Kraaynem ning chetida joylashgan munitsipalitetdir Bryussel Ma'muriy jihatdan tegishli bo'lgan poytaxt viloyati Flaman Brabant. U qishloq qishlog'idan boshlangan, ammo Bryusselning kengayishi 20-asr davomida Kraaynemning tez sur'atlarda urbanizatsiyasiga olib keldi va munitsipalitet evrokratlar va chet elliklar uchun mashhur turar joyga aylandi.
Tushuning
Tarix
Dastlabki tarix
Kraaynemning dastlabki tarixi haqida, qishloq xo'jaligi ishlari paytida topilgan bir necha litik asarlaridan tashqari, kam narsa ma'lum. Stokkel va Janubiy Kraaynemning urbanizatsiyasi paytida 1928 yilda chegara yaqinida katta miqdordagi eksponatlar topilgan. Sankt-Pieters-Voluve. Ushbu topilmalar mezo va neolitiklarga tegishli.
Rim turar-joylarining qoldiqlari 18-asrning oxirida topilgan va bir paytlar Rim villasi hozirgi shahar hokimligi joylashgan joyda turgan. Sifatida tanilgan Villa Krenxemva Kraainemga ismini berdi. Afsuski, klassik qoldiqlarning hech biri saqlanib qolmagan. Ma'lumki Villa Krenxem XI asrgacha bo'lgan, 1003 yildan boshlab cherkov ham ustavlarda qayd etilgan: crainham villa cum ecclesia. The Keulsebaan Romanni bog'lab, Kraaynem orqali o'tadi Bryussel ga Kyoln, ularning qismlari bugungi kunda qolmoqda.
Hozirgi Kraainems hududining ko'p qismida birinchi ming yillikda odamlar yashamagan. Kraaynemning shimoliy shaharlashgan hududi, Baland Kraaynem, hozirgi kunda Jurdain qal'asi deb nomlanuvchi shahar atrofida joylashgan Franklar sudidan rivojlandi. Bu 9-asrning birinchi yarmida bir nechta uy-joy bilan o'ralgan istehkomdan biroz ko'proq edi. 1771 yildagi xaritada Kraaynemning baland va past hududlar o'rtasidagi tarixiy bo'linishi ko'rsatilgan: g'arbda ilgari istehkomlar ustiga qurilgan cherkov, sharqda esa ko'plab qishloq uylari va bir nechta kichik uylar. Qo'rg'onlar qanday ko'rinishga ega bo'lganligi noma'lum, ammo cherkovning g'arbiy qismida ikki sakkiz qirrali xandaq qoldiqlari kuzatilishi va 1836 yilgacha taniqli bo'lib qolishi mumkin edi. Yuqori Kraaynemning rivojlanishi bu yadro bilan XIX asrga qadar cheklangan bo'lib qoldi. 1830 yilda o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada atigi 15 ta uy bor.
Kraaynemning not-g'arbiy qismida ikkinchi urbanizatsiya yadrosi joylashgan, Kam Kraaynem. Undan ko'ra aholi zichroq bo'lgan Baland Kraaynem, ammo unchalik katta ahamiyatga ega emas edi, chunki unda High Kraainems cherkovi va mudofaa istehkomlari yo'q edi. Low Kraainem, Maalbekning quyi qismida joylashganligi uchun muhim edi Voluve. Qishloq xo'jaligi maqsadlarida suv quvvatidan foydalanish uchun 1397 yilda suv tegirmonlari qurilgan va ushbu tegirmonlar atrofida turar joy yadrosi o'sgan. 1427 atrofida Sankt-Entoni ibodatxonasi qurilgan bo'lib, savdogarlar maydon bo'ylab o'tib ketishgan Keulsebaan. 14 va 15 asrlarda Laag Kraainem iqtisodiy jihatdan gullab-yashnagan, ammo 1850 yilga kelib Sent-Entoni ibodatxonasi yana yo'q bo'lib ketgan. Jozef Van Xovestraat va Jef. Thumasstraat Low Kraainemning eng qadimgi ko'chalari.
Stokkel Kraaynemning uchinchi yashash joyi bo'lib, 12-asrda Voluve abbatligining bir qismi sifatida kichik aholi punktidan kelib chiqqan. Abbey tuproqning unumdorligini ta'minladi, shu bilan qishloq xo'jaligi va u erda aholi punktini rivojlantirishga imkon berdi. Stokkeldan janubda joylashgan hudud, hozirda turar-joy mahallasi, XIX asrga qadar o'rmon bo'lib qolgan va ovdan daromad manbai bo'lgan.
19-asrda
19-asrning oxirida Stokkel bilan tramvay aloqasi paydo bo'ldi BryusselHozirgi kunda ham 92-tramvay sifatida mavjud. Yaxshilash imkoniyati Stokkelni jadallashtira boshladi, shimoliy Kraaynem esa qishloq xususiyatlarini saqlab qoldi. Oxirigacha Ikkinchi jahon urushi, faqat 2 ta asfaltlanmagan yo'llar Low va High Kraainem-ni Stokkel bilan bog'lab turar edi va ular yiliga bir necha oygina foydalanishga yaroqli edi.
Vheras Stokkel shaharlashgan, shimoliy Kraaynem asta-sekin rivojlanib, 19-asr boshlarida sanoatlashgan. Kraaynemda qog'oz fabrikalari O'rta asrlardan beri mavjud bo'lib, 1830 yilda Belgiya mustaqilligidan yangi poytaxtni etkazib berish uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi. Bryussel gazetalar bilan. 1892 yilga kelib u yuzta hunarmand bo'lgan yirik sanoat majmuasiga aylandi. Don fabrikasi va pivo zavodi ham majmuaning bir qismi edi. Bugungi kunda Kraaynem hali ham ushbu tarixning mevalarini bermoqda va Belgiyaning eng boy munitsipalitetlaridan biri hisoblanadi.
1860 yildan boshlab Bryusseldagi monumental qurilish loyihalari burjuaziyani poytaxt shahridan quvib chiqardi va ko'pchilik Stokkel atrofida boshpana topdi, bu unga rivojlanish va uning boyligining katta qismini berdi.
Zamonaviy Kraainem
Keyinchalik yo'llar tarmog'ini takomillashtirish Birinchi jahon urushi Kraaynemning sanoat ahamiyatini bosqichma-bosqich pasayishiga olib keldi va 1932 yilga kelib barcha tegirmonlar yopildi va buzib tashlandi. Bugungi kunda ushbu sanoat merosining juda oz qismi saqlanib qolmoqda, chunki undan keyin sanoat maydonlari turar joy sifatida qayta tiklandi Ikkinchi jahon urushi Shimoliy Kraaynem va Stokkel o'rtasidagi aloqalar o'rnatilgandan so'ng, keyinchalik shimoliy Kraaynem tezlashtirilgan urbanizatsiya boshlandi. Kraaynem aholisi 1920 yildagi 1739 kishidan 1947 yilda 3330 kishiga etdi.
1927 yildan boshlab Stokkelning janubidagi hudud keyingi uy-joy qurilishining markaziga aylandi. Ning hali ham bir qismi Sonian o'rmoni o'sha paytgacha Kraaynemning janubiy yarmida yo'llar qurilgan va ko'p o'tmay birinchi villalar qurilgan. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi Janubiy Kraaynemning rivojlanishini vaqtincha to'xtatdi, ammo 1950-yillardan boshlab o'rmonlarning kesilishi jadallashdi va 1967 yilga kelib bu erni butunlay urbanizatsiya qildi. Kraaynemning janubidagi eng so'nggi qismida Sonian o'rmonining ozgina qismi saqlanib qoldi. U munitsipalitetni qishloq xo'jaligi, o'rmon xo'jaligi va savdo-sotiqdan doimiy ravishda turar joy markaziga o'tkazdi. Kraaynem deyarli butunlay shaharlashgan, garchi Kraaynemning shimoliy yarmida bir nechta o'tloqlar qolgan.
20-asrning ikkinchi yarmida Kraaynem a dan o'zgargan Flamancha shaharni xalqaro hamjamiyatga aylantirish. Migratsiya Valon Kraaynemda istiqomat qiluvchi fuqarolar unga tobora aralashgan shahar aholisini berishdi, unga yaqin Bryusselda Evropa institutlari tashkil etilgandan so'ng evrokratlar qo'shildi.
Yo'nalish
Sharqida joylashgan Bryussel va shimolda Tervuren, Kraainems hududi qum soatining shakliga ega, eng tor nuqtasida kengligi atigi 160 m. U g'arbiy va shimoliy tomondan Kraaynemga kesib o'tadigan ko'plab magistral yo'llar bilan yaralangan. Kraaynemning shimolida Maalbek daryosi vodiysida, asosan, tekislik bo'lib, markazga va janubga qarab uning relyefi tepalikka aylanadi.
