Irlandiya - Ireland

Irlandiya (Irland: Éire) deb nomlanuvchi Irlandiya Respublikasi (Irlandiya: Poblacht na hÉireann), o'z xalqi bilan birga butun dunyoga eksport qilingan boy madaniyatga ega.

Irlandiyada ikkita madaniyat mavjud: tarixiy Gal madaniyati (shu jumladan G'arbiy Evropadagi eng qadimgi adabiyotlardan biri) va uning o'rnini bosgan ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan madaniyat. Irlandiyaga tashrif buyurishdan oldin, uning ostidagi keksa dunyo haqida biron bir narsani kashf qilish uchun bir oz chuqurroq qazish sizning vaqtingizga arziydi. Bu har doim ham ko'rinmasa ham, hali ham yashaydigan dunyo.

Ba'zi Irlandiya tarixi haqiqatan ham juda qorong'i bo'lgan, ammo u ajoyib sahna ko'rinishlari, ilg'or bilimlar iqtisodiyoti, birinchi darajali infratuzilmalar va etakchi sanoat sohalariga ega, yuqori ichki mahsulot va standartga ega bo'lgan shoirlar, hikoyachilar va musiqachilar mamlakati bo'lib qolmoqda. yashash.

Mintaqalar

Shimoliy Irlandiya, uyning millati Birlashgan Qirollik, o'zining alohida maqolasida keltirilgan.

Shahar va shaharchalar

• 53.347778-6.2597221 Dublin Irlandiyaning eng kosmopolit shahri bo'lib, juda ko'p diqqatga sazovor joylari va tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun qulay poytaxti.
• 51.897222-8.472 Cork - mamlakatning ikkinchi yirik shahri - Li daryosi bo'yida. C.600-yil St Finbarre tomonidan tashkil etilgan va ajoyib taomlar (ayniqsa dengiz mahsulotlari), pablar, xarid qilish va festivallar bilan mashhur. Agar siz Atlantika okeani bilan chegaradosh qirg'oq bo'ylab shahar tashqarisiga chiqsangiz, uzoq shamolli plyajlarni, tarixga ega go'zal qishloqlarni, qal'alarni va bir qator ochiq havoda faoliyatni topasiz.
• 53.271944-9.0488893 Geyvey rang-barang ziyofat shaharchasi: juda ko'p ajoyib taomlar, musiqa va ales. Faqat g'arbda Konnemaraning hayajonli tog 'manzarasi joylashgan.
• 52.0588-9.50724 Killarni - Ehtimol, Irlandiyaning eng mashhur sayyohlik maskani. O'ziga xos yoqimli shaharcha, bu ham ko'pchilikning boshlanishi Kerrining halqasi sayohatlar.
• 52.6477-7.25615 Kilkenni - har yili iyun oyining boshlarida o'tkaziladigan "Marmar Siti" deb nomlanuvchi jozibali o'rta asr shaharchasi - "Mushuklarning kulishi" komediya festivali.
• 54.9566-7.72036 Letterkenny - Asosiy shahar Donegal okrugi, shlyuz maqomini tayinladi va Evropada eng tez o'sib borayotgan shahar deb tanildi. Donegalda sayohat qilish uchun yaxshi asos.
• 52.6653-8.62387 Limerik Gruziya ko'cha naqshlari va sombre qal'asi bilan Dublinning miniatyurasi. Yaqinda yana qasrlar, tarixgacha bo'lgan majmua va transatlantik uchadigan qayiqlar uchun muzey mavjud.
• 54.2667-8.48338 Sligo - shoir WB Yeats o'zining ohaktosh sharflari, prehistorik megalitlar va qadimgi afsonalar manzarasidan ilhomlangan va siz ham shunday qilasiz.
• 52.256667-7.1291679 Vaterford, Irlandiyaning eng qadimgi shahri, Viking, o'rta asrlar va Gruziya merosining boy aralashmasiga ega.

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• 53.69284-6.449321 Bru Na Bónne yilda County Meath eng qadimgi miloddan avvalgi 3100 yilga oid neolit ​​davri yodgorliklari.
• 53.010278-6.32752 Glendalo yilda Uiklov okrugi chuqur tabiiy vodiyda ajoyib o'rta asr monastiri majmuasi.
• 53.007-9.0023 The Burren - bu xayratparast, bepusht ohaktosh toshi Klar okrugi. Bu to'satdan buyuk narsada tugaydi Moher qoyalari.
• 53.116667-9.74 Aran orollari Burrenning dengiz bo'yidagi davomi. Ularning uchtasida ham odamlar yashaydi va ular tarixgacha va ilk nasroniylarning yodgorliklari bilan ajralib turadi.
• 53.5-9.755 Konnemara yilda Geyvey okrugi bu granit, botqoq va kichik orollarning ajoyib manzaralariga ega bo'lgan Irlandiyadagi so'zlashuvchi mintaqadir.
• 54.917-86 Donegal okrugi - ushbu okrugning qirg'oq mintaqalari ajoyib manzaralari va ajoyib plyajlariga ega
• 51.7075-8.5305567 Kinsale - Irlandiyaning eng qadimgi shahridagi gastronomik mukammallik
• 51.948889-9.91758 Kerrining halqasi va 51.771111-10.5405569 Skellig Maykl - Kerri okrugida

Tushuning

Tarix

Insonlarning Irlandiyada bo'lganligi haqidagi dastlabki dalillar miloddan avvalgi 10500 yillarga borib taqaladi, o'sha paytda bu mamlakatda bir nechta ovchilar yig'uvchilar yashagan. Miloddan avvalgi 4000 yilgacha bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, ularning ortidan Ispaniyadan Evropa qirg'og'i bo'ylab shimolga ko'chib o'tgan neolit ​​davri ko'chib kelganlar. Ular o'zlari bilan dehqonchilikni va katta tosh yodgorliklarni yoqtirishni olib kelishdi. Ular Evropada ma'lum bo'lgan va 20 yilgacha saqlanib qolgan dastlabki dala tizimlarini yaratdilar^th torf qatlamlari ostida asr.

Bronza davri taxminan 2500 yilgacha Irlandiyada boshlangan. Temir davrida (miloddan avvalgi 800-yillarning boshlarida) Irlandiyada kelt tili va madaniyati paydo bo'ldi, ehtimol Britaniyadan madaniy tarqalish natijasida, chunki keltlarning "bosqini" ning arxeologik dalillari yo'q.

V asrdan boshlab Irlandiya xristianlashtirildi va shu bilan birga savodxonlik va lotin madaniyati haqida bilimlar paydo bo'ldi. Monastir shaharlari tashkil etilib, o'quv va adabiyot markazlariga aylandilar. Rohiblar birinchi bo'lib Irlandiyaning afsonalarini yozishga majbur qildilar va nafis tabiat she'riyatini yaratdilar. Monastirlar asosiy maqsad bo'lgan Norsmenlar 8-asr oxirlarida bostirib kirgan va oxir-oqibat Dublin, Veksford, Uotford, Kork va Limerikda muhim turar-joylarni tashkil qilgan. Mahalliy harbiy ittifoqlar tez-tez o'zgarib turdi, lekin monastir xristian madaniyati bardoshli bo'lib, muvaffaqiyatli missionerlarni Shotlandiyaga, Angliyaga va Shveytsariyaga yubordi.

Normanlar XII asrning boshlarida bostirib kirib, Angliyaning ta'sir doirasidagi Irlandiyaning noqulay pozitsiyasini o'rnatdilar. Gallar Irlandiyasi ular kirib kelgan o'ziga xos jamiyatga ega edilar, ular yangi kelganlarni lingvistik va madaniy jihatdan singdirishga moyil edilar. Irland tilida intensiv ravishda rivojlangan klassik an'analar rivojlanib, boy folklor madaniyati bilan mos keladigan noyob adabiyotni yaratdi. Normanlar o'zlari bilan ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan izdoshlarini olib kelishgan, ammo inglizlar uzoq vaqt marginal bo'lib qolishgan.

Irlandiya lordlari Elizabet davrining oxirigacha katta amaliy mustaqillikni saqlab qolishdi. Ingliz toji, Yelizaveta I timsolida, 16-asrning oxiriga kelib o'z kuchini o'rnatishga qat'iy urinib ko'rdi, qarshilikni kuchli shimoliy lordlar, ayniqsa Red Xyu O'Nil boshqarib turdi. Ularning mag'lubiyati ingliz er egalari tomonidan mahalliy elitani asta-sekin almashtirishni anglatardi.

Irlandiyalik jamiyat va madaniyat 17-da Kromvelli davrida eng jiddiy buzilgan^th asr, mahalliy rahbarlar Irlandiya mustaqilligini tiklashga urinishgan, ammo ichki kelishmovchilik tufayli zaiflashgan. Shunga qaramay, 18-asrda adabiy gullarni ko'rgan Irlandiya tili va madaniyati kuchli bo'lib qoldi. Ingliz tilini umumiy qabul qilish 19 ning ikkinchi yarmigacha sodir bo'lmadi^th asr, asosan bilingualizm natijasida.

1801 yil 1 yanvardan kuchga kirgan Ittifoq to'g'risidagi qonun - katoliklar, Irlandiya aholisining 90% parlamentdan chiqarildi - Irlandiya Birlashgan Qirollikka qo'shildi. Buyuk Britaniya esa sanoat inqilobining beshigi 18-19 asrlarda Irlandiya dehqonchilik qiladigan mamlakat bo'lib qoldi; millionlab irlandlar Buyuk Britaniya, Shimoliy Amerika va Avstraliyaga ko'chib ketishdi, u erda erkaklar ko'pincha mardikor, ayollar esa uy xizmatchilari sifatida ishladilar. Dastlab ular ko'pincha ingliz tilida kam gaplashishardi.

Irland millatchiligi XIX asrda kuchli bo'lib qoldi, ko'pincha ingliz tilida ifoda etilgan. 1840-yillardagi Buyuk ocharchilik tomonidan kuchaytirilgan, shuningdek, Irlandiyaning kartoshka ochligi deb nomlangan, ko'p odamlarni o'ldirgan va ko'chib ketish to'lqini keltirib chiqargan er egaligining yomonliklariga katta e'tibor qaratildi. Asr oxirida Gallar Uyg'onishi yuz berdi, nufuzli shahar ziyolilari irland millatining asosiy printsipi sifatida Gal madaniyatini modernizatsiya qilish va kengaytirish zarurligini ta'kidladilar. Keyinchalik ularning ba'zilari Angliya hukmronligiga qarshi qurolli qarshilik ko'rsatishda edilar. XVI asrdan boshlab turli darajadagi quvg'inlarga duchor bo'lgan katolik cherkovi endi qayta tashkil qilindi va mustahkamlandi. Bu irland millatchiligining kuchli elementi va ko'plab irland identifikatorlarining ramzi bo'ldi, garchi uning ta'siri keyingi 20-asrda susayishi kerak edi.

1900 yilga kelib Irlandiyada ingliz kelib chiqishi institutlari mustahkam o'rnashdi. Ingliz tili juda ko'pchilikning tili edi, ammo mahalliy lazzatga ega edi; bu o'zini dunyoga mashhur bo'lishi kerak bo'lgan adabiyotda his qildi. Irlandiyaliklar hali ham oz sonli ozchilik tomonidan etishtirilib, o'ziga xos zamonaviy adabiyotni yaratdilar.

Anglikalik bo'lmagan fuqarolik ishtiroki uchun ba'zi to'siqlar 1820-yillarda olib tashlangan edi, ammo 19-asrning ikkinchi yarmi va 20-asrning boshlarida Irlandiya uy boshqaruvi mavzusi Buyuk Britaniya parlamentidagi asosiy bahs edi. Bir nechta muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishlardan so'ng, 1914 yilda birinchi uy urushining boshlanishi muddatsiz qoldirilganiga qaramay, 1914 yilda "Uy qoidalari" to'g'risidagi qonun parlamentda qabul qilindi. 1916 yildagi Pasxa dushanba kuni bo'lib o'tgan isyon, Irlandiyaning Mustaqillik urushi (1919-1921) dan boshlab va Irlandiyadagi fuqarolar urushi (1922-1923) bilan davom etadigan ko'p yillik urushlar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan narsalarga ishora qildi.

Oxir oqibat, Irlandiyaning Ozod davlati deb nomlanuvchi Irlandiyaning 26 okrugining mustaqilligi bilan biroz barqaror vaziyat yuzaga keldi; Qolgan oltitasi, mamlakatning shimoliy-sharqida va qadimgi Olster viloyatining uchdan ikki qismidan iborat bo'lib, Buyuk Britaniyaning bir qismi bo'lib qoldi. 1949 yilda Irlandiya Erkin davlati "Irlandiya" ga aylandi, shuningdek Irlandiya Respublikasi deb nomlandi va Britaniya Hamdo'stligidan chiqib ketdi.

