Shimoliy Irlandiya - Northern Ireland

	OGOHLANTIRISH: Ichki siyosiy muammolarning murakkablashishi sababli 2021 yil 30 martdan boshlab Shimoliy Irlandiyaning ittifoqchi hududlarida g'alayonlar bo'lib o'tdi. The Shimoliy Irlandiya politsiya xizmati veb-sayti tartibsizliklar haqida dolzarb ma'lumotlarni taqdim etadi. Halok bo'lmaganlar bo'lsa-da, g'ayrioddiy ko'p odamlarga va politsiyaning muhim faoliyatiga e'tibor bering. Agar transport vositasini boshqarayotgan bo'lsangiz, ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki avtoulovni o'g'irlash va o't qo'yish tartibsizliklar tomonidan sodir etilgan.
	(Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil aprelda yangilangan)

COVID-19 ma `lumot: Shimoliy Irlandiya qulflanmoqda. Ushbu davrda sizdan uyda qolish talab qilinadi. Siz faqat muhim maqsad yoki "maqbul bahona" bilan chiqishingiz mumkin, shu jumladan oziq-ovqat yoki dori-darmon sotib olishingiz mumkin. Komendantlik soati soat 20:00 dan 6:00 gacha amal qiladi, muhim bo'lmagan chakana va yaqin aloqalar xizmatlari yopiq (ushbu chakana sotuvchilar hech qanday chertish / qo'ng'iroq qilish va xizmatlarni yig'ish imkoniga ega emas). Restoranlar ochiq, ammo faqat qabul qilish va etkazib berish uchun. Irlandiya Respublikasidan, Buyuk Britaniyadan, Man orolidan va Kanal orollaridan Shimoliy Irlandiyaga kelayotgan va u erda kamida 24 soat bo'lgan sayohatchilar 10 kungacha o'zlarini ajratib turishlari kerak. Siz ijtimoiy masofadan turib mashq qilishingiz, jamoat joylarida yuzingizga niqob kiyishingiz va qo'llaringizni tez-tez yuvishingiz kerak. Eng dolzarb ma'lumot uchun: Shimoliy Irlandiya hukumatining koronavirus portali Sog'liqni saqlash va ijtimoiy yordam (HSC) kengashi Sog'liqni saqlash agentligi

(Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil 04-yanvarda yangilangan)

Shimoliy Irlandiya (Irland: Tuaisceart na hÉireann, Ulster Shotlandiya: Norlin Airlann) Irlandiya orolining bir qismidir va uning tarkibiga kiruvchi to'rt davlatdan biridir Birlashgan Qirollik. Zo'ravonlik va xavfli degan obro'ga ega bo'lsa-da, siyosiy vaziyat asosan barqarorlashdi va mamlakat Buyuk Britaniyaning boshqa qismlari singari tashrif buyurishda ham xavfsizdir.

Shimoliy Irlandiyada Gigantning yo'lagi, hayratomuz manzaralari, noyob manzaralari, jonli shaharlari va o'z hikoyalaringiz bilan qiziqqan mahalliy aholini kutib olish kabi jahon merosi joylari mavjud. Xit teleseriallar Taxtlar O'yini Shimoliy Irlandiyada ishlab chiqarilgan, bu erda ham ko'plab filmlar joylari joylashgan.

Mintaqalar

Shimoliy Irlandiyaning mintaqalari

Antrim okrugi Belfast, ajoyib Shimoliy qirg'oq va Gigantning yo'lagi.

Armag tumani Ilgari G'arbiy Evropadagi eng harbiylashtirilgan hudud va Navan Fortning uyi.

Londonderri okrugi Derri shahri ("Qiz shahar") bu erda.

County Down Sohil bo'yidagi go'zal kurort Bangor kabi, bu erda topilgan Morne tog'lari - ajoyib tabiiy go'zallik sohasi.

Fermanag tumani Irlandiya chegarasiga qo'shni bo'lgan qishloq okrugi, ko'plab ko'llari bilan mashhur.

Tайрон okrugi Sperrin tog'lari joylashgan qishloq tumani.

Shahar va shaharchalar

54 ° 39′29 ″ N 6 ° 39′29 ″ V

Shimoliy Irlandiyaning xaritasi

• 54.597-5.931 Belfast Shimoliy Irlandiyaning poytaxti va eng yirik shahri bo'lib, u yirik transport markazlari va eng yaxshi tashrif buyuruvchilarga ega. G'arbiy Belfastni 30 yildan ziyod harbiylashtirilgan mojaro yirtib tashladi. Markaziy va Janubiy Belfast - bu Viktoriya tomonidan qurilgan o'ziga ishongan metropol, Sharqiy tomoni esa Titanik kvartalida tiklangan.
• 54.512-6.0312 Lissurn muzeyida tasvirlangan Irlandiyaning zig'ir sanoatining o'rni edi.
• 54.66-5.673 Bangor orolning eng katta marinasi va yaxshi xaridlari joylashgan Shimoliy Daun shahridagi go'zal qirg'oq kurortidir.
• 54.3499-6.65464 Armagh Irlandiyaning (Anglikan) cherkovi va Rim-katolik cherkovi uchun cherkov cherkovining poytaxti hisoblanadi. Yaqin atrofdagi "qal'a" bu an'ana tarixdan oldingi davrlarda boshlanganligini ko'rsatadi.
• 55.133-6.6615 Kolerayn dengizdan 5 km uzoqlikda joylashgan Londonderri okrugidagi Bann daryosida u Irlandiyaning eng qadimgi ko'chmanchilaridan boshlangan ajoyib tarixga ega. Coleraine bugungi kunda mashhur Causeway Coast mintaqasining asosiy eshigi. Coleraine - bu ajoyib xarid qilish shahri, shuningdek, shaharning Ulster universitetida katta tomosha teatriga ega.
• 54.9958-7.30746 Derri yoki Londonderri (Doire CholmcilleFoyl daryosi bo'yidagi "Qizcha shahri" Shimoliy Irlandiyaning ikkinchi shahri va Irlandiyaning to'rtinchi shahri o'zining taniqli tosh devorlari uchun tashrif buyurishga arziydi (bu XVI asrga tegishli va yagona to'liq shahar) Irlandiyada devorlar).
• 54.345-7.647 Enniskillen Fermanag okrugining chiroyli asosiy shahri bo'lib, Lou Erne atrofidagi ko'llarni o'rganish uchun juda yaxshi.
• 54.176-6.3498 Newry ikki sobori bo'lgan chegara yaqinidagi qiziqarli shaharcha. Ular qandaydir tarzda butun qasrni nonvoyxonaning orqa qismida noto'g'ri talqin qilishdi.
• 54.598-7.3099 Omag 18-19 asrlarda Olsterdan Amerikaga ko'chish haqidagi hikoyaning ochiq muzeyi bo'lgan Ulster Amerika Xalq Parkiga ega.

