The Boltiq dengizi ko'p jihatdan yaxshi kichik hunarmandchilikda sayohat qilish. Ko'rishga arziydigan ko'plab shaharlar, ko'plab mehmon portlari - va minglab va minglab orollar va orollar joylashgan katta arxipelaglar mavjud. Boltiqbo'yi ham xavfsiz manzil, yaxshi tashkil etilgan jamiyatlar, qisqa masofalar, tayfun va to'lqinlar yo'q. Shimolda Finlyandiya va Shvetsiyada qirg'oqdan tashqari yirik ichki arxipelaglar mavjud.
Arxipelaglar va ko'llarda sizga yaxta kerak emas. Garchi qirg'oqdagi arxipelaglar va eng katta ko'llar haqiqatan ham har qanday yaxta, kichikroq qayiqlar yoki hatto baydarka boshqa tajriba taklif eting.
Mamlakatlar va hududlar
Boltiq dengizi mamlakatlari, Daniya bo'g'ozlaridan soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha (mamlakat bo'limlariga havolalar):
- Daniya Boltiq dengiziga eng odatiy kirish yo'li bo'lgan Daniya bo'g'ozlariga ega. Daniya arxipelagi - bu o'z-o'zidan munosib qayiq joyidir
- Shvetsiya ajoyib qirg'oq arxipelaglari, bir necha yirik qirg'oq orollari va shuningdek, kanallar orqali o'tish mumkin bo'lgan uchta katta ko'l mavjud.
- Finlyandiya avtonom demilitarizatsiya qilingan Allandiya arxipelag va Arxipelag dengizi taniqli go'zallik va murakkablik. Ming ko'llar mamlakati, shuningdek, qayiqda sayohat qilish uchun murakkab yo'nalishlarni taklif etadi Sayma ko'llar tizimi.
- RossiyaAsosiy diqqatga sazovor joy Sankt-Peterburg, 1703 yil Rossiya imperiyasining poytaxti sifatida qurilgan. Neva orqali siz Rossiyaning ichki suv yo'llariga borishingiz mumkin. Kichkintoy ham bor Kaliningrad viloyati Polsha va Litva o'rtasidagi eksklav.
- Estoniya katta orollar va qumli qirg'oqlarga ega bo'lgan Shvetsiya va Finlyandiya arxipelaglaridan tashqi qiyofasi juda boshqacha.
- Latviya
- Litva
- Polsha
- Germaniya Kiel kanali orqali boshqa kirish joyini taklif qiladi. Uning Boltiq bo'yi mashhur sayyohlik joyidir.
Tushuning
Boltiq dengizi Daniya bo'g'ozlari (Kichik Belt, Buyuk Belt va Oresund) orqali Atlantika bilan bog'langan. Ular chuqur emas, shuning uchun Boltiqbo'yi sho'r suvni asosan bir necha yilda to'g'ri sharoitlarda bo'ronlar bilan oladi, toza suv esa katta drenaj havzasidan oladi; Boltiqbo'yi suvi sho'r, er usti suvlarida bir foizdan kam tuz bor.
Qish mavsumida Boltiqning shimoliy qismlari, janubdagi ko'plab koylar singari dengiz muzlari bilan qoplanadi. Ba'zi qishlarda dengizning katta qismini muz qoplaydi. Yaxtalash mavsumi asosan maydan sentyabrgacha. Yozda harorat odatda 15-25 ° S gacha. Suv iyulda ham salqin, ayniqsa qirg'oqdan bir oz masofada.
Boltiq bo'yida hech qanday to'lqin yo'q. Suv sathi shamol va havo bosimiga qarab o'zgarib turadi, bir metrdan ortiqroq burilishlar g'ayrioddiy. Kuchli bo'ronlar ham kamdan-kam uchraydi, ayniqsa bahor va yoz oylarida emas. Shamollar asosan engil va o'rtacha darajada, turli yo'nalishlarda g'arbiy yoki janubi-g'arbiy shamollar bilan tez-tez uchraydi. Dengizlar kamdan-kam baland, chunki ular ko'pi bilan bir yoki ikki kun davomida rivojlanib boradi va shish tez orada yo'q bo'lib ketadi. Ammo qo'pol ob-havo sharoitida dengizlar juda keskin; galesga jiddiy qarash kerak. 7 m balandlikdagi to'lqinning balandligi har bir necha yilda bir marta asosiy havzaning ayrim qismida uchraydi, bunda alohida dengizlar masalan, Finlyandiya va Botniya ko'rfazlari.
Ayniqsa, Finlyandiya va Shvetsiyada qayiqda yurish milliy o'yin-kulgidir. Ushbu mamlakatlarda har etti yoki sakkiz kishiga bir qayiq bor. Bu Norvegiya va Yangi Zelandiya bilan mos keladi, ammo aks holda juda noyob (masalan, Gollandiyada bu ko'rsatkich qirqdan qirqgacha).
Tarix
- Shuningdek qarang: Nordic tarixi
Boltiq dengizi - bu yosh dengiz. So'nggi 10 ming yil ichida u toza suv ko'lidan sho'r suvga yoki sho'r dengizga aylandi. Muzlik davrining ta'sirini ko'plab joylarda ko'rish mumkin. Muzlikdan keyingi tiklanish (qarang Nordic mamlakatlar # Tushuning) hali ham shimoliy hududlarda, xususan, Butniya ko'rfazidagi Kvarken hududida, Butunjahon merosi ro'yxatida sezilarli.
In Viking yoshi, Skandinaviya dengizchilari O'rta er dengizi va Kaspiy dengizigacha (Atlantika okeanining sayohatlaridan tashqari) Boltiq bo'yi va Rossiya daryolari bo'ylab suzib ketishdi.
O'rta asrlarda nemis Gans Ligasi Boltiqbo'yi savdolarida hukmronlik qildi; bugungi kunda ko'plab muhim portlar liga a'zolari edi.
17-asrning oxirida qirg'oqlarning aksariyati Shvetsiyaga tegishli bo'lgan yoki ular tomonidan nazorat qilingan.
XIX asr oxirida ko'pgina savdo-sotiqlarda bug 'suzib o'tishni almashtirganda, Boltiq dengizi tomonidan bir necha mamlakatlarda suzib yurish davom etmoqda. Germaniyada maktab maktablarini olib yuradigan yuklar bor edi, masalan Gertsogin Cecilie Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen va Passat Uchib ketuvchi P-liniyasi (hozirda Travemünde). Ollandiyalik Gustaf Erikson 1940 yillarga qadar katta suzib yuruvchi kemalar parkini saqlab qolgan so'nggi yirik suzib yuruvchi kema egasi edi (Pommern ichida ko'rish mumkin Marixamn). Sohil bo'yi savdosi uchun kichik yog'och suzib yurishlar 1950 yillarga qadar saqlanib qolgan.
Boltiq dengizi sohillarda mamlakatlar uchun juda muhim savdo yo'li bo'lib qolmoqda.
Gapir
Ingliz tili bu dengiz, hech bo'lmaganda ushbu dengizning tili. Ko'pgina mamlakatlarda dengizchilar va yaxtalar uchun e'lonlar har qanday mahalliy tillardan tashqari ingliz tilida ham e'lon qilinadi. Mahalliy tillarni bilish VTSni tinglashdan ko'proq foyda olish uchun foydalidir (asosiy joylarni qayd etish va ularning qanday talaffuz qilinishini aniqlash biroz yordam berishi mumkin). Nemis, Daniya va Shved ingliz tiliga o'xshash nemis tillari, shuning uchun siz suhbat qismlarini qat'i nazar tushunishingiz kerak.