Tumanlar
Kraaynemda har biri alohida xarakterga ega bo'lgan 5 ta tuman mavjud.
| Kam Kraaynem Voluve vodiysi atrofida va uning atrofida joylashgan Kleine Maalbeek Voluve daryosiga qo'shiladigan tarixiy savdo markazi. Bir paytlar Low Kraainemga boylik keltirgan qog'oz fabrikalari, don fabrikasi yoki pivo zavodi, shu jumladan sanoat homiyligidan hech narsa qolmagan, ammo 18-19 asrlarda ko'plab fermer xo'jaliklari va uylar uning boy iqtisodiy tarixining dalili sifatida mavjud. |
| Baland Kraaynem 9-asrda tashkil etilgan Kraaynemning tarixiy markazi. U qal'a va mashhur Avliyo Pankras cherkovi atrofida qurilgan, ammo faqat cherkov qolgan. Bu neoklassik shahar zali va ko'plab madaniy binolar bilan Kraaynemning hozirgi ma'muriy markazi. |
| Markaziy Kraaynemning eng tez rivojlanayotgan tumani, gullab-yashnayotgan tijorat korxonalari va ko'p qavatli uy-joylar. Faqatgina bir qator o'tloqlar va fermer xo'jaliklari Kraaynemning qishloq xo'jaligi tarixini eslatadi, va davom etgan urbanizatsiya bosimi ostida ochiq joylar tezda orqaga chekinmoqda. |
| Stokkel Dumon maydoni atrofida qimmatbaho kvartiralar bilan jihozlangan turar-joy va tijorat tumani va son-sanoqsiz butiklarga ega yirik savdo tumani. |
| Janubiy Kraaynem hududining deyarli yarmini egallagan va soliq tushumining katta qismi uchun mas'ul bo'lgan turar-joy tumani. U chegaradosh Sonian o'rmoni janubda, a  YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati. |
Til
Mavjudligi Evropa institutlari Bryusselda 1980-90 yillarda immigratsiyaning ikkinchi to'lqini paydo bo'ldi, Kraainemning tinch turar joylari va qulayligi Evropa Ittifoqi tomonidan qadrlandi NATO mansabdor shaxslar. Immigrantlarning katta oqimi asl Flaman aholisining aksariyat qismini almashtirdi va Kraaynem 1960 yildan boshlab frankofonga aylandi va Kraaynemda istiqomat qilayotgan ko'plab ekspatlar natijasida 1990-yillardan boshlab to'liq tilli bo'lib qoldi. Aholining ozgina qismi hali ham Flaman tilida gaplashmoqda, frantsuz tili de facto lingua franca. Ko'pgina aholi, ayniqsa, yosh avlod ingliz tilini ham yaxshi tushunadi.
Kraaynemda til hali ham muhokama qilinadigan nozik mavzudir, ayniqsa keksa avlod vakillari ko'p madaniyatli bo'lishni istamaydilar va uy-joy narxining ko'tarilishi va jinoyatchilikning ko'payib ketishiga frankofon va evropalik muhojirlarni ayblashadi. Aholi odatda mavzuni jamoatchilik oldida muhokama qilishdan qochishadi va munozarada pozitsiyani tutmaslik tavsiya etiladi, chunki bu janjal boshlanishi mumkin.
Iqlim
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Shimoliy dengizga yaqinligi Kraaynemga yumshoq dengiz iqlimi beradi. Harorat yilning ko'p qismida 4 ° C dan 20 ° C gacha.
Qishda, shamol esganda bir necha ketma-ket sovuq kunlar tez-tez uchraydi Skandinaviya pastga tushadigan harorat. Qor kamdan-kam uchraydi va kuniga maksimal bir necha sm gacha cheklanadi, shuning uchun qishda Kraaynemga tashrif buyurganingizda qor botinkalarini olib kelish shart emas. Asosiy yo'llar munitsipal xizmat tomonidan tezda ta'mirlanadi, ammo ikkinchi darajali yo'llar kech tushgacha silliq bo'lib qolishi mumkin. Rasmiy ravishda taqiqlanmagan bo'lsa-da, Jourdain parkidagi suv havzalarida muz bilan konkida uchishga urinmaslik kerak, chunki muz kamdan-kam hollarda kattalar vazniga etarlicha qalin bo'ladi.
Yozda harorat vaqti-vaqti bilan 20 ° C dan oshib, tepaliklari 35 ° C gacha ko'tariladi. Harorat 30 ° C dan oshganda, mahalliy aholi issiqdan boshpana izlaydi va ijtimoiy hayot biroz sekinlashadi (restoranlarda yoki barlarda sekinroq xizmat ko'rsatish, kam ta'minlangan jamoat xizmatlari va boshqalar) Bir necha ketma-ket issiq kunlar momaqaldiroq bilan tugaydi bo'ron va mo'l-ko'l yomg'ir. Issiq kunlarda ozon uchun xavfsiz chegaradan oshib ketishi mumkin, bunda jismoniy kuchlarni minimallashtirish tavsiya etiladi. Factor 50 quyoshdan saqlaydigan krem yozda tavsiya etiladi va uni Carrefour Planet, Delhaize yoki Colruyt kabi har qanday supermarketda xarid qilish mumkin. Issiq to'lqinlar va qurg'oqchilik paytida aholini musluklar suvini behuda sarflashiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun vaqtincha suvdan foydalanishga cheklovlar qo'yilishi mumkin. Masalan, qurg'oqchilik davrida suzish havzalarini to'ldirish, transport vositalarini yuvish yoki suv bog'larini to'ldirish taqiqlanishi mumkin. Shu bilan birga, sayyohlar ushbu vaqtinchalik xususiyatga ega bo'lgan qoidalarni rasmiy ravishda bilishlari kutilmaydi va shuning uchun qo'lga tushganda politsiya tomonidan jarimaga tortilishi mumkin emas.
Kraaynemning iqlimi yil davomida nam, yil vaqtidan qat'i nazar, har qanday vaqtda yomg'ir yog'ishi mumkin. Tashrif buyuruvchilar soyabon, suv o'tkazmaydigan ko'ylagi yoki hech bo'lmaganda xalta ichida zaxira kiyimlarini olib yurishlari kerak. Ob-havo tezda o'zgarishi mumkin, ertalab bulutsiz osmon tushdan keyin yomg'irga aylanishi mumkin va aksincha, tashrif buyurganingizda ham issiq, ham yomg'irli kunlarni o'tkazishga tayyor bo'ling. Sharqdagi qo'shnidan ko'ra ko'proq ichki bo'lish, Bryussel, Kraainem odatda yozda biroz issiqroq, qishda esa sovuqroq Bryussel.
Turistik ofis
- 1 Turistik ofis, Artur Dezangrelaan 17, ✉[email protected]. Kraainem Town Hall-dagi turistik ofis. Yurish va velosipedda yurish uchun bepul xaritalar, shuningdek jamoat transporti tizimiga chiptalar taqdim etiladi. Ozod.
Chiqinglar
Metro orqali
Kraaynemga etib borishning eng oson yo'li bu metro, stantsiyadan tushish 1 Kraaynem 
(chiziqdagi ikkinchi so'nggi stantsiya 1 Weststation-Stokkel). Sayohat vaqti taxminan 20 minut 2 Bryussel markaziy stantsiyasi.
Tramvay orqali
Tramvay 92 tomonidan boshqariladi Bryussel transport kompaniyasi MIVB Markaziy Kraaynemni g'arbdan sharqqa kesib o'tadi, tushing 3 stantsiya Wilderozen.
Samolyotda
Kraainem, shuningdek, aeroportni ulashadi (BRU IATA) bilan Bryussel, shimol tomonda joylashgan. Taksi 4 Bryussel milliy aeroporti Kraaynemga 22 evro turadi.
Avtobusda
Ko'p sonli avtobus yo'nalishlari va tramvay liniyasi Kraaynemdan o'tadi. Avtotransport vositalaridagi logotipni kuzatib boring, chunki Kraaynemda 3 ta kompaniya avtobuslar ishlaydi va ularning chiptalari mos kelmaydi. Shunday qilib, siz sayohat qilayotgan kompaniya uchun chipta olishga ishonch hosil qiling. Agar shubhangiz bo'lsa, avtobus haydovchisidan yo'nalishni so'rang.
Bryusselning MIVB transport kompaniyasi ikkita yo'nalishda ishlaydi, 76 (yo'nalish Oppem) va 77 (yo'nalish Hippodroom), ular ham to'xtaydi metro bekati.
Mashinada
Magistral yo'llarga yaqinligi (E40 va R0), agar siz uni ijaraga olishni xohlasangiz, uni mashinada osonlik bilan bosib o'tishga imkon beradi, ammo shov-shuv paytida (07: 00-09: 30 va 16: 00-18: 00) har kuni katta tirbandliklar eng ko'p falaj qiladi Bryusselni o'rab turgan magistral yo'llarning, shuningdek, Bryussel va Leuven.
Atrofga boring
Zamonaviy Kraainem yaxshi rivojlangan yo'l tarmog'iga ega bo'lgan turar-joy ko'rinishiga ega. U butunlay xaritaga tushirilgan OpenStreetMap, bu, ehtimol, sayyohlik idorasi tomonidan taqdim etilgan rasmiy xaritalarga qaraganda ancha dolzarbdir. Kraainem mukammal 3G qamroviga ega (shuningdek qarang Ulanmoq) lekin tarmoqli kengligidan ortiqcha foydalanish va xarita ma'lumotlarini oqimlash bilan bog'liq xarajatlarni oldini olish uchun Kraainem xaritasini oldindan yuklab olish va mobil qurilmada oflayn rejimda ko'rish tavsiya etiladi.
