidalar CEVNI-da (vakolatning isboti sifatida ishlatiladigan Xalqaro malaka sertifikati bilan) muvofiqlashtirilgan. Ko'pgina marshrutlar sertifikatsiz va kam tajribaga ega bo'lishlari mumkin, boshqalarida sertifikat majburiydir.

Bizda bir nechta suv yo'llari uchun marshrut maqolalari mavjud Xitoy, uning qismlari bo'ylab sayohat qilish mumkin edi. Qarang Yangtsi daryosi bo'yida, Sariq daryo bo'yida va Katta kanal bo'ylab.

Shuningdek qarang Nil daryosidagi Felucca kruizi.

Boshlang

Boshqariladigan nizom

Ko'plab yaxtalik yo'nalishlarida siz yaxtani ekipaj bilan ijaraga olishingiz mumkin, demak, siz ilgari hech qanday ko'nikmalarga ega bo'lmagan yoki qayiqni boshqarish bilan bog'liq bilimlarga ega bo'lmagan kichik kemalar bilan sayohat qilish tajribasini olishingiz mumkin. Kiper, ehtimol, qo'llanma vazifasini ham bajaradi. Siz ko'proq sayyohlik kemalari uchun mos bo'lmagan ko'plab joylarga tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin.

Belgilangan joyga va byudjetga qarab, ekipaj ovqatlanish va hokazolarni o'z zimmasiga olishga tayyor bo'lishi mumkin. Sizga bemalol joylasha oladigan, kemani boshqaradigan, kemaning qo'li va oshpaziga ega bo'lgan qayiq juda katta, shuning uchun siz ko'pgina sohalarda faqat skipper bo'lishni afzal ko'rishingiz mumkin, unga tezda sizga qayiq bilan ishlash asoslarini o'rgating va kemaning qo'li vazifalarini bajaring. uy ishlarini o'zingiz qiling. Bundan tashqari, kema egasi mehmonlar va qayiqning xavfsizligi uchun kuniga 24 soat, ustav qancha davom etsa, shuncha kun javobgar bo'ladi. Kema kemachisi uchun ish vaqti maksimal sakkizta, dengizda, lekin bundan keyin u qayiqning xavfsizligi uchun mas'uldir, agar vaziyat zarur bo'lsa, uni butun tun davomida uyg'otishi mumkin.

Umumiy amaliyot shundan iboratki, shartnomani imzolagan shartnomani imzolaydi va keyinchalik egasi shartnomani tuzish uchun qarshi belgini imzolaydi. Imzolardan so'ng ijaraga beruvchi 3 ish kunida birinchi badalni o'tkazishi kerak, bu umumiy ustavning 50 foizini tashkil qiladi. Qolgan summa APA bilan birga (avansni ta'minlash uchun nafaqa) [ APA ta'rifi ] kemaga tushishdan 30 kun oldin keladi.

O'zingizning yaxtangiz

Yo'lboshchi sifatida skipper ko'pincha yoqimli, lekin siz o'zingiz ham borishni xohlashingiz mumkin. Buning uchun sizga juda ko'p mashq qilish kerak bo'lgan ko'nikmalar kerak.

Agar o'zingizning yaxtangizni xohlayman deb hisoblasangiz, uni ozgina qadamlar bilan sinab ko'ring. Ko'pchilik kruiz romantikasini o'ziga jalb qiladi, ammo ular haqiqatni yoqtirmasliklarini payqashadi.

Birinchidan, do'stlaringiz bilan bir necha qisqa sayohatlarga boring yoki suzib yurish bo'yicha mashg'ulotlarda qatnashing (agar suzib yurish yo'l deb o'ylasangiz) yoki umumiy qayiqda ishlash. Bu sizga asoslarni o'rgatadi va sizga yoqadimi yoki yo'qligini bilib olasiz.

Keyin, yelkanli kichik qayiq (6-11 fut) sotib oling. Muntazam ravishda suzib boring. Agar siz uzoqroqqa borishni xohlasangiz, siz haqiqiy kreyser bo'lishingiz mumkin. Bundan tashqari, siz minglab qayiqchilarning qiladigan ishi bo'lgan qisqa sayohatlarga qaror qilishingiz mumkin. Agar siz yelkanlarni yoqtirmasangiz, uning o'rniga motorli qayiqqa ega bo'ling.

Keyingi, yaxtada ekipaj, shunchaki o'yin-kulgi uchun. Mahalliy yaxta klublarida ko'pincha ekipaj izlayotgan qayiqlar mavjud. Bu sizga yaxshi oshpaz yoki yaxshi kompaniya bo'lsangiz yordam beradi. Ma'lumotlarni olishga harakat qiling va qayiqni ko'rib chiqing. Yomon texnik xizmat ko'rsatish yoki xavfsizlik muammolarini qidiring. Agar ko'rsangiz, keyin boshqa birov bilan boring. Qaytgan samolyot chiptasini, pasportini yoki favqulodda vaziyat uchun pulni boshqa ekipajga yoki kapitanga hech qachon bermang. O'zingizning GPS-ni olishni o'ylab ko'ring, shunda siz marshrutdan aytilmagan og'ishlarni aniqlay olasiz. Bu, albatta, uy yaqinidagi qisqa sayohatlarda kamroq muammo.

Agar siz hali ham uzoq sayohatlar haqida orzu qilsangiz, samoviy navigatsiyada dars bering. GPS ishlaydi, lekin ehtiyotkor navigatorlar kamar va osmaga yaqinlashish usulidan foydalanadilar: Ular uzluksiz ishlaydi o'lik hisoblash kompas va log deb nomlangan masofani o'lchash moslamasidan foydalangan holda kuzatib boring va uni tuzatish uchun qirg'oq joylari, GPS va samoviy navigatsiyadan foydalaning. Bo'ronli joylardan, shoallardan va boshqa xavf-xatarlardan saqlanish uchun ehtiyotkorlik bilan harakat qilish kerak. Agar ehtiyotkorlik bilan harakat qilmasangiz, oqimlar sizni ogohlantirishsiz olib ketishi mumkin.

