Finlyandiya ko'rish uchun eng yaxshi joylardan biri funktsionalistik uslubdagi binolar.
Tushuning
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Xelsinki markazidagi funktsionalizm; chap tomonda Markaziy pochta binosi, o'rta Sokos univermagida va o'ngda Lasipalatsi (yoritilgan shisha saroy)
- Shuningdek qarang Vikipediyaning funktsionalistik arxitektura haqidagi maqolasi
Funktsionalizm - bu uslub modernist me'morchilik, urushlararo davrda paydo bo'lgan. Uslub Sharqda eng katta mashhurlikka erishdi Markaziy Evropa va Shimoliy Evropa. Bauhausni biroz eslatuvchi, funktsionalizmda keng tarqalgan hodisalarga katta bo'sh sirtlar (odatda oq, sariq yoki boshqa biron bir yorqin rang), tekis chiziqlar, Streamline Moderne uslubiga o'xshash egri qisqa qirralar, oddiy shakllar (to'rtburchaklar va doiralar) va tekis tomlar kiradi. Naqsh kabi bezaklar, odatda, bu binolarda mavjud emas - lekin buning o'rniga yorug'lik o'ynashi ko'pincha ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatiladi. Funktsionalizm nomi binolarni mo'ljallangan maqsadlariga muvofiq loyihalashtirishni (hatto optimallashtirilmagan bo'lsa ham) nazarda tutadi.
| “ | Qurilish san'ati - bu moddiylashtirilgan hayotning sintezi. Biz bir xil qalpoq ostiga singan fikrlash tarzini emas, balki barchasini hamjihatlikda olib kirishga harakat qilishimiz kerak. | ” |
- Alvar Aalto | ||
Finlyandiya edi Shvetsiyaning bir qismi 1809 yilgacha va uning qismi Rossiya imperiyasi 1917 yilgacha. Mustaqillikgacha bo'lgan me'morchilikning aksariyati o'sha mamlakatlardan ilhomlanib, 19-asrning birinchi o'n yillarida jugend (art roman) va shimoliy klassitsizm uslublari hukmronlik qildi. Funktsionalistik binolarning bir qismi (ayniqsa Aalto tomonidan) 1920-yillarda qurilgan bo'lsa ham 1930 yil Stokgolm ko'rgazmasi Shimoliy Shimoliy mamlakatlarda me'moriy uslubni haqiqatan ham moda qilgan narsa edi. Ba'zi binolar Norvegiya va Shvetsiyada (ayniqsa Stokgolmda) qurilgan, ammo Daniya va Finlyandiyada bu uslub eng katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan.
Finlyandiyada funktsionalizm asrning boshlarida boshlangan urbanizatsiya va sanoatlashtirish davrida yuzaga keldi. Shaharlar tez o'sdi, jamoat va turar-joy binolari qurildi - ularning aksariyati funktsionalizm uslubida; bu ham mamlakat yangi qo'lga kiritgan mustaqilligining ifodasiga aylandi. Ushbu uslub 1960-yillarga qadar va ayniqsa, shunga o'xshash katta shaharlarda mashhur bo'lib kelmoqda Xelsinki va Turku juda ko'p funktsional binolar mavjud va me'morchilik uslubi kichik shaharlarda ham uchraydi. Albatta, o'sha kundan boshlab ko'plab binolar yangilari bilan almashtirildi.
O'sha davrning mashhur fin funktsionalist me'morlari orasida Erkki Xuttunen, Pauli E. Blomstedt, Aarne Ervi, Viljo Revell, Eino Pitkänen, Erik Bryggman, Gunnar Vahlroos, Xilding Ekelund va Alvar Aalto bor.
Finlyandiya an'anaviy ravishda Protestant. Ikkala cherkov va boshqa binolar boshqa protestant jamoalari bilan minimalist xususiyatlarga ega.
Mamlakatda ikkita rasmiy til mavjud; Fin va shved. Fin tili hind-evropa emas va shuning uchun grammatika aksariyat Evropa tillaridan farq qiladi. Ikki tilli tajriba bo'ldi ilhom manbai sifatida keltirilgan fin san'ati, me'morchiligi va naqsh dizayni uchun.
Finlyandiya, shuningdek, ichki dizayni bilan mashhur (shu jumladan mebel, oshxona anjomlari va to'qimachilik) Iittala, Fiskars va Marimekko kabi brendlar bilan. Ichki dizayndagi ba'zi taniqli buyumlar Alvar Aalto tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.
Qarang
Finlyandiyada funktsionalistik me'morchilik xaritasi
Ushbu binolar funktsionalistik me'morchilikning taniqli namunalari bo'lib, ularning aksariyati Antikalar Kengashi tomonidan "Milliy darajada ajoyib qurilgan madaniy muhit" sifatida qayd etilgan (valtakunnallisesti merkittävä rakennettu kulttuuriympäristö) va / yoki zamonaviy me'morchilikni muhofaza qilish tashkiloti tomonidan Docomomo International zamonaviy arxitekturaning taniqli namunalari sifatida.
Quyidagi binolarning bir nechtasi "toza sayyohlik diqqatga sazovor joylari" dir, ammo ba'zilari restoranlar, mehmonxonalar, tadbirlar o'tkaziladigan joy va hk. Bo'lib xizmat qiladi va jamoatchilik uchun ochiqdir. Boshqalar, hech bo'lmaganda bu joyga ulangan odam bilan oldindan uchrashuvsiz kirish uchun noo'rin bo'lishi mumkin va bunday binolarni faqat tashqaridan hayratda qoldirish mumkin.
Xelsinki va atrof
Tölö, ehtimol nafaqat Xelsinki, balki butun mamlakatdagi funktsionalistik binolarning eng yuqori kontsentratsiyasiga ega tuman. Tumanda quyida sanab o'tilgan binolardan tashqari yana bir qancha funktsionalistik uslubdagi binolar mavjud, masalan, sobiq yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchasi Mechelininkatu va Hietaniemenkatu burchaklaridagi oziq-ovqat do'koni va ko'p qavatli uylar. Käpyläda bir nechta bunday binolar mavjud, shaharning boshqa joylarida ular ko'proq tarqalgan.
Töölö
- 1 Olimpiya stadioni (Olimpiastadion), Paavo Nurmen tenglik 1. 1940 yilgi Xelsinki uchun qurilgan stadion Olimpiada12 yil o'tib Ikkinchi Jahon urushi tufayli bo'lib o'tgan 72 m balandlikdagi minorasi funktsionalizmning eng yaxshi namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi. U 1938 yilda ochilgan va Yrjö Lindegren va Toivo Yantti tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan. Tadbirdan keyin foydalanilmay qolgan ba'zi zamonaviy olimpiya maydonlaridan farqli o'laroq, Xelsinki Olimpiya stadioni asosiy sport va kontsert joyi bo'lib qolmoqda va bir necha bor ta'mirlangan. U 2019 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab ta'mirdan o'tkazilmoqda va 2020 yil avgust oyida qayta ochilishi rejalashtirilgan. Xuddi shu Olimpiada uchun qurilgan suzish stadioni (uimastadion) xuddi shu uslubga amal qiladi. Stadion, shuningdek, maydonlarni qabul qiladi Finlyandiya sport muzeyi (Suomen urheilumuseo).