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

Tullon okrugining Sperrinlaridagi mullagarn

• 54.166667-6.0833331 Morne tog'lari (na Beanna Boirche) - Morne tog'lari sayohatchilarning jannatidir, u erda qadimgi tog 'yo'llari sizni ko'llar, daryolar, o'rmonzorlar va ko'plab chiroyli cho'qqilargacha va taniqli Morne devoriga olib boradi. Mournes shuningdek, toshga chiqish uchun yaxshi imkoniyatlarni taqdim etadi. Slieve Donnard 852 m balandlikda (Mournes) eng baland tog'dir va Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi eng baland tog'dir. U sammitdan Angliya va Shotlandiya tomon ajoyib manzaralarni taqdim etadi.
• 55.240833-6.5116672 Shimoliy qirg'oq (Kavsoy qirg'og'i) - Shimoliy Irlandiyaning shimoliy qirg'og'i Evropaning eng yaxshi manzaralariga ega va unga ishonish kerak. Ushbu qirg'oq ajoyib tabiiy go'zallikka ega, u erda hayratlanarli va qo'pol qirg'oq romantik landshaftga qo'shilib, jim jilolalar va serhosil o'rmon parklari bilan bog'langan. Shuningdek, ajoyib sharsharalar, dramatik qasrlar va sirli xarobalar mavjud. Dunyoga mashhur Gigantning yo'lagi (Shimoliy Irlandiyaning yagona YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati) olti burchakli bazalt ustunlari va qadimgi Irlandiyalik gigantlarning ertaklari va dunyodagi eng qadimgi litsenziyalangan viski distillash zavodi "Old Bushmills" bilan Shimoliy Irlandiyaga har safar tashrif buyurish uchun zarur bo'lgan ikkita diqqatga sazovor joy. Portstewart, Castlerock va eng muhimi Portrush (Royal Portrush) da ajoyib golf maydonchalari mavjud. Chiroyli, buzilmagan qumli sayohlarni ham qirg'oq bo'ylab cho'zilgan.
• 55.292132-6.1916853 Ratlin oroli (Reachlainn) - Shimoliy Irlandiyaning materik bilan muntazam parom qatnovi bilan bog'langan, dengizda yashaydigan yagona orol.
• 54.618333-6.3952784 Lough Neagh (Loch nEathach) - 51 kvadrat mil (392 km²) da Britaniya orollaridagi maydoni bo'yicha eng katta ko'l mavjud. Shimoliy Irlandiyaning oltita tumanidan beshtasi Lou qirg'og'iga ega. Baliq ovlash va qushlarni kuzatish uchun mashhur joy.

Tushuning

Poytaxt	Belfast
Valyuta	funt sterling (GBP)
Aholisi	1,8 million (2015)
Elektr	230 volt / 50 gerts (BS 1363)
Mamlakat kodi	44
Vaqt zonasi	UTC ± 00: 00
Favqulodda vaziyatlar	999, 112
Haydash tomoni	chap
Wikidata-da tahrirlash

Shimoliy Irlandiya 1921 yilda Irlandiya 1920 yilgi Irlandiya hukumati tomonidan bo'linib bo'lgach tashkil topgan. Orolning katta qismi 1922 yilda Irlandiya Erkin Shtati (hozirgi Irlandiya Respublikasi) sifatida mustaqil bo'lgan. Shimoliy Irlandiya to'qqizta tarixiy okrugdan oltitasini o'z ichiga oladi Olster, to'rtta Irlandiyaning to'rtta viloyatidan biri, qolgan uchtasi (Monaghan, Kavan va Donegal) hozirgi zamonda qolish Irlandiya Respublikasi. Shu sababli, Shimoliy Irlandiyani ba'zan "Ulster" deb atashadi, hatto bu nom geografik jihatdan qat'iy ma'noda bo'lmasa ham. Ammo bunday foydalanish uyushma ma'nolariga ega va odatda millatchilar tomonidan rad etiladi.

Bir nechta ekstremistik harbiylashtirilgan tashkilotlar hanuzgacha faol bo'lishiga qaramay, viloyatga tashrif buyurish avvalgiga qaraganda ancha xavfsizroq.

Iqlim

Shimoliy Irlandiyada ob-havoni oldindan aytib bo'lmaydigan darajada mashhur va bir soat ichida meteorologik sharoitlarning to'liq majmuasini boshdan kechirish odatiy holdir. Orolning qolgan qismida bo'lgani kabi Irlandiya va Buyuk Britaniya, ayniqsa, viloyat yomg'irga moyil. Xuddi shunday Angliya, ob-havo - suhbatning umumiy mavzusi.

Tarix

Shimoliy Irlandiya aholisi asosan ikki guruhdan iborat. Garchi har doim g'arb o'rtasida aholi harakatlari bo'lgan Shotlandiya va Irlandiyaning shimoliy-sharqida, 16 va 17 asrlarda Shotlandiyadan odamlar nomi bilan tanilgan uyushgan joylashish bo'lgan Ulster plantatsiyasi. Ularning aksariyati ushbu hududda barpo etilgan yangi plantatsiyalarda ishlashga kelishdi (mahalliy irland aholisini majburan olib tashlash yo'li bilan). Irlandiyalik mahalliy aholi asosan Rim-katolik (bu g'arbiy nasroniylarning yagona dini bo'lgan davrda) bo'lgan, islohotdan keyin Shotlandiya ko'chmanchilari asosan protestantlar bo'lgan.

Diniy tafovut siyosiy bo'linishga aylandi: protestantlarning aksariyati Ittifoqchilar yoki (haddan tashqari) Sodiqlar, katoliklarning aksariyati esa Buyuk Britaniya bilan doimiy birlashishni qo'llab-quvvatlamoqda Millatchilar yoki (haddan tashqari) Respublikachilar. Millatchilar va respublikachilar ikkalasi ham birlashgan Irlandiyani xohlashadi, ammo millatchilar tinch siyosiy vositalardan foydalanadilar; Respublikachilar harakati zo'ravonlikni 2004 yilgacha birlashgan Irlandiyaga olib boradigan vosita sifatida izlagan. Ayriliq har doim mavjud bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, 1969 yilda katoliklar uchun fuqarolik huquqlari kampaniyasi namoyishchilarga sodiq tarafdorlari tomonidan hujum qilinganida zo'ravonlikka aylanganda, vaziyat qaynoq nuqtaga yetdi. Aynan o'sha davr evfemik tarzda "Muammolar" deb nomlangan edi. 1972 yilda Britaniya kuchlari qurolsiz namoyishchilarga plastik o'qlardan ko'ra to'g'ridan-to'g'ri o'q uzdilar. 14 kishi "Qonli yakshanba" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan kunda dafn etildi. Britaniya hukumati qurbonlarning oilalariga tovon puli to'lagan. Bu respublikachilar harakatini qo'llab-quvvatlashda muhim burilish bo'ldi, chunki katolik aholisi o'zlarini burilishga hech qanday joy qolmaganligini his qilishdi. Bu diniy yo'nalishlar bo'yicha samarali ravishda qayta polarizatsiya qilingan ajratish. Viloyatda ilgari harakatsiz bo'lgan harbiylashtirilgan guruhlar qayta tiklandi va yangilari paydo bo'ldi, ular uzoq yillar davomida fuqarolar urushi yoqasida o'tirdi. Muammolar paytida ekstremistlar tomonidan ko'plab qotilliklar sodir bo'lgan va zo'ravonlikni to'xtatish natijasida 1000 dan ortiq politsiya va askarlar va 370 respublikachilar va 160 sodiqlar o'lganlar.

Cherkovlar (London) Derri

1998 yilda, yillar davomida bo'lib o'tgan doimiy muzokaralardan so'ng Birlashgan Qirollik, Irlandiya Respublikasi harbiylashtirilgan guruhlar va mahalliy siyosiy partiyalar, Shartnoma imzolandi, bu viloyatdagi zo'ravonliklarning tugaganligidan dalolat beradi. Bunga ko'pincha Belfast shartnomasi yoki Xayrli juma shartnomasi imzolangan joy yoki kundan keyin. Terroristik harakatlar va tartibsizliklar darajasida deyarli darhol pasayish kuzatilgan bo'lsa-da, mintaqada barqarorlikni o'rnatish va hukumat bilan bog'liq kelishuvga erishish uchun bir necha yil kerak bo'ldi. Shartnoma doirasida Shimoliy Irlandiyaga Shimoliy Irlandiya Assambleyasi deb nomlanuvchi Vestminsterdan alohida qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyat hamda uning ichki ishlarida qonun chiqarish uchun cheklangan avtonomiya berildi.

