Mobil telefonlar - Mobile phones

Mobil telefonlar sayohat paytida aloqani saqlab qolish uchun ajoyib vosita bo'lishi mumkin. Ta'minlashdan tashqari, texnologiyadagi yutuqlarni hisobga olgan holda telefon xizmati Shuningdek, ular sizning sayohatlaringizdagi daqiqalarni tasvirga olish va baham ko'rish, shuningdek, sayohat paytida joylar haqida ma'lumot topishda va turli xil sayohat xizmatlarini bron qilishda yordam beradi.

Mobil telefon asoslari

Chet elga sayohat paytida uyali telefondan foydalanishning asosiy usullari quyidagilar:

1. Telefoningizni va SIM-kartani olib, chet el tarmog'idan (rouming) foydalanish
2. Belgilangan joyga SIM-kartani sotib oling va uni o'z telefoningizga qo'ying
3. Belgilangan joyga telefon va SIM-kartani ijaraga olish yoki sotib olish
4. Ketishdan oldin xalqaro uyali telefon va SIM-kartani ijaraga olish yoki sotib olish

Safaringiz davomiyligiga qarab, boradigan joyingizda oldindan to'langan mahalliy mobil telefonni yoki mavjud mobil qurilmangizda ishlatish uchun mahalliy SIM-kartani sotib olish mantiqan to'g'ri keladi.

Mavjud telefoningiz va SIM-kartangiz bilan roumingni tashrif buyurishda boshqarish mumkin Yevropa Ittifoqi boshqa bir mamlakat, lekin undan tashqarida (hatto Evropa Ittifoqiga qo'shni bo'lgan mamlakatlarda ham) narx juda qimmat bo'lishi mumkin yoki xizmat mavjud emas. Oldindan to'lanadigan SIM-kartalar ilgari arzon edi (kredit bilan 10 evro yoki undan kam) va Evropa Ittifoqida keng tarqalgan bo'lib, 2016 yilgacha, qonunchilikda oldindan noma'lum oldindan to'lanadigan SIM-kartalarga taqiq qo'yildi. Oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani sotib olish endi xaridorni identifikatsiyalashni talab qiladi (bank kartasi, Paypal va boshqalar orqali ismini va manzilini tasdiqlash), bu Evropa Ittifoqida anonim SIM-kartalarni olish yoki ulardan foydalanishni deyarli qiyinlashtiradi yoki imkonsiz qiladi. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda (masalan, Italiyada) mahalliy soliq kodeksi ham zarur bo'lishi mumkin.

Ba'zi mamlakatlarda, masalan, Meksikada, hatto bitta mamlakat ichida ham rouming to'lovlari mavjud. Mahalliy SIM-kartani sotib olgan bo'lsangiz, tashrif buyurmoqchi bo'lgan barcha joylarda roumingsiz foydalanish imkoniyati mavjudligiga ishonch hosil qiling.

Telefoningizni olib keling

SIM-kartalarni almashtirmasdan ham mahalliy, ham mahalliy raqamdan foydalanishga imkon beradigan, ikkita kutishdagi SIM va microSD uchun uyali telefon.

Chiroyli narsa standartlar haqida - tanlash uchun juda ko'p narsa bor. Nafaqat bir xil to'lqin uzunligida, balki bir xil raqamli tilda gaplashmaydigan uyali aloqa tarmoqlari va telefonlarning katta tanlovi mavjud. Yaxshiyamki, agar sizda so'nggi ikki yilda sotib olingan smartfon bo'lsa, uning xalqaro miqyosda ishlash ehtimoli biroz yaxshilandi. Shunga qaramay, ketishingizdan oldin moslikni tekshirishga arziydi.

Ko'p, ba'zan mos kelmaydigan standartlarni o'z ichiga olgan mobil telefonning turli "avlodlari" mavjud. Har bir avlod mobil telefon texnologiyasida taxminan 10 yilni namoyish etadi:

• 1G NMT va AMPS kabi analog uyali aloqa xizmatlari edi. Taxminan 2008 yil yopilsin; endi o'lik.
• 2G raqamli mobil telefonlarning birinchi partiyasidir. Birgalikda ishlamaydigan kamida ikkita standart mavjud:
  • GSM 1991 yilda Evropada paydo bo'lgan dunyodagi eng keng tarqalgan mobil telefon standarti edi. GSM asosan 3G va 4G tomonidan eskirgan; ko'pgina telekommunikatsion kompaniyalar o'zlarining GSM tarmoqlarini o'chirib qo'yishdi va 2024 yilgacha ko'proq narsa buni amalga oshiradi.
  • CDMA (aniqrog'i cdmaOne) - bu hali ham amalda bo'lgan AQShning bir nechta telefon kompaniyalari, shu jumladan Verizon va Sprint tomonidan qo'llaniladigan standart va Janubiy Koreyada ishlatiladigan yagona 2G uyali aloqa standarti. Biroq, kelgusi bir necha yil ichida u bekor qilinadi. Kanadaning asosiy telekommunikatsiya kompaniyalari CDMA tarmoqlarini yopib qo'yishdi va AQSh va Janubiy Koreya 2020-2021 yillarga borib taqalmoqda.
  • PDC Yaponiyaga xos bo'lgan standart edi, shuningdek, mamlakatda eng ko'p ishlatiladigan 2G standarti. Ushbu noyob standart chet el mobil telefonlarini Yaponiyada va aksincha ishlatib bo'lmasligini anglatardi. Oxirgi tarmoq 2012 yilda yopilgan edi.
• 3G xuddi shunday ikki formatga bo'lingan yutuq edi.
  • Ko'pgina tarmoqlarda UMTS yoki uning variantlari, GSM evolyutsiyasi ishlatilgan. W-CDMA - UMTS ning asl nusxasi; Internet ma'lumotlarini tezroq yuklab olish uchun HSPA / HSPDA va HSPA - UMTS yangilangan. Ko'pgina operatorlar asta-sekin GSM-ni almashtirganligi sababli, 3G bilan ishlaydigan telefon, faqat GSM telefonlari ishlamaydigan joylarda, chet elda ishlashi mumkin.
  • Xuddi 2G singari, ozchilik tarmoqlar CDMA evolyutsiyasi bo'lgan CDMA2000 (xususan EV-DO) dan foydalangan. Ularning aksariyati allaqachon yopilgan, qolgan bir nechtasining taxminan yarmi 2020-2024 yillarda bekor qilinadi.
  • Mobil telefonlarning "avlodi" tushunchasi asosan marketologlar tomonidan aniqlanganligi sababli, ba'zilari CDMA2000 1X (tezroq CDMA) yoki EDGE (tezroq GSM) ni "uchinchi avlod", "3G" yoki "3x" deb e'lon qilishgan. Ushbu standartlar UMTS yoki EV-DO emas; GSM va CDMA-ning mos kelmaydigan muammolari EDGE va EV-DO-da qoladi.
  • Xuddi shu "avlodlar" o'rtasidagi chegara HSPA bilan mavjud (tezroq 3G UMTS vaqti-vaqti bilan 3.5G yoki 4G sifatida markalanadi).
  • Zamonaviy smartfonlar 3G davrining ikkinchi yarmida bozorga kirdi. Agar sizda juda erta modelli smartfon bo'lmasa (masalan, birinchi avlod iPhone), sizning smartfoningiz kamida 3G qobiliyatiga ega bo'lish ehtimoli juda katta.
• 4G tezroq ma'lumot ulanishi (odatda LTE) yirik shaharlarda mavjud va aksariyat zamonaviy smartfonlar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda. Chastota diapazonlari mintaqalarga qarab farq qiladi; ba'zi telefonlar yarim o'nlab variantlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. 2017 yildan boshlab barcha 4G provayderlari yoki telefonlari 3G standartlarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi; agar telefon qo'llab-quvvatlasa, aksariyat telefonlar GSM-ga qaytishi mumkin.
  • WiMax Sprint tomonidan qo'llaniladigan standart edi va endi to'liq bekor qilindi.
  • TD-LTE (Xitoyning ba'zi joylarida) 4G, ammo standart LTE bilan mos kelmaydi.
• 5G tarmoqlar 2019 yildan beri ma'lum joylarga tarqalmoqda. 2020 yildan boshlab, Xitoy 5G uyali telefon texnologiyasi bo'yicha dunyoda etakchilik qilmoqda.

