Istanbul - Istanbul

Istanbul - bir nechta shahar bo'lgan ulkan shahar tuman ma'lum joylar, restoranlar va turar joylar haqida ma'lumotni o'z ichiga olgan maqolalar.

Bosfor bo'yidagi Ortaköy masjidi

Istanbul (Turkcha: Istanbul) hayoliy tarix, madaniyat va go'zallik shahri. Qo'ng'iroq qilindi Vizantiya qadimgi davrlarda shahar nomi o'zgartirilgan Konstantinopol milodiy 324 yilda birinchi xristian Rim imperatori Konstantin tomonidan tiklanganda. "Istambul" nomi, ehtimol hayratlanarli - yunon tilidan kelib chiqqan va "shaharga" buzilishi deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin. Bu atama asrlar davomida keng qo'llanilib kelinayotgan bo'lsa-da, u faqat 20-asrning 20-yillarida Turkiya Respublikasi tashkil topgandan so'ng shaharning rasmiy nomiga aylandi.

In eng gavjum shahar Evropa, Istanbul moliyaviy va madaniy markazini tashkil qiladi kurka va ular orasidagi chegaralarni ishonchli tarzda egallaydi Osiyo va ming yillar davomida bo'lgan Evropa: bu sizning qadimgi xristian olamini, o'rta asr metropolini va zamonaviy O'rta Sharqni aralashtirishingiz natijasidir. Bosforning ikki tomonida joylashgan Istanbul o'z metropoliten mavqeini saqlab qolgan: shahar aholisi 14 milliondan ziyod kishini tashkil qiladi va bu dunyoning eng yirik shaharlaridan biriga aylanadi.

Qadimgi davrlarda "ikkinchi Rim" deb maqtalgan bu shahar siz shubhasiz kerak yurish - madaniyat va hayajon har bir burchak atrofida va sizni 2000 yildan ortiq tarix kutmoqda.

Tumanlar

Istambul tumanlari va munitsipalitetlari tizimi ancha takomillashgan va 2009 yilda o'zgartirilgan. Shaharni taxminiy hududlarga oddiy taqsimoti:

41 ° 3′42 ″ N 28 ° 57′31 ″ E

Istanbul xaritasi

Tushuning

Tarix

Tarixdan avvalgi odamlarning qoldiqlari Kuchukçekmece ko'li yaqinidagi Yarimburgaz g'oridan va Yenikapida metro stantsiyasi qurilishi paytida topilgan bo'lsa, Yunon mustamlakachilari dan MegaraUlarning afsonaviy rahbari Vizas boshqargan, an'anaviy ravishda Istanbulning asoschilari sifatida qabul qilingan. Qadimgi yunon mustamlakasini kengaytirish Vizantiya buyrug'i bilan Rim Imperator Buyuk Konstantin, imperator shahri Konstantinopol qariyb ming yil davomida juda mustahkam kapital edi Sharqiy Rim (keyinchalik Vizantiya deb atalgan) imperiyasi. Shu kungacha Ekumenik Patriarxi, Sharqiy pravoslav cherkovi rahbari hali ham Istanbulda joylashgan Konstantinopol arxiyepiskopi bo'lib qolmoqda. U nihoyat 1453 yil 29 mayda Usmonli Sultoni Mehmed II tomonidan zabt etildi, bu voqea ba'zida O'rta asrlarning oxiri nishonlanishi uchun ishlatilgan. Bu kengaytirilishi kerak bo'lgan harbiy yurishlar uchun asab markazi edi Usmonli imperiyasi keskin. 1500-yillarning o'rtalariga kelib deyarli yarim million aholisi bo'lgan Istanbul yirik madaniy, siyosiy va tijorat markazi bo'lgan. Usmonli hukmronligi mag'lub bo'lguncha davom etdi birinchi jahon urushi Istanbul esa ittifoqchilar tomonidan ishg'ol qilindi. Mustaqillik urushidan keyin 1923 yilda Turkiya Respublikasi tug'ilganida, Kamol Otaturk poytaxtini shaharga ko'chirdi Anqara, strategik jihatdan yangi respublikaning markazida joylashgan. Biroq, Istanbul keskin kengayishda davom etdi; bugungi kunda uning aholisi taxminan 14 million kishini tashkil etadi va yiliga 400 000 muhojirga ko'paymoqda. Turizm rivojlanib borgan sari ham sanoat kengayib bordi. U har ikkala qit'a tutashgan chorrahada o'z tarixini yaratadigan shahar bo'lib qolmoqda.

Yo'nalish

Istanbul shimoldan janubga uchga bo'lingan Bosfor Boğazı (Istanbul Boğazı, "Istanbul bo'g'ozi"), Evropa va Osiyo o'rtasidagi bo'linish chizig'i, daryosi Oltin shox (Xalich) g'arbiy qismi va Marmara dengizi (Marmara Denizi) janubga chegara hosil qiladi. Aksariyat diqqatga sazovor joylar yarim orolidagi eski shaharda joylashgan Sultonahmet, Bosforning g'arbiy qismida Shox va dengiz o'rtasida joylashgan. Shox bo'ylab shimol tomonda joylashgan Galata, Beyoğlu va Taksim, zamonaviy Istanbulning yuragi Kadıköy shaharning nisbatan kam tashrif buyurgan Anadolu tomonidagi yirik tuman. Qora dengiz Istanbulning nisbatan kam rivojlangan shimoliy chegarasini tashkil qiladi.

Iqlim

O'zining stereotiplari, sun'iy ravishda joylashtirilgan palma daraxtlari yoki yo'ldan ozdiradigan turizm risolalari nimani anglatishi mumkinligiga qaramay, Istanbul ba'zi odamlar umid qilgani kabi quyoshli, iliq dam olish maskani emas. Darhaqiqat, Istanbulning Janubiy G'arbiy Frantsiya yoki Tinch okeanining shimoli-g'arbiy qismi bilan O'rta er dengizi yaqinidagi deyarli barcha shaharlarga qaraganda ko'proq o'xshashligi bor, o'rtacha harorat 12-14 ° C atrofida, Nyu-Yorkka qaraganda atigi 1 ° C iliqroq, va Portlend, Oregon yoki Bordo (Frantsiya) bilan bir xil o'rtacha harorat.

Istambulda yilning sovuq oylarida tez-tez yog'ingarchilik bo'ladi, ba'zilari esa qorga o'xshaydi.

Oddiy qilib aytganda, Istanbul ba'zi bir O'rta er dengizi ta'siriga ega bo'lgan okeanik iqlimga ega. Bu degani, yoz juda iliq, asosan quyoshli va salqin va g'ira-shira qishlarga, juda tez-tez yomg'ir yog'adigan va ba'zida qor yog'adigan.

Istanbul, ayniqsa, Sharqiy O'rta er dengizi uchun juda bulutli shahar, taxminan 1700-2300 soat quyosh nurlari bilan, demak osmonlar vaqtning yarmida bulutli bo'ladi. Yil davomida tez-tez uchrab turadigan va yiliga 200 kun davomida Istanbulning ba'zi ichki qismlariga ta'sir qiladigan zich tuman tufayli bulutli havo paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Biroq, Istanbulning urbanizatsiyasi va natijada paydo bo'lgan "shahar issiqlik oroli" sababli, Istanbulning zich joylashgan qirg'oq mintaqalarida tuman tobora kamdan-kam uchraydi va yoz avvalgiga qaraganda ancha quyoshli bo'ladi.

Istambul iqlimining yana bir potentsial ajablantiradigan qismi bu tez-tez yog'adigan yog'ingarchilikdir, chunki shaharda joylashganingizga qarab yog'ingarchilik har xil bo'lsa ham, shaharning o'rtacha yiliga taxminan 150 kun davomida 800 mm atrofida bo'ladi. Bu soyabonlarni foydali qiladi, ayniqsa yoz va kuz oylarida yomg'ir og'irroq bo'ladi. Istanbul London, Parij yoki Berlin kabi Evropaning aksariyat yirik shaharlaridan namroqdir. Biroq, Istanbulda yog'ingarchilikning katta qismi sovuqroq oylarga to'g'ri keladi va eng issiq oylarni quyoshli, o'rtacha quruq ob-havoga qoldiradi.

Batafsil ma'lumotga ega bo'lishdan oldin, shuni anglash kerakki, ulkan hajmi, topografiyasi va dengiz ta'siri tufayli Istanbul juda ko'p mikroiqlimlarni namoyish etadi. Shunday qilib, Istanbulning turli bo'limlari bir vaqtning o'zida har xil ob-havo sharoitlarini boshdan kechirishi mumkin. Shaharda vaqti-vaqti bilan yozgi yomg'ir yog'ishi bunga yorqin misol bo'lishi mumkin. Ushbu yomg'irlar ko'pincha shaharning shimoliga janubga qaraganda ko'proq ta'sir qiladi va shimoliy shimdirilganda janub quruq qolishi mumkin.

Yoz (iyul-avgust)

Yoz odatda ancha iliq, kun davomida o'rtacha 26 ° C va kechasi 17 ° C atrofida. Ob-havo ko'pincha yoqimli bo'lib, Poyraz nomli deyarli doimiy shimoliy-sharqiy shamol bor, bu shaharni ko'p yillar davomida 32-33 ° S dan yuqori haroratni oldini oladi. Shu bilan birga, xuddi shu shamol sharoitlari, shuningdek, Qora dengizdan juda nam havoni keltirib chiqaradi, bu esa juda yumshoq sharoitlarni keltirib chiqaradi, bu esa sezilgan haroratni biroz ko'taradi.

Yoz nisbatan quruq, ammo umuman yomg'irsiz emas, oyiga to'rt-besh kun yomg'ir yog'adi. Shu vaqt ichida yog'adigan yomg'ir kuchli bo'lishi mumkin va bir qator sabablarga ko'ra Istanbul qattiq ob-havoning issiq nuqtasi ekanligi ma'lum, boshqa narsalar qatori O'rta er dengizi uchun yiliga 2-3 marta do'l yog'ishi mumkin. - ta'sirlangan shahar.

Yoz paytida engil kiyim tavsiya etiladi. Yozgi oqshomlar o'rtacha darajadan salqinroq bo'lsa, engil ko'ylagi va / yoki engil kozok foydali bo'lishi mumkin.

Bahor (aprel-iyun) va kuz (sentyabr-noyabr)

Bahor va kuz ikkalasi ham yumshoq, yomg'ir va porlash yaxshi aralashgan. Kech bahor (may oxiri - iyun boshi) va kuzning boshi (sentyabr oxiri - oktyabr boshlari) juda yoqimli va shaharga tashrif buyurish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt. Ushbu davrlarda harorat yoqimli iliq va ob-havo qishga qaraganda kamroq yomg'irli bo'ladi; kechalar salgina sovuqlashishi va yomg'ir yog'ishini albatta inkor etib bo'lmaydi.

Qish (dekabr-mart)

Qish odatda salqin, kunduzi o'rtacha 8 ° C va kechasi 2 ° C atrofida, ammo nisbiy namlikning yuqori darajasi qish havosini biroz achinarli qiladi va shamol sovishi haroratni ancha sovuq his qilishi mumkin. Yumshoq va sovuq davrlar ham bo'lishi mumkin, odatda shamol naqshlari bilan o'zgarib turadi. Lodos deb nomlangan janubi-g'arbiy shamol 12-16 ° C atrofida yuqori haroratga ega bo'lgan nisbatan qulay, ammo yomg'irli kunlarni keltirishi mumkin, shimoliy shamollar kunduzgi haroratni muzlashdan yoki biroz yuqoriroq darajaga etkazadi.

Yilning bu fasli yomg'ir bilan mashhur. Yomg'ir odatda engil, vaqti-vaqti bilan va deyarli sezilmaydigan yomg'ir yog'adi, lekin birdaniga bir hafta yoki undan ko'proq davom etishi mumkin, oyiga o'rtacha uch haftalik yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin. Bunday yomg'irni soyabonsiz osongina boshqarish mumkin (va haqiqatan ham aksariyat aholi aksincha yomg'ir ko'ylagi yoki issiq kiyimni afzal ko'rishadi), ammo agar siz yomg'ir yog'ayotgan paytda soyabonni xohlasangiz, Istanbul ko'chalari to'satdan soyabon sotuvchilar bilan to'ldiriladi. yomg'ir yog'ishi bilanoq. Garchi ular taqdim etadigan soyabonlar biroz pastroq bo'lsa-da, har bir soyabon uchun narx 5 tlni tashkil qiladi va agar siz atrofga biroz nazar tashlasangiz, do'konlarda bu narx uchun ancha yaxshi soyabonlarni topishingiz mumkin.

Dekabr va mart oylari orasida qor tez-tez uchraydi, ammo bu yildan-yilga biroz o'zgarib turadi. Engil qish faqat to'planish izini olishi mumkin, sovuqroq qish esa uch haftagacha qor qoplamini olib kelishi mumkin. Bu erda yana bir e'tiborga loyiq narsa, Istanbulda qorning qanchalik kuchli yog'ishi mumkinligi. Buning sababi shundaki, Istanbulning qor yog'ishi dengiz yoki ko'l effekti qor yog'ishi deb ataladigan hodisadan kelib chiqadi, u erda kuchli qorli yomg'irlar Istanbuldagi sohillarni yomg'ir yog'ayotgan qor yog'diradi. Ushbu hodisalar umuman uzoq davom etmaydi, chunki Istanbuldan sovuq ob-havo tushganda, qor ham davom etadi. Biroq, bir kun ichida 75 sm gacha bo'lgan birikmalar, hatto iliqroq shahar markazida ham qayd etilgan.

Qish paytida issiq kiyim juda zarur, hatto havo harorati haddan tashqari tez-tez uchrab turmasa ham, shamol sovishi aksariyat odamlarni g'amgin his qilishi mumkin.

Chiqinglar

Qarang Turkiya # kiring viza talablari uchun. 2020 yildan boshlab Evropa Ittifoqi, Buyuk Britaniya, MDH va Janubiy Amerikaga tashrif buyuruvchilarning aksariyati vizaga muhtoj emas. Boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlar, shu jumladan Avstraliya, Kanada va AQShdan kelganlar 90 kunlik elektron vizani onlayn ravishda olishlari mumkin.

Samolyotda

• 41.26128.7421 Istanbul aeroporti (IST ^IATA). Istanbulning bosh aeroporti va Turkiyaga kirishning asosiy porti. Arnavutköy shahridan 30 km shimoli-g'arbda, Evropaning Qora dengiz qirg'og'ida. U qisman 2018 yil oktyabrda va to'liq 2019 yil aprelda ochilgan. Turk havo yo'llari va boshqa aviakompaniyalar tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan xalqaro parvozlarning juda keng doirasi va hech bo'lmaganda har kuni Turkiyaning barcha yirik shaharlariga ichki reyslar mavjud. (yangilangan noyabr 2019)

Otaturk aeroporti yo'lovchi reyslari uchun yopiq. Eskirgan yo'l yozuvlari va xaritalaridan va sizni buzish joyiga olib borganimizdan hayratlanishlarini aytib, egri taksichilarga ehtiyot bo'ling va sizni kerakli joyga etkazishingiz uchun to'lovni talab qiling. Shahardan haydashda siz shimol tomonga qarab borishingiz kerak, masalan. D020 yoki O-3 shimolga O-7 ga burilish uchun. Agar siz D100da janubni ushlab tursangiz, u sizni olib ketmoqchi bo'lgan eski joy.

Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen xalqaro aeroporti

• 40.906629.31542 Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen xalqaro aeroporti (SAW ^IATA). (yangilangan noyabr 2019)

Istambulning Osiyo tomonidagi aeroporti shahar markazidan 30 km sharqda joylashgan. Ko'plab mahalliy reyslarga ega, ko'pincha Anadolu Jet (Turkish Airlines kompaniyasining byudjet tarmog'i). Bundan tashqari, Pegasus va boshqa aviakompaniyalar Evropa, Yaqin Sharq, Shimoliy Afrika va G'arbiy Osiyo bo'ylab keng xalqaro parvozlarga ega, ayniqsa yozda bu Turkiya plyaj kurortlari va Shimoliy Kiprga arzon narxlardagi yo'l. Sabiha Gökçendan foydalanadigan aviakompaniyalarning hech biri yangi Istanbul aeroportiga ko'chib o'tishni rejalashtirayotgani haqida e'lon qilmagan: bu ularni olib ketishga etarlicha katta, ammo Istanbulning Osiyo tomoni uchun qulay emas.