Oyoqda
Uning umumiy maydoni 5,8 km² dan faqat shimoliy yarmi va markazi turistik ahamiyatga ega, janubi esa diqqatga sazovor joylari bo'lmagan turar joylardir. Yaxshi ko'chma xarita yordamida bir kunda Kraaynemdan piyoda o'tish mumkin. Ko'pgina tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun boshlanish va tugash nuqtasi bilan tsikl qilish eng qulay bo'ladi Kraainem metro bekati. Metro stantsiyasidan Grensstraatga qadar sharqqa piyoda, keyin Kapellelaangacha oxirigacha piyoda boring. Kapellelaan bo'ylab ketayotganingizda, Salesian monastiriga duch kelasiz va yo'lning narigi tomonida, 't Kapelleke. Jef bilan kesib o'tguncha ko'plab tarixiy fermer xo'jaliklari va fermer uylari bilan Jozef van Hovestraat bo'ylab harakatlaning. Siz to'g'ri olib boradigan Low Kraainem shahridagi Thumasstraat. Jefga ergashing. Burchakdagi Eski ijara uyiga qadar Thumasstraat, keyin o'ng tomonga o'ting va High Kraainemga etib borguningizcha Oudstrijderslaan-ni o'ng tomoningizdagi Ekler parki bilan kuzatib boring. Kraainem shahar zalida chap tomonga avliyo Pankras cherkoviga, so'ngra High Kraainem tarixiy aholi punktiga boring. Darvozadan o'ting, Steenweg op Zaventem tomon chapga buriling va Jourdain parkidagi suv havzalari bo'ylab yurib, Eski vikaraj va Jurdain qal'asidan o'ting. Vredesplaats / Konining Astridlaan tomon yurishni davom eting, u erda Tinchlik yodgorligini kesib o'tasiz. Sanoat merosi yodgorligi yonidan o'tib, Groenstraat bilan kesib o'tguncha Koningin Astridlaanga ergashing. Keyingi chorrahada, Buvier-Washer Cité yonidan o'ngda Jyul Adantstraatga buriling, so'ngra Wezembeeklaan bilan kesishishda o'ngga buriling va Kraainem Metro stantsiyasigacha yurishingizni davom eting. Butun tur 2 dan 5 soatgacha davom etadi, bu sizning turli xil diqqatga sazovor joylarda o'tkazgan vaqtingizga bog'liq.
Jamoat transportida
Kraainemni avtobus liniyalari kesib o'tadi (316 va 352 dan De Lijn), tramvay liniyasi 92 Stokkel orqali o'tadigan va metro liniyasi 1 Stokkel va Kraainem bilan bog'lanish Bryussel. The 1 Kraainem metrosi stantsiya - bu metro va avtobus liniyalari o'rtasida tranzit stantsiyani vazifasini bajaradigan mahalliy transport uzeli va avtobus terminali Flamancha transport kompaniyasi De Lijn, Bryussel transport kompaniyasi MIVB va Valon transport kompaniyasi TEC. Har bir kompaniyaning o'z chiptalari bor, ularni boshqa kompaniyalar qabul qilmaydi. Siz har bir avtobusda chiptalarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri haydovchidan sotib olishingiz mumkin, ammo ular oldindan sotib olishdan ancha arzonroq. Sayohatchilar narxlarni to'lash uchun javobgardir, haydovchilar sizning chiptangizning haqiqiyligini tekshirmasligi mumkin, ammo agar siz chiptasiz ushlanib qolsangiz (zwartrijden Gollandiyada) siz 150 evrogacha katta jarimalar kutishingiz mumkin. Mahalliy transportdan tashqari, Kraainem metrosidan ko'plab uzoq masofali murabbiylar ham jo'nab ketishadi, ammo bunga oldindan bron qilish va chiptalar kerak.
Jamoat transportida sayohat qilishni rejalashtirishning eng oson usuli - bu onlayn marshrutni rejalashtirish vositalaridan foydalanish. Eng yaxshi rejalashtiruvchi - bu milliy temir yo'l kompaniyasidir NMBS. Agar sizga tanish bo'lsa Google xaritalari, Tranzit funktsiyasidan sayohatingizni rejalashtirish uchun ham foydalanish mumkin.
Velosipedda
Kraaynem tog'li relyefga ega, Maalbek vodiysidagi eng past joy dengiz sathidan 40 m dan bir oz pastroq, eng baland joyi 120 m. Yaxshiyamki, moyilliklar kamdan-kam tik bo'lib, velosipedda qulay transportni ta'minlaydi. Bryusseldan farqli o'laroq, gavjum transportda velosiped tajribasi talab qilinmaydi; avtoulovlar ko'p bo'lgan bir necha xiyobon va chorrahalarda velosiped yo'llari ajratilgan. Ko'pgina mahalliy aholi o'zlarining velosipedlariga egalik qilishadi va bu transportning eng keng tarqalgan turlaridan biridir. The 2 Villo velosiped ijarasi tizimi Kraainem metro stantsiyasiga yaqin ijara stantsiyasi bilan Kraainem-da ham mavjud. Velosipedlar juda og'ir, ammo sifatli va ijaraga kuniga 1,60 evrodan boshlanadi, birinchi soatdan keyin yarim soat uchun 0,50 evro. Velosipedni ijaraga olish uchun debet yoki kredit karta talab qilinadi, chunki chipta sotish mashinasi naqd pulni qabul qilmaydi.
Qarang
9-asrdan boshlangan Kraaynemning boy tarixi uning zamonaviy Kraainemga tarqalgan ko'plab diqqatga sazovor joylarini qoldiradi. Ko'pgina diniy va qishloq xo'jaligi tarixiy binolari saqlanib qolgan va ularni ziyorat qilish mumkin. E'tibor bering, tarixiy turar joylar va fermer xo'jaliklarining aksariyati xususiy shaxslardir va yaqindan ko'rib chiqishni uning aholisi buzgan deb hisoblashlari mumkin. Biroq, iltimosga binoan, ko'pchilik egalar quvonch bilan sayyohlarga ekskursiya qilishadi va tarixni batafsil muhokama qilishadi. Salesian monastiri bundan mustasno, quyidagi barcha diqqatga sazovor joylarga jamoat transporti orqali erishish mumkin.
Madaniyat va me'morchilik
- 1 Avliyo Pankras cherkovi (Sint-Pankratiuskerk), Artur Dezangrelaan 20/2, ☏ 32 2 720 02 61, ✉[email protected]. Sa 17: 00-19: 00, Su 10: 00-12: 00. Kraaynemdagi eng qadimgi bino - Avliyo Pankras cherkovi XII asrda paydo bo'lgan. Qalinligi 1,7 metrgacha bo'lgan devorlari bo'lgan ulkan rim minorasi, ehtimol, harbiy vazifani bajargan. Dastlab cherkov minoraga qo'shilgan va oddiy to'rtburchaklar shaklga ega bo'lgan. 13-14 asrlarda cherkov tarkibiga shimoliy qanot qo'shildi. Affligem abbatligining moliyaviy yordami bilan kichik xor XVI asrda Gothic xoriga aylantirildi. 18-asrga qadar cherkovga kirish janubiy devorning kichik eshigi bo'lib, uning yon tomoni endi Kraaynem shahar hokimligiga qaragan. Taxminan 1720 yilda kirish minoradagi hozirgi barok darvozaga ko'chirildi. 1170 yildan boshlab cherkov jiddiy o'zgarishlarga duch keldi: assimetrik tartibdan voz kechildi va shu egarning tomiga uchinchi qism qo'shildi. Hozirgi marosim, minbar va ikkita taniqli shaxs ham qo'shildi. Ichki makon dastlab cherkov uchun mo'ljallanmagan mebellar bilan yaxshilandi: organning kelib chiqishi hanuzgacha sir bo'lib qolmoqda va 1873 yilda Bryussel cherkovidan har biri 100 frankdan ikkita qurbongoh sotib olingan. 19-asrning oxirida cherkov neo-rumincha uslubdagi to'liq o'zgarishlardan qochib qutuldi va uning o'rniga antiqa ichki makonning katta qismini saqlab qolgan Jyul Van Yendikning kamtarona dizayni tanlandi. 1984 yilda ruhoniy Vanzulpele xor ustidagi kamarda depressiyani kuzatdi va 2012 yilda nihoyasiga etkazilgan tiklash ishlari ketma-ketligini boshladi. Hozirgi ichki makon 1770 yilgi ta'mirdan so'ng ichki makonga asoslangan. Cherkov atrofidagi qabriston endi ishlatilmayapti. va faqat binoning tarixiy qiyofasini saqlashga xizmat qiladi. Diniy marosimlar hali ham cherkovga tashrif buyurish mumkin bo'lgan shanba va yakshanba kunlari o'tkazilmoqda. Ozod.