Bundan tashqari, bir nechta chastotalar mavjud. Mahalliy chastotalarga ega bo'lmagan yoki mos keladigan standartni ishlatmaydigan telefon tarmoqqa ulanmaydi. Shunga qaramay, sizning telefoningiz qanchalik zamonaviy bo'lsa, chastotalar bo'ylab ishlash ehtimoli shunchalik yuqori.

Amerika tashqarisida:

• 900 MGts va 1800 MGts eng keng tarqalgan GSM chastotalaridir
• 900 MGts va 2100 MGts eng keng tarqalgan 3G (UMTS) chastotalaridir
• Avstraliyada 4G uchun 1800 MGts ishlatilgan. 850 MGts yaxshi 3G UMTS (Telstra) qamrovini ta'minlaydi.

Amerikada (ITU zonasi 2):

• Eng keng tarqalgan GSM yoki CDMA chastotalari bo'lgan 850 MGts va 1900 MGts chastotalar AT (AT) va 3G (UMTS) va barcha yirik Kanada aloqa operatorlari (Bell, Rogers, Telus) uchun ishlatiladi.
• 1700 MGts va 2100 MGts AQSh T-Mobile tarmog'idagi 3G (UMTS) uchun ishlatiladi
• 1700 MGts kanadalik yangi ishtirokchilar, mintaqaviy tashuvchilar (Eastlink, Vidéotron) va 4G (LTE) xizmatlari uchun ishlatilgan.
• 4G LTE uchun yuqori tezlikda ma'lumotlarni tashish uchun qo'shimcha diapazonlardan foydalanish mumkin (masalan, 2600 MGts)

Agar sizning telefoningiz siz sayohat qilayotgan mamlakatda telekommunikatsiya tarmog'ining barcha chastotalariga mos keladigan bo'lsa, u roumingda yoki mahalliy SIM-kartada yaxshi signal olishi kerak. Agar sizning telefoningiz faqat bitta chastotaga mos keladigan bo'lsa, u faqat ba'zi joylarda ishlashi mumkin.

Tekshirish uchun oxirgi narsa - bu SIM-karta (abonentni identifikatsiya qilish moduli), bu telefonga tashuvchi va telefon raqamini beradigan kichik karta. Chet elda mavjud telefoningizni ishlatish uchun ikkita variant mavjud:

• Rouming mavjud uyali telefon raqamingizdan foydalangan holda qo'ng'iroqlarni yo'naltirish uchun uy operatoringiz va manzilingizdagi tashuvchi o'rtasidagi kelishuvlarga asoslanib, mavjud SIM-kartangizni va operatoringizni qoldiradi. Bu qimmatga tushadi, chunki hisob-kitoblar ikkita telefon kompaniyasi orqali amalga oshiriladi; Sizga qilingan har qanday qo'ng'iroqlar avval o'z mamlakatingizga borishi, keyin xalqaro miqyosda orqaga qaytishi va narxni yanada oshirishi kerak. Agar tashrif buyurgan bo'lsangiz, bu mos variant bo'lishi mumkin Yevropa Ittifoqi Evropa Ittifoqining boshqa joylaridan mamlakat, chunki tartibga solish organlari eng yomon hisob-kitoblarni buzish choralarini ko'rdilar. Qaerda bo'lmasin, bu qimmatga tushishi mumkin va odatdagidek oldindan to'lanadigan naqd uyali aloqa rejalariga umuman yo'l qo'yilmaydi. Ba'zi hollarda, hatto milliy chegaralarni kesib o'tmasdan, roumingda qo'shimcha to'lovlar bo'lishi mumkin. Bu, ayniqsa, qoidalari zaif mamlakatlarda yoki bir yoki bir nechta kompaniyalar bozorni "burchakka" solgan mamlakatlarda to'g'ri keladi; hududiy aloqa operatorlari telefonlari cheklangan uy hududidan tashqarida mahalliy joylarga olib borilganda "sayr qilishlari" mumkin.
• Qabul qilish a mahalliy SIM sayohatchiga mahalliy narxlarda mahalliy mobil telefon raqami bilan oldindan to'lanadigan mahalliy rejani olish imkoniyatini beradi. Agar telefon qulflangan bo'lsa, bu ishlamaydi faqat bitta provayderni qabul qilish, garchi ko'plab umumiy telefonlarni ochish uchun kodlarni uchinchi tomon saytlaridan onlayn sotib olish mumkin.

Ba'zi telefonlar bir nechta provayderlar uchun foydalanish uchun maxsus ishlab chiqarilgan. Ular "ikkita SIM-karta" deb nomlanadi, chunki ular ikkita karta uyasiga ega; ba'zilari samarali ravishda ikki qatorli telefonlar bo'lib, ularning har bir virtual liniyasi boshqa raqamga, boshqa provayderga yoki boshqa mamlakatga obuna bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu qurilmalarning imkoniyatlari har xil. Ikki SIM-kartali zamonaviy telefon sizning uy raqamingizdagi SMS-xabarlarni va hokazolarni qabul qilish uchun mahalliy SIM-roumingda bo'lishga va qo'ng'iroqlar va ma'lumotlarga arzonroq kirish uchun mahalliy SIM-kartaga ega bo'lishga imkon beradi.

Yangilanishlar tufayli ko'plab sayohatchilar hanuzgacha ishlaydigan eski telefonlarga ega. Agar bu mahalliy chastotalarga ega bo'lsa, uni keltiring; bitta telefon mavjud uy raqamingizni faol ushlab tursa, ikkinchisi mahalliy SIM-kartada arzonlashtirilgan narxlardan foydalanadi. Agar sizning asosiy raqamingizga qo'ng'iroq tushsa, rouming uchun yuqori narxni to'lash o'rniga mahalliy SIM-kartadan mahalliy narxlarda qayta qo'ng'iroq qiling. O'g'rilar bo'lgan hududlarda, shuningdek, so'nggi telefoningizni miltillashdan saqlanishingiz mumkin.

Agar siz eski telefon bilan sayohat qilsangiz, zamonaviy telefonlarga qaraganda ko'proq moslik bilan bog'liq muammolar bo'lishi mumkin.

Rouming

Telefoningizni o'z hududidan boshqa joylarda ishlatishga rouming deyiladi. agar siz rouming qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, sayohat qilishdan oldin uy vazifangizni bajarishingiz kerak. Siz narxni va nimaga kiritilganligini tushunishingiz kerak. Agar siz roumingda bo'lsangiz, bu narx uydan farq qilmasligi mumkin (masalan, Evropa Ittifoqi hududida joylashgan ko'pchilik abonentlar), siz kuniga belgilangan to'lovni to'lashingiz mumkin yoki faqat o'rtacha foydalanish uchun narx minglab dollarni tashkil qilishi mumkin. - sizning tashuvchingiz, shartnomangiz va manzilingizga qarab. Siz qo'ng'iroq qilish, ovozli pochtani yig'ish va hatto kimdir sizga qo'ng'iroq qilib, ovozli pochtaga yo'naltirilsa ham to'lashingiz mumkin. Fon ma'lumotlari sizning telefoningizni ikkinchi yoqilgan vaqtdan boshlab hisoblab chiqishi mumkin.

Matnli xabarlarni (SMS) daqiqali telefon qo'ng'iroqlarini amalga oshirish uchun arzonroq alternativa sifatida ko'rib chiqing. Ushbu matnli xabarlarni telefonlar o'rtasida yuborish mumkin, har bir xabar uchun 160 baytgacha (xabarlar bugungi kunda uzoqroq bo'lishi mumkin, ammo shunga qaramay etkazib berish va to'lash). Chet elda SMS-xabarlar qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin (har biri 0,30 dan 1,00 dollargacha), ular xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlarga qaraganda arzonroq va xarajatlarni kamaytirish uchun juda foydali bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zan ularni qabul qilish bepul bo'lishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, uyingizga qaytib kelgan operator yordamida sizga SMS-xabar yuborganlar uchun mahalliy narxlar olinadi.