Evropa Ittifoqidan chiqish bo'yicha 2016 yilgi referendum ("Brexit") Birlashgan Qirollikda umumiy ko'pchilik ovoz beruvchilarning 52 foizdan kamrog'ini tark etish tarafdori bo'lgan, Shimoliy Irlandiya saylovchilarining 56 foizi Buyuk Britaniyaning qolishini yoqlagan. Evropa Ittifoqi ichida. Biroq, "ta'til" ovozi asosan protestantlik hududlarida keng tarqalgan va bir necha Union partiyalari evro-skeptik pozitsiyalarni bildirishgan. Ayni paytda Irlandiyalik respublikachilar, shu jumladan Sinn Feyn rahbari Gerri Adams ovoz berishni Shimoliy Irlandiyaning Irlandiya Respublikasiga qo'shilishi bo'yicha qayta ovoz berish uchun chaqiriqlar uchun asos sifatida qabul qilishdi. Shimoliy Irlandiya va respublika o'rtasidagi chegara Yaxshi Juma kelishuvidan beri ochiq va Brexitdan keyin ham ochiq.

Odamlar

Aksariyat odamlar Shimoliy Irlandiya aholisining turli xil sadoqatlari haqida eshitgan. Biroq, Shimoliy Irlandiya aholisi mehmondo'st va mehmonlarga iliq munosabatda. Sizda odamlar bir-birlariga sodiqligini bilishadi degan fikr paydo bo'ladi, ammo tashrif buyuruvchilarni aniqlash qiyin bo'lishi mumkin.

Fuqarolar o'zlarini Irlandiyalik yoki Britaniyaliklar deb atashlari mumkin. Shunga o'xshash bo'linishlar joylarni nazarda tutishda ham mavjud, masalan, millatchilarga nisbatan "Strok Siti" Derri, Unionistlar uchun esa Londonderri. Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklar tug'ilishidan buyon Buyuk Britaniya fuqarolari bo'lishiga qaramay, ular Irlandiya fuqaroligini olish huquqiga ega va shuning uchun Britaniya pasportiga qo'shimcha yoki o'rniga Irlandiya pasporti bo'lishi mumkin.

Gapir

Ingliz tili hamma joyda gapirishadi, garchi o'ziga xos Ulster talaffuzini boshqa irland lahjalariga qaraganda qiyinroq anglashi mumkin. Ulster Shotlandiya (Ulster-Skotch) va Irland (Gaeilge) Ulster lahjasi (Canuint Uladh) ba'zi kichik jamoalarda qo'llaniladi. Ushbu uchtasi rasmiy tan olingan mahalliy tillardir. Ingliz tilida so'zlashganda, Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklar ingliz tilida so'zlashadiganlarning ko'pchiligiga qaraganda ancha tez gapirishga moyildirlar va juda ko'p mahalliy so'zlardan foydalanadilar. "Aye" (ha), "wee" (ozgina), "gallyus" (qasddan beparvolik qiladigan kishi), "we'un" (so'zma-so'z "wee one", ya'ni bolani anglatadi), "dander" (tasodifiy yurish) va "kulgili" (yaxshi vaqt / kulgili / kulgi, hech qanday nazorat qilinadigan moddalarning ma'nosiz). Mamlakat bo'ylab aksanlar va lahjalar bir-biridan sezilarli darajada farq qiladi, hatto ingliz tilini yaxshi biladigan chet ellik mehmonlar ham ma'lum aksanli odamlarni tushunishlari qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Biroq, Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklarning aksariyati sizni tushunishga qiynalayapman deb o'ylasalar, sekinlashadi va aniqroq gapirishadi.

Maktablarda ingliz tili ham adabiyot fani, ham til fani sifatida o'qitiladi. Ko'pgina katolik maktablarida va ba'zi grammatik maktablarda o'quvchilarga irland tilini o'rgatish odatiy holdir (garchi bu keng qo'llanilmasa ham) va shuning uchun ba'zi maktablarda ikki tilli belgilar mavjud va hokazo. Ko'pgina maktablarda frantsuz, ispan va nemis, ba'zan esa lotin tillari o'qitiladi, yoki ushbu tillarning kamida bittasi asosan o'rta maktab darajasida o'qitiladi. Afsuski, boshqa tillarda so'zlashadiganlar uchun ko'pincha ingliz tilida so'zlashadiganlarning chet tilini o'rganishga intilishi yo'q; shuning uchun Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklarning aksariyati siz bilan o'z ona tilingizda gaplasha olmaydilar, balki chet ellik mehmon uchun ingliz tilini tushunarli qilishga harakat qilishadi.

Irlandiyalik va Ulster Shotlandiyaliklar turli xil davlat va jamoat tashkilotlarida ishlatilgan bo'lsa-da, kamdan-kam hollarda yozma va hatto kamroq gapirishadi. Mamlakatdagi deyarli barcha ta'lim ingliz tilida; shuning uchun, irland tilini o'rganishga hojat yo'q, qisman katolik bo'lmagan maktablarning aksariyati buni o'rgatmaydi. Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklarning ko'pchiligida Olster Irish yoki Ulster Shotlandiyaliklari haqida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. Belfast shahridagi Falls-Road hududi o'zini Gaeltacht (Irish tilida so'zlashadigan) kvartal deb tan oldi; aks holda, irlandcha asosan cheklangan ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda gaplashadi va respublikaga qaraganda ancha kam uchraydi. Ya'ni, BBC Ikki Shimoliy Irlandiyada cheklangan miqdordagi dasturni Ulster Irish tilida namoyish etadi. Shotlandiyaliklar ilgari sharqiy Olsterda, xususan Antrim okrugida keng tarqalgan edi, ammo hozirda bir nechta qishloq jamoalari bundan mustasno, ammo ko'plab shotlandcha so'zlar va so'z birikmalari Ulster ingliz tiliga kirib borgan.

Chiqinglar

Immigratsiya, viza va bojxona talablari

Shimoliy Irlandiya Buyuk Britaniyaning bir qismidir, shuning uchun u Angliya, Shotlandiya va Uels kabi kirish talablariga to'liq javob beradi.

• Buyuk Britaniya va Crown Dependencies fuqarolari pasportisiz Shimoliy Irlandiyaga borishlari va yashash, ishlash va imtiyozlardan foydalanish huquqiga ega.
• Irlandiya fuqarolari Buyuk Britaniya fuqarolari singari huquqqa ega.
• Boshqa Evropa Ittifoqi mamlakatlari fuqarolari qisqa tashriflar uchun viza talab qilmaydilar (masalan, ta'til, oilaviy tashriflar, ish uchrashuvlari), lekin Buyuk Britaniyada ishlash yoki o'qish uchun viza talab qilinadi. Qarang Brexit tafsilotlar uchun.
• Islandiya, Lixtenshteyn, Norvegiya va Shveytsariya fuqarolari Evropa Ittifoqi bilan bir xil qoidalarga ega (va bundan keyin ham shunday bo'lishi mumkin).
• Argentina, Avstraliya, Braziliya, Kanada, Isroil, Yaponiya, Meksika, Yangi Zelandiya, Janubiy Koreya, Tayvan, AQSh va Urugvay fuqarolari 6 oydan kam tashrif buyurish uchun viza talab qilmaydi.
• Ko'pgina boshqa mamlakatlar vizani Britaniyaning eng yaqin elchixonasi, Oliy komissiyasi yoki konsulligidan olishlari shart.
• Irlandiya Respublikasi va Shimoliy Irlandiya o'rtasida pasport nazorati yoki chegara tekshiruvi mavjud emas. Shu bilan birga, tashrif buyuruvchilar Buyuk Britaniyaga kirishga ruxsat beruvchi har qanday tegishli hujjatlarni, masalan, pasport / shaxsiy guvohnoma va viza olib yurishlari shart.
• Buyuk Britaniyada Millatlar Hamdo'stligi va Britaniyaga qaram bo'lgan hududlar fuqarolari uchun Dam olish kunlari uchun ishchi sxemasi mavjud. Bu Buyuk Britaniyada yashash huquqini cheklagan holda 2 yilgacha yashash huquqini beradi.
• Buyuk Britaniyaning boshqa joylaridan Shimoliy Irlandiyaga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan tovarlarga nisbatan cheklovlar mavjud va aksincha. Muayyan tovarlarni import qilishda tariflar kelib chiqishi mumkin. Ga qarang Brexit maqola va Buyuk Britaniya hukumati veb-sayti ko'proq infloration uchun.