- 2 Avtoulov stadioni (Soutustadion / Roddstadion). Xelsinki yarim orolining g'arbiy qirg'og'idagi Taivallahti ko'rfazi xuddi o'sha Olimpiadada eshkak eshish va kanoeda eshkak eshish bo'yicha musobaqalar o'tkazilishi rejalashtirilgan joy edi, ammo keyingisi u erda bo'lgan. Hilding Ekelund tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan oq nafis o'tiradigan joy hammaga yopiq.
Tööle sport zali, boshidanoq ko'rgazma zali
- 3 Tölö sport zali (Töolön Kisahalli / Tölö sporthall), Mannergeymintie 17. Olimpiya stadioni yonida 1935 yilda ko'rgazma zali sifatida birinchi marta ochilgan Aarne Xytönen va Risto-Veikko Luukkonen tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Tööle sport zali joylashgan. Olimpiadaning ba'zi yopiq sport tadbirlari shu erda bo'lib o'tdi va yangi ko'rgazma zali Pasila 1975 yilda ochilgan, bu faqat sport maydonchasi, basketbol jamoalari Xelsinki Seagulls va Torpan Pojat uyi bo'lib, keng jamoatchilik uchun ishlashga ochiq. Yoki, agar sizning tunda o'tkazgan ziyofatingiz biroz uzoqlashib ketgan bo'lsa, siz politsiya mast tanklar ishlaydigan podvalda uyg'onishingiz mumkin.
- 4 Bolalar qal'asi (Lastenlinna / Barnens borg). 1948 yilda qurib bitkazilgan ushbu shifoxona binosini Elsi Borg, Otto Flodin va Olavi Sortta loyihalashtirishgan. Nomidan ko'rinib turibdiki, bu bolalarni davolashga ixtisoslashgan shifoxona edi. So'nggi yillarda binoning bir qismi doimo ta'mirlanib turar edi, shu sababli yaqinida 2018 yilda yangi bolalar shifoxonasi ochildi. 2019 yilga kelib bino bo'sh turibdi va Xelsinki shahri u bilan nima qilishni hali hal qilmagan.
- 5 Olaus Petri cherkovi (Olaus Petrin kirkko / Olaus Petri kyrka), Minervankatu 6. Shved me'mori Ture Rybergning sariq Olaus Petri cherkovi 1932 yilda qurib bitkazilgan va u Finlyandiyadagi shved fuqarolarining asosiy cherkovidir. Yaxshi akustika tufayli, cherkov, masalan, Sibelius akademiyasi tomonidan ishlatiladigan kontsert joyidir. Cherkovning organi 1967 yilda Göteborgda qurilgan va 26 ta quvurga ega.
- 6 Lallukka rassomining uyi (Lallukan taiteilijakoti / Lallukka konstnärshem). Olaus Petri cherkovining qarshisida 1933 yilda qurilgan rassomlar uchun turar-joy binosi bo'lgan Lallukka joylashgan. Uni biznes va san'at homiysi Juho Lallukka vafotidan keyin tashkil etilgan Juho va Mariya Lallukka Art Home fondi boshqaradi. 56 xonadon va studiyalarda bir nechta taniqli fin rassomlari, haykaltaroshlari, bastakorlari, musiqachilari, kinorejissyorlari va aktyorlari joylashgan. Xuddi shu blokda, Eteläinen Hesperiankatu-da, o'sha davrdagi Restaurant Elite. Shaharda qadimgi qadimgi yaxshi ovqatlanish joylaridan biri bu edi The kun davomida san'atkorlar yig'iladigan joy.
Taivallahti kazarmasi, afsuski, hozirgi kunda juda yaxshi holatda emas
- 7 Taivallahti kazarmasi (Taivallahden kasarmit / Edesvikens kaserner). Martta Martikaisen tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan binolar Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan oldin qurib bitkazilgan. Armiya haydovchilari va Kaartin soittokunta harbiy guruhi 2012 yilgacha bu erda xizmat qilishgan va 2019 yildan boshlab biroz buzilib ketgan binolar oxir-oqibat turar-joy binolariga aylantiriladi va ularning birida birinchi qavatda oziq-ovqat do'koni ishlaydi.
- 8 Xelsinki biznes universiteti (Kauppakorkeakoulu / Finska handelshögskolan). 1950 yilda ochilgan va Voldemar Baekman va Ugo Xarmiya tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan ushbu bino nafaqat funktsional, balki romantik uslubdagi ba'zi relyeflarni ham o'z ichiga olgan. O'shandan beri ishbilarmonlik universiteti texnik va san'at universitetlari bilan birlashib, Aalto universitetini tashkil qildi va talabalar shaharchasi ko'chib o'tdi Otaniemi 2019 yilda. Ta'mirlashdan so'ng u "Ijroiya ta'lim markazi" ga aylanadi.
- 9 Xelsinki Suojeluskunta binosi (Helsingin suojeluskuntatalo / Helsingfors skyddskårshus), Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 15. Ushbu bino 1939-41 yillarda urushdan keyin taqiqlangan Suojeluskunta militsiya tashkiloti uchun Xelsinki shtab-kvartirasi sifatida qurilgan. Hozirgi kunda bu ofis va tijorat binosidir va eng taniqli ijarachi bu restoranda 1987 yilgacha faoliyat yuritgan Restaurant Motti edi va undan keyin ham, keyin ham yopiq edi.
Markaziy va janubiy Xelsinki
Lasipalatsi - yagona va yagona
- 10 Lasipalatsi (Glaspalatset), Mannerheimintie / Simonkatu (Kamppi). Mannerheimintie yonidagi Xelsinkining eng taniqli funktsionalistik binolaridan yana biri - Viljo Revell, Xeymo Riihimyaki va Niilo Kokkoning "shisha saroyi" 1936 yilda tugatilgan va ichki va tashqi tomondan funktsionaldir. Bu vaqtincha ofis binosi va savdo majmuasi sifatida rejalashtirilgan bo'lib, uning o'rnini kelajakda kattaroq bino egallashi kerak edi, ammo bu hech qachon sodir bo'lmagan. 1980-90 yillarda bino juda achinarli ahvolda edi, ammo fuqarolar va qadimiy buyumlar kengashining qarama-qarshiligi tufayli u buzilmadi, ammo ming yillikning boshida katta ta'mirdan o'tkazildi. Bugun rang-barang oppoq bino neon belgilari do'konlar, restoranlar, Bio Rex kinoteatri va uning ostida Amos Rex badiiy muzeyi joylashgan.
- 11 Asosiy pochta aloqasi (Postitalo / Pääposti / Huvudposten), Mannergeyminaukio 1 (Markaziy Xelsinki). Lasipalatsidan Mannerheimintie bo'ylab Xelsinkining sobiq asosiy pochta bo'limi joylashgan bo'lib, uni Jorma Jarvi, Erik Lindroos va Kaarlo Borg loyihalashtirgan va 1938 yilda qurib bitkazgan. Ammo hozirgi 90-yillarning oxiridan boshlab bu asosiy pochta binosi emas, balki bir qator do'konlari joylashgan, ammo bino hali ham qimmatbaho tarixiy bino sifatida himoyalangan (xuddi shu ro'yxatdagi aksariyat binolar singari).