Siz kelganingizda rouming ishlashini ta'minlash uchun ikkita narsani tekshirishingiz kerak:

1. Sizning telefoningiz to'g'ri turadimi va u xorijiy tarmoq talab qiladigan chastotalarda aloqa qila oladimi?
2. Sizning uy operatoringiz tashrif buyurgan mamlakatingizdagi kamida bitta operator bilan rouming shartnomalari bormi va siz boshqa mamlakatga sayohat qilishga ruxsat berasizmi?

Sizning telefoningiz

Mavjud operatoringizda rouming sizga uy raqamingizni olib kelishga imkon berar ekan, sizning telefoningiz operatoringiz rouming shartnomasi tuzgan manzilingizdagi tarmoq standartlari va chastotalarini qo'llab-quvvatlashi kerak.

Telefonning qulfini ochish yoki SIM-kartani almashtirishning hojati yo'q, lekin agar siz noto'g'ri chastotalarda bo'lsangiz yoki faqat CDMA-ning telefonini provayderlari faqat GSM-ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan mamlakatga olib borsangiz, sizda signal bo'lmaydi. Sizning uy operatoringiz sizning telefoningizda va rejangizda qaysi tarmoqlar qo'llab-quvvatlanishini aytib berishi kerak.

Sizning operatoringiz

Sizning operatoringiz sizning sayohat qilishingizga ruxsat berish uchun sizning manzilingizdagi operator bilan shartnoma tuzishi kerak. Kelishuv mavjudligini va rouming-operator sizning telefoningiz imkoniyatlariga nisbatan qanday chastotalarni ishlatishini tekshiring.

• Evropa Ittifoqining rasmiy rouming sahifasi - Evropa Ittifoqi bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlar uchun (tariflar, ko'rsatmalar). Garchi aksariyat hollarda Evropa Ittifoqidan foydalanish abonent to'lovi bo'yicha hisob-kitob qilinsa-da, ba'zi istisnolar, ayniqsa, podval stavkalari uchun mobil ma'lumotlarni taqdim etuvchi provayderlar uchun qo'llaniladi.

Sizning rejangiz xalqaro roumingga ruxsat berishini tekshiring. Uni yoqish kerak bo'lishi mumkin, buni uydan chiqishdan oldin bajarish ancha oson. Oldindan to'langan ko'plab rejalar xalqaro roumingning biron bir turiga yo'l qo'ymaydi, siz ulanishingiz mumkin bo'lgan tarmoqlarni cheklang yoki yoqilgan xizmatlarni cheklang (faqat SMS kabi).

Ko'pgina telefonlar rouming uchun tarmoqni avtomatik ravishda tanlaydigan parametrga mos keladi. O'z mamlakatingiz chegarasi yoki mo'ljallangan manzilingiz yaqinida bo'lganingizda, sozlamani qo'lda o'zgartirishingiz va signal yo'qolguncha uy tarmog'ingizda bo'lishingiz maqsadga muvofiqdir. Chegaradan qanchalik uzoqroq bo'lsa, uy tashuvchisining signali kuchsizroq bo'ladi; relyefga qarab siz chegaradan oldin signalni yo'qotishingiz mumkin, va ehtimol undan 5 mil (8 km) narida - lekin sizning uyingiz hali ham ishlayotganda yoki siz ishlamayotganingizda telefoningiz chegara orqali qimmat tarmoqni olishdan saqlanasiz. t ulangan bo'lishi kerak.

Chet el signallari chegarani kesib o'tmasdan ham kuchliroq bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa tog'li hududlarda, mahalliy signal ishonchli bo'lmagan, begona minoraga signal yo'li to'g'ridan-to'g'ri suvdan o'tib ketadigan va ichki minoralar yaqin bo'lmagan mamlakatlarda. Chegara hududlarda mobil aloqa foydalanuvchilari yoqadi Niagara sharsharasi, Vindzor–Detroyt yoki Ming orollar tez-tez o'z mamlakatidan chiqib ketmaydigan uyali telefonlarda rouming to'lovlari bilan tasodifiy urilib qolmaslik uchun telefon menyularidan roumingni o'chirib qo'ying.

Rip-off tarmoqlari

Mahalliylashtirilgan nano-tarmoqlar soni tobora ko'payib bormoqda (ayniqsa Evropada), siz bilmagan holda, agar siz "avtomatik" tarmoq tanloviga o'rnatgan bo'lsangiz, uyali telefoningizni "qo'lga kiritishi" mumkin. Masalan, Shotlandiya va Shimoliy Irlandiya o'rtasida bir necha chaqirim narida Stena yo'nalishidagi paromda sayohat qilsangiz, eng kuchli signal rouming to'lovlari 0,05 evro / daqiqadan ko'proq, kiruvchi qo'ng'iroqlar uchun daqiqasiga 1,50 evrodan ko'proq bo'lgan o'z tarmog'i bo'lishi mumkin. min, agar siz hali ham Evropa Ittifoqi tarmog'idan foydalanayotgan bo'lsangiz, qo'ng'iroq amalga oshiriladi. Endi kinoteatrlar harakatga kirishdi va tomoshalar paytida jiringlayotgan telefonlarni to'xtatish uchun ilgari ijtimoiy foydali bo'lgan texnik yutuqlardan suiiste'mol qilmoqda.

Dengizda, oddiy tashuvchilar bilan aloqadan tashqarida, sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali ulangan kema-mahalliy tarmoq haqiqatan ham unga muhtoj bo'lganlar uchun xizmat bo'lishi mumkin, ammo narxlar tashqariga chiqa oladiganlar uchun juda baland bo'lishi mumkin - yoki erga asoslangan holda avtomatik ravishda yoqilganda. tarmoqlar hanuzgacha mavjud (hatto portda ham).

Mahalliy va xalqaro SIM-kartalar

Batareyasi olib tashlangan mobil telefon, joylashtiriladigan joyda mini-SIM.

Mahalliy oldindan to'langan (ba'zida "borganing bilan to'la" deb nomlanadi) SIM-kartalar ko'pincha roumingga juda arzon alternativ hisoblanadi. Agar ko'proq vaqt qolsa, oddiy mahalliy obuna ham bo'lishi mumkin.

Mahalliy SIM-karta odatda roumingga qaraganda mahalliy qo'ng'iroqlar uchun ancha arzon bo'lsa-da, boshqa masalalar, masalan, uydagi do'stlariga qo'ng'iroq qilish yoki chet elga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun murojaat qilishi mumkin. Sizda odatdagi raqamingizga qo'ng'iroq qilish imkoniyatlari mavjud (va xalqaro qo'ng'iroq uchun qo'shimcha to'lovni to'lashingiz mumkin), ular sizning mahalliy raqamingizga qo'ng'iroq qilishlari (xalqaro qo'ng'iroq uchun to'lov), ularni odatdagi raqamingiz bilan qo'ng'iroq qilish (roumingdagi xalqaro qo'ng'iroq, Ehtimol, bu maxsus holat sifatida ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin) yoki ularni o'zingizning mahalliy raqamingiz bilan qo'ng'iroq qilish (oldindan to'lov rejangiz bo'yicha xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlar uchun to'lovlar qancha?). To'rt variant uchun to'lovlar sezilarli darajada farq qilishi mumkin.

SIM karta UMTS yoki GSM telefoniga (ko'pincha batareya ostida) joylashtirilgan kartadir. Bu GSM telefonlarida kerak, bu erda u telefonning tarmoq tomonidan ko'rinishini ta'minlaydi. CDMA telefonlarida bu funksiya birlashtirilgan, ammo aksariyati endi SIM-kartalarni qabul qilishadi (yoki R-UIM yoki CSIM xilma-xilligi).

Kartalar telefonning ilovalari uchun biroz xotirani taqdim etadi. Masalan, kontaktlaringiz telefon xotirasida yoki SIM-kartada bo'lishi mumkin, agar siz SIM-kartalarni almashtirsangiz. Iloji bo'lsa, tegishli ma'lumotlarni telefonga va qog'ozga nusxalash (ma'lumotni sharhlash mahalliy SIM-kartada mavjud bo'lmagan xususiyatlarga bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin).

