Trinidad va Tobago - Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad va Tobago asosan ikkitadan iborat bo'lgan millatdir Karib orollari, Trinidad va Tobago, shimoliy-sharqiy qirg'og'idan tashqarida Venesuela. Mamlakat Karib dengizida eng sanoati rivojlangan va eng gullab-yashnagan mamlakatlaridan biridir. Umuman olganda, turizm yirik sanoat emas (garchi Tobago orolida mutanosib ravishda ko'proq bo'lsa ham), chunki orollar Karib dengizining aksariyat boshqa davlatlarida bo'lmagan tabiiy buzilmagan go'zalliklarga boy.

Tushuning

Tarix

Orollarda birinchi bo'lib bu erda Janubiy Amerika materikidan kelib chiqqan va avlodlari oz sonli aholini tashkil etuvchi Aravak va Karib aholisi yashagan. Trinidadni Ispaniya uchun da'vo qilgan Kristofer Kolumb ko'rgan. Ispaniya hukmronligi ostida ko'plab frantsuz ko'chmanchilari Trinidadda kakao plantatsiyalarini tashkil etishdi va ularga ishlov berish uchun qullarni olib kelishdi. 1798 yilda inglizlar orolni egallab olishdi va qullikni bekor qilishdi. Ishchi kuchi etishmovchiligini qoplash uchun hukumat Portugaliya, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Xitoy va eng muhimi Hindiston kabi mamlakatlardan og'ir immigratsiyani rag'batlantirdi. Trinidad 1880-yillarda Tobago bilan birlashtirilgan. 1900-yillarning boshlarida mamlakat Karib dengizining boshqa mamlakatlaridan, shuningdek Venesuela va Kolumbiyadan kelgan minglab qora tanli muhojirlarni kutib oldi. Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin TT boshqa Buyuk Britaniyaning Karib dengizi mamlakatlari bilan G'arbiy Hindiston federatsiyasiga qo'shildi. Biroq, orollarning turli guruhlari til topisha olmadi va tez orada federatsiya qulab tushdi. Oxir-oqibat TT 1962 yil 31 avgustda to'la mustaqillikka erishdi. 1960-70 yillarda butun mamlakat katta neft va tabiiy gaz konlari tufayli obod bo'lib, Karib dengizidagi eng boy davlatga aylandi. Biroq, 1980-yillarning oxirlarida neft narxi sezilarli darajada pasayib, katta iqtisodiy tanazzulga sabab bo'ldi. Ayni paytda minglab Trinidadiyaliklar boshqa joylardan yaxshi imkoniyatlarni qidirib, mamlakatni tark etishdi. 1990-2000 yillar davomida mamlakat keskin tiklandi va bugungi kunda xalqning turmush darajasi yaxshilanmoqda.

Odamlar

Mamlakatda nisbatan tinchlik va hamjihatlikda birga yashaydigan turli xil xalqlar va madaniyatlar yashaydigan kosmopolit jamiyat mavjud. Etnik Hindular aholining ko'pligini, Afrika millatiga mansub qora tanlilar esa ikkinchi yirik guruhni tashkil qiladi.

Iqtisodiyot

Ikki orolning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari bor. Trinidad ikkitasidan kattaroq va mamlakatning aksariyat shaharlari joylashgan joyi va faoliyati. Bu shuningdek, T&T kompaniyasini Karib dengizidagi eng gullab-yashnagan mamlakatlardan biriga aylantirgan neft va tabiiy gaz qazib chiqarishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan mamlakatning sanoat markazi. Tobago uning asosiy sohasi bo'lgan va mashhur sayyohlik maskani bo'lgan turizm bilan mashhur. Ikkala orol ham tabiiy go'zallikning ulushiga ega.

Iqlim

Trinidad va Tobago, tropik mintaqada joylashgan bo'lib, shimoliy-sharqiy shamollar ta'sirida odatda yoqimli dengiz tropik iqlimiga ega. Trinidadda o'rtacha yillik harorat 26 ° C (78,8 ° F), o'rtacha o'rtacha harorat 34 ° C (93,2 ° F). Namlik yuqori, ayniqsa yomg'irli mavsumda, o'rtacha 85 dan 87% gacha. Orolda yiliga o'rtacha 2110 millimetr (83,1 dyuym) yomg'ir yog'adi, odatda iyun-dekabr oylarida, qisqa muddatli va kuchli yomg'irlar sodir bo'lganda. Yog'ingarchilik Shimoliy tog 'tizmasida eng ko'p, unga 3,810 mm (150 dyuym) tushishi mumkin. Quruq mavsumda orolning markaziy ichki qismini qurg'oqchilik qamrab oldi. Tobago iqlimi Trinidadnikiga o'xshash, ammo salqinroq. Uning yomg'irli mavsumi iyundan dekabrgacha davom etadi; yillik yog'ingarchilik 2500 mm (98.4 dyuym). Orollar bo'ron kamaridan tashqarida joylashgan; shunga qaramay, "Flora" to'foni 1963 yilda Tobagoga zarar etkazdi va "Alma" tropik bo'roni 1974 yilda Trinidadni urib, to'liq quvvat olishdan oldin zarar etkazdi.

Relyef

Trinidadni uchta aniq tog 'tizmalari bosib o'tadi. Venesuelaning And tog'laridan tashqarida joylashgan Shimoliy tizma qirg'oqqa parallel bo'lgan qo'pol tepaliklardan iborat. Ushbu diapazon ikkita cho'qqiga ko'tariladi. Eng baland El Cerro del Aripo balandligi 940 m (3,084 fut); ikkinchisi, El Tucuche, 936 metrga etadi. Markaziy tizma diagonal bo'ylab orol bo'ylab cho'zilgan va past tekislikdir. Karoni tekisligi janubga cho'zilib, Shimoliy va Markaziy tizmalarni ajratib turadi. Janubiy tizma maksimal balandligi 305 metr (1001 fut) bo'lgan tepaliklar singan chiziqlardan iborat. Trinidad orolida ko'plab daryolar va soylar mavjud; eng muhimlari Ortoire daryosi va Karoni daryosi.

Tobago tog'li va asosiy tizmasi tomonidan boshqariladi, uning uzunligi 29 kilometrni tashkil etadi va balandligi 640 metrgacha etadi. Asosiy tizmaning shimolidan va janubidan oqib o'tadigan chuqur, unumdor vodiylar mavjud. Orolning janubi-g'arbiy qismida marjon platformasi mavjud. Tobago kelib chiqishi vulkanik bo'lsa-da, faol vulkanlar yo'q. Ko'p sonli daryolar va soylar mavjud, ammo suv toshqini va eroziya Trinidadga qaraganda unchalik og'ir emas.

Bayramlar

• 1 yanvar: Yangi yil kuni
• fevral/mart oyining boshida: Karnaval (rasmiy bayram emas); Ash chorshanba oldidan (Ro'za)
• 30 mart: Spiritual Baptist / Shouterni ozod qilish kuni
• Pasxa (harakatlanuvchi)
• Korpus Kristi (harakatlanuvchi)
• 30 may: Hindistonga kelish kuni
• 19 iyun: Mehnat kuni
• 1 avgust: Ozodlik kuni
• 31 avgust: Mustaqillik kuni
• 24 sentyabr: Respublika kuni
• Ramazon hayiti: (o'zgaruvchan)
• 25 dekabr: Rojdestvo
• 26 dekabr: Boks kuni

Mintaqalar

Shaharlar

• 10.666666666667-61.5166666666671 Ispaniya porti - Poytaxt shahar
• 10.625-61.2791666666672 Arima - taniqli kalipso rassomi "Lord Kitchener" ning tug'ilgan joyi
• 10.514444444444-61.40753 Chaguanalar - eng tez rivojlanayotgan va eng katta munitsipalitet, asosan Sharqiy hindistonlik ishchilarning avlodlari yashaydi
• 10.683333333333-61.6333333333334 Chaguaramas - mamlakatning yaxtalash markazi bo'lgan Trinidadning shimoli-g'arbiy qismida, qayiq egalari uchun ko'plab imkoniyatlar mavjud
• 10.166666666667-61.6666666666675 Fortin nuqtasi - La Brea Pitch ko'lining chetida joylashgan va neft qazib olish bilan mashhur bo'lgan janubiy g'arbiy munitsipalitet
• 10.283333333333-61.4666666666676 San-Fernando - Janubiy shahar
• 11.183333333333-60.7333333333337 Skarboro (Tobago poytaxti)

Boshqa yo'nalishlar

• Caroni Bird Sanctuary va sobiq shakarqamish joylari (qushlarni tomosha qilish uchun juda yaxshi joy, ko'plab chivinlar)
• Shimoliy qirg'oq plyajlari (Marakas, Las-Kyuevas)
• La Brea Pitch ko'li
• Lopinot tarixiy sayti - Frantsiya grafligi Charlz Jozef de Lopinotga tegishli sobiq kakao mulkida qurilgan muzey
• Roksboro - Shimoliy Tobago, tropik o'rmonlar qo'riqxonasi
• Orollardan pastga - shimoli-g'arbiy yarim orolning kichik orollari tinch chekinishni taklif qiladi.