SAW-dan ketayotganda ko'p vaqtni rejalashtiring - agar siz yukni tashlab qo'yishingiz kerak bo'lsa yoki rejalashtirilgan jo'nab ketish vaqtidan 2 soat oldin Internetda ro'yxatdan o'tmagan bo'lsangiz, uni juda yaqin qisqartirasiz. Bu katta aeroport bo'lib, yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatishning barcha turlari er usti va havo tomonlari bilan ta'minlangan. Yerdan chiqish zali juda qulay. Agar siz bu erda uzoq vaqt to'xtab tursangiz, LGM CIP Lounge - bu kishi uchun 12 evro miqdorida cheksiz bepul pivo, sharob, alkogolsiz ichimliklar, yengil ovqatlar va atıştırmalıklar bilan yaxshi shartnoma. Chiqish paytida terminalga kirish uchun xavfsizlik tekshiruvi mavjud (ular suyuqliklarni tekshirishadi, lekin musodara qilmaydilar), keyin havo tushishi uchun odatiy tekshiruv o'tkaziladi. Aeroportda bir yarim mehmonxona, shimoldan Kurtköyda 2 km shimolda, keyin yana o'nlab janubda Pendik shahrida (Marmara sohilida YHT stantsiyasi yaqinida) joylashgan.

SAW orqali ulanishni kutish vaqti juda uzoq, ba'zan 12 soat bo'lishi mumkin. Shu tariqa ular barcha yo'lovchilarni davom etayotgan reyslarga yig'moqdalar. Biroq 2019 yilda aeroportda bepul Wi-Fi yo'q edi, shuning uchun vaqtingizni qanday o'tkazishni oldindan rejalashtiring. Ammo, albatta, siz har doim xarid qilish bilan shug'ullanishingiz mumkin, bu aftidan parvozlarni kutish vaqti ba'zan juda ko'p bo'lishining ikkinchi sababi.

U erga / uzoqqa borish:

SAW ni metroga ulash rejalashtirilgan bo'lsa-da, hatto o'rnatiladigan aloqani ko'rsatadigan xaritalar mavjud bo'lsa ham, metro aeroportdan ancha oldin to'xtaydi va metroning so'nggi bekatidan aeroportga yaxshi yoki ishonchli avtobus aloqasi yo'q.

• Poezd - Sabiha Gökçen aeroporti Pendik YHT temir yo'l stantsiyasidan 12 km uzoqlikda, Anqara va Konya tomon sharqqa tezyurar poezdlarga borish uchun 132H taksida yoki avtobusda boring.

Metro hali aeroportga etib bormagan, ammo M4 liniyasi Pendik yaqinidagi Tavşantepaga qadar uzaytirilgan.

• Havayist - Ikkala aeroportda ham ishlaydi. Oldindan to'lanadigan echim mobil dastur orqali mavjud.

• Havabüs - Bu aeroportdan shahar markazidagi Taksimga (50 km, 60-90 min, 18 TL), Osiyodagi transport markazi bo'lgan Yenisahra (50 min, 10 TL) va Sultonahmet eski shahri Eminönü uchun parom vodiysiga Kadikoygacha boradi. (60 min, 14 TL parom 3 TL). Avtobuslar har 30 daqiqada 04:00 dan 01:00 gacha ishlaydi. Avtobusda chiptangizni sotib oling, Istanbulkart haqiqiydir.
• Shahar avtobusi (İETT avtobusi) - Ular eng arzon. Asosiy yo'nalishlar:

1. Kadiköyga E-10 avtobusi (Kurtköy orqali, 24 soat ishlaydi) yoki E-11, 60-90 min., ko'proq tirbandlikda. Sizga ikki zonali chipta kerak, narxi 7 TL.
2. Taksimga va Evropaning boshqa joylariga, E-3 avtobusiga 4. Levent metro stantsiyasiga boring. U 24 soat ishlaydi, 2 soat davom etadi va 10 zonaga uch zonali chipta kerak.
3. Boshqa yo'nalishlar qatoriga Bostanciga E-9, Metrobus Uzunchayirgacha 16S, Pendik va Kartal metrosiga KM-20, Cevizzli platformalariga KM22, Oltuni̇zade va Ümrani̇ye-E-18 va Yangi̇eheḣr orqali 4. Levent metrosiga 122H kiradi.

• Shuttlelar - Shaharning Evropa tomoniga yo'naltirilgan mikroavtobus 4 kishilik 90 evroga tushishi mumkin.
• Taksilar - Taksimga 120 lira atrofida, Kadiköyga esa 90 liraga yaqin turadi.

Poyezdda

1890 yildan beri Evropadan Osiyo chekkasidagi shaharga yo'lovchilarni kutib olgan aniq sharqona Sirkeci stantsiyasi ...

... va 1908 yildan buyon Osiyoning uzoq qismlaridan kelgan ko'plab yo'lovchilar uchun Evropaning birinchi ko'rinishini ta'minlagan aniq Teutonic Haydarpaşa stantsiyasi.

	COVID-19 ma `lumot: YHT poezdlari kuniga ikkitadan, Istanbul, Anqara va Konya o'rtasida qatnovni davom ettirmoqda. Turkiyadagi barcha standart magistral yo'lovchi poezdlari to'xtatildi. Shahar metrosi davom etmoqda, shu jumladan Istanbul.
	(Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil 2-yanvarda yangilangan)

Afsonaviy gullab-yashnagan paytdan boshlab Orient Express, poezdda sayohat qilish Istambulga etib borishning klassik usuli edi. Bu hali ham qiziqarli sayohat, ammo poyezdlar endi o'zlarining klassik terminlariga etib bormaydilar. Evropadan kelganlar shaharning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Halkali shahrida to'xtaydilar, u erda siz markazga etib borish uchun tez-tez shaharlararo Marmaray poezdiga o'tasiz. Sharqdan kelganlar Osiyo tomonidagi Kadiköydagi Sogütluceshmeda to'xtaydi.

Bu shuni anglatadiki, Istanbulda bironta asosiy temir yo'l poezdlari bo'lmagan ikkita yirik terminal stantsiyalari mavjud. 41.015228.97671 Sirkeci Evropa tomoni Marmaray tarmog'ida, shaharlararo va Metro poezdlari yer osti chuqurligida, ammo ko'cha darajasida hech narsa yo'q. 40.996229.01882 Haydarpaşa Osiyoda umuman poezdlar yo'q. Ikkala stantsiyani ham tezda ziyorat qilish arziydi, chunki temir yo'l sayohatining o'tgan davri yodgorliklari. Va ikkalasida ham chiptaxonalar mavjud, ammo Turkiya davlat temir yo'llari veb-saytidan onlayn sotib olish odatda osonroq, TCDD.

Sharqdan poyezdlar

Tezyurar poezdlar (nomi ma'lum YHT: "yuqori tezyurar tren") endi yana bir bor vaqtincha etib, Istanbulning markaziga etib boring 40.99214429.0363863 Söğütlüçeşme ustida Osiyo tomoni, kelajakdagi Haydarpaşa terminaliga yaqin. Bosfor bo'yida kuniga ikki poyezd davom etib, g'arbiy shahar atrofidagi Bakirköyga qo'ng'iroq qiladi va Xalkalida to'xtaydi. Ular hech qaerda to'xtamaydilar Sultonahmet / Eski shahar maydoni va ular Evropa poezdlari bilan bog'lanmaydi; ikkala maqsad uchun tez-tez Marmaray poezdlariga o'tish.

Dan tez-tez YHT xizmatlari mavjud Eskishehir (3 soat) va Anqara (4½ soat) va kuniga uchdan Konya (4½ soat). YHT xizmatlari arzon va juda mashhur, shuning uchun bir necha kun oldin joyni kafolatlash uchun buyurtma bering, garchi qachon bron qilganingizdan qat'iy nazar narx bir xil bo'lib qoladi. Adana uchun Koniyada va Erzurum, Kars va Tatvan uchun Anqarada o'zgarish (bu Eronning Tabriz va Tehron bilan aloqasi bor). Anqaradan Kars orqali Tbilisiga va Bokuga poyezd 2019 yil kuzida yo'lga chiqishi kutilmoqda.

Shaharning sharqiy chekkasida, YHT poezdlari Bostanci, Pendik va Gebzeda ham qo'ng'iroq qilishadi. 40.8829.23044 Pendik, Shahar markazidan 25 km sharqda, Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen aeroportidan (10 km, taksi yoki avtobus) o'tish uchun qulay to'xtash joyi. Agar siz Istanbulga uchib, darhol sharqqa yo'l olmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ushbu yo'nalishni ko'rib chiqing. Pendikning o'zi mehmonxonalar va kafelarga ega bo'lgan kichik shaharcha bo'lib, avtostantsiya va taksi YHT stantsiyasining shimoliy tomonida joylashgan.

2019 yil iyul oyidan beri kecha davomida yo'lovchi xizmati Istanbul va Anqara, deb nomlangan Ankara Express. Kecha kechqurun soat 22:00 da Istanbul Halkali shahridan chiqib ketadigan poyezd, Sog'utlucheshme, Bostanci va Pendik va boshqa to'qqizta oraliq stantsiyalarda yig'ilib, soat 07: 00gacha Anqaraga etib boradi. Qaytish xizmati bir xil vaqtga ega, umuman to'qqiz soat davom etadi va bu erda ham o'rindiqlar, ham shpallar, shuningdek ovqat mashinasi mavjud.

Evropa va Evropa Turkiyasidan kelgan poezdlar

Istambuldan Sofiyaga boradigan poyezdda yotar joylar

Uyqudagi poezd jo'nab ketadi Sofiya tunda soat 21:00 atrofida, Plovdiv, chegaradagi Kapikule orqali yugurish va Edirne, Xalkalida soat 07:40 da tugatiladi. Iyundan sentyabrgacha yana bir shpal Bosphor Express, jo'nab ketadi Buxarest soat 12:40 da, Ruse orqali Kapikule tomon yugurish. Bu erda u Sofiyadan kelgan poyezdga bog'langan va ikkala poezdda yo'lovchilar Halkaliga borishdan oldin chegara protseduralariga chiqishlari kerak. G'arbiy yo'nalish xizmati Xalkalidan soat 21:40 da Sofiyaga soat 09:00 ga, Buxarestga esa ertasi soat 19:00 ga etib boradi. Oktabrdan maygacha Buxarestdan qatnovchi poyezd qatnamaydi, shuning uchun siz xuddi shunday jadval bilan Ruzedan, keyin yana Kapikuladan o'zgarasiz. Budapeshtdan Buxarestga va Belgraddan Sofiyaga boradigan poyezdlar Turkiyaga boradigan poezdlar bilan bog'lanmaydi, shuning uchun sizga bir kechada qolish kerak.

Budapesht-Belgrad liniyasi 2022 yilgacha yopiq muhandislik ishlari uchun. Belgrad-Sofiya poezdlari mumkin ishlayotgani, ammo 2021 yilga tasdiqlanmaganligi sababli, siz mahalliy poezdlarga o'tirib, Nish va Dmitrovgradda o'zgarishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Umuman olganda Buxarest orqali Turkiyaga etib borish yaxshiroqdir.

Xalkali va shahar o'rtasida 2019 yil mart oyida boshlangan Marmaray shaharlararo poyezdidan foydalaning. Bir soat ruxsat bering; poezdlar har 15 daqiqada harakatlanadi va yo'l haqi taxminan 4 TL ni tashkil etadi (va "Atrofga qarang"). Shaharga ertalab poezdlar yo'lovchilar bilan band, kechqurun chiqadigan xizmatlar tinch bo'lishi kerak.

Kapikuladan Edirne orqali Xalkali tomon kuniga bir marta mintaqaviy poyezd ham bor. 2018 yil iyul oyida ushbu poezd Tekirdag' yaqinida relsdan chiqib, 24 kishini o'ldirdi. Baxtsiz hodisa kuchli yomg'irning trassani buzishidan kelib chiqqan. Zarar tezda tiklandi va poyezdlar odatdagidek harakatlana boshladi.

Terminus 41.018828.7675 Xalkali stantsiyasi Istanbulning markazidan 25 km g'arbda joylashgan. Bu erda ozgina imkoniyat mavjud - xususan, shahar markaziga borguningizcha valyutani almashtirish mumkin emas va chiptalarni sotadigan mashinalar faqat turk naqd pulini qabul qiladi.

Yiliga bir marta hashamatli zamonaviy sayohat uchun Venetsiya Simplon Orient Express. Parijdan Xalkali tomon yuguradi. Siz 1930-yillarda qayta tiklangan hashamatli murabbiylarda sayohat qilasiz va birinchi darajali oshxonadan bahramand bo'lasiz. Chiptalar 13 500 evrodan boshlanadi; Kechirasiz, sizning Eurail pasportingiz bu erda yordam bermaydi.

Avtobusda

Turkiyada mamlakat bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun shaharlararo avtobuslarning keng tizimi mavjud. Turkiyaning Evropa va Osiyo qismlariga xizmat ko'rsatadigan shaharlararo avtobuslarning aksariyati Esenler avtovokzalida jo'naydi va to'xtaydi.

Ko'pgina avtobus kompaniyalarining shahar atrofida ofislari va "servis" nomi bilan tanilgan bepul iltifotli mini-avtobuslar shahardan yo'lovchilarni yig'ib, ularni asosiy avtovokzallarga yoki o'zlarining asosiy avtomagistrallari yonidagi o'zlarining mini terminallariga olib borishadi.

Jadvallar uchun obilet va / yoki busbud ko'plab avtobus kompaniyalarining ro'yxati. Ba'zi kompaniyalar birida, ba'zilari esa boshqa veb-saytda joylashgan.

Evropa tomoni

Alibeyköy (Alibeyköy cep otogar)

The 41.087628.94516 Alibeyköy avtostantsiyasi Evropa tomoni uchun ikkinchi darajali markaz bo'lib, Istanbulning tashqi kamariga yaqin Eyüp, Güzeltepe Alibeyköy Cep Otogari shahrida joylashgan. O'zining tartibli va salqin po'lat va shishasimon ko'rinishiga va o'lchamlari Esenlerga qaraganda ancha kichik bo'lishiga qaramay, bu kutilmagan tartibsiz avtovokzal.

Anadoluga avtobuslar va Esenler avtostantsiyasi (bu 20 dan 25 minutgacha) yo'nalishida to'xtaydi.

Yangi ochilgan T5 tramvay liniyasi ushbu avtovokzalni M7 metro liniyasi bilan bog'laydi, u orqali jamoat transporti uchun asosiy markaz bo'lgan Metecus va Metinus yo'nalishidagi Mecidiyeköyga va Eminönü shahriga etib borish mumkin. yo'lovchilar oltin shoxning chiroyli ko'rinishi. Shuttle xizmatlari ham mavjud, ammo yangi tramvay sizni shahar markaziga tez etib borish uchun etarli bo'ladi. Shutllarning yagona muammo shundaki, shutl haydovchilari kamdan-kam hollarda ingliz tilida gapirishadi va yo'lovchilar ba'zida shutlni kutishlariga to'g'ri keladi. marshrutlar Sultonahmetga boring.

Alibeyköy avtovokzali yangi Istanbul aeroportiga ulanadi iETT H-7 shahar avtobusida ishlaydi (cheklangan joy chegarasi bor).

Esenler avtovokzali (Esenler otogar)

Ko'pincha "Otogar" (Avtovokzal) yoki vaqti-vaqti bilan "Bayrampaşa Otogar" ulkan 41.040328.89467 Esenler avtovokzali, Sultonahmetdan 10 km (6 milya) shimoliy g'arbda, Esenler tumani yaqinidagi Bayrampaşa tumanidagi Yavuz Selim xiyobonida №3-da joylashgan. Bu shaharning asosiy avtovokzali (☏ 90 212 658 0505) shaharlararo (shu jumladan Gelibolu) va ko'plab xalqaro yo'nalishlar (masalan, Gretsiya) uchun.

2016 yil 15 iyuldagi abort to'ntarish tashabbusi paytida vafot etganlar xotirasi uchun 15 Temmuz Demokrasi Otogar (15 Temmuz Shehitler Otogar deb ham nomlanadi) deb nomlanganiga qaramay, aksariyat avtobus kompaniyalari Esenler Otogar nomidan foydalanishda davom etmoqda.

168 kassa va darvozalar, do'konlar, restoranlar, mehmonxona, politsiya uchastkasi, poliklinika va masjid bilan Katta Otogar ("katta avtovokzal") - bu o'zi shaharcha, garchi markaziy ma'lumot stoliga ega emas, shuning uchun siz alohida idoralardan boradigan joyingiz uchun narxlar va jadvallarni so'rashingiz kerak bo'ladi.