Sohilda ingliz tili Germaniya, Daniya, Shvetsiya, Finlyandiyada va boshqa mamlakatlarning yoshlari tomonidan yaxshi tanilgan. Estoniya, Latviya, Litva va Polshadagi keksa odamlar rus tilini tushunishadi, lekin bu tildan foydalanishni xohlamasliklari mumkin. Uchtasida etnik jihatdan katta ruslar ham bor Boltiqbo'yi mamlakatlari. Boltiq bo'yi qirg'oqlari bo'lgan mamlakatlarning aksariyatida nemis tili keng tarqalgan chet tili bo'lib kelgan, ammo ingliz tilini tobora ko'proq yo'qotmoqda. Biroq, ayniqsa, Shimoliy Shimoliy mamlakatlarda siz bu haqda gapiradigan odamlar bilan uchrashish uchun etarli imkoniyatga ega bo'lasiz. Polsha, Boltiqbo'yi davlatlari va ma'lum darajada Rossiyada ilgari nemis tilida so'zlashadigan ozchiliklar bo'lgan bo'lsa, ularning aksariyati yo milliy madaniyatga singib ketgan yoki singib ketgan va shu sababli ushbu mamlakatlarda mahalliy nemis tilida so'zlashuvchilar bilan uchrashish ehtimoli juda past.
Chiqinglar
Siz Boltiqbo'yiga Daniya bo'g'ozlari orqali kelishingiz mumkin Göta Kanal, Kiel kanali, Evropaning markaziy suv tizimi (Atlantika va O'rta er dengizi bilan bog'langan) yoki Rossiya suv tizimi (shimolda Oq dengizdan janubda Qora dengizgacha cho'zilgan). Aksariyat odamlar uchun mahalliy yaxtani charterlash hali ham asosiy variant hisoblanadi. Pastga qarang.
A ga kelayotgan yoki ketayotgan zavq hunarmandchiligi Shengen davlat boshqa davlat tomonidan buni chegara o'tish punktiga qo'ng'iroq qilmasdan va tasodifiy tekshiruvlardan tashqari chegara nazorati ostida bo'lmasdan amalga oshirishi mumkin. Agar siz Rossiyadan tashqari Boltiq dengizidagi portdan kelgan bo'lsangiz, asosan chegara rasmiyatchiligidan o'tishingiz shart emas. Masalan, qarang. zavq olish uchun chegara tekshiruvlari to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar fin chegarachisi tomonidan. It, qurol yoki boshqa maxsus tovarlar bilan kelish, protseduralarni oldindan tekshiring.
Rossiyadan tashqari, Boltiqbo'yi atrofidagi barcha mamlakatlar Yevropa Ittifoqi va Shengen shartnomasi. Sizga istalgan joyda (harbiy hududlar bundan mustasno) suvga kirishingiz va agar siz ushbu mamlakatlarning boshqasidan kelgan bo'lsangiz, bojxona yoki immigratsion nazoratsiz kirishingiz kerak. Kirishdan oldin alohida mamlakatlar bilan tekshirib ko'ring, lekin alohida holatlar bo'lishi mumkin va tasodifiy tekshiruvlar paytida hujjatlarni tayyorlashingiz kerak. Rossiya uchun va Rossiyadan kelish uchun siz barcha rasmiy rasmiyatchiliklarni bajarishingiz kerak. Eslab qoling Irlandiya va Birlashgan QirollikEvropa Ittifoqida bo'lsa ham, Shengen mintaqasining bir qismi emas Islandiya va NorvegiyaGarchi Shengenda bo'lsa ham, Evropa Ittifoqining a'zolari emas. Ulardan kelib chiqib, mos ravishda immigratsiya va bojxona rasmiyligini tekshiring. Allandiya Evropa Ittifoqi hududida maxsus soliq maqomiga ega, agar siz ba'zi tovarlarning soliqdan ortiqcha miqdorini keltirsangiz, bu muhim bo'lishi mumkin (cheklar ehtimoldan yiroq, ammo mumkin). Rangli (kamroq soliq solinadigan) dizel yoqilg'isiga faqat asosiy tanklarda ruxsat beriladi va faqat kerakli mamlakatlarda sotib olingan taqdirda (kvitansiyani saqlang, hatto yonilg'ining izlari qolgan bo'lsa ham).
Sizga quruqlik chegaralarida kerak bo'ladigan hujjatlarga qo'shimcha ravishda sizning qayiqingiz va kemachi sifatida sizning malakangiz haqida hujjatlar kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Sizga asl ro'yxatdan o'tish hujjati, sug'urta polisi va radioman va qayiqning radio litsenziyasi va ekipaj ro'yxati (bir necha nusxada, ayniqsa Rossiyaga boradigan bo'lsa) kerak bo'lishi mumkin.
Evropa Ittifoqi kemalari uchun to'langan QQSni tasdiqlovchi hujjat (yoki 1987 yilgacha qurilganligi to'g'risidagi hujjat) kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Agar siz Evropa Ittifoqiga qayiqni olib kirsangiz, siz odatda QQS va tariflarni to'lashingiz kerak. Bunga turist sifatida yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo bo'lmagan davlatlar uchun "vaqtinchalik import" mavjud, ko'pi bilan 18 oy davomida, agar kitob ro'yxatdan o'tgan bo'lsa, qishki tanaffuslar hisobga olinmaydi. Odatda vaqtincha olib kirish aniq emas, lekin bojxona organlari sizning hujjatlaringizni talab qilishi mumkin va bu holda siz egalik, ro'yxatdan o'tish, yashash joyi va Evropa Ittifoqiga kirish vaqti to'g'risida hujjatlarga ega bo'lishingiz kerak. Agar qayiq 18 oydan ko'proq tursa, u siz bilan ketmayapti, Evropa Ittifoqi fuqarosi qayiqdan foydalanadi, muntazam parvarishlashdan tashqari ishlar bo'ladi yoki boshqa maxsus holatlar mavjud, aniq qoidalarni tekshiring.
Qishki ta'tilni tartibga solish sizning yaxtangizda suzib, uni hovlida qoldirib, uyingizga qaytishingizga, keyingi mavsumda suzib ketishga qaytishingizga va hokazolarga oid ishlarni to'g'ri bajarishingizni hisobga olib, bir necha yilga imkon berishi kerak.
Siz, albatta, biron bir qirg'oq bo'yidagi shaharchada yaxtani ijaraga olishingiz mumkin, yoki Balticda o'z yaxtangiz bo'lishi mumkin. Agar sizning yaxtangizni olib kirishni o'ylayotgan do'stlaringiz bo'lsa, ularga suzib borib kelishingiz mumkin. Sayohatga chiqishdan oldin siz tanlagan shaharchaga kelish uchun ushbu shaharchani ko'ring.
Skipperning malakasi
Umuman olganda, siz uyda yaxta uchun zarur bo'lgan malakangiz, uni Boltiqbo'yi dengizidan o'tish uchun etarli bo'lishi kerak. Hujjatlar kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Yalang'och qayiqda charter olish uchun ham bayroq mamlakatining qoidalari qo'llaniladi. Hujjatli vakolat, albatta, rasmiy ravishda talab qilingan yoki talab qilinmagan holda katta yaxtani qayiqda charterlashni osonlashtirishi mumkin.
Ko'ngil ochish hunarmandchiligining malakasi to'g'risida asosiy hujjat bu Pleasure Craft operatorlari uchun xalqaro sertifikat ("ICC"), ichki yoki qirg'oq suvlari uchun belgilangan hajmgacha suzib yurish yoki motorli kemalar uchun amal qiladi. Bu Finlyandiya, Germaniya, Litva va Polsha tomonidan rasman tan olingan, ammo amalda boshqa joylarda ham. Finlyandiya yoki Shvetsiyadan tashqari ichki suvlarda siz ICCga ichki suv uchun belgi qo'yishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin (CEVNI qoidalari to'g'risida bilimni anglatuvchi). Agar sizga Boltiq dengizi uchun kerak bo'lsa, siz qirg'oq suvlari belgisiga ega bo'lishingiz kerak.
Oddiy yaxtadan kema bilan o'tish, masalan, rasmiy malaka talab qilmaydi. Daniya, Finlyandiya va Shvetsiya, Daniya bayrog'i bilan 15 metrdan kam bo'lmagan yaxtalar uchun "tezkor qayiqlar", Finlyandiyada "etarlicha yosh va ko'nikmalar" [kamida 15 yosh] 24 metrgacha. Ixtiyoriy yarim rasmiy imtihonlar juda keng tarqalgan. Estoniyada sizning bayroq davlat qoidalariga muvofiq hujjatlashtirilgan vakolat kerak. Boshqa mamlakatlar uchun talablarni tekshiring.