Chiqinglar

Kirish talablari

Barcha tashrif buyuruvchilar: yashash muddati uchun amal qiluvchi pasport, qaytib kelish chiptasi, o'zlarini ushlab turish uchun mablag 'haqida ma'lumot, mehmonxonalar yoki oila / do'st kabi TTdagi manzilga ega bo'lishlari kerak.

Fuqarolar Buyuk Britaniya, AQSH, Kanada, Caricom mamlakatlari (bundan mustasno Gaiti), Singapur va eng ko'p EEA va Lotin Amerikasi davlatlari ta'tilda yoki 90 kun va undan kam ish kunida viza talab qilmaydi. Boshqa millatlar a uchun murojaat qilishlari kerak oldindan viza^{[o'lik havola]} chet elda TT elchixonasida yoki konsulligida. Mamlakatdan chiqib ketayotganda, Venesuelaga paromda 5 TT dollarlik soliq to'lash kerak.

Samolyotda

Asosiy aeroport Piarco xalqaro aeroporti (POS ^IATA) ustida Trinidad, janubi-sharqdan taxminan 25 km Ispaniya porti. To'g'ridan-to'g'ri havo xizmati Mayami, Ft. Lauderdeyl, Xyuston, Orlando, Nyu-York (JFK) va Nyuark, AQSh; Toronto, Kanada; London, Buyuk Britaniya; Karakas va Porlomar, Venesuela; Panama shahri, Panama; Paramaribo, Surinam; Jorjtaun, Gayana; Barbados va Karib dengizidagi boshqa har xil orollar.

Trinidadga xizmat ko'rsatadigan aviakompaniyalar

Caribbean Airlines (Milliy aviakompaniya), Mayami, Nyu-York, Fort-Loderdeyl, Orlando, Toronto, Karakas, Jorjtaun, Kingston, Paramaribo, Barbados va boshqa Karib dengizidagi orollardan Ispaniya portiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar (POS ^IATA).

Air Canada Rouge, Torontodan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

American Airlines, Mayamidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

British Airways, London Gatvikidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

Caribbean Airlines aviakompaniyasi Shimoliy Amerika, Janubiy Amerika va butun Karib dengizi bo'ylab to'g'ridan-to'g'ri parvozlarni amalga oshiradi.

Copa Airlines, Panama shahridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar.

JetBlue, Ft. Lauderdeyl va Nyu-York-JFK.

Surinam Airways, Paramaribo va Kyurasaodan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri flihgts

United Airlines, Xyuston va Nyuarkdan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

WestJet, Torontodan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

Tobagoga xizmat ko'rsatadigan aviakompaniyalar

Tobagoniki Artur Napoleon Raymond Robinson nomidagi xalqaro aeroport (TAB ^IATA) cheklangan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xizmatlarga ega, asosan dan London

Trinidaddan ichki reyslarni va Nyu-Yorkdan (JFK) to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslarni taklif qiluvchi Caribbean Airlines.

Virgin Atlantic, Londonning Gatvik shahridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar

British Airways, Londonning Gatvik shahridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri parvozlar

Kondor, Germaniyaning Frankfurt shahridan charter xizmati

Xalqaro qatnov solig'i 2014 yilga kelib 200 TT dollarni tashkil etadi, bu sizning savdo nuqtangizdagi chiptangiz narxiga qo'shiladi.

Qayiqda

Trinidad - yaxta egalari orasida mashhur joy. Orolning eng shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Chaguaramas mintaqasidagi ko'pchilik langar. The Trinidad va Tobago yelkan assotsiatsiyasi mahalliy sifatida "Yachti" deb nomlanuvchi qayiqchilarga xizmat ko'rsatadi. Kruiz kemalari, shuningdek, Ispaniya portidagi Kruiz kemalari majmuasida to'xtashlari mumkin.

Atrofga boring

Orollar ichida

Do'lda minib

TTRS Trinidad va Tobago Ride ulushi - bu sayohat qilishning xavfsiz va monastir usuli. Ilovani yuklab oling va borishdan oldin tasdiqlang. Siz haydovchiga TT dollarida yoki kredit kartangizda to'lashingiz mumkin, lekin sayohat boshlanishidan oldin kirishingiz kerak. Trinidadda Uber mavjud emas.

Taksida

Taxicabs - bu oddiy markali, oddiy markali yo'lovchi tashiydigan avtomobillar. Biroq, ularning davlat raqamlari "H" harfi bilan boshlanadi. Ular ko'chaning burchagida yoki yo'lning chetida joylashgan taksi stendlarida joylashgan. Shahar va tumanlarda joylashgan taksi to'xtash joylari odatda belgilanadi, ammo shahar tashqarisida ular yo'q. Biroq, odam taksini yo'l chetidan haydab, qaerga ketayotganini va taksini yollamasdan oldin yo'l haqini so'rashi mumkin. Bittasi individual o'rindiq uchun pul to'laydi va taksilar birgalikda foydalaniladi, ammo agar xohlasa, va kutayotgan yo'lovchilar ko'p bo'lmasa, butun mashina yollanishi mumkin. Aeroport taksilari bundan mustasno, chunki deyarli har doim butun mashinani yollashi kerak.

"Maxitaksis" yoki oddiygina "Maxis" deb nomlangan kattaroq taksilar belgilangan yo'nalish bo'ylab harakatlanishadi. Ular mini avtobuslarga o'xshaydi va oq yoki bej rangga bo'yalgan va atrofida rangli tasma bor. Har bir maxi odatda taxminan 11 yoki 25 yo'lovchiga ega. Tasmaning rangi ular sayohat qilayotgan hududni bildiradi. Ularda o'zlarining taksi to'xtash joylari va terminallari mavjud. Ispaniyaning Port shahrida maxislar jo'nab, "City Gate" terminaliga etib kelishadi, San-Fernandoda esa ular jo'nab King's Wharf-dagi avtobus terminaliga etib kelishadi. Ushbu Maxi taksilari orolning sharqiy, janubiy va markaziy hududlariga sayohat qilmoqda. G'arbga sayohat qilish uchun shahar darvozasidan bir necha kilometr uzoqlikda joylashgan Diego martin / Petit vodiysi / Carenage / Chagaramas maxi stendi kabi bir necha belgilangan joylar mavjud. Maxi taksini charterli safarda butun kunga yollash mumkin. Bularni maxi taksi haydovchilari bilan oldindan oldindan kelishib olish mumkin. Narxlar har xil.

Çingene kabinalari ham mavjud. Mahalliy ravishda ular "PH" deb nomlanadi, chunki ular yollash uchun noqonuniy foydalaniladigan shaxsiy avtomobillardir. Ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki "PH" haydovchilari jinoyatchilik, shu jumladan qotillik, odam o'g'irlash va talonchilik bilan bog'liq bo'lib, yollangan yo'lovchilar uchun hech qanday sug'urta qilmaydilar.