Ovqatlanish yoqdimi? A sotib oling kichik qayiq, ehtimol 30 fut. Bu sizning qo'lingizdan keladigan darajada kichik va oilangizni yoki turmush o'rtog'ingizni dunyoning istalgan nuqtasiga olib boradigan darajada katta. Katta qayiqlar juda ko'p ishdir; ko'plab boy odamlar katta qayiq sotib olishadi va oxir-oqibat uni sotishadi va kichikroq olishadi, chunki ular ko'proq qiziqarli.

Panama kanali, Gibraltar va Singapur kabi ko'plab uzoq joylarda tashlab ketilgan yaxtalar arzonga sotilmoqda - g'iybatni tekshiring. Bu ko'p odamlar chindan ham kruizni yoqtirmasliklari va shunday deb o'ylashlari sababli sodir bo'ladi.

Bilan oilangizni suzib yurish bilan tanishtiring eng yoqimli kruizni tashkil qilishingiz mumkin! Rejalashtirishni baham ko'ring, shunda hamma sayohatga sotib olishi mumkin. Uy ishlarini adolatli tarzda, hammada baham ko'ring (kapitan navbat oladi!). Ularni bog'lab qo'ygandan so'ng, muhim odamingizni sinfga yuboring (munosabatlaringiz sizga minnatdor bo'ladi). Boshqalar sizning qayig'ingizni chiqarib tashlasin yolg'iz shuning uchun ular ham suzib yurishni yaxshi ko'rishlari mumkin. Barchaga qayiqning barcha qismlarini qanday boshqarishni o'rgating. Shunday qilib, ular kasal bo'lib qolsangiz ham ular aylanib yurishlari mumkin.

Bareboat charteri

Shuningdek, siz boradigan joyingizda qayiqda charter ham olishingiz mumkin. Qayiqni boshqarish uchun sizga etarlicha tajriba kerak, ammo oson suvlarda ba'zi maslahatlar va mulohazalar etarli bo'lishi mumkin.

Yahtani mahalliy sifatida charter qilish, tez-tez belgilangan joyga etib borishnikiga qaraganda ancha arzon va osonroq. Agar siz yiliga atigi bir necha hafta yoki dam olish kunlarida bo'lsangiz, bu sizning o'zingizning qayiqni saqlashdan ko'ra arzonroq bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, siz qimmatbaho narsalarni sotib olishdan oldin ularni sinab ko'rish uchun har xil turdagi qayiqlarni ijaraga olishni xohlashingiz mumkin.

Ko'pgina mamlakatlarda ma'lum hajmdagi qayiqni kimga charterlashi yoki boshqarishi mumkinligi to'g'risida qoidalar mavjud. Ko'rib chiqilayotgan suvlar uchun maxsus qoidalar ham bo'lishi mumkin, masalan. ma'lum bir kanal tizimi uchun. O'zingizning (chet ellik) yaxtani skiper qilish qoidalari charter (mahalliy) yaxtani boshqarish qoidalaridan farq qilishi mumkin. Chartering biznesi sizga mahalliy qoidalar haqida aytib berishga qodir bo'lishi kerak.

Qonun talablaridan tashqari, charter biznesidagi odamlarni o'zingizning malakangiz haqida ishontirishingiz va yo'lda yuzaga keladigan har qanday vaziyatni hal qilishingiz kerak. Birinchisi uchun malaka yoki tajribaga oid har qanday hujjatlar yordam berishi mumkin. Rasmiy ko'rinadigan hujjatlar rasmiy kuchga ega bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, qirg'oq qo'riqchilari va politsiyani ishontirishga yordam berishi mumkin. Ikkinchisi uchun siz chartering biznesiga halol bo'lishni xohlaysiz. Ko'pchilik, shuningdek, boshlang'ich yaxtalar bilan shug'ullanadi va ular qat'i nazar, qayiqqa qanday ishlov berishni ko'rsatadigan kamida kichik sayohat qilishni xohlashadi. Ba'zilar birinchi kun yoki shunga o'xshash kunlarda sizga qo'shilishni taklif qilishadi.

Qayiq sotib olayotgandek, uni kichik tutish foydali bo'lishi mumkin. Katta qayiqlarni boshqarish qiyinroq va to'qnashuv (marinada) yoki topraklama bo'lsa, kichikroq qayiq ko'pincha oddiyroq zararni anglatadi.

O'rganing

Qayiqni sotib olish va undan foydalanishni o'rganish juda mumkin bo'lsa-da, mustaqil ravishda sayohat qilishdan oldin rasmiy yoki norasmiy ravishda o'qitish tavsiya etiladi. Yatlar xaritasi agentligini sizning yaxtani zarar etkazmasdan qaytarib berishingizga ishontirish uchun dengiz radiosini boshqarish (bu boshqa kemalar, rasmiylar, port ustalari va ko'prik operatorlari bilan bog'lanish uchun qulay vosita va muhim xavfsizlik uskunalari) uchun rasmiy mashg'ulotlar talab qilinishi mumkin. va hatto ba'zi kanallarga kirish uchun. Ba'zi sertifikatlar boshqalarga qaraganda ko'proq joylarda tan olinadi.

Dunyo bo'ylab ko'plab kichik o'quv mashg'ulotlari mavjud, bu erda siz kichik hunarmandchilikda kruiz qilish uchun foydali va zarur bo'lgan ko'nikmalarni o'rganishingiz mumkin, ular dekhanddan okean navigatsiyasigacha. Yelkanli kemani boshqarish ko'nikmalarini o'rganish ko'pincha sayohat qilish uchun sababdir, chunki bu maktablar ko'pincha ta'til uchun qulay sharoitlarda joylashgan. Shunga o'xshash bir nechta taniqli tashkilotlarning onlayn suzib yurish kurslari mavjud NautiEd va Amerika yelkanli assotsiatsiyasi (ASA). Agar siz uyda nazariy qismni o'rganishni va keyin o'zingizni suvda mashq qilishni istasangiz, ushbu kurslar juda foydali.