Unga M1 metro liniyasidagi "Otogar" metro bekati xizmat qiladi. Shahar ichidagi asosiy yo'nalishlarga ulanish quyidagicha:

• Sultonahment: Otogar metro stantsiyasidan siz Aksaroy yoki Zeytinburnu shahriga metro orqali borishingiz va keyin Sultonahmetga (Aksaray orqali taxminan 30 daqiqa) yoki Kabatash / Taksimga osongina tramvay bilan ulanishingiz mumkin. Agar siz juda ko'p yuk bilan sayohat qilsangiz, tramvay o'rtasida Zeytinburnu metrosiga o'tishni ma'qul ko'rishingiz mumkin, chunki bekatlar yonma-yon joylashgan, Yusufposhada esa yukni er osti yo'lining zinapoyasiga ko'tarib ko'tarish kerak. Aksaroy metro bekati. Zeytinburnu orqali borish uzoq davom etadi. Agar metro stantsiyasiga kiraverishdagi mashinalardan Istanbulkart sotib olib, to'ldirsangiz sayohat arzonroq bo'ladi. Avtostantsiya va Sultonahmet o'rtasidagi umumiy narx, agar siz Istanbulkart-dan 2,60 TL (boshlang'ich) 1,85 TL (transfer) = 4,5 TL (kartani sotib olishning boshlang'ich qiymati) yoki ikkita 5 TL Jeton jetonidan (bittasi metro va metro uchun) foydalansangiz. tramvay uchun boshqa). Bir taksi Sultonahmet yoki Taksimga taxminan 55 TL turadi.

• Beyoğlu: M1 Metro liniyasidan Yenikapiga boring, so'ng u erda Hacıosman yo'nalishidagi M2 Metro liniyasiga o'ting va Sishane yoki Taksimga chiqing. Shu bilan bir qatorda, qabul qilish kerak IETT avtobus bekatidan soat 06: 00da jo'nab ketadigan 830 avtobus. Soat soat 07:00, 07:35, 09:00, 11:00, 13:15, 15:55, 17:15 va 18:35, soat 11:00, 13:00, 15:00 va 17 da Yakshanba kunlari: 15. Taksim maydoniga etib borish uchun taxminan 60 daqiqa vaqt ketadi. Yo'l haqini to'lash uchun sizga Jeton yoki Istanbulkart kerak bo'ladi.

• Avtobus aloqalari: Siz Esenler avtovokzaliga 280 Beshiktosh - Terminal, 303B Silivri qamoqxonasi - Terminal, 390 Yeşilpinar - Terminal, 750 Terminal - Mecidiyeköy, 910 Terminal - Eminönü, 500ES Tuzla - Esenler, 760 Cihangir - Avcılar - Terminal yoki 830 orqali etib borishingiz mumkin. Terminal - Taksim avtobuslari. Ga murojaat qiling IETT jadvallar uchun veb-sayt. Esenler yangi Istanbul aeroportidan taxminan 39 km uzoqlikda joylashgan. Ular tomonidan boshqariladigan IST-3 aeroportining avtobus xizmati bilan bog'langan Havoist. Sayohat 60 dan 75 minutgacha davom etadi.

• Iltifotli mini-avtobuslar: Kabi ba'zi avtobus kompaniyalari Pamukkale ishlash servis avtovokzal va shahar atrofidagi turli xil qabul qilish va tushirish punktlari o'rtasida.

Emniyet garaji avtobus bekati

Uluslararasi Emniye Terminali yoki Emniyet Otogar nomi bilan ham tanilgan ushbu avtovokzal shaharning Evropa tomonidagi Fotih tumanidagi Aksaray mahallasidagi Kichik Langa CD-da joylashgan. Albaniya, Armaniston, Ozarbayjon, Bolgariya, Gruziya, Gretsiya, [[Germaniya, Vengriya, Iroq, Eron, Kosovo, Shimoliy Makedoniya, Polsha, Ruminiya.

Salonikiga / Gretsiyaga (Gretsiya): chiptalar narxi taxminan 45 evro (bir tomonga), qaytish uchun 80 evro. Sofiya va Varna shaharlaridan (Bolgariya): ~ 25 evro (bir tomonga). Skopyedan ​​/ Shimoliy Makedoniya): ~ € 40 (bir tomonga)

Ushbu stantsiyadan ishlaydigan kompaniyalar qatoriga Ast Turizm, Aybaki Tur, Golden Turizm, Mahmut Turizm, Mahmudoğlu Turizm, Metro Turizm, Ortadoğu Turizm, Nişikli Turizm, Nugo Turizm, Özlem Turizm, O'znuhoğlu^{[o'lik havola]}, Perla Trans, Star Turizm, Troy Turizm va Vardar Turizm.

Yenikapı stantsiyasidan M1 va M2 metro liniyalari va Marmaray poezd liniyasidan 400 m dan kam masofada joylashgan. Shuningdek, T1 tramvay liniyasidagi Yusufpaşa Istasyonu stantsiyasidan Sultonahmetga va undan tashqariga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun taxminan 500 m masofada joylashgan.

Tomonidan boshqariladigan IST-1Y aeroporti avtobus xizmati Havoist Aksaroy mahallasini yangi Istanbul aeroporti bilan bog'laydi. Avtovokzalga eng yaqin to'xtash joyi G'ozi Mustafo Kamol Pasa ko'chasida 700 m masofada joylashgan.

Osiyo tomoni

Istambulning Esenler avtovokzali va Anadolu yo'nalishlariga boradigan va u erga boradigan avtobuslar yo'lovchilarni qabul qilish va tushirish uchun Istanbulning Osiyo tomonida to'xtaydi, agar siz Istanbul va Anadolu (ya'ni, Osiyo Turkiya) ning Evropa tomoni bo'ylab sayohat qilsangiz, u erga borishni o'ylab ko'ring. yoki Osiyo tomonidagi avtobusdan tashqarida, chunki Bosfor ko'prigidan biriga o'tish va o'tish uchun 1¼ dan 1¾ soatgacha bo'lgan vaqt ketadi va Evropa tomonidagi harakatni bosib o'tib, Esenler avtovokzaliga etib boradi. Keyin Esenler avtovokzalidan Sultonahmet yoki Beyoğluga jamoat transporti orqali borish uchun 35-50 daqiqa vaqt ketadi.

Ko'p yillar davomida Istambulning Osiyo tomonidagi asosiy avtostansiya Haremda (Xah-REHM deb nomlanadi) Boğazın Osiyo qirg'og'ida, Üsküdar janubida va Haydarpashaning shimolida edi.

Haramdan (bu ayollarning kvartali bilan aralashmaslik kerak Topkapi saroyi xuddi shu nom bilan) muntazam avtoulovlar (yuradigan yo'lovchilarni olib ketadigan) paromlar Bosforni kesib o'tib, Evropa tomonidagi Sirkeciga (Eminönünün sharqida). Shuningdek, Kadikoy va Üsküdardan janubga va Haremning shimolidan Evropa tomonida Beshiktosh (Beyoğlu uchun) va Kabatasga doimiy yo'lovchi paromlari mavjud.

Ko'plab avtobus kompaniyalari (ayniqsa, yo'nalishlarning uzun ro'yxatini taklif qiladigan yirikroq kompaniyalar) o'zlarining mini-terminallariga yoki Ummoniya tumanidagi chekka Dudullu mahallasida yoki sharqdan Sancaktepe tumanidagi Samandıra tomon ko'chib ketishdi. Ushbu joylar asosiy Anadolu avtomobil yo'llariga yanada qulayroq kirishni ta'minlaydi. Ular foydalanadilar servis yo'lovchilarni turli joylar (shu jumladan Xarem, Kadiköy va Üsküdar) va ularning mini-terminallari o'rtasida o'tkazish.

Oldindan joyni zaxiraga oling, chunki ba'zi avtobuslar Osiyo tomonga Esenlerdan bo'sh o'rindiqsiz etib kelishadi.

Harem avtostantsiyasi (Harem otogar)

Bosfor bo'yida, 41.009929.01118 Harem avtovokzali Usküdar tumanida joylashgan Harem Otogari No 34, Selimiye, Usküdar Harem Sahil Yo'lidan oqib o'tadi.

Avtovokzal avtoulovlar feribot terminaliga qarama-qarshi bo'lib, Usküdarda yo'lovchilar parom terminaliga qisqa masofada joylashgan. Üsküdarda siz M5 metro liniyasiga va Marmaray poezd liniyasiga ulanishingiz mumkin (keyinchalik Bosfor orqali Sirkeciga boradigan yo'l).

Haremga Saminechtan Sirkeci shahridan, Sultonahmetdan tramvay va Taksimdan tramvay va funikulyor bilan o'tish mumkin bo'lgan parom bilan osonlikcha o'tish mumkin. Parom har 30 daqiqada ishlaydi M-Sa 05: 30-23: 00 va Su 19: 00-22: 00. Istanbulkart bilan sotib olingan yo'lovchilarning narxi 2,60 lirani tashkil etadi, ushbu manzildan foydalanadigan kompaniyalar quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: Ben Turizm, Efe Tur, ES Turizm, Mersin Nur Turizm va Pamukkale.

Haremga mahalliy 12 - Kadiköy - Shile, 13M Sherifali - Üsküdar, 16A Pendik - Üsküdar, 16F Findikli - Üsküdar, 16M Ataşehir - Üsküdar, 16U Uğurmumcu - Üsküdar, 18Y Yenidoğan - Samandira - Üsküdar, 139 Üsküus avtobuslari orqali etib borish mumkin. , 139A Üsküdar - Shile - Ağva, 320A Samandira - Üsküdar.

Ataşehir dudullu mini-terminali

Bu Turgut O'zal Blvning burchagida. va Barbaros Cad. Umraniye tumanida O-2 va O-4 avtomagistrallari tutashgan joy yaqinida. Ataşehir Dudullu'dan, yo'lovchilarni Osiyo chekkalariga, shu jumladan Kadıköy va Üsküdar'a yo'naltiradi. Ataşehir Dudullu va Esenler o'rtasida sayohat qilish uchun 1¾ soat davom etadi. It is approximately 3 km from the Dudullu station on the M5 Metro line. Companies which use this location include:

• Efe Tur,
• Gülen Turizm.
• Nevsehir Seyahat.
• Nilüfer. They operate servises, including a route to Harem and Üsküdar.
• Özkaymak Turizm^{[o'lik havola]}.
• Pamukkale. They operate six servises routes as described on pamukkale.com. The servis bus No.1 operates every 30 minutes (except between 00:30 and 05:30 when it runs hourly) to Kadıköy, Harem and Üsküdar.

Atasehir ferhatpasa mini-Terminal (Ulusoy turizm ataşehir terminali)

This terminal which is used by Ulusoy is located at the corner of Samindira Cad. and 52 Sok in the Ümraniye district near the junction of the O-2 and O-4 motorways. It is approximately 5 km from the Dudullu station on the M5 Metro line.

Samandıra mini-terminal (Samandira tesis)

This terminal used by Metro Turizm is located on the corner of Fabrika Caddesi and Hatıra Sok in the Sancaktepe district. It takes 1¾ to 2 hours to travel between Samandıra and Esenler.

The planned extension of the M5 metro line hasn't reached the suburbs surrounding this mini-terminal.

Ümraniye dudullu mini-terminal

This is used by Kamil Koc and is located on Hüsrev Sokağı in the Ümraniye district near the junction of the O-2 and O-4 motorways. It is approximately 3.3 km from the Altinsehir station on the M5 Metro line. It takes 1¼ to 1¾ hours to travel between this station and Esenler.

Kamil Koc provide free servis to various locations on the Asian side including Harem and Üsküdar. Servis No.9 provides a transfer (which takes 25 to 30 minutes) between the Harem bus station and ferry terminal.

Qayiqda

Maiden's Tower at the southern entrance to the Bosphorus

Lar bor Black Sea ferries several times a week to Chornomorske, the main port for Odessa in Ukraine, taking 27 hours. They run all year and take vehicles; indeed trucking is an important part of their business, as so many travellers nowadays fly. The ferry terminal is at Haydarpaşa, by the old railway station. These ferries used to sail to other Black Sea ports but they no longer do.

There are no other international ferries to Istanbul - see "Get around" for local ferries around the Sea of Marmara. Cruise ships usually dock on the European side, around Karaköy/Galataport, closer to the historic centre. These ships are on cruise itineraries, check with the operator whether a point-to-point journey ending in Istanbul is possible.

Mashinada

Traffic in Istanbul can be manic; expect a stressful drive because you will be cut off and honked at constantly. It seems that half of the cars in Istanbul are parking while the other half is stuck in traffic.

Even if you are on a one-way road, always expect someone coming towards you. The city hosts more than 1½ million cars and there is a strong demand for building of new or alternate highways which of course fill up with traffic as soon as they're built.

If you've arrived in Istanbul by car, and you're not familiar with the streets, it's better to park your car in a safe place and take public transportation to get around.

The city, lying on two different continents and separated by the Bosphorus, is connected by three bridges. Both are toll bridges, and you must pay a fee to cross.

Neither bridge accepts cash: payment must be made by using electronic cards, either by a sticker type (HGS) or via a transponder mounted on the front of the car (OGS).

On weekdays, there are potentially hour-long traffic jams on the highways leading to both bridges, particularly heading west in the mornings and east in the evenings, since most people live on the Anatolian side but work on the European side.

There is a great shortage of parking in Istanbul, and existing lots are quite expensive. You will see many cars parked on the sides of the road, in front of garage doors even.

Street signs are rare. It is a common thing to pull over and ask for directions, something the natives and taxi drivers do quite often.

By thumb

Istanbul is huge, so you'll need public transport between your accommodation and your pick-up/drop-off point. Leaving the city, the best routes are:

• West into Europe: you want to be on main highway E-80. First take bus 448 from Yenibosna metro station (southern line, near Ataturk Airport) north towards Mimarsinan. Get off after about 5 km when you cross the E-80.
• Sharq into Asia: again, you want to reach highway E-80. Probably the closest you can start thumbing is Pendik: reach it by metro as described for the YHT railway station. Then start hitching on D-100 which will join E-80. A local lift as far as Gebze or Izmit will also be close to that highway.

Atrofga boring

Rapid transit map of Istanbul (urban rail and metrobüs systems)

Istanbul's public transit system can be difficult to figure out; the lines connect poorly, maps are rare and you often have to transfer, and pay another fare, to get where you are going. However, if you put some effort into it, you can avoid taxis and not walk too much.

Unless you use the Istanbulkart, each time you use a tram, metro, bus, or boat on the public transport system, you will need to use a ticket or pass. The single use tickets cost 5 TL (Jan 2017) and can be bought at various vending machines at bus, railway and metro stations or authorized ticket/Istanbulkart sellers (usually newspaper kiosks). Ticket fares across buses, trams and metros differ. Only cash in Turkish lira is accepted at ticket kiosks of public transport, no credit cards or foreign currency. The Istanbul subway system does not offer transfer tickets: each change to a new line requires a new fare.

When travelling to Istanbul by air, it is much cheaper (and more fun) to use the bus (or metro system once it is extended) to get as close to your accommodation as possible before walking and/or taking a taxi to where you are staying. Although the public transport may be slightly confusing, taxis/charter buses from the airport are notoriously overpriced.

If public transport is your choice of getting around, consider using smartphone public transportation applications so that you can easily see stops, stations and terminals nearby or see alternate routes for your planned destination. İETT has an official one called Mobiett which is available for iOS, Android yoki Windows. But also Google Maps is very reliable to guide your way using public transport.

Istanbulkart

Istanbulkart

The İstanbulkart is Istanbul's public transport smart card, which can be used as a ticket on buses, trams, suburban trains, metro, local ferries, etc. If you are in Istanbul for more than a day or two and intend to use public transport, it will pay for itself in a few trips. There is a one time unrefundable deposit of 6 TL for the card. Top up can only be bought using notes. Hence, you must purchase the card (10 TL) with 4 TL as its balance. Any credit left on the Istanbulkart is not refundable, so make sure it's empty when you return the card for deposit. It can be purchased at a number of small corner shops throughout the city. But there are recharge machines at most stations (though not necessarily at all entrances), only excepting notes.