Ushbu talablar to'g'risida qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun Buyuk Britaniya hukumatining veb-sayti.

Samolyotda

Jorjning eng yaxshi aeroporti: Flybe 2020 yilda avj oldi, ammo boshqa aviakompaniyalar Belfastga yo'l olishdi

Shimoliy Irlandiyaga deyarli barcha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar Buyuk Britaniya, G'arbiy Evropa va O'rta er dengizidan amalga oshiriladi. Irlandiya Respublikasidan reyslar yo'q, chunki masofalar juda qisqa.

Jorjning eng yaxshi Belfast shahridagi aeroport (BHD ^IATA) Belfast shahar markazidan 2 milya sharqda joylashgan bo'lib, asosan Buyuk Britaniyadan parvozlar amalga oshiriladi. British Airways London Xitroudidan va KLM Amsterdamdan parvoz qiladi, ikkalasi ham global aloqada. Shaharga tez-tez avtobus bor, yoki Sydenxem temir yo'l stantsiyasiga bepul avtobusda borishingiz mumkin, qarang Belfast # Kiring tafsilotlar uchun.

Belfast xalqaro aeroporti (BFS ^IATA), Aldergrove nomi bilan ham tanilgan, Belfastdan 20 mil g'arbda. Bu Buyuk Britaniyaning bir nechta aloqalariga ega va asosan EasyJet tomonidan Evropadan parvozlar uchun asosiy aeroport hisoblanadi. Belfast shahar markaziga avtobus bor, boshqasi o'rtasida Lissurn va Antrim Shimoliy Irlandiyaning boshqa joylarida transport uchun; qarang Belfast # Kiring.

Derri shahri aeroporti (LDY ^IATA) Ryanairning Liverpul va Edinburgdan parvozlari va mavsumiy Med. Aeroport Eglintondan besh mil sharqda joylashgan Derri, shaharga avtobus bilan.

Dublin aeroporti (DUB ^IATA) Evropadan tashqarida, masalan, AQSh va Fors ko'rfazi davlatlari orqali parvoz qilish uchun yaxshi imkoniyatdir. Dublin shahridan shimolda, shimolda katta yo'lda, Nyuri va Belfastga soatiga avtobuslar bor.

Poyezdda

Buyuk Viktoriya ko'chasi stantsiyasi, Belfast

Kimdan Dublin Connolly stantsiyasida Enterprise Train sakkiz marotaba M-Sa, beshta yakshanba kuni Drogheda, Dundalk, Newry va Portadown orqali Belfast Lanyon Placega qatnaydi. Bu Evropaning asosiy avtovokzalining yonidagi Buyuk Viktoriya ko'chasi stantsiyasiga xizmat qilmaydi.

Boshqa poezdlar Belfastning bir nechta stantsiyalarida to'xtashadi:

Kimdan Derri va Portrush Coleraine, Ballymena va Antrim orqali soatiga (Belfast xalqaro aeroporti uchun) Lanyon Place va Buyuk Viktoriya ko'chasiga.

Kimdan Portadaun har 30 daqiqada Lissurn va o'nlab shahar stantsiyalari, Sydenham (Belfast City aeroporti uchun) va Bangor orqali.

Kimdan Larne Carrickfergus orqali soatiga Lanyon Place va Buyuk Viktoriya ko'chasiga.

Avtobusda

Dublinning 400-sonli marshruti Dublin Custom House Quay-dan Belfast Glengall ko'chasigacha soatiga to'xtovsiz xizmat qiladi (har kuni soat 5:30 dan 20:30 gacha). 2020 yil oktyabridan boshlab chiptalar bitta yoki 8 funt sterlingga 10 evroga, qaytish uchun 16 funtga yoki 20 evroga teng bo'lib, ikkita bola bitta kattalar bilan bepul sayohat qilishlari mumkin. Translink murabbiylar Dublin Busaras va aeroportdan Belfast Europa avtobus markazigacha har 1-2 soat (har kuni soat 7-8 larda) ishlaydi; ba'zilari Newryda to'xtaydi, va barchasi Lissurnning chekkasidagi Banbridge va Sprucefield savdo markazida to'xtaydi. Kattalar uchun tariflar juda o'xshash, ammo bolalar uchun yo'l haqi qimmatroq va to'lov faqat evroda qabul qilinadi.

Citylink / Ulsterbus kuniga 2-3 marta Edinburgdan Glazgo, Ayr va Cairnryan paromi orqali Belfastga qatnaydi.

Odatda Londondan Viktoriya va Manchesterdan Cairnryan orqali Belfastgacha National Express avtobuslari bor, ammo ular 2020 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab to'xtatib turiladi. Ularning sayohati rejalashtiruvchisi Glazgoga avtobusda borishni va Citylinkga o'tishni taklif qiladi, ammo Dublin orqali sayohat osonroq.

Mashinada

M1 / N1 / A1 Dublinni Belfast bilan bog'laydi va respublikadan boshqa ko'plab o'tish joylari mavjud. Cheklar yo'q va siz chegarada ko'rganlaringiz shimolga qarab tezlik tezligi soatiga mil bo'lganligini eslatadi. Janubga qarab sizga km / soat tezlik tezligini tanlash taklif etiladi teorainneacha luais ciliméadair san uair. Buyuk Britaniyaga kirish huquqiga ega ekanligingizni tekshirishingiz kerak (yuqoriga qarang), sizda biron bir zarur bo'lgan sayohat hujjatlari bor va sizning avtomobil sug'urtasi yoki ijara shartnomasi Shimoliy Irlandiya uchun amal qiladi - bu har qanday holatda avtomatik bo'lishi kerak respublikadan ijaraga berish.

Paromda

Belfastdagi Stena Line terminali

Piyoda yo'lovchilar har doim avtobus / poezd va parom orqali chiptalarni qidirishlari kerak, chunki ular alohida chiptalarga qaraganda ancha arzon.

• Yaqin atrofdagi Cairnryan'dan Stranraer Shotlandiyada, Stena liniyasi suzib borish Belfast kuniga besh marta, 2 soat 15 min.
• Cairnryan-dan feribotlar Larne 2021 yil boshidan to'xtatib qo'yilgan.
• Kimdan Birkenhead Liverpul yaqinida, Stena Line har kuni Belfastga suzib boradi, soat 8 da.
• Men orolidan paromlar 2021 yil boshidan to'xtatilgan.
• Paromlar suzib ketishadi Dublin Birkenxed, Holyhead (bu Angliyadan eng tez yo'l) va qit'adan. Dublin porti tunnel orqali shimolga avtomagistral bilan bog'langan, shuning uchun avtoulovchilar shahar markazidagi trafikdan qochib, 3 soat ichida Shimoliy Irlandiyaga etib kelishadi.
• Kimdan Kempbeltaun Shotlandiyada piyoda yo'lovchilar uchun mo'ljallangan parom aprel-sentyabr oylariga qadar suzib boradi Ballycastle keyin oldinga Islay, tushdan keyin qaytib. Kunduzgi ekskursiyalar rejalashtirilgan, ammo siz bir tomonlama sayohat qilishingiz mumkin. 2020 yilda suzib o'tmadi va kelajakdagi jadval noma'lum.
• Grinordan sharqqa Dundalk Respublikada, feribot Carlingford Loughning ochilishidan o'tib, County Down shahridagi Greencastle-ga o'tadi. U transport vositalarini olib yuradi, lekin faqat yozda suzadi, qarang Newry # kiring tafsilotlar uchun.
• Greencastle'dan Donegal okrugi, feribot Lour Foylning chiqish qismidan Derrining shimolidagi Makgilligans punktiga o'tadi. Shuningdek, u transport vositalarini olib yuradi, lekin faqat yozda suzadi, qarang Londonderri okrugi # Kirish.