Irlandiyaning bo'linishdan keyingi tarixi ma'lum darajada zo'ravonlik bilan ajralib turdi. "Muammolar" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan davr, odatda 1960 yillarning oxirlarida boshlangan deb hisoblanib, Shimoliy Irlandiyani Buyuk Britaniyaning bir qismi sifatida saqlab qolish yoki uni respublikaga olib kirishni istagan qarama-qarshi harbiylashgan guruhlar o'rtasida katta qarama-qarshilikni ko'rdi. Muammolar janglarning shiddatliligida ko'p tushish va tushishlarni ko'rgan va hatto ba'zida Buyuk Britaniya va Evropaning qit'asida sodir etilgan terroristik hujumlar uchun javobgar bo'lgan. Ham Buyuk Britaniya, ham respublika hukumatlari barcha terroristik guruhlarga qarshi edi. Xayrli juma kuni kelishuvi deb nomlanuvchi tinchlik kelishuvi nihoyat 1998 yilda tasdiqlangan va amalga oshirilmoqda. Barcha belgilar ushbu shartnomani ushlab turishga ishora qiladi.

20-asrning aksariyat qismida nisbatan kambag'al mamlakat bo'lsa-da, Irlandiya 1973 yilda Evropa hamjamiyatiga qo'shildi (Buyuk Britaniya bilan bir vaqtda). 1990-yillarning o'rtalari va 2008-yillari o'rtasida Irlandiyada Evropaning eng boy mamlakatlaridan biriga aylangan ("Seltik yo'lbarsi" deb nomlangan) ulkan iqtisodiy o'sish kuzatildi. Biroq, Buyuk turg'unlik davrida mamlakat iqtisodiyotiga jiddiy zarba berildi, natijada ishsizlik va emigratsiya darajasi yuqori bo'ldi. 2014 yildan beri Irlandiya iqtisodiyoti tiklanmoqda va ko'plab ko'chib ketganlar qaytmoqda.

Irlandiya Respublikasi va Shimoliy Irlandiya

Tarixiy jihatdan, Irlandiya oroli 32 okrugdan iborat bo'lib, ulardan oltitasi, umumiy nomi bilan tanilgan Shimoliy Irlandiya, qismi bo'lib qolgan Birlashgan Qirollik chunki Irlandiyaning qolgan qismi 1922 yilda mustaqillikka erishgan. "Irlandiya" geografik atamasi umuman orolga taalluqlidir, ammo ingliz tilida mustaqil davlatning rasmiy nomi ham (ya'ni Buyuk Britaniyaning tarkibiga kirmagan 26 okrug). , 1937 yildan beri. Mamlakatni umuman oroldan ajratish uchun, ba'zida Irlandiya Respublikasining ta'rifi (Irlandiya: Poblacht na hÉireann) ishlatilgan. "Butun Irlandiya" atamasi butun orolni, xususan butun orol xalqaro miqyosda yagona birlashgan jamoa tomonidan namoyish etiladigan sport turlarini birma-bir ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Irlandiya va Buyuk Britaniya hukumatlari o'rtasidagi Xayrli Juma kelishuvi doirasida barcha Shimoliy Irlandiya fuqarolari faqat Buyuk Britaniya yoki faqat Irlandiya fuqarosi bo'lishni tanlash huquqiga ega bo'lganidek, ikki tomonlama Britaniya va Irlandiya fuqaroligini olish huquqiga ega.

Biroq, yo'l qoplamasi va yo'l belgilaridagi o'zgarishlardan tashqari, ehtimol Shimoliy Irlandiyaning oltita okrugi va Irlandiya Respublikasi o'rtasidagi chalkash va tez-tez qorong'i xalqaro chegarani kesib o'tishda juda katta farqni sezmaysiz. Shunga qaramay, bitta muhim farq shundaki, Shimoliy Irlandiyada yo'l belgilari milga, Irlandiya Respublikasida esa kilometrlarga to'g'ri keladi. Spot tekshiruvlari bundan mustasno, rasmiy chegara belgilari yoki boshqaruv elementlari mavjud emas.

Irlandiya Respublikasidagi pul birligi evro, Shimoliy Irlandiyada esa Buyuk Britaniyaning bir qismi sifatida funt sterling hisoblanadi, shuning uchun chegarani kesib o'tishdan oldin evroni funtga almashtiring.

Iqlim

Umuman olganda, Irlandiyada yumshoq, ammo o'zgaruvchan okeanik iqlimi bor, unchalik katta bo'lmagan. Irlandiyada siz haqiqatan ham "bir kunda to'rt faslni" boshdan kechirishingiz mumkin, shuning uchun tegishli narsalarni yig'ing va eng so'nggi ob-havo ma'lumotidan xabardor bo'ling. Ob-havodan qat'i nazar, bu mahalliy aholi o'rtasida suhbat mavzusi bo'lishini kuting.

Mamlakat shimolidan janubigacha bo'lgan haroratda biroz farq borligini, g'arbda sharqqa nisbatan ko'proq yomg'ir yog'ayotganini sezishingiz mumkin.

Qishning o'rtacha kunlik harorati 4 ° C dan 7 ° C gacha, yozgi o'rtacha kunlik harorat esa 14,5 ° C dan 16 ° C gacha o'zgarib turadi. Harorat kamdan-kam 25 ° C dan oshadi va kamdan -5 ° C dan past bo'ladi.

Irlandiyaga tashrif buyurganingizdan qat'i nazar, yozning o'rtalarida ham, ehtimol siz yomg'irni boshdan kechirasiz, shuning uchun ochiq havoda bo'lishni istasangiz, suv o'tkazmaydigan ko'ylagi tavsiya etiladi.

Bayramlar

Irlandiyalik ismlar qavs bilan yozilgan.

• 1 yanvar: Yangi yil kuni (Lá Caille) yoki (La na Bliana Nua)
• 17 mart: Avliyo Patrik kuni (Lá Fhile Pádraig)
• Gregorian taqvimi bo'yicha mart yoki aprel: Pasxa (An Shasi)
• May, iyun va avgust oylarining birinchi dushanba kunlari: May bayrami, iyun bayrami, avgust bayrami (Lá Saire i my Bealtaine, Lá Saoire i my Mheithimh, Lá Saoire i my Luínasa)
• Oktyabrning so'nggi dushanbasi: Oktyabr bayrami (La Saoire i my Dheireadh Fómhair) yoki (La Saire Oíche Shamhna)
• 25 dekabr: Rojdestvo (Lá Nollag)
• 26 dekabr: Sent-Stiven kuni (Lá Fhile Stiofáin)

Gapir

Shuningdek qarang: Irlandiyalik so'zlashuv kitobi, Ingliz tilidagi navlar

Deyarli har bir kishi o'zlarining birinchi tili sifatida ingliz tilida gaplashadi, garchi ko'pincha irlandlar ta'sirini aks ettiradigan tarzda. Irlandiyalik yokiIrland galigi (Gaeilge) konstitutsiyaga muvofiq birinchi rasmiy tildir. Kelt tillari oilasining Geydelic filialiga mansub va ingliz tilidan juda farq qiladi.

Irlandiyaliklarning asosiy lahjalari Olster, Myunster va Konnaxt provinsiyalaridir (oxirgisi sharq tomon Leinstergacha cho'zilgan markaziy lahja). Ulster lahjasi eng ko'p Shotlandiya Gal tili bilan umumiydir. Agar irland tilini "galcha" deb atasangiz, ba'zi irlandiyaliklar xafa bo'lishlari mumkin, chunki bu kelt tillarining irland, manks va shotland tillarini o'z ichiga olgan butun filialiga tegishli. Bunga oddiygina "irland" yoki "irland tili" deb murojaat qiling.

Hali ham minglab ravon irland tilida so'zlashuvchilar mavjud, ularning barchasi ikki tilli. Ulardan ba'zilari ma'lum bo'lgan uzoq (va odatda tabiiy) qishloq joylarida an'anaviy ona tilida so'zlashuvchilar Gaeltachtaí. Hozir ularning soni Dublinda juda ko'p bo'lgan va ko'pincha yosh, o'rta sinf va yaxshi ma'lumotga ega bo'lgan shaharlik Irlandiyalik ma'ruzachilarga qaraganda ko'proq. Irlandiyalik ma'ruzachilarga bir qator radiostantsiyalar, onlayn gazeta, ko'plab bloglar va innovatsion televizion stantsiya (TG4) xizmat qiladi. Ularda ta'sirchan zamonaviy adabiyot va har yili mashhur deb tanilgan san'at festivali mavjud Oireachtas.

Irland tili respublikadagi asosiy ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan maktablarda majburiy til bo'lib, Irlandiyaning ba'zi universitetlariga kirish uchun talab qilinadi. Respublikadagi odamlarning taxminan 40% (taxminan 150000) odamlar bu tilni bilishini talab qilmoqdalar, ammo mohir ma'ruzachilarning haqiqiy soni 300000 ga yaqin (aholining taxminan 7%).

Shunga qaramay, Irlandiyada sayohat qilishda duch keladigan yagona til ingliz tildir. Bu shuni anglatadiki, mehmonlar odatdagi irland tilida so'zlashuvchilarni o'zlarining madaniyati bilan rivojlangan (unchalik ham ravshan emas) butun mamlakat bo'ylab topish mumkinligini bilishmaydi. Bunday ma'ruzachilar odatda ingliz tilini begonalar huzurida ishlatishadi, ammo irlandiyaliklarning aksariyati bu tilni o'z madaniyatining ajralmas qismi deb bilishadi.

Ko'p joy nomlari va shaxsiy ismlar irland tilida bo'lganligi sababli, irlandcha talaffuz haqidagi ba'zi bir bilimlar chet elliklar uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin va hatto irland tilini yaxshi bilmaydigan mahalliy aholi ham irlandcha so'zlarni qanday talaffuz qilishni bilishadi.

Irland tilidagi bir nechta so'zlarni o'rganishni istagan sayyohlar, ular salomlashish yoki shunga o'xshash iborani o'rganayotganiga amin bo'lishlari bilan, qasam ichishga o'rgatishlari bilan hazilga tushishlari mumkin.

Irlandiyada ham, ingliz tilida ham bir necha xil aksanlar bilan gaplashiladi va Shimoliy Irlandiyadan kimningdir respublikadan kelganini farqlash oson. Siz hatto ko'pincha Irlandiya Respublikasidagi turli shaharlarni (masalan, Dublin va Kork) farqlashingiz mumkin. Urg'u ijtimoiy sinfga qarab ham farq qiladi, xususan Dublin shahrida siz yuqori sinf va ishchi sinflarining alohida aksentlarini ko'rasiz.

Shuni esda tutish kerakki, ko'plab irlandlar Buyuk Britaniya yoki Shimoliy Amerikadan kelganlarga qaraganda ingliz tilida juda tez gapirishadi. Irlandiyada ba'zi so'zlar turlicha va turli xil ma'nolarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, hiberno-ingliz tilida "halokatli" odatda "xavfli" o'rniga "salqin" yoki "dahshatli" degan ma'noni anglatadi, (masalan, "bu o'lik" "ajoyib" degan ma'noni anglatadi). Irlandiyalik qarz so'zlari va iboralar hiberno-ingliz tilida ham keng tarqalgan.

Kundalik o'zaro munosabatlarda irlandiyalik do'stlar va munosabatlar tayyor bo'lmagan sayyohlarni hayratga soladigan (agar tashvishlantirmasa) suhbat tarzida qatnashadilar. "Tantanali" deb nomlanuvchi haqorat, pastga tushirish yoki yonboshlash - bu mehr-muhabbatni ko'rsatishga qaratilgan juda nozik san'at turidir. Hammasi vaqt va ohangda, agar siz yaxshi kayfiyatda bo'lmasangiz, bunga urinmang. Yuqori ruhiy va do'stona masxara, shuningdek, deb nomlanadi kulgili va odatda spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish bilan ajralib turolmaydi.

Chiqinglar

Agar uy hayvonlari bilan sayohat qilsangiz, tekshiring Qoidalar. Evropa materikida keng tarqalgan ba'zi kasalliklar Irlandiyada yo'q.

Viza talablari

“	Maslahat bering / pasportimning yashil ranglari / Qirolichaga tost tushirish uchun biron bir qadah ham ko'tarilmagan	”
—Simus Xeni (1939-2013) Shimoliy Irlandiyadan edi, ammo u inglizlar emas, irlandlar ekanligi aniqlandi.