- 12 Metsatalo, Unioninkatu 40 (Kaisaniemi). Ushbu universitet binosi funktsionalistik va klassitsistik elementlarga ega deb ta'riflangan. Uning dizayni 1939 yilda tugatilgan Jussi Paatela tomonidan yaratilgan bo'lib, uning birinchi foydalanuvchilari Davlat o'rmon tadqiqot instituti (Metsätutkimuslaitos) va Xelsinki universitetining o'rmonshunoslik fakulteti bo'lib, binoning nomi - "o'rmon uyi" mana shu erda paydo bo'lgan. Hozirgi kunda binoda tilshunoslik va filologiya fakultetlari joylashgan.
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Qizil g'ishtlarda funktsionalizm - Mikael Agricola cherkovi
- 13 Mikael Agricola cherkovi (Mikael Agricolan kirkko / Mikael Agricola kyrka), Tehtaankatu 23 (Punavuori). Me'morlar tanlovida g'olib chiqqan va 1935 yilda tugatgan Lars Sonk tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan ushbu funktsional bino g'ayrioddiy tarzda qizil g'ishtdan qurilgan. Yana bir g'ayrioddiy narsa - minora ichiga tushirilishi mumkin bo'lgan shpil, minora balandligini uchdan biriga qisqartiradi. Ushbu xususiyat Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida bombardimonchi samolyotlarning nishoniga aylanishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun ishlatilgan.
- 14 Lyuter cherkovi (Lyuter-kirkko / Lyuterherkan), Fredrikinkatu 42 (Kamppi). Ushbu cherkovda faqat fasad funktsionalistik xususiyatga ega. Binoning o'zi 19-asrga tegishli, ammo o'zining tashqi ko'rinishi 1931 yilda Xilding Ekelund tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Bir necha o'n yillar davomida tungi klub sifatida ishlagandan so'ng, bino yana konservativ Lyuteran Evangelist Jamg'armasi tomonidan cherkov sifatida ishlatilgan.
- 15 Tennis saroyi (Tennispalatsi / Tennispalatset), Salomonkatu 15 (Kamppi). Helge Lundström tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1937 yilda qurib bitkazilgan "tennis saroyi" da to'rtta tennis korti joylashgan, ammo ulardan turli maqsadlarda foydalanilgan. 1952 yilgi Olimpiadada u basketbol o'yinlari uchun ishlatilgan, keyin binoda avtosalon va Anttila universal do'koni joylashgan. Yaqin atrofdagi Lasipalatsi singari, 1990-yillarda ham bino juda eskirgan shaklda bo'lgan va uni buzish va yangi avtovokzal bilan almashtirishni rejalashtirishgan. Shunga qaramay, Tennispalatsi yangilandi va mingyillikning boshidan buyon u erda katta kinoteatr va Xelsinki san'at muzeyi (HAM) joylashgan.
- 16 Kitob uyi (Kirjan talo / Bokens hus), Kirjatyöntekijänkatu 10 (Kruununhaka). "Kitob uyi", Georg Jägerroos tomonidan 1935 yilda tugatilgan, Xelsinki Kitobchilar uyushmasi (bu o'z navbatida 1869 yilda tashkil etilgan mamlakatdagi eng qadimgi kasaba uyushmasi) uyidir. Etti qavatli binoda konferents xonalari, kvartiralar, restoran, sauna va ziyofat zali joylashgan.
Ichki Sharq
1940 yilgi Olimpiada o'yinlari uchun qurilgan yana bir funktsional bino - Xelsinki Velodromi
- 17 Sturenkatu pochtasi, Sturenkatu 21 (Vallila). Volvo dilerligi sifatida birinchi bo'lib qurilgan ushbu katta funktsionalistik bino Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan oldin qurib bitkazilgan. 1980 yildan beri u asosan Vallila tumanining pochta aloqasi bo'linmasiga qaramay, u erda ofislar, do'konlar va restoranlar joylashgan.
- 18 Xelsinki velodromi (Velodromi / Velodromen), Mäkelänkatu 70 (Kumpula). 1940 yilda ochilgan va Xilding Ekelund tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan uning dizayni shuni ko'rsatadiki, bu Xelsinki Olimpiadasi uchun Ikkinchi Jahon urushi tomonidan qoldirilgan yana bir sport maydonchasi. Velosiped musobaqalaridan tashqari, o'rtadagi o'tloqlar bugungi kunda Amerika futboli va dala xokkey o'yinlarida foydalanilmoqda.
- 19 Olimpiya qishlog'i (Olympiakylä / Olympiabyn) (Käpylä). Marti Valikikas va Xilding Ekelund tomonidan 1940 yilga qoldirilgan Olimpiya o'yinlari uchun olimpiya sportchilarini joylashtirish uchun qurilgan binolar urushdan keyin uy-joy foydalanishga topshirildi. 1952 yilgi Olimpiada o'yinlarida qatnashgan sportchilar uchun tezda Kisakylä ("raqobatdoshlar qishlog'i") nomli yangi qishloq tezda funktsionalistik uslubda qurilgan.
- 20 Käpylä cherkovi (Käpylän kirkko / Kottby kyrka), Metsolantie 14 (Käpylä). Klassizmning ba'zi bir elementlari bilan 1930 yildan boshlab oq rangli funktsional bino, u Eero Ilmari Sutinen tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Cherkovning 22 quvurli organi 1977 yilda Bey Xen tomonidan cherkovning qolgan qismi bo'ylab ishlab chiqilgan.
Keyinchalik tashqariga
- 21 Tilkka, Mannergeymintie 164 (Pikku Xuopalaxti). 1918 yilda allaqachon bu erda harbiy shifoxona tashkil etilgan edi va Olavi Sortta tomonidan qurilgan oq bino o'zining juda ramziy yumaloq balkonlar to'plami bilan 1936 yilda qurib bitkazilgan edi. Markaziy harbiy shifoxona binoda 2005 yil oxirigacha faoliyat yuritgan va hozirgi kunda u qariyalar uyidir. .
Yana bir kuz oqshomi Xelsinki-Malmi aeroportida
- 22 Malmi aeroporti (Malmin lentoasema / Malms flygplats) (Malmi). 1936 yilda ochilgan aeroport Xelsinkining asosiy aeroporti sifatida uzoq vaqt xizmat qilmadi - 1952 yilda hozirgi aeroport ochildi va o'shandan beri Malmi umumiy aviatsiya sohasi sifatida xizmat qilmoqda. Aeroport binolari, ayniqsa terminal binosi, funktsionalistik me'morchilikning yaxshi namunasidir. U erda Xelsinki shahri aeroportni yopishni va ushbu hududda ko'p qavatli uylarni qurishni rejalashtirgan va haqiqatan ham aeroport 2017 yildan buyon Malmi aerodrom tashkiloti tomonidan milliy operator Finavia-dan farqli o'laroq nazoratsiz aerodrom sifatida ishlatilgan.
- 23 Kulosaari cherkovi (Kulosaaren kirkko / Brändö kyrka), Kulosaarentie 40. Bertel Jung va Armas Lindgren tomonidan 1935 yilda tugatilgan (1931 yilda allaqachon qo'ng'iroq minorasi), bu cherkov umuman funktsional bo'lmagan ba'zi elementlarni o'z ichiga oladi, masalan, toshlardan yasalgan taglik.