Atrofga boring

Mashinada

Qo'ylar ko'prigi yaqinidagi Belfast - Dublin yo'li

Agar siz mashinani ijaraga olishga qodir bo'lsangiz, unda Shimoliy Irlandiyada sayohat qilish juda yoqimli voqea. Ko'pgina haydovchilar yo'l harakati qoidalariga rioya qilishadi (tezlikni oshirgandan tashqari) va boshqa haydovchilarga nisbatan muloyim. Ba'zi hududlarda, agar siz odamni tanimasangiz ham, o'tib ketayotgan mashinada tebranish yoqimli ishoradir. Shimoliy qirg'oqdagi ko'plab yo'llar juda burilishli, ammo ajoyib manzaralarni taqdim etadi va yo'l davomida to'xtash va tabiiy go'zallikni jalb qilish uchun ko'plab joylar mavjud.

Shimoliy Irlandiyaning avtomagistral tizimi Belfastni Dungannon, Ballymena va Nyutaunbey bilan bog'laydi. Barcha yirik shaharlar va shaharlar yo'l bilan yaxshi bog'langan. Tezlik chegaralari:

Avtomobil yo'llari va ikkita qatnov yo'llari - soatiga 70 mil (112 km / soat)

Boshqa yo'llar (shahar tashqarisida) - soatiga 60 mil (96 km / soat)

Shahar joylari (shahar va shaharlar) - soatiga 30 mil (48 km / soat) va vaqti-vaqti bilan 40 milya.

Ko'pgina haydovchilar doimiy ravishda tezlikni oshiradilar, odatda soatiga 10 dan 20 milya tezlik chegarasidan yuqori. Kimdir soatiga 60 yoki 70 mil tezlikda yurishi va boshqa ko'plab mashinalar bosib o'tishi odatiy holdir. Shunda Belfastda va chegara yaqinida bundan mustasno, tezlikni ushlagichlar va kameralar juda kam ekanligi ajablanarli emas va ko'plab haydovchilar buni o'z manfaatlari yo'lida ishlatishadi. O'tgan yillarda atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish vazirligi tomonidan tezlikni oshirish va ichkilikbozlikni boshqarish muammosiga qarshi kurashish uchun ko'plab reklama kampaniyalari bo'lib o'tdi, ular tez-tez tezlikni oshirib yuborish va spirtli ichimliklarni boshqarish oqibatlarining grafik reklamalarini o'z ichiga oladi. Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi taniqli avariya qora tanli joyi - bu har yili NorthWest 200 mototsikl yo'llari poygasi bo'lib o'tadigan Coleraine, Portstewart va Portrush atrofidagi asosiy yo'llar aylanasi va shu sababli agressiv mototsikl haydash odatiy holdir va yo'llar yilning aksariyat davrida qattiq patrul qilinadi. Natijada.

Aksariyat asosiy A yo'llar juda yaxshi standartga ega, chunki ko'pchilik sekinroq harakatlanishni ta'minlash uchun ma'lum nuqtalarda bosib o'tib ketishadi. B yo'llari ko'pincha juda tor bo'lgan va unchalik ko'p bo'lmagan yo'l belgilariga ega bo'lgan kichik qishloq yo'llari. Haydovchilar boshqa yo'llardan o'tayotganda B yo'llarida ehtiyot bo'lishlari kerak va katta miqdordagi tirbandlikka duch kelganda sekinlashishi va to'xtab qolishi kerak.

Shimoliy Irlandiyada yo'l-transport hodisalarining nisbatan yuqori ko'rsatkichlari mavjud va viloyatda qolganlarga nisbatan bir oz boshqacha haydovchilik qonunlari qo'llaniladi. Buyuk Britaniya. E'tiborga molik farq shundaki, yangi malakali haydovchilarni litsenziyasi berilganidan keyin birinchi o'n ikki oy davomida avtoulovda ko'rsatiladigan 'R' plitalari bilan aniqlash mumkin. Ushbu plitalar majburiydir. Ushbu plitalarni aks ettiruvchi haydovchilar barcha yo'llarda, shu jumladan, er-xotin qatnov qismlarida va avtomagistrallarda soatiga 45 mil (72 km / soat) bilan cheklangan. Buyuk Britaniyaning qolgan qismida "L" plitalari singari, "R" plitalarini ko'rsatadigan haydovchilar ko'pincha yo'lning g'azablanishiga duchor bo'lishadi va ularga katta sabr-toqat berishmaydi. Ko'pgina Shimoliy Irlandiyaliklar "R" haydovchilari 45 milya tezlikda harakatlanayotganda yo'lda xavf tug'diradi, deb hisoblashadi, chunki boshqa haydovchilar xavfli vaziyatlarda ularni bosib o'tishlari mumkin.

Politsiya xavfsizligini nazorat qilish punktlari yana bir bor keng tarqalgan. Tekshirish punktiga yaqinlashganda, faralaringizni tushiring va agar ko'rsatilgan bo'lsa, to'xtating. Politsiya litsenziyangizni tekshirib, o'zingiznikiga qarashni xohlashi mumkin yuklash: Xavotir olmang, barchasi juda muntazam.

Agar siz dizel yoqilg'isini sotish uchun juda yaxshi narx topadigan joyni topsangiz, ehtimol siz haqsiz va bu sizning dvigatelingizni buzishi mumkin bo'lgan dizel yoqilg'isi bo'ladi. Guruhlar soliqsiz "Yashil" yoki "Qizil" dizel yoqilg'isini sotib olib, keyin zararli va noqonuniy kimyoviy jarayonni ishlatib, bo'yoq moddasini olib tashlashadi va katta miqdordagi noqonuniy foyda olishadi.

Siz Irlandiya Respublikasidan chegarani kesib o'tishda masofani o'lchash farqiga tayyor bo'lishingiz kerak (millar va kilometrlarga nisbatan kilometrlar).

Avtomobil ijarasi

Shimoliy Irlandiyaga avtomobillar ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar Respublikadagidek xizmat ko'rsatmaydilar. Ayrim Irlandiyalik avtoulovlarni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar Belfastda tushishni taklif qilishadi, boshqalari Belfast shahrida joylashgan. Chegaradan janubga borishingiz kerak bo'lsa, avtoulovlarni ijaraga oladigan kompaniyangiz bilan maslahatlashing - bu har doim ham avtomatik ravishda kiritilmaydi.

Avtobus va poezdda

Shuningdek qarang Irlandiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat

Translink Shimoliy Irlandiya jamoat transporti tizimini boshqarish.

Avtobuslar odatda kichik temir yo'l tarmog'i tufayli jamoat transportining eng keng tarqalgan shakli hisoblanadi. Qaerga borishingizga qarab, viloyat bo'ylab sayohat qilishni rejalashtirayotgan bo'lsangiz, ikki yoki undan ortiq kishining partiyalari mashina ijarasi orqali pul tejashlari mumkin.