You touch the Istanbulkart to a reader when you get on the bus or enter the tram or metro platform. The great advantage for a group of travellers is that you can buy only one and touch it as many times as there are passengers (unlike London's Oyster card, there is no need to touch out). You can buy or refill them at designated booths located at any major bus, tram, or metro station, as well as some other places such as newspaper stands close to bus stops. There are refill machines located at most metro or tram stops and ferry terminals. An Istanbulkart provides significantly discounted rates (a bit over half price for unlinked trips and even cheaper for transfers) compared to regular single tickets, as well as discounts on transfers and short round trips (when used multiple times within a limited period, roughly 1½ hr since the last time you used it). For instance, a trip with Istanbulkart costs ~2.60 TL, while a single ticket is 5.20 TL. The round trip to the airport pays for more than half the cost of this card.

Note, some connections charge 5.20 TL initially because their range is very large, e.g. the Marmaray train but even buses. However, there are refund machines at the exit of stations that serve these long distance connections. In case you only travel a short distance tap your card there, and you will be reimbursed some money. Either way, if you feel like you paid too much, tap or just always tap—you won't get charged twice.

The Istanbulkart is relatively new, and replaces the older Akbil metal touch-token which is deprecated. Though some Kiosks still have Akbil signs rather than Istanbulkart signs - but you can usually buy or top up your Istanbulkart at any kiosk where the Akbil sign is displayed. There is also the so-called "mavi kart" or blue card which is a cheaper option for frequent users of public transport but has some restrictions, can be used by one person whose photo and name are printed on it, it gives 180 trips in bus/tram/metro that have to be used up within a maximum period of 30 days and costs about 200 TL 10 TL for printing the card the first time.

Poyezdda

The Marmaray cross-town train, opened in March 2019, links Halkali mainline station in the west with Bakırköy, Zeytinburnu, Sirkeci and Üsküdar either side of the Bosphorus, and Bostancı, Kartal, Pendik and Gebze to the east; plus many small suburban stations. (Pendik and Gebze are on the YHT main line.) Trains run every 15 min 06:00-23:00 and between city centre and end of the line takes an hour, for a fare of about 4 TL. The central sections are shared with the metro.

Metro orqali

The city Metro has seven lines, of which only the first two are of much use to the visitor:

• Line M1A connects the main coach station (Otogar) to Aksaray, from where you can catch tram T1 to the city centre, and onward to train hub Yenikapı for connections to M2 and Marmaray. There is also a branch line (M1B) which serves the western suburb of Kirazlı. All trains serve the section between Yenikapı and the bus station.
• Line M2 starts from Yenikapı and crosses the Golden Horn, continuing via Şişhane and Taksim Square to Mecidiyeköy and Levent in the business district, and further north to Hacıosman (a major bus hub for suburbs on the north European side, eg Sarıyer).
• Line M3 continues northwest from M1B terminus Kirazlı.
• Line M4 on the Asian side goes from Kadıköy to the suburbs along the Marmara coast to Kartal and Pendik (but 1 km away from Pendik YHT station.) It's planned to extend to Sabiha Gökçen airport in the next few years.
• Line M5 on the Asian Side runs between Üsküdar on the Bosphorus and the outer suburb of Çekmeköy through Ümraniye.
• Line M6 (shuningdek, deyiladi Mini Metro) is a shuttle from the Levent station of M2, and serving the upscale district of Etiler and the main campus of Boğaziçi University in Hisarüstü.
• Line M7 mainly serves the residental areas and connects the densly populated provinces such as Bağcılar and Gaziosmanpaşa(also known as G.O.P.) to the city tech center and one of the major transport hubs, Mecidiyeköy. This line also connects the metro lines M3 and M2 ad well as the metrobüs and the tram lines T4 and T5.

Much of the city is not yet served by the metro (it will be years before the new airport is connected), and the distance between stations is larger than in most European cities. But the metro is fast where it does go and meticulously clean and modern, with much of it dating to the 21st century. Most lines are deep underground and some have entrances amidst busy streets with pedestrian tunnels or bridges the only access, so be prepared to walk quite a bit when going to and from stations. Transfers virtually always require exiting and re-entering the system which means a new full fare (with single use tickets) or a reduced fare for the connection (with Istanbulkart). You do not have to swipe any card on exit for metro or tram routes but you do have to do so for Istanbulkart on Metrobus, else you'll be charged the maximum distance fare.

Istanbul's first underground system dates to the 19th century, when the funicular subway "Tünel" was constructed to operate from Karaköy to Istiklal Street in 1875, travelling 573 m up a steep hill. It's still running and is handy for going from Galata Bridge (Beyoglu side) to the famous Istiklal Caddesi (main street).

Heavy construction on extensions and new lines continues apace, with the gap between the M1 and the M2 plugged with Yenikapı station. You can connect M4 and M5 via Marmaray from Yenikapı station. Unfortunately most network maps already show the yet to be built extensions in a lighter shade which can be confusing for a casual glance and frustrating when contemplating where you might be able to go if only you visited Istanbul a year or two later.

There is also a funicular system connecting Taksim to Kabataş where you can get on ferries and cross to the Anatolian side, and also transfer to trams bound for the old city.

The old plastic tokens are no longer valid: the only way to pay for metro is Istanbulkart or limited-pass cards. The metro stations do emas have a staffed ticket booth, so you must obtain your tickets or top-up your Istanbulkart through ticket machines. To buy limited pass cards, insert coins or notes and then press the button marked onay/okay. A single pass costs 4 TL on any urban rail in Istanbul though an Istanbulkart (see above) may be more cost effective during your trip.

By tram

The modern tramcars of Istanbul

Much used by the travellers as it serves many popular sites and ferries, Istanbul's main tram line (T1) snakes its way along its almost 20-km route for much of the European side between Kabataş, its eastern terminus on the Bosphorus (connected to the M2 metro line by the two-stop F1 funicular) and its western terminus at Bağcılar (connected to the M1B and M3 metro lines), a suburb in the northwest. Among its major stops, from east to west, are Karaköy and Eminönü respectively on the northern and southern banks of the Golden Horn (which is crossed by the Galata Bridge), Sirkeci, Gülhane, Sultanahmet (near most of the historic sites of the old city), Çemberlitaş, Beyazıt, Laleli, Aksaray (10 minutes' walk away from the Yenikapı station of Marmaray), Yusufpaşa (near the Aksaray station of the M1A and M1B metro lines), Topkapı (near the ancient city walls), and Zeytinburnu (another connection to the M1A). West from Topkapı, it reaches far out to the western suburbs, which are rarely, if ever, visited by the average traveller.

The route of the T1 is served by two differently numbered lines: #38 runs along the entire length of the T1 between Kabataş and Bağcılar, while the significantly shorter #47 runs between the Eminönü and Cevizlibağ stations (the latter of which is abbreviated as C.bağ-A.Ö.Y. on the signage of tram cars). However, both lines call at stations that are of most interest to travellers through the Old City. During morning and evening rush hours every alternate tram runs as #47, while during the rest of the day, most run as #38.

Although you may use the same AKBİL/Istanbulkart on the metro and tram, you must pay another fare each time you change lines (on a progressively discounted rate if you use İstanbulkart).

During morning and evening rush hours (roughly between 07:00-09:00 and 17:00-19:30 respectively), tram cars run jam-packed so if you intend to take it for a couple of stations down the way, don't even bother—walking instead is not only less tiresome than standing in what is essentially more crowded than a sardine can, it's also quicker as you will most likely be able to get in the second or even third tram calling at the station due to the crowd.

If you want to get around in the southern coast of the golden horn, or you want to get to the alibeyköy bus station, the T5 line will be your best friend. Although the tram is a tad slow compared to T1, it gives you more time to appreciate the beauty of the golden horn. The touristic towns of Balat and Fener are also easily accessible with this tram. Although this tram doesnt quite reach Eminönü, it terminates near it, at the Unkapanı bridge. Walking from the terminus Cibali to Eminönü takes around 15 minutes. This tram line also connects all of the golden horn ferry stations on the southern side. Since these ferries only come once an hour, if you miss your ferry on one station, instead of waiting an hour you can just take this tram to reach to the other ferry station on the southern side.

There are also another tram line linking the residential and industrial suburbs in the north with the city centre: T4 (which is more like metro-tram systems of northwestern Europe, as it lies underground for part of its route), which heads for Sultançiftliği, connecting to the Topkapı station of the T1 line. However, this line is of very little, if any, use to the average traveller.

Other than the above modern trams, Istanbul has two short, separate heritage tram lines, which are more of attractions than practical transport options. Renovated trams dating back to the 1920s rattle along the İstiklal Street on the European side (T2 or NT), while on the Asian side, a circular system between Kadıköy and the nearby Moda district is served by 1960s streetcars imported from Germany (T3).

Tram lines are run by Metro Istanbul.

Qayiqda

Istanbul liner crossing the Bosphorus

Istanbul Larus at The Princes' Islands (Adalar)

Unique Istanbul liners (large conventional ferry boats), sea-buses (high speed catamarans), or mid-sized private ferries travel between the European and Asian sides of the city. The crossing takes about 20 minutes and costs 3 TL, and gives great views of the Bosphorus. Sometimes the ferry when arriving at a dock can bounce off the pier accidentally, even on calm days. This can cause people to fall over if they are standing up, so it is advisable to remain seated until the ferry has come to an absolute stop.

In Istanbul, liners from any given quay generally take only a certain route, and these quays are signposted ‘X Iskelesi’ (“X Landing stage/pier”). For instance, Eminönü alone has more than 5 landing stages (including the ones used by other ferries apart from liners), so if you should head for, say, Üsküdar, you should take the ferry which departs from ‘Üsküdar Iskelesi’. Replace ‘Üsküdar’ with the destination of your choice.

Istanbul liners travel on the following routes:

• Karaköy–Haydarpaşa–Kadıköy
• Kadıköy–Eminönü
• Üsküdar–Eminönü
• Üsküdar–Karaköy–Eminönü–Eyüpsultan (The Golden Horn Route)
• Kadıköy–Besiktaş
• Kabatas–Uskudar–Harem
• Istinye–Emirgan–Kanlıca–Anadolu Hisarı–Kandilli–Bebek–Arnavutköy–Çengelköy (The Whole Bosphorus Route)
• Anadolu Kavağı–Rumeli Kavağı–Sariyer
• Eminönü–Kavaklar (Special Bosphorus Tour, Recommended For Tourists)
• Sirkeci–Adalar–Yalova–Cınarcık (The Princes' Islands Route)

Furthermore, the sea-buses (deniz otobüsü) follow the same (or more) routes, usually much faster than liners.Returning to Yenikapi from Kadikoy by sea-bus is a fast and convenient way to cross the Bosphorus; at Yenikapi there is a railway station with frequent trains to Sirkeci/Eminönü and the Yenikapi fish restaurant area is close by (or one stop on the train).

Four main private ferry routes for travelling between Asia and Europe sides are:

• Besiktaş–Üsküdar
• Kabataş–Üsküdar (close to tram and funicular system in Kabataş)
• Eminönü–Üsküdar (close to tram in Eminönü)
• Eminönü–Kadıköy (close to tram in Eminönü)

There is also a golden horn boat line, starting from Eyüpsultan and ending in the asian side, Üsküdar, passing through notable touristic places like Balat, Fener, Cibali and Karaköy. Although the trip takes around an hour to complete, the boat ride is quite enjoyable with beautiful scenery of the golden horn. The boats arrive in the stations only once every hour though, if you plan on taking this boat you shold time it well.

All of the ferries, including private ones, can be paid for using the AKBIL/Istanbulkart tizim.

Very useful are the fast ferryboats (travelling at 55 km/h) running from several points, such as the Yenikapi–Yalova one, that allows you (with a connecting bus in Yalova) to be in Bursa centre in less than three hours. Prices are marginally higher and the gain in time is considerable, though the view is not as nice. There are also cheaper BUDO ferry lines from Eminönü to the province of Mudanya in Bursa. From there you can take a bus to the Bursa city centre.

Avtobusda

Public transportation buses are either run or inspected by İETT. Public buses in Istanbul come in many colours and shapes, but the most important thing to keep in mind is that ticket sales on board have completely been phased out, so you will have to obtain one (or an İstanbulkart, which is accepted on all public transport methods) prior to boarding the bus.

Istanbul's heavily used BRT system, locally called Metrobüs, are served by long hybrid buses running on their special lanes along the city's inner beltway, separated from all other traffic and thus saving lots of time in Istanbul's generally congested roads. While an extremely important transport option for the locals, the system covers areas not usually visited by the travellers, between Beylikdüzü in the far western suburbs of the city and Kadıköy on the Asian Side via Bakırköy, Cevizlibağ outside the old city walls near the Topkapı Gate, the business district in Mecidiyeköy, and the Bosphorus Bridge.

Most bus lines operate roughly 06:00-23:59, usually with a reduced volume of services after 22:00. Some lines between major centres operate 24/7 though, as is the Metrobüs, with about an hour intervals. After midnight, buses cost ikkitasi tickets per person rather than the usual one.

Night Time Bus Lines:

A double check from İETT website is strongly recommended.

• TH-1 Taksim - Atatürk Airport (does not operate between 01:00 - 04:00)
• 40 Taksim Square–Rumelifeneri/Garipçe
• E10 Kadikoy–Sabiha Gokcen International Airport
• 15F Kadikoy–Beykoz
• 130 Kadikoy–Tuzla
• 34A Sogutlucesme(Kadikoy)–Edirnekapi (Metrobus)
• 34 Avcilar–Zincirlikuyu (Metrobus)

As a tourist, you are most likely to use the tram and the metro in the Sultanahmet and Taksim area since there are no bus lines operating in the area anymore.

Buses and streetcars tend to be very crowded during rush hours, especially on Mondays and Fridays. That can also create opportunities for pickpockets.

By taxi

Taxis are an easy and cheap way to get around. Start off rate is 4 TL and then 2.5 TL for each km afterwards (Feb 2019). Distances up to 2½ km are subject to a fixed price of 10 TL, after that distance the meters track at the above rates. A one-way travel from Taksim Square to Sultanahmet^{[o'lik havola]} costs approximately 20 TL. Tipping is generally unnecessary. Frequently, drivers will refuse to start the meter and try to negotiate a fixed price (e.g. 80 TL for a short trip from Yenikapı ferry terminal to Sultanahmet, to which should cost less than 20 TL). You should avoid these cabs and take another one as you will almost certainly end up paying too much. To be sure, before getting in, just ask "how much to go to ...?" (most of the drivers understand basic English) since the price they tell then is quite accurate. Tell them then to put the taximeter on. Drivers do normally work with the taximeter, so they will not be surprised at all when you ask them to put it on. The price at the end will be quite close to the one they tell you at the beginning. There is no extra fare at night.

If you have internet connection on your laptop or mobile device, always use Istanbul Taxi Fare Calculator just before taking a taxi from airport, hotel or restaurant. It will help you to easily estimate taxi fare based on pick-up and drop-off locations anywhere in Istanbul, give an outline about the journey and avoid potential taxi scams.

Even when agreeing to take you on the meter, taxis in Istanbul have several dodges to catch the unwary traveller. The meter is often situated right in front of the gear stick and drivers somehow manage to advance the meter while changing gear. Not putting the meter back to the starting rate, i.e. adding your fare to the previous one, is also common. Taxis that wait near a bus station or at Yenikapı ferry terminal are usually a tourist trap. They start the meter but charge you 20 TL at least. Emphasize to the driver that you will pay for the meter price before getting in. Do not buy their quick-sell tricks. Always try to stop a taxi that is passing by on the road or find a legitimate taxi stop.

Insist on going to the destination that you want because some drivers are paid a commission each time they deliver someone to a certain hotel, restaurant, shop, etc.

Istanbul taxis are colored yellow or maroon. The yellow taxis' license plates start with 34 T and maroon ones start with 34 M. Yellow taxis are more common, as the maroon ones work mainly around western suburbs. They can not pick travelers from yellow taxis' region and vice versa.

Be careful of what notes you hand them for payment; some drivers have tried to pretend that the 50 TL note that was handed was just a 5 TL note. Occasionally taxi drivers may actually also rip notes you give them, and tell you it is no good, in order to make you hand them a 50 TL note. So, make sure the notes are not ripped, and is actually the right one before you hand them over. Also, if you are not familiar with the city the taxi driver may drive a detour in order to charge you more.

The major ride-hailing companies are Uber, Bitaksi (the cheapest so far), and iTaksi (the most expensive one, also a lot of people complain about its cheating drivers). You can only access Uber through a VPN on your phone as the app is banned in Turkey. A ride-hailing driver may ask you to cancel the ride and pay in cash instead. It's better to refuse, because even if you verbally agree on a price based on the app, the driver can pretend there was a miscommunication and argue for a higher price.