- 2 Baland Kraaynem (Xog-Kraaynem), Steenweg op Zaventem 54. 9-asrda franklar istiqomat qilgan High Kraainem-dagi birinchi uy-joy faoliyatining yaxshi saqlanib qolgan qoldiqlari. Mahalliy qumtoshda barpo etilgan, lekin oq devorlar bilan bo'yalgan bir-biriga bog'langan uylar va fermer xo'jaliklari majmuasi Sankt-Pankras cherkovi va Jurdain qal'asi o'rtasida joylashgan. Tarixiy jihatdan cherkovning hozirgi joylashgan joyidan g'arbda joylashgan qal'a haqida dalillar mavjud, ammo u 14-asrning oxiriga kelib buzib tashlandi, chunki u strategik ahamiyatini yo'qotdi. 1397 xaritasi faqat xandaklar joylashgan joyni bildiradi (fossa kastri), ular oxir-oqibat to'ldirilgan va qayta joylashtirilgan. Bugungi kunda qal'aning mavjudligiga oid biron bir aniq dalil qolmagan. 14-asrdan 19-asrgacha High Kraainem kichik aholi punkti bo'lib qoldi: 1830 yilda Belgiya mustaqillikka erishgan paytda Oliy Kraaynemda atigi 15 ta uy hisoblangan. Ozod.
- 3 Eski vikaraj (Oude pastorie), Pastoorkesweg 1, ☏ 32 2 720 63 46. 1652 yilda qumtosh va qizil g'ishtlarning poydevori bilan qurilgan vikaraj. O'rnatilgan davr uchun xos bo'lgan kamonli eshik va shiferli tom, qayta tiklash harakatlaridan omon qolgan. U 1906 yilgacha Artur Dezangré prospektidagi hozirgi shahar zali yonida yangi vikaraj qurilganiga qadar vikaraj sifatida ishlatilgan. Bino 1976 yilda me'moriy meros sifatida tan olingan va 1990 yilda qayta tiklangan. Vikarajning qiziqishlaridan biri bu egar tomi ostidagi minorada yashiringan kichik mexanik bir kishilik liftdir, lekin u yillar davomida ishlamay qolgan. Binoda Maksim Kollinning restorani joylashgan.
- 4 Jurdain qal'asi (Jourdainkasteel), Kasteelweg 4-6. Qal'a 1771 yilda hujjatlashtirilganidek bir nechta sabzavot bog'lari bilan o'ralgan U shaklidagi fermer xo'jaligi sifatida qurilgan. 1846 yilda ferma maydoni kengaytirilib, g'isht devor bilan o'ralgan va yopiq xo'jalik maydoniga aylangan (vierkantshoeve). Ombor ham qo'shilgan, ammo 20-asrning oxirida buzib tashlangan. Uni 1883 yilda shifokor Delphin Gaillard atrofdagi park bilan birga sotib olgan. U 18-asr xo'jaligi maydoniga o'zining zamonaviy qal'asi ko'rinishini berib, an'anaviy uslub elementlariga e'tibor qaratdi: g'ishtdan yasalgan toshlar, oq qumtoshning burchaklari, zinapoyalar, kichik minoralar va Xitoy pagodasiga o'xshash tom. So'ngra qal'a va park Viktor Jourdain-ga sotilib, uning ismini qal'aga bergan va 1980 yilda mulk Kraainem munitsipalitetiga o'tkazilib, binoni tiklagan va jamoat markazi sifatida foydalangan. Oxirgi restavratsiya 2003 yilda ko'tarilishga qo'shilgan paytdan boshlanadi. Qal'a vaqti-vaqti bilan madaniy tadbirlar uchun jamoatchilikka ochiladi va Flamand me'moriy merosi deb tasniflanadi. 1990-yillarning oxirigacha u katta verandani egallagan floristni qabul qildi. Bolalar fermasi joylashgan dam olish maskanlari qasrni bolalar bilan birga mahalliy oilalarning diqqatga sazovor joyiga aylantiradi.
- 5 Salesian monastiri (Klooster van de Visitatie), Xevronlaan 5. Sotuvchilarning buyrug'i 1610 yilda Frantsiyadagi Annisiga yaqin joyda Janne de Shantal va Sotish bo'yicha Frensis tomonidan tashkil etilgan bo'lib, u o'z nomini buyurtmaga bergan. 1667 yil 12-fevralda Bryusselda monastir - keyinchalik Janubiy Gollandiyaning bir qismi tashkil etilgan edi, ammo tartibning muvaffaqiyati vaqt o'tishi bilan juda o'zgaruvchan edi va 19-asrning birinchi yarmida Bryusselda deyarli yo'q bo'lib ketdi. 1845 yil 21-noyabrda ikkinchi marta boshlash yanada muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va hatto bir asr o'tmay, buyurtma berish uchun asl joy juda kichik edi. 1876 yilda tug'ilgan va diniy arxitektura bo'yicha ixtisoslashgan me'mor Pol Bellotga Bryussel tashqarisida joylashgan yangi monastirni loyihalashtirish vazifasi topshirildi. O'shanda hali ham Kraaynem qishloqi tanlangan edi, chunki uning tepasida boshqa binolar yo'q edi va eng yaqin aholi punkti past Kraaynem edi, unga faqat tor asfaltlangan yo'l (hozirgi Kapellelaan) kirish mumkin edi. Qurilish 1928 yilda boshlangan va 1930 yil oxirida u qurib bitkazilgandan so'ng, monastir mashhur ziyoratchilarga aylangan. Kichik bo'lib boshlangan va asta-sekin kengaytirilgan Belgiyadagi shunga o'xshash monastirlardan farqli o'laroq, etarli joy va byudjet mavjudligi 1928-1930 yillarda butun maydonni bir vaqtning o'zida qurishga imkon berdi. Shunday qilib, barcha binolar bir xil uslub elementlarini namoyish etadi, ularning aksariyati tipik edi Pol Bellotning dizaynlari uchun: Zandvoorde shahridan (Belgiya qirg'og'i yaqinidagi Oostende yaqinidagi munitsipalitet) polixromli g'ishtlar va konstruktiv va dekorativ maqsadlarda betondan keng foydalanish. Art deco va g'isht modernizmi ta'sirini qurilishning barcha jabhalarida kuzatish mumkin. Faqatgina binolarning ko'chalarga qaragan tomonlari (Kapellelaan va Hebronlaan) bezatilgan (masalan, kirish eshigi ustidagi Madonna haykali), ichki qo'riqxonaga, bog 'va bog'larga qaragan tomonlari hech qanday bezaklarga ega emas. Arxitektura va bezak darajasi binolardagi xonalarning dastlab mo'ljallangan maqsadini ochib beradi, bu xususiyat deyiladi me'morchilik parlanti. Fasadlar ham ierarxik tarzda bezatilgan bo'lib, cherkov eng muhim va shu bilan tuzilishning eng keng qismi hisoblanadi. Ichki makon O'rta asr monastiriga o'xshaydi, arab va mozarabiya san'atining uslub elementlari mavjud. Pol Bellot tomonidan yoritishni eng muhim narsa deb hisoblagan va shuning uchun derazalar bezatilgan joylarni jazolamasdan, ular mo'ljallangan xonalarni yoritish uchun etarlicha katta. Uyda ham, tashqarida ham asl yog'ochga ishlov berishning ko'p qismi saqlanib qolgan, bu emanning ichki eshiklari va zinapoyalaridan dalolat beradi. Monastir bugungi kunda ham foydalanilmoqda va Belgiyadagi yagona Salesian monastiri bo'lib qolmoqda. Odatda tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun ochilmaydi, bron qilish majburiydir. Monastirga Low Kraainem-dan Yozef van Hovestraat va undan keyin Kappellelaan tepaligidan o'tib borish mumkin.
- 6 't Kapelleke, Annecylaan 1. Cherkov deb nomlangan kapelleke mahalliy aholi tomonidan (tom ma'noda, cherkov) Jozef van Hovestraat, Lijsterbessenbomenlaan, Bossstraat va Kapellelaan kesishgan joyda joylashgan. 1932 yilda qurilgan paytda, hozirgi joy atrofida hech qanday bino yo'q edi va Jozef van Xovestraatdan tashqari barcha ko'chalar asfaltlanmagan yo'llar edi. 1932 yilga kelib, o'tish Laag Kraainem turar-joy massivining kengayishi va Kapellelaan bo'ylab Salesian monastirining 1928-1930 yillarda 1 km uzoqlikda qurilishi tufayli tobora muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi. Keyingi yillarda yana ko'plab ko'chalar qo'shilganligi sababli aylanma yo'l transportni cherkov atrofidan uzoqlashtirish va asl yo'llarni saqlab qolish uchun qurilgan. Cherkov Kraaynemning eng diqqatga sazovor joylaridan biri bo'lib, qo'shni bolalar bog'chasi va boshlang'ich maktab tufayli mahalliy bolalar tomonidan tanilgan. Cherkov to'liq binolar bilan o'ralgan va shu sababli o'zining haqiqiy ko'rinishini yo'qotgan. Jozef van Xovestraat tepaligidan 5 daqiqalik piyoda yurib, Low Kraainem-dan osongina o'tish mumkin. Ozod.
- 7 Yahudiylar qabristoni (Joods kerkhof), Kerxoflaan. 1930 yilgacha hozirgi qabristonning maydoni Wezembeek Edvard De Burburening qal'a parki uchun bog 'sifatida mavjud edi. 20-asrning birinchi yarmida Kraainemning tez kengayishi bilan Sankt-Pankras cherkovi atrofidagi qabriston zarur imkoniyatlardan mahrum bo'ldi va kattaroq qabristonga ehtiyoj sezildi. Hudud 1933 yilda Kraaynem munitsipaliteti tomonidan sotib olingan va keyingi yili 2 ta xizmat ko'rsatish binolari qurilishi bilan qabristonga aylantirildi. Qabristonning janubiy kirish qismida kichik maydon urush qurbonlari va faxriylarga bag'ishlangan. Katta qismi yahudiylar jamoatiga tegishli bo'lib, 1946 yilda qurilgan va keyinchalik 1959 yilda kengaytirilgan. Ko'plab qabrlar Breendonk kontslagerining qurbonlari. Fashistlarning noma'lum qurbonlariga bag'ishlangan yodgorlik yodgorligi bu hududga qaramaydi. Qabriston High Kraainem-dan 15 daqiqalik masofada joylashgan. Ozod.