Narxlar oqilona, ​​masalan, Derri / Londonderridan Belfastgacha, dushanbadan shanbagacha soat 9: 30dan keyin poezdda 12,30 funt sterling, keyin esa NI temir yo'l tarmog'ining istalgan joyida sayohat qilish imkoniyatini beradigan "Day Tracker" chiptasi uchun 8,00 funt sterling. Yakshanba va barcha poezdlarga sakrab o'ting (bundan tashqari, siz chegarani kesib o'tolmaysiz).

Velosipedda

Agar siz Shimoliy Irlandiyada sayohat qilishni o'ylayotgan bo'lsangiz, unda ishlab chiqarilgan xaritalar va qo'llanmalarni sotib olishni o'ylab ko'rishingiz kerak Sustrans rivojlanishiga yordam bergan milliy yo'nalishlarga hamrohlik qilish. Marshrutlarni topish mumkin Velosiped xaritasini oching, ammo Sustrans yo'riqnomalari yaqin atrofda qolish yoki tashrif buyurish uchun foydalidir.

Qarang

Carrick-A-Redening ko'rinishi

• Gigantning yo'lagi - Jahon merosi ob'ekti va milliy tabiiy qo'riqxona. Giants Causeway, asosan, juda g'ayrioddiy va o'ziga xos vulkanik tosh shakllanishiga ega qirg'oq va jarliklarning hududidir. Bu ism mahalliy Fionn Makkool afsonasidan kelib chiqqan, chunki bu toshlar bir paytlar Shotlandiyada to'g'ridan-to'g'ri dengiz bo'ylab, xuddi shunday toshlar bilan tugagan ko'prikning (yoki yo'lakning) bir qismi bo'lgan, ammo Benandonner tomonidan bog'langan toshlar buzib tashlangani aytilgan. Fionnning rafiqasi uni aldab, Fionnni ulkan deb ishonganida.
• Carrick-a-Rede arqon ko'prigi, yaqin Ballycastle - Ism tom ma'noda yo'ldagi toshni anglatadi. Carrick-A-Rede - bu losos baliqchilari bir necha yil oldin losos baliqlarini mukammal baliq ovlash uchun qurgan orol bilan materikni bog'laydigan arqon ko'prigi. Haqiqatan ham shamolli hududdagi arqon ko'prigi tufayli bu sayyohlarning diqqatga sazovor joyiga aylandi.
• Ulster Amerika Xalq Parki yaqinidagi ochiq muzeydir Omag Tyron okrugida, 18 va 19-asrlarda Ulsterdan Shimoliy Amerikaga ko'chish haqidagi voqeani tasvirlaydi. Eski dunyo bo'limi mavjud, bu safarning o'zi, keyin esa Yangi dunyoda muhojirlarning hayoti.
• Marmar arch g'orlari - Global Geopark yaqinida Belcoo Fermanaghda.
• Siyosiy rasmlar Protestant va katolik mahallalari tutashgan "interfeys zonalarida" keng tarqalgan, shuning uchun g'arbiy Belfast va Derri juda ko'p. Ular binolarning devorlariga bo'yalgan va mahalliy sadoqatlarni e'lon qilgan. Ular siyosiy voqealar bilan kelishadi va ketishadi - 2014 yilda bitta muhim seriya Strabane Falastin bilan birdamlik bildirdi - shuning uchun kuzatishga arziydigan misollar bor-yo'qligini so'rang.
• To'q rangli buyurtma paradlari - bu jonli tarixning bir qismi, kvintessensial Shimoliy Irlandiya, shuning uchun iloji bo'lsa, ulardan birini oling. Ular to'la anjir regaliyasi va karsonitdan yasalgan bowka shlyapalarini kiyib, ko'chada piyoda va barabanning balandligi bo'ylab yurishadi. Ular, albatta, munozarali: ular shimolda protestantlik va ittifoqchilar hukmronligini ramziy ma'noga ega, ularning ohanglari faqat inklyuziv narsadir, va ular qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishdi (va izlashdi). Biroq, ular endi Parad komissiyasi tomonidan tartibga solinadi, ular o'zlarining marshrutlarini tekshiradilar va ularga huquqbuzarlik keltirib chiqaradigan mahallalar bo'ylab yurishga ruxsat bermaydilar. Bugungi kunda yurish guruhlari o'zlarining protestantlik / ittifoqchilik asoslarini birlashtirmoqdalar va "hamjamiyat" so'zini juda ko'p ishlatishmoqda, garchi hanuzgacha bu katolik qat'iyatli bo'lsa ham. Yozgi yurish mavsumi 12-iyulda, 1690 yilgi Irlandiyada protestant gegemonligini poydevor qilgan Boyne jangi munosabati bilan 1690 yilgi Boyne jangi munosabati bilan va 200 yil Shimoliy Irlandiyada yakunlanadi. (12-chi yakshanba bo'lsa, yurishlar va rasmiy ta'til 13-dushanba kuni bo'ladi - bu keyingi 2026 yilda sodir bo'ladi.) Barcha asosiy shaharlarda paradlar bor, va Belfastda juda katta. Ertalabki paradlar tinch, chunki hamma hushyor va onalari tomosha qilayotganini bilishadi. Peshindan keyin o'tkaziladigan paradlar, pabda bir kundan keyin futbol olomoniga o'xshaydi, alkogolli ichimliklar bilan bog'liq tartibsizlik bo'lishi mumkin, shunchaki o'z fikringizdan foydalanib, aniq harakat qiling. Paradlarning to'liq jadvalini ko'rish uchun Komissiya veb-sayti: ular bunday tadbirlarning barchasini nafaqat "To'q rang" ordeni bilan tartibga soladilar, balki antiqa traktor mitinglarida yoki "Santa Santa" ning xayriya chanasida uzoq vaqt o'ylab o'tirishga hojat yo'q.

Qil

• Regbi ittifoqi Irlandiya terma jamoasida Shimoliy Irlandiya va Respublika. Ulster Ragbi - Evropaning eng yuqori ligasi (asosan Seltik) Pro14da o'ynaydigan Irlandiyaning to'rtta professional jamoalaridan biri. Ularning uyi - Belfast janubidagi Ravenhill (homiysi Kingspan stadioni).
• Futbol (futbol) kam rivojlangan va Shimoliy Irlandiyaning eng yaxshi futbolchilari odatda o'ynaydi Ingliz tili klublar. Shimoliy Irlandiyada o'z xalqaro jamoasi bor, ular Evropa turnirlarida cheklangan muvaffaqiyat bilan o'ynaydilar. Klublarning asosiy musobaqasi - 12 jamoadan iborat NIFL yoki Danske Bank Premer-ligasi. Linfild FK ko'pincha g'alaba qozongan - ular va terma jamoa Belfast janubidagi Vindzor Parkida o'ynashadi.
• Gal futboli shuningdek o'ynaladi; Shimoliy Irlandiyada na hurling, na kamuji ko'p o'ynaladi.
• Irland tilini o'rganing: shimoldagi ozchiliklar tili, ammo bu orqaga qaytmoqda. Chulturlann G'arbda Belfast barcha darajadagi qobiliyatlar uchun muntazam ravishda mashg'ulotlar olib boradi va Irlandiya kitoblari va boshqa o'quv materiallariga ega.