Irlandiya Evropa Ittifoqining a'zosi, ammo Shengen hududiga kirmaydi, shuning uchun immigratsiya bo'yicha alohida nazoratni amalga oshiradi. Odatda quyidagi qoidalar qo'llaniladi:

• Evropa Ittifoqi va EEA mamlakatlari va Shveytsariya fuqarolari faqat haqiqiy shaxsiy guvohnoma yoki pasport talab qilishadi va ularga viza kerak emas. Ko'pgina hollarda, ular Irlandiyada ishlash va yashash uchun cheksiz huquqlarga ega.
• "Umumiy sayohat zonasi" fuqarolari nazariy jihatdan Irlandiyaga kirish uchun pasportga muhtoj emaslar, ammo amalda ular parvoz yoki paromga chiqish uchun bitta pasport ko'rsatishlari kerak; quruqlik chegarasida muntazam tekshiruvlar mavjud emas. CTA Irlandiya, Buyuk Britaniya, Kanal orollari va Man orolidir va kelishuvlar o'zaro bog'liqdir. Ammo boshqa davlatlarning fuqarolari o'z majburiyatlaridan qochib, Buyuk Britaniyaga kirib, qo'riqlanmaydigan quruqlik chegarasini kesib o'tmoqdalar - siz Irlandiyaga kirish huquqiga ega bo'lishingiz kerak, xuddi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri uchib ketganingiz kabi. Britaniya fuqarolari Irlandiyada erkin yashashi va ishlashi mumkin.
• Ko'pgina mamlakatlarning fuqarolari 90 kungacha tashrif buyurish uchun vizasiz kirishlari mumkin. 2020 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab ushbu mamlakatlar Andorra, Antigua va Barbuda, Argentina, Avstraliya, Bagama orollari, Barbados, Beliz, Boliviya, Botsvana, Braziliya, Bruney, Kanada, Chili, Kosta-Rika, Xorvatiya, Dominika, Salvador, Esvatini, Fidji. , Grenada, Gvatemala, Gayana, Gonduras, Gonkong SAR, Isroil, Yaponiya, Kiribati, Lesoto, Makao SAR, Malavi, Malayziya, Maldiv orollari, Mavrikiy, Meksika, Monako, Nauru, Yangi Zelandiya, Nikaragua, Panama, Paragvay, Sent-Kits. va Nevis, Sent-Lyusiya, Sent-Vinsent va Grenadinlar, Samoa, San-Marino, Seyshel orollari, Singapur, Solomon orollari, Janubiy Afrika, Janubiy Koreya, Tayvan, Tonga, Trinidad va Tobago, Tuvalu, AQSh, Urugvay, Vanuatu, Vatikan va Venesuela, shuningdek, Britaniya milliy (chet elda) pasportlari egalari. Qabul qilish muddati immigratsiya bo'yicha mutaxassis tomonidan kirish portida belgilanadi, ammo agar kerak bo'lsa, to'liq 90 kungacha uzaytirilishi mumkin. Vizasiz kirgan chet elliklar, shuningdek, kirish vaqtini kirishdan keyin, lekin qabulning dastlabki davrida va maqsadga muvofiq ravishda uzaytirishi mumkin. Odatda uzoqroq yashash, ish va boshqa mamlakatlar fuqarolari oldindan vizalarni talab qilishadi.
• Boshqa mamlakatlar fuqarolari tekshirishlari kerak vizalar ro'yxatlari Irlandiyada Tashqi ishlar bo'limi. Sayyohlik vizalariga ariza berish jarayoni juda sodda va Irlandiyaning fuqarolikni rasmiylashtirish va immigratsiya xizmati tomonidan batafsil bayon etilgan veb-sayt. Turistik vizalarni har qanday sharoitda o'tgan 90 kunga uzaytirish mumkin emas.

Samolyotda

O'zingizning yaxshiroq hukmingizga qarshi havoda yuring - Seamus Heaney epitafiyasi

Irlandiyada uchta yirik xalqaro aeroport mavjud: Dublin (DUB ^IATA), Shennon (SNN ^IATA) ichida Klar okrugiva Cork (ORK ^IATA). Dublin AQSh, Kanada, Buyuk Britaniya, Evropa va Yaqin Sharqdagi ko'plab shaharlarga parvozlar bilan eng katta va eng yaxshi aloqadir. Limerik shahriga yaqin Shannon AQSh, Kanada, Yaqin Sharq, Buyuk Britaniya va Evropaga parvozlarni amalga oshiradi. Cork Buyuk Britaniyaning aksariyat yo'nalishlariga va Evropaning turli xil shaharlariga parvoz qiladi. Yozda ularning barchasi Evropaning atrofidagi dam olish joylariga qo'shimcha parvozlarni amalga oshiradilar.

Shuningdek, ichki va Buyuk Britaniyada kamroq uchadigan uchta kichik aeroport mavjud: Donegal (CFN ^IATA), Kerri (KIR ^IATA) va Irlandiya West Knock (MOQ ^IATA) ichida Mayo okrugi. Sligo va Waterford singari boshqalar qisqa gullashdi, keyin yopildi.

Shimoliy Irlandiyaning uchta aeroporti respublika bilan chegaraga yaqin joylashgan. Ular Derri Siti aeroporti (LDY ^IATA) va ikkita Belfast aeroporti, Siti (BHD ^IATA) va xalqaro (BFS ^IATA).

Irlandiyaning ikkita yirik aviakompaniyasi Aer Lingus va Ryanair. Byudjet obro'siga ega bo'lgan Ryanair bo'lsa ham, ularning raqobati an'anaviy bayroq tashuvchisi Aer Lingusni shunga o'xshash narxlarga majbur qildi (masalan, bagaj uchun to'lovlar), ayniqsa qisqa muddatli parvozlar uchun. Shunday qilib, sizning go'yo arzon parvozingiz sizni derazadan ikki marta qarash kabi mayda-chuyda narsalarni qidirib topadimi yoki yo'qligini shubha bilan tekshiring.

Poyezdda

Enterprise Train Belfast Lanyon Place (aka Central) va Dublin Connolly o'rtasida Portadown, Newry, Dundalk va Drogheda orqali har soat yoki ikki soat davomida qatnaydi, 2 soat 15 daqiqa vaqt talab qilinadi.

Parom marshrutlari uchun pastga qarang; Rosslare suzib yurishlari Dublin Connolly-ga poezdlar bilan bog'lanadi.

Avtobusda

Avtobuslar Belfast, Dublin aeroporti va Dublin Busaras o'rtasida asosiy avtostansiya o'rtasida soatiga 3 soat davom etadi. Boshqa transchegaraviy marshrutlar Dublin va Derri, Belfast va Monaghan, va Belfast va Enniskillen o'rtasida Sligo va Galway bilan bog'langan. Mahalliy transchegaraviy avtobuslar uchun alohida shaharlarni ko'ring, masalan, Derridan ajoyib nomdagi Muff qishlog'iga 7 millik sayohat.

Flixbus Evropa bo'ylab kontinental avtobuslarning asosiy operatori hisoblanadi. Siz Irlandiyaga chiptani sotib olishingiz mumkin, ammo London Viktoriya-da o'zgarishni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin.

Qayiqda

Buyuk Britaniya, Frantsiya va Ispaniyadan Irlandiyaga paromlar qatnaydi. Ularning hammasi transport vositalarini olib ketishadi, chunki yuk tashish ularning biznesining asosiy qismidir va salonda yashashni taklif qiladi. Jamoat transportida har doim temir yo'l / avtobus va feribot orqali chiptalarni qidirib toping, chunki ular alohida chiptalarga qaraganda ancha arzon va ulanishga e'tibor bering.

• Dublinda paromlar bor Holyhead shimoliy Uelsda Stena liniyasi va Irlandiya feribotlari (3 soat 30 min), Bootle yaqinidan "Liverpul" tomonidan P&O (8 soat) va yozda Duglasdan, Men oroli tomonidan IOM Steam Packet Company (3 soat 30 min). Rotterdam va Zeebrugge yo'nalishlaridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri paromlar faqat yuk va ularning yuk tashuvchilariga mo'ljallangan.
• Rosslarda Uelsning janubiy qismidan 3 soat 30 min. Dan ketayotgan paromlar bor Baliqni himoya qilish Stena Line va undan Pembrok Irish Feribotlari tomonidan. Stena ham suzib ketadi Cherbourg Frantsiyaning shimoli-g'arbida (18 soat). Yozda Bretan Feribotlari Bilbaodan suzib ketishadi. Dublinga boradigan poezdlar va avtobuslar Rosslaredagi paromlar bilan bog'lanadi.
• Corkda yozda Cherbourgdan paromlar bor.
• Shimoliy Irlandiyaga suzib borish ham qulay bo'lishi mumkin: Belfast va Larnada Kairnryandan paromlar bor Stranraer Shotlandiyada.
• Shimoliy Irlandiyadan ikkita parom suzib ketmoqda: Dundalk yaqinidagi Carlingford Lou bo'ylab va Donegal okrugidagi Lou Foyl orqali. Quyidagi "Atrofga o'ting" ga qarang, chunki ular yo'l tarmog'ida samarali yoriqlar.

Umumiy sayohat zonasi

Buyuk Britaniya fuqarolari hech qanday pasportisiz Irlandiyaga va Buyuk Britaniyada bo'lmagan Buyuk Britaniyaning orollariga erkin sayohat qilishlari mumkinligi to'g'risida uzoq vaqtdan beri mavjud bo'lgan norasmiy kelishuv mavjud. va aksincha. Bu Shimoliy Irlandiya va respublika o'rtasidagi quruqlik chegarasida hech qanday nazorat o'rnatilmasligini anglatuvchi 1998 yildagi Xayrli Juma shartnomasida mustahkamlangan. Barcha tomonlar doimiy ravishda respublika Evropa Ittifoqi tarkibiga kirsa ham, Shimoliy Irlandiya bo'lmasada, buni davom ettirish kerakligini ta'kidladilar. Shuningdek, ayrim vizalarning o'zaro tan olinishi mavjud. Ushbu kelishuvlar Umumiy sayohat zonasi (CTA) deb nomlanadi va Irlandiya Respublikasi, Buyuk Britaniya (Shimoliy Irlandiyani o'z ichiga oladi), Man oroli, Jersi va Gernsi (Alderney va Sarkni o'z ichiga oladi) uchun amal qiladi. Bu Gibraltar kabi Britaniyaning xorijdagi hududlariga taalluqli emas.

Amalda, xavfsizlik tekshiruvlari CTA ichidan ham Irlandiyaga (shu jumladan Shimoliy Irlandiyaga) parvozga chiqish uchun pasport yoki unga tenglashtirilgan milliy guvohnomani ko'rsatishingiz kerakligini anglatadi. Feribotlar kamroq izchil, ammo bunga ehtiyoj seziladi. Haydovchilik guvohnomasi kabi boshqa fotosurat identifikatori buni amalga oshirmaydi, garchi bu Irlandiyalik immigratsiya uchun ma'qul bo'lsa ham - aviakompaniyalar noqonuniy yo'lovchilarni qo'nish uchun shunday qattiq jarimaga tortiladiki, agar ular shubhangiz bo'lsa, sizni reysdan chetlatish xavfsizroq bo'ladi. Sizga pasportingizni ko'rsatmasdan sayohat qilish huquqiga ega ekanligingizni tasdiqlash uchun pasportingizni ko'rsatishingiz kerak - Irlandiyaga xush kelibsiz!

Agar siz qo'riqlanmaydigan quruqlik chegarasini kesib o'tgan bo'lsangiz, o'zingizning huquqingiz borligini tekshirishingiz va tegishli hujjatlarni o'zingiz bilan olib yurishingiz kerak. (Va avtoulovni sug'urtalash / ijaraga berish to'g'risidagi shartnomangiz haqiqiyligini tekshiring.) Agar keyinroq siz yaroqsiz deb topilgan bo'lsangiz, jarimaga tortilish va deportatsiya qilish xavfi mavjud.

Britaniyaga kirish huquqiga ega bo'lgan aksariyat mehmonlar xuddi shu shartlar bilan Irlandiyaga kirish huquqiga ega va ba'zi jihatdan CTA "mini-Shengen" dir. Agar sizning 90 kunlik yashashingiz tugasa, u holda ikki mamlakat o'rtasida oldinga va orqaga harakatlanish soatni qayta boshlamaydi. (Haqiqatan ham, boshqa joyga qisqa muddatli sayohat bunday qilmasligi mumkin: immigratsiya bu kabi nayranglarni juda yaxshi biladi va agar u sizning o'yiningiz deb hisoblasa, sizning asl yashash muddatingizni uzaytirmaydi.) Irlandiyaga sayohatchilar odatda Buyuk Britaniyaning aeroportlarida Buyuk Britaniyaga ehtiyoj sezmasdan tranzit bilan o'tishlari mumkin. muvofiqlik, lekin kim buni quruqlikda amalga oshirishi mumkinligi haqida cheklovlar mavjud, masalan, Xitrou va Stensted aeroportlari o'rtasida (Shengenga o'xshab, siz Parijda havo yo'lidan tranzit qilishingiz mumkin, ammo Amsterdamdan uchib ketish uchun quruqlikka borish uchun Evropa Ittifoqi vizasi kerak bo'lishi mumkin). Ammo Shengen vizasi yoki huquqi ushbu mamlakatlarning barchasida bir xil amal qilsa-da, bu CTA uchun bunday emas. Shunday qilib, Xitoy va Hindiston fuqarolariga berilgan vizalarning o'zaro tan olinishi mavjud, ammo boshqalarga har tomonlama emas. Shengenning asosiy farqlaridan biri shundaki, CTA - bu qonunda yozilmagan siyosiy kelishuvlarning norasmiy to'plami, shuning uchun rivojlanayotgan qoidalar va istisnolarni kuzatib borish qiyin, va agar ba'zi bir merosxo'rlar ro'yxatga olish xodimi boshqacha talqin qilsa, siz juda kam murojaat qilasiz .

Atrofga boring

Mashinada

Irlandiyada ko'plab avtoulovlarni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar mavjud va siz ularni shaharlarda yoki aeroportlarda qabul qilishingiz mumkin, garchi aeroportda olib ketish qimmatga tushsa. Irlandiyalik avtoulovlarni ijaraga berish bo'yicha agentliklarning aksariyati siz mashinani ijaraga olganingizda, to'qnashuv oqibatida sug'urta qoplamasini (masalan, kredit karta bilan) qabul qilmaydi.

Irlandiyada ko'p sonli aylanma yo'llar mavjud. Ba'zida AQShda ishlatilgan "transport doiralari" dan farqli o'laroq, aylanma yo'lda harakatlanish, unga kiruvchi trafik ustidan o'tish huquqiga ega.