- 8 Tinchlik maydoni (Vredesmonument), Vredesplein. Ikki jahon urushida mahalliy qurbonlar uchun yodgorlik maydoni. Maydon va uning yodgorligi 1930 yilda qurilgan bo'lib, unga qo'shni Qirolicha Astrid xiyoboni High Kraainem va Stokkel o'rtasidagi aloqa sifatida o'ylab topilgan. 1930 yilgacha hozirgi joyda bino yoki yo'l yo'q edi. Yodgorlik qurilishiga rahbarlik qilgan Viktor Demanet tomonidan imzolangan. Keyinchalik matn bilan birga Ikkinchi Jahon urushi xotirasiga oid yozuvlar qo'shildi gij hebt den dank verdiend van 't vaderland (siz vatan minnatdorchiligiga loyiqsiz). Yodgorlik ochilishi qirol Albert I tomonidan amalga oshirildi. Ozod.
Sanoat merosi
- 9 Kam Kraaynem (Laag-Kraaynem), Jozef van Hovestraat, Molenstraat, Jef. Thumasstraat. Past Kraaynem Senu shahrining yon daryosi Voluve daryosi vodiysida joylashgan va Kleyn Maalbek (Wezembeek va Sterrebekdan tashkil topgan) Woluwega qo'shilish nuqtasida topilgan. Voluve va Kleyn Maalbekning tarixiy traektoriyalari ko'plab ko'llar va botqoqlar bilan ajralib turardi, ammo ular 19 va 20 asrlarda asta-sekin yo'q bo'lib ketishdi. Low Kraainem uy-joy markazi asosan Jozef Van Hovestraat (ilgari Kerreweg, Steenstraete va Crainhemstraete, ammo 1914 yilda Kraainem mayori bo'lgan Jozef Van Hove nomi bilan o'zgartirilgan), Molenstraat va Jefdan iborat edi. Thumasstraat. E40 viyaduk va Voluve xiyoboni qurilishi bilan tarixiy markazning katta qismi vayron qilingan va Yozef Van Xovestraat ikki yarmida kesilgan. Ko'pgina tarixiy binolar saqlanib qolgan: 18-asrning an'anaviy qishloq xo'jaligi maydoni. 90-92 va 1739 yildagi fermer uyi. 86. Ikkalasi ham o'sha paytlarda mavjud bo'lgan tramvay liniyasi tomonidan rag'batlantirilib, hududda erta uy-joylar qurilishining rivojlanishining dalilidir (Statieplaats degani stantsiya maydoni golland tilida). Boshqa tarixiy me'morchilikni nr-da topish mumkin. 1, 5, 7B, 20, 15-21, 37, 78-82 va 115. Ozod.
- 10 Old Lizing uyi (Oud Paxtof), Jef. Thumasstraat 16. Low Kraainem-ni High Kraainem va Sterrebeek bilan bog'lab turadigan tramvay yo'nalishi bo'ylab joylashgan Lizing uyi Low Kraainem va High Kraainem-da qishloq xo'jaligi ob'ektlarining markaziy ro'yxatga oluvchisi bo'lib xizmat qilgan deb taxmin qilinadi. Funktsiya 19-asrdan boshlangan, deyarli barcha dehqonchilik erlari yirik er egalarining mulki bo'lgan va dehqonlar erni faqat hosilning bir qismi evaziga ijaraga olishlari mumkin edi. Bino XVII asr oxiridan boshlangan, ammo u bir necha bor ta'mirlangan. Kraaynem kengashining yig'ilishlari, ehtimol, ushbu shahar hokimligi 1867-1868 yillarda qurilgan paytgacha bo'lib o'tdi. Lounge bar binoda joylashgan.
- 11 Sanoat merosi yodgorligi (Hattoki), Koningin Astridlaan 183. 24/7. Yodgorlik 19 - 20-asrlarda Kraaynemning boy sanoat merosini yodga soluvchi uchta ulkan parchadan, bitta yog'och va ikkita alyuminiydan iborat. Voluve va Klein Maalbekdan suv ta'minoti va yaqin atrofdagi Sonian o'rmonidan o'tin etkazib berish sababli ideal tarzda joylashgan Low Kraainem-da ish bilan ta'minlash uchun qog'oz fabrikalari tarixiy ahamiyatga ega. Qog'oz fabrikalari, don zavodlari va pivo ishlab chiqaradigan keng sanoat majmualaridan bugungi kunda hech narsa qolmagan. Yodgorlik Rayner Gross tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va 2000 yilda ochilgan. Tepalikdan Stokkel tomon 15-20 daqiqa yurib, baland va past Kraaynemdan osongina o'tish mumkin. Shu bilan bir qatorda, 352 avtobusga o'ting va tushing Koningin Astrid. Ozod.
- 12 Bouvier-Washer Cité (Bouvier-Washerwijk), Bouvier-Washerstraat 13. 24/7. The Cité, built between 1920 and 1923, was envisioned as a social residential complex for veterans from the Birinchi jahon urushi who returned from the front line with disabilities. The chlorine gas used as chemical weapon in the early stages of the war in particular turned out to be rarely deadly because it was dispersed in the air, but caused irreversible damage to the lungs of many unprepared soldiers. For the first time in history, large numbers of veterans thus returned home with permanent breathing problems, a disability preventing reintegration in the labour market. At the end of the First World War in 1918, Belgian social security was unprepared to cope with this new phenomenon, and the Association sans but lucratif au profit des mutiléls de guerre (Association for the benevolence of war mutilated individuals) was founded to construct cheap social housing for the victims. Many such social cités were constructed in Kraainem, the Bouvier-Washer Cité was among the first. The architecture is typically regional: red brick facades alternating with brightly painted surfaces, abutments to the corners of walls, anchors and plaits, etc. The neighbouring Korenbloemstraat served the same purpose but was added 10 years later between 1930 and 1932. Many buildings have been modified, but the authentic looks were preserved in Korenbloemstraat no. 28. The Cité is still used as a residential area today, as houses were sold or passed on to heirs after the original veteran inhabitants died. A 20- to 25-min walk from High Kraainem, follow Koningin Astridlaan direction Stokkel until the crossing with the Wezembeeklaan, then take left. Alternatively, take bus 352 direction Kraainem Metro and get off at stop Koningin Astrid. Ozod.
Bog'lar va tabiat
- 13 Jourdain Park (Jourdainpark). 24/7. The area east of the High Kraainem residential complex, at the time along the curvy road that connected Kraainem with Wezembeek, was purchased in 1883 by doctor Delphin Gaillard. The park only came to existence in 1899 when successive owner Victor Jourdain, who gave his name to the park, added 8.5 ha of marsh and woodland to the area before the start of the First World War in 1914. After his death in 1918, his heirs added the large ponds along the Kleine Maalbeek to the park, an addition of 4 ha. This included a watermill, which used the largest of the two ponds as a reservoir. The park consisted of the current ponds, but also a vegetable garden and orchard. A large portion of the park was sacrificed for the construction of highway R0 in 1973. From then on, the park was governed by the Kraainem municipality. As of today, the park hosts a large variety of rare and exotic plants and trees, including Platanus x hispanica, Tilia platyphyllos, T. tomentosa, Aesculus hippocastanumva Sequoiadendron giganteum. Ozod.
- 14 Eclair Park (Eclairpark), Oudstrijderslaan 87. 24/7. A small park in Low Kraainem, the counterpart of the Jourdain park in High Kraainem. Willow trees are the symbol of Kraainem, and the willow tree of the Eclair park is one of the last remaining, after the iconic willow tree in front of the Saint Pancras Church was chopped during the renovation of the church in 2011. The pond is fed by a small spring, which used to be a source of fresh water for the inhabitants of Low Kraainem, but due to ground water contamination, the spring water is no longer suitable for human consumption. The pond drains into the Kleine Maalbeek, which in turns merges into the Woluwe 200 m further. The pond is a rich biome, as evidenced by the countless water plants in and around it. The pond also functions as flood water storage. A small recreation area makes the park a popular destination for families with young kids in Low Kraainem. Ozod.
- 15 Old Tram Track (Oud tramspoortje). 24/7 (but lighting off after 23:00). Trajectory of a historic tram track connecting the royal palace in Laken with the king's summer residence in Tervuren (now it's the Africa museum). Only a fraction of the historic track is in use, the remainder converted into a long stretched park reaching from Kraainem to Oudergem. Used by students of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel as bicycle highway to reach the Etterbeek campus. Beautiful trajectory, crossing the border between Flanders and Brussels. Approximate length is 8 km. To return by metro, take line 5 in Oudergem towards Erasmus/Erasme and change for line 1 towards Stokkel/Stockel at Merode. Not recommendable in rainy weather. Ozod.
