Finlyandiyada qayiqda suzish - Boating in Finland

Finlyandiya ajoyib qayiqqa boradigan joy. "Ming ko'l mamlakati" ko'llarda va qirg'oqdagi arxipelaglarda ham minglab orollarga ega.

Arxipelaglar va ko'llarda sizga yaxta kerak emas. Garchi qirg'oqdagi arxipelaglar va eng katta ko'llar haqiqatan ham hamma uchun etarlicha katta yaxta, kichikroq qayiqlar yoki hatto a baydarka boshqa tajriba taklif eting.

Qayiqda yurish - bu Finlyandiyada milliy o'yin-kulgidir, har etti yoki sakkiz kishiga qayiq kiradi. Bu Norvegiya, Shvetsiya va Yangi Zelandiya bilan mos keladi, ammo aks holda juda noyob (masalan, Gollandiyada bu ko'rsatkich qirqdan qirqgacha).

Tushuning

Ichki suvlar: Koljonvirta bo'g'ozi Iisalmi.
Harbor ko'rfazida Arxipelag dengizi

Qayiqchilarning asosiy yo'nalishlari Alland orollari va Arxipelag dengizi, janubiy sohil bo'yidagi arxipelag, g'arbiy qirg'oq bo'yidagi arxipelaglar va ko'l tumanidir.

Ko'l tumani Finlyandiyaning markaziy va janubi-sharqiy qismining katta qismini qamrab oladi, aslida "markaziy" Finlyandiya uzunligining chorak qismigacha etadi. Uning katta qismiga dengizdan janubi-sharqdagi Sayma kanali orqali o'tish mumkin. Qayiqda suzish uchun mashhur bo'lgan boshqa ko'llar mavjud, ammo qayiqlarni mahalliy tartibda charter qilish yoki yo'l orqali olib kelish kerak.

Ko'llar va arxipelaglarning aksariyati labirintin bo'lib, son-sanoqsiz orollar va orollar, kirish va bo'g'ozlar mavjud. Bu turli xil landshaftlar va dengiz manzaralarini va ko'plab yoqimli syurprizlarni taqdim etadi, shuningdek, aksariyat fyervallar yaxshi belgilangan bo'lsa ham, navigatsiyangizdan hushyor bo'lishingizni anglatadi.

Kanoeda va baydarkada boshpana topgan arxipelagalar va dam olish uchun suv yo'llari mavjud kanoeda eshkak eshish, kamroq himoyalangan arxipelaglar uchun dengiz baydarkasiva daryolar ham qiyin oq suv. Shimolda ko'plab yo'nalishlar cho'lga o'xshaydi, boshqa joylarda marshrutlar asosan kamida qisman madaniy landshaftlar orqali, ko'pincha eski merosga ega. Portativ infratuzilma va dam olish joylari bo'lgan eshkak eshish turizmi uchun ba'zi suv yo'llari ishlab chiqilgan. Shimoliy cho'lda baliq ovchilari uchun piyoda sayyohlar va kottejlar bo'lishi mumkin.

Boltiq dengizi

Finlyandiyaning qirg'oqlari Boltiq dengizi qurollari tomon yo'naltirilgan: g'arbiy qismida Botniya ko'rfazi, Botni dengiziga, Kvark (Kvarken) va Botniya ko'rfaziga va janubda Finlyandiya ko'rfaziga bo'lingan. Janubi-g'arbiy qismida Olland dengizi, Olland orollari va Arxipelag dengizi Boltiq dengizining asosiy havzasi bilan chegaradosh.

Boltiq dengizi Daniya bo'g'ozlari (Kichik Belt, Buyuk Belt va Oresund) orqali Atlantika bilan bog'langan. Ular chuqur emas, shuning uchun Boltiqbo'yi sho'r suvni asosan bir necha yilda to'g'ri sharoitlarda bo'ronlar bilan oladi, toza suv esa katta drenaj havzasidan oladi; Boltiqbo'yi suvi sho'r, er usti suvida bir foizdan kam tuz bor, bo'g'ozlardan qancha uzoqlashsa, foiz shunchalik past bo'ladi.

Boltiq bo'yida hech qanday to'lqin yo'q. Suv sathi shamol va havo bosimiga qarab o'zgarib turadi, bir metrdan ortiqroq burilishlar g'ayrioddiy. Kuchli bo'ronlar ham kamdan-kam uchraydi, ayniqsa bahor va yoz oylarida emas. Shamollar asosan engil va mo''tadil bo'lib, turli yo'nalishlardan janubi-g'arbiy shamollar tez-tez uchraydi. Dengizlar kamdan-kam baland, chunki ular ko'pi bilan bir yoki ikki kun ichida rivojlanib boradi va shish tez orada yo'q bo'lib ketadi. Ammo qo'pol ob-havo sharoitida dengizlar juda keskin; galesga jiddiy qarash kerak. 7 m balandlikdagi to'lqin balandligi Allanddan janubda bir necha yilda sodir bo'ladi, 4 m dan yuqori to'lqin balandligi esa muntazam ravishda Finlyandiya va Botniya ko'rfazlarida ham sodir bo'ladi.

Boltiq dengizi band, dengiz esa Finlyandiya jimjit burchakda emas. Finlyandiya tashqi savdosining katta qismi Boltiq dengizi orqali yuboriladi, bu paromlar harakati o'rtasida Xelsinki va Tallin shiddatli va Sankt-Peterburg Rossiyaning eng muhim portlaridan biridir. Rossiya portlaridan Finlyandiya ko'rfazidan Evropa Ittifoqiga neftni tashish Fors ko'rfazi intensivligi bilan taqqoslanadi. Bu shuni anglatadiki, siz asosiy yuk tashish yo'llaridan qochishni xohlaysiz. Sohil bo'ylab kruiz yaxtasi sifatida siz ajratish tizimlaridan foydalanishingiz shart emas va odatda ulardan qochishingiz kerak - arxipelag orqali o'tadigan ichki yo'llar ochiq dengizda suzib yurishdan ko'ra qiziqroq.

Ko'pgina arxipelaglar dengizdan boshpana berishga etarlicha zich bo'lib, to'lqinlari shamolga o'xshash qirg'oqqa o'xshash masofadagi ko'llar bilan taqqoslanadi.

Iqlim

Sifatida Finlyandiya yuqori kenglikda, suzib yurish mavsumi juda qisqa. Eng qizg'in mavsum - yozning o'rtalaridan iyun oyining oxirigacha, maktablar avgust oyining o'rtalarida boshlangunga qadar. Bu finlarning aksariyati yozgi ta'tilga chiqqan vaqt, va kunduzgi harorat odatda 15-25 ° S oralig'ida. Suv iyulda ham salqin, ayniqsa qirg'oqdan bir oz masofada. May oyidan sentyabrgacha janubda yaxshi bo'ladi, lekin bahor va kuzda siz etarli darajada kiyinishingiz va marinalarning ochiqligini tekshirishingiz kerak. Tuman yozga qaraganda tez-tez uchraydi.

Kech kuz va erta bahor ham yoqimli bo'lishi mumkin - agar siz yolg'iz qolishni yoqtirsangiz va nima qilayotganingizni bilsangiz. Muz ketishi bilanoq odamlar chiqib ketishadi (odatda aprel oyida janubda), lekin hanuzgacha muz suzib yurishi yoki muzlar yo'qolgan yoki harakatlanadigan joylar bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa, juda ehtiyot bo'ling. Xuddi shunday, ba'zilari dekabrgacha ishlaydi, ammo keyin qor bo'roni bilan kurashish mumkin. Bo'ronlar bahor va yozga qaraganda kuzda ancha keng tarqalgan. Bahorda dengizdagi harorat quruqlikdan pastroq, chunki suv hali ham sovuq (va aksincha, kuzda).