Agar qayiqda VHF radiosi bo'lsa, qayiq uchun litsenziya (qo'ng'iroq belgisi va agar mavjud bo'lsa, MMSI raqamini o'z ichiga oladi) va operator uchun (odatda) Qisqa masofa sertifikati, SRC, shuningdek DSC-ni o'z ichiga olgan) kerak.
Daniya tovushlari
- Shuningdek qarang: # Daniyada qayiq
G'arbdan sharqqa tomon Daniyaning asosiy orollari va Shvetsiya o'rtasida uchta tovush mavjud: Kichik kamar, Buyuk kamar va Oresund, barchasi Shimoliy dengizni Skagerak, Kattegat va Daniya va Germaniya arxipelagi orqali Boltiq dengiziga bog'laydi. Ularning barchasida ulkan ko'priklar mavjud. Oqimlarga e'tibor bering va og'ir tirbandliklardan saqlaning.
Göta kanal
- Shuningdek qarang: # Vänern va Väternen
The Göta kanali dan Shvetsiyaning chiroyli manzaralari orqali o'tadi Gyoteborg ga Söderköping, Skagerrak va Kattegatni Boltiq dengizining markaziy qismlariga, Stokgolm arxipelagidan bir oz janubga bog'laydigan Shvetsiyaning eng katta Väner va Vätern ko'llari orqali. XIX asr davomida muhim sanoat transporti yo'li bo'lib, hozirda asosan dam olish hunarmandchiligi foydalanadi.
Kiel kanali
The Kiel kanali (nemis tilida. nomi bilan tanilgan Nord-Ostsei-Kanal, "Shimoliy Dengiz-Baltic-Sea-Canal") dunyodagi eng gavjum suv yo'llaridan biri bo'lib, Shimoliy dengizni janubiy Boltiq dengizi bilan bog'laydi. Siz Elbe og'zidan kirasiz, da Brunsbuttel. Sharqning oxiri Kiel.
Markaziy Evropa suv yo'llari
Daryolar va kanal tizimlari Boltiq dengizini Atlantika okeani va O'rta dengiz bilan bog'laydi. CEVNI qoidalari qo'llaniladi, Kiel kanali va eng katta daryolarda maxsus qoidalar mavjud.
Rossiya suv yo'llari
Vikinglar Qora dengiz va Kaspiy dengiziga borishda Rossiya suv yo'llaridan foydalanganlar. Ushbu marshrutlarning qismlaridan hali ham foydalanish mumkin. Qabul qilish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan maxsus ruxsatnomalarga bo'lgan ehtiyojni tekshiring.
Oq dengiz - Boltiq kanali Onega ko'li, Ladoga ko'li va Shimoliy Muz okeanini Boltiq dengizi bilan bog'laydi. Sankt-Peterburg, asosan daryo va ko'llar bo'yida joylashgan.
Onega ko'li ham Volga bilan bog'langan, shuning uchun Kaspiy dengizidan Rossiya orqali kelish hali ham mumkin.
Yaxta charteri
Siz qirg'oq bo'yidagi yirik shaharlarning ko'pchiligida va ichki arxipelaglarda yaxtani ijaraga olishingiz mumkin. Siz o'zingizning malakangiz haqida kompaniya qanday hujjatlar talab qilayotganini va kemadan foydalanishda cheklovlar mavjudligini tekshirishni xohlashingiz mumkin. Agar qayiqda VHF radiosi bo'lsa, sizga operator litsenziyasi kerak.
Ekipaj charteri qimmat hisoblanadi. Odatda to'liq xizmat charteri kunlik sayohat uchun taklif etiladi, yalang'och qayiqda charterlash esa uzoqroq sayohat uchun odatiy holdir. Bir haftalik nizomingiz uchun skiperni so'rab olishingiz mumkin, ammo agar siz to'liq xizmatni talab qilmasangiz (va to'lamasangiz), u sizning idish-tovoqlaringizni yuvadi deb o'ylamasligingiz kerak.
Finlyandiyada yalang'och qayiq qirg'og'i yaxtasi charterlari narxi qayiq, mavsum va boshqalarga qarab, bir hafta davomida 1000-5000 evro oralig'ida bo'lishini kutish mumkin. Ushbu qayiqlarda odatda hojatxona, ovqat pishirish xonalari va 4-8 ta to'shak mavjud. Odatiy yaxtalar va narxlar mamlakatlar va suv yo'llari o'rtasida farq qiladi, shuningdek uskunalar va xizmat ko'rsatish sifati. Tanlash uchun shoshilmang. Agar sizda ozgina vaqt bo'lsa, mahalliy takliflar etarli bo'lishi kerak.
"Handy size" yaxshi. Loyiha sababli boshqa ideal langarga kira olmaslik yoki ko'prik tufayli boshqa yo'lni tanlash kerak emas. Bu ba'zi suvlarda boshqalarga qaraganda muhimroq.
Atrofga boring
Boltiqbo'yi - gavjum dengiz. Ko'plab muhim kruiz paromlari va roro yo'nalishlari mavjud. Finlyandiya tashqi savdosining aksariyati boshqa mamlakatlarnikidek katta miqdordagi kabi Boltiq dengizi orqali yuboriladi. Sankt-Peterburg - Rossiyaning eng muhim portlaridan biri. Rossiya portlaridan Finlyandiya ko'rfazidan Evropa Ittifoqiga neftni tashish Fors ko'rfazi intensivligi bilan taqqoslanadi. Bularning barchasi siz asosiy yuk tashish yo'llaridan qochishni xohlashingizni anglatadi. Sohil bo'ylab kruiz yaxtasi sifatida siz ajratish tizimlaridan foydalanishingiz shart emas va odatda ulardan qochishingiz kerak. Shuningdek, yaxtalar juda ko'p, ammo yolg'iz qolish uchun juda ko'p joylar mavjud.
Masofa bo'lsa-da Kiel ga Haparanda 750 dengiz milidan sal ko'proq masofani bosib o'tadi, eng yaqin qirg'oqdan bir kunlik suzib yurish hech qachon 75 mildan oshmaydi. Biroq, VHF / DSC dan tashqarida, shuningdek, asosiy havzada ham, Botniya ko'rfazida ham qirg'oq stantsiyalariga etib boradigan joylar mavjud.
Daniya, Germaniya yoki Polshadan Stokgolmga, Arxipelag dengizi yoki Xelsinkiga borganingizda, ehtimol siz kamida bir hafta har qanday yo'l bilan zaxiraga olmoqchisiz, bu esa qirg'oqqa sarflash uchun ozgina vaqt qoldiradi. Bundan tashqari, sizga asosiy manzilda sarflash uchun vaqt kerak. Shvetsiya qirg'og'i Polsha va Boltiqbo'yi davlatlari (mamlakatlar singari) sohillaridan ancha farq qiladi, o'zingizni tanlang. Agar asosiy havzani aylanib chiqsangiz, soat sohasi farqli o'laroq, sharq va janubdagi kam himoyalangan qirg'oqlardan shamolga qarab suzib o'tish ehtimoli kamroq.
Chegarani boshqarish
Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, Rossiyadan tashqari va dastlabki kirishdan tashqari, muayyan holatlardan tashqari, muntazam chegara nazorati bo'lmasligi kerak. Hali hech bo'lmaganda Polshaga xabar berish kerak.
Finlyandiya ko'rfazidagi Rossiya portlariga boradigan yoki undan keladigan chegara nazorati uchun quyidagilarni ko'ring Finlyandiya ko'rfazi bo'limlar.
Uchun Kaliningrad viloyati, marshrutingizdagi oldingi va keyingi port yaqinidagi bojxona muassasalarini tekshiring.
Qo'l, it yoki boshqa maxsus buyumlar bilan alohida mamlakatlar uchun qoidalarni tekshiring.