Karvon

O'zingizning g'ildiraklaringiz bilan dam olish - bu Irlandiyada mashhur va juda yoqimli tajriba. Ob-havo juda tez o'zgarishi mumkinligi sababli, siz Evropaning bu burchagida tezda haydab ketayotganda, boshpana afzalliklariga ega bo'lasiz. Karvon parklari odatda barcha sayyohlik joylariga yaqin joylashgan. Biroq, ko'plab karvon parklari faqat asosiy sayyohlik mavsumida ishlaydi, odatda aprel oyining boshidan sentyabr oyining oxirigacha deb hisoblanadi. Yo'l chetida yoki karvon parki bo'lmagan boshqa joylarda tunashga umuman yo'l qo'yilmaydi va ko'plab joylarda biron bir lager yoki karvonning oldini olish uchun tegishli qonunosti hujjatlari ko'rsatilgan. Karvon bilan sayohat qilishdan oldin ba'zi rejalashtirishlarni amalga oshirishga arziydi, chunki ko'pgina asosiy bo'lmagan yo'llar bu kichik yo'llarning torligi va umumiy holati tufayli karvonlarga yoki karvonlarga yaxshi mos kelmaydi. Asosiy yo'llar va milliy marshrutlar ushbu transport vositalariga juda mos keladi. Da keltirilgan tasdiqlangan karvon parklarining ro'yxati mavjud Camping-Ireland veb-sayti.

Taksilar

Irlandiyadagi taksilar haydovchi va yo'lovchilar eshiklarida yashil va ko'k rangli dekallarga "TAXI" so'zi, taksilar litsenziyasi raqami va Irlandiya logotipi uchun transport vositasi tushirilgan bo'ladi. Ushbu dekallar 2013 yil yanvar oyidan boshlab bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirilmoqda va barcha taksilarda hali ham bo'lmaydi.

Taksini bron qilish uchun oldindan qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz tavsiya etiladi. Siz turgan mehmonxona, yotoqxona yoki yotoq va nonushta odatda ular bilan yaqin hamkorlik qilgan taksi kompaniyasiga qo'ng'iroq qiladi. Dublin, Belfast va Cork ko'chalarida taksilarni olib ketish juda oson bo'lishi mumkin, ammo kichik shahar va shaharchalarda sayr qilayotgan ko'chalarni topish qiyinroq bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun tez-tez bitta telefonga qo'ng'iroq qilish yaxshi bo'ladi. 4 soat oldin yoki 30 daqiqa oldin bo'lishidan qat'iy nazar, iloji bo'lsa, taksi kompaniyasiga oldindan qo'ng'iroq qilish va ularni qabul qilish uchun vaqt berish tavsiya etiladi. Sizning mehmonxonangiz bilan bir xil taksi kompaniyasi bilan ishlang va agar bir nechta to'xtash joyi bo'lsa, ularga oxirgi manzilingizni xabar bering. Shuningdek, ularga telefon orqali aloqa telefon raqamini berishingiz kerak bo'ladi, shuning uchun pullik telefondan qo'ng'iroq qilsangiz, ular sizning taksiga bo'lgan da'voni rad etishlariga tayyor bo'ling. The average waiting time may be anywhere from 5 to 30 minutes depending on demand and time of day. All taxis in the Republic of Ireland operate on a National Fare basis, so the price should be relatively easy to calculate. For more information, see the Commission of Taxi Regulation website. Always ensure that the taxi you use has a meter, and that it is used for the duration of your journey.

Rules of the road and road user etiquette

The rules of the road in Ireland are similar to those of the United Kingdom: drive on the left and yield to the right at a roundabout. The most noticeable difference is that distances and speed limits are displayed in kilometres in the Republic. This can be confusing to anyone travelling across the border from Northern Ireland, which, like the rest of the Buyuk Britaniya, uses miles and miles per hour. The legal blood-alcohol limit is low, although one of the highest by European standards, so it may be best to abstain. It is legal to temporarily use the hard shoulder to allow a faster moving vehicle to overtake you, but this manoeuvre is not allowed on a motorway.

Drivers often 'thank' each other by flashing their hazard lights or waving, but this is purely a convention. In smaller towns and villages, vehicles will often slow or stop to allow other road users and pedestrians to cross or otherwise maneuvre on the road. Again this is a convention based on Irish cordiality rather than a legal requirement. Road signs in the Republic are nominally bilingual, with place names displayed in Irish in italics, with the corresponding English name in capitals immediately below. In the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas, road signs are written in Irish only.

There are four types of road classification in Ireland. They are:

Sign	Sign Colour	Prefix	Sinf	Max Speed Limit	Izohlar
	White on blue	M	Motorways
	White/sariq on green	N	National routes		Primary routes use numbers 1 - 50. Secondary routes use numbers 51 .
	Black on white	R	Regional roads
	Black on white	L	Local roads		Rarely marked, although signage is improving.

Speed limits are defaults for the road classification only — if a different speed limit is signed, it must be obeyed. Urban areas generally have a 50 km/h speed limit.

Ireland has an extensive motorway network centred on Dublin. Most motorways in the Republic have some tolled sections. Tolls are low by French or Italian standards, and vary from €1.40 (M3) to €3.10 (M50), depending on which motorway you are travelling on. Tolls are displayed a few kilometres from the plaza. The only tolled road that accepts credit cards is the M4 between Kilcock and Kinnegad. All others (except the M50) are euro cash only, so take care if you're arriving from the North via the M1. The M50 is barrier free and accepts no cash. Cameras are on overhead gantries between Junctions 6 & 7 which read your number plate. If you have registered before online or by phone €2.60 will be taken from your credit card. If you have not registered, you must go to a Payzone branded outlet and pay the toll there. This option costs €3.10.

The main motorways are as below (with toll charges being relevant for private cars only):

Motorway	Route	Toll
	Dublin to Northern Ireland, towards Belfast	Drogheda bypass section, €1.90
	Dublin to Ashbourne, towards Derry	None
	Dublin to Cavan	Entire route, 2 tolls each of €1.40
	Dublin to Mullingar, towards Sligo	Kilcock to Kinnegad section, €2.90
	Junction 11 with the M4 to Galway, although there is a gap in the middle which is only a dual carriageway	Between junction 15 (Ballinasloe West) and junction 16 (Loughrea), €1.90
	Dublin to Limerick	Portlaoise to Castletown section, €1.90
	Junction 19 with the M7 to Cork	Fermoy bypass section, €1.90
	Junction 11 with the M7 to Waterford	None
	Dublin to Wexford along the east coast	None
	Junction 18 with the M6 to Tuam	None
	Limerick to Galway	None
	Limerick towards Cork; only a small section near Limerick has been built	None
	Dublin Port to Shankill, bypassing Dublin City by going in an orbital ring around.	Between N3 & N4 junctions: max €3.10. eflow.ie Dublin Port Tunnel, €3 - €10. dublintunnel.ie

There are numerous routes of high quality dual carriageway, which are very near motorway standard; Dublin-Wicklow, Sligo-Collooney (Sligo), Mullingar-Athlone, and Cork-Middleton (Waterford).

Lesser roads are in many parts poorly signposted, the only indication of what route to take often being a finger-sign at the junction itself. The road surfaces can be very poor on the lesser used R & L numbered routes.

Driving on regional and local roads in Ireland requires etiquette, courtesy and nerves of steel. Roads are generally narrow with little to no shoulder or room for error. Sight lines can be limited or non-existent until you are partway into the road. Caution should be taken when entering onto the roadway as well as when driving along it, with the understanding that around the next turn may be another motorist partway into the road. This is especially true in rural areas. Parking along the road, farm animals, as well as large lorries or machinery may also appear around the bend and be the cause for quick thinking or braking. It is not unusual for oncoming cars to navigate to a wide spot in the road to pass each other. On the other hand, when driving slower than following cars, it is common for drivers to allow others to pass or signal if the way is clear. Calculating driving time can be slower than expectations, due to the large increase in motorists and road conditions/hazards.

Speed limits

As mentioned above, speed limits in Ireland are in kilometres per hour. When crossing the border from Northern Ireland into the Republic of Ireland, on main roads, you can expect to see a large sign announcing that speed limits are given in kilometres per hour and all speed limit signs have the text "km/h" on them to remind drivers. Northern Ireland, as well as the rest of the UK has speed limits in miles per hour.

Local Councils may apply other limits in specific areas as required. Also, when roads are being maintained or worked upon in some way, the limit may be temporarily changed.

Car rental companies

Avtomobil ijarasi companies are plentiful, with all major airports and cities well catered for. The ports of Rosslare and Dún Laoghaire are served by Hertz and Dan Dooley respectively. As elsewhere, the main driver needs a credit card in their own name and a full driver's licence for a minimum of two years without endorsement. Most rental companies apply a minimum age of 25; many require you be 28 to rent a full-size car. Rentals include minimum insurance which covers the car, leaving a deductible owed in the case of an accident. At additional cost, Super Damage Waiver (SDW) can reduce this deductible to zero.

If renting a vehicle registered before 2008, the car may have a speedometer in miles per hour, as kilometres per hour were only introduced in Ireland in 2008.

Quite a number of companies offer campervans for hire.

Poyezdda

Shuningdek qarang: Rail travel in Ireland

With the exception of the Enterprise service to Belfast, all trains in Ireland are operated by the state-run Irish Rail, usually known by its Irish name, Iarnród Éireann. Most trains run to and from Dublin. Enormous expenditure on modernising the state-owned Irish Rail system is ongoing, including the introduction of many new trains. The frequency and speed of services is being considerably increased, especially on the Dublin-Cork line. If you book on-line for Intercity travel, be aware that there may be a cheaper fare option available to you at the office in the station itself. Not all special rates, e.g. for families, are available on line. The Irish network is less dense than elsewhere in Europe, and speeds are slower, with few lines being electrified, but where trains do go, they are a good option - especially when travelling to and from Dublin.

Advance booking can result in big savings and booking can be made a month in advance, e.g. an adult return between Kerry and Dublin can cost €75 if booked for the next day but can cost as little as €20 - 30 if booked in advance. Pay notice to major sporting and entertainment events in Dublin that are taking place throughout the summer months, as any travel coinciding with such events could be both costlier and less plentiful.

There are two main stations in Dublin - Connolly Station (for trains to Belfast, Sligo and Rosslare) and Heuston Station (for trains to Cork, Limerick, Ennis, Tralee, Killarney, Galway, Westport, Kilkenny and Waterford.)

In Northern Ireland, almost all services are operated by (Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) the only mainline railway in the United Kingdom not privatized in the 1990s, but for train travel to Belfast you can buy your ticket online at Irish Rail.

In the Dublin city area the electrified DART (qisqartmasi Dublin Area Rapid Transit) coastal railway travels from Malahide and the Howth peninsula in the North to Bray and Greystones in Co. Wicklow via Dún Laoghaire and Dublin city centre. An interchange with main line services and the Luas Red line is available at Dublin Connolly.

Avtobusda

Bus is the predominant form of public transport across Ireland. Urban bus networks operate within the five cities and ten of the larger towns, while a comprehensive network of regional, commuter and rural services provide service to most parts of the country. Express intercity services connect the main cities and towns with each other, while tour operators run buses from the cities to most large tourist attractions away from the cities.

Cities and towns

Urban bus networks operate in the following cities:

• Dublin - An extensive urban bus network with over 100 routes operates across the city and its surrounding suburbs. All cross-city and city centre-bound routes are operated by Dublin Bus, while local routes in suburban areas are operated by Go-Ahead Ireland, although both operators share a common fare structure and ticketing system. Buses run every 10 to 15 minutes along all main routes, and less frequently on other routes. Two routes (15 and 41) operate a 24 hour service, while a number of late night routes also run at the weekends.
• Cork - Bus Éireann operate a city network with over 20 routes. The busiest cross-city routes run every 10 to 15 minutes, while one cross-city route (220) operates a 24 hour service. [1]
• Galway - Bus Éireann operate a city network of six routes, with the busiest running every 15 to 20 minutes throughout the day. [2]
• Limerick - Bus Éireann operate a city network of nine routes, with the busiest running every 15 to 20 minutes throughout the day. [3]
• Waterford - Bus Éireann operate a city network of five routes (W1 to W5), as well as route 360 to Tramore. All routes run every 20 or 30 minutes throughout the day. [4]

Town bus services operate in the following towns:

• Athlone - Bus Éireann operate two cross-town routes, A1 and A2, every 30 minutes. [5]
• Balbriggan - Bus Éireann operate the town service route B1 every 20 minutes. [6]
• Cavan - Local Link operate three cross-town routes, C1, C2 and C3. [7]^{[o'lik havola]}
• Drogheda - Bus Éireann operate three town service routes. Routes D1 and D2 operate every 15 minutes between Drogheda, Bettystown and Laytown, while route 173 operates every hour around the northside and southside of the town. [8]
• Dundalk - Bus Éireann operate town service route 174, every 30 minutes. [9]
• Monaghan - Local Link operate two cross-town routes, M1 and M2. [10]^{[o'lik havola]}
• Kilkenny - City Direct operate two cross town routes, KK1 and KK2, every 30 minutes. [11]
• Navan - Bus Éireann operate three town service routes, 110A, 110B and 110C. [12]
• Sligo - Bus Éireann operate two town service routes. Route S1 runs north-south across the town every 30 minutes, while route S2 runs to Strandhill and Rosses Point every hour. [13]
• Wexford - Wexford Bus operate two town loop routes, WX1 and WX2, every 30-40 minutes. [14]

Regional, commuter and rural

An extensive network of regional bus services operate across Ireland, serving nearly all corners of the island. However, the frequency of routes can vary significantly, from high frequency routes between nearby towns, to rural services running only once a week. The majority of services are public funded and operated by Bus Èireann, Go-Ahead Ireland and Local Link, although in some areas commercial services also play a large role in providing transport.