Qish mavsumida Boltiq dengizining shimoliy qismlari nafaqat Fin arxipelaglari, balki qirg'oqlaridagi ochiq dengizni ham muz bilan qoplaydi. Botniya ko'rfazida may oyiga qadar muz sindirish kerak.

Dengizchilar uchun ob-havo ma'lumotlari bu erda bo'lim bo'linmasi bilan bir xil mintaqalar uchun berilgan, ammo boshqa ko'llar Sayma bundan mustasno, shuningdek, shimoliy Boltiqbo'yi (ya'ni ochiq dengiz) o'rtasida prognozlar keltirilgan Xanko va Shvetsiya) va Olland dengizi uchun. Quruqlik uchun prognozlar kamdan-kam hollarda ahamiyatga ega, kichikroq ko'llar bundan mustasno, chunki shamollar dengizda ancha kuchliroq va har xil naqshlarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Bashoratlar tarmoqda quyidagi kabi mavjud matn va kabi xarita, shuningdek, matn FM radiosida (fin va shved tillarida), VHF va Navtex (tekshiring!) orqali tarqatildi.

Mavsumda shamolning taxminiy tezligi 11 m / s bo'lganida, kichik shamol kemalari uchun ogohlantirish 14 m / s tezlikda va bo'ron haqida 21 m / s tezlikda ogohlantiriladi. Shuningdek, ogohlantirishlar berilgan, masalan. 2,5 m dan yuqori to'lqin balandligi va juda baland yoki past suv uchun.

Kanallar va jadvallar

Yo'lda Pargas (samolyot belgisi, yelkanli qayiq va parom).

Tijorat yuk tashish uchun asosiy yo'llar, albatta, yaxshi belgilangan va ba'zida yagona variant, ammo alternativa mavjud bo'lganda eng gavjum bo'lgan yo'llardan qochish kerak. Arxipelaglar bo'ylab kesib o'tadigan kichik parvozlar, zavqli hunarmandchilik, shuningdek, paromlar va kichik yuk tashuvchilar foydalanadilar. Yaxshi belgilangan asosiy qayiqli parvozlar tizimi, shuningdek, alohida yarim rasmiy qayiq marshrutlari mavjud (ikkinchisining chuqurligi kafolatlanmagan, lekin ko'pchilik qayiqchilar ularga ishonishadi). Qora va sariq rang o'rniga ko'k va oq rangdagi kardinal belgilar ba'zi norasmiy marshrutlarda, asosan portga so'nggi milda borishda ishlatiladi. Etakchi chiziqlar keng tarqalgan, odatda chiroqlar bilan. By baydarka yoki kanoe siz asosan yo'llardan qochishingiz kerak; ba'zi bir eshkak eshuvchilar asosiy tahdid bo'lgan tezkor motorli qayiqlardan joy topish osonroq bo'lishi uchun yorqin bayroqli ustundan foydalanadilar.

Parvozlar va qayiq marshrutlari tashqarisida siz o'zingizning qaroringizdan foydalanishingiz kerak. Chuqurlik ko'rsatkichlari odatda yaxshi umumiy rasmni beradi, ammo hamma joylar zamonaviy ovoz chiqarish texnikasi bilan ta'minlanmagan (Arxipelag dengizi uchun atigi 10%). Qo'rg'oshin chizig'idan chuqurlik raqamlari chiqarilganda (ha! Bunday joylar hali ham bo'lishi mumkin) yoki an'anaviy echo ovozi bilan ehtiyotkorlik bilan harakat qilish kerak, chunki tovush nuqtalari yoki tovush chiziqlari orasida toshlar yoki riflar bo'lishi mumkin, hech bo'lmaganda sayoz suvda. Boshqa tomondan, keng qo'llaniladigan marshrutlarda rasmiy farvarlar yoki yo'q bo'lgan hollarda, aksariyat toshlar topilishi kerak edi.

Ko'p qirg'oq bo'ylab arxipelaglar uchun sizga batafsil qirg'oq jadvallari (1: 50,000) kerak. Kichik o'lchamdagi jadvallar sayohatni rejalashtirish uchun qulay bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ko'plab sohalarda navigatsiya uchun foydasizdir. Batafsil grafikalar ikki xil variantda keltirilgan: bitta standart jadvallar (20 €) yoki kichik hunarmandlar uchun yanada qulayroq format (47 €). Tegishli ichki suv yo'llarining aksariyati qirg'oq mintaqalari kabi jadvallar qatori bilan qamrab olingan (ko'pincha 1: 40,000). Paddlers uchun boshqa xaritalar xaritalardan ko'ra ko'proq ahamiyatga ega bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ba'zi dengiz ma'lumotlari foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Finlyandiya grafikalarida endi EUREF-FIN (amalda WGS84 ga teng) va standart INT A ishlatiladi - portga kirishda chap tomonga qizil iz qoldiring - ozgina og'ishlar bilan. Ba'zi ko'llar jadvallarida hanuzgacha milliy koordinatalar tizimi va turli xil belgilar va ranglar ishlatilishi mumkin. Merkator proektsiyasi aksariyat jadvallar uchun ishlatiladi (kenglik bo'ylab mos keladigan o'lchov, to'g'ri burchaklar). "Diagramma" INT 1 (20 €) ishlatiladigan formatdagi belgilar va boshqalar haqida to'liq ma'lumotga ega, standart formatda. Undan oz sonli mahalliy aholi foydalanadi; diagramma qatorida qisqacha belgini tushuntirish va boshqa foydali ma'lumotlar (shuningdek ingliz tilida) mavjud.

Rasmiy ma'lumotlarga qarang: Finlyandiya jadvallari va nashrlari to'g'risida ma'lumot Finlyandiya transport agentligi tomonidan. Vakolatli grafik sotuvchisi Karttakeskus. Diagrammalar va kitoblar, shuningdek, quyidagi manzilda mavjud. yaxtalar do'konlari va kattaroq kitob do'konlari.

Dengizdan portga o'tish o'rniga, arxipelaglar bo'ylab o'tish yo'llari kesib o'tganligi sababli, ularning nominal yo'nalishlari har doim ham aniq emas (jadvalni tekshiring). Shuning uchun kardinal belgilar keng qo'llaniladi, shuningdek katta sobit chekka belgilari parvozdan 50 metrgacha (xuddi shunday: jadvalni tekshiring). Finlyandiya jadvallarida ishlatiladigan belgilarga qaramay, topmarkslar kamdan-kam qo'llaniladi (ranglar jadvalning o'zida berilmagan, siz ularni bilishingiz kerak). Chekka belgilarda katta radarli reflektorlar mavjud bo'lib, ularni yuqori belgilar bilan adashtirish mumkin.

Elektron jadvallar ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin odatda bitta bo'lmasligi kerak: zavq uchun qo'l san'atlari odatda kerakli elektron zaxira tizimlariga ega emas va juda kichik displeylarga ega - kattalashtirishda muhim tafsilotlar yashiringan bo'lishi mumkin. Ikkinchisi bu erda ayniqsa muhimdir, chunki ko'plab kichik toshlar mavjud.

Siz shuningdek kitobni xohlashingiz mumkin mehmon portlari masalan. yarim rasmiy Käntisatamat-Besokshamnar (bir jild sohilda, 23 evro, ikkinchisi ko'llarda) yoki Buyuk Makon kitobi Arxipelag dengizi skaut qo'shinlari tomonidan (Partiosissit). Käyntisatamat-Besokshamnar har yili yangilanadi va barcha rasmiy mehmon portlarini qamrab oladi. Ajoyibroq va puxta Buyuk Makon kitobi besh jilddan (taxminan 65 evro) iborat bo'lib, ularning har biri 140 ga yaqin portlar, shu jumladan ba'zi bir tabiiy portlar: Arxipelag dengizini o'z ichiga olgan fin va ingliz tillarida I qism, fin va shved tilidagi II-III qism. Alandiya va Finlyandiya ko'rfaziga tegishlicha, fin va ingliz tillarida Botniya ko'rfazida (son yo'q) va ingliz va nemis tillarida IV qism (73 evro), shuningdek, Stokgolm viloyati va Estoniya qirg'oqlarini qamrab olgan portlar mavjud. Diagrammalar va belgilar qaysi tilda bo'lishidan qat'iy nazar tushunarli bo'lishi kerak.