- 24 Pihlajameki (Ronnbacka). 1960-yillarning boshlarida qurilgan turar-joy tumani. Binolarning o'zi qat'iy ravishda funktsional bo'lmagan, ammo mamlakatdagi dastlabki plattenbau uslubidagi binolarni ifodalaganligi sababli, Olli Kivinen tomonidan rayonlashtirish rejasi "Finlyandiya sharoitida funktsionalistik shahar rejalashtirish tamoyillari" ni ifodalaydi.
Boshqa joyda Uusimaa
Espoo va Vantaa faqat 1950-yillarda o'sishni boshladi va ba'zi fabrikalardan tashqari ular asosan qishloq edi. Bunday yirik binolar funktsionalizmdan keyingi davrga to'g'ri keladi.
- 25 Westend. Tuman 1930 yillarda paydo bo'lgan birinchi uylar bilan boy turar-joy tumani sifatida qurilgan. Tuman Buyuk Britaniyaning va AQShning shu kabi tumanlari tomonidan majburan qabul qilingan va buni ta'kidlash uchun inglizcha nom tanlangan. Bu erda bir nechta me'moriy uslublar namoyish etilgan; taniqli funktsionalist villalar Liinasaarentie 5 (Olavi Numminen, 1938), Villa v Heiroth.
Ervi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Tapiola basseyn
- 26 Tapiola (Xagalund). Westendning shimolida joylashgan Tapiola 1950-yillarning oxiridan boshlab bog 'shahri sifatida ishlab chiqilgan. Zonalashtirish rejasining dizayneri Aarne Ervi bo'lib, u ko'plab binolarni turli xil modernistik uslublarda loyihalashtirgan. Tapiola suzish havzasi va Kino Tapiola kinoteatri funktsionalizm namunalari sifatida qaralishi mumkin.
- 27 Satomäki. Vantaa shahrining 1950-yillarda qurilgan birinchi ko'p qavatli uylaridan biri bu funktsionalistik printsiplarga muvofiq rejalashtirilgan. Tepalikning tepasida (Satomäki "yig'im-terim tepasi" degan ma'noni anglatadi) balandroq minoralar, pastroqda esa pastroq, ammo uzunroq uylar joylashgan. Dastlabki uylar Tauno Salo va Mayja Yoxanson tomonidan, Antero Markelin tomonidan rayonlashtirish rejasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.
- 28 Rajamaki cherkovi (Rajamäen kirkko) (Rajamaki shahri, Nurmijarvi). Alkoholiliike spirtli ichimliklar milliy monopoliyasi bo'lgan ushbu cherkov o'zining Rajamaki fabrikasi xodimlari uchun qurgan. Bu Erkki Xuttunen tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1938 yilda qurib bitkazilgan eng taniqli funktsionalistik cherkovlardan biridir. Klassik xususiyatlarga ega bo'lgan cherkovda bir nechta san'at asarlari - kabartmalar, freskalar va rasmlar mavjud.
Turku va atrof
Mashhur funktsionalist me'morlardan biri Erik Bryggman Turkuda yashagan va ishlagan va uning ko'plab binolari (ham funktsionalistik, ham boshqa uslublar) bu erda joylashgan. Alvar Aaltoning Finlyandiyaning eng qadimgi funktsionalistik binolari ham Turkuda joylashgan.
Paimio sanatoriysi, ehtimol kelajakda dunyo merosi ro'yxatiga kiradi
- 29 Paimio sanatoriyasi (Paimion parantolasi) (Paimio tashqarisida, Turkudan 30 km sharqda). Alvar Aalto tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va 1933 yilda qurib bitkazilgan sil kasalligi sanatoriysi. Ko'p yillar davomida binoda turli xil tibbiy xizmatlar ko'rsatilib kelinmoqda va 2014 yildan buyon bolalar va yoshlar uchun reabilitatsiya muassasasi bo'lib kelgan, ammo binoning hammasi ham foydalanilmayapti. . Bino YuNESKOnikidir taxminiy ro'yxat uchun Jahon merosi ob'ektlari.
- 30 Läntinen Pitkäkatu 20 (Västerlånggatan 20). Läntinen Pitkäkatu 20-dagi oq rangli turar joy binosi 1928 yilda Alvar Aalto tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. "Aaltoning standart ijara uyi" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan u shahar aholisi uchun mutlaqo yangi uy turini yaratmoqchi edi. Shuningdek, u binoning kvartiralari uchun mutlaqo yangi mebel liniyasini tasavvur qildi. Bu Finlyandiyaning birinchi funktsionalistik binosi sifatida qabul qilingan va shunga o'xshash binolarning birinchisi bo'lishi kerak edi.
- 31 Turun Sanomat binosi (Turun Sanomien toimitalo), Kauppiaskatu 5. Alvar Aaltoning olti qavatli binosi 1930 yilda shaharning eng yirik gazetasi - "Turun Sanomat" uchun tugatilgan bo'lib, u hanuzgacha ushbu binoda mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatishni davom ettirmoqda. Bino boshidanoq kvartiralarni o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, ulardan biri gazeta bosh muharriri uchun ajratilgan. Bino zamonaviy arxitektura tamoyillariga amal qiladi Le Corbusier bir necha yil oldin ustunlar tizimi, derazalarning gorizontal chiziqlari va tomning terasi.
- 32 Martin cherkovi (Martinkirkko / Martinskyrkan), Huovinkatu 5. Totti Sora va Gunnar Vahlros tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1933 yilda 450 yilligi munosabati bilan ochilgan Martin Lyuter. Soddalashtirilgan cherkov - Nordik klassitsizm va funktsionalizmning birlashishi.
- 33 Vasaramaki (Hammarbacka). Ushbu tumanda Erik Bryggman tomonidan cherkov jamoati binosi va turar-joy binolari kabi ba'zi funktsional binolar mavjud.
- 34 Tirilish cherkovi (Ylösnousemiskapelli / Uppståndelsekapellet), Xautausmaantie 21. Turku qabristonining o'rtasida, Vasaramäki janubida, xuddi shu me'mor tomonidan 1941 yilda tugatilgan, Tirilish cherkovi joylashgan. U atrof-muhit bilan birlashishi uchun yaratilgan bo'lib, uning ichki tomoni ham diqqatga sazovordir, chunki katta derazalar yoki aksincha shisha devor o'rmonni cherkovga olib keladi. Bino shuningdek qumtosh releflariga ega va Evropada kech funktsionalizmning eng yaxshi namunalaridan biri hisoblanadi.