Grafikalar
Belgilanishlar xalqaro INT A standartiga (bandargohga kirishda chapda qizil iz qoldiring) amal qiladi. "Diagramma" INT 1 har bir mamlakat uchun ishlatiladigan formatdagi belgilar va boshqalar to'g'risida to'liq ma'lumotga ega, standart formatda.
Finlyandiya va Shvetsiya arxipelagi uchun batafsil qirg'oq jadvallari (1: 50,000, ba'zan ko'proq) kerak. Kichik o'lchamdagi jadvallar sayohatni rejalashtirish uchun qulay bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ko'plab sohalarda navigatsiya uchun foydasizdir.
Elektron jadvallar ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin odatda bitta bo'lmasligi kerak: zavq uchun qo'l san'atlari odatda kerakli elektron zaxira tizimlariga ega emas va juda kichik displeylarga ega - kattalashtirishda muhim tafsilotlar yashiringan bo'lishi mumkin. Ikkinchisi Finlyandiya va Shvetsiya suvlarida juda ko'p mayda toshlar bilan juda muhimdir.
Dengizchilarga bildirishnomalar odatda onlayn, ingliz tilida ikki tilli mavjud. Bildirishnomalarda shikastlangan navigatsiya vositalarining xabarnomalari, o'q otish mashqlari, jadvallarni yangilash va hk. Ba'zi mamlakatlar uchun vaqtinchalik ogohlantirishlar ham alohida-alohida keltirilgan. Ular asosan Navtex xabarlari sifatida tarqatiladi.
Ichki suvlar uchun qoidalar
CEVNI
Germaniya, Polsha va Rossiyaning daryo va kanal tizimlari uchun o'zingizni CEVNI qoidalar va mahalliy qoidalarni tekshirish.
Finlyandiya va Shvetsiya
Finlyandiya va Shvetsiyada katta arxipelaglar mavjud, ya'ni ichki suvlar qoidalari keng qirg'oq hududlarini qamrab oladi. Ularning ba'zilari yaxtalarni ziyorat qilish uchun ham yaxshi.
Kichik kemalarda yon chiroqlar bo'lishi shart emas va ularning yorug'ligini past ko'tarishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, oq chiroq ko'pincha haydovchining ba'zi kurslarda yorug'likka to'sqinlik qilishi bilan juda tez motorli qayiqni anglatadi. Uning barqaror yo'nalishda bo'lishiga ishonmang. Yaxshiyamki, tunlar tez-tez engil va, agar sizning chiroqlaringiz tartibda bo'lsa, u sizni ko'rishi kerak. Shvetsiyada quyosh botishidan to quyosh chiqquniga qadar chiroqlarni shomdan to tonggacha ishlatish kerak, bu sizga bir soatlik elektr energiyasini tejashga imkon beradi.
Finlyandiyada yelkanli motorli qayiqlar kun tartibidan foydalanishi kerak. Shvetsiyada biron bir kunlik shaklni etarlicha kichik kemalar ishlatishi shart emas.
Shvetsiyada yon chiroqlari bo'lmagan qayiqlar katta yo'llardan katta kemalardan uzoqroq turishi kerak. Finlyandiyada 7 metrdan kam bo'lgan qayiqlar, agar iloji bo'lsa, 12 metrdan oshiq kemalarga yo'llar orqali yo'l qo'yish kerak. Xursandchilik hunarmandchilik professionallar uchun ham odob-axloq qoidalari sifatida saqlanib qoladi. Ushbu qoidalarning hech biri kemalar COLREG xatti-harakatlarini belgilash majburiyatlariga etarlicha yaqin bo'lgan taqdirda qo'llanilmaydi, lekin yuk tashuvchilar, paromlar va boshqa tijorat kemalari, odatda to'xtab turolmaydilar yoki xavfsiz tarzda yo'l berolmaydilar, chunki ular bog'langan chiroqlarning yo'qligidan qat'i nazar, yo'lakka yopiq yoki kun shakli.
Yo'l harakati xavfsiz joyida chiroqlar va kunduzgi shakllar talab qilinmaydi.
Signal bayroqlari orasida siz A (sho'ng'in, uzoqroq tuting) va L (to'xtash, politsiya, qirg'oq qo'riqchilari va boshqalar tomonidan ko'rsatiladi) ni bilishingiz kerak.
Bog'lanish
Eng kamida shimolda burg'ilash, asosan, kamon bilan qirg'oqqa yoki qirg'oqqa qarab, orqada esa shamshir (yoki langar) bilan amalga oshiriladi. Mahalliy yaxtalarda ko'pincha kamondan qirg'oqqa oson o'tish uchun yo'llar mavjud va bug'doyga osongina bog'lab qo'yish uchun ilgak va mandalli tayoq mavjud. Gavjum marinalar bo'lgan Daniyada yonma-yon yonma-yon o'tirish va vagonga borish uchun oradagi yaxtalar bo'ylab yurish odat tusiga kirgan. Oyog'ingiz yengil bo'lsin, ayniqsa kech qaytsangiz.
Belgilangan joylar
Ko'rishga arziydigan ko'plab shahar va shaharlar mavjud. Qarang Boltiq dengizi paromlari va Boltiq dengizi bo'ylab sayohat ulardan ba'zilari uchun, ba'zilari quyida joylashgan mamlakat bo'limlarida, qolganlari uchun mamlakat maqolalari. Bulardan tashqari orollar va arxipelaglar yot kreyserlari bilishlari kerak va bu erda eslatib o'tishga arziydigan ba'zi qishloqlar mavjud. Kichik shaharchalar va qishloqlar, hattoki tabiiy bandargohlar, hatto eng katta shaharlarning o'rniga turlicha tashrif buyurish yoqimli bo'lishi mumkin.
Sohil va arxipelaglar ostida Daniya bo'g'ozlaridan soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha mamlakatlar bo'yicha mamlakatlar tasvirlangan.
Daniyada qayiqda yurish
G'arbiy va shimoliy qirg'oqlarida suv toshqini mavjud. G'ildirak oqimlari Daniya bo'g'ozlarida muhim ahamiyatga ega, ammo dengiz sathidagi o'zaro bog'liq bo'lmagan o'zgarishlar ham oqimlarga ta'sir qiladi. Boltiq dengizida suv oqimlari unchalik ahamiyatga ega emas.
Boltiq dengiziga yo'l Shimoliy Yutlenddagi Limfyord orqali Kattegatgacha, Skagen atrofidagi Skagerrak orqali (Yutlandning uchi) Kattegatga yoki Kiel kanali orqali to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Boltiq dengiziga boradi. Kattegatning janubiy qismiga yaqinlashib, bo'g'ozlardan qaysi birini tanlashni tanlaysiz. Kiel kanali yoki Limfyorden tomonidan o'zgarib turadigan va Kattegat orqali Shvetsiyaning Göta Kanaliga boradigan yo'l.
Limfyord 100 dengiz miliga teng, Norvegiya fyordlaridan ancha farq qiladi: sayoz, tog'siz. G'arbiy qismi labirint, qisman ko'l kabi, sharqiy qismi esa daryoga o'xshaydi.
Shuningdek, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Kiel kanali orqali Boltiq dengiziga borishingiz bilan siz Lolland va Folsterdan o'tasiz.
Asosiy bo'g'ozlar yuk tashish bilan band. Avtoulovlarni ajratish sxemasidan va chuqur suv yo'llaridan qochishni unutmang. Buning o'rniga kichikroq kemalar uchun quruqlikdagi transport zonalari va yo'llardan foydalaning.
Favqulodda transport uchun mas'ul bo'lgan asosiy qirg'oq radiosi Lyngby Radio, MMSI 002 191 000. Agar siz 112 raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qilib, dengizda favqulodda vaziyatda ekanligingizni aytsangiz, sizning qo'ng'irog'ingiz Lyngby Radio-ga o'tkaziladi.
Daniyada yaxtalar uchun yaxshi sharoitlar mavjud, ammo portlar gavjum. Katamaran uchun joy topish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin.