The indeks onlayn Dengizchilarga bildirishnomalar Finlyandiyada, xabarnomalarning o'zi esa uch tilli.

Tinglash VTS tor joylarga yaqinlashayotgan kemalarda, qanday joy nomlari muhimligini anglab, ularni tanib olishni o'rganganingizdan so'ng, erta ogohlantirishlar berishi mumkin.

Ichki suvlar uchun qoidalar

The Arxipelag dengizi

Finlyandiyada yirik arxipelaglar mavjud, ya'ni ichki suvlar uchun qoidalar keng qirg'oq hududlarini qamrab oladi. Ularning ba'zilari yaxtalarni ziyorat qilish uchun ham yaxshi.

Uskunalar uchun minimal minimal talablar mavjud, ammo har qanday oqilona yaxta kemasi bunga ega bo'lishi kerak. Charterli yaxtalar yuqori standartlarga muvofiq jihozlangan. Qutqaruv ko'ylagi majburiydir, chunki vaziyat taqozo etganda kiyish kerak. Kichik qayiqlar uchun eshkak yoki langar borligini tekshiring, nasos yoki kema saqlang. Ko'p hollarda o't o'chirgich talab qilinadi.

Kichik kemalar har doim ham yon chiroqlarga ega emas va ularning yoritilishini pastroq ko'tarishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, oq yorug'lik tez-tez haydovchining ba'zi kurslarda yorug'likka to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin bo'lgan tezkor motorli qayiqni (nazariyada yon chiroqlar bo'lishi kerak) anglatadi. Uning barqaror yo'nalishda bo'lishiga ishonmang. Yaxshiyamki, tunlar tez-tez yengil va, agar sizning chiroqlaringiz tartibda bo'lsa va u ehtiyotkor bo'lsa, u sizni ko'rishi kerak.

Yelkanlar o'rnatilgan motorli qayiqlar kattaligidan qat'i nazar, kunduzgi shakldan foydalanishi kerak. Hamma ham bu qoidaga amal qilmaydi, lekin siz bunga rioya qilishingiz kerak.

7 m dan kam bo'lgan qayiqlar, iloji bo'lsa, parvoz yo'llarida 12 m dan yuqori kemalarga yo'l berishi kerak. Xursandchilik hunarmandchilik professionallar uchun ham odob-axloq qoidalari sifatida saqlanib qoladi. Ushbu qoidalarning ikkalasi ham kemalar COLREG xatti-harakatlarini belgilash majburiyatlariga etarlicha yaqin bo'lgan taqdirda qo'llanilmaydi, lekin yuk tashuvchilar, paromlar va boshqa tijorat kemalari odatda to'xtashlari yoki xavfsiz yo'l berishlari mumkin emas, chunki ular bog'langan chiroqlarni ko'rsatmaslikdan qat'i nazar, fuartada joylashgan. kun shakllari.

Paromlar qatnov huquqiga ega. Sohilda ogohlantiruvchi belgi bor, ularning ba'zilari hushtak chalishni talab qiladi. Agar ularni ogohlantirish kerak deb o'ylasangiz, masalan, ular qirg'oqda bo'lganida va boshqa yo'l bilan boshlashlari mumkin. Kabel paromlari kun bo'yi "Buyruq ostida emas" degan yozuvni, uchburchakda qizil chiroqlar esa marshrutda bo'lganingizda ham xuddi shunday ko'rsatib turadi. Kabel ularning oldida yuzaga ko'tarilishi va ma'lum darajada orqada bo'lishi mumkin.

Yo'l harakati xavfsiz joyida chiroqlar va kunduzgi shakllar talab qilinmaydi.

Signal bayroqlari orasida siz A (sho'ng'in qiling, ehtiyot bo'ling va aniq tuting) va L (to'xtash, politsiya, qirg'oq qo'riqchilari va boshqalar tomonidan ko'rsatilgan) ni bilishingiz kerak.

Daryolari yoki qulflari bo'lgan suv yo'llari uchun siz tegishli milliy qoidalar bilan tanishishingiz kerak; Finlyandiya CEVNI-dan foydalanmaydi. Bunga qulflar va ko'priklardagi chiroqlarning tavsiflari, transport harakatiga to'sqinlik qilmaslik qoidalari, yig'ilish va bosib o'tish qoidalari kiradi.

Limanlar

Arxipelagdagi kichik orolda kemalar bog'langan
Ko'rfazda bog'langan Sayma
Ba'zilar ankrajlardan xavotirlanishga hojat yo'q

Marinalar mo'l-ko'l va kamroq mehmon portlari mavjud. Ko'pgina mahalliy aholi, asosan, elektr energiyasi, sauna, kir yuvish mashinalari va boshqa narsalarga muhtoj bo'lmagan hollarda tabiiy portlardan foydalanadilar. Odatda tabiiy bandargohlarda burilishga ruxsat beriladi, ammo kottejlarga yaqin joyda langar tutish (ba'zan ularni uzoqdan ko'rish qiyin) yomon ko'riladi va ruxsat etilmasdan xususiy jetlardan foydalanish taqiqlanadi. Chet eldan kelganida, marinalar va yaqin atrofdagi qishloqlar va tabiatning xilma-xilligi ancha vaqtgacha etarli bo'lishi mumkin.

Rasmiy mehmon portlari jadvallarda belgilangan. Ba'zi langar va iskeletlardan (masalan, ba'zi rasmiylarning) vaqtinchalik boshpana uchun foydalanish mumkin. Vaqti-vaqti bilan harakatlanadigan paromlar uchun vagonlardan yuk ortish va tushirish uchun foydalanish mumkin, lekin transport harakatini bezovta qiladigan tarzda emas.

Ayniqsa, turizm muhim daromad bo'lgan Arxipelag dengizida ko'pchilik yashaydigan orollarda yaxtalarni ziyorat qilish uchun suv havzasi mavjud va baliq yoki qo'l san'atlari sotish yoki xizmat ko'rsatish kabi ba'zi xizmatlar ko'rsatiladi. sauna. Mehmonlar bandargohida tunash narxi (odatdagi yaxta bilan) ba'zi orollarda 5 evrodan, to'liq xizmat ko'rsatadigan marinalar uchun 15-40 evrogacha o'zgaradi. Katamaranlar va chindan ham katta yaxtalarning amaliyoti turlicha: ba'zilari bir xil narxga, boshqalari esa yuqori narxlarga ega. Ba'zi portlar eng katta yaxtalarga umuman mos kelmasligi mumkin.

Tabiiy portlarni ba'zi port kitoblarida topish mumkin (qarang) yuqorida), marinalardagi munozaralar yoki sinov va xatolar bilan birlashtirilgan jadvalni o'rganish orqali. Xavfsizligiga ishonishdan oldin langarni o'rganganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, ayniqsa suv osti toshlari va taxmin qilinadigan shamollar haqida. Chiziqni toshning yorig'iga mahkamlash uchun takoz qulay bo'lishi mumkin, lekin asosan siz daraxtlar va toshlarga chiziqlarni biriktirishingiz mumkin. Mahalliy odamlar kamdan-kam hollarda qayiqchalardan foydalanadilar, ammo kamondan qirg'oqqa sakrab o'tishadi (bu juda tik va nam bo'lsa silliq bo'lishi mumkin).

