Indoneziya so'zlashuv kitobi - Indonesian phrasebook

Indonez tilida asosan so'zlashadigan joy xaritasi. To'q ko'k: ko'pchilik til sifatida. Ochiq ko'k: ozchiliklar tili sifatida.

Indoneziyalik (Bahasa Indoneziya) rasmiy tildir va lingua franca ning Indoneziya, ga qo'shimcha sifatida Sharqiy Timor Avstraliya va Gollandiya kabi muhim Indoneziya diasporasi bo'lgan joylar. 230 milliondan ortiq ma'ruzachilar bilan indonez tilida suhbatlashadigan ko'plab odamlar bor. Avstraliya va Evropaning ko'plab universitetlarida Indoneziya tili kurslari mavjud.

Indonez tili bilan chambarchas bog'liq Malaychava ikkala tilning ma'ruzachilari odatda bir-birlarini biron bir darajada tushunishlari mumkin. Asosiy farqlar dialektlar, talaffuzlar va qarz so'zlaridadir: indonez tiliga asosan golland va mintaqaviy tillar yava, sundan va boshqalar ta'sir qilgan, malay esa asosan ingliz tilidan ta'sirlangan. Ikkala tilda ham sanskrit, portugal / ispan (tarixiy), xitoy (oshpazlik, kundalik narsalar), arab (ayniqsa diniy tushunchalar va so'zlar, islom va nasroniylar) va ingliz tillaridan (texnologiyalar, ommaviy madaniyat va hk) ko'plab qarz so'zlari mavjud. .

Indonez tili nisbatan yosh tildir, odatda 1928 yil 28 oktyabrda (100 yoshga to'lmagan) Yoshlar Kongressi paytida tug'ilgan deb o'ylashadi, ammo 1945 yilda mustaqillikka erishganidan beri Indoneziyadagi yagona rasmiy til sifatida 75 yil davomida ko'plab adabiyotlar va boshqa dunyo tillari bilan raqobatlashish uchun o'ziga xos xususiyatini shakllantiradi. Har bir indoneziyalik talaba indonez tilida yozishni va gapirishni o'rganishi kerak, aksariyati ikkinchi til sifatida. Indoneziya jamiyati juda diglossiya (ikki tilli yoki uch tilli) bo'lib, ko'pchilik o'z ona tilidan, indonez tilidan va ba'zan og'zaki jakarta lahjalaridan bemalol oldinga va orqaga o'tib ketishadi.

Malaycha ma'ruzachilar ehtiyot bo'ling, chunki bir xil yozilgan va bir xil talaffuz qilinadigan, ammo juda boshqacha ma'nolarni anglatadigan bir nechta so'zlar mavjud. Malay tili eng tanish bo'lganlar orasida budak (bola) indonez tiliga budak (qul), malaycha perkuma (bepul) indonez tiliga perkuma (foydasiz), malaycha butuh (erkak jinsiy a'zolar) Indoneziyaga butuh (kerak), malaycha bisa (zahar) indoneziyalikka bisa (mumkin, qodir), malay tili to'xtab turish (burish) indonez tiliga tinimsiz (bosh og'rig'i) va malaycha banci (aholini ro'yxatga olish) indonez tiliga banci (sissy, transvestit).

Indoneziya lotin alifbosi tizimidan (26 ta asosiy harf va boshqa hech narsa) va arab raqamlaridan (0-9) foydalanadi, bu buni amalga oshiradigan kam sonli tillardan biridir. Indoneziyaliklar odatdagi AQSh tartibidagi QWERTY klaviaturasi bilan matn terish uchun ishlatiladi. Mintaqaviy tillar uchun boshqa hech qanday klaviatura mavjud emas, shuning uchun Indoneziyadagi har bir mintaqaviy til Indoneziya / Ingliz klaviaturasidan foydalangan holda kompyuterda yoziladi.