Ba'zi maslahatlar

• Barcha taksilar uchun naqd pul TT dollar bilan to'lanishi kerak. Ba'zi haydovchilar AQSh dollari, Kanada dollari yoki evroni qabul qiladilar, ammo ular sizga qulay kursni bermasligi mumkin. Yo'l haqini oldindan so'rash yaxshidir. Maxi taksilarida konduktorga yoki konduktor bo'lmasa haydovchiga pul bering. Aeroport taksilaridan tashqari uchish kutilmaydi. Ammo, agar siz o'zingizni saxiy his qilsangiz, xohlasangiz maslahat berishingiz mumkin. Taksi haydovchilari odatda kvitansiya bermaydilar.
• Agar odatdagi belgilangan yo'nalishdan (odatda asosiy yo'ldan) chiqsangiz, taksiga chiqishdan oldin taksi haydovchisiga xabar bering. Ba'zilar jinoyatchilik yoki yomon yo'llar tufayli katta yo'ldan chiqishni xohlamasliklari mumkin. Agar siz ularni oldindan ogohlantirmasangiz, ular sizni maqsadingizga yaqin joyda tashlab yuborishlari mumkin va siz yurishingizga to'g'ri keladi. Maxi taksilari odatda belgilangan marshrutdan chiqmaydi, ammo ularning ba'zilari yo'lovchilardan, agar ortiqcha tirbandlik bo'lsa, muqobil marshrutni olish mumkinmi, deb so'rashadi. Agar maxi sizning boradigan joyingizni sog'inib ketmasligi to'g'risida shubhangiz bo'lsa, dirijyordan so'rang.
• Shov-shuv paytida taksi yoki maxi qidirishdan saqlaning (AM va PM, lekin PM yomonroq). Taksilar to'xtash joyiga gavjum bo'lishadi, boshqalari esa taksidan oldin to'xtashga murojaat qilishlari mumkin. Aniq natija shundaki, taksi to'xtash joyiga yetguncha to'la va kutish juda uzoq bo'lishi mumkin.
• Ba'zi maxi va taksi haydovchilari transport vositasida yo'lovchilarning qonuniy sonidan ko'proq narsani olishni xohlashadi. Bu xavfli va noqonuniy amaliyotdir, chunki maxi taksisi haddan tashqari yuklanganida va avariyaga tushib qolsa, yo'lovchilarning birortasi uchun sug'urta qoplamasi mavjud emas. Xavfli ravishda rad eting yoki hech bo'lmaganda nimaga xavf tug'dirayotganingizni biling.
• Agar sizning taksingiz yoki maxi avtohalokatga uchragan bo'lsa, qonuniy huquqlaringizni ta'minlash uchun imkon qadar tezroq politsiyaga xabar bering. Taksi haydovchilari barcha yo'lovchilar uchun sug'urta majburiyatini olishlari shart. Politsiya hisobotlari yurisdiktsiyaga ega bo'lgan militsiya bo'limiga shaxsan topshirilishi mumkin. Mahalliy aholidan so'rang. Ular bilib oladilar. Agar siz yoki kimdir tez tibbiy yordamni talab qilsa, 999 yoki 990 raqamlarini tering.
• Ba'zi taksilar oldinga qarab taksilarni to'ldirishadi. Bu ko'proq shahar va tumanlarda uchraydi.
• Maxi taksini to'xtab turish uchun (ya'ni manzilingizga qarab) to'xtatish tugmachasini bosing. Ular ba'zida yorliq bilan belgilanmaydi, ammo qonunga ko'ra maxi taksilar ularga ega bo'lishlari shart.
• Jamoat binolarida chekish qonunga ziddir.

Avtobusda

Avtobuslar Jamoat transporti xizmati korporatsiyasi^{[o'lik havola]} (PTSC) Trinidad va Tobago hukumatiga tegishli. Avtobuslar va avtobus chiptalarini Port-of-Spain shahridagi City Gate, San-Fernandodagi King's Wharf va boshqa turli xil terminallar va avtobus bekatlarida olish mumkin. Avtobusga chiqish uchun chipta kerak. Avtobus haydovchilari naqd pul yoki kredit kartalarni qabul qilmaydi.

Paromda

Trinidad orolida shimolda Ispaniyaning Port-of-Ispan va janubda San-Fernando o'rtasida joylashgan asosiy feribotlar mavjud. Paromda qatnovlar oralig'ida taxminan 45 minutni tashkil etadi va bir tomonlama sayohat narxi 15 TT dollarni tashkil etadi (taxminan 2,50 AQSh dollari).

Mashinada

Avtomobil ijarasi keng tarqalgan bo'lib, haydash chap tomonda (ingliz uslubi). Avtomobillarni ijaraga oladigan bir qancha kompaniyalar mavjud, shu jumladan Budget va Hertz kabi xalqaro zanjirlar. Shuningdek, "Auto Rentals", "Kalloo's" va boshqa ko'plab mahalliy kompaniyalar mavjud. Eng yaxshisi avtoulovni oldindan zahiraga olish. Biroq, aeroportda avtoulovni kelganidan keyin ijaraga olish mumkin. Ijaraga olingan avtoulovlarning davlat raqamlari odatda birinchi harf sifatida "R" ("Ijaraga" ma'nosini anglatadi) bilan belgilanadi. Ba'zi xususiy shaxslar "P" harfi ("Shaxsiy" ma'nosini anglatadi) bilan belgilangan plitalari bo'lgan mashinalarni ijaraga olishadi, ammo bu noqonuniy amaliyot va "R" plitasi bo'lgan mashinani ijaraga olish yaxshiroqdir.

Biroq, jinoyatchilar ijaraga olingan avtomobil haydovchilarini nishonga olish odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda, chunki aksariyat mahalliy aholi barcha chet elliklar boy ekanligiga ishonishadi. Shunday qilib, tobora ko'payib borayotgan avtoulovlarni ijaraga beruvchi firmalar endi o'zlarining avtomobillarini "P" bilan jihozlashmoqda, chunki bu avtomobil aslida ijaraga berilishini yashiradi.

Yo'l holati va tirbandlik

Yo'l harakati qoidalariga rioya qilmaydigan haydovchilardan ehtiyot bo'ling. Ular qizil chiroqlarda to'xtamasliklari va kutilmagan burilishlarni amalga oshirishlari mumkin. Agar siz faqat o'ng tomonga haydashga odatlangan bo'lsangiz, umuman haydamaslik haqida o'ylang. Tirik qolish uchun haydang. Agar siz noxush holatni, ayniqsa, yo'l g'azablanish hodisasiga aylanishi mumkinligini taxmin qilsangiz, undan qoching.

Tezlik chegaralari amal qiladi (avtomagistrallarda 80 km / soat), lekin kamdan-kam hollarda qo'llaniladi. Ko'pgina yo'l belgilari eski va unchalik ko'rinmaydigan bo'lib, masofalar kilometrlarda belgilanadi. Ayniqsa, kech tunda yoki erta tongda yo'llardan bahramand bo'lish, agar siz yaxshi haydash imkoniga ega bo'lsangiz, bu qiziqarli tajriba. Shoshilinch soatlarda yoki avtoulov qirolichasi Savannasi atrofida asosiy avtomagistrallarda tezlikni oshirishdan saqlaning. Bundan tashqari, sizni tortib olish ehtimoli nolga teng.

Ko'plab haydovchilar buni amalga oshirayotganini ko'rsangiz ham, chapga burilishni qizil rangga aylantirish (AQSh kabi chap qo'l haydovchi mamlakatlarda o'ngga burilishga teng). Qaytish ham noqonuniy hisoblanadi.

Ayniqsa, taksilar va Maxi taksilari ko'plab avtohalokatlar va transport vositalarida o'lim bilan bog'liq. Ular ko'pincha yo'lovchilarni olib ketish yoki tushirish, xavfli manevralar qilish va umuman beparvolik bilan haydash to'g'risida ogohlantirmasdan to'xtab qolishadi. Bu noqonuniy bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, vaqti-vaqti bilan tekshiruvlar va yo'l to'siqlaridan tashqari, politsiya ularni bezovta qilmaydigan ko'rinadi. Maxi taksilariga va taksilarga aloqador politsiya harakati odatda transportda jiddiy muammolar yuzaga kelganda ro'y beradi, bu holda politsiya va shahar yoki shahar Maksi taksilarini boshqa joyga ko'chirishi odatiy hol emas.

Shuningdek, odamlar transport vositalarini yo'lning o'rtasida, elkasi bo'lmagan joyda to'xtatadilar. Qarama-qarshi chiziq bo'shatilguncha kutib turing, so'ng to'xtab turgan mashinani aylanib o'ting.