Sotib oling

Valyuta

Shimoliy Irlandiyaning rasmiy valyutasi funt sterlingdir. Angliya bankining kupyuralari hamma tomonidan qabul qilingan bo'lsa-da, uchta Shimoliy Irlandiya banki (AIB, Irlandiya banki, Danske banki va Ulster banki) ham tez-tez foydalanishga moyil bo'lgan o'z versiyalarini nashr etadilar. Shimoliy Irlandiya notalari Buyuk Britaniyaning qolgan qismida umuman qabul qilinmaydi, garchi ba'zi materik do'konlari ularni qabul qilsa ham. Shimoliy Irlandiya banknotalarini Buyuk Britaniyaning boshqa biron bir joyida Angliya banki kupyuralariga bepul almashtirish mumkin.

Shimoliy Irlandiya Irlandiya Respublikasi bilan katta miqdordagi savdo-sotiqni amalga oshiradi, bu erda evro ishlatiladi va shuning uchun chegara hududlarda va shahar markazlarida ko'plab savdo nuqtalari evroni qabul qiladi. Aksariyat chakana sotuvchilar evroni qabul qiladimi yoki yo'qmi, aks ettiradi. Whilst euro notes may be accepted, coins will not.

Virtually all shops and pubs in Derry, Strabane, Enniskillen and Newry will accept the euro as payment. In addition, many major pubs and shopping outlets in Belfast city centre now accept it. In particular, the pub company Botanic Inns Ltd and the shopping centre Castle Court accept the euro. Many phone kiosks in Northern Ireland also accept euro coins, but by no means all outside Belfast. Vendors in Northern Ireland are under no obligation, though, to accept euro as they are not the official currency.

Yemoq

A popular dish is an assortment of fried food, called the "Ulster Fry". It consists of eggs, bacon, tomatoes, sausages, potato bread and soda bread. Some versions include mushrooms or baked beans. Fries are generally prepared as the name suggests, everything is fried in a pan. Traditionally lard was used, but due to health concerns, it has been replaced with oils such as rapeseed and olive. Historically, it was popular with the working class.

Some shops on the north coast close to Ballycastle sell a local delicacy called dulse. This is a certain type of seaweed, usually collected, washed and sun-dried from the middle of summer through to the middle of autumn. Additionally, in August, the lamas fair is held in Ballycastle, and a traditional sweet, called "yellow man" is sold in huge quantities. As you can tell from the name, it's yellow in colour, it's also very sweet, and can get quite sticky. If you can, try to sample some yellow man, just make sure you have use of a toothbrush shortly after eating it... it'll rot your teeth!

The cuisine in Northern Ireland is similar to that in the Birlashgan Qirollik as a whole, with dishes such as fish and chips a popular fast food choice. Local dishes such as various types of stew and potato-based foods are also very popular. 'Champ' is a local speciality consisting of creamed potatoes mixed with spring onions.

With the advent of the peace process, the improvements in economic conditions for many people in Northern Ireland, there has been a great increase in the number of good restaurants, especially in the larger towns such as Belfast and Derry. Indeed it would be difficult for a visitor to either of those cities not to find a fine-dining establishment to suit their tastes, and wallet.

There is a strong emphasis on local produce. Locally produced meats, cheeses and drinks can be found in any supermarket. For the real Northern Irish experience, sample Tayto brand cheese and onion flavoured crisps: these are nothing short of being a local icon and are available everywhere.

Ichish

Bushmills Distillery

The legal drinking age in Northern Ireland is 18. People of 16-17 may be served beer and wine with meals if accompanied by a sober adult. Pubs are generally open Su-Th until 23:00 and F Sa to 01:00.

• Bushmills Whiskey is made in that town on the north coast. The distillery tours are very much on the tourist circuit.
• Guinness: it's a Marmite thing, you either like that burnt flavour or you don't, and there's no shame in not liking it. It's just as popular in Northern Ireland as in the Republic, and the Guinness family were famously Protestant. But Guinness established such commercial dominance that other breweries struggled, and it was easier to find continental beers in Northern Ireland than anything brewed locally. Micro- and craft breweries are now appearing - they're described for individual towns so try their products, but few offer tours. One that does is Hilden in Lisburn.
• Belfast Distillery is nowadays just a retail park, commemorated in several street names. There are plans to convert cells within the former Crumlin Road jail into a whiskey distillery, but in 2020 the only spirits you might encounter are the unquiet dead on the jail's "paranormal tours". Belfast Artisan Distillery makes gin several miles north at Newtownabbey; no tours.
• Echlinville Distillery in Kircubbin south of Newtownards produce whiskey, which first came to market in 2016; no tours.
• Niche Drinks in Derry produce a blended whiskey, but their main line is cream liqueurs, Irish coffee and the like; no tours.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

Memorial to five people killed by the IRA in 1975 in a Belfast pub

Northern Ireland has changed greatly in the years since the peace agreement was signed in 1998, though its troubles have not entirely ceased. There remains a high frequency of terrorist incidents in Northern Ireland, with the UK Home Office defining the current threat level as 'severe'. Tourists, however, are not the target of such terrorist incidents and therefore are highly unlikely to be affected. There is a significant risk of disruption caused by incidents of civil unrest during the contentious 'marching season' which takes place each year over the summer months. The U.S. State Department advises visitors to Northern Ireland to remain 'alert' during their visit and to keep themselves abreast of political developments.

Most visits to Northern Ireland, however, are trouble-free, and visitors are unlikely to frequent the areas that are usually affected by violence. Northern Ireland has a significantly lower crime rate than the rest of the United Kingdom, with tourists being less likely to encounter criminality in Belfast than any other UK capital.

Northern Ireland has one of the lowest crime rates among industrialised countries. According to statistics from the U.N. International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS 2004), Northern Ireland has one of the lowest crime rates in Europe, lower than the United States and the rest of the United Kingdom, and even during the Troubles, the murder rate was still lower than in most large American cities (although this does not take into account the vastly lower population figures). The latest ICVS show that Japan is the only industrialised place safer than Northern Ireland. Almost all visitors experience a trouble-free stay.

The Police Service of Northern Ireland (formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary yoki RUC) is the police force in Northern Ireland. Unlike the Garda Síochána in the Republic, the PSNI are routinely armed with handguns and/or long arms. The police still use heavily-armoured Land Rover vehicles; do not be concerned by this, as it doesn't mean that trouble is about to break out. There is a visible police presence in Belfast va Derry, and the police are approachable and helpful. Almost all police stations in Northern Ireland are reinforced with fencing or high, blast-proof walls. It is important to remember that there is still a necessity for this type of protection and that it is a visible reminder of the province's past.

As with most places, avoid being alone at night in urban areas. In addition, avoid wearing clothes that could identify you, correctly or not, as being from one community or the other, for example Celtic or Rangers football kits. Do not express a political viewpoint (pro-Nationalist or pro-Unionist) unless you are absolutely sure you are in company that will not become hostile towards you for doing so. Even then, you should be sure that you know what you're talking about. It would be even better to act as if you either don't know about the conflict or don't care. Avoid political gatherings where possible. Many pubs have a largely cultural and political atmosphere (such as on the Falls Road, the mostly Nationalist main road in West Belfast, and the Newtownards Roads in predominantly Unionist East Belfast), but expressing an opinion among good company, especially if you share the same view, will usually not lead to any negative consequences. People are generally more lenient on tourists if they happen to say something controversial, and most will not expect you to know much about the situation.

Traffic through many towns and cities in Northern Ireland tends to become difficult at times for at least a few days surrounding the 12th July due to the Orange Parades and some shops may close for the day or for a few hours. The parades have been known to get a bit rowdy in certain areas but have vastly improved. Additionally, the last Saturday in August is known as "Black Saturday" which is the end of the marching season. Trouble can break out without warning, though locals or Police officers will be more than happy to advise visitors on where to avoid. The Twelfth Festival in Belfast is being re-branded as a tourist-friendly family experience and efforts are being made to enforce no-alcohol rules aimed at reducing trouble.