Tushuning

230 milliondan ortiq aholisi o'zlarining mahalliy jamoalarida tarqalib ketganligi sababli, indoneziya tili odatda ona tili vazifasini o'tamaydi, chunki uning ma'ruzachilarining aksariyat tillari o'z mintaqalarida, masalan, yava, sundan, maduer, minang, asxnes, balin kabi mahalliy tillardir. Indoneziyaning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Betavi, Palembang va boshqa yirik etnik guruhlar, Indoneziyaning sharqida joylashgan Sulavesi, Maluku va Papua singari ko'plab kichik etnik guruhlarga qadar. Uning maqsadi 1928 yil 28 oktyabrda Yoshlar Kongressidan beri e'lon qilingan Indoneziyaning barcha xalqlari o'rtasida birlashma tili bo'lishdir.

Indonez tili malay tilidan kelib chiqadi, odatda Srivijaya imperiyasi tomonidan mashhur bo'lgan (7-14 asrlar) Sumatraning markaziy-shimoli-sharqida, so'ngra savdo uchun ishchi til sifatida ("pasar malay", portlar bilan bir qatorda bozorlarda ishlatiladigan) . Malay tilidan kelib chiqqanligi sababli indonez tili so'z boyligining ko'p qismini malay tili bilan baham ko'radi, ammo hozirgi Malayziya va Indoneziya turli xil Evropa kuchlari tomonidan mustamlakaga aylanganda, ikki tilning traektoriyalari farqlana boshladi. Indoneziya, Malayziya va Bruney mustaqilligidan so'ng, uchta mamlakat Til Kengashlari (Majlis Bahasa Bruney-Indoneziya-Malayziya yoki MABBIM) o'z tillarini standartlashtirishga harakat qildilar, natijada gollandlar ta'sirida bo'lgan indonez tilining imlosi inglizlar ta'siriga mos kelish uchun bir nechta o'zgarishlarga olib keldi. Standart malaycha, chaqirildi Ejaan yang Disempurnakan 1972 yildagi (mukammal imlo), masalan Gollandiyalik "oe", "dj", "tj", "j" bigraflari indoneziyalik "u", "j", "c" va "y" harflariga aylandi. Siz hali ham ba'zi eski imlolarni eski joy nomlari, bino nomlari yoki hatto odamlarning ismlarida ko'rishingiz mumkin.

Gollandiyalik / ingliz tilidan olingan kredit so'zlari standart indoneziya va standart malay tillarida turlicha singib ketadi, bu erda indonez tili asosan translyatsiyani yoki indoneziya talaffuzi bilan so'zlarni yozishni tanlaydi va malay tili asosan ekvivalent so'zlarni yoki fonetik translyatsiyani tanlaydi, masalan "Televisi, polisi, universitas, gubernur, telepon, pulpen "(Indoneziya) -" televisyen, polis, universiti, gabenor, telefon, ruchka founteni "(Malayziya) -" Televisie, politie, universiteit, govern, telefoon, vulpen "(golland) -" televizion, politsiya, universitet, gubernator, telefon, favvora qalam "(Ingliz tili). Indoneziya tili va mintaqaviy tillarda "f" va "v" harflari (masalan, Java g'arbiy qismida) "p" bilan almashtiriladi, masalan "telepon, pulpen, paham, napas, propinsi, Pebruari, Nopember, aktip "(birinchi to'rttasi to'g'ri deb hisoblanadi, qarzga olingan telefon, vulpen golland tilida va faham, nafas olish arab tilida, oxirgi to'rtligi noto'g'ri bo'lsa, ingliz tilida: viloyat, fevral, noyabr, faol).