Dengizda yaxshi ovqat pishirish qobiliyati ekipaj a'zosida, shuningdek, dadil dvigatellarni ishlashga jalb qilish qobiliyati va tunda uyg'onganida quvnoqlik, bo'ronda kemada kuzatib turish. Birinchi ikkitasini maktablarda yoki tajriba bilan o'rganish mumkin. Uchinchisi, sizda mavjud bo'lgan yoki yo'q narsadir, va har kuni o'zgarishi mumkin.

Vikibuoksda yaxtalar uchun bitta imtihon uchun qo'llanma mavjud Yaxta ofitseri imtihoni. Sertifikatlar ko'pincha ma'lum bir yurisdiktsiya va kemalar o'lchamlari doirasi bilan cheklanadi; bog'langan kitob, masalan, "Buyuk Britaniyada ro'yxatdan o'tgan barcha yaxtalar va suzib yurish mashqlari uchun 24 metr va undan yuqori masofada xizmat ko'rsatadigan pastki ofitserlar uchun imtihon uchun" 3 000 GT ". Albatta, mashg'ulotlar boshqa kemalarda ham foydalidir va sertifikat har qanday joyda yo'llanma olishga yordam berishi mumkin.

AQSh va Kanadada turli xil Power Squadron guruhlari qayiqchilar uchun mashg'ulotlar o'tkazadilar; bunday ta'limning yagona manbai bo'lmasa-da, ular eng kattasi.

Pul

Pul bir necha oydan ko'proq davom etgan kruizlar uchun birinchi raqamli muammo. Konservativ kreyserlar bir necha yillik tejashga ega va yiliga to'rtdan birida ishlashni rejalashtirmoqdalar. Ko'pchilik dunyoning ko'plab mamlakatlarida osonlikcha sotiladigan, masalan, hamshiralik ishi, shifokor yoki stomatolog, buxgalteriya hisobi, qayiqlarga xizmat ko'rsatuvchi usta, suzib yuruvchi, payvandchi yoki dizel mexanikasi kabi malakalarga ega yoki ega. Ba'zi kreyserlar vinolar, zargarlik buyumlari va boshqa narsalarni etkazib berish uchun ozgina pul ishlashadi, ammo ko'pchilik yirik tijorat firmalari bilan raqobatlasha olmaydi. Kontrabanda va boshqa noqonuniy daromadlar odamlarning qayiqlarini yo'qotishiga olib keladi. 2002 yilda juda arzon narxlardagi kreyserlar ikki kishini va 28 metrlik qayiqni oyiga 1000 AQSh dollarida ushlab turishlari mumkin edi. Ushbu stavka boshqa kreyserlar bilan partiyada bo'lganida, taxminan ikki baravar oshdi. Ushbu stavka kichikroq, sodda va dvigatelsiz hunarmandchilik uchun ikki baravarga qisqartiriladi, bu erda korpus, armatura, suzib yurish, elektronika va boshqalarni ta'mirlash xarajatlari keskin kamayadi. E'tibor bering, LOA ning 25% ga o'sishi xarajatlarni ikki baravar oshiradi.

Uskunalar va maslahatlar

Qisqa safarlarda ham qayiq va uning jihozlari eng yomon ob-havo sharoitida xavfsizlik talablarini bajarishini tekshirish juda muhimdir. Qutqaruv ko'ylagi to'g'ri o'lchamlarga egami? Yoqilg'i yetadimi? Chiroqlar ishlayaptimi va ko'rinadiganmi (tashqi dvigatel orqasida yashiringan orqa chiroq juda keng tarqalgan, shuningdek, katta qayiqlarda ham shunga o'xshash muammolar mavjud). Xavfsizlik uskunalari qayerda saqlanishini va undan qanday foydalanishni bilishingizni, har qanday jihoz va yuklarning doimo yaxshi tartibda saqlanishiga ishonch hosil qilishingiz kerak. Samolyotda hamma xavfsizlik qoidalarini bilishini va tushunishini tekshiring.

Uskunalar bo'yicha ikkita turli xil maktab mavjud:

1. Men mehnat ta'tilidaman. U erda menga har qanday tasalli ber. Men bunga qodirman, agar kerak bo'lsa, yaxshi mexanik topa olaman.
2. Men olishim mumkin bo'lgan eng oddiy qayiqni xohlayman, shuning uchun u ishlashni davom ettiradi (shuning uchun men borishim mumkin) va narxi arzonroq (shuning uchun uzoqroq qolishim mumkin).

Uzoq muddatli kruiz - bu dam olish emas, balki hayot tarzidir. Buni ta'til deb o'ylaydiganlar ko'pincha umidsizlikka tushishadi. Bir yoki ikki hafta dam olish uchun boradigan joyga tashrif buyurganingizda, siz kuzatuvchisiz. Siz biron bir joydan ikkinchisiga uchib ketasiz, siz uchun hamma narsani qildingiz va hech qachon mahalliy turmush tarzini to'g'ri anglamaysiz. Kreyser - langar tashlanishi bilanoq mahalliy jamoatchilik tarkibiga kiradigan uzoq muddatli sayohatchidir. Agar bu joy sizga yoqmasa bir-ikki kun, agar joy maqbul bo'lsa, bir-ikki hafta, agar u siz bilan gaplashsa, bir oy yoki undan uzoqroq turishingiz mumkin. Umuman olganda, agar uskunalar haqida gap ketganda, barchasi sizga bog'liq va juda oz miqdordagi ish mavjud. Shunday qilib, uni tuzatishga, almashtirishga yoki bajarilayotganda biror narsa ishlamay qolsa, uni bajarishga tayyor bo'ling. Odatda uzoq joylarda yoki ish paytida qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun santexniklar, elektrchilar yoki mexaniklar yo'q, shuning uchun narsalarni tuzatadigan kreyser bundan zavq olishi va muvaffaqiyatga erishishi mumkin.