- Yutland
- Funen va atrofidagi orollar
- Zelandiya
- Smålandsfarvandet
- Lolland-Falster (shu jumladan Mon va kichik orollar)
- Borxolm Shvetsiya Scania-dan tashqarida
Shvetsiyada qayiqda suzish
Shvetsiya uzoq qirg'oq chizig'iga ega va Finlyandiya va Norvegiya bilan birgalikda jon boshiga to'g'ri keladigan eng ko'p qayiq soni dunyo bo'ylab. Kichkina hunarmandchilikda sayohat qilish, hech bo'lmaganda ob-havo imkon beradigan bo'lsa, milliy o'yin-kulgidir.
Shvetsiyadagi eng katta ko'llarning aksariyati dengiz bilan kanallar orqali bog'langan; ayniqsa Göta kanal. Ushbu kanallar ilgari Shvetsiyaning transport infratuzilmasining asosi bo'lgan; bugungi kunda ular asosan dam olish hunarmandchiligi tomonidan qo'llaniladi.
Sjöfartsverket shved tilini nashr etadi grafikalar. Arxipelaglarda harakatlanish uchun arxipelag xaritalari (odatda 1: 50,000) kerak. Sohil va katta ko'llar uchun jadvallar, shuningdek, kichik hajmdagi hunarmandchilik uchun mos bo'lgan formatda ketma-ket mavjud bo'lib, eng talab qilinadigan qismlar (shuningdek) kattaroq hajmda. Belgilar va amaliyotlar jadvallarda tushuntirilmagan, shuning uchun INT 1 yaxshi sarmoya bo'lishi mumkin. A qisqa versiyasi Internetda mavjud.
Arxipelagodagi suv yo'llarining tabiati sababli, fyervilning "yo'nalishi" har doim ham aniq emas; lateral belgilarni qanday talqin qilishni tekshirish uchun jadvaldan foydalaning. Shu sababli, asosiy belgilar keng qo'llaniladi (ranglar jadvalda harflar bilan berilgan). Eng yaxshi belgilar kamdan-kam qo'llaniladi. Erta bahorda qishda muz harakatlari tufayli ba'zi belgilar yo'qolib qolishi yoki holatidan chiqib ketishi mumkin. Sektor chiroqlari keng tarqalgan.
Dengizchilarga shved xabarnomalari Internetda mavjud.
Svenska Kryssarklubben nashr etadi Gasthamnsguiden taxminan 420 ta mehmon portlari va ba'zi tabiiy portlar (onlayn va bosma shaklda) haqida ma'lumot. Svenska gästhamnar barcha (?) 590 mehmon portlari haqida ma'lumotga ega.
Shvetsiyaning aksariyat viloyatlari qirg'oq bo'yida joylashgan, hatto dengizga chiqa olmaydigan hududlar ham ko'llar bilan band, shuning uchun dam olish uchun qo'l san'atlari yo'nalishlarining to'liq ro'yxati mamlakatning aksariyat qismini o'z ichiga oladi. Shunga qaramay, ba'zi klassik qayiq yo'nalishlari
- Stokgolm arxipelagi
- G'arbiy sohildagi Bohuslen arxipelagi, ya'ni Skagerrak tomonidan
- Sharqiy qirg'oq yaqinidagi Gotland
- Göta kanali
Stokgolmning janubidagi Landsortdan boshlanadigan arxipelag Finlyandiya ko'rfazining oxiridagi Sankt-Peterburggacha, taxminan 400 dengiz milidagi masofada faqat kichik bo'shliqlar bilan davom etmoqda.
Belgilangan joy va imtiyozlarga qarab, yotar joylar va pishirish punktlari bo'lgan yaxta, kunduzgi kreyser, kichik motorli qayiq, eshkak eshish qayig'i yoki kanoeda yoki baydarka to'g'ri kema bo'lishi mumkin. Mehmonlar portlari juda ko'p, ammo kirish huquqi hech bo'lmaganda eng gavjum joylardan chiqib ketsangiz (lekin uyalayotgan qushlarni bezovta qilmasangiz), arxipelagosdagi cheksiz tabiiy portlardan va odamlar yashamaydigan qirg'oqdan foydalanishingizga imkon beradi.
Janubiy Shvetsiya
Shvetsiya janubida bir nechta arxipelaglar, shu jumladan Bohuslen, Gyoteborg va Karlskronadagi arxipelaglar mavjud, aksariyat qismi qirg'oq bo'yi silliqdir. Go'ta kanaliga kirish Go'ta Elv daryosi bo'yida, og'zi ichkarida Gyoteborg.
- Bohuslen (Skagerrak tomonidan)
- Ystad
- Simrishamn
- Karlskrona
- Kalmar
- Shvetsiya sohilidagi yirik orollar
- Oland
- Gotland; The Gotland runt orol atrofidagi regatta - Boltiq bo'yidagi katta suzib yurish tadbirlaridan biri. Visbi bandargohi bor. O'rta asrlarda Boltiq dengizida yuk tashish markazi bo'lgan va tarixiy markazining katta qismini saqlab qolgan. Gotlandning pozitsiyasi hanuzgacha strategik, Finlyandiya va Estoniyaga sayohat qilishda mashhur joy va umumiy yo'l.
Stokgolm arxipelagi
- Shuningdek qarang: Stokgolm arxipelagi
Oja (Landsort) bilan shimoldan taxminan 50 dengiz milida boshlanadigan katta arxipelag mavjud Gotland va Arxolmaga qadar Norrtälje. Landsortdan Kanholmsfjärden, Husaröleden va Blidosund orqali Arxolmagacha bo'lgan janubiy shimolga asosiy dam olish hunarmandlari uzunligi 80 dengiz milidan ko'proqni tashkil etadi. Arxipelagda 1700 km² maydonda 24000 ga yaqin orol va orol bor.
Gota kanalining Boltiq dengizi oxiri janubga yaqin (yilda.) Söderköping). Mälaren ko'liga janubiy kirish Södertälje kanali orqali, bilan Södertälje janubiy Stokgolm arxipelagining uzoq tor ko'rfazida. Malarenga boshqa kirish Stokgolmning o'zi orqali amalga oshiriladi.
Olland orollari va Finlyandiyadagi arxipelag dengizi yaqin: Olland dengizi orqali Stokgolm arxipelagining shimoliy uchidan o'tish o'ng kunning deyarli barcha kemalari uchun etarlicha qisqa. Shunday qilib, ushbu uchta arxipelagni bitta manzil sifatida ko'rish mumkin edi, aslida Finlyandiya ko'rfazida Sankt-Peterburgga qadar davom etadi.
Arxipelaglar ko'plab xususiyatlarga ega. Ko'p sonli kichik orollar bor, ular qishloqlar va hatto shaharchalar bilan katta orollar bilan kesilgan. Tabiat xilma-xil bo'lib, tashqi arxipelagdagi qattiq toshli orollar va kattaroqlarining boshpana joylarida serhosil o'simliklar mavjud. Bu erda ko'plab yozgi uylar, yaxtalar, sayyohlik kemalari va marinalar mavjud. Stokgolm arxipelagi eng gavjum, ammo bu erda ham transport juda kam bo'lgan joylar ko'p.
Nisbatan sayoz suvlar va toshlar va adacıklar ko'pligi sababli navigatsiya talab qiladi, ammo hech bo'lmaganda gavjum joylarda parvozlar yaxshi belgilangan va jadvallar ishonchli. Qiyinchilik bilan tanishib chiqqaningizdan so'ng, arxipelag doimiy o'zgaruvchan ko'rinishga ega bo'lgan yaxshi suzib yurishni taklif etadi. Ko'p odamlar har yili yozda bir necha hafta davomida sayohat qilishadi, hali ham yangi tashrif buyuradigan joylarni topishmoqda.
- Öja - Landsort mayoqi Stokgolm arxipelagining janubiy uchini belgilaydi
- Utö - yopiq kumush koni bo'lgan tashqi arxipelag idil oroli va tog'-kon sanoatining qoldiqlari. Finlyandiyada Utyo bilan adashtirmang, dengizning narigi tomonida.
- Sandön - shaharcha bilan tashqi arxipelagdagi eng katta orol Sandhamn yozgi tungi hayoti va qirollik yaxta klubi uchun muhim bazasi, suzib yurishning muhim yo'nalishi.