Ispaniyaning Port va San-Fernando shaharlari kabi ko'proq aholi punktlarida piyodalarga e'tibor bering, chunki jaywalking odatiy holdir. Piyodalarni kesib o'tishda transport signallari juda kam. Bundan tashqari, ular ko'p hollarda odamlardan tugmachani bosishni talab qilishadi. Aksariyat odamlar bezovtalanishmaydi va shunchaki tirbandlik tugashini kutishadi yoki yo'l bo'ylab yugurishadi. Ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki piyodani urish, piyoda yurish yoki bo'lmaslik sizni mashinani urishdan ko'ra ko'proq muammolarga olib kelishi mumkin.

Vaqt va masofa

Agar orolning narigi tomoniga (Trinidad) borishni rejalashtirsangiz, erta boshlang va ruxsat bering butun kun kech tushga rejalashtirilgan muhim hech narsa bilan. Garchi orol ulkan bo'lmasa-da, biron bir joyga borish siz o'ylagandan ko'ra ko'proq vaqt talab qilishi mumkin. Osiyodan (mahalliy sifatida "chet elda ishlatilgan" deb nomlanuvchi) mashinalar kirib kelishi va iqtisodiyotning tobora rivojlanib borishi bilan ko'proq odamlar o'z avtomobillariga har qachongidan ham ko'proq egalik qilishadi. Shuning uchun tirbandliklar, ayniqsa Ispaniya portiga borishda kamdan-kam uchraydi.

Orollararo transport

Trinidad va Tobago o'rtasida sayohat qilishning ikkita varianti bor - parom va havo yo'li bilan.

Samolyotda sayohat qilish bir kishiga bitta yo'l uchun 300 TT yoki 150 TT dollarga tushadi. Kuniga o'n ikkita reys mavjud. Parvoz vaqti har tomonga taxminan 25 minut. Caribbean Airlines (http://www.caribbean-airlines.com) xizmatni boshqaradi.

Parom xizmatining ikki turi mavjud - tezkor va an'anaviy.

Tez paromda sayohat qilish bir tomonga 50 TT dollarni, qaytish esa 100 TT dollarni tashkil etadi. Kemalar - bu Trinidad va Tobagoning Port ma'muriyatiga tegishli bo'lgan T&T Express va T&T Spirit. Sayohat taxminan 2,75 soatni tashkil qiladi. Ekspres - bu ikki kemaning tezligi, ammo Ruh yangi va yaxshi imkoniyatlarga ega.

An'anaviy paromda sayohat qilish bir tomonga 37,50 TT turadi va qaytish uchun 75 TT dollar, lekin sayohat taxminan 5½ soatni tashkil qiladi. Kemalar - MF Panorama va Warrior Spirit.

Paromda transport vositalarini olib ketish mumkin, ammo bu o'lcham va vaznga qarab farq qiladigan har xil zaryad oladi. Shaxsiy avtomobil uchun qaytish safari $ 350 TT turadi. Bunga haydovchining narxi ham kiradi. Paromda ijaraga olingan mashinada o'tira olmasligingiz ehtimoldan yiroq emas, chunki transport vositalarini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish hujjatlarini ko'rsatish kerak.

Faqat bir kunlik sayohat uchun chiptalarni Ispaniya porti va Skarborodagi parom terminallaridan sotib olish mumkin. Oldindan chiptalar uchun siz ba'zi tanlangan sayyohlik agentliklaridan chiptalarni sotib olishingiz kerak - eng qizg'in paytlarda chiptalar tezda sotiladi, ayniqsa transport vositalari uchun. Paromlar jadvallari va sayyohlik agentliklari uchun qarang Port ma'muriyati veb-sayti.

Qarang

Sohillar

Trinidaddagi mashhur plyajlar - Marakas, Tiriko, 10.783333-61.31 Blanchisseuse  , Las-Kuevas, Toko, Mayaro, Chagvill, Los-Iros va Kvinam. Shimoliy qirg'oqdagi plyajlarning aksariyati chiroyli, chang qum va toza ko'k suv bilan. Los Iros va Quinam yaxshi, ammo Quinamning suvi asosan Janubiy Amerikadagi orinoko daryosidan cho'kindi jinsi tufayli jigarrang bo'lishi mumkin. Garchi Marakas va Tiriko bir-biridan unchalik uzoq bo'lmasalar-da, siz plyaj bo'ylab bir-biringizga yurolmaysiz.

Tobago plyajlari nihoyatda chiroyli. Tobagodagi mashhur sayohlarni jalb qilish

• 11.15-60.8172 Kabutar nuqtasi. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018)
• 11.283333-60.6833333 Inglizlar ko'rfazi. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018)
• Do'kon Bay
• MT Irvine
• Bucco, Grange
• Kano ko'rfazida

Bucco Reef va neylon hovuz

Buccoo rifi - Tobagoning shimoliy qirg'og'idagi tabiiy mercan rifi. Shisha Bottom Boat turlarini Pigeon Point va Store Bay-dan olish mumkin. The 11.1724-60.83934 Neylon hovuz.   rif tepasida sayoz suv maydoni. Suv tiniq va baliq tutqichi neylonga o'xshaydi, shuning uchun ham shunday nomlangan. Shisha pastki qayiq safari sizni u erga olib boradi va cho'milishga imkon beradi.

Caroni qushlar qo'riqxonasi

Joylashgan 10.591389-61.4552785 Caroni botqog'i. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018), bu qushlarni kuzatuvchilar uchun zarurdir. Qushlar qo'riqxonasidagi qushlarning bir nechta mahalliy turlari, shu jumladan milliy qushlardan biri - Scarlet Ibis (Evdokimus rubari). Sayohatlar, odatda, qorong'i vaqtda, Scarlet Ibis botqog'iga qaytib, qaytib kelish paytida sodir bo'ladi. Qalin kiyimlarni (jinsi shimlar va ko'ylagi / kozok) kiyganingiz ma'qul, chunki qushlar qo'riqxonasidagi chivinlar ayniqsa vahshiy va eng qalin kiyimni tishlab olishga qodir.

Divali va Divali Nagar

Hindlarning "Divali" chiroqlari festivali Trinidadning aksariyat hududlarida va Tobagoning bir nechta hududlarida nishonlanadi. Har yili oktyabr-noyabr oylarida bir kecha davomida uylarning ichki va tashqi tomonlarida va jamoat joylarida deya deb nomlangan kichik moyli lampalar yonib turadi. Bundan tashqari, Divali Nagar deb nomlangan bayram va festival mavjud bo'lib, u erda hind qo'shiqlari, raqslari, o'yinlari va boshqa madaniy narsalar namoyish etilmoqda. Divali Nagar bu erda bo'lib o'tadi 10.5349729-61.41144866 Divali Nagar sayti. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018) Trinidadning Chaguanas shahrida. Ko'plab korporativ homiylar o'zlarining stendlarini o'rnatdilar, hattoki roti kabi hind taomlarini sotib olish mumkin bo'lgan ochiq havoda hind restoranlari mavjud. Divali - Trinidad va Tobagoda rasmiy bayram.

Imperator Valley Valley hayvonot bog'i (Ispaniya porti) va Botanika bog'lari

The 10.674204-61.5187467 Imperator Valley hayvonot bog'i. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018), Trinidad va Tobagodagi yagona hayvonot bog'ida turli xil tropik turlar, jumladan sherlar, yo'lbarslar, maymunlar, qushlar va baliqlar mavjud. Bu poytaxt Ispaniya portida. Botanika bog'lari ko'plab o'simlik turlarini o'z ichiga oladi va hayvonot bog'i yonida, Prezident uyiga yaqin joylashgan.

Fort-Jorj (Tobago)

Tobago shahridagi Fort-Jorj Tobagoning mustamlaka tarixi va okeanning go'zal manzaralari haqida tasavvur beradi.

Echki poygalari (Tobago)

Pasxada seshanba kuni Tobagodagi echki poygasi 1925 yildan boshlangan an'ana. Ajablanarlisi shundaki, u egalari, otxonalari va murabbiylari bo'lgan ot poygasiga o'xshashliklarga ega.