The main regional bus networks are:

• Bus Éireann operate an extensive network of regional bus services across Ireland. Commuter services are provided along routes into the main cities and towns, while in rural areas there are routes connecting many villages and small towns into their nearest large town or city. Most routes are shown on the Bus Éireann network map. Routes are numbered by region, with the 100's in the east, 200's in the south, 300's in the midwest and southeast, and 400's in the west and northwest.
• Go-Ahead Ireland operate commuter routes between towns in Kildare and Dublin City. These are numbered routes 120 to 130, and use the same fare structure and ticketing system as the Bus Éireann Dublin commuter services.
• Local Link is the brand name for all services funded under the rural transport programme. There are over 1,000 rural bus routes serving nearly all corners of the country. These range from regular scheduled routes running several times a day between nearby towns, to door to door routes running only one day per week. The regular scheduled routes operate like normal bus routes, with fixed routes and timetables, however the door to door routes can vary and may require advance booking, so it's best to inquire with your nearest Local Link office^{[o'lik havola]} the day beforehand.

Other standalone public funded routes include:

• JJ Kavanagh operate route 139 from Naas to Blanchardstown
• Go-Ahead Ireland operate route 197 from Swords to Ashbourne
• Bernard Kavanagh operate route 817 from Kilkenny to Dublin
• M&A Coaches operate route 828 from Cashel to Portlaoise
• Andrew Wharton operate route 975 from Cavan to Longford

Intercity

A good network of intercity routes operates between the main cities and towns in Ireland. Most intercity routes are fast with very few stops, and take advantage of Ireland's extensive motorway network. Intercity routes are all operated commercially, and many routes have competition along them, with more than one operator serving them, so fares are often good value. Bus Éireann Expressway are the largest operator, with over 20 intercity routes. Other operators include Dublin Coach, Aircoach, GoBus, Citylink, JJ Kavanagh and Wexford Bus.

The main intercity routes from Dublin (listed anti-clockwise) are:

• Dublin - Newry - Belfast: Bus Éireann Expressway routes X1/X2a/X5^{[o'lik havola]}, Aircoach route 705X, Dublin Coach route 400
• Dublin - Omagh - Derry/Letterkenny: Bus Éireann Expressway route 32, Goldline Express routes X3/X4, John McGinley Coaches routes 932/933
• Dublin - Cavan - Donegal: Bus Éireann Expressway route 30
• Dublin - Longford - Sligo: Bus Éireann Expressway route 23
• Dublin - Longford - Ballina: Bus Éireann Expressway route 22
• Dublin - Athlone - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 20/X20, GoBus route 720^{[o'lik havola]}, Citylink routes 760/761/763
• Dublin - Limerick: Bus Éireann Expressway route X12, Dublin Coach route 300, JJ Kavanagh route 735, Eireagle route [15]^{[o'lik havola]}
• Dublin - Cork: Bus Éireann Expressway route X8, Aircoach route 704X, GoBus route 707^{[o'lik havola]}
• Dublin - Kilkenny - Clonmel: JJ Kavanagh route 717
• Dublin - Carlow - Waterford: Bus Éireann Expressway route 4/X4, Dublin Coach route 600, JJ Kavanagh route 736
• Dublin - Wexford: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 2/X2, Wexford Bus route 740

Other intercity routes include:

• Derry/Letterkenny - Sligo - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway route 64, Bus Feda route 964
• Ballina - Castlebar - Galway: Bus Éireann Expressway route 52
• Galway - Limerick - Cork: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 51/X51, Citylink route 251
• Limerick - Tralee/Killarney: Bus Éireann Expressway routes 13 & 14, Dublin Coach route 300
• Limerick - Waterford: Bus Éireann Expressway route 55
• Tralee - Cork - Waterford - Rosslare: Bus Éireann Expressway route 40

Qayiqda

• Ferries ply to the inhabited islands: they carry islanders' vehicles but visitors should avoid bringing one. Boat trips visit many other islands at sea or in the lakes - some even venture out as far as Fastnet.
• Car ferries cross several large estuaries, for instance across the Shannon, Cork Harbour, Waterford Harbour, and the Liffey between Howth and Dún Laoghaire. Two ferries are international: across Carlingford Lough between Dundalk and the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland, and across Lough Foyle between Greencastle in County Donegal and MacGilligan Point north of Derry. Both carry vehicles but only sail in summer.
• Ireland has an extensive navigable inland waterway network, rehabilitated since its 19th / 20th century decline. The principal routes are from Dublin to the Shannon by either the Grand Canal or (further north) the Royal Canal, up the length of the Shannon from the Atlantic at Limerick to Leitrim, its principal tributaries such as the Boyle, and along the Shannon-Erne Canal to Enniskillen in Northern Ireland. There are no regular ferries on these routes, so it's a matter of hiring a boat. For an extended Shannon cruise, Dromineer va Carrick-on-Shannon are good bases. Qarang Waterways Ireland for current navigation and lock status, moorings and so on.

Velosipedda

Ireland is beautiful for biking, but use a good touring bike with solid tyres as road conditions are not always excellent. Biking along the south and west coasts you should be prepared for variable terrain, lots of hills and frequent strong headwinds. There are plenty of camp grounds along the way for long distance cyclists.

The planned Eurovelo cycle route in Ireland will connect Belfast to Dublin via Galway, and Dublin to Rosslare via Galway and Cork. Visit their website for updates on the status of the path.

Dublin has some marked bicycle lanes and a few non-road cycle tracks. Traffic is fairly busy, but a cyclist confident with road cycling in other countries should have no special difficulties (except maybe for getting used to riding on the left). Cyclists have no special right of way over cars, particularly when using shared use paths by the side of a road, but share and get equal priority when in traffic lanes. Helmets are not legally required, but widely available for those who wish to use them. Dublin Bikes has 400 bikes available to the public in around 40 stations across the city centre. The bikes are free to take for the first half hour, although a payment of €150 is required in case of the bike being stolen or damaged. When finished, return the bike back to any station and get your payment refunded.

Samolyotda

Ireland is small enough to be traversed by road and rail in a few hours, so there are few flights within the Republic, and none to Northern Ireland.

Aer Lingus Regional fly two routes from Dublin:

- to Donegal (CFN) near Carrickfinn in northwest County Donegal, twice a day taking an hour. Fares start at €30-€36 each way (as of Jan 2020).

- to Kerry (KIR) near Farranfore, midway between Tralee and Killarney, twice a day taking an hour. Fares start at €47-€49 each way (as of Jan 2020).

Aer Arann Islands fly from Connemara Airport (NNR) near Galway to the three Arann Islands of Inis Mór (IOR), Inis Meain (IIA) and Inis Oírr (INQ). There are at least three flights to each island year-round M-F and two at weekends; more in summer. The flights use rinky-dinky BNF Islanders and are ten minute there-and-back turnarounds with no inter-island flights. Adult fares are €25 one way or €49 return, with various discounts. Connemara has no other flights so it's disconnected from the global network.

Only in Ireland

• Cable-car is how you reach Dursey Island in County Cork, a ten minute ride over the restless Atlantic. Ireland's low mountains and mild winters aren't conducive to winter sports, so if they had to install a ski lift anywhere, it pretty much had to be here.
• Walk on water at Acres Lake near Drumshanbo in County Leitrim. Ireland has many long-distance hiking trails, mostly described on the relevant County pages. Shannon Blueway near the head of the navigable river starts with a floating boardwalk, before continuing with conventional trails. It's the spiritual descendant of Ireland's baffling Bog Trackways, floating Neolithic or Iron Age walkways across bogs: their purpose seems not to be transport, but to enter the bog for some ceremonial purpose.
• Horse-drawn caravan: the traditional Romany kind. You'll be among the last of the breed, because the Republic nowadays discourages "travelling folk", and those still around use modern vehicles and caravans. Extended horse-drawn trips are best suited to areas where the gradients are mild, the road traffic isn't too frenetic, and the distance between sights and amenities is minor. The Ring of Kerry is one popular excursion, see the County pages for other possibilities.

Qarang

It's more than just a stereotype: Ireland's highlights are indeed the stuff of knights' tales. That's at least true for its myriad of fascinating castles, dramatic cliff shores, lush rolling pastures and rugged hills. Many of the country's main attractions are of a sturdy kind of beauty. There's the megalithic tombs ning Brú na Bóinne, older than the Egyptian pyramids and the inspiration for some of the famous Celtic symbols of later times. Of much later date is the beautiful Blarney Castle yilda County Cork, known for its "Blarney Stone." According to tradition, kissing the Blarney Stone will bless a person with "the gift of the gab", or a remarkable eloquence. Achieving it requires lying back while a castle employee holds you and a photographer captures the moment. Equally interesting is the Rock of Cashel, the remains of a majestic 12th century castle overlooking the green surrounding plains.

The island's rough coast line is one of its main tourist attractions. The stunning 230m high Cliffs of Moher are a spectacular place and the most popular of the cliffs to visit. It's surely among the most dramatic spots, but only one of many scenic parts of the Irish coast. Head to Achill Island to see the Croaghaun, the highest of them all, as well as the lovely Keem Bay and other beaches. Visit the beautiful Aran orollari, where local culture has survived the test of time and green pastures are dotted with castles and churches. Drive the Wild Atlantic Way to take in more of the scenic shores, stopping for breaks in charming coastal towns. More inland there are a number of national parks worth exploring, including the limestone karst landscapes of the rest of the Burren (of which the Cliffs of Moher are part). The vast peatlands of Ballycroy National Park offer another great place for hikes, as do the lakes and forests of Killarney National Park. The pleasant town of Killarney itself is home to Ross Castle but also serves as a popular starting point for the Ring of Kerry.

• Prehistoric Ireland:Brú na Bóinne in Meath is the best known, built around 3000 BC. Trouble is, it's mobbed with tourists, with very limited access slots, and you lose the atmosphere. But Ireland is studded with equally fascinating sites, often in out-of-the-way places so they were never built over or the stone re-used, and with small risk of you having to share them with a babbling tour group. Seek them out, eg at Ahenny in Tipperary or on the wild Burren. And between the stones were the bogs. Start exploring their fascinating discoveries at the National Museum in Dublin: ornate gold jewellery and contorted bodies.
• Cells and wells, the forerunner to "Bells 'n Smells". A series of major religious leaders appeared in Ireland following 5th C St Patrick. Any place name prefixed "Kil" or "Cill", or "Kells" by itself, indicates their hermit cell or abode. They needed to live near a water source, which would become venerated as a holy or healing well. There was a second wave of monasteries in Norman times, built on the same sites, and ruins of these grander buildings are common though they were smashed after the 16th C Dissolution. Clonmacnoise, Glendalo and Rock of Cashel are fine examples. After they were ejected from their former churches, the Roman Catholics were only allowed to re-establish from the 19th C, with a wave of church and cathedral building mostly in neo-Gothic style: every major town has one.

• Round towers are to Ireland what minarets are to Turkey. Pencil-thin and dating from 9th to 12th C AD, the best intact examples are 30 m tall with a conical cap; they have only one or two windows and a doorway several metres above ground. They were bell-towers for adjacent churches, and the high doorway was simply to avoid weakening the tower base. Some 20 are in good condition, with the best at Clondalkin (Dublin), Ardmore (Waterford), Devenish (Fermanagh), Glendalough (Wicklow), Kells (Meath), Killala (Mayo), Kilmacduagh (Galway), Rattoo (Kerry), Swords (Dublin), Timahoe (Laois) and Turlough (Mayo).
• Castles sprang up under the Normans, and were variously besieged, repaired, dismantled or re-purposed over the next 400 years. Limerick has a fine example, while Dublin Castle reflects multiple eras: what you see there now is mostly Victorian. Many medieval cities had walls, such as Waterford va Kilkenny - the best of all is Derry in the north. The lowlands are also dotted with turrets or tower-houses from 15th / !6th century, effectively fortified dwellings: Blarney Castle near Cork is typical.
• Mansions, often with fine gardens, appeared when dwellings no longer needed to be stoutly defended. Lots and lots: those within an easy day-trip from Dublin are Malahide, Powerscourt at Enniskerry, and Russborough House near Blessington.
• Islands: a historic handful lie off the east coast (Dalkey near Dublin may have been a slave market) but most lie off the fractal west coast. Some are nowadays connected by road or are tidal, but substantial places that you have to fly or take a ferry to include the three Aran orollari, with a remarkable cluster of prehistoric sites. Not to neglect freshwater islands in the rivers (eg Cahir castle, and we'd best draw a veil over Lady Blessington's ablutions at Clonmel Tipperary) and in the lakes. Inis Cealtra in Lough Derg above Killaloe in Clare has a cluster of medieval sites, and Innisfree on Lough Gill near Sligo is where WB Yeats yearned to be.

Qil

Sport

Irish people love their sport. The largest sporting organisation in Ireland, and the largest amateur sporting organisation in the world, is the Gaelic Athletic Association, more commonly referred to as the GAA. The GAA governs Ireland's two national sports which are Gaelic football and hurling.