Mana bor ikki nuqtai nazar o'rtasidagi kelishuvning ba'zi sohalari. Umuman olganda, qayiqni xavfsiz holatga keltirish juda muhim, shunda og'ir ob-havo yoki nosoz dvigatel falokat emas, balki qiziqarli sarguzashtlar bo'ladi. Qarang Xavfsiz bo'ling.

Ba'zi qulayliklar keng maqtovga sazovor:

• Ko'pgina kreyserlar mehnatni tejaydigan taktikalarni o'rnatadilar. Ba'zi sevimlilar - bu o'z-o'zidan etkazib beradigan langar, rif suzib yurishlariga yordam beradigan dangasaliklar, jibni pastga tushirish va o'z-o'zidan o'rnatiladigan spinnaker ustunlari. Armaturadagi spinnaker ustunlari - bu kruiz yelkanli kemasining klassik belgisidir. Ko'pgina kreyserlar bum darvozalarini xavfsizlik uchun muhim vositalar deb hisoblashadi.
• Ishonchli avtomatik boshqaruv tizimini oling. Ular qo'riqchi odamni tillerdan ozod qiladilar. Elektron tizimlar katta hajmdagi quvvatdan foydalanadi. Agar bu ularni dvigatelga qaram qilib qo'ysa, bu yomon. Shamol parda tizimlari yaxshi sozlangan, boshqarilishi oson bo'lgan qayiqqa muhtoj.
• Yengil havo uchun suzib yuradigan to'plamingiz bor. Ob-havo yaxshi bo'lgan ko'p joylarda shamol kuchi ko'p bo'lgan vaqt ko'p.
• Foydalanishni o'ylab ko'ring reifing har qanday vaziyat uchun suzib yurishdan ko'ra suzib yuradi. Yelkanlar to'plamining umumiy narxi nafaqat kamayadi, balki suzib yurishning o'zgarishi ham qulayroq - yelkan joyida qoladi.
• Gravitatsiyaviylar bilan ishlaydigan toza va sho'r suv muslukları qo'l nasoslariga qaraganda ancha ishonchli, qo'l nasoslari (ehtiyot qismlar bilan!) Dvigatelda ishlaydigan bosimli suv tizimiga qaraganda ancha ishonchli. Ba'zi odamlar qo'lda bosimli suv tizimlariga ega.
• Tuzli suv idishlarni va pastkilarni yuvadi, suvni tejaydi. Hindiston yong'og'i yog'i sovuni bilan dengiz suvida yuvinishingiz mumkin, agar keyin toza suv bilan shimgichni shimib olsangiz. Dengiz suvida yuvilgan kiyimlar xiralashgan va nam bo'lib tuyuladi.
• Kamida ikkita o'choqli pechka oling, uni yoqish oson. Ko'p odamlar suyultirilgan propanni yaxshi ko'radilar. Dvigateldan ishlaydigan elektr pechkalardan saqlaning.
• Hududingizda qonuniy bo'lgan eng oddiy hojatxona tizimini oling. Ehtiyot qismlarni olib boring har bir muhr va harakatlanuvchi qism uchun. Chiqish har qanday sho'r suv kirishining teskari tomonida va pastki qismida joylashganligiga ishonch hosil qiling.
• Qayiq akkumulyatorlarini quyosh batareyalari, shamol turbinalari yoki suv aylanadigan generatorlar bilan, shuningdek dvigatel o'rniga zaryad qilishni o'ylab ko'ring. Ular juda yoqimli. Ko'p odamlar motorli generatorni boshqacha sokin langarda boshqarishni qo'pollik deb bilishadi.
• Dvigatelni tark etishni o'ylab ko'ring. Ular minglab dollarga tushishadi va ko'pincha kruizning o'rtasida sinib, o'yin-kulgini buzishadi. Pervanel suzib yuradigan qayiqni sekinlashtiradi, (bu tom ma'noda tortish). Dvigatel va tirgak miliga korpus orqali uchta teshik qo'shiladi (kirish, chiqish va tirgak mil). Eshkak eshish vositasi 6 tonna, 30 metrlik yaxtani bandargoh atrofida 1,5 knot atrofida harakat qilishi mumkin, faqat engil kuch sarflaydi. Qal'aning qattiq qismi eshkakni ushlab turish uchun 40 daraja burchakli burg'ilash arqonlari bilan eshkakni ushlab turishdir.
• Agar sizda dvigatel bo'lishi kerak bo'lsa, uzoq o'qli dengiz kemasidan foydalanishni o'ylab ko'ring. Ularni taxtalarga qaraganda arzonroq ta'mirlash va almashtirish mumkin.
• Agar sizda dvigatel bo'lishi kerak bo'lsa, tirgak mil va rulni joylashtiring, shunda ikkinchisini olib tashlamasdan yoki dvigatelni demontaj qilmasdan olib tashlash va ta'mirlash mumkin.
• Narsalarni qo'ying, ayniqsa suzib yurish. Ular uzoqroq turishadi va agar bo'ron ko'tarilsa, sizning suzib yurishingiz allaqachon to'xtab qoladi.
• Metalldan tayyorlangan idishlar chiroyli va buzilmasligi mumkin. Vino uchun zanglamaydigan po'latdan yasalgan qadahlar yodga tushadi.
• Agar siz dvigatel bilan ishlaydigan langar vintzasini xohlasangiz, elektrni emas, balki gidravlikadan foydalaning. Batareya quvvati tugashi bilan ular ishdan chiqa olmaydi yoki ishlashni to'xtata olmaydi.
• Qo'l bilan ishlaydigan langar vintlari sekin, ammo xavfsizdir. Agar sizda yo'q bo'lsa, langar vintzasini zaxiralashi uchun qo'lda suzib yuradigan vintzali zanjirli dumaloq bilan joylashtirishni unutmang.
• Bronza va zanglamaydigan vintlardek alyuminiy vintlarga qaraganda korroziya bilan bog'liq muammolar kamroq ko'rinadi.

Hashamatli yaxtaning jihozlari haqida kulgili (lekin haqiqat!) Fikrlash usullaridan biri muzqaymoq ishlab chiqaruvchisidan boshlash va unga ishlash uchun unga bog'liq bo'lgan narsalarni ishlab chiqishdir.