TTPBA buyuk poyga

Avgust oyi davomida (asosan avgust oyining ikkinchi yoki oxirgi dam olish kunlari) har yili Trinidaddan Tobagoga kuch kemalari poygasi bo'lib o'tadi. Ajoyib poyga.[1]. U Trinidadning Chaguaramas shahridagi 1-Pierdan boshlanadi va Tobagodagi Store Bay-da tugaydi. Qayiqlarda jonli ravishda poyga ko'rishni ko'rish uchun joylar mavjud (masalan, Marakas ko'rfazi). Qayiqlar odatda Shimoliy G'arbiy yarim orol atrofida sayohat qilishadi, so'ng shimoliy qirg'oq bo'ylab Tobagoga asalarichilik chizig'ini olib kelishadi. Birinchi marraga kiruvchilar odatda bir soat ichida tugashadi.

La Brea Pitch ko'li

The 10.2325-61.6280568 La Brea Pitch ko'li. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018) dunyodagi eng katta tabiiy asfalt suv ombori. Shu bilan birga, asfaltni tijorat qazish ishlari ancha sekinlashdi, chunki yo'l qurish uchun boshqa tejamkor materiallar mavjud. Tinch ko'l endi birinchi navbatda sayyohlik markaziga aylandi. Ko'pchilik uning suvida cho'milish uchun borishadi, tarkibida oltingugurt bor, ba'zilari shifobaxsh xususiyatlarga ega.

Mathura plyajidagi charm toshbaqalar

Leatherback dengiz toshbaqalari (Dermochelys coriacea) Trinidadning Matura plyajida ko'rish mumkin. Pasxa atrofida har yili toshbaqalar Trinidadga qaytib, tuxum qo'yadilar. Ekskursiyalarni tabiatni muhofaza qilish guruhlaridan olish mumkin. Ko'ngillilar uchun imkoniyatlar ham mavjud. Kaplumbağalar yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan turlar ekan, toshbaqalarni yoki tuxumlarni o'ldirish noqonuniy hisoblanadi, shuning uchun toshbaqalarni bezovta qilmaslik uchun ehtiyotkorlik va ehtiyotkorlik zarur.

Tobago merosi festivali

Har yili iyulning so'nggi haftasida va avgustning birinchi haftasida Tobago merosi festivali bo'lib o'tadi. Bu ikki haftalik Tobagoniya raqsi, musiqasi, hikoyalari, madaniyati va taomlari namoyishi. Bu Tobagoning qadimgi an'analariga bag'ishlangan asar va orolning turmush tarziga xos ko'rinishdir.

Trinidadning shimoliy qirg'og'i (Toko / Matelot / Grand Riviere)

Trinidadning shimoliy qirg'og'i chiroyli va asosan buzilmagan. Bu erda juda ko'p tabiiy plyajlar va rivojlanmagan joylar mavjud. Orolning shimoliy-sharqiy qismida Toko qishlog'i joylashgan. Shimoliy-sharqiy savdo shamollari tom ma'noda kuniga 24 soat esadi va plyajda dam olish juda tasalli berishi mumkin.

Qil

Lentengacha bo'lgan karnaval

Karnaval. Har yili o'tkaziladigan festival Trinidad va Tobagoda eng taniqli narsalardan biri bo'lib, bu davrda ko'plab chiroyli raqslar va ko'plab bayramlar mavjud. Har yili yakshanba, dushanba va seshanba kunlari Ash chorshanba va Ro'za mavsumidan oldin, minglab kostyumlar "Erdagi eng buyuk shou" deb nomlangan yillik ko'cha bayramida ko'chalarda parad qilishadi. Ularga po'lat lentalardan musiqa qo'shiladi, katta yuk mashinalarida olib boriladigan katta karnaylarda kalypso va soka musiqalari yangraydi. Ikki kunlik karnavalni nishonlash marosimida boshqa tadbirlar mavjud, shu jumladan Calypso chodirlari (yopiq kalipso kontsertlari), "Panorama" po'lat tarmoqli tanlovi, Soca monarxi, Chutney Soca monarxi va "fetes" deb nomlangan ochiq partiyalar. Karnaval dushanba va seshanba kunlari rasmiy bayramlar emas, lekin ko'plab korxonalar va barcha maktablar baribir o'sha ikki kunga yopiladi. Karnaval afrikalik qullar tomonidan qabul qilingan frantsuz an'analaridan kelib chiqadi.
Karnaval - bu "Ko'rish" va "Do" mashqlari. Faqatgina yo'lning chetida turib, guruhlarning paradini tomosha qilish yoki aslida ishtirok etish va "mas o'ynash" mumkin. Ko'plab sayyohlar Karnaval guruhlarida qatnashadilar. Oldindan bron qilish shart, chunki bo'shliqlar tezda to'ldiriladi. Formaga kelish ham juda zarur, chunki ko'plab kostyumlar juda ozg'in. Aslida ba'zi mahalliy aholining jismoniy tayyorgarlik maqsadlari Karnaval atrofida joylashgan. (yangilangan oktyabr 2018)

Kecha hayoti

Trinidad va Tobagoda, ayniqsa Chaguaramas mintaqasida, masalan, Pier 1, Anchorage, Base va MoBS2 kabi bir nechta tungi klublar mavjud. Ispaniyaning Port shahridagi Club Zen va 51 Degrees Lounge va La Romaine-dagi Sting tungi klublari, shuningdek La Romaine-da Space la Nouba va Prive kabi juda mashhur tungi klublar. Biroq, jinoyatchilik bilan bog'liq vaziyat tufayli ehtiyotkorlik tavsiya etiladi va o'zingiz emas, balki guruh bilan bo'lganingiz ma'qul.

Golf

Trinidad va Tobago bo'ylab bir nechta golf maydonlarida golf o'ynash mumkin. Ba'zi kurslar 9 teshikdan, boshqalari 18 teshikdan iborat. Ikki mashhur golf maydonchasi - Sent-Endryus golf maydonchasi [2] Maravalda (Ispaniya portidan tashqarida) va Mt. Tobagodagi Irvin golf maydonchasi.

Gapir

Ingliz tili rasmiy tildir. So'zlar ingliz imlosi bilan yozilgan (masalan, rang, dastur, shinalar). Inglizcha kreol (garchi uni mahalliy aholi shu nom bilan tilga olmasa ham) mahalliy aholi o'rtasida norasmiy muloqot uchun juda tez-tez ishlatiladi. Bu asosan og'zaki til bo'lib, kamdan-kam hollarda yoziladi (va keyin yozma ravishda) ad-lib). "Cote Ci Cote La" Trinidad lug'atini mamlakatdagi ko'plab kitob do'konlaridan birida topish mumkin va bu Trinidad va Tobagodagi ta'tilingizni eslab qolish uchun ajoyib yodgorlikdir. Bu erda amerikalik ingliz tilidan tubdan farq qiluvchi ma'nolarga ega bo'lgan ko'plab so'zlardan bittasiga misol keltirilgan:

ohak ; do'stlaringiz bilan omma oldida yurish degan ma'noni anglatadi

Shuningdek, vaqti-vaqti bilan hind, frantsuz (asosan kreol yoki patoy), ispan va xitoy tillari eshitiladi. Ba'zida siz faqat chet tilida gaplashadigan mamlakatda bo'lishingiz mumkin. Biroq, deyarli hamma standart (ingliz) ingliz tilini bilganligi sababli, so'rashga hojat yo'q. Albatta, agar kimdir to'satdan standart ingliz tilida gapira boshlasa - e'tibor bering. Ular siz bilan yaxshi gaplashayotgan bo'lishi mumkin!

Sotib oling

Pul

Trinidad va Tobago dollari uchun valyuta kurslari 2020 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra: $ 1 ≈ TT $ 6.8 € 1 ≈ TT $ 7,6 Buyuk Britaniya £ 1 ≈ TT $ 8.9 Kanada $ 1 ≈ TT $ 5.2 Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com

Valyuta Trinidad va Tobago dollari, belgilangan "TT $"(ISO valyuta kodi: TTD), "TT" nomi bilan ham tanilgan (talaffuz qilinadi) teetee). AQSh dollari ham keng tan olingan.

Visa va MasterCards ko'plab do'konlarda qabul qilinadi. American Express, Diners 'Club, Discover, JCB va boshqalar faqat bir nechta yuqori darajadagi joylarda qabul qilinadi. Cirrus va Plus tarmoqlaridan foydalangan holda ATM (ABM) kartalari mahalliy bankomatlarda ishlaydi va sizning uy valyutangizga o'tkazilgan TT dollar bilan pul yechish imkoniyatini beradi. Bankomatdan chiqish paytida valyuta kursi naqd pul almashtirishdan biroz yaxshiroqdir. Savdo markazlari kabi bir nechta joylarda AQSh dollarini tarqatadigan bankomatlar ham mavjud. Trinidad va Tobago bankomatlarining ko'pchiligi to'rt raqamdan uzun PIN-kodlarni qabul qilmaydi. Sayohat qilishdan oldin uni to'rtta raqamga o'zgartirishni o'ylab ko'ring. Respublika banki bankomatlari (Moviy mashinalar) olti xonali PIN-kodlarni qabul qiladi.