- Dalarö
- ...
- Furusund - Astrid Lindgren, Avgust Strindberg va boshqa ko'plab yozuvchilar va rassomlar yozlarini o'tkazgan orol. Norrora va Söderöra o'sha mintaqada, Norrtäljedan tashqarida.
- Väddö kanal - Väddö va materik o'rtasida uzun tor yo'l, kanal o'tishlari, kichik ko'llar va botqoqli joylar va tegishli qishloq landshaftlari va yovvoyi tabiati. Shimoliy uchi yaqin Grisslehamn, bilan Ekkero Olland dengizi bo'ylab.
Agar Alandiya dengizidan Finlyandiyaga o'tsangiz, vaqt zonasi va valyutaning o'zgarishiga e'tibor bering. O'tish qisqa bo'lsa-da, janubiy yoki shimoliy shamollar bilan dengizlar haqiqatan ham qo'pol bo'lishi mumkin. Sizning kemangizga qarab, siz g'arbiy shamolni (juda keng tarqalgan) kutish uchun qo'shimcha kunlarni o'tkazishni xohlashingiz mumkin.
Shved ko'llari
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Malaren
Malaren ko'li orqali o'tish mumkin Stokgolm va Södertälje kanal, minglab orollar va orollar bilan murakkab arxipelagiga ega bo'lib, fin ko'l tizimlariga o'xshashdir. Bu shved ko'llari hududida uchinchi o'rinda turadi. Ekerö tarkibidagi orollar munitsipalitetidir Drottningholm Saroy, shuningdek Viking-Age shahri Birka.
Vänern va Väternen
Göta Kanal Shvetsiyaning ikkita eng katta ko'llariga - Vänern va Väternenga kirish imkoniyatini beradi.
Botniya ko'rfazining Shvetsiya qirg'og'i
Xöga kusten Botni dengizining shimoliy qismida ("baland qirg'oq") Finlyandiyaning Kvarken arxipelagi bilan birgalikda dunyo merosi hisoblanadi. Bu shved (va Ostrobothnian) yaxtalari uchun mashhur joy, ya'ni barcha qirg'oqlarda qulayliklar mavjud. Shvetsiya tomonida dengiz ko'pincha qirg'oqqa yaqin chuqurlikda joylashgan.
Botniya ko'rfazida Skandinaviya tog'lari panoh topganligi sababli, shamollar asosan ancha engil, ayniqsa (engil) kechada.
Agar Botni dengizini aylanib chiqsangiz, soat sohasi farqli o'laroq, sohil bo'yidagi oqimlari 0,2-0,3 tugunni tashkil etishi sababli soat sohasi farqli o'laroq harakatlanishi mumkin, bu soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha taqqoslaganda 50 dengiz mili bonusini beradi.
Finlyandiyada qayiqda suzish
- Asosiy maqola: Finlyandiyada qayiqda suzish
Sifatida Finlyandiya yuqori kenglikda, suzib yurish mavsumi juda qisqa. Eng qizg'in mavsum - yozning o'rtalaridan iyun oyining oxirigacha avgust oyining o'rtalarida maktablar boshlangunga qadar. Bu finlarning aksariyati yozgi ta'tilni o'tkazadigan vaqt. May oyidan sentyabrgacha janubda yaxshi bo'ladi, lekin bahor va kuzda siz etarli darajada kiyinishingiz va marinalarning ochiqligini tekshirishingiz kerak. Tuman yozga qaraganda tez-tez uchraydi.
Kech kuz va erta bahor ham yoqimli bo'lishi mumkin - agar siz yolg'iz qolishni yoqtirsangiz va nima qilayotganingizni bilsangiz. Muz ketishi bilanoq odamlar chiqib ketishadi (odatda janubda aprelda), lekin agar u erda hali ham muz suzib yurishi yoki muzlar yo'qolgan yoki harakatlanadigan joylar bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa, juda ehtiyot bo'ling. Xuddi shunday, ba'zilari dekabrgacha ishlaydi, ammo keyin qor bo'roni bilan kurashish mumkin. Bo'ronlar kuzda bahor va yozga qaraganda ancha tez-tez uchraydi. Bahorda dengizdagi harorat quruqlikdan pastroq, chunki suv hali ham sovuq (va aksincha, kuzda).
Ko'pligi bor marinalar va kamroq mehmon portlari. Ko'pgina mahalliy aholi asosan foydalanadilar tabiiy portlar elektr energiyasi, sauna, kir yuvish mashinalari va shunga o'xshash narsalarga muhtoj bo'lmaganida. Odatda tabiiy bandargohlarda burilishga ruxsat beriladi. Chet eldan kelganida, marinalar va yaqin atrofdagi qishloqlar va tabiatning xilma-xilligi ancha vaqtgacha etarli bo'lishi mumkin.
Ayniqsa, turizm muhim daromad bo'lgan Arxipelag dengizida, ko'pchilik orollarda yaxtalarni ziyorat qilish uchun suv havzasi mavjud va ba'zi xizmatlarni, masalan, baliq yoki hunarmandchilikni sotish yoki ta'minlash kabi xizmatlarni taqdim etadi. sauna.
Botni ko'rfazining Finlyandiya qirg'og'i
Botnian ko'rfazi (Perämeri, Bottenviken) shimol tomonda joylashgan joy Shvetsiya va Finlyandiya uchrashmoq. Spring comes late up here, with restrictions on freighter traffic still in effect (ice class IA required) in middle May a typical year.
- Inland entity: Northern Ostrobothnia
- Harbor map @ guestharbours.fi - Set G, Bothnian Bay 46 harbors
- Coastal cities:
- Tornio (Torneå) at the border to Sweden, the oldest town in Finnish Lapland, with charter from 1621.
- Kemi
- Oulu (Uleåborg), a university town at the mouth of Oulujoki, the biggest city in northern Finland and the fourth biggest metropolitan area in the country by population. Guest harbour in the heart of the city. Oulu is the city where Jarkko Oikarinen wrote the first irc server and client in August 1988.
- Raahe (Brahestad) 64°41 15` and 24°27 60` [1]
Kvarken Archipelago
The Kvarken Archipelago (Merenkurkku, Kvarken) is an UNESCO world heritage site and naturally very beautiful. Postglacial rebound (nearly a centimetre a year) causes the shallow seabed to rise, uncovering pristine new land every year. The land forms (seen as islands, capes, rock deposits and reefs) were created by the ice age glacier.
Because of the northern latitude, there are no dark nights in most of the summer: dusk becomes dawn and the sun rises again. The skies are also often clear; the area is one with most sun hours in Finland. The water is clean, and as it is shallow it becomes quite warm (18–21°C south of Vaasa).
- Inland entity: Ostrobothnia
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set F, Kvarken lists 51 harbors
- Coastal cities:
- Kokkola (Karleby), which had one of the largest merchant fleets in Finland during the 18th century and was a major producer of tar and ships. Large well preserved wooden old town.
- Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), home to the Nautor Swan, nearby Larsmo is home to Baltic Yachts.
- Vaasa (Vasa), the main town of Ostrobothnia. Good service for yachts. The main Kvarken archipelago is in the surroundings, out to Fäliskär, Norrskär and Valsörarna.
Finnish coast of Bothnian Sea
- Bothnian Sea (Selkämeri, Bottenhavet)
- Inland entity Satakunta
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set E, Bothnian lists 22 guest harbors.
- Coastal cities:
- Other destinations:
- Bothnian Sea National Park covers a long stretch of archipelago along nearly all the Bothnian Sea coast. Some of the islands have services, and a couple of lighthouses and a former coastal fort can be visited.
Åland
Åland is an autonomic demilitarized island group with tight connections to both Finland and Sweden, on the route to Stockholm if coming from east.
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set C, Åland islands lists 30 harbors. The Great Harbour Book has a volume on Åland with 140 harbours (including natural harbours).