Mahalliy SIM-kartada telefon, agar u asl operatoriga qulflanmagan bo'lsa, mahalliy telefon raqamiga ega bo'lgan uy telefoni kabi qaraladi. Ba'zi oldindan to'lanadigan kartalar oldindan to'langan oz vaqtni o'z ichiga oladi (odatda kartaning nominal qiymatining yarmidan ko'pi yo'q, ba'zida undan ham ko'proq). Efir vaqtining qiymati, albatta, qo'ng'iroq va ma'lumotlar to'lovlariga bog'liq bo'lib, ular oldindan to'lanmaydigan obunalarnikidan farq qilishi mumkin.

Oldindan to'lanadigan SIM-kartalar odatda hisobni o'rnatishni, kredit karta raqamlarini yoki bank hisob raqamlarini talab qilmaydi. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda pasport yoki shaxsiy guvohnoma zarur (jinoyatchilar tomonidan telefonlardan foydalanishni kamaytirish uchun); norezidentlarning mobil telefon raqamlarini sotib olishini cheklash.

Ushbu SIM-kartalarga kredit qo'shish uchun "to'ldirish" (AQShdagi umumiy atama), "to'ldirish" (Singapur, Buyuk Britaniya, Kanada va Yangi Zelandiya), "zaryadlash" (Gonkong va Avstraliya), "qayta yuklash" ni sotib oling. (Filippinlar) yoki "qo'shimcha qiymat" kartalari yoki yangiliklar stendlari, telefon do'konlari yoki maishiy xizmat do'konlaridan voucherlar. Ba'zi provayderlar tomonidan bankomat yoki onlayn kredit kartani to'ldirish mumkin; ammo o'z veb-saytlari orqali buni amalga oshirish foydalanuvchidan ichki debet / kredit karta yoki bank hisob raqamiga ega bo'lishini talab qilishi mumkin. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda provayderga SMS yuborish orqali kredit (oldindan to'langan yoki reja) bir xil tarmoq foydalanuvchilari o'rtasida o'tkazilishi mumkin.

Ba'zi yirik xalqaro aeroportlarda, xavfsizlikdan tashqarida, uyali telefon do'konlari aeroportdan chiqmasdan oldindan to'lanadigan SIM-kartani taqdim etadi. Bir nechta sotuvchilar tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun maxsus mo'ljallangan SIM-kartalarni taklif qilishadi.

Oldindan to'lanadigan mahsulot sifatida SIM-karta va kreditlar cheklangan umr ko'rish imkoniyatiga ega. Vaqti-vaqti bilan qayta yuklanmasa (odatda mahalliy do'kondan yoki mahalliy kredit karta bilan veb-saytda sotib olingan kod bilan) SIM va mahalliy telefon raqami tugaydi. Umumiy qoida bo'yicha, quyidan to'ldirilgan kupyuralar tezroq tugaydi.

Karta debet karta o'lchamidagi plastik qism sifatida qadoqlangan bo'lib, undan kichik o'lchamdagi chip kartani uchta o'lchamdan (mini SIM, micro SIM, nano SIM) ajratib olishingiz mumkin. Chip bir xil, ba'zi telefon modellarida ishlatiladigan mikro yoki nano o'lchamdagi SIM-karta atrofida plastik ramka kamroq. Ba'zi eski telefonlar mini SIM-kartani nano-versiyalarga qaraganda biroz qalinroq bo'lishini talab qilishi mumkin, siz uchun mosligini tekshiring.

Mahalliy SIM-karta - bu sizga muhim kontaktlarga xabar berishingiz kerak bo'lgan yana bitta raqam; agar siz ko'plab mamlakatlarga tashrif buyurmoqchi bo'lsangiz, qo'ng'iroqni arzon narxda yo'naltirish mumkin bo'lgan xizmatni olish osonroq bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, Voice over IP-provayderi), ushbu raqamni kontaktlaringizga taqsimlang va qo'ng'iroqlarni mahalliy mobil telefoningizga / SIM-ga yuboring. siz yangi mamlakatga kirasiz.

Ba'zi telefonlarda ikkita SIM-karta joylashtirilishi mumkin, ular bir vaqtning o'zida ishlatilishi mumkin, yo'l modelini tanlash yoki telefon modeliga qarab ishga tushirishni tanlash orqali. Bunday sozlash yordamida siz o'zingizning ichki raqamingizga yuborilgan xabarlarni olishingiz mumkin, ba'zi sozlamalarda o'tkazib yuborilgan qo'ng'iroqlarni ko'rishingiz va SIM-kartalarni jismoniy ravishda almashtirishga hojat qoldirmasdan mahalliy SIM-kartangiz yordamida qayta qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz mumkin. Mahalliy SIM-karta bilan ikkinchi telefondan ham foydalanishingiz mumkin.

AQSh tarmog'idagi SIM-kartalarni Kanadadagi bir nechta sotuvchilar sotadilar; Roam Mobility oldindan oladigan T-Mobile SIM-kartasini chiqaradi, uni har olti oyda bir kunga yoqish mumkin, Telgo.ca esa xuddi shunday AT&T oldindan to'lanadigan SIM-kartani chiqaradi. Uyali aloqa ma'lumotlarini xohlaysizmi yoki shunchaki ovozli bo'lishiga qarab, kuniga 3-5 dollar C $ turadi.

Obuna bo'lgan SIM-kartani o'rnatganingizdan va telefonga quvvatni qayta ulaganingizdan so'ng ovozli qo'ng'iroqlar ishlashi kerak bo'lsa, ma'lumotlar Internet-shlyuzni topishi uchun turli xil sozlamalarni sozlashni talab qilishi mumkin. Odatda sozlash avtomatik ravishda amalga oshiriladi, SIM-kartadagi ma'lumotlardan foydalaniladi, lekin ba'zida uni qo'lda bajarish kerak. Masalan, Rojers (Kanada) provayderga tegishli sozlamalarning ushbu ro'yxatini taqdim etadi:

APN: rogers-core-appl1.apn

MMSC: http://mms.gprs.rogers.com

MMS proksi-server: mmsproxy.rogers.com

MMS porti: 80

APN turi: standart

APN protokoli: IPv4 / IPv6

APN rouming protokoli: IPv4 / IPv6

Agar siz SIM-kartani sotib olsangiz, uni telekompaniyadan sotib olish maqsadga muvofiq bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun siz ketishingizdan oldin telefoningiz ishlashi mumkin. Bu sozlamalarni o'zingiz qo'llashingiz kerak bo'lgan har qanday chalkashliklarni saqlaydi. Aks holda siz provayderlar veb-saytini tekshirishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin, agar sizda mobil ma'lumotlar sozlanmagan bo'lsa, bu qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Bir nechta provayderlar, shuningdek, mobil ma'lumotlar uchun foydalanuvchi nomi va parolni taqdim etishlari mumkin. Operatorni texnik qo'llab-quvvatlash odatda sozlamalar ro'yxatini taqdim etish va telefon ishlab chiqaruvchisidan so'rashni maslahat berish bilan cheklanadi. MMS faqat ma'lum bir nechta dastur uchun kerak bo'lishi mumkin (odatda, fotosuratlarni matnli xabar bilan yuborish), agar siz kirish nuqtasi nomini (APN) qoldirsangiz, sizda mobil ma'lumotlar yo'q. Shaxsiy provayderlardan sotib olingan telefonlar odatda ushbu provayder uchun sozlamalarni oldindan yuklaydi, ammo agar siz o'zingizning qulflanmagan telefoningizni olib kelsangiz, ma'lumotlar uchun mahalliy SIM-provayderingizni ulanish ro'yxatiga qo'shishingiz kerak. Shuningdek, uy brauzeringiz shlyuzi o'rniga mobil brauzerni ro'yxatdagi yangi ulanishni ko'rsatadigan sozlama bo'lishi mumkin.