Katta marinalarda toza (ichimlik) suv, elektr energiyasi, dush va saunaga, odatda chiqindi suv yig'uvchilarga (tualet suvini dengizga quyish taqiqlanadi) ishonish mumkin. Dengiz yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari kamdan-kam uchraydi, ammo bu muammoga duch kelmaydi.

Yugurish asosan kamon bilan qirg'oqqa yoki qirg'oqqa qarab, orqa tomonda esa shamshir (yoki langar) bilan amalga oshiriladi. Mahalliy yaxtalarda ko'pincha kamondan qirg'oqqa oson o'tish uchun yo'llar mavjud va bug'doyga osongina bog'lab qo'yish uchun ilgak va mandalli tayoq mavjud. Ba'zi portlarda kichik va o'rta kattalikdagi qayiqlar vallar orasiga bog'langan.

Gapir

Dengizchilarga ko'p ma'lumot fin, shved va ingliz tillarida berilgan. Hokimiyat bilan aloqada bo'lgan har qanday narsadan foydalaning. Sohil bo'yida, shuningdek, bandargoh ustalari bularni yaxshi bilishlari kerak, lekin Finlyandiyaning eng sharqiy ko'rfazi va ko'llarida joylashgan Botniya ko'rfazida shved tilini bilish etishmasligi mumkin.

Rasmiy muloqot uchun ingliz tili etarli, ammo fin yoki shved tilini bilish (hududga va shaxslarga qarab) norasmiy suhbat va joy nomlarini bilish uchun muhim bo'lishi mumkin.

Malaka va litsenziyalar

Finlyandiyada "yetarli yosh va mahorat" - kattaroq qayiqlar uchun kamida 15 yil - 24 m (sic!) Gacha bo'lgan sayohatni boshqarish uchun etarli. Qonunda muayyan talablarni (18 yil va hujjatlashtirilgan vakolat) ta'minlashga imkon beradigan qoidalar mavjud, ammo u qo'llanilmagan ko'rinadi. Siz hali ham kerakli ko'nikmalarga ega ekanligingizga ishonch hosil qilmoqchisiz va ba'zi hujjatlar ba'zi hollarda yalang'och qayiqda charteringni yanada silliqlashtirishi mumkin. Ixtiyoriy yarim rasmiy imtihonlar juda mashhur (hech bo'lmaganda shahar aholisi orasida).

15 yoshgacha bo'lgan bolalar "yetarli yoshi va mahorati" hisobga olingan holda dvigatelsiz yoki kamida 5,5 m dan kam bo'lmagan qayiqni 20 ot kuchiga ega (15 kVt) qayiqni boshqarishi mumkin. Bunda siz ijaraga olgan kottejda mavjud bo'lgan har qanday qayiq bo'lishi kerak. Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, siz yosh va mahorat haqida o'zingizning fikringizdan foydalanishingiz kerak.

Ilgari professional kemalar uchun rasmiy malaka talab qilinishi mumkin. Agar bu sizning o'zingizning kemangiz bo'lsa, uyda kerakli narsalar etarli bo'lishi kerak.

Agar kimdir sayohat uchun to'layotgan bo'lsa, boshqa qoidalar qo'llaniladi. Xarajatlarni kimdir to'laydigan mijoz deb hisoblaydigan tarzda taqsimlamang. Hatto biri qayiq uchun, ikkinchisi yonilg'i uchun to'layotgani ham shunday talqin qilingan.

Agar qayiqda a dengiz VHF radiosi, qayiq uchun litsenziya (qo'ng'iroq belgisi va agar mavjud bo'lsa, MMSI raqamini o'z ichiga oladi) va operator uchun (odatda) Qisqa masofa sertifikati, SRC, shuningdek DSC-ni o'z ichiga oladi) kerak.

Chiqinglar

Ning g'arbiy portidagi Marina Marixamn, Finlyandiyada eng mashhur birinchi turlardan biri
Shuningdek qarang: Boltiq dengizida qayiqda yurish

O'zingiznikisi bilan kelishni xohlashingiz mumkin yaxtayoki Finlyandiyaga yaxta olib kirishni o'ylayotgan do'stlaringiz bor.

Uchun eshkaklar, shimolda Norvegiya va Shvetsiya bilan umumiy daryolar mavjud, ammo bu daryolar bu erda yopilmagan. By dengiz baydarkasi dan parcha Norrtälje, Umea, Estoniya yoki Vyborg juda mumkin.

Uchun Shvetsiya va Estoniya, Olland dengizi, Kvarken yoki Finlyandiya ko'rfazidan o'tish qulay ob-havo sharoitida bir kunda osonlikcha amalga oshiriladi. Baltic dengizini yaxtadan kesib o'tish Gotland ham tez-tez uchraydi, lekin bir kechada suzib yurishni talab qiladi, ehtimol VHF qirg'og'idagi radioeshittirishlar tanaffus bilan.

Boltiq dengizi Atlantika Daniya bo'g'ozlari orqali (Kichik kamar, Buyuk kamar va Oresund). Siz shuningdek orqali kelishingiz mumkin Kiel kanali Daniyaning janubida yoki Go'ta kanaliIkkinchisidan janubdan Boltiqbo'yiga yetib borgan Stokgolm arxipelagi.

The Rossiya suv yo'llari Ladoga va Neva bilan bog'langan, shuning uchun siz Fin ko'rfaziga etib borishingiz mumkin Sankt-Peterburg, hatto Arktik dengizidan, Qora dengizdan yoki Kaspiy dengizidan. Kerakli hujjatlarni tekshiring. U erdan kirish uchun (ehtimol Haapasaari orqali) yoki Vyborg (ehtimol Santio orqali), qarang Finlyandiya ko'rfazi quyida. Umumiy daryolarga kirish imkoni yo'q.

Shuningdek Markaziy Evropa suv yo'li tizimi (Atlantika va O'rta er dengizi bilan bog'langan) Boltiq dengiziga etib borishning bir variantidir.

Daniya, Germaniya yoki Polshadan Arxipelag dengizi yoki Xelsinki tomon kelganingizda, ehtimol siz kamida bir hafta har qanday yo'l bilan zaxiraga olmoqchisiz, bu esa qirg'oqqa sarflash uchun ozgina vaqt qoldiradi. Bundan tashqari, sizga Finlyandiyada vaqt o'tkazish kerak.

Masofa bo'lsa-da Kiel ga Tornio 750 dengiz milidan sal ko'proq masofani bosib o'tadi, eng yaqin qirg'oqdan bir kunlik suzib yurish hech qachon 75 mildan oshmaydi. Biroq, VHF / DSC dan tashqarida, shuningdek, asosiy havzada ham, Botniya ko'rfazida ham qirg'oq stantsiyalariga etib boradigan joylar mavjud.

Umumiy kirish yo'llari Fin suvlariga (shimoldan janubdan sharqqa) yoki undan o'tadigan suvlar kiradi Vaasa. Ekkero, Marixamn, Utö (Arxipelag dengizi, Turku), Xanko, Xelsinki (Tallindan), Haapasaari (Kotka, Rossiyadan) va Santio (Viborgdan). Vaasa va Ekkerodan tashqari, bular bojxona yo'llari. Shuningdek, .da urf-odatlar mavjud Sayma kanali (Nuijamaa ko'lida). Bojxona va immigratsiya qoidalari uchun qarang Finlyandiya chegara xizmati: Finlyandiyada dam olish hunarmandchiligini chegara tekshiruvi va Bojxona: Dam olish hunarmandchiligi bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar.

Allandiya Evropa Ittifoqi hududida maxsus soliq maqomiga ega, agar siz ba'zi tovarlarning soliqdan ortiqcha miqdorini keltirsangiz, bu muhim bo'lishi mumkin (cheklar ehtimoldan yiroq, ammo mumkin).