Traffic can be very bad, it can take an hour for a few kilometers through the old city. You might be better off taking the metro out of the old city and then a taxi from there.

Some important routes with distances and estimated taxi fares are:

• Istanbul New Airport (IST) - Taxim Square ~ 44 km
• Istanbul New Airport (IST) - Sultanahmet Square (Old City) ~ 47 km
• Taxim Square - Sultanahmet (Old City) ~ 5.5 km
• Sabiha Gokcen Airport (SAW) - Kadikoy (Chalcadonia) Ferry Terminal ~ 36 km
• Esenler (Bus Terminal) - Topkapı Palace (Sultanahmet) ~ 10.5 km

By shared taxi

Dolmuş (Turkish: "full") is a shared taxi, travelling on a fixed route, which costs more than a city autobus but less than a normal taxi. They can carry up to 8 passengers and may only take cash. They carry a Dolmuş sign on top. They will only start driving when all eight seats are full, which is also where the name derives from.

The main and most important routes for dolmuşes are :

• Taksim–Eminönü (Taksim stop, near the Atatürk Cultural Centre, in Taksim square)
• Taksim–Kadıköy
• Taksim–Bostanci
• Taksim–Aksaray (Taksim stop, Tarlabasi Avenue, close to Taksim square)
• Kadıköy–Bostanci (Bostanci stop, in front of the Bostanci ferry port)
• Taksim–Tesvikiye (Taksim stop, in front of Patisserie Gezi, in Taksim square)
• Beşiktaş–Nisantasi (Beşiktaş stop, in front of the Beşiktaş - Üsküdar ferry port)
• Kadıköy–Üsküdar (Üsküdar stop, Near the Üsküdar - Beşiktaş and Üsküdar - Kabataş ferry port)

If you want the driver to make a stop, you can say İnecek var. (EE-neh-djek war! -- Someone's getting out.) or Müsait bir yerde. (mU-sa-EEt bir yer-deh. -- At a convenient spot.)

By bicycle

İsbike docked bikes are very cheap to rent.

However, if the İsbike smartphone app, website and machines do not accept your foreign credit card you may not be able to rent the bikes without first obtaining the personalized mavi (blue) İstanbulkart described above.

Alternatively if you have a Turkish friend they may be willing to accept the deposit on their card, as it is only 50TL blocked for a few days per bike as of 2019.

Although the smartphone app is in English as well as Turkish it can sometimes be confusing for tourists. For example it only tells you the number of empty docking slots for each station: so presumably locals know the total number of slots and thus whether enough bikes are available before going to their starting docking station.

Qarang

Hagia Sofia

Sultan Ahmet Mosque at dusk

Basilica cistern, built by the Romans

Museum Pass

The Turkish government offers a museum pass for many sights and museums, and key spots on Sultanahmet, for 325 TL. The pass can be bought at the entrance of every museum listed below or onlayn. Check out what is included, and buy it if it makes sense for you. Numerous sights can still be seen for free and the biggest joy is propably just walking around and sucking in the atmosphere.

The non-transferable pass allows one free entry to each of these museums:

• Topkapı Palace and Harem
• Hagia Irene
• Istanbul Archaeological Museums
• Istanbul Mosaic Museum
• Museum for the History of Science and Technology in Islam
• Museum of Turkey and Islamic Arts
• Galata Mevlevi House Museum
• Yildiz Palace
• Rumeli Hisar Museum

In addition to saving money when visiting these sites, the card allows you to skip the queue for tickets and go straight to the gates at all sites. Most museums in Istanbul are closed on Mondays or Wednesdays, so checking the website first or ringing is a sensible option before setting off.

Alternatively, you can consider buying the much more expensive Istanbul Tourist Pass, 2-day passcosts €95, 3-day pass €115, 5-day pass €135, 7-day pass €145 (April 2019). It includes entrance to all of the above museums, a couple of boat tours, three days mobile internet, and even a one-way discounted Istanbul airport transfer (€20). However, it consistently receives negative reviews due to bad organisation and intermittent problems with accessing some of its included services.

Sights

With its long history at the centre of empires, Istanbul offers a wealth of historic and religious places to take in. The bulk of these ancient monuments, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods, including the Hagia Sophia (a mosque, free of charge) Topkapı Palace, Sultanahmet Mosque (Blue Mosque, free of charge), and Basilica Cistern are around Sultanahmet Square, while some others are dispersed throughout the peninsula of old city, such as the former Church of the Holy Saviour in Chora (Kariye Camii, Chora Mosque, free of charge), the entire inside of which is covered by mindblowing frescoes and mosaics. An impressive section of mostly intact Theodosian walls, which mark the full length of western boundary of the peninsula, is right next to this particular church.

North of the peninsula of the old city, across the Golden Horn, is Galata, crowned by the Galata Tower. Istanbul Modern, with its exhibitions of contemporary Turkish art, is on the nearby waterfront of Karaköy. Another sight of the district, just north of the Tower, is the museum converted from the Dervish Hall of the Sufi Mevlevi order, which those interested in the teachings of Rumi will want to take a peek at. Further north is the Istiklal Avenue, Istanbul's prominent pedestrian street running from near Galata Tower to Taksim Square, the central square of whole city.

Heading west rather than north from the old city brings you deeper into the banks of the Golden Horn estuary. A neighbourhood perhaps well worth a visit here is Eyüpsultan, to visit the city’s holiest Islamic shrine and, with all the religious people wandering around the narrow cobblestone streets with their turbans and what not, just to see what the daily life in Ottoman Istanbul might be like. On the opposite shores of the Horn, in Sütlüce is the Miniaturk, the first miniature park in the city, with models from around the former Ottoman Empire.

North of Taksim Square is New Istanbul, main business district of the city. If venturing out to this direction, don't forget to check out Military Museum, where Ottoman military music concerts (Mehter) are held every afternoon. Most of the skyscrapers of the city are located in the north of this district, around Levent and Maslak, with a totally different skyline from that of the old city. However southern reaches of the very same district has some fine neo-classical va Art Nouveau buildings from the turn of the 20th century, around the neighbourhoods of Osmanbey, Kurtuluş, and Nişantaşı. Just east from here, with a little drop in elevation as you approach the shore, is the banks of Bosphorus, that is lined by pleasant neighbourhoods full of waterfront mansions (yalı) and a number of waterside palaces where you can admire what money could buy in times gone by.

Across the Bosphorus to east is Asian Side, centred around the historical districts of Kadıköy and Üsküdar, and perhaps best symbolized by Maiden’s Tower, located at about the halfway between these districts, on an islet just off the shore. Bosphorus and Marmara coasts of this half of the city is characterized by quite picturesque neighbourhoods, overlooked by Çamlıca Hill, one of the highest hills of the city which also has a view of much of the rest of the city, with a café and a pleasant park on its summit.

Southeast of the city, off the southern coast of Asian Side are the Princes' Islands, an archipelago of nine car-free islands, characterized by stunning wooden mansions va pine groves.

Tulips

Long ignored for their bad connotation with the Tulip era of 1700s, a period of ostentation and costly parties conducted by state elite amidst large gardens full of tulips (and also when the first bulbs were introduced to the Netherlands from Istanbul, by the way), which was later accused of economic destruction and the eventual dissolution of Ottoman Empire, tulips have regained much of their former popularity in the last decade and now serve as some sort of symbol of both Istanbul and the whole Turkey. They bloom from late March to early May (best bet is early to mid April) and while they can be seen on many avenues of the city wherever there is enough space for planting at the sides and the central strip of the road, if you are after admiring and/or photographing large patches of tulips with relatively exotic varieties, head to Sultanahmet Park and Gülhane Park in Sultanahmet; Emirgan Park near the northern Bosphorus neighbourhood of Emirgan; or Çamlıca Hill in Asian Side.

Qil

• Hamam – Sultanahmet has many historical hamams. Some are very extravagant and cater mainly to tourists.
• Waterpipe – Most of the places where you can smoke a nargile are in Yeniçeriler Caddesi, near the Kapalı Çarşı (Grand Bazaar). Çorlulu Ali Paşa and Koca Sinan Paşa Türbesi are both in secluded internal courts, just around the corner from some tomb yards, while Rumeli Kahvesi is actually inside the cemetery of an old medrese, though it’s not as spooky as you might think. In the south of Sultanahmet, near the sea, is Yeni Marmara (Çayıroğlu Sokak), where you can also sit in the terrace and enjoy the view. In Beyoğlu, at the Ortakahve (Büyükparmakkapı), there’s even the choice of a wide range of flavors. Another area with few big good looking places is the Rıhtım Caddesi, between Galata bridge and Istanbul Modern Museum.

Walking tours

Museums and such: Haghia Sophia, then on to the Topkapı museum (these two should take at least three to five hours), preferably along the road in the back of the Haghia Sophia, where there are some nicely restored houses. Then on to the Blue Mosque and the square with the obelisks on it (At Meydani). Along its side is the very good Museum of Islam Art. Descend slightly and find the small Haghia Sophia with its nice garden (it was under restoration, but you probably can get in). Then uphill to the Sokollu Mehmet mosque complex, top notch tiles inside.

Take a tram or walk to Eminönü (where the boats leave for trips to Asia or up the Bosphorus). Visit the New Mosque at the back, then the Egyptian Bazaar next to it, and going further in that direction, locate the Rüstem Pasha mosque with its excellent tiles. It's on a raised platform near an old clothes market, you may have to ask directions. Then take a cab or find a bus to Eyüpsultan mosque complex, a mile or three up the Golden Horn. Visit this Eyüpsultan complex at your leisure (the mosque is not particular, the court is, and the milling of believers, with many boys-to-be-circumcised among it; a Friday might be a good day to do this). Then, if you have the stamina, it might be nice to walk back too; maybe all the way (8 km or so), but taking a route along part of the city wall to first the famous Kariye Church with its mosaics, then on to Selimiye Mosque with its great view on the Golden Horn (and a fine mosque by itself), then the Fatih Mosque (passing through some very religious and lively neighborhoods), then on to the well-restored Sehzade mosque, and next to Süleymaniye (don't forget to enjoy the view from the Golden Horn side). If you have some energy left, you might go on to the University complex, and by then you are very close to the Beyazit mosque. Ushbu yaxshi, g'ayrioddiy (chiroyli hovli bo'lsa ham) masjid orqasida kitob bozori (u kichik) joylashgan.

Yana Eminönüga boring, lekin bu safar qayiqda (o'sha katta paromlar) Üsküdarga boring. Siz oldingisidan, o'ng tarafdan 400 m uzoqlikda joylashgan yana bir masjid oldiga, yo'l aylanasining orqasida bir oz ichkariga, uchinchisi esa dengiz oldida juda kichik joyga etib borasiz. Ichki bozorga cho'zilgan bozorni ko'ring, piyoda yuring va qirg'oq bo'ylab yurishni unutmang, ehtimol uning bo'ylab tebranadigan qayiqlardan birida baliq ovqatini iste'mol qiling. Kunning ikkinchi yarmida, kechqurun shahardan qochib ketish uchun bu yaxshi tashrif. Sizga "shaharchadan" uyga ketayotgan minglab odamlar qo'shilishadi, ammo orqaga qaytish deyarli bo'sh turgan paromda bo'ladi. Feribotlarning tezligi kechqurun pasayadi, shuning uchun ulanishning orqada ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling.

Temir yo'l stantsiyasiga borib, Sirkeci-Halkali shahar atrofi poezdini toping va (xotiradan, Yedikule stantsiyasidan) chiqing. Siz chiroyli qal'a bo'lgan Yedikulega juda yaqin bo'lasiz va shahar devorlarini yaxshi ko'rasiz. Poyezdlar har 15 daqiqada yoki undan ko'proq masofada jo'nab ketishadi, yurish o'ziga xosdir (material yomon, lekin agar omad har ikkinchi soniyada bo'lsa, boshqa sotuvchi kirib, o'z mollarini sotishga harakat qiladi). Safar yigirma daqiqadan yarim soatgacha davom etadi. Bu "kerak" emas, lekin bu juda qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin.

Bularning barchasida yopiq bozorni sog'inib qolgan bo'lasiz. Buning sababi shundaki, siz u erga qanday qilib bo'lmasin borasiz. Agar siz Beyazit va kitob bozoriga boradigan bo'lsangiz, siz uning deyarli ikkita kirish joyida bo'lasiz. Boshqa tomondan Nuruosmaniye masjidi va uning majmuasini topib ko'ring, bunga arziydi. Va yopiq qismni o'rganib chiqqandan so'ng, Eminönünün umumiy yo'nalishi bo'ylab pastga tushing va u erda "yopiq bozor" bo'ling. Shimoliy tomonda ba'zi narsalarni ko'rish uchun Galata ko'prigidan o'ting (masalan, tepalikning ko'p qismida "tünel" teleferikni minib o'ting (Galata ko'prigining qarama-qarshi tomoniga kirish, atrofdan so'rang)), keyin Taksimga boring. Do'konlar xalqaro xilma-xillikka ega.

Teodosian devorlari yurish

Shahar devorlarining tiklangan qismi Belgradkapı Darvoza, Marmara sohiliga yaqin

Milodiy 408 yildan boshlab Konstantinning asl devorlari Teodosius davrida almashtirildi. Keyinchalik bu devorlar Sharqiy Rim imperiyasi poytaxti va ularning Usmonli vorislarini himoya qilishning muhim nuqtasiga aylandi. Ular g'arbiy chegarasini belgilab, hali ham deyarli butunligicha qolmoqda Eski shahar yarimoroli, ba'zi bo'limlari 1990-yillarning boshlarida bir oz yoqimsiz tiklanishdan aziyat chekmoqda. Topkapi darvozasi atrofidagi qismga (umuman boshqa joyda joylashgan Topkapi saroyi bilan aralashmaslik kerak) devorlardan 300 m sharqda joylashgan Pazartekke tramvay stantsiyasidan bemalol o'tish mumkin. Ba'zi masofadan boshqarish bo'limlari juda xavfsiz bo'lmasligi mumkin va ehtiyotkorlik talab qilinishi mumkin.