Agar sizning telefoningiz ovozli pochtaga bitta tugmachali kirish huquqini beradigan bo'lsa, ushbu xususiyat tomonidan avtomatik terilgan raqam (konfiguratsiya menyusida keltirilgan) mavjud. Ushbu raqam odatda mahalliy SIM-kartadan o'qiladi, lekin buni tasdiqlash yaxshiroqdir. Ekrandagi har qanday "xabarni kutish" ko'rsatkichlari faqat sizning uy provayderingizda (asl SIM) va mahalliy provayderda (mahalliy SIM) kutish holatlarida bo'lsa ham, hozirda o'rnatilgan SIM uchun ishlaydi. Ba'zi telefonlarda SIM kartadagi xotira maydoni telefon daftarchasi yozuvlarini yoki Wi-Fi parollarini saqlash uchun ishlatiladi; SIM-kartalarni almashtiring va sizga ushbu ma'lumotlarni nusxalash yoki qayta kiritishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin.

Boshqa alternativa - "xalqaro karta"; bu odatda bepul yoki arzonga imkon beradi kiruvchi ko'plab mamlakatlarda qo'ng'iroqlar va nisbatan arzon narxlarda taklif qilishadi chiquvchi avtomatik qayta qo'ng'iroq xizmati orqali qo'ng'iroqlar. Ularning telefon raqamlari odatda Britaniya orollari yoki Estoniya. Turli xil narsalar mavjud, shuning uchun xarid qiling; aeroportlarda sotiladigan kartalar eng arzon bo'lmasligi mumkin. Bu raqamlarning bir nechta o'zgarishini oldini oladi.

Qulflangan va qulfdan chiqarilgan telefonlar

Agar siz o'zingizning telefoningizdan foydalanmoqchi bo'lsangiz, telefoningiz manzilingiz, turingiz va aloqa chastotalaringizda ishlatilishini tekshirishingiz kerak (yuqoriga qarang) va u qulfdan chiqarilgan (yoki "operator SIM-bloklangan".)

Ba'zi mamlakatlarda provayderlar abonentlardan ma'lum vaqtdan keyin, odatda, haq evaziga o'zlariga tegishli qurilmalar uchun ochish kodini taqdim etishlari talab qilinishi mumkin. Ko'pgina (ammo barchasi emas) umumiy telefonlar uchun "qulfni ochish" kodini Internet-sotuvchilarning keng tanlovidan arzonroq sotib olish mumkin (odatda 10-20 AQSh dollari); kamdan-kam hollarda telefon qulfini ochish uchun maxsus sotuvchiga olib borilishi kerak.

Kanadada, 2017 yil dekabridan boshlab, uyali telefon mijozlari o'zlarining provayderlaridan telefonlarini bepul qulfdan chiqarishni so'rashlari mumkin va barcha yangi sotib olingan mobil qurilmalar mijozlarga qulfsiz taqdim etilishi kerak.

Telefonning qulfini ochish (raqobatdosh uyali aloqa operatorlariga kirishga ruxsat berish uchun) "jailbreak" (bu Apple qurilmalarida Apple dasturiga tegishli bo'lmagan dasturiy ta'minotni yuklab olish imkoniyatini beradi) yoki "rooting" (Android uchun "administrator sifatida ishga tushirish" parametrini taqdim etish) bilan bir xil emas. dasturlar). Ba'zi telefonlarning qulfini ochish boshqalarga qaraganda osonroq. Eski Nokia telefonlarining qulfini uyda oddiy kod bilan ochish mumkin, Motorola yoki Sony telefonlari qo'shimcha uskunalarni talab qiladi va telefoningizni kimgadir olib kelishingizni talab qilishi mumkin. Ba'zilar (Yaponiyaning ichki bozor telefonlari) sizning SIM-kartangizga ulanadigan va uni telefondan telefonga olib borishga imkon beradigan boshqa SIM-ga asoslangan usuldan foydalanishlari mumkin. Do'kon atrofida xarid qiling: qulfni ochish xizmatlari odatda Evropada va Osiyoda Shimoliy Amerikaga qaraganda arzonroq va osonroq.

Muqobil variant - qulflanmagan telefonni sotib olish. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda - masalan Xitoy - telefonlar hech qachon qulflanmagan. G'arb mamlakatlaridagi turli xil veb-saytlar va ba'zi do'konlarda qulflanmagan telefonlar sotiladi, odatda xizmat uchun shartnoma imzolash va qulflangan telefonni olish orqali olish mumkin bo'lgan "bitimlar" dan bir oz yuqori narxlarda. "Quad-band", "dual SIM" yoki sayohatchilar uchun zaryadlovchi qurilmalar kabi ko'plab mamlakatlarda telefonlarni bir nechta tashuvchilarda ishlashini ta'minlash uchun mo'ljallangan sayohatning o'ziga xos imkoniyatlari, uchinchi tomon elektron sotuvchisi tomonidan zavod tomonidan ochilmagan telefonlarda mavjud bo'lishi mumkin. Qulflanmagan 3G (UMTS / WCDMA) to'rt simli to'rtburchkali Android telefoni, tashuvchiga xos markasi yo'q, tovar nomi va imkoniyatlariga qarab, onlayn pochta orqali buyurtma berish uyidan 150 dan 500 AQSh dollarigacha bo'lishi mumkin.

Internet orqali qo'ng'iroqlar

Smartfonlar joylashtirilishi mumkin IP orqali ovozli qo'ng'iroqlar softphone ilovasini o'rnatish va VoIP-provayderga ro'yxatdan o'tish orqali simsiz Internet-ulanish nuqtasidan foydalanish (yoki kerakli dasturiy ta'minot bilan har qanday munosib Internet aloqasi). Internetga ulanish qimmat bo'lmaganda, bu gaplashishning arzon usuli; xuddi shu serverlarga ulangan Internet-telefon yoki dasturdan foydalanayotgan odamga qo'ng'iroq qilganda, u hatto bepul bo'lishi mumkin.

VoIP qo'ng'iroqlari mahalliy uyali telefon tarmoqlaridan mustaqil, ammo Internetga ulanish imkoniyati bilan cheklanadi va ba'zida Internet xavfsizlik devorida bloklanadi. Agar sizning Internet aloqangiz mobil ma'lumotlar bilan bo'lsa, ushbu VoIP qo'ng'iroqlar sizning mobil telefoningiz provayderiga qarab bepuldan tortib qimmatgacha bo'lishi mumkin. Ovozdan tashqari ular video, matnli chat va mos keladigan dasturlarga fayl uzatish aloqalarini taklif qilishlari mumkin.

Internet-ovoz provayderlari ikkita toifaga bo'linadi: ba'zilari Internet-standartga (SIP) amal qiladigan va standartga rioya qilgan har qanday dastur foydalanuvchilari tomonidan doimiy telefon liniyalariga qo'ng'iroq qilishga imkon beruvchi umumiy IP-dan tashqari shlyuzlar. bir daqiqada bir tiyinga yoki ikkitasiga, minimal ko'rsatkichlarsiz (ko'plab kichik mustaqil shaxslar ushbu toifaga kiradi; AQShda Google Voice yana bir variant bo'lishi mumkin). Boshqalari - xususiy dasturlar (masalan, WhatsApp, Viber, Skype yoki Facebook Messenger), birinchi navbatda bir xil xizmatdan foydalanuvchilarni birlashtiradilar, boshqa tizimlarga qo'ng'iroqlar, odatda, telefon tarmog'iga qo'ng'iroq sifatida qabul qilinadi. Ilovalarni telefoningiz operatsion tizimi uchun dastur do'konidan yuklab olish mumkin, ko'pincha bepul.

Chet elda telefonni ijaraga olish yoki sotib olish

Siz mahalliy SIM-dan foydalanish uchun alohida telefondan foydalanishingiz mumkin, chunki sizning telefoningiz mahalliy tarmoqni qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi, chunki siz ichki raqamingizdan foydalanishni davom ettirmoqchisiz yoki yo'lda arzonroq telefondan foydalanishni xohlaysiz. Agar siz ushbu telefonni jo'nab ketishdan oldin sotib olgan bo'lsangiz, uning mosligini tekshirishingiz kerak, agar kelganingizdan keyin sotib olishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ularni qaerdan sotib olish mumkinligini tekshirib ko'ring va siz bo'lguncha u bilan kelishishni rejalashtiring.