Rossiyadan tashqari, Boltiq dengizi bo'yidagi barcha mamlakatlar Shengen zonasi va Yevropa Ittifoqi, shuning uchun odatda sizga bojxona yo'llaridan o'tishingiz yoki chegara yoki bojxona nazoratidan o'tishingiz shart bo'lmaydi. Agar siz Rossiyadan yoki Shengenga tegishli bo'lmagan boshqa bir mamlakatdan kelgan bo'lsangiz, kemani tark etishdan oldin chegara qo'riqlash stantsiyasiga tashrif buyurishingiz kerak (08: 00-22: 00). Bunday holatda chegara qo'riqlash stantsiyasiga bir soat oldin murojaat qiling (VHF: 68 yoki 16). Agar sizda bojxona rasmiylashtirilishini talab qiladigan tovar bo'lsa, portdan chiqishdan oldin Alandiya va Finlyandiyaning qolgan qismi o'rtasida transport harakati uchun bojxonaga oldindan murojaat qiling. Sayma kanali uchun maxsus ko'rsatmalar qo'llaniladi.

Rangli (kamroq soliq solinadigan) dizel yoqilg'isiga faqat asosiy tanklarda ruxsat beriladi va faqat kerakli mamlakatlarda sotib olingan taqdirda (kvitansiyani saqlang, hatto yonilg'ining izlari qolgan bo'lsa ham).

Chartering

Aksariyat odamlar uchun, mahalliy yaxtani charter qilish hali ham asosiy variant bo'lib qolmoqda, agar sizda Boltiqda o'z yaxtangiz bo'lmasa yoki do'stingiznikidan foydalansangiz. Sayohatga chiqishdan oldin siz tanlagan shaharchaga kelish uchun ushbu shaharchani ko'ring.

Siz qirg'oq bo'yidagi yirik shaharlarning ko'pchiligida va ichki arxipelaglarda yaxtani yoki kichikroq qayiqni ijaraga olishingiz mumkin. Kompaniyangiz sizning malakangiz haqida qanday hujjatlarni xohlashini tekshirishni xohlashingiz mumkin (ko'pchilik sizga ishonmasa, sabablari bo'lmasa) va kemadan foydalanishda cheklovlar mavjudmi. Agar qayiqda VHF radiosi bo'lsa, sizga operator litsenziyasi kerak.

Ekipaj charteri qimmat hisoblanadi. Odatda to'liq xizmat charteri kunlik sayohat uchun taklif etiladi, yalang'och qayiqda charterlash esa uzoqroq sayohat uchun odatiy holdir. Bir haftalik nizomingiz uchun skiperni so'rab olishingiz mumkin, ammo agar siz to'liq xizmatni talab qilmasangiz (va to'lamasangiz), u sizning idish-tovoqlaringizni yuvadi deb o'ylamasligingiz kerak.

Finlyandiyadagi qirg'oq bo'yidagi yaxta charteri narxi qayiq, mavsum va boshqalarga qarab, bir hafta davomida 1000-5000 evro oralig'ida bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu qayiqlarda odatda hojatxona, ovqat pishirish xonalari va 4-8 ta to'shak bor. Ko'llarda odatda qayiq hajmi kichikroq bo'ladi va sizga tegishli yaxta kerak bo'lmasligi (yoki xohlashi) mumkin emas. Ochiq va yarim ochiq qayiqlar, odatda, dam olish uchun baliqchilarga mo'ljallangan qirg'oqlar tomonidan taqdim etiladi.

"Handy size" yaxshi. Loyiha sababli boshqa ideal langarga kira olmaslik yoki ko'prik tufayli boshqa yo'lni tanlash kerak emas. Bu ba'zi suvlarda boshqalarga qaraganda muhimroq.

Qayiqchilar, suzib yuruvchi qayiqlar, qayiqlar va baydiqlar ko'plab yo'nalishlarda yaxshi imkoniyat bo'lishi mumkin.

Belgilangan joylar

Larsmoda ishlab chiqarilgan motorli qayiq

Ko'rishga arziydigan ko'plab shahar va shaharlar mavjud, ularning aksariyati quyidagi bo'limlarda keltirilgan. Bulardan tashqari orollar va arxipelaglar yot kreyserlari bilishlari kerak va bu erda eslatib o'tishga arziydigan ba'zi qishloqlar mavjud. Kichik shaharchalar va qishloqlar, hattoki tabiiy bandargohlar, hatto eng katta shaharlarning o'rniga turlicha tashrif buyurish yaxshi bo'lishi mumkin.

Quyida qirg'oqlar va arxipelaglar shimoldan janubga sharqqa tasvirlangan.

Botnian ko'rfazining qirg'og'i

Botnian ko'rfazi (Perämeri, Bottenviken) shimol tomonda joylashgan joy Shvetsiya va Finlyandiya uchrashmoq. Bahor bu erga juda kech keladi, odatdagidek may oyining o'rtalarida yuk tashish bo'yicha cheklovlar amal qiladi (IA sinfiga ehtiyoj bor). Faqat qirg'oqning ba'zi qismlari bo'ylab arxipelaglar mavjud.

Shaharlar:

  • Tornio (Torneå) 1621 yilgi nizom bilan Finlyandiyaning Laplandiyadagi eng qadimgi shahri bo'lgan Shvetsiya chegarasida. Siz chegaradan o'tishni xohlashingiz mumkin, arxipelag davom etmoqda Haparanda.
  • Kemi
  • Oulu (Uleåborg), Finlyandiyaning shimoliy qismidagi Oulujoki og'zidagi universitet shahri. Shaharning markazida joylashgan mehmonlar porti. Oulu - 1988 yil avgustda Jarkko Oykarinen birinchi IRC server va mijozni yozgan shahar.
  • Raahe (Brahestad) [1]

Boshqa yo'nalishlar kiradi

  • Botnian ko'rfazi milliy bog'i (Metsähallitus tavsifi), Kemi va Torniodan tashqarida va ko'proq yoki kamroq qayiqda borish mumkin
  • Xayuoto, Oulu yaqinidagi orol
  • Rahja arxipelagi yaqin Kalajoki, Kvarken singari muzliklarning tiklanishi bilan. Kanoeda yoki qayiqda eng yaxshi o'rganilgan, chunki hududning aksariyati sayoz va toshloq. 0,8-1 chuqurlikdagi qayiqchali marshrut, suzib yuruvchi yaxtalar asosan tashqi qismlarida joylashgan.

Kvarken arxipelagi

Sayoz dengizdan ko'tarilgan yangi er (De Geer moraines).

The Kvarken arxipelagi (Merenkurkku, Kvarken) - bu YuNESKOning jahon merosi va tabiiy ravishda juda chiroyli. Postglasial tiklanish (yiliga qariyb santimetr) sayoz dengiz tubining ko'tarilishiga olib keladi va har yili toza yangi erlarni ochib beradi. Muzlik davri muzligi tomonidan er shakllari (orollar, burunlar, tosh konlari va riflar sifatida ko'rilgan) yaratilgan.

Shimoliy kenglik tufayli yozning ko'p qismida qorong'u tunlar bo'lmaydi: kech qorong'i bo'lib, quyosh yana ko'tariladi. Osmon ham tez-tez musaffo; bu hudud Finlyandiyada eng ko'p quyoshli soat hisoblanadi. Suv toza, sayoz bo'lgani uchun u ancha iliq bo'ladi (Vaasadan 18-21 ° S janubda).