Shuningdek, indonez tilining mahalliy lahjalari o'rtasida ba'zi bir xilma-xilliklar mavjud, asosan indonez tilining mahalliy ona tillari (mintaqaviy tillar) bilan kombinatsiyasi tufayli. Ushbu mahalliy so'zlar asosan jargon tili (norasmiy suhbatlar) sifatida ishlatiladi, ammo jakartan lahjasi (Betaviy tili ta'sirida) milliy ommaviy axborot vositalarida juda ko'p ishlatiladi va shu tariqa ushbu tarkibni iste'mol qiladigan bolalar va o'spirinlar gapirishadi. Ammo aytilganidek, barcha indoneziyaliklar standart tilga bemalol o'tishlari mumkin, ayniqsa chet ellik bilan suhbatlashganda. Yozma matnda, maktabda, universitetda, rasmiy elektron pochta xabarlarida, nutqda, yosh va keksa odamning suhbati, yangi tanishlarning (ayniqsa, turli millat vakillarining) indonez tilidagi standart suhbati kutilmoqda, matnli xabarlarda, do'stlar o'rtasidagi suhbatda va boshqa norasmiy sharoitlarda , tasodifiy indoneziyalik kutilmoqda.

Talaffuz bo'yicha qo'llanma

Indoneziya juda talaffuzi oson: lotin alifbosidan foydalanadigan asosiy tillar orasida dunyodagi eng fonetik yozuv tizimiga ega, IPAga sodiq, shunchaki oz sonli sodda undoshlar va unli tovushlar nisbatan kam. Imloning o'ziga xos xususiyatlaridan biri shvani belgilaydigan alohida belgining yo'qligidir. Ba'zan chalkash bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan "e" shaklida yozilgan.

Indoneziyada 1947 va 1972 yildagi imlo islohotlari rasmiy ravishda bir nechta qoldiqlarni yo'q qildi Golland aks holda juda fonetik imloda va yozuv tizimi endi malay tiliga deyarli o'xshashdir. Biroq, eski shakllar ma'lum darajada (ayniqsa, ismlarda) ishlatishda qoladi va quyida qavs ichida qayd etilgan.

Stress odatda ikkinchi-oxirgi bo'g'inga tushadi, shuning uchun ikki bo'g'inli so'zlarda birinchi bo'g'in ta'kidlanadi.

Unlilar

Indoneziyaliklar "e" harfini ikki xil talaffuz qilar ekan, ushbu qo'llanmada fonetikadagi odatiy va aksentli variant ajratib ko'rsatilgan.

Undoshlar

Eski imlo uslubini ishlatadigan undoshlar qavs ichida yoziladi:

b

kabi bed (IPA:b)

bh

kabi bed, faqat sanskritcha qarz olishda

c (ch, tj)

kabi chek (IPA:t͡ʃ)

d

kabi dog (IPA:d)

dh

kabi dog, faqat sanskrit tilida qarz olishda

f

kabi phbitta (IPA:f)

g

kabi g (IPA:ɡ)

h

kabi help (IPA:h)

j (dj)

kabi job (IPA:d͡ʒ)

k

kabi keep (IPA:k); so'zlarning oxirida, uhning o'rtasidagidek mo''tadil to'xtash joyi-oh (IPA:ʔ)

x (ch)

Shotlandiyaliklar kabich yoki Chanukka (IPA:x)

l

kabi love (IPA:l)

m

kabi mboshqa (IPA:m)

n

kabi nmuz (IPA:n)

ng

si singaring (IPA:ŋ) (qattiq "g" ovozi yo'q)

ngg

fi kabinger (IPA:ŋɡ) ('ng' va ortiqcha 'g' ')

ny

ca kabinyyoki Ispancha ñ (IPA:ɲ)

p

kabi pig (IPA:p)

q

"k" yoki "kh" tovushlariga o'xshash (deyarli har doim "u" bilan. Faqat arabcha qarzlarda)

r

Ispancha pe kabirro (IPA:r) (trilled / rolled r)

s

kabi shick (IPA:s)

sy (sj)

kabi sheep (IPA:ʃ)

t

kabi top (IPA:t)

v

"f" bilan bir xil

w

kabi wsakkiz (IPA:w)

x

ki kabicks (IPA:ks)

y (j)

kabi yes (IPA:j)

z

ha kabize (IPA:z)