Shahar devorining qolgan qismlarida va bo'ylab 7 km yurish qadimiylik oynasini ochib beradi va Turkiyaning dahshatli tarixiy yodgorlik merosiga urg'u beradi. Istanbulga tashrif buyurishdan oldin devorlarning ilmiy tarixiy va texnik tavsifini yuklab oling va chop eting; bu, albatta, zavq bag'ishlaydi. Eminönü'nden Oltin shox Ayvansaroyga parom. Ushbu parom terminali Bosfor Galata ko'prigiga ulashgan va sharqdagi terminallar. Galata ko'prigi yerosti o'tish yo'li bilan g'arbga, so'ngra avtovokzal orqali piyodalar yo'liga, kichik terminal binosiga boring. Narxlari 1,50 TL. Paromni Ayvansaroyda qoldiring va bog'ni katta yo'lning narigi tomonidagi devorga o'ting. Siz tashqi devor yoki ichki devor bo'ylab yurishni tanlashingiz mumkin, ammo jangovar qismlarning yuqori qismiga kirish odatda ichki tomondan etarli, shuning uchun yo'lning narigi tomonidagi kichik ko'chaga chiqing, keyin devor va minoralar orqasida kesib o'ting. Bu erda siz buzilmagan g'isht va tosh ustida tiklanmagan devorning ushbu qismiga ko'tarilishingiz va kerak bo'lganda bir necha yuz metr balandlikda ko'tarilishingiz mumkin. Bu yo'l aniq yakunlanadi va ko'chaga qisqa yo'l bilan qaytish mumkin. Ba'zan devorga yopishgan uylar va tijorat korxonalari, ba'zida avtobus bazasi, axlatxonalar yoki ko'pincha shunchaki yo'l bor. Ushbu devorlar miloddan avvalgi 408 yilda Konstantinning avvalgi devorlarini almashtirdilar, shundan so'ng ular doimiy ravishda yangilanib turdilar va zilzila shikastlanishini tiklashdi. Asrlar davomida amalga oshirilgan turli xil ishlarning barchasi har xil uslub va sifatga ega edi. Shunisi ajablanarliki shundaki, hali ham tor eshiklardan foydalanadigan bir qator kichik ko'chalar mavjud. Hoca Çakır CD-da devorning tiklangan qismiga to'g'ri keladi, u erda balandliklarga zinapoyalar (Hoca Chakir Caddesi va Kariye Bostani Sokak tutashgan joy), ba'zilari esa tik turlicha devorning yuqori qismida joylashgan. 1980-yillardagi ushbu tiklash asl nusxaga ziddir. Keyinchalik devor Fevzi Paşa Cd ko'chasi uchun buziladi. Buni kesib o'ting va devor orqasidagi ko'cha bo'ylab davom eting. Devorga kirish joyi va atrofga yaxshi qarashga imkon beradigan oyoq yostiqchalari va tanaffuslarini qidiring. Adnan Menderes Blv (norasmiy va keng tanilgan) uchun devor yana buzildi Vatan Caddesi). O'tmishda bu erda tashqi xandaq bilan ikki tomonlama himoya chizig'ini aniq ko'rish mumkin. Keyingi qoidabuzarlik Turgut O'zal CD (norasmiy va keng tanilgan) Millet Caddesi) bug'i tugaganlar uchun Sultonahmetga qaytib boradigan tramvay liniyasida joylashgan. Endi devorlarning tashqi tomonida yurib, tashqi devorning turli tanaffuslari singan tosh ishlari yoki undan keyin buzilib ketgan zamonaviy zinapoyalar orqali kirish imkoniyatini beradi. Devorlar orasida Istanbuldagi qo'pol uxlayotganlar sonining shubhali dalillari mavjud. Devorlar oralig'ida turing, chunki yaqinda siz Mevlanakapı CD darvozasida yana bir nopok tiklash loyihasiga etib borasiz. Darvoza minoralariga kirish eshik oldida yopilgan, shuning uchun kirish faqat devorlardan. Bu erdan devorlarning tashqi tomoniga qarab borish yaxshiroqdir, chunki bozor bog'lari xandaqni egallaydi va shahar tomoni binolarni qamrab oladi. Ushbu bir necha kilometr vaqt va devorlarning zilzilasi haqida ko'proq ma'lumot beradi. Nihoyat siz Oltin darvozaga etib borasiz va Yedikule qal'asi Marmara dengizining old qismida joylashgan va Vizantiyaning zafarli nuqtasi bo'lgan. Bu nafaqat Usmonlilar uni takomillashtirib, keyin XIX asrga qadar ishlatganliklari uchun juda yaxshi holatda. Kirish narxi bor va u erda hojatxona mavjud. Baland devorlar va minoralarga hamma kirish mumkin, bitta minorada hamon ichki taxta pollar bor. Shunday qilib, siz Vizantiya va Sharqiy Rim imperiyasini Rim qulaganidan keyin o'sha yillar davomida xavfsizligini ta'minlaydigan, faqat IV salibchilar va Usmonlilar tomonidan buzilgan himoya devorlarini o'rganib chiqdingiz. Ularning kelajagi haqida nima deyish mumkin? Yaqinda o'tkazilgan restavratsiya ishlari olimlarning shubhali ekanligi sababli, ularni tark etish yaxshiroq deb o'ylashlari mumkin. Endi asosiy darvoza tashqarisidagi qishloq maydonidan Eminönü avtobusida (№80) shaharga qayting, shunchaki u erda kuting yoki Sirkeciga boradigan temir yo'l liniyasigacha Sedeculi shahriga 300 metr masofada piyoda yuring, ikkalasi ham Sultonahmetga yaqin markazlarga qarab boring. .

Klassik Bosfor kruizi

Tungi ko'rinish 15 iyul shahidlari Ko'prik

Galata ko'prigining darhol sharqidagi terminaldan shimoliy kirish qismida Anadolu Kavagi tomon katta parom sayohati boshlanadi. Bosfor uchun Qora dengiz turli xil to'xtash joylari orqali. Narx 25 TL. Ketish vaqti erta va juda mashhur, shuning uchun erta keling va navbatda turing. Ochiq plyajlar juda mashhur, shuning uchun siz tashqi o'rindiqqa ega bo'lmasangiz, sizning atrofingizdagi odamlar ko'rinishni toraytiradi deb kutmang. Parom Anadolu Kavagida bir necha soat kutib turadi, shunda siz ko'plab restoranlar va ularning spruikerlari bilan to'qnashasiz. Avval Yoros Kalesiga piyoda boring, u Qora dengizga kirishni nazorat qiluvchi va nazorat qiluvchi strategik qal'adir. Bu muhim mudofaa qo'mondonligi ko'rinishida ko'p yillar davomida kurash olib borilgan va oxirgi marta 19-asrda ishlatilgan. U jiddiy xarobaga aylandi, ammo tosh ishlarida xristian gravyuralari hali ham ko'rinib turibdi. Haqiqatan ham qal'a atrofida restoranlar mavjud va tabiiy ravishda ajoyib manzaralar mavjud. Tushlik qilish uchun qishloqqa qaytish uchun ko'p vaqt qoldi. Eminonuga qaytib kelguncha tushdan keyin, ammo kun yaxshi o'tdi. Bosfor kruizining arzonroq va tezroq alternativasi - qisqa muddatli kruizda 10-TL sayohat.

Futbol assotsiatsiyasi

Istanbulda Turkiya futbol assotsiatsiyasining eng yuqori pog'onasi bo'lgan "Süper Lig" da beshta klub o'ynaydi: "Beshiktosh", "Fenerbaxche", "Galatasaroy", "Boshakshehir" va "Qosimpaşa". Dastlabki uchlik doimo yuqori darajalarda bo'lgan va xalqaro obro'ga ega. Ushbu tomonlar o'rtasidagi o'yinlar partizanlarni sotadigan olomon oldida o'ynaladi; chiptalarni olish uchun oldindan bron qilish kerak. Atmosfera mehmonlar jamoalariga nihoyatda dushman bo'lgani uchun, tomoshabinlar o'yindan keyin jamoaning ranglarini kiyishdan saqlanishlari va olomonning bezovtalanishidan saqlanishlari kerak.

Beshiktosh JK 41903 kishilik stadion bo'lgan Vodafone Parkda o'ynaydi. Bosforning Evropadagi qirg'og'ida, Taksim metro stantsiyasidan 1 km sharqda, Dolmabahche saroyi yonida joylashgan.

"Fenerbaxche SK" 47 834 o'rinli Shukrü Saracoğlu stadionida o'ynaydi Ülker stadioni). Bu Boshoqning Osiyo qirg'og'ida, Kadıköy metro stantsiyasidan 1 km sharqda va parom karyolasida.

Galatasaray SK, Evropaning Istanbulning shimoliy chekkasida joylashgan 52,332 o'rinli Turk Telekom stadionida o'ynaydi, Seyrantepaga metrogacha boradi.

Başakşehir FK 17.319 o'rinli Fatih Terim stadionida o'ynaydi. Bu shaharning shimoli-g'arbiy qismida, Metrokent stantsiyasidan 1 km shimolda, M3 yo'nalishida uzoq yo'l.

Kasımpaşa SK, Oltin Hornning shimolidagi Beyoğlu tumanidagi 14234 o'rinli Recep Tayyip Erdo'g'an stadionida o'ynaydi. Bu nom yaqinda o'sgan va yoshligida futbol o'ynagan Turkiyaning amaldagi prezidenti uchun berilgan.

Turkiya milliy stadioni Otaturk Olimpiya Stadioni (Otaturk Olimpiyat Stadi) shaharning g'arbiy chekkasida joylashgan 76000 kishilik arenadan yoki "Olimpiyat" yoki "Olimpiyat Parki" metro stantsiyasidan foydalaning. Unda rezidentlar jamoasi yo'q, lekin o'z stadioni mavjud bo'lmaganda, bir nechta klublar bu erda sehr-jodu qilishgan. Yugurish yo'lakchasini olib tashlash orqali uni 92 mingtagacha kengaytirish rejalashtirilgan, ammo bu uning Olimpiya istiqbollarini tugatadi.

O'rganing

Istanbulga tashrif buyurgan yoki u erda yashovchi ko'plab chet elliklar til maktabida rasmiy ravishda turk tilini o'rganishga qaror qilishadi.

Istanbuldagi eng katta va eng obro'li turk tili maktablari:

• ITI Istanbul 4. Leventda.
• Dilmer Gümüşsuyu shahrida.
• Iladil Fotihda.
• Tömer, Anqara universiteti.
• Til tushunchasi Etilerda.
• Bog'azichi universiteti. Yoz davomida barcha darajalar uchun intensiv turk tili kursini olib boradi.

Boğaziçi universiteti ham Bilgi universiteti yaxshi tashkil etilgan Chet elda o'qing chet elliklar uchun ingliz tilidagi dasturlar.

TEFL: Istanbulda yashovchi ko'plab chet elliklar o'zlarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydilar ingliz tilini o'qitish. Yaxshi o'qituvchi ishini topish, odatda quyida keltirilgan sertifikatlar singari taniqli sertifikat bilan osonroq bo'ladi:

• ITI Istanbul 4. Levent yil davomida Kembrij Universitetining CELTA va DELTA kurslarini boshqaradi

Usmonli turkchasi

Agar siz allaqachon turkcha gapirsangiz, Usmonli turkchasi o'rganish ham qiziq bo'lishi mumkin. Usmonli turkchasi Usmonli imperiyasi davrida gaplashadigan turkiy tilning odobli shakli bo'lgan va hozirgi turk tilidan farq qiladi. Usmonli turkcha so'zlarning taxminan 80% boshqa tillardan, asosan arab, fors va frantsuz tillaridan olingan so'zlar edi. Usmonli imperiyasining qulashi va Turkiya Respublikasi tashkil etilgandan so'ng til islohotlari amalga oshirildi, shu jumladan Turk Dil Kurumu (Turk tili assotsiatsiyasi), bu turk tilining rasmiy tartibga solish organi. Lingvistik purizm falsafasiga ega bo'lgan ushbu uyushma turkiy tilni qarz so'zlaridan tozalashga va ularni ko'proq turkiy alternativalar bilan almashtirishga qaror qildi. Shunday qilib, zamonaviy turkiy so'zlarning atigi 14 foizigina chetdan kelib chiqqan.

Usmonli turkchasi Turkiyaning Usmonli o'tmishi haqida ma'lumot olishning kalitidir. Usmonli turkchasi bilan nafaqat tarixiy arxivlarni, balki Usmonli adabiyoti va Usmoniylar davriga oid xatlarni ham o'qiy olasiz. Istanbulda siz Usmonli turkchasini quyidagi joylardan o'rganishingiz mumkin:

• Ismek [212 531 01 41| 90 212 531 01 41] Iskenderpaşa Mahallesi, Ahmediye Caddesi, Hoji Solih Afandi Sokak, 6 Fotih.
• Tarix Vakfi [212 522 02 02| 90 212 522 02 02] Zindankapı Değirmen Sokak, 15 Eminönü.

Ish

Istanbuldagi ESOL / EFL o'qituvchilariga har doim malakali va kam darajada malakasiz o'qituvchilarga talab katta. Ko'p o'qituvchilar xususiy o'quv kompaniyalari bilan ishlaydi. Boshqalar esa frilans asosida shartnoma tuzadilar.

Istanbul Turkiyaning moliyaviy poytaxti hisoblanadi. Barcha yirik investitsiya banklari, tijorat banklari, yirik xorijiy chakana savdo va iste'mol kompaniyalarining Istanbulda vakolatxonalari mavjud. So'nggi o'n yil ichida biznes tumani ko'p qavatli binolar va biznes markazlari bilan shug'ullanmoqda.

Sotib oling

Respublika kuni davomida Kapital bozor

Pul

Evro va AQSh dollari sayyohlar tez-tez tashrif buyuradigan joylarda qabul qilinadi. Ayasofya kabi ba'zi sayyohlik joylari faqat liralarni qabul qiladi. Valyuta birjalari (döviz burosu) va banklar Istanbulda juda ko'p va hech qanday komissiya olinmasdan juda raqobatbardosh valyuta kurslarini taklif qilishadi. Agar siz Istanbulga tashrif buyurmoqchi bo'lsangiz, qattiq valyutani olib keling va kelganingizdan so'ng (aeroportda emas!), Yaxshisi bankda yoki valyuta birjasida almashtiring. Aeroportdagi valyuta kurslari dahshatli, faqat shaharda siz sotib olish-sotish taxminan 1-2% gacha bo'lgan ajoyib narxlarga ega bo'lasiz. Ammo boshqa barcha asosiy valyutalar bundan mustasno, ammo kurslar u qadar yaxshi emas. Chiqishdan oldin qoldiq lirani to'g'ridan-to'g'ri almashtiring, ko'plab xorijiy mamlakatlarda ulardan mos keladigan tezlikda qutulish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin.

Xarid qilish

Sharq va g'arbni bir-biriga bog'lab turish, asosiy savdo yo'nalishlarini boshqarish irodasi birinchi navbatda Istanbulga asos solinishiga sabab bo'ldi, shuning uchun xaridlar sizning Istanbul tajribangizda unutilmasligi kerak.

Do'konlar yakshanba kunlari yopiq bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'pgina yirik savdo markazlarida odatda kirish joyidan oldin aeroportlar va muzeylarda ko'riladigan xavfsizlik punktlari mavjud.

Nima

Shaharda sotib olish uchun mashhur bo'lgan ba'zi narsalar:

• Turk lazzati, yoki Lokum (mahalliy aholi shunday deyishadi) - Siz Turkiyada bo'lganingiz uchun yaxshi xarid. Uni oldindan qadoqlangan qutilarga emas, balki yangi sotib olish va chet elda mavjud bo'lgan stereotipik atirgul suvi yoki limon lazzatlariga emas, balki turli xil lazzatlarga ega bo'lish tavsiya etiladi. Ayniqsa, pista juda yaxshi. Istanbulda lokum sotib olish uchun eng yaxshi joy bu do'kon. Istiqlol Caddesi, xususan, lokum va helva kabi turk shirinliklarini kilogramm bilan sotadigan bir qator do'konlarga ega. Kapalak bozorda "Turk lazzati" ni sotadigan do'konlarning soni juda oz, garchi siz yaxshi narxlarni bilishga qodir bo'lmasangiz, boshqa joylarda topish mumkin.
• Turk choyi (choy, choy) - Turkiyaning sharqiy Qora dengiz qirg'og'ining tik va ravshan tog 'yon bag'irlarida o'sgan barglardan tayyorlangan Turkiyaning milliy ichimliklari. An'anaga ko'ra turkiy choy samovar uslubida pishiriladi, kichikroq idish juda kuchli choy qaynoq suvning kattaroq idishiga o'tiradi. Kichkina lola shaklidagi stakanga oz miqdordagi kuchli choyni to'kib tashlang va uni kerakli quvvatga qadar issiq suv bilan kesing. Turklar, odatda, kubik shakarini qo'shadilar (hech qachon sut bermaydilar, ammo agar siz so'rasangiz, sutni tez-tez olishingiz mumkin.) Har doim hamma joyda yangi, issiq choy bo'lishi bu Turkiyadagi eng ajoyib hashamatlardan biridir. Elma Choy: olma choyi, masalan, issiq olma sharbati (EHL-mah chah-yee) afzalliklarning ta'mi, garchi bu sayyohlar uchun ko'proq bo'lsa; Turklar Siyah Çayni (qora choy) afzal ko'rishadi.
• Turk qahvasi Qovurilgan va keyin mayda maydalangan kofe donalari qozonda (cezveda), odatda shakar bilan qaynatiladi va asoslar joylashishi mumkin bo'lgan stakanga xizmat qilinadi. Turk madaniyatining klassikasi.
• Nargile (nargile) - bu chekish uchun tutun suv havzasidan (ko'pincha stakan asosda) o'tadigan shisha deb nomlangan, xushbo'y tamaki chekish uchun bitta yoki ko'p qirrali asbobdir. Nargilning har xil o'lchamlari bitta uyni yoningizda olib yurishni osonlashtiradi.
• Gilamlar va kilimlar - Shaharda bo'lganingizda yaxshi xarid bo'lishi mumkin. Shaharda gilamga ixtisoslashgan do'konlarning aksariyati sayyohlik savdosiga qaratilgan, shuning uchun ularning asoslarini tanlang savdolashish ushbu do'konlarda yirtilib ketmaslik uchun. Ular asosan atrofida joylashgan Sultonahmet.
• Kalsedoniya - Yaqin atrofdagi Xalsedon shahri nomi bilan atalgan yarim qimmatbaho tosh va u Istanbulning ko'plab zargarlik do'konlarida sotiladi.