Tips

Tips odat emas edi, lekin odatiy holga aylandi. Ba'zi restoranlar, ayniqsa mehmonxonalardagi yoki chet ellik sayyohlarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan restoranlardan maslahat kutiladi. Ko'pchilik buni qilmaydi. Faqat aeroport taksilari maslahat kutishadi. Mahalliy taksilar yo'q.

Xarid qilish

Do'konlar va do'konlarda narxlar odatda ko'rsatiladi va xaridorga ko'ra o'zgarmaydi. Biroq, ochiq havoda sotuvchilar yana bir voqea: ular chet ellik uchun mahalliynikiga qaraganda boshqacha va yuqori narxni talab qilishlari mumkin. Ba'zilar hatto AQSh dollarida to'lovni taklif qilishadi yoki talab qilishadi. Haggging qilishga urinib ko'rishingiz mumkin, yoki shunchaki jilmayib, unga bardosh berishingiz mumkin.

Zarur buyumlar va nolga teng bo'lgan ba'zi boshqa narsalar bundan mustasno, aksariyat mahsulotlar qo'shimcha qiymat solig'ini (QQS) 15% miqdorida jalb qiladi. Soliq sotish paytida soliq yig'iladi.

Og'irliklar va o'lchovlar

Og'irliklar va o'lchovlar rasmiy ravishda metrikada, ammo imperatorlik (inglizcha) birliklaridan hali ham foydalanish odatiy hol emas. Garchi boshqa birliklarning aksariyati bir xil bo'lsa-da, imperator galoni kattaroq AQSh gallonidan 4,546 L da atigi 3,785 L ga teng.

Yemoq

Turli xil fonlari tufayli Trinidad va Tobago ajoyib va ​​xilma-xil oziq-ovqat imkoniyatlariga ega. Xususan, hind ildizlari dunyodagi har qanday mamlakatning eng yaxshi ovqatlarini qo'shdi. Agar siz juda issiq va achchiq ovqatlarga toqat qilolmasangiz, albatta oshpaz yoki ofitsiantga bu haqda xabar bering.

T&T davomida mashhur bo'lganlar mazali rotis, Hanna yormasi (nohut kori), odatda go'sht va boshqa narsalar (shu jumladan, yashil loviya, oshqovoq va mango) bilan to'ldirilgan. Trinidadda pita yoki naanga o'xshash bir necha turdagi roti turlari mavjud; dhalpouri, u maydalangan sarg'ish bo'lingan no'xat bilan to'ldiriladi; va ipak teksturaga ega bo'lgan yumshoqroq non, yumshoqroq non. Sada roti va "choka" - har xil turdagi sabzavotlarning arzon nonushtalari taxminan 3-4 TT evaziga mavjud. Ammo eng tezkor snack - bu "dubl". Mashhur joylardan biri - "Jorj Dublz" - bu Vudbrukda har doim mashhur "Bruklin Bar" dan tashqarida joylashgan. Doubles is curried chick peas enclosed in two pieces of fried bread, and served with your choice of condiments. It is a roadside snack, available everywhere at about TT$2-$4. "Ali's Doubles" is a chain that sells doubles. There are a few locations around Trinidad, mostly in San Fernando. Eat hot.

Phoulourie is another popular roadside snack. Phoulourie are small balls, made of fried ground chick peas and flour. It and other popular snack foods like roast corn, cow heel soup, aloo pies (fried potato pies) and saheena (spinach dipped in batter and fried), are often available from street vendors, especially around the Savannah.

Trinidad and Tobago is also famous for its mouth watering callaloo – a soup made from green leafy vegetables, similar to spinach or kale, sometimes with crab or pigtail added (vegetarians beware!). Callalloo is not the most appetizing of foods to look at, but it is certainly worth a try.

Another must try in T&T is the famous Bake and Shark or Shark 'n Bake. Most easily obtained along the north coast near Maracas Bay, pieces of shark are deep fried, served in cut fried bread called "fried bake", and accompanied by various sauces, most popular of which is a puree of shadow beni (a herb similar to cilantro.)

Another popular food traditionally associated with beach limes is pelau, usually accompanied with coleslaw. Pelau, is not, however, available for purchase at the beach, although you may be able to find it in a creole restaurant.

If you have a sweet tooth, there are many local sweets and candies to sample like Toolum, Tambran Ball, Guava Cheese, Sugar Cake, Paw Paw Ball, Benna Ball, Jub Jub, Kurma, Barfi, Ladoo, Peera. Many of these will be available on the "lookout" on the way to Maracas Beach, and prepackaged in some supermarkets.

A few American-style fast food chains are available including KFC, Subway, Pizza Hut and Burger King. There are also a few franchised eat-in restaurants such as TGI Friday's and Ruby Tuesday. There are a few local chains such as Royal Castle (chicken and chips), and Chicken Unlimited. These local fried chicken chains have a different taste from American or European fried chicken chains. Pizza Boys and Mario's are two popular local Pizza chains. The pizza is quite different from American or Italian pizza.

Chinese food is available in many places from Chinese takeout stores. It is Cantonese style but the spices are uniquely Trinidadian.

Barbecued chicken is another popular Trinbagonian dish. It is similar to American barbecue, but with local spices. There are roadside barbecue stands that sell a box of barbecued chicken (quarter) with fries, salad and garlic bread. One popular place is The Barbecue Hut which is an open air tent where patrons will buy barbecue to sit down and eat or take away. It is on the South Trunk Road in La Romaine, South Trinidad close to the Gulf City mall. Be aware that it is run by Muslims therefore no alcohol is allowed on the compound.

The condiments available in Trinbagonian restaurants are ketchup, plain mustard, garlic sauce, shadon-beni sauce (a cilantro-like herb), hot pepper and many more depending on location. Soy sauce is available in Chinese restaurants, along with an extremely hot Chinese style pepper sauce. If taking hot pepper as a condiment, be warned! It is extremely hot! You may see locals putting a lot of pepper on their food, but remember they have been eating it for years so they are accustomed to it. It is best to try a little and if you feel comfortable add more. If in doubt, avoid it. Salt and black pepper are generally not available as in American restaurants.

Local bakeries sell pastries such as beef and chicken pies and currant rolls. They also sell hops bread which are rolls made with white or whole wheat flour. Hops bread is best eaten hot and can be enjoyed with cheese or butter for a quick snack.

Grocery shopping

Grocery stores sell a wide variety of packaged goods and produce. However, for really fresh produce, one can go to the market. Towns usually have a market day (or days) where sellers, usually local farmers, will bring their produce to sell. The Government publishes prices for produce, however one may be able to bargain to get a better price. Again, while weights and measures are officially in Metric, most sellers use imperial units.

Halal food is readily available most food outlets usually have signs. Fast food outlets such as KFC and McDonald's also serve halal food. Many supermarkets also carry a wide range of halal fresh and processed meats as well.

Ichish

Non-alcoholic

The most refreshing drink on a hot sunny day is a large glass of a very cold delicious Mauby, a beverage made with the bark of the mauby tree and spices, such as anise and cinnamon. It is very refreshing and cooling, but may be an acquired taste, since it has a bitter aftertaste.

Cold soft jelly coconut water -- available along the roadsides -- costs about TT$3-4. And do try all the many varied local fruit juices, readily available chilled in most groceries.

Sorrel is a popular drink available during Christmas time. It is made from the boiled flowers of the Roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa) plant. It is red in colour and best enjoyed cold. It also has nutritious benefits.

Soft drinks are sweetened with cane sugar, rather than high fructose corn syrup as is the common practice in North America. This gives soft drinks a different taste, which some argue is better.

Malta is a popular drink, made from malt and hops and available from local bars, restaurants and supermarkets. It is high calorie and full of b vitamins, and best enjoyed ice cold.