Umumiy diftonglar

ai

kabi ko'z (IPA:ai̯)

au

v kabiqarz (IPA:au̯)

oi

b kabioy (IPA:oi̯)

Izoh: ikkita unli bir-birining yonida bo'lsa va u yuqoridagi diftonglardan biri bo'lmasa, ular quyidagicha o'qilishi kerak alohida heceler

Eslatma

Quyidagi psevdo-talaffuzlarda glotta to'xtash joylari apostrof sifatida ko'rsatiladi, odatda so'zlarning oxirida. Yassi bo'lmagan undoshlar (har doim T yoki P harflari, odatda so'zlarning oxirida) qavs ichida ko'rsatiladi.

Grammatika

Indoneziya jumlalari tarkibi sub'ekt-fe'l-ob'ekt. Bu ingliz tiliga ozmi-ko'pmi o'xshaydi, lekin ko'proq qoidalarga amal qilish kerak, aslida ispan tiliga o'xshaydi!

Umuman olganda, shaxs, son (ko'plik) yoki zamon uchun grammatik jins va fe'l birikmasi mavjud emas, ularning hammasi ergash gaplar yoki vaqt ko'rsatkichlari bilan ifodalanadi.

Saya makan nasi.

- Men guruch yeyman.

Ammo ingliz tilidan farqli o'laroq, sifatlar oldin emas, balki otdan keyin joylashtiriladi. Bunday holda, "goreng" so'zi "qovurilgan" degan ma'noni anglatadi:

Saya makan nasi goreng.

- Men qovurilgan guruchni iste'mol qilaman.

Xuddi sifatlar singari egalik olmoshlari ham otdan keyin normal olmoshlar bilan bir xil shaklda joylashadi:

Saya makan nasi goreng ibu saya.

"Men onamning qovurilgan guruchini yeyapman".

Agar siz qo'shimchani ishlatmoqchi bo'lsangiz, uni sifat (agar mavjud bo'lsa) yoki fe'ldan keyin qo'ying. Sifat ortidan "dengan" (DUHNG-an) dan foydalaning:

Saya makan nasi (goreng) dengan gembira.

Men shodlik bilan (qovurilgan) guruch yeyman. (yondi: quvonch bilan (qovurilgan) guruch yeyman)

Negation marker ("tidak") (TEE-da ') fe'l yoki sifatlar oldiga, ("bukan") (BOO-kahn) ot yoki ism iboralaridan oldin qo'yilgan:

Saya tidak makan nasi goreng.

- Men qovurilgan guruchni yemayman.

Nasi goreng itu tidak enak.

"O'sha qovurilgan guruch mazali emas."

Itu bukan nasi goreng.

"Bu (a) qovurilgan guruch emas."

Indonez tilida grammatik zamon mavjud emas. Ushbu jihatni ko'rsatish uchun ba'zi vaqt belgilari ishlatiladi: "sedang" (hozirgi doimiy), "suddah" (oddiy o'tgan / o'tgan zamon), "akan" (oddiy kelajak / kelajak qism)

Biror narsa qilinayotganligini ko'rsatish uchun, sedang (suh-DANG) fe'ldan oldin joylashtirilgan; inkor gap bo'lsa, "tidak sedang" dan foydalaning:

Saya (tidak) sedang makan nasi goreng.

"Men qovurilgan guruchni iste'mol qilyapman (emas)."

Biror narsaning tugaganligini bildirish uchun ("sudah") (SOO-dah) fe'ldan oldin qo'yilgan; inkor qilingan hukm bo'lsa, uni "belum" ga o'zgartiring (buh-LUM):

Saya sudah (/ belum) makan nasi goreng.

"Men qovurilgan guruchni yedim (/ yemadim)".

Biror narsa sodir bo'lishini ko'rsatish uchun ("akan") (AH-kahn) fe'ldan oldin qo'yilgan; inkor gap bo'lsa, "tidak akan" dan foydalaning:

Saya (tidak) akan makan nasi goreng.