Qaerda

Istanbulning tarixiy bozorlar bir vaqtlar g'arbiy terminida mustahkam o'tirgan sharqona muhit bilan Ipak yo'li va Usmoniylar davriga oid ziravorlar marshrutlari hammasi joylashgan Eski shahar yarimoroli. E'tibor bering, bugungi kunda ko'pchilik juda sayyohlik qiladi va ular chiroyli rasmlarni olish uchun juda yaxshi. Lekin xaridni faqat turistik va mahalliy nisbati juda past bo'lgan joyda qilish kerak, masalan. Spice Market-da (Sultonahmet) shaharning qolgan qismiga nisbatan ikki yoki uch baravar yuqori.

Boshqa tarafdan, zamonaviy savdo markazlari (alışveriş merkezi, odatda qisqartiriladi AVM), so'nggi uch o'n yillikda butun shahar atrofida tez-tez uchraydigan narsalar asosan topiladi Yangi Istanbul va g'arbiy shahar atrofigarchi ular hech qachon faqat ushbu tumanlarda joylashgan emas.

Agar siz yuqori sifatli yuqori sifatli kiyim-kechakka ergashsangiz, u holda siz borishingiz mumkin Nisantaşı Evropa tomonida va Bagdat xiyoboni Osiyo tomonida.

Yemoq

Shaxsiy restoranlarning ro'yxatlari uchun tekshiring tuman maqolalar.

Aperatiflar

Balik ekmek Eminönü qirg'og'idagi ovqatlanish

• Meze Meze asosan tapasning turkcha versiyasidir, u issiq va sovuq holda kichik qismlarda beriladi. Meze yeyish uchun eng yaxshi joy "meyhane" bo'ladi.
• Iskender Dönerning eng yaxshi versiyasi. Bu, asosan, tepada sariyog 'pomidor sousi, yon tomonida esa oddiy qatiq bilan plastinkada beriladi.
• Dyorer. Tez va arzon ovqatlarga ega bo'lish uchun har doim yaxshi imkoniyat. Istiqlol ko'chasiga kirishda o'nlab kichik doner restoranlari mavjud va ular deyarli tunu kun xizmat qilishadi; yaxshi tajriba (va oziq-ovqat sifatini yaxshilash uchun) siz turar-joy mahallalarida yurishni xohlashingiz mumkin, chunki savdo yoki sayyohlik zonasi yaqinidagi har qanday narsa juda qimmatga tushishi va sifati ancha pasayishi mumkin.
• Lahmacun Bu "xamir bilan go'sht", yumaloq, ingichka xamir bo'lagi, ustiga maydalangan go'sht (ko'pincha mol go'shti va qo'zichoq) va maydalangan sabzavotlar va piyoz, pomidor va petrushka, shu jumladan maydalangan sabzavotlar va o'tlar pishiriladi. Lahmacunga tez-tez limon sharbati sepilib, sabzavot, shu jumladan tuzlangan bodring, pomidor, qalampir, piyoz, marul va qovurilgan patlıcan bilan o'ralgan holda xizmat qilinadi; kabob go'shti yoki sousni ishlatadigan odatiy variantlarni topish mumkin.
• Dürüm odatdagi kabob yoki döner ingredientlari bilan to'ldirilgan an'anaviy turkcha doka (lavash yoki yufka yassi nonidan tayyorlanadi).
• Baliq-Ekmek. Baliq-Ekmek (so'zma-so'z "baliq va non") - bu Eminönudagi kichik qayiqlarda va kichik bufetlarda xizmat qiladigan baliq sendvichidir. Shuningdek, bufetlarda tobora ommalashib bormoqda Kadıköy qirg'oq. Oddiy sendvich bitta mayda qovurilgan baliq, pomidor bo'laklari va piyozdan iborat. Biroq, ta'mi bunday asosiy menyu uchun kutilganidan yuqori. Narxi 8 TL atrofida. Shunga qaramay, bu mahalliy favorit.
• Hamsi. Kuz va qishda Qora dengiz hamsi Bosfor orqali ko'chib o'tadi, mahalliy baliqchilar foyda olish uchun kuch bilan chiqib kelishadi. Barcha baliq restoranlar mavsumda ularni menyuda mavjud. Aftidan, klassik porsiya - bir piyoz va non bilan qovurilgan bir hovuch baliq. Baliqni to'liq iste'mol qiling, bu g'olib. Galata ko'prigining Qorakoy tomonida, g'arbiy qismida baliq savdogarlari orqasida joylashgan kichik restoranlarni qidiring. 6 TL to'lashni kutmoqdamiz.
• Patso. Patso - bu hot-dog va frantsuz kartoshkasidan tashkil topgan sendvich turi. Odatda Uskudar qirg'og'idagi kichik bufetlarda xizmat qiladi va sendvich narxi 2,50 TL. Arzon narx odamlarning ko'nglini ko'tarishi mumkin, ammo bufetlar 24/7 ochiq va ular kuniga 1000 ga yaqin sendvichga xizmat qilishadi. Foyda marjasi past bo'lsa ham, ular boylik qilishadi, shuning uchun ular sifatni haddan tashqari tushirmaydilar (gamburgerlardan tashqari, Uskudardagilarga tegmang, lekin Taksimdagi achchiq gamburgerlarni sinab ko'ring).
• Bir narsani e'tiborsiz qoldirmaslik kerak - bu mahalliy Muzqaymoq chaqirilgan ko'cha stendlarida sotiladi dondurma. Xushbo'y narsalar mintaqa uchun odatiy bo'lsa-da, muzqaymoq odatda orkide ildizi ekstraktini o'z ichiga oladi, bu unga juda chaynalgan va torli to'qimalarni beradi, shuningdek, sotish uchun muzni sotishga urinish uchun hiyla-nayrang qilganda, sotish uchun o'zini qarz beradi va e'tiborni jalb qiladi. qaymoq. Urunib ko'r!
• Kumpir bu osonlikcha to'liq ovqatlanish bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan atıştırmalık. U kelib chiqqan Albaniya ammo hozirgi shaklida Istanbul uchun juda xosdir. U pishgan kartoshkadan iborat bo'lib, unda maydalangan pishloq, mayonez, ketchup, tuzlangan bodring, dilimlenmiş qizil karam, shirin makkajo'xori, kolbasa bo'laklari, sabzi, qo'ziqorin va boshqa rus salatlari kabi turli xil plomba moddalari mavjud. aralash. Esa kumpir shahar bo'ylab ko'plab kafelarda bo'lishi mumkin, eng yaxshisi u ichidagi kafelardan biri Ortaköy, qadimgi tayyorgarlik an'analariga ega bo'lgan kumpir va chindan ham mazali va mazali taomlarni taklif eting. Har biri 7-8 liradan.
• Qovurilgan kashtan("kestane Kebap", mahalliy aholi shunday deb atashadi) shahar atrofidagi aravalardan sotiladi va ob-havo sovuq bo'lganida juda yaxshi atıştırmalık, chunki u sizning qo'llaringizni issiq ushlab turadi. 3 g 100 g uchun. Qishda ovqatlaning.
• Pishirilgan va qovurilgan makkajo'xori shahar atrofidagi aravalardan sotiladi va yurish uchun ajoyib atıştırmalık. Narxlar har bir aravada va shaharning hududida (1-1,5 TL) farq qiladi.
• O'tkazib yubormang "simit", shahar atrofida aravachalardan sotiladigan iliq non va bu erda yurish uchun ajoyib atıştırmalık. To'qimasi va ta'mi biroz kunjut simitiga o'xshaydi. Narx har xil aravada va shaharning hududida o'zgarib turadi (1-2 TL).
• Bundan tashqari, albatta sinab ko'ring Ayran, qatiqga asoslangan mahalliy ichimlik, garchi u nordon va ancha ingichka bo'lsa. Bu har doim menyuda yoki ko'rsatilmaydi, lekin u erda, shuning uchun uni so'rang.
• Yangi siqilgan sharbat va sharbat aralashmasi butun shahar bo'ylab stendlardan va kichik do'konlardan sotiladi va tetiklantiruvchi taomdir (ayniqsa issiq oylarda). Kombinatsiyalar oddiy apelsin sharbatidan pomengranat yoki kivi kabi noyob variantlarga qadar. Narxi do'kondan do'konga, shaharning hududiga va buyurtmaning murakkabligiga qarab farq qiladi (2-4 TL).

Ichish

• Chaqaloq Evropa Boğazı'ndaki, shahar markazidan 10 km shimolda, chiroyli restoran va barlarda joylashgan kichik bir shahar. Chiroyli kechki ovqatdan keyin dengiz bo'yida sayr qilish uchun ajoyib joy.
• Bagdat Caddesi Istanbulning Anadolu janubidagi yaxshi restoranlar, butiklar va yuqori darajadagi do'konlarga to'la juda uzoq xiyobon.
• Karaköy Marmara dengiziga qarashli er osti partiyalari bilan shaharning ko'tarilgan yulduzi.
• Beyoğlu tirik hayotga ega, jonli musiqa bilan kafe va barlarda.
• Nisantaşı bu yosh tadbirkorlar va rassomlar uchun joy, ammo narxlar Taksimdagidan yuqori.
• Kadıköy shuningdek, tungi hayot sahnasiga ega bo'lib, asosan shaharning ushbu qismidagi mahalliy aholiga xizmat qiladi. Mahalliy pablar va sharob uylari va an'anaviy meyxanalar bilan juda oson.
• Tungi klublar butun shahar bo'ylab joylashgan, ammo eng issiq ikkitasi joylashgan Ortaköy.

Uyqu

Umuman olganda, istalgan joyda turar-joy turini topish mumkin tuman Istanbul. Bu erda ular eng ko'p to'plangan tumanlarning tezkor ro'yxati:

• Harbiye Evropa tomonidagi yangi shaharning asosiy markazida bo'lgani kabi mashhur turar joy bo'lib, turli xil xalqaro standartlarga ega kvartiralar, mehmonxonalar va byudjetga sayohatchilar uchun o'rtacha mehmonxonalarni o'z ichiga oladi. Nishantaşı va Taksim Xarbiyadan 5 daqiqada joylashganki, siz Harbiyada qolishingiz va Nisantashi va Taksimdagi barcha tadbirlardan bahramand bo'lishingiz mumkin.
• Taksim Evropa tomonidagi yangi shaharning asosiy markazidir. Mahalliy aholi va sayyohlar xarid qilish va ko'ngil ochish uchun Taksimga, shuningdek byudjetga sayohatchilar uchun o'rtacha mehmonxonalarga boradilar. Shuningdek, ushbu hududda ikkita yotoqxona mavjud.
• Sultonahmet Evropa tomonidagi eski shahar uchun asosiy markaz. Bu erda sifatli va o'rtacha narxdagi mehmonxonalar mavjud, ularning aksariyati Oltin Hornga qaragan teraslari yoki Marmara dengizi va Moviy masjid manzarasi bilan ajralib turadi. Mustaqil sayohatchilar tez-tez uchrab turadigan hostel tipidagi turar joylarning aksariyati ushbu tumanda joylashgan, ammo bir nechta zamonaviy mehmonxonalarni topish mumkin.
• Juda qimmat mehmonxonalarni topish mumkin g'arbiy shahar atrofi, ayniqsa aeroport atrofida, shuningdek, qirg'oqlarga qaragan / ko'rinmaydigan Bosfor.
• Nisbatan markaziy Ataköy yopilishi bilan karvon park, siz tortib olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan joy karvon Shaharga eng yaqin shahar endi Selimpashada joylashgan g'arbiy shahar atrofi shaharning markazi, garchi u hali ham shaharning markaziy qismlaridan 40 km uzoqlikda.

Xavfsiz bo'ling

• Ko'pgina Evropa shaharlari singari, lekin ayniqsa Istanbulning gavjum joylarida, cho'ntaklaringizni va sayohat hujjatlaringizni kuzatib boring cho'ntaklar ularni sizdan olish uchun har xil strategiyalarni o'ylab topdi. Politsiya hamma joyda bo'lishidan kelib chiqadigan "xavfsiz" tuyg'usiga juda ko'p ishonmang.

• Agar narxlar namoyish etilmasa, shunchaki Evropadek buyurtma berish o'rniga har doim oldindan (hatto choy uchun) so'rang. Bu Istanbulda o'limga olib kelishi mumkin, chunki sayyohlar doimiy ravishda ortiqcha haq olishadi. Afsuski, ko'pincha shirin do'konlarda yoki hatto restoranlarda bo'lgani kabi narxlar namoyish etilmaydi. Bu joylarni o'tkazib yuboring yoki taxminiy yoki adolatli narxni bilib narx so'rang.

• Istanbulda Turkiyaning uchta va balki Evropaning eng yirik klublari joylashgan futbol: Beshiktosh, Fenerbaxche va Galatasaroy. O'zingizni biron bir klub bilan bog'laydigan ranglarni kiymaslik tavsiya etiladi - navbati bilan oq-qora, to'q sariq va qizil-sariq, ayniqsa tomonlar o'zaro bahslashayotgani sababli, ular o'zaro o'yinlar kunlarida.

• Istanbulda, ko'pchilik haydovchilar hech qanday qoidalarga rioya qilmaydi. Agar siz yo'l kesishmasida, piyodalar o'tish joyida yoki hatto yashil chiroq paytida birinchi o'ringa ega bo'lsangiz ham, doimo atrofingizdan xabardor bo'ling. Agar siz bir tomonlama yo'lda bo'lsangiz ham, yo'lni kesib o'tishdan oldin ikkala tomonni tekshiring. Turk haydovchilar uchun yorliqlardan foydalanish odatiy holdir.

• Katta zilzila epitsentri yaqin Marmara dengizida yaqin bir necha o'n yilliklar ichida kutilmoqda, shuning uchun o'qing zilzila xavfsizligi bo'yicha maqola kelishingizdan oldin.

Firibgarlar

Eslatma, quyidagi xulosalarning aksariyati deyarli 10 yoshda. Modernizatsiya, siyosiy shov-shuv, Suriyadagi urush va boshqa ko'p narsalar tufayli Turkiya o'sha paytdan beri juda o'zgarib ketdi. Hozirgi kunda vaziyat aslida unchalik shiddatli emas, chunki ushbu konturlarda ko'rinishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, dam oling! Shunga qaramay, xabardor bo'lish uchun ular haqida biling va o'qing. Eng muhimlari - bu ortiqcha narxlangan tungi klublar va barlar, cho'ntak va juda do'stona begonalar.

Moviy masjid firibgarlari "yo'lboshchilar"

Moviy masjid darvozasidan o'tayotganda, darhol masjid va uning atrofi bo'ylab sizning de-fakto yo'lboshchingiz bo'lishni taklif qiladigan tabassum va do'stona chaplardan ehtiyot bo'ling; ular masjid bilan bog'liq har qanday narsa haqida juda yaxshi ma'lumotga ega bo'lishadi; odob-axloq qoidalari, tarix va islomiy amallar. Biroq, ular oxir-oqibat o'zlarining "xizmatlari" uchun narxni talab qilmoqdalar, bu to'lov 50 TL ga teng bo'lishi mumkin. Onlaynda shaxsiy sayohatni bron qilsangiz yaxshi bo'ladi; yoki umuman yo'q, chunki masjid aslida baribir bepul.

Restoran firibgarlari

Turistlarni o'rtacha ovqat bilan qimmatbaho restoranlarga tashrif buyurishga ishontirish uchun muhim firibgarlik quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi:

Yurish paytida siz turgan mehmonxonadan sizni taniyman deb da'vo qilayotgan turkiyalik bir erkak sizni quvib chiqaradi (masalan, u u erda u ofitsiant yoki resepsiyonist bo'lib ishlashini aytadi). U qaerga ketayotganingizni so'raydi. Agar siz ovqatga chiqmoqchi bo'lsangiz, u restoranni tavsiya qiladi, u erda u oilasini yoki do'stlarini ovqatlanayotganda olib borishini aytadi. Suhbatni chinakam va do'stona his qilish uchun u sizga boshqa maslahatlarni berishi mumkin (masalan, Topkapi saroyiga tashrif buyurish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt). U tavsiya qilgan restoran deyarli albatta o'rtacha yoki past sifatli bo'ladi va u yerdagi xodimlar siz bilmagan holda qimmatbaho idishlarni sotishga harakat qilishadi. Masalan, ular menyuda "MP" (bozor narxi) deb belgilangan "tuzli baliqlar" (tuzda pishirilgan baliq) kabi taomlarni reklama qilishlari mumkin, ularning narxi 100 liradan oshishi mumkin. Shuningdek, ular sizga buyurtma bermagan qo'shimcha taomlarni taqdim etishlari mumkin, keyin ularni qo'shimcha 25-50 liraga, xizmat va soliq uchun qo'shimcha to'lovlar bilan birga hisob-kitob varag'iga qo'shishlari mumkin. Ushbu hünirini mijozlarni jalb qilish uchun ishlatadigan restoranlardan biri bu Sultonaxmedagi Haci Baba.