- 16 Sonian Forest (Zoniënwoud). 24/7. The Sonian Forest, covering an area of ca. 4400 ha, is the largest and best preserved remnant of the historical Silva Carbonaria, commonly known as the charcoal forest, that in the 4th century still stretched from Thuin ga Bryussel. It has a large geomorphological value because significant sections on the Loess plateau had never been felled in history, thus retaining the characteristics of a primeval forest. The highest point reaches 133 m above sea level. The source of the IJse is in the centre of the Sonian Forest, and its trajectory spawned countless ponds, creeks and marshes. Archaeological evidence of human activity in the Sonian Forest has been traced back to neolithic remains over 5000 years old. Remains of iron ore smelters from the Carolingian era have also been found. It is presumably under the reign of Charles the Great (768-814) that the Sonian Forest got split off from the Silva Carbonaria and developed an independent fauna and flora. Ostida Avstriyalik reign in the 18th century, thousands of beech trees were planted, which is still visible today. From the 18th century onwards, the forest saw increasing economic importance: several monasteries and priories were built in and around it, and the countless ponds served to provide them with a supply of fish whereas the forest itself had a hunting ground function. Nearly nothing of these buildings remains today, but the intense network of droveways reveals their historic locations and importance. Ostida Frantsuzcha rule, from 1794 to 1814, the Sonian Forest was nationalised, and large areas were felled for economic reasons. After the Belgian independence of 1830, parts of the forest were sold off to individuals to fill the new country's treasury, but in 1843 it became property of the state. The first half of the 19th century brought new disaster to the forest, however, when in 1832 the General Society (Société Generale) started the construction of roads that cut the forest in smaller pieces. A railway connection between Brussels and Terhulpen was constructed in 1854, further dividing the forest. Keyin Ikkinchi jahon urushi, the roads were significantly widened and paved, then later upgraded to the highways that still exist today, and are part of the Brussels Ringway R0. The lack of tunnels or bridges make them a significant barrier for the fauna in the forest: foxes, boars, frogs, toads, deers, and budgerigars. Although only a tiny fraction of the Sonian forest is in Kraainem, the forest has become very popular with locals for recreation purposes. The Sonian Forest is a
YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati. The forest offers excellent opportunities for hiking, Nordic walking, jogging and cycling. Fishing or camping are not allowed, however. The forest can be reached from the Kraainem centre with bus 316 direction Leuven (get off at Middenlaan) or explored by Villo bike (see Atrofga boring). Ozod. 
- 17 Markaziy Park, Koningin Astridlaan 274 (Take bus 352 or 316, get off at stop Koningin Astrid). 24/7. A small park near the geographic centre of Kraainem, hence its name. Adjacent to the famous Bouvier-Washer Cité, it offers visitors benches to rest and a calm environment to enjoy the surroundings. The park is maintained as a natural habitat for local fauna, by keeping grass mowing to a strict minimum. In the early morning or late evening, encounters with wildlife are likely, and visitors can enjoy observing rabbits, weasels and even foxes in the wild. It is formally prohibited to feed wildlife, and visitors should refrain from taking out food around animals, foxes in particular. Ozod.
Qil
As a town with rich cultural patrimony, exploring Kraainem's history and architecture -- by foot or bike -- will be the likely focus for visitors making a day trip to Kraainem. If the unpredictable Belgian weather allows it, enjoying the parks and Sonian Forest are particularly popular among locals. Other cultural and sportive activities are
- 1 Cultural Center De Lijsterbes (Cultureel Centrum), Lijsterbessenbomenlaan 6, ☏ 32 2 721 28 06, ✉[email protected]. M 17.30–20.00, Tu–F 09.00–17.00. A modern theater hall, grown into the cultural centre of Kraainem. New shows on a weekly basis. An opportunity for tourists to get a taste of Flemish culture and lifestyle. Don't forget to have a drink at the bar afterwards, where local residents hang out for smalltalk.
- 2 F.C. Kraainem (Kraainem Football), Bosstraat 85, ☏ 32 479 35 16 45. The football club of Kraainem is known for its multiculturalism, uniting over 300 players from 40 countries in sports. Aside from 2 senior teams, the club is carried by youngsters between 6 and 21 years old. Football courses are available to children in that age range in Dutch, English and French. Matches are played in the stadium at the Bosstraat, which has a rich history on its own. Entering the stadium is free, even during matches, only seats must be paid for. The cantina serves drinks and snacks, and hosts occasional cultural events. Ozod.
- 3 Sports Center Kraainem (Sporthal), Patronaatstraat 10, ☏ 32 475 58 20 38, ✉[email protected]. The sports centre of Kraainem is located between the historic centre of High Kraainem and the E40 highway in the valley of the Kleine Maalbeek. The centre is a multifunctional complex for tennis, acrobatics, badminton, volleyball, table tennis, futsal, judo and mini football. Facilities are available for indoor and outdoor tennis, on a 5 minute walking distance from High Kraainem centre. In winter, ice skating on the natural ice of the nearby pond is a popular attraction for locals.
- 4 Kutubxona (Openbare bibliotheek), Patronaatstraat 17, ☏ 32 2 720 16 02, ✉[email protected]. W 14:00–17:00, Su 10:00–13:00. Public library, offering a collection of novels, comic books, CDs and DVDs, primarily in Dutch and English.
- 5 Samolyotlarni aniqlash. 24/7. Watching landing aircraft is a popular hobby in Kraainem due to its location in the vicinity of the Brussels International Airport. Areas east of Kraainem find themselves under a runway flight route, enabling viewers to spot landing aircraft if wind direction and weather permits it. Ozod.
- 1 Karnaval (Carnavalstoet): 2022, Oudergemselaan 3, 1933 Sterrebeek, ☏ 32 2 767 01 93, ✉[email protected]. Carnival has been a yearly tradition in Kraainem since 1975. It takes place the first Saturday after Ash Wednesday, a Catholic holiday. The day it occurs changes accordingly. The parade, which starts in the Baron d'Huartlaan and ends on the Koningin Astridlaan in High Kraainem, is a mix of different carnival groups, shows and carnival prince delegations. The parade is very popular among kids, as candy is frequently thrown into the audience from the numerous parade trucks. It can be observed anywhere along its trajectory. The day of the parade, traffic will be hindered along the trajectory, which may make it more difficult to explore Kraainem by car or bike. Because of the Covid-19 pandemiyasi, no parade will be organised in 2021. Ozod. (sana belgilanishi kerak)
Sotib oling
Valyuta
To obtain cash, there are 3 methods:
- Exchange another currency against euros at the Zaventem airport upon arrival;
- Withdraw cash from an ATM (beware, additional fees may apply);
- Request additional cash from the cashier at Karrefur when paying electronically.
ATMs can typically be found at banks, and are available to tourists without any surcharge. However, exchanging another currency for euros will often either require an account at that bank, or the exchange rate will be particularly unfavourable for you.
- 2 Crelan (Van Biesen), Koningin Astridlaan 233, ☏ 32 2 731 97 40. W–F 09:00–12:30, Sa 09:00–12:00, Tu F 16:00–18:30. Bank office with ATM, helpful and friendly service.
- 3 BNP Paribas Fortis, Oudstrijderslaan 11, ☏ 32 2 711 03 50. M–F 09:00–12:30. Office of a large French bank, more likely to accept and exchange foreign currencies.
At the intersection of the Koningin Astridlaan and Wezembeeklaan another bank office can be found, Belfius, but this bank has a poor reputation and has been involved in numerous corruption scandals. Make use of their services at your own risk. It is advisable to walk 200 m further down the Koningin Astridlaan to the Crelan office instead.
Businesses do not expect gratuity, although it is customary to round the amount in restaurants to the nearest bill (€5) if the service and food was good.
Xarid qilish
The historic town centre of Kraainem is too small to provide satisfactory shopping experience, and commerce primarily consists of restaurants, bars and cafés. The best place for shoppers in Kraainem is the Kraainem Carrefour Planet shopping centre. Alternatively, shoppers may cross into Sint-Pieters-Woluwe for a shopping experience in Stokkel, or the much larger Woluwe Shopping Centre.
- 1 Historic shopping district. Numerous shops spread along the streets of the historic centre of Kraainem. Large variety of premises, but does not offer the best opportunities to fashionistas.
- 2 Kraainem Shopping, Wezembeeklaan 114. M–Sa 09:00–20:00. Largest shopping centre in Kraainem, with nearly all commodities available. Notable shops include a Leonidas (Belgian chocolates), Carrefour Planet (hypermarket), Delhaize (groceries) and Brico (leisure and construction related items). Too far out of the town centre to walk, but easily reachable with bus 316 or 352 (get off at Konigin Astrid).
- 3 Zwaluwenhof, Molenstraat 33. Tu 10:00–12:00, 15:00–17:30; Sa 10:00–17:30. Historic farmstead, selling a variety of local organic food. Located in the Molenstraat, the historic connection between Low and High Kraainem before the Arthur Dezangrélaan relieved traffic from this narrow street. A 5-minute walk away from the historic Jozef Van Hovestraat in Low Kraainem.
Food, drinks and convenience items
Kraainem has a few supermarkets, all with their own specialties: general groceries, organic foods, souvenirs & gifts, and so on. Those open on Fridays stay open an hour longer than the other days of the week, to give locals the opportunity to go shopping after work.