Bu erda minimalistlar chetlab o'tadigan ba'zi bir katta qulayliklar; savdo-sotiq suvga qanday qarashlariga qarab beriladi. Agar kelishuv bo'lsa, bu haddan tashqari narsadan keyin:

• Konditsioner: hatto ko'pgina motorli kemalar bunga qodir emas. Kruiz kemalari yukni minimallashtirish uchun oq rangga bo'yalgan va suzuvchi generator zavodlari sifatida qurilgan: Ular aslida o'zlarining harakatlanishlarini konditsioner zanjiridan kichik yuk sifatida ishlatadilar. Yelkanli yaxtalar Albin Vega yagona ommaviy ishlab chiqarilgan model) havoda dengizdan sovutilgan korpusdan o'tib, ortiqcha namlikni quyqalarga, idishni old qismiga sovutadigan va quyultiradigan kokpitdan aylantiradi. Vega-da havo aylanishi ichi bo'sh ustun ustidagi quyosh isishi va orqa idishni yuqori qismida shamol bilan ishlaydigan shamollatish vositasi tomonidan boshqariladi. Ko'pgina yozgi joylarda Vegas tashqaridan 5 daraja sovuqroq deyiladi. Hammalari old soyabonlarni va old tomondan lyuk ustiga matolardan yasalgan shamollarni o'rnatadilar.
• Kattaroq qayiq: barcha narsalaringiz uchun joy beradi va siz katta ziyofatlar qilishingiz mumkin! Qayiqning narxi va unga texnik xizmat ko'rsatish xarajatlari, suv sathining uzunligidagi kub sifatida ko'tariladi (bu uzunlik emas, balki hajm). 35 metrdan ko'proq narsani olishdan oldin chindan ham qattiq o'ylab ko'ring. Afsuski, siz xohlagan joyga borishni istagan ekipajni qanday qilib olasiz? Ba'zi odamlar yakkaxon suzib yurish uchun qulay, boshqalari ko'plab ekipajni afzal ko'rishadi. Sizning afzalligingiz qaysi ekanligini bilish suv transportini tanlash bo'yicha qarorlarni qabul qilishda yordam beradi. Shuningdek, AQShda ko'plab marinalar oyiga oyiga 50 dollar to'laydilar. Qanday qilib langar tutishni o'rganish ushbu marinadagi narxlardan qochish orqali juda ko'p pulni tejashga imkon beradi.
• Dvigatel: yakshanba kuni kechqurun uyga borishingiz kerak bo'lganda haqiqiy qulaylik. Haqiqiy xavfsizlik uskunalari, ayniqsa, siz dizel (qisqa tutashuv tizimisiz, litri uchun ko'proq km) olsangiz, elektrga ulanmasdan (ishga tushirish mumkin emas) va dvigatel bilan ishlaydigan bailer (ko'proq xavfsizlik uskunalari). Haqiqatan ham qimmat, minimal qiymati 5000 dollar bo'lgan pervanel kema tezligidan ikkita tugunni oladi va ehtiyot qismlar omboridan 8000 mil uzoqlikda buzilganda dahshatli darajada noqulay. Bunday tajriba tufayli ko'plab sayohatlar buziladi. A marine outboard with a generator gives most of the safety and convenience and can be unshipped for repairs, or replaced. Keep it locked.
• A hot shower: a real hot shower requires a waterworks powered from the engine (US$5000), with water-maker ($2300 in 2002), water storage tank ($200), pressurisation pump & tank ($400), water heater ($300), assorted plumbing- ($1000), ($9500 total), for a small system. A dripping faucet burns quite a bit of diesel fuel. However, even minimalists miss hot showers, and rig inadequate solar-powered showers, smugly mentioning the thousands of dollars they saved. For those who cannot commit, there are little sit-down showers with hand-pressurized tanks that can be filled from a kettle or a solar water heater. These have been home made (with bicycle pumps). Everyone carries a kettle, washbasin and pitcher (people need to wash Ko'proq when the engine breaks).
• A watermaker: envied by minimalists... who carry multiple-hundred gallon freshwater tanks where your boat has an engine (they call it "freshwater ballast"). Progressives top off tanks with a small watermaker run from a solar panel or wind turbine. Everyone should have a canvas "rain catcher" trough to rig under the mainsail. Always have at least two sources of water for a cruise (lots of plastic bottles, if nothing else).
• A refrigerator: iced beer is an amazing luxury in the tropics. Minimalists grit their teeth and smile thinking grimly of the extra half year they will be able to stay on vacation with the money they saved by emas having a refrigerator. Everybody has an icebox, but ice, if it exists in the local economy at all, is probably only available at the fishing boat service pier. The Eastern Mediterranean, Mexico, South America, and Indian Ocean rarely have bulk ice available at any price. In the U.S. fill the box with dry ice and you can have colder stuff longer.
• Washer and dryer for clothes: the water-works problem, plus a washer and dryer problem. You're clean, and the minimalist is negotiating with a local washerwoman. This is a toss-up. Laundry is a wonderful excuse to meet and mildly enrich locals. Many people have had success with large sealed buckets towed in the wake, or rocked on the stern. In good weather it's easy to rig clotheslines.
• A dishwasher: the water-works problem, but you're watching a video instead of doing dishes. Everybody hates doing the dishes. Minimalists lose crew if the rotation is unfair. There's just got to be some trick with dishes in towed buckets of soapy water.
• A barbecue: there are little stainless-steel gas barbecues that clamp to a lifeline stanchion. In the tropics you can cook outside, which is much cooler. If you like the idea, the only downside is the rather large amount of fuel they use.
• A stereo/video system: the minimalist is in town dancing the lambada with the locals – what are you thinking? A little 12v boom-box eases life for music addicts. With nubile crew in bikinis, this can inspire heartening amounts of envy in locals.
• Radar and imaging sonar: genuine, though expensive safety equipment, when it works. Try to minimize through-hull connections, connectors, wires and moving parts. Some masters actually put a packing gland around the connectors and fill it with silicone grease, which is not extreme after you've replaced corroded connectors twice.
• A SSB marine radio, or amateur radio rig: very handy when you get tired of talking to your crewmates. There are insulators and antenna tuners to use standing rigging as the antenna. You have to have a license. Some radio-amateur stations can send e-mail, but this requires additional equipment and is limited to short, non-commercial, unencrypted messages. Qarang Maritime mobile amateur radio. The safety advantage is minimal now that EPIRBs exist. The minimalist loves his wife, plans short passages, talks to the locals and carries a short rack of great books...
• Satellite phones (most often Inmarsat or Iridium): the phones cost from YS$1000 (hand-held Iridium) to $20,000 (Gyrostabilized permanently mounted Inmarsat). The calls cost $3/minute. The minimalist will wait seven hours for an overseas phone call to go through from Bora-Bora. If you need this, cruising might be a drag for you – why not charter a few adventures before you buy a boat? For $30/month, Orbcomm e-mail delivers messages a few times per day from satellites in low earth orbit. A hand-held e-mail terminal for Orbcomm is about $1000.