"Men (emas) qovurilgan guruchni iste'mol qilaman."

Agar siz joy va / yoki vaqt belgisini ishlatsangiz, rasmiy ravishda ular ob'ektdan keyin joylashtirilishi kerak. Ammo norasmiy ravishda siz vaqt indikatorini gapning boshida yoki oxirida yoki mavzudan keyin (deyarli hamma joyda) qo'yishingiz mumkin. Quyidagi misolda, setiap xari "kundalik", kemarin "kecha" degan ma'noni anglatadi, besok "ertaga" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Saya makan nasi goreng setiap xari., yoki Setiap xari saya makan nasi goreng., yoki Saya setiap xari makan nasi goreng.

"Men har kuni qovurilgan guruch iste'mol qilaman."

Saya makan nasi goreng kemarin., yoki Kemarin saya makan nasi goreng., yoki Saya kemarin makan nasi goreng.

- Kecha qovurilgan guruch yeydim.

Saya (akan) makan nasi goreng besok., yoki Besok saya (akan) makan nasi goreng., yoki Saya besok (akan) makan nasi goreng. ("akan" ixtiyoriy / ortiqcha), chunki tinglovchi buni kelajakda sodir bo'lishini allaqachon biladi.)

- Ertaga qovurilgan guruch yeyman.

Vaqt indikatorini joylashtirishning farqi, odatda gapning qaysi ma'lumotlari eng muhim ekanligini ta'kidlash uchun.

SETIAP HARI saya makan nasi goreng. - diqqat markazida "kundalik" ma'lumotlar mavjud

SAYA kemarin makan nasi goreng. - diqqat mavzusi, "men"

Saya makan nasi goreng besok. - alohida ta'kidlashsiz rasmiy jumla.

Rasmiy ravishda joy ko'rsatkichi vaqt belgisidan oldin turadi. Ammo, yuqoridagi misolda ko'rsatilgandek, vaqt indikatorini gapning boshqa qismlarida ham ko'chirishingiz mumkin. Joy ko'rsatkichi odatda gapning oxirida joylashgan bo'lib qoladi.

Saya makan nasi goreng di restoran Tionghoa setiap hari.

Saya kemarin makan nasi goreng di restoran Tionghoa.

Besok saya makan nasi goreng di restoran Tionghoa.

"Men har kuni (a) xitoy restoranida qovurilgan guruch iste'mol qilaman."

"A" / "an" kabi zarrachalar suhbatlashish / kundalik foydalanishda deyarli hech qachon ishlatilmaydi, chunki hamma bir so'zni takrorlaydigan birlik sifatida qabul qilinadi, keyin u ko'plikga aylanadi. Shunday qilib, quyidagi jumla:

Saya sedang makan nasi goreng di [sebuah] restoran Tionghoa.

- Men xitoylik restoranda qovurilgan guruch yeyman.

rasmiy tarjimada to'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin, ammo suhbatlarda, hatto rasmiy suhbatlarda "sebuah" yordamchi so'zi ortiqcha deb hisoblanadi.

Siz ikkinchi sifatni ham ishlatishingiz mumkin, lekin u so'z bilan qo'shilishi kerak yang (lit: qaysi, ya'ni kim) birinchi sifatdan keyin. Odatda sifat turlari mamlakat & rang boshqa sifatlar oldida birinchi o'rinda turadi:

Saya makan nasi di sebuah restoran Tionghoa yang kecil di seberang hotel saya setiap hari.

"Men har kuni mehmonxonam oldidagi kichkina xitoy restoranida guruch yeyman."

Savol shakllari so'roq-olmosh-fe'l-ob'ekt, yoki norasmiy suhbatda olmosh-fe'l-ob'ekt-so'roq kabi oddiy tuzilishga amal qiladi. Quyidagi misolda, kamu "siz" degan ma'noni anglatadi (rasmiy / norasmiy), opa "nima" degan ma'noni anglatadi va di mana "qaerda" degan ma'noni anglatadi:

Apa yang kamu makan? : "Siz nima yeysiz?