Coming from Sweden, across the Sea of Åland, the main points of entry are Eckerö and the capital Mariehamn (with two marinas, choose in time). Most people cruise the southern and eastern archipelago, north of the main islands you will be quite alone, although there are villages also here. Thanks to the autonomy and small population, there are much less summer cottages in Åland than in Sweden or Finland proper.
Archipelago Sea
Archipelago Sea (Skärgårdshavet, Saaristomeri) is a scenic and serene classic. It is explorable also with bicycle and car because of the network of small ferries connecting the bigger islands, but with boat all of it is in reach.
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set D, Archipelago of Turku lists 91 harbors. The Great Harbour Book has a volume on the Archipelago Sea with 140 harbours (including some natural harbours). See also visitsaaristo.net.
- Inland entity: Finland Proper.
- Coastal cities:
- Uusikaupunki, the main town of the Vakka-Suomi region, an important ship building and shipping centre in the 19th century. Empire style wooden old town.
- Naantali. The President of the Republic of Finland has his summerplace Kesäranta within sight, the Muumimaa Moomin Troll Theme Park is a hit with the kids, and there is a wooden old town with shops, cafés, exhibitions and restaurants. Not accessible with height over 16.5 m. With mast over 11 m, check which route to use.
- Turku, former capital and the main city in the region, at the mouth of the Aurajoki river.
- Pargas, in the archipelago, with bridge connection to the mainland.
The archipelago is a wonderful place for small craft cruising. Mostly the waters are open enough for relaxed sailing, but the landscape is constantly changing. There are myriads of islands to land on when you feel like, and guest harbours not too far away.
Most waters are sheltered, so with some care and checking weather forecasts you might get along with any vessel. For longer journeys a yacht with cooking and sleeping facilities is nice – and the most common choice – but if you did not come with one, also a smaller vessel, even a kayak, can be a good choice. Regardless of craft there are always new places to explore.
You should definitively visit minor islands. Utö, (Korpo-)Jurmo and (Nagu-)Nötö are classics not to miss if nearby, while countless others are nice as well. Qarang Archipelago Sea.
Gulf of Finland, Finnish coast
The Gulf of Finland stretches from Hanko to Saint Petersburg, a distance of some 220 nautical miles, while the distance across it easily can be covered in a day
There is an archipelago along much of the northern coast, giving shelter from the sea unless you choose an outer route. It is similar to the Archipelago Sea, but much more narrow; you will see the horizon every now and then even keeping to the inner fairways. The route from Helsinki via Hanko to the Archipelago Sea and back is used by countless yachts from the Helsinki regions, so the fairways and marinas are quite busy. There are several nice towns along the coast.
- Inland entity: Uusimaa
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set B, Parainen (Pargas) - Helsinki lists 70 guest marinas from Pargas ga Xelsinki
- Harbour map @ guestharbours.fi - Set A Virojoki - Helsinki lists 58 guest marinas east of Xelsinki
- Coastal cities
- Hanko, on a peninsula reaching out into the open sea. Former spa town and Finland's first winter harbour.
- Xelsinki, Finland's capital.
- Porvoo(.fi) is a renowned destination with a well preserved old town by the Porvoo river's mouth.
- Kotka is an old port and marina city. The apex of Kotka summer is the Kotkan Meripäivät(.com) in the end of July
- Boshqa yo'nalishlar
- Gulf of Finland National Park
The Finnish lakes
There are many waterways consisting of at least partly labyrinthic archipelagos, with islands, capes, bays and narrows, in addition to the more or less open bodies of water. There are always things to explore off your channel, if you have the time. Lake shores and islands are popular for summer cottages, private or rentable, but there is so much shore that much of it is left alone.
Depending on intended routes, smaller craft than by the coast can be handy. On many lakes day sailors are common. Staying overnight in a tent or a hotel instead of in the boat is often a serious option – as is renting a cottage and using a small rowing or motor boat, sailing dinghy or canoe to explore the surroundings. That said, many of the lakes are large enough for comfortable sailing with proper yachts. Bridges and power lines restrict mast height. The lower the mast the better, but height over 12 m will seriously restrict your options. On the main shipping routes of Saimaa the limit is much higher (24m?).
Of the lake systems, only Saimaa is directly accessible from the sea by yacht (by the Saimaa Canal). For the other lakes you mostly have to charter a yacht or smaller boat locally.
Lake Saimaa is fifth largest in Europe, 1,147 to 4,377 km² depending on what is counted (443 to 1690 sq mi), with some 14,000 islands. The connected navigable waterways, also with big lakes, reach from Lappeenranta, where the canal ends, all the way to Mikkeli (South Savonia), Iisalmi (North Savonia) va Nurmes (North Karelia).
Other significant waterways in the Finnish lakeland include Vesijärvi–Päijänne–Keitele near Jyväskylä, Längelmävesi–Vanajavesi east and south of Tampere, and Näsijärvi–Ruovesi north of Tampere.
There are also large lakes farther north, the largest ones being Oulujärvi in Kainuu, and Inarijärvi. Both have national "hiking areas", with service for boaters and day trip hikers. Inarijärvi, with an area of 1,040 km2 (400 sq mi) and some 3,000 islands, in sparsely populated northern Laplandiya, also includes part of Vätsäri wilderness area.
Boating in Russia
Sifatida Rossiya is not a Schengen country, you need to go through border formalities and probably get a visa. There is an exception for the Saimaa Canal, but it does not apply if you are going to set foot in Russia. Check procedures in advance.
You need to clear at a border station when leaving the last Schengen country. If crossing the border directly from Finnish waters to Russian waters, there are two border stations, Santio for the inner route and Haapasaari off Kotka for the outer route. On the latter, contact Russian authorities on Sommers (Russian: Соммерс, Finnish: Someri; 5 M after the border), on VHF channel 16. See also Boating in Finland#Gulf of Finland.
Using the main offshore fairway with traffic separation systems, you will arrive in Russia directly from international waters, 10 M west-southwest of Gogland (Гогланд, Suursaari, Hogland).
- Vyborg
- Island of Gogland (Suursaari of Finland before the war) is in the middle of the eastern Gulf of Finland and is classified as "border area" and therefore there is lot of red tape for foreigners to get here. The island is known for it's beauty and used to be a vivid destination for domestic holidaymakers before the WWII.
- Kronstadt is a city and military seaport on Kotlin Island
- 'Sankt-Peterburg in the Neva delta, a huge city, the former capital, with splendid history and cultural traditions, as well as modern city life.
- Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe (17,700 km²), is just some 40 nautical miles upstream the peacefully flowing Neva river.
- Kaliningrad is an exclave south of Lithuania, see Boating in Kaliningrad Oblast below.
Boating in Estonia
Estonia has some great boating destinations especially The West Estonian archipelago with widely different looking sights than the archipelagos of Finland and Sweden.
The yachting tradition was largely interrupted by the Soviet rule. Facilities have been built since the independence and are good in many locations, but guest harbours are fewer than along the Finnish coast and standards vary.
The coast is not like the archipelagos in Finland, but largely sandy beaches. The waters are shallow and rocky; keeping to the fairways is usually necessary when sailing near the coast.
Estonian north coast
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- The River Narva marks the Estonian-Russian border in East Estonia
- Lahemaa National Park by the coast in North Estonia
- Tallin, the capital city of Estonia, has many guest marinas. Tallinn was a strong trading port in the Gans Ligasi in the medieval times. This was partially due to the extreme ease of sailing safely into and from the port of Tallinn on most winds as practically the whole Bay of Tallinn is deep and practically free of natural hazards on the approach, save a few exceptions easily avoided with modern charts. Tallinn is considerably more expensive than the rest of the country.
- In Old Town Marina at N 59°26,32' E 24°45,32' the medieval Eski shahar is only 15 minute walk away. The entrance to the Old Town Marina is actually through the same entrance in the wave breaker as the huge commercial ferries enter the busy passenger ports. There is a fish restaurant in the guest marina area and various competitively priced and well stocked stores, hotels and restaurants in the immediate vincinity.