Belgilanmagan suvlarda harakatlanish qiyin, chunki sayoz dengiz tubida ko'plab toshlar mavjud. Muz toshlarni sayoz suvda siljitishi mumkin, shuning uchun parvozlar tashqarisida (bahorda yangi toshlar bilan shug'ullanadigan joylarda) jadvallar to'liq aniq bo'lishi mumkin emas. Yaxshi belgilangan yo'llar mavjud, va qayiq kanallari So'nggi yillarda zamonaviy yaxtalarning o'sib borayotgan chuqurligini ta'minlash uchun yanada chuqurlashtirildi. Ba'zi yo'nalishlarga hanuzgacha 2 metrlik keels bilan etib bo'lmaydi. Dengiz sathidagi o'zgarishlarga ehtiyot bo'ling.

Botni dengizini aylanib o'tib, soat sohasi farqli o'laroq, Shvetsiyaga o'tish variantlari Norrskär orqali Jarnäs yoki Norrbyskär (kichikroq kemalar; ko'zga ko'rinadigan dengiz chiroqlari va asosan ishlaydigan mobil telefonlar); Replot atrofidagi shimoliy yo'nalish yoki Yakobstaddan Umeadan Xolmodagi Biviken tomon; va ozmi-ko'pmi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri borish Xöga kusten Örnsköldsvik yaqinida, Fäliskärdan Skeppsmalen, Trysunda yoki Ulvyongacha.

Shaharlar:

  • Kokkola (Karleby), u 18-asrda Finlyandiyaning eng yirik savdo flotlaridan biriga ega bo'lgan va qatron va kemalarning asosiy ishlab chiqaruvchisi bo'lgan. Yog'ochdan yasalgan qadimgi katta shaharcha.
  • Yakobstad (Pietarsaari), Nautor oqqushining uyi, Larsmo yaqinida Baltic yaxtalari joylashgan.
  • Vaasa (Vasa), Ostrobotniyaning asosiy shahri. Yatlar uchun yaxshi xizmat. Asosiy Kvarken arxipelagi tevarak-atrofda joylashgan bo'lib, Fäliskär, Norrskär va Valsörarnaga qadar.

Botni dengizining qirg'og'i

Säppi dengiz chiroqlari orolidagi iskala

Botni dengizining qirg'og'i (Selkämeri, Bottenxavet) uzoq dengizchilik an'analariga ega bo'lgan bir nechta chiroyli kichik shaharlarga ega. Sohilning katta qismida arxipelaglar mavjud, ammo ular orasida ba'zi bo'shliqlar mavjud.

Shaharlar:

The Botni dengizining milliy bog'i deyarli barcha Botin dengizining qirg'oqlari bo'ylab uzoq arxipelagni o'z ichiga oladi. Ba'zi orollarda xizmatlar mavjud va bir nechta dengiz chiroqlari va sobiq qirg'oq qal'asiga tashrif buyurish mumkin.

Allandiya

An'anaviy yelkanli qayiq Allandiya.

Allandiya bu Finlyandiya va Shvetsiya bilan chambarchas bog'langan, sharqdan keladigan bo'lsa, Stokgolmga boradigan avtonom qurolsizlashtirilgan orol guruhi. Muxtoriyat va oz sonli aholi tufayli Ollandiyada yozgi uylar Shvetsiya yoki Finlyandiyaga qaraganda kamroq.

  • Liman xaritasi @ guestharbours.fi - Set S, Olland orollari 30 ta portni ro'yxati. Buyuk Makon Kitobida Alandda 140 ta bandargoh (shu jumladan, tabiiy bandargohlar) bor.
  • Finlyandiyaning S seriyali seriyasi Olland orollarini qamrab oladi.
  • Marihamnda chegara o'tish punkti mavjud, agar u masalan ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lsa. to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Kaliningraddan keladi.

Shvetsiyadan, Alandiya dengizi bo'ylab, kirishning asosiy nuqtalari Ekkero va poytaxt Marixamn. Marixamn janubdan kelib, Archipelago dengiziga intilish uchun tabiiy tanlovdir (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Uto orqali boshqarish bo'lmasa). Alkandaning g'arbiy qirg'og'ida suzib yuradigan bo'lsa, Ekkero yaxshi to'xtash joyi bo'lishi mumkin.

Marihamn - Olland orollarining poytaxti, aholisining yarmi. Marihamn shahrida, shaharning g'arbiy va sharqida ikkita marinalar bor, arxipelagga kirgandan so'ng fyervil vilkalar bilan ajralib turadi, o'z vaqtida tanlov qiling. Ikkalasi ham katta va mashhurdir.

Aksariyat odamlar janubiy va sharqiy arxipelagni kezib yurishadi. Siz Marihamndan Finlyandiya materigigacha bo'lgan asosiy yo'l bo'ylab borishingiz mumkin Utö. Foglö va Sottunga marshrut bo'ylab, shuningdek ko'plab kichik qiziqarli orollar bo'ylab joylashgan. Kökar uzoq janubi-sharqda, lekin ehtimol tashrif buyurishga arziydi. Shuningdek, siz Lumparn orqali ichki yo'lni bosib o'tishingiz mumkin yoki asosiy fuarga qo'shilishingiz mumkin (ko'prikni tekshiring) yoki Bomarsund (shimoliy-sharqda Qrim urushida vayron bo'lgan katta qal'a bilan; ko'prikni tekshiring) yoki Prästö sundet orqali davom eting. Orqali davom eting Vardo va Brando, ehtimol tugaydi Iniö yoki Houtskar Arxipelag dengizida.

Agar siz asosiy orollardan shimolga borsangiz, siz yolg'iz qolasiz, garchi bu erda qishloqlar ham bor. Grafikda bo'sh joylar bo'lishi mumkin. Finlyandiyadan ko'pchilikni qiziqtirgan bitta skerri - Väderskär Stormskäret juda mashhur filmlar seriyasida Stormskärs Maja. Asosan hayotiy voqealarga asoslangan kitoblarning muallifi yaqin atrofdagi Simskalada yashagan. Simskaladan ko'rsatma berib, skeridagi hayot haqida gapirib bering. Ushbu orollardan keyin Vardo yo janubga qarab yoki Kumlinge tomon davom eting, ehtimol undan keyin Brandö orqali Arxipelag dengiziga boring.

Boshqa ko'plab marshrutlar mavjud, shunchaki jadvallarni o'rganing yoki qirg'oqqa qaysi manzil sizni qiziqtirayotganini tekshiring.

Arxipelag dengizi

Shuningdek qarang: Arxipelag dengizi
Innamo porti

Arxipelag dengizi (Skärgårdshavet, Saaristomeri) - chiroyli va osoyishta klassik, kichik hunarmandchilik kruizlari uchun ajoyib joy. 8300 km2 (3200 kvadrat milya) 18000 dan ortiq orol va orollarga ega, ularning umumiy uzunligi 2000 km2 (770 kvadrat milya) Ko'pincha suvlar suzib yurish uchun etarlicha ochiq, ammo landshaft doimo o'zgarib turadi. O'zingiz xohlagan vaqtingizda qo'nadigan son-sanoqsiz orollar bor va mehmonlar portlari ham unchalik uzoq emas.

  • Liman xaritasi @ guestharbours.fi - D to'plami, Turku arxipelagi 91 ta portni ro'yxatlaydi. Buyuk Makon kitobi Partiosissitning Archipelago dengizida 140 ta porti bo'lgan (shu jumladan, ba'zi tabiiy portlari) jild mavjud. Shuningdek qarang visitsaaristo.net.
  • Ichki korxona: Finlyandiya to'g'ri.
  • Finlyandiyaning "D" seriyali Arxipelag dengizining katta qismini qamrab oladi.
  • Arxipelag dengizida 900 ta dengiz millari rasmiy yo'llar va qayiq marshrutlari mavjud. Partiosissitda yana 2000 dengiz miliga norasmiy yo'nalishlar haqida kitob mavjud. Va, albatta, ehtiyotkorlik bilan, o'zingizni topishingiz mumkin.
  • Archipelago VTS VHF 71 kanalidan foydalanadi.