Qil

• Cruising the world's oceans
• Visiting remote destinations
• Coastal cruising
• Sailboat racing
• Boat angling
• Dinghy sailing
• Exploring by dinghy
• Sailboarding and kiteboarding
• Kayaking and canoeing
• Day trips ashore on foot, bicycle, or other conveyance
• Akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish, snuba, spearfishing and snorkelling

Eat and drink

Shuningdek qarang: Camping food

The cooking facilities on a yacht are somewhat limited, although usually better than in most outdoor cooking.

On long expeditions, a selection of durable food is vital, especially as few yachts have refrigerators (see above). It is often possible to get some fresh food by fishing. Take care to get also vitamin C and the like, which is low in most packed food.

Ichimlik suvi is a special problem. Some can be got from rain and dew, and some vessels have watermakers. Quite some water need to be carried in any case, as the watermaker can fail when there is no rain. Keeping the water healthy for extended periods is non-trivial. Chloride treated water from municipal systems keep better than good spring water needing no treatment, but look out not to fill all your tanks with possibly infected water from dubious sources. Getting rid of bacteria or amoebas at sea is hard.

Uyqu

There are two common ways in which boaters sleep. Either the boat is big enough to have bunks, or at least somewhere to lie down, or you have a tent and spend the nights ashore. Ocean cruisers will sleep on the way, while others with a vessel of at least moderate size can choose whether some continue sailing while the others are sleeping or whether the voyage is paused for the night.

Most yachts come with sleeping bunks, a campstove-equipped galley and primitive toilet facilities on-board. Thus you can choose to just pitch your anchor in a suitable place for the night or continue sailing. On coastal or river cruises such suitable places are not everywhere. One usual choice is to moor at a marina, which in addition to the berth may offer amenities such as fresh water, shore power hookups, Wi-Fi, showers and washing machines, often with shops and restaurants nearby.

If you want to sleep in your tent, you should check local legislation for camping in the wild. Camping sites are seldom where you want to have your boat.

Borders

Qachon entering a new country you are usually obliged to follow a customs' route to a port with a customs office (in some regions the office may have its own harbour earlier by the fairway). Before clearing with customs and immigration, you are usually not allowed to land anywhere or doing anything else that might be seen as potentially circumvent the checks. Check formalities. You might be required to fly a signal flag to show you are in the process of contacting customs, or contact them by phone or marine radio to announce your arrival. A list of crew and passengers is usually needed, possibly in several copies.

Ish

There are many opportunities for travel as a paid or unpaid crew member on a cruising boat. These range from skipper down to deck hand, depending on the skills, qualifications and experience of the member of crew.

Work at destinations doing maintenance and repair work on other cruising boats frequently gets by under the radar of the local work permit requirements, providing the vessels worked on are foreign registry.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Avoid falling overboard, as it is often fatal if you are not picked up – and picking somebody up in rough seas is a non-trivial feat. A safety harness should be worn when there is a high risk, and a life-jacket can keep you afloat for long enough for the boat to pick you up if they know you have gone. Even in sheltered waters the shore may be too far away for swimming, especially if the water is cool (often below 15°C in temperate climates even in summer).

Depending on your destinations and activities, see also diving safety, sun protection va sovuq havo. Under Arctic conditions, someone who falls in and is not wearing an insulating suit will be able to help in the rescuing for only a few minutes.