Aaltoning Turku shahridagi funktsionalistik ishlaridan biri bo'lgan Janubiy-G'arbiy Finlyandiya qishloq xo'jaligi kooperativ binosi
- 35 Janubi-g'arbiy Finlyandiya qishloq xo'jaligi kooperativi binosi (Lounais-Suomen Maalaistentalo), Humalistonkatu va Puutarxakatuning burchagi. Aaltoning yana bir dastlabki funktsionalistik asarlari, 1928 yilda tugatilgan va ba'zi klassitsizm elementlarini o'z ichiga olgan. Bino ko'p maqsadlarda ishlatilgan; uy-joylar, madaniy va savdo-sotiq - masalan, yillar davomida bir nechta teatrlar uyda ishlagan. 2019 yildan boshlab binoda mehmonxona, kvartiralar va ba'zi restoranlar joylashgan. Xuddi shu blokda, Yliopistonkatu tomonida Betits Xospits va uning o'rtasida Betel cherkovi joylashgan. Birinchisi, Erik Bryggman tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan 1929 yilgi mehmonxona bo'lib, u dastlab italiyalik klassitsizm uslubida loyihalashni niyat qilgan, ammo nihoyat asosan Skandik mehmonxonasi joylashgan asosan funktsionalistik binoga aylandi. Cherkov 1906 yilda tugatilgan, ammo 1927 yilda Bryggman tomonidan rejalashtirilgan funktsionalistik qo'ng'iroq minorasi va zinapoyalar qo'shilgan. Xuddi shu blokda, shuningdek, klassik Atrium uyi Bryggman tomonidan yaratilgan yana bir asar.
- 36 Turku kontsert zali (Turun konserttitalo / Åbo konserthus), Aninkaistenkatu 9. 1952 yilda Risto-Veikko Luukkonen tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va shu vaqtdan beri 1790 yilda tashkil etilgan va dunyodagi eng qadimgi faol orkestrlardan biri bo'lgan Turku Filarmoniya Orkestrining uyi. Zal o'zining yaxshi akustikasi bilan mashhur bo'lib, uning ichki qismini akustika bo'yicha mutaxassis Paavo Arni rejalashtirgan. Zal, shuningdek, rok va pop konsertlari, konferentsiyalar va ko'rgazmalar uchun ishlatilgan.
- 37 Oq uy (Valkoinen talo / Vita huset). Gunnar Vahlroos tomonidan ofis binosi 1937 yilda qurib bitkazilgan. Birinchi ijarachi keyingi yili Wärtsilä bilan birlashtirilgan kemasozlik Crichton-Vulcan edi. 1970-yillarga qadar Turku kemasozlik zavodlari Aura daryosining yaqinida bo'lgan, keyin u shahar tashqarisidagi Pernodagi yirik korxonalarga ko'chib o'tgan va oxir-oqibat idoralar ham ergashgan. 2019 yildan boshlab binoda Elomatic muhandislik kompaniyasining shtab-kvartirasi joylashgan.
Turkuga avtobus yoki poezdda boradigan bo'lsak, funktsionalistik bino siz ko'rgan birinchi narsa
- 38 Turku avtovokzali (Turun linja-autoasema / Åbo busstation). 1938 yildagi avtobus bekati Xarald Smedberg va Totti Sora tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va hozirgacha foydalanishda. Uning yonida ilgari Esso va Shell yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchalari bo'lgan yana ikkita funktsional bino mavjud, ammo bugungi kunda mehmonxona (Hotelli Helmi) va Hesburger restorani joylashgan (bu Turku, axir!).
- 39 Turku markaziy temir yo'l stantsiyasi (Turun päärautatieasema / Åbo markaziy stantsiya), Ratapihankatu 37. Hozirgi Turku temir yo'l stantsiyasi 1940 yilda qurilgan va Martti Välikangas va Väinö Vähäkallio tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan. Ko'cha tomondan stantsiya biroz kattaroq shisha oynali, kirish eshigini o'rab turgan g'alabali kamarga o'xshaydi.
Finlyandiyaning janubi-sharqi
- 40 [o'lik havola]Kotka shahar hokimligi (Kotkan kaupungintalo), Kustaankatu 2 (Kotka). Olti qavatli ulkan bino bozor maydoniga qaragan (Kauppatori), bino Erkki Xuttunen tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1934 yilda qurilgan.
- 41 [o'lik havola]Metsola maktabi (Metsolan koulu), Allintie 9 (Kotka). Metsola atrofidagi boshlang'ich maktab, G. A. Vigstrem tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan va 1939 yilda tugatilgan. Urush paytida bino kasalxona sifatida xizmat qilgan. Hozirgi kunda bu erda 1-5 sinflarning 170 o'quvchisi o'qiydi.
- 42 Pioneeripuisto (Kuvola). Hozirgi Kouvolaning bir qismi bo'lgan Koria qishlog'idagi hozirgi Pioneeripuisto (lit. "Harbiy muhandislar parki") 1994 yilgacha Koria kazarmasi joylashgan. Kazarma Jahon urushidan oldin ham barpo etilgan edi, ammo ba'zi binolar keyinchalik funktsionalistik uslubda qurilgan, shu jumladan ofitserlar binosi (1927), muhandislik maktabi (1936, Olavi Sorta tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan), choyxona (1938, loyihalashtirilgan Elsi Borg) va oshxona (1959).
- 43 Kino Aula, Valtakatu 39 (Lappeenranta). Sobiq kinoteatr 1938 yilda qurib bitkazilgan. 1960-yillarda televizor biznesni foydasiz holga keltirganda, bu uy rolikli konkilar zali va diskoteka sifatida ishlatilgan, ammo oxir-oqibat u yana kinoteatr sifatida foydalanishga topshirilgan. Kino-Aula va uning yonidagi Nuijamies kinoteatrlari 2010-yillarda yana rentabellik bilan kurashdilar va 2016 yilda Finnkino ikkalasini sotib oldi, deyarli darhol yopib qo'ydi va stullar va jihozlardan bo'shatdi. 2019 yildan boshlab ular buzilib tashlanishi yoki boshqa maqsadlarda ishlatilishi aniq emas.
- 44 Lapinjarvi o'quv markazi, Latokartanontie 97 (Lapinjarvi). Sjokulla Manor hududida 1939 yilda ichkilikbozlarni qayta tiklash markazi sifatida to'rtta funktsional binolar qurib bitkazildi, ammo Ikkinchi Jahon urushi boshlanganda binolar harbiylar tomonidan kasalxona va kazarmalar sifatida ishlatildi. Keyinchalik, u haqiqatan ham o'z maqsadi uchun ishlatilgan va 1990-yillarda qochqinlarni qabul qilish markazi sifatida ishlatilgan. 1998 yildan beri binolar bir qismi bo'lgan Siviilipalveluskeskus, fuqarolik xizmatini ko'rsatadiganlar uchun ta'lim markazi (vijdonan voz kechganlar uchun harbiy xizmatga alternativa).
Vyborg va Kareliya
1930-yillarda funktsionalizmning gullab-yashnagan davrida Vyborg Finlyandiya shahri va eng muhimlaridan biri edi. Shunday qilib, shaharning sharqiy qismida, asosan Pantsarlahti deb nomlanuvchi tumanda bir nechta funktsional binolar qurildi. Aalto kutubxonasidan tashqari, ular hozirgi kunda juda yaxshi holatda emaslar.
Hankkija Viipuri ofisida bo'yoq ishlatilishi mumkin ...
- 45 Viborg kutubxonasi, Prospekt Suvorova 4. Vyborg kutubxonasi Alvar Aalto tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 1935 yilda uning eng taniqli asarlaridan biri bo'lgan. Sovet davrida u qayta ta'mirlanib, oxir-oqibat mablag 'etishmasligi sababli parchalanib ketgan. Nihoyat, 2000-yillarda kutubxonani 2013 yilda qurib bitkazish bo'yicha katta loyiha amalga oshirildi. Endi bu shaharning eng diqqatga sazovor joylaridan biri.