Pickpockets and violent crime are rare so you can generally walk around the main streets of Belfast or any other city or town without fear during the day.

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If you are dialling from one telephone in Northern Ireland to another, you do not need to add any area code. If dialling from the rest of the UK use the code (028). If dialling from elsewhere you can dial a Northern Ireland number by using the UK country code 44, followed by the Northern Ireland area code 28. If dialling from the Republic of Ireland, you can use the code (048), or you can dial internationally using the UK country code.

International phone cards are widely available in large towns and cities within Northern Ireland, and phone boxes accept payment in GBP£ and Euro. Buying a cheap pay as you go phone is also an option which can be purchased from any of the five main phone networks, O2-UK, Orange, Vodafone, T-Mobile and Three. O2 will have the best nationwide coverage and is the most popular network choice for many people. Any phone that is bought in Northern Ireland uses the United Kingdom's cell network and therefore when entering the Republic of Ireland you will be subjected to the usual EU roaming charges. It's quite common for phones in Northern Ireland to switch over to Irish networks when near border areas such as in the North West near Donegal etc. This is also true the other way around, as you can travel some distance into the Republic of Ireland while still maintaining a UK phone signal. The networks available in the Republic of Ireland are O2-IE, Meteor, Three and Vodafone IE so ensure not to get confused between the UK and Irish versions of O2, Three and Vodafone.

Free Wi-Fi is available at various hotels and restaurants across the country. Wi-Fi may also be available in various locations from unsecured networks from local businesses or pubs/clubs, etc. Internet cafes are less common in Northern Ireland but there are computers for use at the libraries which you may use after registering with the library service. Broadband speeds in Northern Ireland vary from fast to non existent. In towns and cities expect the Internet to be quite speedy but the further you get out from the towns the slower the Internet may become.

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A Peace Line in Belfast

The province's troubled past has created a uniquely complex situation within Northern Ireland's society. Integration, or even interaction, between the two main religious groups varies hugely depending on where you are: for example, in affluent South Belfast or Bangor, those from Catholic and Protestant backgrounds live side by side, as they have for generations, whereas in West Belfast, the two communities are separated by a wall.

If you are not British or Irish, the main thing to avoid is pontificating about the situation or taking one particular side over the other. Local people do not appreciate it and you will surely offend someone. Comments from outsiders will likely be seen as arrogant and ill-informed. This applies particularly to Americans (or others) who claim Irish ancestry and may therefore feel they have more of a right to comment on the situation (the majority of people in Northern Ireland would beg to differ). A good rule of thumb is simply to keep your opinions to yourself and avoid conversations that might be overheard.

Generally speaking, people from Northern Ireland are welcoming, friendly and well-humoured people, and they will often be curious to get to know you and ask you why you're visiting. However that does not mean that, on occasion, there are no taboos. Avoid bringing up issues like the IRA, UVF, UDA, INLA, or political parties, as it will not be appreciated. Other than that, there are no real dangers to causing tension among the Northern Irish people. As with virtually all cultures, don't do anything you wouldn't do at home.

Foreign nationals claiming they are ‘Irish’ just because of an ancestor will likely be met with amusement, although this may become annoyance or anger should they then express their views related to The Troubles.

Unlike in parts of Europe, there is no social taboo associated with appearing drunk in bars or public places. Though it is advisable to avoid political conversations in general, this is particularly true when alcohol is involved. People from all backgrounds congregate in Belfast city centre to enjoy its nightlife; avoiding political discussions is an unwritten rule.

On a related note, do not try to order an Irish Car Bomb or a Black and Tan. Some establishments will refuse to serve it to you if you use those names. More acceptable names are an Irish Slammer or a half-and-half.

Also, Northern Irish people have a habit of gently refusing gifts or gestures you may offer them. Do not be offended, because they really mean that they like the gesture. Also, you are expected to do the same, so as not to appear slightly greedy. It is a confusing system but is not likely to get you in trouble.

Tours of Belfast often include a visit to the Peace Lines, the steel barriers that separate housing estates along sectarian lines. These are particularly visible in West Belfast. It is common for private or taxi tours to stop here and some tourists take the opportunity to write messages on the wall. It is important to remember that there is a real reason why these barriers have not been removed, and that they provide security for those living on either side of them. Messages questioning the need for these security measures, or those encouraging the residents to 'embrace peace' etc., are not appreciated by members of the community who live with the barriers on a day-to-day basis, and such behaviour is generally regarded as arrogant and patronising.

The terms which refer to the two communities in Northern Ireland have changed. During the Troubles, the terms 'Republican' and 'Loyalist' were commonplace. These are seen as slightly 'extreme', probably because they were terms used by the paramilitaries. It is more common to use the terms 'Nationalist' and 'Unionist' today; these terms are more politically neutral. 'Loyalist' and 'Republican' still refer to particular political viewpoints.

Unionists tend to identify as British, and may be offended if referred to as Irish. Conversely, Nationalists tend to identify as Irish, and may find it offensive if referred to as British. If you are not sure about someone's political leanings, it is best to just use the term "Northern Irish" until you are prompted to do otherwise.

Naming

A number of politically-charged names for Northern Ireland are used by some residents, the most contentious being "The Six Counties" (used by Nationalists) and "Ulster" (used by Unionists to refer only to NI). Visitors are emas expected to know, or use, these or any other politically-sensitive terms, which will only be encountered if you choose to engage in political discussions.

Should it be necessary to refer to Northern Ireland as either a geographical or political entity, the term "Northern Ireland" (at least, when used by people from outside Ireland) is accepted by the vast majority of people.

If you need to refer to Ireland as a geographical whole, a reference to "the island of Ireland" or "all-Ireland" has no political connotations, and will always be understood.

Visitors might be more aware that the second city of Northern Ireland has two English-language names, "Londonderry" (official) and "Derry" (used by the local government district and on road signs in the Republic). Nationalists, and everyone in the Republic, will invariably use the name "Derry", whereas Unionists strongly prefer "Londonderry". It is wise not to question anyone's use of either name over the other, and if you are asked "Did you mean Derry" or "Did you mean Londonderry?" you should politely say yes.

It may all seem confusing, but Northern Irish people won't expect you to know or care about every detail of the situation and, as mentioned above, will openly welcome you to their country. Young people tend to be more open-minded about it all and are much less politically motivated than their parents or grandparents.

Social issues

The people in Northern Ireland are generally warm and open - always ready with good conversation. Of course, being such a small, isolated country with a troubled past has also led to a decidedly noticeable lack in social diversity.

The majority of people you will encounter will be white. It isn't unusual to go a few days without encountering any multiculturalism, apart from other visitors or Chinese restaurants. This will make quite a change if you are from countries such as England or the US.

Racism is not generally an issue; however, due to the openness and rather frank humour in Northern Ireland, small, sarcastic comments may be made about the issue, in jest, if a local encounters someone outside of his or her own nationality. It is best not to react to this, as it is most likely just a joke, and should be treated as such. In Northern Ireland, a "mixed marriage" refers to a Catholic marrying a Protestant.

Some citizens of Northern Ireland are not the most accepting when it comes to homosexuality. This is not necessarily due to the people being averse to it, but rather because there are virtually no examples of any gay and lesbian communities outside Central Belfast. However, parts of the capital (for example the University Quarter) are perfectly safe and accepting of gay and lesbian people, with both of Belfast's universities incorporating active LGBT societies.

However, there have been issues of more severe racism in parts of the province. Belfast is the most ethnically diverse area, but even so the city is over 97% white. Typically, incidents of racism have been confined to South Belfast, which has a higher mix of non-white ethnicities due to its location near Queen's University. After decades of little or no immigration, some people find it hard to accept outsiders moving in, and racist attacks are usually on an immigrant's property, rather than the immigrants themselves.