• Major storms are less than 1% of the time that cruisers spend on the water, but still be prepared.
• Plan routes to avoid heavy weather. The British admiralty has pilot charts designed to help sailors plan. Jimmy Cornell's World Cruising Routes is an excellent resource for planning passages.
• Choose a strong boat, and have it surveyed by an expert whom you tell what voyages you plan doing. Both monohulls and multihulls are available that are safe and comfortable. Which you choose is largely dependent on your personal preferences.
• Inspect your boat before each sea-passage. A formal checklist makes it very fast. If nothing else, check for leaks, running rigging, standing rigging, lifelines and safety equipment, anchor and rodes, the engine, and navigation equipment. Check the rigging for cracks in metal, corrosion and chafing. If it's doubtful, don't go.
• Keep a watch in ocean passages. Almost all trouble is visible before it becomes serious.
• Make sure you can navigate, run lights and communicate without engine power – i.e. have battery powered GPS and celestial navigation as a back-up.
• Have an anchor ready to go at all times. If you can hear or see surf, and you should be in mid-ocean, set the anchor! Then figure out where you are! Anchors can prevent most groundings if it can be set quickly.
• Anchor well. More yachts are lost when the anchor drags than to any other single cause. Use lots of scope (extra rode; five times depth is good, although three is theoretically enough). Test the hold before you trust an anchorage. Use a "fully tested" chain rode on your main anchor. Nothing cuts chain. Many cruisers swear by a CQR anchor, but newer designs have been shown to be far more efficient. Set an anchor light while anchored. Set an anchor watch during storms, at least one full tide cycle in a new anchorage, and whenever it's easy to be in the cockpit – if you drag even a little, panic and set another anchor!
• Prevent man-overboard: Have a toe-rail, non-skid decking, perimeter life-lines, and run interior lifelines from the boom gallows up to the bow at about chest-height. Make sure everyone has harnesses to clip to the lifelines for heavy weather. A low bulwark, 8 to 12 inches, is immensely helpful because it provides footholds, and keeps gear from slithering overboard. Some persons mount the life-line stanchions on the bulwark (which lets them use u-bolts and pipe!) and use a larks-head around the bulwark as an adjustable jib track.
• Have man-overboard equipment, and practice with it.
• Consider rudder steps or a stern ladder so a person (like you!) can reboard.
• Learn to heave-to, and heave-to when you first think of it. Carry a parachute sea-anchor, which permits one to heave-to in any amount of wind to survive storms. Basically, put the bow 50 degrees off the wind, let the wind push the boat slowly backwards, and don't sail out of the "slick" your drag vortices make on the water. The sea-anchor prevents sailing out of the slick in very high winds, which would otherwise force a bare-poled boat to sail. The slick calms waves. Really. Most boats lost in storms attempt to "run with the storm" or "lie abeam." Heaving-to bu a safer way. See the book "Storm Tactics" by Larry & Lin Pardey.
• Get good safety and salvage equipment. U.S. Coast guard requirements are minimums. Practice a man-overboard drill with a dummy that weighs like your heaviest crew. Include an EPIRB (emergency position-indicating rescue beacon), which will get you out of many types of trouble. If you possibly can, don't trigger it until the weather clears and an aircraft could reach you. The salvage equipment is stuff to make emergency repairs: good bailers, plywood covers for broken port-lights, softwood cones to block pipes spewing seawater (tie them to seacocks), a spare spinnaker pole to jury-rig a mast, plastic tarps or CO2 bags to cover hull breaches, etc.
• If things look really bad, stay with the boat until it sinks. Prepare to abandon ship if you get worried, but don't actually abandon ship until the boat sinks. Often a boat is located, empty, by rescue personnel, and the crew in their much smaller, less-visible little life raft are never found. A good saying here is that you should always step up into the liferaft as the boat sinks beneath your feet.
• Consider a sailing lifeboat instead of a stationary life-raft.
• Practice sailing and anchor-warping manoeuvres for docking, which don't need an engine, and are salty-skills fun anyway.
• Have at least a hand-held VHF marine radio. This lets one talk to authorities (like bridgemasters and lock managers) and other marine vessels (like the ship bearing on you). If you have a fixed-mount radio, have a spare aerial (so that you can call for help with the primary gone with the mast).
• Use multiple methods of navigation: a GPS or two, a plastic sextant, a copy of the Nautical Almanac, sight reduction tables, a rated watch (for celestial navigation), and a short-wave radio (backs up the watch from time broadcasts and gives weather reports).
• Minimize through-hull openings, e.g. share the salt-water tap with the motor inlet, and consider sharing the toilet and engine outlets. Use windowed junction box that lets one look out at the ocean through the sea-cock (one can see blockages!) Run the depth sounder over the side or transom.
• Assure that every through-hull opening has a sea-cock. Close them when the boat is unattended. Assure that toilets, engines, propeller shafts and sinks won't siphon water inboard. If your boat needs a bailer to keep afloat, it's broken!
• Have the biggest radar reflector that will fit your boat.
• Have more than one large fresh water tank. In some areas, they limit how long you can stay out, and how safe you are. Engine-powered watermakers should not be essential to return safely.
• Consider using oil navigation lights. Most sailboats with electric lights don't run the engine enough to keep the battery charged enough to keep the running lights lit. This is unsafe. Oil lamps aren't bad, especially if the boat has an oil tap (from a gravity tank) to fill them.
• If you have an engine, prefer a diesel (economical, safe fuel, with no spark to short) with a hand-start option (i.e. it can be started wet with the battery run down – standard on workboats).
• If you have an engine, include an engine-driven mechanical (not electric) bailing pump. This is one of the most powerful arguments in favour of an engine, because a mechanical bailer can save a boat. In a pinch, an engine's cooling inlet can be rigged with a screen and serve as a bailer- just don't let it run dry!
• Tiller-steered external rudders are hokey-looking, but easy to repair, have no cables to break, and cost thousands less than wheel steering. The rudder should be cabled.
• Many long-term cruisers dislike roller-furled sails. They claim that the furler tends to jam exactly when it is most needed, in high winds. Furler companies claim that their new designs solve these problems. Roller furling is substantially more expensive than reefed sails.
• Guns and drugs are far more hazardous to you than to anyone else. If you declare them, friendly customs officials can become very unpleasant. If you do not declare them, your boat can be confiscated.

Sog'lom bo'ling

The most common health problem encountered by travellers cruising on small craft is seasickness. Seasickness might render part of the crew unable to work (but having work to do outside the cabin reduces risk of seasickness).

Keeping water and food healthy is an issue in warm weather even on quite high latitudes (refrigerators use lots of power).

For some destinations, Tropical diseases are also an issue.

Ulanmoq

Near the coast you usually have access to the mobile phone networks (GSM, CDMA, etc.) and thereby Internet access of varying quality. When you visit towns you have access to the usual services, including phone, mail and internet. You can use marine VHF radio for connections to vessels, harbours and marine authorities.

When you leave the coast, you often leave those means of connection. Mobile phones are generally limited to 19 nautical miles (35 km) from the base station, possibly extended in some areas. Goodbye most Internet connectivity. Marine VHF coast station connectivity extends to some 30–40 nautical miles (55–75 km) and offers emergency services, weather forecasts and the like, and in some countries connections to the telephone network. MF radio coast station services cover most seas and coastal waters of the oceans and HF also the oceans. At least for oceans satellite telephones are worth considering.

Snail mail

Mail is often received this way: Have all your mail sent to one address. Have all the junk mail removed, and have your mail-receiver send the rest in one package to a yacht club on one's itinerary. Yacht clubs are better than post offices because they know that cruisers can be delayed, and do not return the mail after 30 days. The single-package assures that you receive all of your mail, or none of it.