- 46 Hankkija ofisi, Ulitsa Danilova 7. 1932 yilda Erkki Xuttunen tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan ushbu bino, qishloq xo'jaligi uskunalari va texnikalarini sotadigan Hankkija kompaniyasi uchun Viipuri idorasi va ombori sifatida qurib bitkazildi. Hozirgi kunda ushbu bino atrofdagi binolar bilan birgalikda rus harbiylari tomonidan ishlatilmoqda.
- 47 Ettinchi kunlik adventistlar cherkovi, Sadovaya Ulitsa / Kamennyi pereulok. 1935 yilda V.Rautiainen tomonidan adventistlar cherkovi uchun ibodat xonasi sifatida qurilgan va hanuzgacha xuddi shu maqsadga xizmat qiladi.
- 48 SOK tegirmoni, Morskaya Naberejnaya 3. 1932 yilda Erkki Xuttunen tomonidan SOK uchun tegirmon va omborxona sifatida ishlab chiqilgan (Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta, lit. Markaziy Finlyandiya kooperativ jamiyati). Ushbu bino Viborg non kombinati sifatida ishlab chiqarilgan non zavodi sifatida qurilgan va undan foydalanishda davom etmoqda.
- 49 OTK markaziy ombori, Morskaya Naberejnaya. 1936 yilda Georg Jägerroos tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan OTK toptancısı Viipuri ombori (Osuustukkukauppa, lit. Cooperative Wholesalelesler).
- 50 Karjala sug'urta kompaniyasi binosi, Leningradskoye shosse 7. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida Olli Poyry loyihasi bilan qurilgan va 1943 yilda qurib bitkazilgan, bu Finlyandiyaning qurilishi tugagan paytdagi eng baland turar-joy binosi edi. Bu erda Karjala sug'urta kompaniyasi joylashgan va Vyborgning osmono'par binosi sifatida tanilgan. Urushdan keyin u birinchi qavatda do'konlari bo'lgan turar-joy binosi bo'lgan.
- 51 Aptekachi Yäskeläinenning villasi (Apteekkari Jääskeläisen huvila) (Sortavala yaqinida). Pauli Blomstedt tomonidan Xelsinki aptekachisi Tauno Yäskelayenen uchun dam olish uyi sifatida ishlab chiqilgan va 1937 yilda tugatilgan. Hozirgi kunda rus rassomlari uchun rassomlar uyi.
- Shaharlarida Sortavala, Priozersk (Käkisalmi) va Svetogorsk (Enso) Finlyandiya vaqtidan boshlab ba'zi funktsional binolarni topishingiz mumkin.
Tampere
Tampere temir yo'l stantsiyasining tungi ko'rinishi
- 52 Tampere temir yo'l stantsiyasi (Tampereen rautatieasema), Rautatienkatu 25. Eero Seppälä va Otto Flodin tomonidan Hämeenkatu tomon yo'naltirilgan ramziy katta to'rtburchak oynali g'ishtli temir yo'l stantsiyasi 1936 yilda ancha kichikroq eski vokzal o'rnini bosgan. Bir yil o'tgach, shimoliy qanotning tepasiga Aulis Blomstedtning 36 m balandlikdagi soat minorasi qo'shildi. Binoning o'zi atrofdan farqli o'laroq ko'p yillar davomida o'zgarmadi.
- 53 Bishopning qarorgohi (Piispantalo), Pyynikintie 9. Pispantalo, yepiskopning uyi - Tampere yepiskopining qarorgohi va Gunnar Vahlrosning 1937 yildagi asari. Bu mamlakatdagi eng katta yepiskopning qarorgohi va cherkov, kutubxona va konferents zallarini o'z ichiga oladi. E'tiborga molik tafsilot - bu kiraverishdagi Pyhinvaeltajat ("ziyoratchilar") relyefi.
- 54 Tampere rassomlar uyi (Ateljeetalo), Hälläpyöränkatu 3-5. 1961 yilda tugatilgan "atelye uyi" - bu kech funktsionalizmning namunasi va Olavi Suvitie va Taito Uusitalo tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Shahar va Tampere rassomlar tashkilotiga tegishli bo'lib, u 10 ta atelyedan iborat bo'lib, ko'cha tomonidagi turar-joy binosiga va bog'dan qaralganda jamoat binosiga o'xshaydi.
- 55 Keskiputous gidroelektr stantsiyasi (Keskiputouksen voimalaitos), Satakunnankatu 13 b. Tampere Tammer tezkor qismida Nasyjarvi va Pyhäärvi ko'llari oralig'ida tashkil etilgan va "Finlyandiya Manchester" sanoatini energiya bilan ta'minlash uchun Rapidda bir nechta gidroelektrostantsiyalar qurilgan. "O'rta tezliklar" elektr stantsiyasi 1932 yilda Bertel Strömer tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan qurilgan funktsionalistik uslubda qurilgan. Zavod xuddi shahardagi ko'plab an'anaviy sanoat binolari singari qizil g'isht bilan qurilgan.
Tuotannon talo, Hämeenkatu funktsional binolaridan biri
- 56 Xatanpää kasalxonasi (Hatanpään sairaala), Xatanpäänkatu 24. Xatanpää tumanidagi shifoxona ikkita binodan iborat bo'lib, ularning yangisi Bertel Strömer tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan va 1935 yilda qurib bitkazilgan. Bino bir necha bor kengaytirildi va hozirgi kunda 21-asr me'morchiligini aks ettiruvchi katta shisha burchakka ega.
- 57 Xatanpää o'rta maktabi (Hatanpään lukio), Haapakuja 5. Xatanpää o'rta maktabi Rantaperkie tumanida, Strömer tomonidan qurilgan binoda joylashgan.
- 58 Tullintori. 1990 yilda hozirgi shaklini olgan Tampere markazidagi savdo majmuasi, ammo asosiy qismi SOK kooperativi uchun qurilgan 1930 yildagi funktsional bino.
- 59 Nekala maktabi (Nekalan koulu), Kuokkamaantie 16. Sariq funktsionalistik binoda joylashgan boshlang'ich maktab, 1931 yilda tugatilgan.
- 60 Hämeenkatu bo'yidagi binolar. Hämeenkatu, asosiy ko'cha, bir nechta funktsional binolar bilan o'ralgan. Sharqdan, temir yo'l stantsiyasining qarama-qarshi tomonida, Emmaus Hotel, hozirda Scandic Hotels tomonidan boshqariladi. Bino Bertel Strömmer va Heikki Tiitola tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan bo'lib, 1936 yilda qurib bitkazilgan. Hämeenkatu 10 da Georg Vägerroos tomonidan qurilgan Voima kooperativi joylashgan. Tammerkoski Rapids bo'ylab, Hämeenkatu 15-da Tempo uyi uchun Strömer tomonidan 1939 yilda qurilgan Tempo uyi joylashgan. Keyin Hämeenkatu 26da Tuotannon talo (lit. "Ishlab chiqarish uyi"), Tuotanto kooperativining idorasi. 1914 yildagi ushbu bino Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidagi bomba hujumida zarar ko'rgan va 1941 yilda Bertel Strömer tomonidan taxmin qilinganidek, funktsionalistik bino sifatida qayta qurilgan.