Alcoholic drinks

Rum

Being a former sugar cane colony, Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its rum. Popular brands of rum are Black Label and Vat 19 by Fernandes and White Oak, Old Oak by Angostura. Some bars will allow you to buy individual rum drinks either straight with or without a chaser, or mixed. Some bars will allow you to purchase a whole bottle of rum, or a "half" which is equivalent to half a bottle. Some bars will sell a "nip" which is less than half. One can also purchase bottles of rum in stores and at duty free stores at the airport to carry home. Puncheon rum is a stronger type of rum (no less than 75% alcohol). It is not quite like moonshine but definitely stronger than regular rum. In fact it may not be legal to take it back with you. However it is legal in Trinidad and Tobago and is available from many local bars.

Beer

Beer is available and quite popular. The two most popular brands of beer are Carib and Stag, which are brewed locally. Additionally, some imported beer such as Miller is available. Other malt liquor drinks are available, brewed locally, such as Smirnoff Ice, and various stouts (Mackeson, Guinness Export, etc.) There are no microbreweries in Trinidad, and beer-lovers may find the local beers not to their taste. However, a few bars do import a wider variety of beers. Of particular note is the All Out bar at the Queen's Park Oval cricket ground in Port of Spain (94 Tragarete Road), where you will find a reasonable selection of English ales on draft, sold by the pint.

Wine and other spirits

Wine, vodka, tequila and other spirits are usually imported. There are no wineries in Trinidad and Tobago, as the tropical climate is not conducive to the growing of grapes. Many restaurants will serve a range of imported wines, however, and wine bars, such as More Vino in Woodbrook have opened in the past few years.

Laws related to alcohol

Not surprisingly, drinking alcohol in public is not frowned upon in Trinidad and Tobago. It islegal to drink alcohol in public. Public drunkenness may get you arrested only if you engage in disorderly conduct. Also the legal drinking age is 18 yrs. However, during election day, sale of alcohol is prohibited and must not be overtly displayed.

Uyqu

There are a wide variety of lodging options. There are major hotels such as Crowne Plaza, Hyatt, and the Hilton. There are also smaller guest houses, particularly in Tobago and beach houses at the coasts (especially the East coast). Rates vary. On Trinidad, many cities and towns of limited interest to the typical tourist do not have any official accommodations. Staying with locals may be the only option. However, Trinidad has developed a sporting and cultural infrastructure being multi cultural with different religious denominations and can even boast of having world class facilities for swimming, cycling, football, cricket, netball and the arts. For persons or groups of persons willing to experience or connect with similar groups at competitive rates, guest houses such as The Little Inn and the Miracle Healing cater for these niches.

O'rganing

• University of the West Indies St. Augustine campus
• University of the Southern Caribbean. There is also the
• University of Trinidad and Tobago
• Other smaller colleges offer external degrees and diplomas from foreign institutions such as the University of London and City and Guilds of London.

Be careful where you park. High end hotels like the Nornandie has reported a drastic increase in vehicular break in. One was reported while the secured car park was almost empty and two security guards was on duty.

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Tourist visas do not permit employment. In order to work, one must obtain a work permit for the job and there must be no suitably qualified nationals to fill the job. In addition, to pay taxes, one needs to apply for a BIR file number (used like a social security number) and a PAYE number. One must file tax returns every year if taxes are owed, and pay those taxes.

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Trinidad and Tobago has been known for its increasingly high murder rate although this is associated with isolated areas of the country. The capital Port of Spain, is relatively safe but as with all major cities around the world there are depressed areas which are not safe for tourists. East Port of Spain, areas east of Charlotte Street, become increasingly unsafe and should be avoided as well as Belmont, Morvant and Laventille. The city is known for is vibrant night life with many restaurants, bars, lounges and clubs. It is recommended that you travel with companions at night time and avoid wandering into any side streets. Hotels can provide guidance to assist you. Tobago on the other hand is relatively safe and more tourist friendly.

In previous years crime tended to peak in the Carnival (January-March) and around Christmas (October-December) seasons, but crime activity was year round, but this has now drastically decreased due to the new change in government. But it is still best to exercise some caution at night time, while in Trinidad and Tobago.

For extended stays, register yourself at your country's nearest diplomatic mission. They can provide assistance to their citizens. A listing of diplomatic missions in Trinidad and Tobago is available on the Trinidad and Tobago Government's website.

In an emergency dial 999 from any telephone for the police. Dial 990 for the fire department and 811 for an ambulance. These calls are free of charge from any telephone, including payphones (no coins or cards required). Unlike countries that have reliable police emergency assistance, when dialing "999" in an emergency the police do not always answer the call or show up when assistance is needed.

The islands are in an earthquake zone, though serious quakes are extremely rare.

Stay healthy

The Tobago Tourist Board boasts that "the wildlife in Tobago won't kill you", which is mostly true. The islands do have mosquitoes and isolated cases of dengue fever have been reported. The tap water is generally safe to drink, though many visitors prefer bottled water because the public water often has a strong chlorine taste. Use your best judgement if in an area where homes collect rain water from the roof, but very few problems are reported.

The adult HIV/AIDS prevalence at 3.0% yoki 1 in 33 adults, which is 5 times higher than the USA. The best advice is to use caution and use protection if engaging in sexual activity. Condoms are available from pharmacies to help prevent the spread of AIDS and other STD's.

If you need prescription medication, it is best to bring enough with you for the duration of your trip. There is no guarantee that what you need will be available. American OTC drugs are often available in many pharmacies, however, don't expect everything to be available. They may also be under different names whether American or European market names.

Healthcare

Public healthcare is free to everyone in Trinidad and Tobago and is paid for by the Government and taxpayers. Healthcare services are offered on a walk-in basis. There are a few major hospitals throughout the country as well as smaller health centers and clinics located regionally. These can be found on the Ministry of Health'swebsite. The public health facilities are way below the standard of what can be found in developed countries. Industrial action (strikes and sickouts) by doctors and nurses happen from time to time, and some healthcare facilities are overcrowded and understaffed, with older equipment and medicines. As an alternative there are also private healthcare facilities that offer healthcare services. Prices will vary and can be quite expensive. Private doctors are also available on an appointment basis.

Public ambulance services are available to everyone by dialing 990. This service is operated by the fire department. However these may prove to be unreliable since ambulances are limited and fire stations are often far away. Private ambulance services are available. They are generally more reliable but are not free. In an emergency it may be better to arrange one's own transportation to a healthcare facility.

Respect

It's a good idea to greet a stranger before asking him or her a question. It's a better idea to avoid strangers when not in the company of others. There is no nude or topless bathing anywhere in Trinidad and Tobago.

Many Trinbagonians like to discuss sports. Being a former British colony, these discussions usually centre mostly around cricket and football (soccer).

In Trinidad and Tobago, many of the world's great religions are well represented. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Baha'i are popular. Judaism is not very popular and is practised mostly among expatriates. Atheism and agnosticism are not widespread although many people will hold agnostic beliefs without being openly agnostic.

Although Trinidad has a large Indian Hindu community, there are no taboos that Westerners would have a difficult time getting used to. The cow is not so sacred as to prohibit eating beef or wearing leather although Hindus do not eat beef. (A few ultra-conservative Hindus may take exception to all this, but they are very, very few in number.)

Trinidadians can be extremely friendly and hospitable -- especially with guests who share a common religion with them. Be sure to bring small gifts to show your appreciation, as some visitors who had no intention of visiting or staying with locals end up doing so anyway.

Some homes (including a few guest houses) in rural areas are not connected to any underground water mains. However, they may still have running water from a large, round, black outdoor water tank. If staying in such a place, be sure to conserve water -- especially in the dry season (or year-round if it doesn't collect rainwater from the roof). If the tanks run dry, water trucks for refills may be available. However, even underground piped water may be rationed during the dry season. In short, if you are not staying in a major hotel, ask about the water situation.

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Trinidad's international area code is 868 under the North American Numbering Plan. From the U.S. and Canada, it's no different than calling other states and provinces (1 868), but costs more. Its top level domain is .tt and its ITU callsign prefixes are 9Y va 9Z.

The telecommunications authority

All telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago are now under the authority of the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT). All telecommunications and broadcasting licenses and franchises in Trinidad and Tobago are obtained from and administered by TATT. Complaints about telecommunications service providers can also be made to them.