To those that have never seen it, Gaelic football could at its simplest be described as a cross between football and rugby, but there is much more to it than that. Hurling is the fastest field game in the world. If it could be categorised into a group of sports, then it would be closest to the field hockey family, but hurling is unique. No visit to Ireland, especially during the summer months, would be complete without seeing a Gaelic football or hurling match, ideally live but at least on the TV. The biggest matches of the year take place during summer culminating in the two finals which are both in September, on two separate Sundays. The All-Ireland Hurling Final is normally on the first Sunday of September and the All-Ireland Football final is on the third Sunday of September. These are the two largest individual sporting events in Ireland, so tickets are like gold dust. Croke Park, the venue for the two finals, has a capacity of 82,300 people, making it one of the largest stadiums in Europe. Those that can't get tickets will crowd around televisions and radios, and around the world Irish people will be watching or listening to the finals.

Horse racing: there are some three dozen race tracks around the country, almost every county has one or two, with Curragh and Punchestown the two big courses near Dublin. These tracks have both flat racing in summer and National Hunt (jumps / chases) in winter. There are stud farms and racehorse training stables on the lush pastures of the Irish midlands, some of which you can visit. And then there's Enniscrone in County Sligo, where they race on pigs.

Golf is another huge sport in Ireland. Ireland has many great professionals, but for the visitor there are many golf courses around the country. Golfing holidays are popular.

In rugby union, Ireland plays as a united island, with Northern Ireland included. There are four professional teams representing the historic provinces playing in the Pro14, the top European (predominantly Celtic) league: Leinster Rugby in Dublin, Ulster Rugby in Belfast, Munster Rugby mostly in Limerick with some games in Cork, and Connacht Rugby in Galway. International games are played in Dublin: those for the annual "Six Nations" tournament are likely to sell out.

Football is less well supported, though the national team does respectably in Euro and other FIFA tournaments. Most large towns have a football team, though their quality is generally low as nearly all the top Irish players play for Ingliz tili clubs.

Being an island, Ireland has many water sports. Sailing is big in Ireland. On the west coast in particular Ireland has very high seas, ideal for surfing, even if the weather isn't always great.Kitesurfing is growing everyday in Ireland, from the East to the West coast. Check Dollymount in Dublin City, Rush, Bettystown, Blackrock/Dundalk on the East Coast and Sligo (Rosses Point), Donegal, and Kerry on the west coast.

Boshqalar

• Ireland has a bustling scene for folk and popular music; qarang Music in Britain and Ireland.
• Bus tours: For those wishing to experience Ireland on a budget, there are a variety of inexpensive bus tours in almost every part of the country. These tours can range from hop-on hop-off buses in major cities such as Dublin and Cork to 5-day trips through some of the most scenic parts of the country. The bus drivers/guides are generally well informed about Irish history and enjoy sharing local legends and songs with anyone happy to 'lend an ear'.
• Look up your Irish ancestors. From 1864 all births, marriages and deaths in Ireland (and Protestant marriages from 1845) were recorded by the General Register Office in Dublin, which you can search online free. Before then, those events were recorded only in parish church registers, of variable completeness. Many records have been lost, but others are well-preserved and digitised - Klar okrugi is one good example. Tracing events pre-1864 is more difficult, especially along the female line. Sources include the parish church registers, property records, newspaper "hatches matches & dispatches" columns, Wills, trial verdicts, workhouse denizens, tombstone epitaphs, and emigrant passenger lists. Try enquiring at the County Library in the relevant county town.
• St Patrick's Day, on 17 March whenever that falls in the week, is celebrated worldwide and especially here.
• Observe centenaries: after the Great War ended, the Anglo-Irish conflict intensified as described above, leading to the partition of Ireland in 1921 and a civil war, all against the backdrop of a deadly pandemic. This means that many events are reaching their centenary, eg the Croke Park massacre of Nov 1920, which in normal circumstances would be publicly marked. Ceremonies and recognition are inevitably subdued in 2020 / 21 but visitors (especially British) should be aware of upcoming anniversaries.

Sotib oling

Pul

Evro uchun valyuta kurslari As of 04 January 2021: 1 AQSh dollari - 0,816 AQSh dollari Buyuk Britaniya £ 1 - € 1,12 Avstraliya $ 1 - € 0.63 Kanada $ 1 - € 0.642 Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olinadi XE.com

Ireland uses the euro, the plural of which is also "euro", thus for €2 say "two euro".

Stand-alone cash machines (ATMs) are widely available in every city and town in the country and credit cards are accepted most outlets. Fees are not generally charged by Irish ATMs (but beware that your bank may charge a fee).

Along border areas, as the UK pound sterling is currency in Northern Ireland, it is common for UK pounds to be accepted as payment, with change given in Euro. Some outlets, notably border petrol stations will give change in sterling if requested.

There's a lot of cross-border shopping. It's partly driven by differences in VAT or other tax, for instance fuel has usually been cheaper in the Republic, so Northern Ireland motorists fill up south of the border. It also reflects swings in exchange rate, so Republic shoppers cross to Derry or Newry whenever their euro goes further against the UK pound.

ATMs

ATMs are widely available throughout Ireland. Even in small towns it is unlikely that you will be unable to find an ATM. Many shops and pubs will have an ATM in store, and unlike the UK, they cost the same to use as 'regular' ATMs on the street. Though in-shop ATMs are slightly more likely to run out of cash and be 'Out of Service'.

Credit cards

MasterCard, Maestro and Visa are accepted virtually everywhere. American Express and Diners Club are now also fairly widely accepted. Discover card is very rarely accepted and it would not be wise to rely on this alone. Most ATMs allow cash withdrawals on major credit cards and internationally branded debit cards.

In common with most of Europe, Ireland uses "chip and PIN" credit cards. Signature-only credit cards, such as those used in the US, should be accepted anywhere a chip and PIN card with the same brand logo is accepted. The staff will have a handheld device and will be expecting to hold the card next to it and then have you input your PIN. Instead, they will need to swipe the card and get your signature on the paper receipt it prints out. Usually this goes smoothly but you may find some staff in areas that serve few foreigners are confused or assume the card cannot be processed without a chip. It is helpful to have cash on hand to avoid unpleasant hassle even in situations where you might have been able to eventually pay by card.

Tips

Tips is not a general habit in Ireland. The same general rules apply as in the Birlashgan Qirollik. It is usually not customary to tip a percentage of the total bill, a few small coins is generally considered quite polite. Like most of Europe it is common to round up to the nearest note, (i.e. paying €30 for a bill of €28).

In restaurants tipping 10-15% is standard and for large groups or special occasions (wedding/anniversary/conference with banquet) tipping becomes part of the exuberance of the overall event and can be higher, indeed substantial. Tipping is not expected in bars or pubs and unnecessary in the rare bar or 'Superpub' that has toilet attendants. In taxis the fare is rounded off to the next euro for short city wide journeys, however this is more discretionary than in restaurants. In hotels a tip may be added to the bill on check out, however some guests prefer to tip individual waiters or room attendants either directly or leaving a nominal amount in the room.

In all cases, the tip should express satisfaction with the level of service.

Tax-free shopping

If you are a tourist from a non-EU country, you may be able to receive a partial refund of VAT tax (which is 23%.) However, unlike some other countries, there is no unified scheme under which a tourist can claim this refund back. The method of refund depends solely on the particular retailer and so tourists should ask the retailer before they make a purchase if they wish to receive a VAT refund.

One scheme retailers who are popular with tourists operate is private (i.e. non-governmental) VAT refund agents. Using this scheme, the shopper receives a magnetic stripe card which records the amount of purchases and VAT paid every time a purchase is made and then claims the VAT back at the airport, minus commission to the VAT refund agent, which is often quite substantial. There are multiple such VAT refund agents and so you may need to carry multiple cards and make multiple claims at the airport. However, there may emas be a VAT refund agent representative at the airport or specific terminal where you will be departing from, or it may not be open at the time you depart. In which case, getting a refund back could become more cumbersome as you may need to communicate with the VAT refund agent from your home country.

If the retailer does not operate the VAT refund agent scheme, they may tell you that all you have to do is take the receipt they produce to the airport and claim the refund at the VAT refund office at the airport. However, this is incorrect. Irish Revenue does not make any VAT refunds directly to tourists. Tourists are responsible for having receipts stamped by customs, either in Ireland upon departure or at their home country upon arrival and then send these receipts as proof of export directly to the Irish retailer which is obligated to make a VAT refund directly to the tourist. Therefore, for example, if you have made 10 different purchases at 10 different retailers, you will need to make 10 separate claims for refunds with every single retailer. However, some retailers do not participate in the scheme all together and so you may not be able to get any VAT refund from some retailers. Therefore, if you plan on receiving VAT tourist refund on your purchases in Ireland, you should be careful where you shop and which refund scheme they operate, if any.

Further details on VAT tourist refunds can be found in the document Retail Export Scheme (Tax-Free Shopping for Tourists) .

Yemoq

Food is expensive in Ireland, although quality has improved enormously in the last ten years. Most small towns will have a supermarket and many have a weekly farmers' market. The cheapest option for eating out is either fast food or pubs. Many pubs offer a o'ymakorlik lunch consisting of roasted meat, vegetables and the ubiquitous potatoes, which is usually good value. Selection for vegetarians is limited outside the main cities. The small town of Kinsale yaqin Cork has become internationally famous for its many excellent restaurants, especially fish restaurants. In the northwest of the country Donegal Town is fast becoming the seafood capital of Ireland.

Cuisine

Traditional Irish cuisine could charitably be described as hearty: many traditional meals involved meat (beef, lamb, and pork), potatoes, and cabbage. Long cooking times were the norm in the past, and spices were limited to salt and pepper. The Irish diet has broadened remarkably in the past fifty years and dining is now very cosmopolitan.

Seafood chowder, Guinness Bread, Oysters, and Boxty vary regionally, and are not common throughout the entire country.

However the days when potatoes were the only thing on the menu are long gone, and modern Irish cuisine emphasizes fresh local ingredients, simply prepared and presented (sometimes with some Mediterranean-style twists). Meat (especially lamb), seafood and dairy produce is mostly of an extremely high quality.

Try some gorgeous brown soda bread, made with buttermilk and leavened with bicarbonate of soda rather than yeast. It is heavy, tasty and almost a meal in itself.

Etiquette

Only basic table manners are considered necessary when eating out, unless you're with company that has a more specific definition of what is appropriate. As a general rule, so long as you don't make a show of yourself by disturbing other diners there's little else to worry about. It's common to see other customers using their mobile phones — this sometimes attracts the odd frown or two but goes largely ignored. If you do need to take a call, keep it short and try not to raise your voice. The only other issue to be concerned about is noise — a baby crying might be forgivable if it's resolved fairly quickly, a contingent of adults laughing very loudly every couple of minutes or continuously talking out loud may attract negative attention. However, these rules are largely ignored in fast-food restaurants, pubs and some more informal restaurants.

Ovqatingizni tugatyapsiz

Stol xizmati ko'rsatiladigan restoranlarda ba'zi bir ovqat iste'molchilar oxirgi kursdan so'ng qonun loyihasi avtomatik ravishda taqdim etilishini kutishlari mumkin, ammo Irlandiyada uni etkazib berishni so'rashingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Odatda idish oxirida idish-tovoq olib tashlanayotganda kofe va choy taklif etiladi, agar xohlamasangiz, eng yaxshi javob "Yo'q, rahmat, faqat hisob-kitob qiling, iltimos" bo'ladi. Aks holda, xodimlar sizning hisob-kitobingizni aniq talab qilmaguningizcha, siz kutishni xohlayotganingizni taxmin qiladi.

Ichish

Pivo

Ginnesning pintlari (yarim litrdan sal ko'proq) pint uchun 4,20 evrodan boshlanadi va Dublindagi sayyohlik nuqtalarida 7,00 evrogacha ko'tarilishi mumkin.

Irlandiyaning eng taniqli eksportlaridan biri bu dabdabali: qorong'u, qaymoqli pivo, eng mashhurlari Dublinda tayyorlanadigan Ginnes. Murfi va Beamish sho'rvalari Corkda tayyorlanadi va asosan mamlakat janubida mavjud. Merfi Ginnesga qaraganda bir oz shirinroq va mazali, Beamish esa engilroq bo'lsa ham, nozik, deyarli kuyib ketgan ta'mga ega. Korkda bo'lganida Beamish yoki Murfining tanlovi suhbatni boshlashi va, ehtimol siz Ginnesdan afzal deb aytsangiz, uzoq suhbatning boshlanishi bo'lishi mumkin.

Hozirda bir nechta mikro pivo zavodlari o'zlarining qiziqarli navlarini, shu jumladan Karloudagi O'Hara, Dublindagi Porter uyi va Korkdagi Frantsiskan quduq pivo zavodi ishlab chiqarishmoqda. Smithwick kabi allar ham mashhur, ayniqsa qishloq joylarida. Bulmers Sider (respublikadan tashqarida 'Magners Cider' nomi bilan tanilgan) ham mashhur va keng tarqalgan Irlandiyalik ichimlikdir. U Clonmel, Co Tipperary-da pishiriladi.