- 4 Karrefur, Wezembeeklaan 114, ☏ 32 2 785 06 11. M–Th, Sa 09:00–20:00; F 09:00–21:00. Frantsuzcha hypermarkt chain, and largest store in Kraainem with a variety of food and drinks, including prepared meals to go. They also carry other items that may come in handy: prepaid SIM cards, post cards and stamps, and in the summer season a range of camping items such as tents and backpacks.
- 5 Colruyt, Ferdinand Kinnenstraat 9, ☏ 32 2 731 21 35. M–Th, Sa 08:30–20:00, F 08:30–21:00. Belgian discount supermarket based in Halle, offering the lowest prices on branded foods. Smaller selection than Karrefur, but a bit cheaper. A great place to shop for snacks!
- 6 Bio World, Langestraat 6, ☏ 32 2 772 62 97. M–Th 09:00–19:00, F 09:00–20:00. Since 2011 the largest store for organic food in Kraainem, with a selection of daily fresh bread, vegetables, and groceries. A wide range of drinks, milk (almond milk, rice, coconut, ...), fruit and vegetable juices. They also have a selection of organic wines, as well as gluten free products such as bread, baguettes and cake. Strong emphasis on locally produced goods.
- 7 Carrefour Express, Arthur Dezangrélaan 11, ☏ 32 2 720 98 01. Tu–Su 07:30–20:00. Small supermarket in High Kraainem, more expensive than Carrefour or Colruyt, but one of the few that are open on Sundays.
- 8 Delhaize, Wezembeeklaan 112, ☏ 32 2 784 36 48. M–Th 08:00–20:00, F 08:00–21:00. Supermarket specialised in fine foods and luxury products. Too expensive for general grocery shopping, but a great place to search for Belgian specialties (chocolate, Speculoos spread, beers), souvenirs, and presents for family when you return home.
Yemoq
Getting the taste of real Belgian fries is a must when visiting Kraainem. A fritkot is the traditional Flemish version of a street vendor specializing in fries (and other types of fast food). Another local speciality are smoutebollen, dough pastries deep fried in vegetable oil and served with powdered sugar.
Mahalliy mutaxassisliklar
- 1 De Lijsterbes. Small restaurant in the Cultural Centre in the Kraainem town center. It specializes in traditional Flemish dishes (paling in 't groen, stoofvlees, tomate crevette, and many others). Ask for the dish of the day (dagschotel) for €12. Mostly visited by locals, and a great opportunity to get to know local residents and initiate smalltalk with them. Very kids friendly. Reservations are mandatory in the weekend. €12–20.
- 2 Frituur. A traditional Flemish fritkot serving fries, among many other types of fast food. Ask for home made fries, or you may be adversely served the industrial, frozen variant, with less flavor.
- 3 Deli, Koningin Astridlaan 265, ☏ 32 2 688 39 58. 07:30–22:00. Prepared sandwiches and salads, energy and candy bars, and assorted foods. Expensive, but open until 22:00. Most food items are available at Carrefour 300 m further for a lower price.
Italyancha
- 4 San Tucci, Prinses Joséphine Charlotteplaats 8, ☏ 32 2 782 00 45. Tu–Sa 12:00–14:30, 18:00–22:00; Su 12:00–14:30. A fine dining Italian restaurant, specializing in pasta dishes and antipasti. They don't serve pizza, and the owner will gladly explain you the logic behind that decision if you ask for it. A romantic setting, 15-minute walk from the Kraainem town centreq. Not suitable for families with kids. The restaurant is almost always fully booked, so reservations are mandatory. €10–25.
- 5 [ilgari o'lik havola]I Gusto, Wezembeeklaan 66, ☏ 32 472 544 544, ✉[email protected]. Tu–Sa 09:00–20:00, Su 09:00–13:00. Take-away Italian food on a walking distance from Central Park and the historic Bouvier-Washer Cité.
Osiyo
- 6 Fu-Lai. Asian cuisine in a relaxing setting. Fairly priced. The large aquariums with countless exotic fish next to the tables are a popular attraction for kids. €77–20.
- 7 [o'lik havola]Wok House, Leuvensesteenweg 179, 1932 Zaventem, ☏ 32 2 721 96 48. M–Sa 11:30–14:30, 17:30–11:00, Su 11:30–15:30, 17:30–11:00. A Chinese self-service restaurant with a massive buffet including warm and cold appetizers, sushi, dim-sums, soup, salad bar, wok and deserts. On Sundays and holidays, teppanyaki is also served at an additional cost. Good choice for family events and large groups, or for dining or dinner with kids. Can be reached easily with bus 358, 351, 410, 359 or 318. Closed on Tuesdays. Reservation is usually not necessary. Prices range from €10.90 for lunch during the week to €22.50 for lunch and dinner during the weekends, including teppanyaki. Reduction for children.
- 8 Lotus, Oudstrijderslaan 81, ☏ 32 2 721 98 33. Tu–Su 12:00–14:45, 18:00–22:00. Chinese restaurant right across Eclair park, a few minutes walking from Low Kraainem. Mid-range, good value. Accommodation for larger groups, for example family celebration events. Kids friendly. Band qilish tavsiya etiladi.
- 9 Thai by Tom, Koningin Astridlaan 315, ☏ 32 2 731 53 84, ✉[email protected]. Tu–F 12:00–14:30, 18:00–21:30. Cozy Thai restaurant with limited seating, but excellent food for those appreciating the oriental cuisine. Reservation is recommended. Most of their offers are also available as take away.
Ichish
Bars in Kraainem still play an prominent social role in society, although their importance is declining. All bars serve a variety of warm and cold, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Some may not have a traditional menu with a listing of all the available drinks at every table, in which case you simply ask the waiter or waitress what you'd like. He/she will be happy to recommend you alternatives if your preference isn't available. There are no age restrictions for entering a bar, but minors won't be allowed to order alcoholic drinks or beverages with high caffeine content.
Although tap water is safe to drink, few restaurants or bars will serve it. When ordering still water, you'll be served more expensive bottled water (Spa, Bru, Chaudfontaine, ...) instead.
The popularity of ice tea as a soft drink is in Kraainem on par with Coca Cola, and widely available. When ordering ice tea, most restaurants and bars will serve you Lipton Ice Tea Lemon, a favourite among Belgians, which is sparkling unlike its variants in neighbouring countries (i.e. Germany). If you prefer non sparkling ice tea, order Nestea instead. The latter may not be universally available, however.
By far the most popular drink served in bars is pivo, one of Belgium's national prides. Many types and brands are available, each having different flavors and alcoholic content. Some types may not be available around the year, particularly those based on fruits, or those meant for special occasions (i.e. Christmas beers with cinnamon). The most common beers are Stella, Jupiler va Maes, and bars will serve at least one of those. When ordering a pint yoki pintje (pronounced with the men ning tugatish), you'll be served the common beer they have on hand. Since no tap water is served in bars, a pintje (33 cl) is often cheaper than still water (50 cl). There are around 130 officially recognised breweries in Belgium, producing over 1000 beer types. In addition, many locals brew their own beer as a hobby, with carefully developed recipes, and often better taste than commercial beers. Qil emas attempt to order industrially produced beers like Heineken yoki Budweiser in Belgian bars, these beers are regarded as inferior and you'll insult the waiter or waitress by doing so. While Belgian beers are widely regarded as the best in the world, they are also the strongest in alcoholic content, some reaching 10 - 13% vol. This may be an inconvenient surprise to those not expecting such a high concentration.
The traditional beer of Kraainem, Brussels and the Pajottenland is the lambic. These beers differ from other beers because they are fermented by wild yeasts and bacteria native to the Senne valley instead of cultivated brewer's yeast. This gives lambic beers their more accentuated flavour, often with a sour aftertaste. A popular variant is the kriek lambic, a type of fruit beer (fruitbier) which is made by fermenting lambic with sour Morello cherries native to the nearby municipality of Schaarbeek. The cherries are added in whole (including pits) and left to ripe for several months, their sugars are fermented completely, thus resulting in an unsweetened but fruit flavored beer. Some breweries add sugar after the fermentation process to obtain a less intense, mild flavour, targeting female customers. Variants with raspberries instead of cherries (frambozenlambiek) are also available. A special variant of the lambic is the geuze, which is produced by blending young (1 year old) and older (2 - 3 years old) lambic. The fermentable sugars present in the young lambic cause a second fermentation cycle in the bottle, resulting in a higher carbon dioxide content. Unlike other lambics, geuze bottles are therefore highly pressurised and should be handled with care. They will therefore not be allowed on airplanes, even checked in.
- 1 De Lijsterbes, Lijsterbessenbomenlaan 4, ☏ 32 2 725 20 41. Trendy bar associated with the community centre with the same name, located in a modern glass building on a 5-min walk from the High Kraainem historic center. Large selection of soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, coffee and tea. Also serves a warm lunch, see "Eat". Small snacks are available throughout the day. Very popular with locals, government officials working at the nearby town hall, and retired elderly. The best place in Kraainem to meet locals and have a chat about nearly any topic, if you're not under time pressure at least.