Satakunta
- 61 Lamellikasarmi (Kankaanpää). Niinisalo garnizonida ba'zi harbiy funktsionalizm mavjud. 1935 yildan Kalle Lehtovuori tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan kazarmalardan biri (Lamellikasarmi) va 1937 yildagi kasalxona funktsionalistik uslubda qurilgan. Bu harbiy hudud bo'lgani uchun binolarga ham bu kabi tashrif buyurish mumkin emas. Finlyandiya garnizonlari muddatli harbiy xizmatga chaqiriluvchilar yiliga ikki marta ochiq kunlar o'tkazadilar (odatda fevral va avgust oylarida), yilning boshqa paytlarida siz shimoliy darvozadan Lamellikasarmini ko'rishingiz mumkin va agar siz armiya bilan bog'lanishga urinib ko'rsangiz. ular sizga ruxsat berishadi.
Nakkila va uning cherkovining havodan ko'rinishi
- 62 Nakkila cherkovi (Nakkilan kirkko), Kirkkokatu 4 (Nakkila). Designed by Erkki Huttunen and finished in 1937, the church in Nakkila was the first functionalist church building in the country. As such, when finished it was radically different from other churches, which created some controversy.
- 63 Terassitalo, Alvar Aallon tie 4 (Kauttua village, Eura). This 1938 building by Alvar Aalto was an apartment building for the management of the A.Ahlström paper factory and ironworks in Kauttua. Around the same time, Aalto also designed Villa Mairea in Noormarkku (part of Pori) for Harry Gullichsen, the CEO of the A.Ahlström conglomerate and his wife Maire, but that building incorporated several different styles from functionalism to traditional Japanese architecture.
- 64 Pori railway station (Porin rautatieasema), Asema-aukio 3. Finished in 1937 after a design by Thure Hellström, this is one of a few functionalist railway stations in the country. It's a yellow two-story building with offices on the second floor. The benches in the waiting hall are still the original ones, and similar in design to the benches in Kuopio railway station (also a functionalist station).
Pori boasts a very functionalist outdoor swimming pool
- 65 Open air pool in Pori (Porin maauimala), Metsämiehenkatu 8. Pitched in the National City Park of Pori (Porin kansallinen kaupunkipuisto), this is together with Helsinki's swimming stadium, it's one of the best examples of functionalism meeting outdoor swimming. The pool was opened in 1957 after a design by Yrjö Lindegren. There's a big pool and two childen's pools, seating for 500 spectactors, and the place is open not just in the summer – but also in the winter for ice swimming!
- 66 Pori old shortwave station (Porin lyhytaaltoasema). The former shortwave radio station was built after a design by Hugo Harmia in Väinölä district to broadcast the 1940 Olympics around Europe and further away, but the war postponed the Olympics and the station's first use was sending wartime propaganda by Valtion tiedotuslaitos (lit. Governmental Information Bureau) in multiple languages. After the war it served as the main international broadcasting station for Finnish radio, providing Finnish-language content to for instance expatriates and seamen all over the world, as far as Australia. In 1987, operations were moved to new facilities in Preiviik west of the city. The old building is used by a car club and as a cultural center, and the building has reportedly not been well taken care off.
- 67 Hotel Raumanlinna, Valtakatu 5 (Rauma). A hotel and restaurant finished in 1933 by Erkki Huttunen, now operated by the Best Western chain. It also has a big nightclub which is the city's prime concert venue. At the time of completion, it also served as the Rauma headquartets of the right-wing Suojeluskunta militia organization, which was disbanded after World War II.
- 68 Hotel Vanha Rauma, Vanhankirkonkatu 26. Another functionalist hotel building in Rauma, next to Kalatori (the fish square) in Vanha Rauma (Old Rauma). It was designed as a store by the SOK's construction department and finished in 1937. Since the 1980s it's been a hotel, operating under different names.
Kanta-Häme va Päijät-Häme
- 69 Riihimäki railway station (Riihimäen rautatieasema). Like many important railway stations, the one in Riihimäki was expanded multiple times to deal with the growing number of passengers in the early 20th century, until a new bigger one was built in 1935 after a design by Thure Hellström, the main station architect of the national rail company at the time. This station building is still in use.
- 70 Vesilinna, Salpausseläntie 14 (Riihimäki). The "water castle" of Riihimäki was finished in 1952, and was the last of Erik Bryggman's buildings to be finished during his lifetime. As the name reveals it's a water tower, though the water tank takes up just a fifth of the building's volume – the rest is office space, and the building has also housed adult education classrooms. On the top of the 30 m high building there's a café and an observation deck with views to Hyvinkää in good weather conditions.
...in Hämeenlinna, on the other hand you can stay overnight in a functionalist building
- 71 Hotel Aulanko, Aulangontie 93 (Hämeenlinna). In the 1930s the Aulanko Hill and surroundings just north of Hämeenlinna was developed into a tourist attraction and a place for going out, with a modern hotel and restaurant as its centerpiece. The building was finished in 1938 and designed by Märta Blomstedt and Matti Lampén. The opening of the hotel was a grand event attended by the Finnish "Who's Who" of the day, and the hotel is still in business today (and has been expanded over the years).
- 72 Finnish sports academy (Suomen urheiluopisto), Urheiluopistontie 400 (Vierumäki, Heinola). Finnish athletes of all sports — summer and winter, team and individual, professionals and amateurs come here to practice and compete. The main building is designed by Erik Bryggman, and the academy moved there in 1937 when it was finished after being based for a few years in Pälkäne and Kiviniemi (current Losevo in Russia). Vierumäki features facilities for a range of sports from ski jumping to golf.
- 73 Lahti old bus station (Lahden vanha linja-autoasema), Jalkarannantie 1. Lahti's old bus station was finished in 1939 according to a design by Kaarlo Könönen. Nowadays intercity buses stop at the new transport interchange next to the railway station, whereas the old station hosts a grocery store and a restaurant.
- 74 Hämeenlinna bus station (Hämeenlinnan linja-autoasema), Eteläkatu 1. Hämeenlinna bus station was designed by Olavi Sahlberg and finished in 1958, and is still where passengers get on and off buses in the city. Nevertheless, in 2017 the city presented plans to have a new bus station built and turn the old building into a market hall.
- 75 Forssa bus station (Forssan linja-autoasema), Vapaudenkatu 4. Another comparatively new functionalist building, also finished in 1958, by Yrjö Mykkänen, and is still used as a bus station. It went through a major renovation in 2014, so it's likely that it will still be used as a bus station for years to come.
- 76 Forssa theater (Forssan teatteri), Torikatu 8. Designed by Toivo Paatela and finished in 1939, first as a local headquarters for the militia organization Suojeluskunta (disbanded after WWII). The city theater has functioned in the building since it was founded in 1980.
Finnish Lakeland
Kannonkoski church, a notable building at the time of construction
- 77 Kannonkoski church (Kannonkosken kirkko), Kirkkotie 13 (Kannonkoski). Designed by Pauli E. Blomstedt, who however didn't live to see it finished in 1938 — his wife Märta and brother Aulis, both architects, finished the design. During its construction a model of it was presented on the 1937 World Fair in Paris. The church is said to remind of an ocean liner sailing in the middle of a rural landscape.