Siz tez-tez mahalliy uyali telefonni ijaraga olishingiz mumkin, ko'pincha aeroportda kelganda ham. Biroq, ko'plab mamlakatlarda arzon telefon va oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani sotib olish ancha tejamkor bo'ladi (hatto bir hafta davomida ishlatilgan bo'lsa ham), aeroportlarni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar tez-tez mahalliy oldindan to'lanadigan tariflardan daqiqasiga ancha ko'proq haq oladilar. Aeroportni ijaraga oladigan kiosklar tunda parvoz qilayotgan yo'lovchilar uchun yopiq bo'lishi mumkin va yuqori sayohat mavsumida ommabop tadbirlarda telefonlari tugashi mumkin.

Ba'zi yo'nalishlarda provayderlar sun'iy ravishda arzon narxdagi oldindan to'lash telefonlarini sotishadi (AQShda "AT&T GoPhone" telefonlari faqat SIM-karta 10 dollar bo'lganida, 20 dollardan boshlanadi), lekin SIM-telefonni bitta provayderga qulflab qo'yadi, bu esa oldindan to'langan daqiqalar uchun to'liq narxni oladi. Agar telefon qulfini ochib bo'lmaydigan bo'lsa, u sizning telefoningizga qaytganda boshqa operatorning SIM-kartasida ishlatilmaydi va uni bir martalik ishlatish mumkin. Agar siz boshqa mamlakatlarga boradigan bo'lsangiz, qulflanmagan telefonni alohida sotib olishni xohlashingiz mumkin.

Ayniqsa, kam daromadli mamlakatlarda yoki o'g'rilik va boshqa turdagi jinoyatlar tez-tez uchrab turar edi, arzon "bir martalik" oldindan to'lanadigan telefonni olishning asosiy afzalligi shundaki, telefoningiz o'g'irlangan bo'lsa ham, siz faqatgina (nisbatan past) qiymatini yo'qotasiz sizning telefoningiz va chipdagi qolgan qoldiq - va xabarlar, qo'ng'iroqlar tarixi va unda saqlangan boshqa narsalar - sizga yangi modeldagi bir necha yuz evro emas, balki aqlli telefon ham qimmatga tushishi mumkin.

Agar siz mahalliy telefondan foydalanmoqchi bo'lsangiz va mahalliy raqamlarga qo'ng'iroq qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, mahalliy tizim va tariflar bilan tanishishingiz mumkin. Ba'zi mamlakatlarda bu o'z-o'zidan tushunarli emas va siz bir necha kundan keyin dominant kompaniya tomonidan sizga qarshi o'ynagan hech kimga yoki boshqa shenaniganlarga qo'ng'iroq qilmagandan so'ng muvozanatingiz "yo'qolib" ketishi mumkin, ayniqsa, hukumatning ko'rsatmalari zaif yoki umuman taqiqlangan mamlakatlarda. biznes amaliyoti.

Shuningdek, siz yangi sotib olingan telefoningizni faollashtirish tartibini tekshirishingiz mumkin: ba'zi modellar ro'yxatdan o'tishingizni, shartlarni qabul qilishingiz va yangilanishlarni yuklab olishingizni talab qiladi, buning uchun sizga kerak bo'lgan yoki ishlaydigan Wi-Fi kerak bo'ladi, bu siz telefonni sotib olgan joyda mavjud bo'lmasligi mumkin yoki hatto sizning turar joyingizda. Agar sukut bo'yicha telefon mahalliy tildan foydalanishga sozlangan bo'lsa, sizga til sozlamalarini o'zgartirish uchun yordam kerak bo'lishi mumkin.

Ketishdan oldin telefonni ijaraga olish yoki sotib olish

Siz borishdan oldin telefoningiz va SIM-kartangizga ega bo'lsangiz, oilangiz, do'stlaringiz va hamkasblaringizga berish uchun sizning telefon raqamingiz bo'ladi. Siz qo'nishingiz bilanoq foydalanishga tayyor bo'lgan telefoningiz bo'ladi. Sizning dasturingizda sizning tilingizda to'liq foydalanish bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar, oldindan to'langan kredit qoldig'ini tekshirish, qo'shimcha kreditni qanday qo'shish, mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatish bilan qanday bog'lanish va xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlarni qanday amalga oshirish va qabul qilish haqida ma'lumotlar keltirilgan.

Bu, albatta, uy sharoitida mos telefon va SIM-karta olishingiz mumkinligini talab qiladi. Ular mahalliy do'konlarda sotilishi shart emas va har holda ular belgilangan manzilga qaraganda qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin.

USB zaryadlovchini sotib olish

Oddiy USB-C zaryadlovchi. E'tibor bering, barcha zaryadlovchi qurilmalar tez quvvat olish kabi xususiyatlarni bir xil qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi, bu esa yuqori quvvat sarf qiladigan ba'zi qurilmalarga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Paket sifatida sotilgan bo'lsa-da, simni va zaryadlovchini bu erdagi kabi jismonan ajratib turadigan bo'lsa, mustaqil ravishda almashtirish mumkin.

Bunga javoban mobil qurilmalar ishlab chiqaruvchilari yi 5V USB-ga telefonni qayta zaryadlash uchun standart ulanish sifatida o'tkazildi. Mahalliy bilan mos keladigan USB zaryadlash moslamasini topish nisbatan oson bo'lishi kerak elektr tizimlari boradigan joyingizda yoki noutbukda yoki biron bir mahalliy kompyuterda quvvat oling. Sizga hali ham zaryadlovchidagi USB kontaktiga telefoningizni ulaydigan simi kerak bo'ladi. Ular to'liq standartlashtirilmagan:

• Ilgari microUSB ning amaldagi Android standarti endi faqat eski telefonlarda va arzon narxlardagi bir nechta modellarda uchraydi.
• Aksariyat Apple qurilmalari xususiy ulagichdan foydalanadi, so'nggi telefonlar va iPad-larning aksariyati Lightning ulagichidan foydalanadi.
• Aksariyat Apple-ga tegishli bo'lmagan telefonlar, shuningdek, yangi Apple planshetlari (xususan, 2018 yildan keyingi iPad Pros va 2020 iPad Air), ulagichlari oldingi USB takrorlashlari bilan mos kelmaydigan USB-C-ga o'tdilar.

Ba'zi zaryadlovchilar kabelni zaryadlovchidan ajratib bo'lmaydi. Bu kamroq moslashuvchanlikni taklif etadi. Agar zaryadlovchida standart USB rozetkasi bo'lsa va sizning mustaqil kabelingizning shu uchida mos keladigan ulagich bo'lsa, siz o'zingizning kabelingizni chegara bo'ylab sotib olgan yangi zaryadlovchi bilan ishlatishda davom etishingiz mumkin - va sizning do'stingiz ham o'z kabeli bilan . Yangi zaryadlovchini sotib olayotganda, uning USB rozetkaga ega ekanligini tekshirishingiz kerak, to'g'ri simi bo'lganini sotib olishingiz shart emas. Agar bor bo'lsa, barchasi yaxshi, endi sizda zaxira bor.

Mintaqalar bo'yicha ma'lumot

Iltimos, ga qarang Aloqa bitta mamlakatga xos bo'lgan aloqa to'g'risida ma'lumot olish uchun boruvchi mamlakat maqolasining bo'limi.

Shimoliy Amerika

Frequencies in the Americas (ITU region 2, in blue) differ from the other continents

GSM (from the handful of major North American carriers that offer it) operates most often on 850 MHz/1900 MHz. AT&T and all three Canadian majors (Bell/Telus, Rogers) use 850 MHz/1900 MHz for their 3G (UMTS/WCDMA) networks. These are not the standard frequencies on other continents. Additional frequencies are used by new entrants, regional carriers or high-speed mobile data services.

AT&T and T-Mobile (USA) are GSM, as is Rogers (Canada). European handsets might roam onto these carriers (for a price, usually fairly steep) if they support local frequencies and the home carrier permits it. 3G (UMTS/WCDMA) is supported by more carriers than GSM, but frequency assignments vary widely. An unlocked quad-band GSM or UMTS handset should be able to take a local SIM at destination. AT&T shut down its 2G network in 2017 and will shut down 3G no later than the end of 2022. T-Mobile, which purchased Sprint in 2020 and has now folded the Sprint brand into its own (though the two networks will not be fully integrated until about 2023), plans to shut down its 2G network by the end of 2020.