- Pirita on the western bank of River Pirita features 2 guest marinas. The Pirita Sailing and Recreation Centre was the home harbour of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games sailing events and is bustling with life in the summertime. Pirita is a larger complex with a very popular sandy beach, a hotel displaying the brash architectural aesthetics of the soviet of that era and some restaurants, pine forest walks and pop-up food wending in summertime. There is a very impressive ruin and a lovely botanical gardens just nearby.
- Kalev Jaht Klubb with 20 quays for guests at N 59°28.23' E 24°49.10'[6]
- Pirita Olümpiapurjespordikeskus with 45 quays for guest vessels at N 59° 28,2' E 24° 49,2'.
- Laulasmaa is a small coastal village in North Estonia with nearby Lohusalu Marina N 59°23,2' E 24°12,6
- Paldiski used to be a highly closed military base in the soviet times.
- Nõva is a small coastal village in North Estonia
- Osmussaare is the last island before reaching the Western Estonian archipelago. It is mostly in natural state.
Estonian archipelago and western coast
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Hiiumaa and Saaremaa are the biggest islands of the West Estonian islands and hit destinations also for domestic holiday makers. Both offer sights of scenic beauty with vast unpassable juniper forests, meadows and leaf forests and important age old lighthouses. The history of these islands is interesting and the wood building style is a thing to see. Both islands are connected to the mainland with around the year service by small ferries and have various many good guest marinas. The water is shallow, so you mainly have to keep to the fairways, and navigate accurately at entry from the sea.
- Haapsalu is an old spa city famous for it's mud bath treatments and castle ruins. Grand Holm MarinaN58°57.50' E23°31.61'
- Hiiumaa is renowed for its natural beauty and also important lighthouses (the Kõpu lighthouse is from 1531, third in age of active lighthouses worldwide). Vormsi is a smaller island between Hiiumaa and mainland.
- Saaremaa has populated history of 8,000 years and the island's main city is Kuressaare located on the south shore of the island. In the west is the scenic Vilsandi National Park with a small island of the same name..
- Muhu is an island between Saaremaa and the main land. Lounaranna Sadam guest harbour N58°32.458' E23°19.163 on the southern shore of Muhu.
- The Muhu straight between Hiiumaa and Vormsi and between Muhu and the continental Estonia is shallow with water depth rarely exceeding 10m anywhere but is a safe fairway to the Bay of Riga even for deeper swimming vessels. Naturally with calm seas the swimming water gets very warm in the waters of Muhu.
- Matsalu National Park is situated 30 miles south of Haapsalu on the mainland coast.
- Parnu is renowed sunbathing city by the north of Bay of Riga, at the mouth of Pärnu river and on the Via Baltica.
- Kihnu is the largest island in the Gulf of Riga
- Kabli is a small coastal town 10km north of the border to Latvia
- Ruhnu is a small island in the middle of the Gulf of Riga
To the west is the Irbe Strait towards south-western Latvia and onwards and to the southern end of the Bay of Riga is the Latvian capital Riga
Boating in Latvia
The main rivers flowing into the gulf are Daugava, Lielupe, Gauja, and Salaca.
For Latvians, yachting is for the very well off, and regular marinas are very few and still in their infancy (2019).
- Kuiviži, small town in the Bay of Riga, at the mouth of the Krišupe; Kapteiņu osta
- Riga, the capital city of Latvia; The City Yacht Club is right across the old town on the Daugava river
- Jūrmala, Marina Jurmala is on the Lielupe river.
- Ventspils on the west coast, Ventspils Marina
- Pāvilosta, small town on the west coast, at the mouth of the Saka; Pāvilosta Marina
It might be possible to arrange something with the authorities of other ports.
- Salacgrīva
- Skulte
- Saulkrasti
- Engure
- Mērsrags
- Roja
- Liepāja
Boating in Lithuania
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Lithuania has a short stretch of coast sailed well in a day, including half of the Curonian Spit.
Main cities and towns on the coast are
The river Neman has been connected to Don via the Dnieper–Bug Canal (allowing shipping to the Black Sea), but some of the canal is in disrepair. A river cruise to Belarus may still be possible.
Boating in Kaliningrad Oblast
- Shuningdek qarang: #Boating in Russia, #Border controls
As Russia is not part of the Schengen area, you have to go through border formalities and probably need a visa. Check requirements beforehand.
- The main port city of the Kaliningrad Oblast bu Kaliningrad.
Boating in Poland
Biggest polish city on the Baltic Sea coast is Gdansk, a city famous for its dockyards instrumental in formation of the Solidarność labor solidarity movement in 1980 which became a reactive catalyst towards the collapse of the soviet system. The Gulf of Gdansk is also one of the main yachting areas, the other being around Szczecin in the estuary of the river Oder (Odra).
Call the authorities when approaching a port. Although Poland is part of Schengen, some formalities may be needed. Similarly when leaving a port.
Weather reports on MF and VHF in English and Polish. Also Swedish Navtex weather reports can be used.
Boating in Germany
The Boltiq dengizi sohillari of Germany is a vacation region located in the northern federal states of Schleswig-Holstein va Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The eastern part of it is known as the German Riviera. Besides the obvious draw of a beach destination, many of the old towns in this area bear witness to the former wealth of Hanseatic cities and are well worth a visit.
- German NtM (Nachrichten für Seefahrer, bilingual in German and English) are available through BSH. Subscription may be needed for the full text.
Ichish
During the long winter nights the Northerners developed a taste for strong drinks. So when civilisation made its mark during the 19th century, there were National rules introduced in order the rule in these bad habits. Even to day you will find sales heavily regulated in a otherwise modern country as Sweden. You can only buy liqueur, wine and strong beer from the stores allowed to do so. And do not expect to find one in every little harbor town. So load up while you can. Preferably in Germany where prices for these necessities of coastal navigation are priced markedly below what you will find further North.
That said, do not open the bottles at sea or before leaving port. A situation where you need all your skills uninpaired can develope quickly.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
Water at sea is cold. Life jackets are necessary even when the shore is near. Keep your clothes on to stay warm longer.
Although there are no hurricanes, you should respect the sea. Waves are generally steeper than in the ocean. Thunderstorms will quickly create gale force winds. There are weather forecasts available on NavTex, marin VHF, FM radio and Internet, and at bigger marinas. Use forecasts for mariners, as weather on land can be quite different.
With speedboats, use the dead man's switch. To get back into a boat without stairs or swimming platform, you can use the outboard motor (provided it is off). Small boats are best entered at the stern, as they will not capsize easily that way. Keeping to the boat in emergencies is nearly always the best option – it often stays afloat even if holed and both helps you and is more easy to find, while it is easy to underestimate the difficulties in reaching the shore – and getting up on a slippery rocky shore even when there.
Sog'lom bo'ling
Hurmat
Disposal of garbage in the Baltic Sea is forbidden, with varying degrees of control. Septic tanks emptying is provided in many guest harbours, at least in Finland and Sweden. Denmark is also slowly catching up (one must be 12 sea miles or more from shore in order to discharge legally – avoiding local problems, but still burdening the sea)
Aloqa
There are GMDSS A2 areas in the Baltic Sea, but you can easily choose your route such that you mostly or always are in the GMDSS A1 areas, with coast station VHF/DSC coverage. In some countries, e.g. Germany and Sweden, there are coast radio stations that connect calls to and from the public telephone network.
In the Nordic countries and Estonia the VHF channels L1 and L2 (155.500 and 155.525 MHz) are available for communication between leisure craft. In Finland (and Norway, Iceland) also L3 (155.650 MHz) is available. L2 can be tried also as calling frequency.
Where leisure craft are allowed to use channel 16 and the normal ship-to-ship frequencies, keep use of these channels strict. If available and legal in the area, use L1–L3.
Mobile phones work well in most guest harbours and often near the coast, but ordinary base stations have a maximal reach of 35 kilometres (less than 20 nautical miles), even when in line of sight, so at sea they are of limited use. The archipelagos are mostly covered, but expect some areas without coverage.
Engish
Recycling points in the guest harbours by the coasts are usually maintained by the association Håll skärgården ren. To use them, you are expected to pay the membership fee. Otherwise mostly bring it in and bring it out (for small amounts, ask your conscience). If in doubt, ask the harbour staff.