- 78 Muurame church (Muuramen kirkko), Sanantie 7 (Muurame). The first church to be completed after a design by Alvar Aalto, representing a transition in style from classicism to functionalism. It was finished in 1929, and also features some elements from Italian church architecture that Aalto picked up during a trip to Italy.
- 79 Suolahti church (Suolahden kirkko), Katvelankatu 1 (Suolahti). This church, described as representing late functionalism was finished in 1940 and designed by Georg Henriksson.
- 80 Varkaus Central Church (Varkauden pääkirkko), Savontie 3. The yellow central church of Varkaus was built in 1939 and designed by Martti Paalanen. The church is most notable for its altar fresco, which is the biggest in the Nordic Countries.
- 81 Kuopio railway station (Kuopion rautatieasema), Asemakatu 1. Like the functionalist stations in Pori and Riihimäki, this too was designed by Thure Hellström together with Jarl Ungern and finished in 1934.
- Eino Pitkänen who designed many functionalist buildings in Kajaani, also designed some apartment buildings in Kuopio.
- 82 Wanha Jokela, Torikatu 26 (Joensuu). The "Old Jokela" building opened in 1939, and featured the Hotel and Restaurant Jokela, and the Kino Karjala movie theater. It was designed by Aulis E. Hämäläinen, an architect who created many functionalist buildings that got destroyed during WWII. The restaurant that closed in 2012 was the last business to operate in the building, it has since been empty.
- 83 North Karelia Central Hospital (Pohjois-Karjalan keskussairaala), Tikkamäentie 16 (Joensuu). A 12-floor building by Jussi Paatela finished in 1953, this was the first "central hospital" (provincial hospital) in Finland. The 45 meter high building is on top of a ridge and as such visible from far away.
- 84 Naissaari (Jyväskylä). Naissaari, an island in the Vaajakoski district of Jyväskylä has a two functionalist buildings by the cooperative SOK's architect Paavo Riihimäki, finished in 1934. They were built as a club house for the management, and as a residence for the CEO of SOK's candy factory (since the 1960s known under the Panda brand).
- 85 Rautpohja district (Jyväskylä). A subdistrict of Mäki-Mattila, where in the years 1938–1940 a total of 14 functionalist apartment buildings for employees, as well as residences for the management of the State Artillery Factory (Valtion tykkitehdas) were built here.
In addition, the districts of Wessmanninmäki, Hupeli and Tourula of Jyväskylä have some notable functionalist residential buildings.
Northern Finland
Winter view of Kauppakatu, Kajaani's main street
- 86 Kajaani shahar markazida. Eino Pitkänen is credited with largely designing modern Kajaani, with many buildings in functionalist style. His main job was designing buildings for Kajaani Wood Goods Joint Stock Company (Kajaanin Puutavara Osakeyhtiö). In the 1930s there weren't so many architects up there, so he also got to design public and commercial buildings including the central school (Kajaanin keskuskoulu) and many buildings along the main street Kauppakatu.
- 87 Koskikara, Brahenkatu 5 (Kajaani). Designed by Pitkänen as the home of the CEO of the Kajaani company and finished in 1941, this three-floor building is one of the most notable in central Kajaani. The company was a major player in the forest and paper industry back in the day, and several prominent guests dined here with the CEO, including president Kekkonen and the Soviet general secretary Brezhnev. From 1998 to 2019, a restaurant operated in the building, but as of late 2019 there are plans to turn it into an apartment building.
- The Kajaani company also built and operated some hydroelectric power plants built in the region, they too were designed by Pitkänen. The Katerma (Kuhmo) and Koivukoski (central Kajaani) plants are good examples of functionalist plants.
- Further northwest Aarne Ervi designed several hydroelectric power plants in the Oulu River, together with adjacent housing areas; Monta, Pälli and Pyhäkoski plants in Muhos and Jylhä and Nuohua plants in Vaala.
- 88 Lumijoki town hall (Kunnantalo (Lumilinna)), Kunnankuja 1. Quite an unusual functionalist building in many ways, built in wood, located in a small town and serving as a town hall. It was finished in 1938 and first used as the local headquarters for Suojeluskunta, and nowadays the town hall.
- 89 Oulu central school (Oulun keskuskansakoulu), Saaristonkatu 22. Former school, finished in 1934 after a design by Kaarlo Borg. Like many public buildings, it served as a military hospital during WWII. It continued to be used as a school until the 1970s, then as a health center until 2015. Now the building is disused and the city plans to sell it.
- 90 Weckman house (Weckmanin talo), Kirkkokatu 26 (Oulu). It was built as a residence for a business tycoon in 1902. It was remodelled by Eino Pitkänen in 1935-37 to its current functionalist look. It served as headquarters for the Oulu paper plant, and is nowadays a private school for Oulu's Swedish community.
- 91 Kontinkangas hospital (Kontinkankaan sairaala), Kajaanintie 46 (Oulu). The first part of Kontinkangas hospital was finished in 1937 and designed by Uno Ullberg, and the hospital was completed during WWII. Having served as Oulu's main hospital for decades, it's nowadays a rehab center and geriatric hospital, part of a cluster of hospitals in the Kontinkangas district.
Päivärinne sanatorium
- 92 Päivärinne sanatorium (Päivärinteen parantola) (Päivärinne village, Muhos). Built as a tuberculosis sanatorium in 1930-32 after a design by the architect brothers Jussi and Toivo Paatela, as tuberculosis became less prevalent, it has served as different types of hospital over the years. Since 2001 the building has been a rehab center for drug users and psychiatric patients.
- 93 Länsi-Pohja central hospital (Länsi-Pohjan keskussairaala), Kauppakatu 25 (Kemi). Another hospital in Northern Finland, built in the 1930s in line with the style of the time – functionalism. The building was finished in 1940 according to a design by Uno Ullberg, and expanded with new wings in 1971 and 1987 in the same style. It's still the central hospital for Kemi.
- 94 Chapel at Peurasaari graveyard (Peurasaaren hautausmaan kappeli) (Kemi). The cemetery was established in 1897, the chapel by Matti Pitkänen just before Christmas 1937. For being a functionalist building it does have some additional ornaments, most notably the pattern on the walls just below the roof.
- 95 Hotel Pohjanhovi, Pohjanpuistikko 2 (Rovaniemi). The first version of the hotel was designed by Märta and Pauli Blomstedt and opened in 1936. It was a state-of-the-art hotel with, for example, the first elevator and electrified kitchen in Finnish Lapland, warm water in all rooms and two restaurants. The Germans blew it up at the end of WWII, but a new hotel was built already in 1947, designed by Aulis E. Hämäläinen. The grand old hotel of Rovaniemi, many prominent guests have stayed here over the years. Today it's operated by Scandic Hotel.
- 96 Sevettijärvi Orthodox church, Sevettijärventie 9065 (Sevettijärvi). Designed by Ole Albert Gottleben and finished in 1951, this simple wooden church was first a prayer room (chasovnya), and after a renovation in 1992 it was designated a church.
Shuningdek qarang
- Le Corbusier World Heritage – the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier was one of the inspirators of the style functionalism. Some of his works around the world have been listed as world heritage sites by UNESCO.
- Functionalist buildings are also prevalent in the other Nordic countries, Denmark in particular. In Central Europe, the Czech Republic is a good place to spot functionalist buildings.