Many American carriers and resellers (Verizon, Alltel, Tracfone, Virgin, legacy Sprint) make very heavy use of CDMA, an incompatible technology, with no GSM. All have shut down 2G CDMA; Verizon has announced it will shut down its 3G CDMA network by the end of 2020 (delayed from 2019). Canada's major incumbent telephone companies have abandoned CDMA; they only support 3G (UMTS/WCDMA) now. As CDMA-standard handsets are not required to provide removable SIM cards, a purchase of prepaid service from a US CDMA provider usually requires buying their branded handset.

Mobile subscribers in the USA and Canada must pay airtime for all calls, in or out. (This is not true in Caribbean nations.) Handsets are assigned local, geographic numbers; one may switch from wireline to wireless service and keep the same number. Calling to a mobile telephone therefore costs the same as calling to a landline. A handset taken out of its local home area incurs long-distance fees on incoming calls; this is less problematic on flat-rate plans. A prepaid SIM will not work until "activated" by phone or (with some providers) on-line, as the subscriber must choose a city (which need not be their place of residence) from which to obtain their local inbound number.

AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile (in the US) and Bell/Telus, Rogers (in Canada) operate national networks, so roaming is usually not an issue within the same country. Taking a Canadian handset into the US (or vice versa) can be an expensive ($1.50/minute) misadventure as, unlike the European Union, there is no legal limit to what providers can charge for roaming. Downloading large amounts of data abroad has cost some users hundreds of dollars or worse.

There are a few small regional carriers; these will incur roaming costs outside their home region and prepaid top-up cards are likely not in stores outside their home coverage area.

North American providers are notorious for flooding the market with branded handsets which are SIM-locked to one carrier on both pre-paid and post-paid services. A common tactic is to advertise an inexpensive (or even "free") handset in large print, while the fine print obligates the subscriber to a credit application for an expensive post-paid mobile subscription which takes years to pay off. Prepaid handsets are widely available at a reasonable initial price, but usually carry a higher per-minute rate and inflated prices for mobile data (a dime a megabyte on low-end Canadian prepaid handsets is not unusual). Most prepaid-cash plans do not permit roaming.

For travellers and infrequent users, prepaid is likely the only viable option. There is a confusing array of brand names; some are major carriers, some are "mobile virtual network operators" (which resell bandwidth on the network of a major carrier, at a lower price), some are merely one of the majors rebranded under another name to give the illusion of competition. Prepaid minutes from one brand won't work with the others, even if they're using the same underlying carrier.

Refills (in the US) or top-ups (in Canada) for prepaid cards are generally available at convenience stores, filling stations, big-box retailers, pharmacies and Canadian post offices. It is often possible to refill using a credit card online. Some store-brand virtual operators (such as Loblaws or Petro-Canada) sell through their own stores (selected locations) or online only. Long distance on basic low-end prepaid plans is expensive ($0.25/minute airtime $0.25/minute or more for a trunk call is typical for the base "prepaid anytime" plans in Canada, while Internet-telefoniya would cost a penny or two for the same call); it may be cheaper to use prepaid long-distance cards for anything more than a town or two away. Some higher plans, particularly in the US, include unmetered domestic long distance at no added per-minute cost or unmetered mobile airtime (often in off-peak hours). There are also extra-cost plans to extend the meagre data allotment on prepaid mobiles. Direct-dial overseas calls (or calls to former 1 809 points in the Karib dengizi) are expensive on prepaid plans and best avoided.

Billing for calls usually begins when the call is dialled, not when it's actually answered; providers also round call lengths up to the next full minute.

Directory assistance is available at 4-1-1 or 1-area code-555-1212 but is expensive; advertising-supported competitor 1-800-Free411 or websites like 411.ca, 411.info or canada411.com are cheaper alternatives. Automobile association members may obtain mobile roadside assistance by dialling *222 (*CAA or *AAA); some specific services like #TAXI (#8294) will hail the next available cab in much of Canada or the US for a cost of $1.25-$2.

In the US, few retailers sell used phones; independent phone shops which can unlock a phone are rare outside large-city immigrant communities. Factory-unlocked handsets, used handsets and codes to unlock existing handsets may be purchased online.

Prepaid GSM SIM cards are relatively difficult to find outside the stores of US mobile phone providers. T-mobile offers one ($10) at their own shops or online, AT&T offers a SIM-only prepaid package on their website and stores. Another option is buying the least expensive prepaid phone; if you intend to move the SIM card to your own unlocked handset, do not insert the SIM into the phone supplied as (on AT&T "GoPhone") that will lock the SIM into that phone. T-Mobile also offers visitors a specialised 21-day prepaid SIM for $30 which includes 1,000 minutes of calls, 2GB of 4G data, and unlimited SMS.

Some online services will ship prepaid SIMs overseas or ship specialised "travel SIMs" to North American addresses, but typically overcharge badly (for example Telestial yoki Cellular Abroad).

Osiyo

• Some providers in Xitoy use TD-SCDMA (an incompatible alternative to W-CDMA on 3G UMTS handsets) or TD-LTE (as an alternative to LTE on 4G devices). These standards are rare in other countries.
• For visitors in Hindiston, getting a SIM card is very easy and requires copies of passport and a few photograph. A 6 GB 4G data with 3 month calling can be availed for INR 350 (~US$ 5)
• Yaponiya va Janubiy Koreya have no GSM coverage but have UMTS (3G) coverage, and most modern phones with 3G capability on the local frequencies should be able to roam there (Korea has 2G and 3G CDMA coverage as well as 3G UMTS coverage).
• Japan will generally not allow sale of SIM cards to foreigners on visa waiver or short term visas unless it is data-only; in general, your options are roaming (with a compatible 3G GSM phone), renting a phone, or using a data-only SIM. This can be done at the major airports (Narita, Kansai, probably others) or via delivery to your hotel or business. Expect to pay $1–2 (¥100-200) a day, plus fairly high per-call/per-minute rates. For data-only SIMs, prices vary wildly as some providers charge anywhere from less than ¥5,000 (~US$50) for unlimited data for 7-days to a total of more than ¥10,000 (~US$100) for a SIM and a mere 5 GB of data good for one month so do some research on this before leaving for your trip.
• South Korea will only sell SIM cards to residents. Short term visitors will have to either use roaming or phone rental from an airport. Note that a South Korean resident is allowed to register a few SIMs, so you could use one registered by a friend,
• Mehmonlar Singapur can buy a SIM card from currency exchange stalls, service centres of the TelCo providers or 7-11 convenience stores. However, they are required to give their passport at the point-of-sale for the service to be activated. A user is allowed to have a maximum 3 Singaporean SIM cards registered to his name at a time.
• In Tailand, the best place to buy a used phone or get one unlocked is the 4th floor of the MBK mall in Bangkok. More than half the floor (nearly a full city block) is small mobile-phone vendors (most selling a mix of used and new), and many will do repairs, unlocks (and those that don't will generally be happy to take your phone to one that does and split the fee.) Expect to savdolashish qiyin!
• Mayor BAA carrier Etisalat has stores in both Dubai Airport(Terminal 1) and Abu Dhabi Airport. Prepaid plans are economical, purchase requires a passport.

Afrika

• Egypt likewise won't let tourists buy SIM cards- as tourists would arrive, buy a card, then throw it out after a few weeks, proof of Egyptian citizenship is required to buy them. There is a way to rent cards, but it's a fairly arduous process involving contacting Egyptian phone companies before travelling, and so probably not worth it.

Australia/Oceania

• 3G usually on 900/2100 MHz (Telstra is 850/2100) and 4G on 1800 MHz and 700MHz.
• Virgin, TPG va Exetel are Australian virtual operators reselling bandwidth on Optus or Vodafone networks.