Bar va klub firibgarlari

Ichkilikning yuqori narxi firibgarliklar Aksaroy, Beyazit va Taksim hududlarida joylashgan tungi klublarda uchraydi. Ushbu klublar, odatda, asl menyu nusxasi yoki shunchaki stolda teskari o'tirgan menyu asosida qimmatbaho to'lovlarni to'laydilar. Ikki yoki uchta ichimlik allaqachon 1000 TLdan oshib ketadigan fantaziya hisobini yaratishi mumkin.

Ko'chada suhbatni boshlagan va sizni "ular yaxshi biladigan tungi klubga" taklif qiladigan yigitlar yoki erkak-ayol juftliklarning do'stona muomalasi guruhlaridan ham xabardor bo'ling. Bu ko'pincha bunday firibgarlikning debochasi sifatida xabar qilingan. Firibgarlar sizning shubhangizni kamaytirish uchun avval sizni kechki ovqatga olib borishni taklif qilishlari mumkin. Sizni o'zingizga jalb qilishning yana bir usuli - bu siz bilan turk tilida suhbatlashish, va siz o'z tilingizda ming'irlaganingizda, ular sizning turk emasligingizga hayron bo'lishadi va shu zahotiyoq sizning pivo bilan baxtsiz hodisangiz uchun sizga pul to'lash istagi paydo bo'ladi.

Buning yana bir varianti Taksimdagi erkak sayyohlarga pivoni sotib olishga taklif qilishdir (ular "mehmon" bo'lgani kabi). Klubda jozibali ayollar, shuningdek, pivo bilan, ularga qo'shilishadi. Hisob-kitob kelganda, sayyohlarni taklif qilgan shaxs ichimliklar uchun pul to'layman deganini rad etadi va katta hisob taqdim etiladi, masalan. 1500 TL uchun; turistlar e'tiroz bildirganda, turistlarni bankomatga kuzatib borish uchun "xavfsizlik" xodimlari paydo bo'ladi (ehtimol ularning bank hisob raqamlarini tozalash uchun). Striptiz klubi kabi ko'rinadigan har qanday bar, ehtimol bu firibgar qo'shma.

Ushbu firibgarlikning har ikkalasida ham, agar siz yuqori narxlarni to'lashdan bosh tortsangiz yoki shikoyat yozish uchun politsiyaga qo'ng'iroq qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz (№155 raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qilsangiz), klub menejerlari jumboqni tugatib qo'yish uchun jismoniy qo'rqitish usulidan foydalanishlari mumkin. Agar siz biron-bir sababga ko'ra shunday vaziyatga tushib qolsangiz, ular siz xohlagan narsani qilishingiz, hisobni to'lashingiz, sizni majburan sotib olishga majbur qilayotgan narsalarni sotib olishingiz va hokazo. Vaziyatdan imkon qadar tezroq chiqib ketishga harakat qiling, xavfsiz joyga boring va politsiyani chaqiring.

Suv firibgarlari

Shuningdek, Taksimdagi bo'yningizning orqasiga suv sepadigan erkaklardan ehtiyot bo'ling. Siz o'girilib qarasangiz, ular siz bilan boshqa bir erkak kirib sizni talon-taroj qilgani uchun janjal boshlashga harakat qilishadi. Bu erkaklar pichoq olib yurishadi va juda xavfli bo'lishi mumkin.

Lira / evro firibgarliklari

Ko'pincha firibgarliklar, ko'pincha kichik mehmonxonalarda (lekin boshqa har xil sharoitlarda ham bo'lishi mumkin), narxlarni lirada belgilash va keyinroq, to'lov muddati tugagach, narx evroda berilgan deb da'vo qilish. To'lovni turar joyida erta rad etgan va sizni "ketayotganda to'lashni" afzal ko'radigan mehmonxonalar shubhalarni kuchaytirishi kerak. Ushbu firibgarlikni boshqaradigan mehmonxonalar ko'pincha mukammal xizmat va o'rtacha narxlarda turar joy taklif qilishadi va ko'pchilik mehmonlar shuncha xulosa qilishlarini va shikoyat qilmasdan to'lashlarini bilishadi - shuning uchun bu yaxshi mehmonxonaning belgisi bo'lishi mumkin.

Yana bir firibgarlik tanga bilan bog'liq va siz ko'chalarda yurganingizda sodir bo'ladi. Turk yigiti sizni ushlab, qayerdan ekanligingizni so'raydi. Agar siz evro-mamlakatni eslatib qo'ysangiz, u yigit sizdan 50 evrolik yozuvni u ko'rsatayotgan 2 tanga evroga almashtirishingizni xohlaydi. U qo'llarida tangalarni ustma-ust ushlab turibdi. Muammo uchun u sizga "30 € 2 tanga taklif qilaman, jami 60 evro" taklif qiladi. Do not agree with this exchange of money, as the first coin is indeed a €2-coin, but (many of) the rest of the coins will probably be 1-lira coins (looking very similar), but worth only 1/4 of the value of €2.

Many bars in the Taksim area give you counterfeit bills. They are usually well-made and hard to identify as fakes in the dark. One way to verify a bill's authenticity is to check its size against another one. Another is to hold the bill up to a strong light, face side up, and check for an outline of the same face which is on the bill. The value of the bill (20, 50, etc.) should appear next to the outline, light and translucent. If either of these two security features are missing, try to have the bill changed or speak to the police.

Some taxi drivers agree on a price only to tell you your lira bills are counterfeit, or invalid, or have a wrong serial number. This is a scam to have you paying in Euro or USD, usually for a much higher price since they'll claim they don't have change.

Shoebrush

Some men will walk around Taksim (or other tourist-frequented areas) with a shoeshine kit, and the brush will fall off. This is a scam to cause some Western tourist with a conscience to pick it up and return it to the owner, who will then express gratitude and offer to shine your shoes for free. While doing that, he will talk about how he is from another city and how he has a sick child. At the end, the shiner will demand a much higher price for the "free" services provided than is the actual market norm. A similar trick is to ask for a cigarette and proceed similarly.

If you actively decide that you would like your shoes shined, then expect to pay not more than 5 TL for both.

Taxi drivers

Taxis are plentiful in Istanbul and inexpensive by Western European and American standards. They can be picked up at taxi hubs throughout the city or on the streets. Empty cabs on the streets will honk at pedestrians to see if they would like a ride, or cabs can be hailed by pedestrians by making eye contact with the driver and waving. Few taxi drivers speak languages other than Turkish, but do a fair job at deciphering mispronounced location names given by foreign riders. It is advisable to have the name of the destination written down and try to have a map beforehand to show the driver, to avoid any misunderstanding and also potential scams. Though taxis are plentiful, be aware that taxis are harder to find during peak traffic hours and traffic jams and when it is raining and snowing. They are also less frequent during nights, depending on the area and are hard to find after midnight.

Try to avoid using taxis for short distances (5–10 minutes of walk) if possible. Some taxi drivers can be annoyed with this, especially if you called the cab from a taxi hub instead of hailing it from the street. If you want taxis for short distances, just hail them from the street, do not go to the taxi hub.

Few taxis have seatbelts, and some drivers may seem to be reckless. If you wish for the driver to slow down, say "yavash lütfen" (slow please). Your request may or may not be honored.

As in any major city, tourists are more vulnerable to taxi scams than locals. Be aware that taxi drivers use cars affiliated with a particular hub, and that the name and phone number of the hub, as well as the license plate number, are written on the side of each car. Noting or photographing this information may be useful if you run into problems. In general, riding in taxis affiliated with major hotels (Hilton, Marriot, Ritz, etc.) is safe, and it is not necessary to stay in these hotels to use a taxis leaving from their hubs.

Others may take unnecessarily long routes to increase the amount due (although sometimes alternate routes are also taken to avoid Istanbul traffic, which can be very bad). Some scams involve the payment transaction; for example, if the rider pays 50 TL when only 20 TL are needed, the driver may quickly switch it with a 5 TL note and insist that the rest of the 20 TL is still due or may switch the real bill for a fake one and insist that different money be given.

Methods to avoid taxi scams:

1. Sit in the front passenger seat. Watch the meter. Watch the driver's actions (beeping the horn, pumping the brakes, etc.) and note what the taximeter does. While it is rare, some drivers will wire parts of their controls to increase the fare upon activation. If you're with your significant other, do it anyway. Save the cuddling for after the ride. Check if the seal on the taximeter is broken. Use your phone for light. This will make the driver realize that you are cautious. For women it is better to sit in the back seat (where you can see the meter from the middle), as there are occasionally problems with taxi drivers getting overly friendly, and sitting in the front is a sign that a woman welcomes such behavior.

2. Ask "How much to go to...?" (basic English is understood), before getting in the taxi. Price will be quite accurate to the one in the taximeter at the end of the ride. If the price sounds ok for you, get in the cab and tell them to put the Taximeter on. The rate they are applying is same during night and day.

3. Know the route. If you have a chance, find a map and demand that the driver take your chosen route to the destination. Oftentimes they will drive the long way or pretend not to know where you're going in order to get more money out of you. If the driver claims not to know the route to a major landmark or gathering place, refuse his services as he is likely lying.

4. Choose an elderly driver. Elderly taxi drivers are less likely to cheat passengers.

5. Let taxi driver see money on your hands and show values and take commitment on it. This is 50 lira. Kelishdikmi? Take this 50 lira and give 30 lira back OK?. This guarantees your money value. Otherwise, your 50 lira can be 5 lira immediately on his hands. Try to have always 10 lira or 20 lira bills in your wallet. This makes money scams in general more difficult. If you realize that the driver tried to use the 50 lira to 5 lira trick on you, call the police (#155) immediately and write down the license plate.

6. Create a big scene if there is a problem. If you are absolutely positive you have been subject to a scam, threaten to or call the police and, if you feel it will help, start yelling. Taxi drivers will only rip off those they think will fall for it; creating a scene draws attention to them and will make it easier to pay the correct rate.

Overpricing

Watch the menu carefully in street cafes for signs that prices are not discriminatory — if prices are clearly over-inflated, simply leave. A good indication of over inflation is the circulation of two different types of menu — the "foreigner" menu is typically printed on a laminated card with menu prices written in laundry marker/texta, i.e., prices not be printed; in these cases, expect that prices for foreigners will be highly inflated (300% or higher).

While this is not really a problem in Beyoğlu yoki Ortaköy, avoiding the open air cafes toward the rear courtyard of the Spice Bazaar (Sultonahmet) is wise. The area immediately north of the Spice Bazaar is also crawling with touts for these 'infamous' cafes.

Having nargile (water pipe) is a famous activity in Istanbul,Tophane(top-hane)is a famous location for this activity where a huge number of nargile shops are available and can easily be reached by the tram, avoiding a place called "Ali Baba" in Tophane is wise, usually you will be served there with plates you did not ask for like a nuts plate, and expect to have a bill of around US$50 for your nargile!

Stalking

Men intent on stalking foreign women may be present in tourist locations. Such men may presume that foreigners have a lot of money or liberal values and may approach foreign women in a flirtatious or forward manner looking for sex or for money (either by theft or selling over-priced goods). If you are being harassed, use common sense and go to where other people are; often this is the nearest store. Creating a public scene will deter many stalkers, and these phrases may be useful in such cases:

• İmdat! – "Help!"
• Ayıp! – "Rude!"
• Bırak beni! – "Leave me alone!"
• Dur! – "Stop!"
• Gider misin?! – "Will you go?!"

Or to really ruin him:

• Beni takip etme! – "Stop stalking me!"
• Polisi arıyorum – "I'm calling the cops!"
• Siktir Git – "Fuck off!"

Occasionally try not to use Turkish as the stalker will like it more, just scream and run and find a safer place with crowd and police.

Tourism Police

Istanbul PD has a "Tourism Police" department where travelers may report passport loss and theft or any other criminal activity by which they are victimized. They have an office in Sultonahmet and can reportedly speak English, German, French, and Arabic.

• Tourism Police (Turizm Polisi), Yerebatan Caddesi 6, Sultanahmet (in the yellow wooden building between Hagia Sophia and the entrance of Basilica Cistern, few meters away from each), ☏ 90 212 527 45 03, faks: 90 212 512 76 76. 

Stay healthy

Tap water may not be safe depending on where you drink it. Although the tap water itself is clean, many local water tanks are not maintained properly, and one should try to avoid tap water if possible. Locals widely prefer bottled water and the same applies for the restaurants. Expect to pay for water in restaurants (around 2 TL).

Food and drinks are mostly of international standards. Some Turkish foods are known to use a variety of spices which may affect international tourists who may not be accustomed to such ingredients, although most of it is edible for any tongue.

Use common sense when buying certain foods, particularly from street vendors. Delicacies such as "Firin Sutlac" (a kind of rice pudding) can go bad rapidly on a hot day, as can the oysters occasionally for sale on the streets.

Ulanmoq

For general information on SIM cards, Wi-Fi and Internet see the country article.

Telephone codes

Istanbul is the only city or province in Turkey that has more than one telephone code: 212 for European side, 216 for Asian side and Princes' Islands. When calling from one continent to the other, the usual dialing format used for intercity calls should be used, as if it’s an intercity call: 0 area code (212 or 216) 7-digit telephone number. It may appear as an intercity call, but it will be treated as a local call in respect to payment. When making an intercontinental call, if you forget to dial the code, your call will emas be automatically routed to the other continent number, it is likely that you will be connected to the “wrong” number which is in the same continent with you, because much of the number sets are used on both continents (albeit with different codes of course). When dialing a number that is on the continent you are already standing on, only 7-digit number is enough. Don’t forget to dial the code first no matter which continent you are in if you are calling a landline number from a cell phone (even if it’s a number that is in the same continent with you), though.

Mobile

Istanbul has 4G from all Turkish carriers. 5G is expected to be rolled out in 2021.

Cope

Istanbul's less-than-scrupulous hotel and restaurant owners are as market savvy as they come—they read the popular travel guides to Istanbul and when they get listed or favorably reviewed, they raise prices through the roof and skimp on costs. For mid-range and cheap hotels/restaurants, you may have a better time if you avoid places listed in the most popular guidebooks. Trust your nose.

Charging Station for mobile phones in Istanbul

Consulates

Many of the consulates in Istanbul are housed in elegant and imposing buildings dating back to the previous centuries, when they served as embassies to the Ottoman Empire, before its collapse and the move of the capital to Ankara by the then-newly established republic. An interesting fact about them is that they are all located in the Beyoğlu area with one exception, the Iranian consulate, as the imperial authorities did not allow representatives from non-Muslim lands to be based within the official borders of the city at that time, which more or less equaled to the peninsula of the Old City.

Keyingisi

West

The area of European Turkey to the west of Istanbul is called Thrace. It has many historic towns with Byzantine and Ottoman heritage.

• Edirne, two hours to the northwest, is a beautiful historic city, and was the Ottoman capital before power moved to Istanbul. You need at least a day here. A slow scenic route winds north via Kıyıköy, ancient Medea, a fisherman's village on the Black Sea with some traditional architecture, partially rebuilt ancient city walls and a nearby rock-cut monastery. The next town on that route is Vize, an old town with a well preserved Byzantine cathedral.
• Head into Western Europe either via Sofiya in Bulgaria or Buxarest in Romania.
• Or perhaps you can follow the ancient Via Egnatia all the way to the Adriatic and across to Rim.

South

• The Marmara Islands are across the sea, much further away and less urban than the Princes Islands just offshore of the city.
• Bursa to the southeast is a former Ottoman capital with many historical sights plus Uludağ National Park just south. İznik, rich in Byzantine, Seljuk, and early Ottoman heritage, is worth a detour on the way.
• A scenic route towards Izmir is to head west then south into the Gallipoli peninsula, with its World War 1 sites, cross the Dardanelles to Çanakkale, then past ancient Troy va Pergamon (Bergama). A short ferry-ride brings you to the charming island of Bozcaada.

Sharq

In Istanbul you've only stepped on the threshold of Asian Turkey. Continue east across Anatolia for so much more: rejuvenated Anqara, unworldly Cappadocia, surreal Mount Nemrut, faraway Kars. And further still across the lands of the former Ottoman Empire: follow in the footsteps of ancient traders, medieval travellers, pilgrimsva hippies.

Edirne ← Çorlu ← Junction (V) ←

V  E

→ İzmit → Anqara