Viski

Ismdagi ushbu "e" arpa va distillashning reklama videosidagi ko'pikli suvlar kabi juda muhimdir, ular sizning yoshingizni tasdiqlashingizni so'rashdan oldin. Viski / viski - bu distillangan spirtli ichimliklar 40% va alkogolning himoyalangan nomi - shunday ta'riflangan mahsulotlar faqat narxlar ustamasini asoslab, ma'lum usullar va mintaqaviy manbalar asosida ishlab chiqarilishi mumkin. Irlandiyada Jameson va Tullamore kabi bir nechta taniqli brendlar mavjud va ular ham juda ichkilikka ega: slainte! Ammo Shotlandiyada topilgan bitta solod viski xarakteri etishmayapti, ammo Irlandiyada ularni tayyorlashning tarkibiy qismlari va nou-xaulari bor. Ular asta-sekin, masalan Dublindagi Teeling va Athru shahridagi bozorga (kamida 3 yillik yashash muddatini hisobga olgan holda) keladi. Sligo.

Publar

Irlandiyadagi deyarli barcha pablar "bepul uylar" dir, ya'ni ular har qanday pivo zavodidan ichimlik sotishi mumkin va bitta pivo zavodiga bog'lanmagan (Buyuk Britaniyadan farqli o'laroq). Siz mamlakat bo'ylab Irlandiyadagi barcha pablarda bir xil markadagi ichimliklarni olishingiz mumkin.

Spirtli ichimliklar Irlandiyada, ayniqsa sayyohlik hududlarida nisbatan qimmat bo'lishi mumkin. Ammo mahalliy haftalik tadbirlar jurnallarida "Baxtli soatlar" haqida ma'lumot beriladi, agar ba'zi barlarning yo'qotilishi 3 evroga teng bo'lsa yoki ikkitasini bitta narxga taklif qilsa. Baxtli soat 15:00 dan boshlanishi va 21:00 gacha davom etishi mumkin. Ba'zi barlarda odatda uch pintdan ozroq bo'lgan pivo krujkalari 10-11 evrogacha taklif qilinishi mumkin.

Barlar oxirgi ichimliklarini yakshanbadan payshanbagacha payshanba va payshanba, soat 23:30 da, juma va shanba kunlari soat 00:30 da berishlari kerak, keyin yarim soatlik "ichish" vaqti beriladi. Tungi klublar soat 02:00 gacha ishlaydi.

Irlandiyadagi barcha pablarda chekish taqiqlangan. Ba'zi pablar pivo bog'lariga ega, odatda chekish taqiqlangan ochiq havoda isitiladigan maydon.

Faqat Irlandiyada

• Makkartis va ishbilarmon Fetard, County Tipperary sizni u yoki bu tarzda saralanganingizni ko'radi.
• Qarg'alarni toshbo'ron qiling Sligo afsuski, endi o'lik qarg'alarni to'lov sifatida qabul qilmaydi, lekin siz har doim kontaktsiz mashinani bosib o'tib ko'rishingiz mumkin.
• Kerrol Auktsionerlari Kilmallok, County Limerick qaysidir ma'noda o'z biznesini pab ro'yxatiga kiritgan, shunchaki boshqa turga signal berishda ehtiyot bo'ling.
• Donovan mehmonxonasida Klonakiltil, County Cork, halokatga uchragan hodisa paytida omon qolish uchun stakanni USAF ekipajining yagona a'zosiga ko'taring, ammo keyin irlandlarning mehmondo'stligi bilan mast bo'lib o'ling. U Tojo maymun edi. U ekipaj o'zlarini Norvegiya ustidan o'tgan deb o'ylaganligi sababli u suzib yurgan bo'lishi mumkin.
• Tholsel - deyarli Irlandiyaga xos bo'lgan fuqarolik qurilishining eski uslubi. Bu "pullik zali" degan ma'noni anglatadi - soliq yig'ish, kengash idorasi, bozor zali va sud zali, ular alohida binoga aylanib ulgurmasdan oldin. Faqat yarim o'nlab odam omon qoladi va Tholsel ichkarida Yangi Ross, Ueksford okrugi endi pabga aylandi.
• Ring yarimorolida Dungarvon Vaterford okrugida, ommaviy qabristonga dafn qilinish uchun juda ko'p ochlik qurbonlari bo'lgan, ular barcha qabr qazuvchilar va vagonchilar uchun pab qurishi kerak edi. Bu deyiladi Seanachai va hanuzgacha xizmat qilmoqda.
• McHales CastlebarMayo okrugi, Ginnesga hali ham "meejum" tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatadigan yagona joy. Ushbu tushunarsiz o'lchov pintdan biroz kamroq, ammo aniq bir joyda aniq belgilanmagan va savdo qonunchiligi va kvant noaniqligi o'rtasidagi to'qnashuv tufayli haqiqatan ham bo'lishi mumkin emas.

Uyqu

Bu erda barcha darajadagi mehmonxonalar, shu jumladan juda hashamatli mehmonxonalar mavjud. Yotoq va nonushta turar joylari keng tarqalgan. Ular odatda juda do'stona, ko'pincha oilaviy boshqariladigan va yaxshi ahamiyatga ega. Mustaqil bor yotoqxonalar sifatida sotiladigan Irlandiyaning mustaqil ta'til pansionatlari, barchasi sayyohlik kengashi tomonidan tasdiqlangan. Shuningdek, rasmiy yoshlar uylari assotsiatsiyasi mavjud, Sarg'ish (Irlandcha uchun Yoshlar). Ushbu yotoqxonalar ko'pincha olis va chiroyli joylarda bo'lib, asosan tashqi makon uchun mo'ljallangan. Rasmiy lagerlar mavjud, ammo ko'plab mamlakatlarga qaraganda kamroq (iqlimni hisobga olgan holda). Yovvoyi lagerga yo'l qo'yiladi, lekin ruxsat olishga harakat qiling, ayniqsa siz mulkdorning uyidan ko'rinadigan joyda. Hech qachon chorva mollari bo'lgan dalada lager qilmang. Shuningdek, dengiz chiroqlari, qasrlar va halqa qal'alari kabi maxsus yashash joylari mavjud.

O'rganing

Ba'zi foydali irlandcha iboralar: Iltimos: Le do thoil (Leh duh hull) Xayr. Salomat bo'ling: Slan (Slawn) Qalaysiz? Conas atá tú? / Cén chaoi ina bhfuil tú? (cunas a taw two) (vuill ikkitasida qamish cwe) Salom: Dia duit (dee gwit) rahmat: Raibh maith agat-ga boring (guh rev mah agat) Ertaga: Amarach (maw tosh) Kechirasiz: Gabh mo leithscéal (Mux leh scaylga boring) Ismingiz nima? Cad ainm duitmi? (cod - bu im dit (ch)) Salom!: Slainte (kesilgan cha)

Irland tilining bir nechta iboralarini o'rganish qiziqarli, ammo keraksiz, chunki hamma ingliz tilida gaplashadi. Irland tilini o'rganishni istagan mehmonlar ular uchun maxsus mo'ljallangan til kurslaridan foydalanishlari mumkin. Eng yaxshi tanilganlar Donegaldagi Oideas Gael va Dublinda joylashgan Gael League (Conradh na Gaeilge) tomonidan taqdim etilgan. Ularda tajribali o'qituvchilar ishlaydi, ularning maqsadi sizni oddiy ravonlik bilan jihozlash va madaniyat bilan tanishtirishdir. Siz tez-tez o'zingizni ajablantiradigan turli mamlakatlar odamlari bilan o'tirgan holda topasiz - ehtimol Yaponiyada ham. Qisqa kurs ham Irlandiyaning ko'proq sayyohlar sog'inishi mumkin bo'lgan jihatlarini ochib berishi mumkin. Ammo oldindan sanani va kitobni tekshirib ko'rishingizni maslahat beramiz.

Ish

Irlandiya Evropa Ittifoqi / Evropa iqtisodiy hududining bir qismidir va shuning uchun har qanday Evropa Ittifoqi / Evropa Ittifoqi / Shveytsariya fuqarosi Irlandiyada ish boshlash uchun avtomatik huquqqa ega. Evropa Ittifoqi / AEA bo'lmagan fuqarolar, odatda, ishlash uchun ruxsatnoma va viza talab qiladilar. Qo'shimcha ma'lumotni bu erda topishingiz mumkin Fuqarolar haqida ma'lumot, Irlandiya hukumatining davlat xizmatlari haqida ma'lumot veb-sayti.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Politsiya kuchlari sifatida tanilgan Garda Siochana, (so'zma-so'z "Tinchlik posbonlari") yoki shunchaki "Garda" va politsiya xodimlari Garda (birlik) va Gardaí (ko'plik, talaffuz) Gar-de) norasmiy ravishda inglizcha Guard (lar) atamasi odatiy holdir. Politsiya atamasi kamdan kam qo'llaniladi, ammo, albatta, tushuniladi. Siz ularni nima deb atashingizdan qat'i nazar, ular xushmuomala va qulaydir. Garda Síochána forma kiygan a'zolari o'qotar qurol olib yurishmaydi, lekin politsiya Shimoliy Irlandiya qil. Ammo qurolni detektivlar va politsiyaning maxsus bo'linmalariga tayinlangan zobitlar olib yurishadi. Shannon aeroportida politsiya xavfsizligini tekshirish, agar siz yakkaxon sayohatchisiz.

Ko'pgina Evropa standartlari bo'yicha jinoyatchilik nisbatan past, ammo boshqa mamlakatlardagi jinoyatchilikdan unchalik farq qilmaydi. Kechroq kechqurun kattaroq shahar va shaharlarda ko'chalar har qanday joyda bo'lgani kabi xavfli bo'lishi mumkin. Quyosh botganidan keyin Dublindagi yoki Qo'rqinchli hududlarda yolg'iz yurmang va uyga qaytishni rejalashtirganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, yaxshisi taksida. Yaxshiyamki, zo'ravonlik jinoyatlarining aksariyati ichkilikbozlik yoki giyohvandlik bilan bog'liqdir, shuning uchun ko'zga ko'rinmas darajada yuqtirgan odamlardan qochish sizni eng katta qiyinchiliklardan xalos qilishi mumkin. Agar sizga Gardaí kerak bo'lsa, shoshilinch raqam sifatida tez yordam, o't o'chirish xizmati, qirg'oq xavfsizligi yoki tog'ni qutqarish uchun 999 yoki 112 raqamlarini tering; ikkalasi ham shahar telefonlari va mobil telefonlardan ishlaydi.

O'g'rining duch kelishi ehtimoldan yiroq bo'lsa, shuni bilingki, umuman irlandiyalik jinoyatchilar zo'ravonlik qilishdan qo'rqmaydi. Ular so'ragan har qanday qimmatbaho buyumlarni topshiring va qarshilik qilmang, chunki bezorilar yonida o'tkir yoki to'mtoq qurol bo'lishi shart. Agar siz jinoyat qurboni bo'lsangiz, darhol xabar bering. Shahar va shaharlarda videokamera qamrovi juda keng va o'z vaqtida telefon orqali qo'ng'iroq qilish sizning yo'qolgan narsalaringizni olishga yordam beradi.

Mamlakatdagi ko'plab yo'llar tor va burilishli bo'lib, transport zichligi oshgan. Irlandiya o'z yo'llarini yaxshilamoqda, ammo moliyaviy cheklovlar tufayli ko'plab chuqurliklar o'z vaqtida tiklanmayapti. Agar ijaraga olingan avtoulovdan foydalansangiz, yo'ldagi har qanday chuqurlik uchun ko'zingizni yummang, chunki ularning eng kichigi ham o'girilib ketishi yoki to'qnashishi mumkin.

Sog'lom bo'ling

2006 yilda qon tomiridan qutulgan "yurak stimulyatori muborak" - Seamus Heaney

Suv

Müslüm suvi odatda ichish mumkin. Ba'zi binolarda siz vannaxonadagi suvni ichishdan saqlanishingiz kerak, ular qayta ishlanishi yoki sisternalardan olinishi mumkin.

Chekish

Irlandiyadagi deyarli barcha yopiq ish joylari, shu jumladan bar, restoran, kafe, tutunsiz deb belgilangan. Irlandiya Evropada birinchi bo'lib pablarda chekishni taqiqlashni amalga oshirdi. Mehmonxonalar va yotoq-nonushta muassasalarida xonalar mavjud emas talab qilinadi qonunga binoan tutunsiz bo'lish. Ular taqiqni amalga oshirishga majbur bo'lmasalar ham, ushbu muassasalarning egalari, agar xohlasalar, buni amalga oshirishi mumkin. Ko'pgina mehmonxonalarda ba'zi yotoq xonalari yoki pollar chekish, ba'zilari esa chekish mumkin emas deb belgilangan, shuning uchun siz xohlagan yo'lingiz bilan bron qilish vaqtida belgilashingiz kerak. Chekishni taqiqlash binolar ichidagi umumiy maydonlarga ham tegishli. Bu shuni anglatadiki, ko'p qavatli uylar va mehmonxonalar kabi binolarning yo'laklari, qabulxonalari va qabulxonalari ham qonun bilan qamrab olingan.

Aksariyat yirik bar va kafelarda ochiq havoda (ko'pincha yopiq) chekish joyi bo'ladi, ko'pincha isitiladi. Bu mahalliy aholi bilan uchrashishning ajoyib usuli. "Smirting" deb nomlangan yangi kontseptsiya ishlab chiqildi: "chekish" va "noz qilish". Agar ochiq chekish joyi bo'lmasa, bilingki, ko'chada spirtli ichimliklar iste'mol qilish noqonuniy hisoblanadi, shuning uchun siz ichimlikni barda qoldirishingizga to'g'ri keladi.