Although fairways are well marked and there is a lot of navigable water outside them, foreigners used to more open waters will probably have quite a challenge in adjusting their navigation techniques, before being able to fully enjoy the experience. Going down under to check the chart is not the way to navigate here.

Most waters are sheltered, so with some care and checking weather forecasts you might get along with any vessel. For longer journeys a yacht with cooking and sleeping facilities is nice – and the most common choice – but if you did not come with one, also a smaller vessel, even a kayak, can be a good choice. Regardless of craft there are always new places to explore.

The permanently inhabited islands, at least the remote ones, tend to have some kind of guest harbour and service for boaters. For electricity, waste bins and showers you should head for the bigger ones, but sauna, freshly smoked fish, handicraft or a nature trail may be available anywhere. You should definitively visit some of these minor islands. Utö, (Korpo-)Jurmo and (Nagu-)Nötö are classics not to miss if nearby, while countless others are nice as well.

Main islands of the archipelago include those of Kustavi, Velkua, Merimasku, Rymattylä, Iniö, Houtskar, Korpo, Nagu, Pargas va Kimitoön. Smaller noteworthy islands include Utö, Jurmo va Nötö in the outer archipelago on the route from the open sea toward Turku, Gullkrona va Örö farther east, the lighthouse skerry Bengtskär off Kimitoön, and the lush former leper hospital island Sjalyo close to Nagu Kyrkbacken.

Marina by Nagu Kyrkbacken, mid-week in shoulder season

Main ports in the Archipelago Sea from north to south towards east:

  • Uusikaupunki, the main town of the Vakka-Suomi region, an important ship building and shipping centre in the 19th century. Empire style wooden old town.
  • Naantali is a solid sailing destination and known as one of the most beautiful and bustling guest marinas in Finland. The President of the Republic of Finland has his summerplace Kultaranta within sight and the Moomin World theme park is a hit with the kids. Naantali features a luxurious spa hotel and a wooden old town with shops, cafés, exhibitions and restaurants. Not accessible with height over 16.5 m. With mast over 11 m, check which route to use.
  • Turku, former capital and the main city in the region, at the mouth of the Aurajoki river.
  • Nagu Kirkbacken, a village with the biggest marina in the region, between Naantali and Turku to the north and the outer archipelago to the south.
  • Pargas, a town immediately south of Turku, to the east from Airisto; the town itself is on the route from Helsinki to Airisto, but accessible only by long sounds.
  • Kasnäs and Dalsbruk in Kimitoön are villages at the main fairway eastwards to Hanko and Helsinki.

Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland stretches from Hanko to Saint Petersburg, a distance of some 220 nautical miles, while the distance across it easily can be covered in a day. The ferry traffic between the capitals of Finland and Estonia, Xelsinki va Tallin, is frequent, as is freighter traffic through the gulf.

There is an archipelago along much of the northern coast, giving shelter from the sea unless you choose an outer route. The outer archipelago is hard to navigate, so seeking shelter only when the sea gets rough is not necessarily easy. The archipelago is similar to the Archipelago Sea, but much more narrow; you will see the horizon every now and then even keeping to the inner fairways. The route from Helsinki via Hanko to the Archipelago Sea and back is used by countless yachts from the Helsinki regions, so the fairways and marinas are quite busy.

On sunny summer's days there is often a fresh sea breeze in the afternoon, and corresponding light land breeze in the night.

Coming from Sankt-Peterburg yoki Vyborg, the nearest border control points in Finland are Santio for the inner fairway and Haapasaari off Kotka for the off shore route. There are also border control stations in e.g. Xelsinki, Hanko va Mariehamn. You have to visit a border control point also on your way to Russia, even if on your way to Saimaa.

  • 1 Santio border guard station (at the inner route from Vyborg Bay), ☏ 358 295-426-110. 08:00–22:00. With marine VHF, use channel 68 or 16. Santio (Q24314143) on Wikidata (updated Apr 2016)
  • 2 Haapasaari (Aspö) (off Kotka), ☏ 358 295-426-130. 08:00–22:00. With marine VHF, use channel 68 or 16. The island is a local cruising destination, with a guest harbour. You can seize the chance to explore the island, buy fuel etc. (Q3440711) on Wikidata (updated Apr 2016)

Hanko-Helsinki

The two towers of Hanko looking toward the Gulf of Finland – the water tower and the church tower. The water tower is a welcome sight to the eyes of many a weary sailor.

The Western Gulf of Finland starts at Hanko, with Hanko peninsula the border between the gulf and the Archipelago Sea. It ends at the capitals Helsinki and Tallinn. The archipelago and coast of West Uusimaa is traditionally Swedish speaking.

There is a large archipelago east (as well as west) of the Hanko peninsula, off Raseborg, with the Ekenäs Archipelago National Park. Inga, Siuntio (Sjundeå) and Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt) follow, with some exposed waters at the Porkkala peninsula. After Porkkala you reach Espoo (Esbo) and Xelsinki (Helsingfors).

The traffic between Helsinki and Tallinn is lively, with more than twenty ferry departures daily in each direction and Tallinn a popular yacht destination as well, at a distance of less than 50 nautical miles.

Helsinki-Vyborg

Off Sipoo, east of Helsinki

The Finnish coast of Eastern Gulf of Finland stretches from Helsinki to the Russian border.

Shore of Ulko-Tammio

Gulf of Finland National Park is in the outer archipelago off Kotka, from Pyhtää to Virolahti. This – beside the Gulf of Bothnia and Bothnian Bay national parks – is probably your best chance to acquaint yourself to the varying features of the outer archipelago, with bare rocky islets washed by the open sea and islands groups with flora and microfauna varying with the degree of shelter above as well as below the water, some parts even calm and lush.

As the park is in the outer archipelago, care should be taken with the weather. Most of the harbours are usable and safe only as long as the weather stays calm. On Ulko-Tammio, which has a sheltered harbour, an open wilderness hut and tour boats at some occasions, there is a guide in peak season. Tours of 1 hr, 1 km. Like on the other islands of the park, the terrain is difficult, challenging unless you are moderately fit. There are excursion harbors suitable for a keelboat in calm weather on a few more islands. These also have services such as tent areas, dry toilets, campfire sites and nature trails. There are two inhabited larger islands with ferry connection and nature information huts, in the park area but not part of the park proper: Kaunissaari (Fagerö; with shop, restaurant, café, camping ground and accommodation) and Haapasaari (Aspö; with customs, shop, fuel and post office services).

Coastal towns:

  • Sipoo (Sibbo) archipelago is nice. Seize the chance to make some of your grocery shopping aboard m/s Christina.
  • Porvoo (Borgå) is a renowned destination with a well preserved old town by the Porvoo river's mouth.
  • Loviisa (Lovisa) is a mellow laid back town with an interesting island fort south of it.
  • Kotka is an old port and marina city. The apex of Kotka summer is the Kotkan Meripäivät(.com) in the end of July
  • Hamina (Fredrikshamn) has the Hamina Tattoo in the start of August [6]
  • Virolahti (Vederlax) is where Finland ends.
  • Pyhtää (Pyttis)
  • Miehikkälä

Pyttis, Kotka, Hamina, Virolahti and Miehikkälä market their travel offerings together.

Sayma kanali

Saimaa Canal was opened in 1856, greatly invigorating the Saimaa maydon.

Orqali Sayma kanali (Saimaan kanava, Saima kanal; 43 km) you can access the scenic Saimaa lake system. This requires briefly passing through Rossiya since the Gulf of Finland end of the locks is in Russia. Qarang Saimaa Canal instructions.