Landline telephones

Landline telephones are available in larger hotels but may be unavailable in guest rooms of smaller guest houses. The telephone company is Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago, which is jointly owned by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and Cable and Wireless. Local calls incur toll charges, however, calls in the same area code and telephone exchange are billed at a flat rate for the whole call. Hotels, of course, may charge more if you use their telephones. There are calling cafes around the country. For visitors who want to make international calls, it might be a good idea to use calling cafes.

Mobile telephones

Trinidad and Tobago has two active operating mobile telephone carriers - bmobile va Digicel. They both operate under the GSM standard, with bmobile using the 1800MHz frequency band, and Digicel using the 850MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands. There are roaming agreements with GSM carriers such as AT&T (ex Cingular) in the US, however the cost to roam may be prohibitive and calling within Trinidad may incur international toll charges. One can purchase a prepaid SIM card and GSM phone from Digicel or bmobile stores for as little as TT$100 and use that card in an unlocked GSM phone for the duration of their stay. You can also purchase a phone with SIM for that price. CDMA (Verizon) phones will work in Trinidad and Tobago. They will appear to be active due to TSTT's EVDO data only network, but you can make or receive calls on the CDMA network.

Payphones

Pay phones are a hit or miss in Trinidad. Some phones may be vandalized, full and in need of maintenance or simply not working. If you are lucky enough to find a working payphone, you can use either 25 cent coins or calling cards with an 800 number to access them. Some phones also accept phonecards which are pre-paid with a magnetic stripe. Insert the card and make your call. Some phones in hotels and at the airport allow the use of foreign calling cards. Calls to local 800 numbers, 999 and 990 are free.

Internetga ulanish

Internet cafés offer Internet access on public terminals at an hourly rate usually from TT$1 to TT$10.

Dialup access is available from TSTT and other independent ISP's. There are monthly plans and pay as you go access. Pay as you go service is available through the 619-EASY service for TT$0.75 per minute. Roaming with foreign ISP accounts is available through an agreement between TSTT and IPASS, inc.

Broadband internet options in Trinidad are available. Two major companies that provide these serives are TSTT (blink) and FLOW (Columbus Communications.)

Wi-Fi access is available in a few places such as Piarco airport, Movie Towne and select hotels and restaurants. It is free of charge right now but this is subject to change. EVDO and EDGE broadband access are also available, but may require contracts and a service commitment. Some hotels and guest houses provide free high speed internet. Always inquire if you don't see it listed on their web site, as it may have been added recently.

There are other options including fixed wireless, DSL, cable modem (only in a few areas) and satellite but these are generally not available to touriststouristshort term stay.

A good discussion of Trinidad and Tobago WiFi options is available at the TTCSwebsite.

Postal facilities

The postal service is run by the Trinidad and Tobago Postal Corporation, TTPost. Postal rates are available on the TTPost website. Post offices are located close to the center of town in many places with red drop-off boxes in some places. Thanks to restructuring of the postal service, TTPost has become comparable to the postal service in many developed countries and is generally reliable. Additionally, other services such as US visa fee payment, bill payment and the purchase of inter island ferry tickets are available from TTPost.

Two way radio

Amateur radio

Ham radio tourism and DXpeditions are very risky in Trinidad and Tobago, mostly because of the difficulty in importing equipment. Please see the nite about importing equipment below.

The internationally allocated ITU prefixes in Trinidad and Tobago are 9Y and 9Z.

In order to operate an Amateur Radio Station in Trinidad and Tobago, one needs a license. If one's country of citizenship is a signatory to the IARP agreement and one holds a license equivalent to US General class (Novice and US Technician licenses are excluded) in that country, one can simply operate with 9y4/home callsign. For example, if your home callsign is W1ZZZ, you operate using 9Y4/W1ZZZ.

Otherwise one will need to apply for a license at TATT. The following are needed:

• Photo ID and photocopy (passport)
• Original and copy of certificate(s) showing a pass in an amateur radio exam, in English or accompanied by an English translation.
• Original and copy of your home amateur radio license, in English, or accompanied by an English translation.
• Form L-2 from TATT website, filled out and photocopied
• TT$20 application fee and TT$100 license fee

Appear in person at the TATT office at 76 Boundary Road, San Juan, Trinidad to apply. Processing time varies. If you want to have the license arranged in advance, it is better to contact the Trinidad and Tobago Amateur Radio Society TTARS[3]^{[o'lik havola]} and they can assist you. Foreigners will be granted 9Y4/homecall for the duration of their stay.

It is at the discretion of the Technical officer issuing your license, but generally a license equivalent to US General class and above (or its equivalent) gets full privileges including HF. Technician gets privileges above 30MHz only. In some cases they may deny Novice or Technician class amateurs altogether.

Importing equipment

Importing equipment can be painless and easy or it can be a long, drawn out bureaucratic process. The difficulty of importing ham radio equipment has caused many tourists to simply forget about doing any ham radio activities in Trinidad and Tobago. It is best to operate at a local's station if you can.

You will need to have the equipment type approved by TATT. There is a form on their website. Call them in advance. One should also get a receipt showing the value of one's equipment.

When you go through customs and they search your bags, the customs officer will ask about the ham radio equipment if they see it. You should tell them what it is and show them your license. They will tell you that you need to pay a bond equal to the value of the equipment and you will retrieve it before you leave. Otherwise they will probably seize your equipment and there is no guarantee that you'll get it back. Sometimes you'll just get lucky and they'll tell you to walk through. Sometimes they'll let you go with it but charge 20% customs duty. The law says that ham radio equipment is duty free for nationals. It's a gamble. It is best to not have your radio in the original boxes as this will more likely encourage customs officers to charge you a bond or duty.

You should carry as much of your equipment in your carry-on luggage as possible. Incidents of theft from checked luggage, while not very frequent, do happen.

Repeaters and local frequencies

There are a few local repeaters that you can say hello on. Those are:

• 147.930MHz -600kHz 9Y4TT (North)
• 146.940MHz -600kHz 9Y4TT (Central/South)
• 147.760MHz -600kHz 9Y4TT (Tobago)
• 146.100MHz 600kHz 9Y4NG (Central/South)
• 147.705MHz -600kHz 9Y4TTL (North)

In addition 146.520MHz is often monitored as a simplex channel. In the South (San Fernando) 146.550MHz is monitored and there is also an echolink node run by 9Y4NG on that frequency.

The local custom for a general call on the repeater is to say, "QRZ? This is , is anyone on frequency?"

CB

Citizens Band Radio (CB) is not licensed for use in Trinidad and Tobago. However, changes to the laws by the Telecommunications Authority have indicated that CB will be licensed and legal soon in Trinidad. However, the CB prohibition did not stop many locals from purchasing and using CB's. As a tourist you may not be so lucky. It is best to not carry any CB radios into Trinidad. They will most likely be seized by customs.

Personal radio services (FRS, GMRS, MURS, PMR446)

These are not licensed for use in Trinidad and Tobago. The radios may be seized by customs. Best to leave them at home. It is also illegal to use these within the territorial waters of Trinidad and Tobago. This means that if you are on a cruise ship or other vessel docked in TT waters, leave the FRS/GMRS/MURS/PMR446 radios off and do not transmit. Other licensed services use those frequencies and you may interfere with them.

Marine radios

Provided your radios are part of your boat's equipment and licensed by your home country, you should not have any issues bringing these in. Bringing these in other than installed in boats could result in them being seized.

Broadcast radio and TV

Radio

Thanks to the liberalization of the telecommunications market, there are now many radio stations on the FM band. Most of the stations play music, with Indian music and calypso/soca being popular.

TV

There are some local TV stations, the major one being TV6 on Channels 6 and 18. Most of them carry local programming, but TV6 carries American series, sitcoms and soap operas. Some stations are cable only whereas others are low power so they are only available regionally. Gayelle The Channel on Channels 23 and 27 is a 100% local television station that can give visitors to Trinidad and Tobago an interesting and entertaining insight into local life and culture. Other local channels include; NCC 4, Synergy TV, Trinity Television and the Islamic Channel.

Cable television is also available. Most major American networks are available on cable including CBS, NBC and ABC. Cable TV is available at hotels and guest houses.

Satellite TV from DirecTV Latin America is also available, but their offerings are not as good as cable and they tend to feature more Spanish language programming.

Big dish satellite TV is also available.