Ish joyida chekishni taqiqlashni buzganlikda aybdor bo'lgan har qanday shaxs 3000 evrogacha jarimaga tortilishi mumkin.

Hurmat

Irlandiyaga tashrif buyurganlar irlandlar nihoyatda mehmondo'st, samimiy va qulay bo'lishlarini bilib olishadi. Siz maslahat uchun mahalliy aholi bilan bemalol murojaat qilishingiz va qaerga borishingiz haqida aniq ko'rsatmalar berishingiz mumkin.

Kichikroq shahar va qishloqlarda, ayniqsa qishloq yo'lida, agar kimdir yonidan o'tsangiz, yoqimli narsalar bilan almashish odat tusiga kiradi. Shuningdek, ular sizdan "yaxshimisiz?" Yoki boshqa shunga o'xshash o'zgarishni so'rashlari mumkin. Oddiy salom yoki "yaxshimisiz?" yoki ob-havo haqida oddiy sharh etarli bo'ladi.

Irlandiyaliklar vaqtni erkin va egiluvchan ko'rishadi; Ular biron bir narsaga bir necha daqiqa kechikishlari odatiy holdir. Biroq, uyga tashrif buyurganingizda yoki biznes taklifiga borganingizda, o'z vaqtida etib borishingiz tavsiya etiladi.

Irlandiyaliklar hazil tuyg'usi bilan mashhur, ammo u bilan tanish bo'lmagan sayyohlarni tushunish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Irlandiyaliklar o'zlari yoki boshqa madaniyatlar haqida hazillashadilar va irlandlar haqida hazillashadigan nodavlat fuqarolarga nisbatan bag'rikeng bo'lib tuyulishi mumkin, ammo ehtiyot bo'lingki, jinoyat sodir etish oson.

Irlandiyaliklarning "Xudo", "Iso" degan so'zlarini eshitishlari va / yoki suhbatlarda la'nat so'zlarini ishlatish odatiy holdir, ayniqsa siz kimdir bilan yaxshi tanish bo'lsangiz. Irlandiyaliklar sizni biron bir tarzda bezovta qilmoqchi emasligi sababli, bu bilan xafa bo'lmang.

Sovg'alarni qabul qilishda, buyumning birinchi taklifidan keyin xushmuomalalik bilan rad etish odatiy holdir. Odatda, bu sovg'ani yoki taklifni qabul qilishni talab qilish bilan ta'qib qilinadi, shunda rad qilish jiddiyroq qabul qilinadi. Biroq, ba'zi odamlar juda ishonarli bo'lishi mumkin - bu shunchaki xushmuomalalik degani emas, shunchaki muloyim.

Irlandiyaliklar odatda "rahmat" ga "Bu hech narsa emas edi" yoki "umuman yo'q" deb javob berishadi ("Níl a bhuíochas ort" Irlandiyada). Bu ularning rozi bo'lish uchun ko'p harakat qilmaganligini anglatmaydi; aksincha, "Men buni siz uchun qilganimdan mamnun edim, shuning uchun bu muammo emas edi" degan taklifni nazarda tutadi, garchi bu bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa ham. Bu ko'pincha ular biron bir vaqtda sizdan yaxshilik so'rashlarini kutishlarini yoki siz uchun biron bir narsa qilgan kishiga qandaydir tarzda qarzdormiz degan ma'noni anglatishi mumkin. Irlandiyaliklar madaniyatiga singib ketgan "siz mening orqamni qirib tashlaysiz, men siznikini qirib tashlayman" degan miqdordagi narsa bor.

Odatda din, siyosat va muammolarni muhokama qilishdan mahalliy aholi qochishadi. Shaxslar orasidagi fikrlar shunchalik bo'linib ketgan va qat'iyatli emaski, mo''tadil qarashlarga ega bo'lgan irlandiyaliklarning aksariyati odobli suhbatdagi mavzulardan shunchaki qochishga odatlanib qolishgan, ayniqsa kichik shaharlarning deyarli barchasi bir-birini taniydi. O'zlarini "irland" deb atagan chet el fuqarolari, ajdodlari sababli, ehtimol, o'yin-kulgiga duch kelishadi, garchi bu ular bezovtalanishi yoki g'azabga aylanishi mumkin bo'lsa, ular muammolarga aloqador fikrlarini bildirishlari kerak.

LGBTga tashrif buyurganlar Irlandiyaliklarning ko'pchiligini bir jinsli juftlarni qabul qilishlarini istashadi, ammo Dublin va Kork Siti shaharlaridan tashqari ochiq mehr-muhabbat kamdan-kam uchraydi. Irlandiya 2011 yilda fuqarolik sherikligini joriy qildi va qonuniylashtirishga ovoz berdi bir jinsli nikoh 2015 yilda. Irlandiyada konservativ qadriyatlarni, ayniqsa, keksa avlod vakillari bilan topish mumkin. Ko'pgina boshqa mamlakatlarda bo'lgani kabi, yosh avlodlar ham ko'proq qabul qilishadi. Irlandiyada kamsitishga qarshi qonunlar mavjud bo'lib, ular asosan ish joylari uchun mo'ljallangan, ammo kam sonli holatlar ilgari surilgan. 2015 yilda nikoh tengligi bo'yicha referendum o'tkazilgandan oldin o'tkazilgan ijtimoiy so'rovnomalar Irlandiyaliklarning taxminan 75% geylarning nikoh huquqlarini qo'llab-quvvatlashini deyarli farq qilmasdan takroriy ko'rsatdi.

Ulanmoq

Ushbu qo'llanmada keltirilgan telefon raqamlari siz ularni Irlandiyadan tashqarida terishingiz mumkin bo'lgan shaklda berilgan. Irlandiya ichida shahar telefonidan foydalanilganda xalqaro terish prefiksi va mamlakat kodi 353 o'rniga bitta 0 qo'yilishi kerak. Ammo shahar telefonlari va uyali telefonlarning aksariyati Irlandiya raqamlariga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun 00353 yoki 353 prefikslarini qabul qilishadi.

Mobil telefon orqali

Irlandiyadagi odamlarga qaraganda ko'proq mobil telefonlar mavjud va ularning aksariyati oldindan to'lanadi. Telefon krediti juda ko'p chakana savdo do'konlarida mavjud, odatda 5 dan 40 evrogacha. Ba'zi chakana sotuvchilar ushbu kredit uchun ozgina komissiya oladilar, aksariyati unday emas.

Bir qator birlashuvlardan so'ng, 2020 yilga kelib Irlandiyada uchta uyali aloqa tarmog'i mavjud:

- Eirmobile (shu jumladan Meteor): 085

- Uchtasi (O2, BlueFace, Lycamobile, iD mobile, Virgin Mobile, 48 va Tesco mobile): 083, 086 va 089

- Vodafone (shu jumladan Postfone): 087

Dublin 5G-ni o'z ichiga olgan ajoyib qamrovga ega. Tarmoqni qamrab olish uchun boshqa shaharlarni tekshiring - eng kichik joylardan tashqari hamma signal beradi, lekin u yaqinlashadigan yo'llarni yoki atrofdagi qishloqlarni qamrab olmasligi mumkin. Shimoliy Irlandiya bilan chegaraga yaqin joyda sizning uyali telefoningiz Buyuk Britaniya tarmog'iga ulanishi mumkin va bu qo'shimcha to'lovlarni talab qilishi mumkin.

Evropa Ittifoqi va Buyuk Britaniyaning istalgan joyidan telefonlar rouming shartnomasi bilan qoplanadi - bu Buyuk Britaniya Evropa Ittifoqidan chiqqaniga qaramay davom etmoqda. Boshqa joydan kelgan telefon egalari o'zlarining odatdagi telefonlarini Irlandiyada ishlatib hisob-kitob qilishlari va hisob-kitob qilishlari kerak, va bunga rioya qilish kerakmi yoki Irlandiyaning SIM-kartasini sotib olishmi yoki to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Irlandiya telefonini sotib olishmi - bu 2 yoshdan oshganlar uchun arzonroq bo'lishi mumkin oylar.

Sizning elektr ta'minotingiz / adapterlaringiz haqida nima deyish mumkin? Irlandiya Birlashgan Qirollik bilan bir xil kuchlanish va vilkalardan foydalanadi; qarang Elektr tizimlari. Aeroportlar va yirik shaharlarda adapter sotiladi.

Agar sizda chip va PIN-kod kartangiz bo'lmasa (aksariyat AQSh debet va kredit kartalarida chip mavjud emas) va Irlandiyada doimiy aloqa ma'lumotlari (shahar telefoni, manzil) bo'lsa, unda ba'zi hollarda siz telefon xizmati uchun to'lovlarni amalga oshirishda muammolarga duch kelishingiz mumkin. Evroda naqd pul to'lashingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin.

Geografik bo'lmagan raqamlar

Geografik bo'lmagan raqamlar - bu geografik mintaqaga xos bo'lmagan va qo'ng'iroq qiluvchining joylashgan joyidan qat'i nazar, bir xil narxda olinadigan raqamlar.

Qo'ng'iroq turi	Tavsif	Terish prefiksi
Freephone	Barcha fonelinlardan xoli	1800
Umumiy narx (Ruxsat etilgan)	Bir qo'ng'iroq birligi narxi (odatda 6,5 ​​tsent)	1850
Umumiy xarajat (Vaqt muddati) (shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Qo'ng'iroq qiling)	Mahalliy qo'ng'iroq narxi	1890
Umumjahon kirish	Narxi mahalliy bo'lmagan / shaharlararo qo'ng'iroq bilan bir xil	0818
Premium stavka	Odatda boshqa qo'ng'iroqlarga qaraganda ancha qimmat	1520 ga 1580

Uyga qo'ng'iroq qilish

To'lov telefonlari juda kam uchraydi, ammo ular hali ham cheklangan raqamlarda mavjud. Ko'pchilik evro tanga, oldindan to'langan qo'ng'iroq kartalari va yirik kredit kartalarni oladi. Ekrandagi ko'rsatmalarga binoan siz to'lovlarni qaytarib olishingiz / qo'ng'iroqlarni yig'ishingiz yoki qo'ng'iroq kartangizdan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Irlandiyadan tezroq terish uchun: 00 mamlakat kodi mintaqa kodi mahalliy raqam. Masalan, ispan mobil telefoniga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun u 00 34 6 12345678 bo'ladi.

Irlandiyadan Shimoliy Irlandiyani terish uchun maxsus kod mavjud; 028 mintaqaviy kodini mahalliy Shimoliy Irlandiyadan tushirib, o'rniga 048 raqamini qo'ying. Keyin xalqaro tarif o'rniga, arzonroq Irlandiya kursi bo'yicha olinadi. Ba'zi provayderlar Shimoliy Irlandiyaga qo'ng'iroq qilishda 44 28ni milliy tarif sifatida qabul qilishadi.

Irlandiya ichidan Irlandiya raqamini terish uchun: Hudud kodini o'z ichiga olgan barcha raqamlarni terish kifoya. Agar siz ushbu hududdan va shahar telefonidan qo'ng'iroq qilsangiz, ixtiyoriy ravishda hudud kodini tushirishingiz mumkin, ammo bu narx va yo'nalish uchun farq qilmaydi. Mintaqaviy kod har doim mobil telefonlardan qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun talab qilinadi.

Ruxsat etilgan chiziq raqamlari quyidagi hudud kodlariga ega:

• 01 (Dublin va uning atrofidagi tumanlar)
• 02x (mantar)
• 04xx (Wicklow va Shimoliy-Sharqiy Midlands qismlari, 048 bundan mustasno)
• 048 (Shimoliy Irlandiya)
• 05x (Midlend va Janubi-Sharq)
• 06x (janubi-g'arbiy va o'rta-g'arbiy)
• 07x (shimoliy-g'arbiy, 076 tashqari)
• 076 (VoIP)
• 08x (peyjerlar va mobil telefonlar)
• 09xx (Midlend va G'arbiy)

Operator xizmati pulli telefonlarda yoki mobil telefonlarda mavjud emas.

Favqulodda xizmatlar 999 yoki 112 raqamini tering (parallel ishlaydigan umumiy Evropa kodi). Bu AQSh / Kanadada 911 ga teng va har qanday telefondan bepul.

Katalog ma'lumotlari raqobatdosh operatorlar tomonidan quyidagi kodlar orqali taqdim etiladi (qo'ng'iroq uchun to'lovlar ular taklif qilayotgan narsalarga qarab farqlanadi va siz 118 ta kodning katta reklama qilinganligini ko'rasiz):

• 118 11 (Eir)
• 118 50 (kanal)
• 118 90

Ushbu kompaniyalar odatda qo'ng'iroqni tugatishni taklif qiladilar, ammo juda yuqori narxda va ularning barchasi sizning telefoningizga raqam orqali SMS yuboradi.

Pochta stavkalari

Pochta xizmatlari tomonidan taqdim etiladi Post. Pochta kartalari va xatlar yuborish narxi:

• Ichki pochta (Irlandiya oroli): €1.00 (100 g gacha)
• Xalqaro pochta aloqasi (boshqa barcha yo'nalishlar): €1.70 (100 g gacha)

Ushbu stavkalar to'g'ri keladi Avgust 2019.