No Russian visa is required to pass if you use the inner fairway, via Santio, and do not stop over at Vyborg, but there are requirements on the craft, master and documents. You have to clear with Finnish customs before leaving Finland, and customs routes have to be used (see #Gulf of Finland above). A marine VHF radio is needed if you do not want a pilot between the Vihrevoi island and the Brusnitchnoe lock. (USD30 in 2010). The Finnish chart series A and S cover the coastal route from Helsinki to Vyborg and onwards to and through the canal, respectively.

Sailboats must travel by engine in the canal, or else be towed without setting sails.

While in Russian waters and in the canal section on Russian territory deviating from the fairway is not allowed and landing is strictly forbidden. Staying overnight (in the boat) is allowed only at specific places. If you plan to visit Russian ports, see also Boating on the Baltic Sea#Boating in Russia.

The Finnish lakes

Forested islands in Kallavesi, seen from Kuopio.

Most of the waterways described here are at least partly labyrinthic archipelagos, with islands, capes, bays and narrows, in addition to the more or less open bodies of water. There are always things to explore off your channel, if you have the time. There are also other kinds of lakes, but those are relevant mostly if you rent a cottage at their shore. Lake shores and islands are popular for summer cottages, private or rentable, but there is so much shore that much of it is left alone.

Many lakes are large, but if you want to explore the navigable waterways of e.g. Saimaa, Päijänne, Näsijärvi or Längelmävesi from end to end you will also need to go through locks (or carry your canoe past them). Boaters intending to go through locks or along streams should acquaint themselves with the rules for the inner waterways, see yuqorida. Many locks are self-service, but they are quite easy to use.

Depending on intended routes, smaller craft than by the coast can be handy. On many lakes day sailors are common. Staying overnight in a tent or a hotel instead of in the boat is often a serious option, as is renting a cottage and using a small rowing or motor boat, sailing dinghy or kanoe to explore the surroundings – and off the navigable waterways there are many possibilities for whitewater sports.

That said, many of the lakes are large enough for comfortable sailing with proper yachts. Bridges and power lines restrict mast height. The lower the mast the better, but height over 12 m will seriously restrict your options. On the main shipping routes of Saimaa the limit is much higher (24 m?).

Of the lake systems, only Saimaa is directly accessible from the sea by yacht. For the other lakes you mostly have to charter a yacht or smaller boat locally.

Saimaa lake system

Haukivesi in autumn, near Savonlinna

Lake Saimaa is very large: 1,150 to 4,400 km² depending on what is counted (440 to 1690 square miles), fifth largest in Europe, with some 14,000 islands. It is situated in the administrative districts South Savonia va South Karelia. The connected navigable waterways, also with big lakes, reach all the way to Mikkeli (South Savonia; with high mast to Ristiina 15 km earlier), Iisalmi (North Savonia; 12 m height restriction near Kuopio) va Nurmes (Shimoliy Kareliya; 10.5 or 12 m height restriction in Pielisjoki, Joensuu, some 250 km from the Saimaa Canal).

Chart series L, M, V and R cover most of the connected waters. Chart 921 provides an overview.

The nature of Saimaa is astonishingly beautiful.

Cities of Saimaa include

  • 1 Ilosaarirock. The Ilosaarirock Festival is an annual rock festival held in Joensuu on the second weekend of July. Founded in 1971, Ilosaarirock is the second oldest rock festival in Finland still active, and one of the oldest in Europe. Ilosaarirock gathers about 21,000 daily visitors and has been sold out in advance every year since 1998. 
Savonlinna Opera Festival stage is in Olavinlinna castle.

Vesijärvi–Päijänne–Keitele

Lake Keitele as seen by Akseli Gallen-Kallela in 1905

There are several waterways connected to these lakes.

  • Päijänne itself is a large lake: 1,100 square kilometres (420 sq mi) plus 330 square kilometres (130 sq mi) of islands, 2,800 km (1,700 mi) of shoreline, 120 km (75 mi) end to end.
  • Keitele is 500 km², 85 km end to end.
  • Vesijärvi is 110 km².
  • The Saarijärvi route is 80 km (Kyyjärvi–Karstula–Pylkönmäki–Saarijärvi) has nice landscapes and 22 reasonably easy rapids (I–II at normal water levels). There are several connected lakes providing options for sidetrips. 54 km (34 mi) of the route is on mostly narrow lakes, 28 km (17 mi) on rivers. There are marked rest spots and other services. The rapids are being restored (as of 2015), so don't trust old maps, but study the rapids yourself, unless you have a guide taking that responsibility. You can continue on the Route of Seven Lakes (35 km), with mostly easy kanoeda eshkak eshish in beautiful and varied landscapes. The PDF on the Saarijärvi routes[o'lik havola] is mainly in Finnish, but legend for maps and contact information is also in English. There are a few short portages, with carts.
  • Keitele–Leppävesi–Päijänne (the Viitasaari Route) has canals and locks.
  • The Rautalammi route is proposed as a "national water route" because of its landscapes, partly desolate, partly with parish villages and cultural landscapes. The Keitele Canal provides access to Päijänne. Some routes in the lake and river system are suitable for boats as well as canoes, some have whitewater legs. The bridges on the routes have 5.5 m height. There was a "rubber wheel canal" to provide a connection to Saimaa, near Kuopio – you could try your luck finding transport businesses willing to take your boat across.

Längelmävesi–Vanajavesi

Näsijärvi–Ruovesi

Oulujärvi

Inarijärvi

Sheltered shore of Lake Inari

Lake Inarijärvi (Inari Sámi: Aanaarjävri), is the third largest lake in Finland, with an area of 1,040 km2 (400 sq mi) and some 3,000 islands, in sparsely populated northern Lapland. You can be alone for days or even weeks in the labyrinthine archipelagos. The lake is popular primarily among fishermen and wilderness kayakers. The season is late and short, with ice into June.

Commercial services can be had mainly in Inari, but infrastructure such as jetties, cooking shelters and wilderness huts is provided here and there by Inari National Hiking Area va Vätsäri cho'l zonasi, together covering most of the lake. Ivalo is 12 km from the lake, up the Ivalojoki river (itself a nice downstream canoeing route). The village Nellim in the south-east may also have some services. Other settlements by the lake are tiny.

There is an Inarijärvi boating map: Inarijärven veneilykartta, chart no 480.

Although much of Inarijärvi is sheltered archipelagos, there are also large open areas, and the force of possible gales should not be underestimated.

Ulanmoq

Emergencies

Uchun emergencies at sea in Finland (or anything that might develop into one) contact the maritime rescue centre (MRCC Turku for most of the coast and sea, MRSC Helsinki for Gulf of Finland), VHF 70/16 or phone 358 294-1000 (shared number). The general emergency number 112 can also be used, they will send the coast guard (responsible for distress at sea) or the lifeboat institution to help you if needed, but often have a pretty obscure picture of the conditions in the archipelago, so be prepared for some frustration. For lakes, use 112 except on the main fairways of Saimaa, where Saimaa VTS may be better, depending on the kind of emergency. The lifeboat institution listens to VHF 16 on most big lakes in season.

Mobile phones

Mobile phones mostly work in the lakes and archipelagos, but expect lack of coverage here and there. Many marinas have Wi-Fi.

VHF

VHF can be used to contact authorities, major marinas and many yachts. Primary channels between leisure craft are L1–L3 (155.500, 155.525 and 155.650 MHz), 77 and 72. The latter ones can also be used for communication with ships. L1 and L2 are available in the Nordic countries and Estonia, so can be used in communication with leisure craft from there.

Channel 16 can be used for calling up any vessel. Some leisure craft may listen also to L2 (former calling channel for leisure craft).

Bu sayohat mavzusi haqida Finlyandiyada qayiqda suzish a foydalanish mumkin maqola. Bu mavzuning barcha asosiy yo'nalishlariga tegishlidir. Sarguzasht odam ushbu maqoladan foydalanishi mumkin, ammo iltimos, sahifani tahrirlash orqali uni yaxshilang.