"Roaming"

Shuningdek qarang: Pul

Credit and debit cards, as well as mobile telephones, are often supplied with various 'roaming' restrictions in place by default for security reasons. If you contact your card and service providers before you leave and tell them about your travel plans, these restrictions can be lifted (or tailored to your needs). Your cards will then work as normal in shops, chandleries, cafés, etc., as well as providing local currency from the 'hole-in-the-wall' ATMs in any town. A balance-clearing regular payment arrangement with your bank can ensure that your credit card is always paid before it incurs interest charges.

Mobile phones

Shuningdek qarang: Mobile telephones

There are three or four technical mobile phone standards around the world. If your handset can cope with the local frequencies and standards, then with the provider's restrictions lifted, it will work too, albeit a bit expensively, when in port or near the coast abroad. If you stay in a country for some time, buying a local prepaid SIM card can be a cheaper option.

Check maximum fees: roaming data fees are often unacceptable and even calling fees may be so if the phone picks a station on international waters or otherwise outside the normal destinations. SMS is often cheaper than calls. You may have to disable automatic network selection, update services and other features connecting behind the scenes. Talk with your provider, but also read the fine print.

Options for telephony

Shuningdek qarang: Telephone service, Internet telephony

Although your mobile phone probably is your prime telephony option, there are others. You may be able to place calls through the coast radio stations (not all have this service), there are still pay phones available in many ports and if you get Internet connectivity you can use "voice-over-Internet" applications.

Any device with the ability to install software, a speaker, a microphone and a decent Internet connection can be turned into a telephone, making calls over the Internet. As long as you have acceptable Internet fees (as when paying per day or month instead of per byte or per minute) this is probably the cheapest option. You need the software for the device (typically a smartphone, tablet or laptop), a service provider (to be able to reach and be reached from the telephony network) and a headset (or similar, which may be already available in your device).

Internet and e-mail

Shuningdek qarang: Internet access

Internet access, for e-mails and maybe for browsing your favourite weather-forecast web sites, is often most economical from local Internet cafés, and these are easily found in almost every port. Some ports offer wireless internet included in the fee or as an option.

At sea, the mobile phone network is usable for internet access near the coast of many countries, but otherwise a satellite phone or other special equipment is needed. The marine radio frequencies offer much of the necessary service, but not general internet access.

Mobile phones (at least GSM) offer internet access via the mobile phone network, for the phone itself and usually also for using the phone as a modem. The bitrate may be high in or near towns, but is often comparable to a traditional modem (14 kbps) otherwise. Instead of using your phone, you can buy an equivalent separate mobile broadband modem ("USB dongle"/"connect card") for your computer. You can get them for free with some mobile broadband contracts, if so they may have to be unlocked for general use. Unless you get a SIM card with the modem, you have to get one separately – and changing to a local provider will mean getting a new SIM card regardless.

"Roaming" data fees are often ludicrously expensive, so check options by your provider. At least when staying for some time in one country, getting a local connection (prepaid or otherwise, available also for single days) is usually cheaper. EU is trying to become one country in this regard, but check the available deals.

For mostly text mode or batch communications you can also dial a traditional modem at your workplace, at your university or at a separate provider (or even at home). To avoid long-distance calls you can sign up with a provider with dial-up numbers for most or all of the countries you plan to visit. Just remember to reconfigure your dial-up settings as you move on. The speed is usually 14 kbps with a mobile phone, 14–56 kbps with a land line, but in KB/dollar it may compete with 3G access. The technical user may want to use a shell account (with text mode browser and e-mail client) or special filters to reduce unnecessary transfers.

Sailmail is a non-profit email service for yachtsmen operating via their network of SSB-Pactor radio stations or any Internet connection you have. They have a custom email transfer protocol, designed to be used on high-latency low-bandwidth connections, and associated Windows client software. Mail sent to Sailmail addresses will be filtered and compressed before download (the radio links allow about 60–2700 kB/week, enough for text email updates to family and for the boat's need). Using the Pactor service requires a suitable modem and marine radio license. US$250 yearly membership fee.

O'qing

There are hundreds of books on the subject, and large numbers of websites and internet discussion groups dedicated to every aspect of small craft cruising.

Books

• Elbert Maloney, "Dutton's Navigation and Piloting"- a classic, professional reference, continuously updated.
• Nathaniel Bowditch, "The American Practical Navigator"- A classic, prefessional reference, continuously updated.
• U.S. Naval Institute, "The Bluejackets' Manual"- the navy way; the authority on Morse, flags, courtesies, fire-fighting at sea, jury-rigging, ship handling and basic sea law.
• Lawrence and Lin Pardey, "Storm Tactics"- A must-read book.
• Linda & Steve Dashew, "Offshore Cruisers' Encyclopedia"- expensive but so useful it has been compared to Bowditch and Dutton. Easy to read.
• Eric Hiscock, "Cruising Under Sail"- just the facts, a classic.
• Lawrence and Lin Pardey, "The Self-Sufficient Sailor"- The Pardey's message is wonderfully encouraging: Go simply, go cheaply and in a small boat, but go.
• Lawrence & Lin Pardey, "Cost Conscious Cruiser"- more hints and tricks
• Michael Carr, "Weather Prediction Simplified"
• Steve and Linda Dashew, "Mariner's Weather Handbook"
• Mary Blewitt, "Celestial Navigation for Yachtsmen"- just the facts.
• Merle Turner, "Celestial Navigation for the Cruising Navigator"- some theory.
• van der Veeken, Suzanne, "Ocean Nomad - The Complete Atlantic Sailing Crew Guide | How to Catch a Ride & Contribute to a Healthier Ocean." Crew safety and preparation tips for offshore sailboat travel.
• William F. Buckley Jr., "Atlantic High"- an amazingly well-written account of an Atlantic passage. Not a shred of politics.
• William F. Buckley Jr., "Racing Through Paradise"- etc. about a Pacific passage.