- 2 De Ronne Hoeck, Oudstrijderslaan 3, ☏ 32 479 96 54 76. A traditional Flemish bar (kafe yoki kroeg), one of the last remaining in Kraainem. Bars like De Ronne Hoeck (Flemish dialect for the round corner, referring to its location) used to play an important role in Flemish social life until the early 2000s, because they served as meeting points for locals of all social classes and ranks. For many commoners it used to be a daily routine to pass through the local bar on their way home from work, to discuss politics, sports and assorted topics while beers helped to forget the burdens of work. Traditional bars like De Ronne Hoeck are characterised by the lack of proper illumination and dark coloured wooden furniture, leading to the name bruine kroeg (so'zma-so'z brown bar). From the 21st century the popularity of traditional bars declined sharply under pressure of the expensive euro, the ban on indoor smoking, and competition with more trendy lounge bars. Not the most inviting to tourists, but an interesting place for those looking to experience Flemish social history.
- 3 The New Inn, Arthur Dezangrélaan 20, ☏ 32 2 241 84 98. A small bar in the historic centre of High Kraainem, in front of the town hall and next to the road leading to the Saint Pancras Church. Their terrace gives a beautiful view over the old town and the church in particular. Focuses on local and international alcoholic drinks, primarily beers.
- 4 Chez Marius 1er, Wezembeeklaan 114, ☏ 32 2 731 79 44. A bar in the Carrefour Planet shopping centre, near the western exit. A convenient place to enjoy Belgian beer and rest after an exhausting shopping experience. Small cuisine (soup and snacks) also available on request.
Uyqu
Finding cheap lodging in Kraainem may be difficult in the touristic summer season. A convenient alternative is to find accommodations in Brussels and visit Kraainem by Metro (see "Get In") for a day. If you opt to stay in Kraainem, it is recommended to search for lodging offered by locals (B&Bs, guest houses, apartments etc.) to avoid high hotel prices.
- 1 B&B 3B, Jozef van Hovestraat 66. Belgilanish: 16:00–22:00, tekshirib ko'rmoq: 07:00–10:30. A B&B a 15-min walk from the historic town center, in the famous Jozef van Hovestraat where many 17th- and 18th-century farmsteads are located.
- 2 B&B The Nest, Baron d'Huartlaan 295. Belgilanish: 18:00–22:30, tekshirib ko'rmoq: 07:30–10:30. A small B&B at 300 m from the Sonian Forest. A direct tram connection leads visitors to the Kraainem city centre and to the Brussels city centre.
- 3 Martine & Didier, In de Poort 11, 1970 Wezembeek-Oppem (take tram 39 until Beek), ☏ 32 475 60 84 42, ✉[email protected]. A B&B run by an elderly couple, just across the border with neighbouring commune Wezembeek-Oppem. It is in a residential neighbourhood away from the street side, very quiet, and a good night rest is guaranteed here. Breakfast is optional for €5. Walking from Kraainem Central Park takes 25 - 30 minutes.
- 4 A Sunny and Green Real Home, Raymond Hernalsteenstraat 57, 1970 Wezembeek-Oppem. Belgilanish: 15:00–00:00, tekshirib ko'rmoq: 11:00. A guest house in the neighbouring municipality Wezembeek-Oppem. Not easily reachable by public transport, a car or taxi is required to connect to the Kraainem town centre.
- 5 AirBnB Hélène, Groenstraat 43. Tekshirib ko'rmoq: 12:00. Located in an apartment building in the centre of Kraainem, 2 minutes away from the Bouvier-Washer Cité and 5 minutes from the Kraainem Shopping Center on Wezembeek Avenue. The Kraainem metro station is 8 minutes walking away, permitting easy access into the Brussels city. €59/night.
- 6 B&B Martine & Didier, In de Poort 11, ☏ 32 2 736 63 19, ✉[email protected]. A small house with 3 rooms that can be rented individually or together, close to the International German School of Brussels, and on walking distance from the tram to Kraainem City Centre and Bryussel. €80.
A small camping site is located on the border between Kraainem and Wezembeek-Oppem. However, Belgian weather can be very unpredictable and wet, even in summer, if you consider camping. Under Belgian law, camping is only allowed on officially recognised camp sites, and camping in public parks or forests may result in a fine between €60 and €200.
- 7 3CB Camping Caravaning Club Brussels, Warandeberg 52, 1970 Wezembeek-Oppem, ☏ 32 2 782 10 09. A camping in the neighbouring municipality of Wezembeek-Oppem. A 25-min walk away from the Kraainem town center.
Ulanmoq
Telephone boxes have been phased out, and Kraainem's last telephone box on the Wezembeeklaan was torn down in 2015. In case of emergency, local inhabitants or businesses will happily lend you their land line if necessary if you urgently need to make a call.
Kraainem also has complete 3G coverage, so with a European SIM card it is possible to connect to 3G Internet. Roaming may be expensive if your operator is not based in a European Union country (see also Yevropa Ittifoqi article). Alternatively, a SIM card may be purchased from the local operator Mobile Vikings, which offers 2 GB data volume for €12 and accepts payment by PayPal, Bitcoin, and many mainstream payment options.
- 4 Postal Point (Postpunt), Wezembeeklaan 114. Send and receive mail, packages and post cards.
- 5 Postal Office (Postkantoor), Potaardestraat 10. M–F 09:30–12:30, 13:30–17:00; Sa 09:30–13:00. Largest postal office in Kraainem, selling postal related commodities (boxes, envelopes, stamps). Doubles as a bank office, allowing sending and receiving money.
Free Wi-Fi is available at Karrefur (Wezembeeklaan 114) and the adjacent but very poor quality and thus not recommendable Lunch Garden restoran Many other smaller cafés, restaurants, bars and shops also offer free Wi-Fi.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
Kraainem is usually safe, both during the day and at night. The dangerous Belgian traffic probably poses the most significant risk to visitors, so take care when crossing streets. Jaywalking is not a criminal offence in Belgium, but that does not mean drivers will slow down either, unless you're crossing on a marked pedestrian crossing. Beware of pickpockets in shopping areas and on public transport. Groups of youth are known to hang around the Kraainem metro station in the evening and harass travellers, so it is advised to avoid the immediate area around the station at night or travel in groups.
- 6 Politsiya (Politie WOKRA), Molenweg 20, 1970 Wezembeek-Oppem, ☏ 32 2 766 18 18. Local police station for Kraainem and Wezembeek-Oppem. Officers can be expected to communicate fluently in Dutch and English. For emergencies, call 112 instead of 32 2 766 18 18.
Sog'lom bo'ling
There are few health hazards to worry about in Kraainem. Tap water in Kraainem, and most of the rest of Flanders, is drinkable, and as healthy as bottled mineral water. Fountains and wells on the other hand are emas suitable for human consumption. In summer, Shomil are routinely encountered in the region, and are known to carry Lyme disease, which can be deadly if left untreated. If you spot pink or red circles on your skin after a walk in the forests or parks, you may be infected, and should seek medical help immediately.
- 7 Dr. P. & S. Van Mulders, Arthur Dezangrélaan 20, ☏ 32 2 720 10 51. M 08:30–10:00, W 08:30–10:00, F 08:30–10:00, Sa 09:30–11:00. General medicine.
- 8 Dr. Claudine Vande Wal, dr. Aline Agneessens, Koningin Astridlaan 145. 32 2 725 06 96. General medicine.
- 9 Dr. Stefaan Van Mulders, Koningin Astridlaan 23. General medicine.
Medical supplies can be acquired from pharmacies:
- 10 Pharmacy Matterne, Koningin Astridlaan 23, ☏ 32 2 731 73 68. M–F 08:30–12:30, 13:30–19:00; Sa 09: 00-13: 00. General medicine.
- 11 Pharmacy Dynaphar, Koningin Astridlaan 272, ☏ 32 2 731 06 06. M–F 09:00–19:00; Sa 09:00–12:30. General medicine.
- 12 Pharmacy Piens, Arthur Dezangrélaan 35, ☏ 32 2 720 47 90. General medicine.
In case of medical emergency, the nearby UCL hospital can provide medical services. To call an ambulance, dial 112 and specify your position. An ambulance will be dispatched to pick you up.
- 13 UCL hospital (Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc), Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 St-Lambrechts-Woluwe, ☏ 32 2 764 16 02. Hospital on the border between Kraainem and St-Lambrechts-Woluwe, 5 min from Kraainem town centre. In case of emergency, walk to the spoedgevallen (emergency cases) where you'll be treated without prior appointment.
- 14 Health & Care Medical Center, Wezembeeklaan 106, ☏ 32 2 688 18 00, ✉[email protected]. Neighbourhood clinic next to the Carrefour Planet commercial area, equipped to treat minor injuries and illnesses. Making an appointment by phone is recommendable.
If pets get ill or hurt, a veterinarian office is available in the Kraainem town center.
- 15 Dr. Marc Simons, Arthur Dezangrélaan 4, ☏ 32 2 721 37 05. 17:00–18:30. General animal health, treatment of pets and farm animals. Making an appointment by telephone is recommendable.
Keyingisi
- 1 Bryussel — the capital of Belgium and host of many of the European Union institutions.
- 2 Leuven — famous for beer, technology, and one of the oldest universities in Western Europe. Well preserved historic city centre.
- Hike through the 1 Sonian Forest, the "green lung" of Brussels, known for its century-old beech trees.
- 3 Tervuren — a picturesque town in the shadow of the Sonian Forest with a large public park and former summer residence palace of the Belgian king.
- 4 Grimbergen — famous for its abbey and beer.