Evropa

Shuningdek qarang: European Union#Connect

• Although in theory usage of calls and texts in the EU should initially come out of your plan's domestic allowances if you are an EU-based subscriber, there are still a lot of important exceptions and caveats. For instance, telcos that routinely offer large amounts of data at extremely cheap rates or unlimited data in some form may limit how much of it can be used outside the telco's home country. Telcos may also opt not to offer roaming at all for some of their plans or to charge roaming at the pay-as-you-go Eurotariffs in addition to the standard domestic pay-as-you-go rates. These may happen if a user's existing bundle is priced in a way that telcos would otherwise be paying more to their counterparts elsewhere than receiving from the user from that bundle. In these cases, the onus is on the telcos to state these restrictions clearly. As this feature is intended for EU subscribers who travel other parts of the EU only occasionally, to prevent abuse (e.g. because one's existing plan is cheaper than any of those offered by the telcos in a that user's actual country of 'residence'), the EU permits telcos to seek evidence from those who have been using their service outside their home country more than inside within a four-month period. Click Bu yerga for more information on EU roaming.
• The rules on roaming do not cover calling a foreign number from the SIM's home country. If you are visiting several countries or use the SIM to call home, or European friends, make sure those calls are covered or check the separate price list.
• Registration of SIM cards in Germaniya is now compulsory before they can be used. If you want to register your SIM at the same time as you purchase it, you need to purchase the SIM directly at a store operated by a telco (click on these for T-mobile, O2va Vodafone shops) or its appointed partners (click on these links for a list of Lebara's va Lycamobile's partners) and bring your passport with you as registration involves verification of your identity. Although the process may sound daunting, the user does not have to be a German resident to purchase a German SIM card.
• When purchasing a prepaid Frantsuzcha SIM card, activation is required. However the retailer does not require a copy of the passport from the user. Instead, the user will have to follow instructions that came with the French SIM card, which either instructs the user to log-on to the provider's website or contact a hotline. These can be purchased at retailers.
• Mehmonlar Italiya are required to produce a passport when purchasing a SIM card in order to have the service activated. In some cases, a photocopy of the passport may be all that is sufficient - this is at the merchant/retailer's discretion. You can purchase prepaid SIM cards at foreign currency stalls and at stores of mobile phone providers.
• Siz sotib olishingiz mumkin Buyuk Britaniya prepaid (known here as "pay as you go") SIM cards at vending machines right before baggage claim in Heathrow Airport. Supermarkets and off-licence stores also sell SIM cards and top-up vouchers. Specialist mobile phone providers such as Lebara, Vectone and Lycamobile offer good rates for frequent overseas calls. At special events and public festivals, representatives of mobile phone providers give SIM cards out for free but you need to top up the required credit. Providers such as GiffGaff only operate online but their SIM cards can occasionally be found at certain events.
• Given the dispute over whether the Qrim yarim oroli belongs to Rossiya yoki Ukraina, and given Russia's de facto control over the peninsula, most mobile phones that do not have a Russian SIM card will not work on the peninsula.

Satellite phones

Inmarsat satellite telephone deployed after the 2005 Sumatra earthquake in Indonesia.

In remote locations, without cell phone coverage, a satellite phone may be your only option. A satellite phone is not generally a replacement for a cellular phone; they're bulkier and have noticeably more delay than cellular phones, and you have to be outdoors with clear line of sight to the satellite to make a phone call. Satellite phone services are frequently used by maritime transport (including pleasure craft) as well as expeditions who have remote data and voice needs. Your local telephone service provider should be able to give more information about connecting to this service.

Several networks use geostationary satellites, which can cover large portions of the Earth with as little as one satellite, and global coverage with only a handful. In addition to voice calls, these can also provide relatively high bandwidth data connections (perhaps around 60 to 512 kbps, and up to 50 Mbps in some of the newest hardware). Such a system does have disadvantages: there's some delay (around 0.25 seconds, due to the speed of light), and it can be difficult to get line of sight if there are hills or trees in the way. They also cannot provide coverage at the poles north/south of 70-80 degrees latitude. While the services are packaged and provided to consumers by a number of companies, it's more useful to describe the few satellite operators themselves. Ular:

• Inmarsat — Global coverage from 13 satellites
• MSAT — North America
• Terrestar — North America
• Thuraya — Their network, using a Thuraya handset, allows roaming from GSM to satellite depending on network availability. Check to see if they have an agreement with your home network. Some networks (for example Vodafone UK) charge a very high rate for incoming calls (£6.00/min). If a lot of calls are to be made, buy a SIM card from a satellite phone provider. Calls on the Thuraya system cost from $0.50-$1.30/min. Thuraya network uses geostationary satellites over Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East, so check for coverage in the area you are travelling to. You may have to orient the antenna of the device towards the satellite for best reception.

Two other networks operate satellites in low Earth Orbit. These orbit the Earth every 1½-2 hours using a network of several dozen satellites. Reception on the ground changes rapidly over time, as each satellite is only in view for 5-15 minutes; as they arc across the sky, your signal may be temporarily blocked by obstacles. The network should pass connections to the next satellite, but if your signal is blocked before this can happen it can cause calls to drop. Data speeds are significantly lower at just 2200-9600 bit/s, although upgrades will bring this into the range of 128 kbps or better.

• Globalstar — Globalstar's system is, in theory, capable of covering across most of the continents (but not the polar regions) and some of the oceans, but satellites relay calls directly to ground stations and there are gaps in certain remote areas where there are no nearby stations. Cost is typically $1-1.50/minute plus a monthly subscription; in most countries, Globalstar issues numbers which look to be within the country (so a Canadian might get a Kalgari yoki Smiths Falls geographic number) and its subscribers pay to receive calls.
• Iridium — The only truly global network, Iridium works anywhere with line-of-sight with the sky. Their satellites orbit pole-to-pole, ensuring coverage of every continent and ocean as well as excellent coverage in extreme northern/southern latitudes. Because calls are routed from satellite to satellite until they reach one of the four ground stations, delay is large and fairly variable (around 1 second up to 1.8 seconds). Expect to pay about USD 1.50-2.00/minute for outgoing calls, with only slightly lower rates to call another Iridium phone. Iridium does not sell direct and only sells phones through dealers who may also rent units as well.

For fixed installations in off-the-grid locations, satellite Internet may be adequate to allow Internet-telefoniya. This is a standard way to reach points like Tovuq, Alyaska or an outfitter's camp in the distant wilds of Labrador; as no local infrastructure exists, a business offering a wi-fi hotspot by necessity feeds directly to a dish.

Satellite phones may be unavailable for purchase or illegal in Saudi Arabia, China, India, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, North Sri Lanka, and Syria. They will still function in these areas, however. Some countries require a special permit for using satellite phones within their territory.

Conversely, the Nyufaundlend government will lend a satellite phone with very limited capability to travellers on the Trans-Labrador avtomagistrali through remote regions of Labrador, where this is the only viable means to call for roadside assistance.

Foydalanish

Shuningdek qarang: Sayohatchilar uchun smartfon dasturlari

Most mobile phones come with a camera, and are useful for sayyohlik fotosuratlari va video yozuv. These are usually less capable than a dedicated digital camera or an expensive DSLR (as they lack features like optical zoom or interchangeable lenses), but they offer the advantage of portability as they are small and inconspicuous. Juda ko'p .. lar bor smartphone apps useful for travelers.

For video recording or if taking lots of photos, your memory card may run out of space, and it is easy to lose the minuscule modern ones while changing cards in busy areas or off road. Plan ahead so that you can do it in a comfortable environment, or perhaps offload to USB sticks (using a laptop or a suitable adapter), which are easier to handle. Mobile data can be used to upload the recordings, but do your math on storage needs, expenses and upload times with realistic (or worst-case) bandwidth.

In Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Kanada) wireless public alerting (WPA)-compatible 4G LTE telephones can receive emergency alerts from various levels of government to warn of inclement weather, fires, natural disasters, terrorist threats and civil emergencies. Alerts are sent as (seemingly) regular SMS messages in some other countries. These alerts are geo-targeted and cannot be opted-out (assuming the phone is turned on) but there is no charge to receive them.

Stay safe – if you get an "EMERGENCY ALERT/ALERTE D’URGENCE" message, follow its instructions.

Shuningdek qarang

• Sayohatchilar uchun smartfon dasturlari