Kamu makan opa? : "Siz nima yeysiz?

Di mana kamu makan nasi goreng? : "Qaerda qovurilgan guruch yeyapsiz?"

Kamu makan nasi goreng di mana? : "Qaerda qovurilgan guruch iste'mol qilyapsiz?"

Boshqa so'roqchilar: "kim" siapa, "qachon" kapan, "nima uchun" mengapa / kenapa, "Qanday" bagaimana, "narxi qancha" berapa, ba'zan esa "qaerda" ham "mana" deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin, undan keyin ob'ekt, "ke mana", keyin boradigan joy va "dari mana", keyin kelib chiqish joyi.

(Di) Mana tempatnya? / Tempatnya (di) mana? (norasmiy): "Joy qayerda?"

Ke mana kamu pergi? / Kamu pergi ke mana? (norasmiy): "Qaerga ketyapsiz?"

Dari mana kamu? / Kamu dari mana? (norasmiy): "Wehre siz?"

Odamlarga murojaat qilish

Indoneziyada "siz" uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri atamalardan foydalanish har doim ham odobli hisoblanmaydi. Biror kishini "kamu" deb chaqirish, agar siz ularni yaxshi bilmasangiz, bu qo'pollikdir. Buning o'rniga "Anda" yoki sharafli belgini tanlang. Quyidagi "Bapak" va "Ibu" so'zlari va boshqa indonez tilidagi jinssiz so'zlarning bir nechtasi (faqat 200 ga yaqin ismlarda jins belgisi mavjud).

Tez-tez / mamlakat bo'ylab ishlatiladi

Anda (AHN-dah)

Biror kishiga murojaat qilishning neytral rasmiy usuli. Bu rasmiy ohangga ega, ammo do'stlar orasida foydalanishga yaroqsiz, chunki bu so'zni oqlovchilar orasida ishlatish siz kamtar bo'lishingizni yoki o'zingizni mavqeingizdan pastga tushirishingizni anglatadi.

Bapak (BAH-pah ') / pak (pah ')

O'zingiz bilan bir xil yoshdagi yoki undan katta yoshdagi erkaklar uchun odatiy sharaf (ingliz tilida Sir / Mr. bilan bir xil): Pak Joko (Janob Joko), uylangan yoki turmush qurmagan.

Ibu (IH-boo) / bu (boo)

O'zingizdan taxminan bir xil yoshdagi yoki katta yoshdagi ayollar uchun odatiy sharaf (ingliz tilida xonim / xonim singari): Ibu Susi (Susi xonim)

"Ibu" so'ziga e'tibor bering: odatda bu "turmush qurgan ayol" degan ikkinchi darajali ma'noga ega va turmushga chiqmagan ayollar "ibu" deb nomlanishdan bosh tortishi mumkin (garchi ba'zi bir umarried ayollar "ibu" deb nomlanishiga qarshi emaslar) va boshqalarni afzal ko'rishadi o'rniga shartlari. Agar u hech narsani ko'rsatmasa, "Anda" dan xavfsiz foydalanishingiz mumkin. Agar uning turmush qurganiga yoki yo'qligiga ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa, "ibu" dan foydalanib, to'g'rilansangiz yaxshi bo'ladi, yoki darhol "Anda" dan boshlashingiz mumkin. "Xonim" so'ziga teng keladigan narsa yo'q indonez tilidagi turmushga chiqmagan ayollar uchun. Quyidagi mintaqaviy variantdan foydalaning.

Kakak (KAH-qah ')

Katta yoshdagi erkaklar va ayollar uchun norasmiy shakl yoki jinsning neytral shakli, bu so'zma-so'z ma'noda katta birodar. Sizning yoshingiz va yoshingizdan qat'i nazar, har qanday xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayderlar, sotuvchilar va boshqalar tomonidan taniqli bo'lganlar, ayniqsa yangi tanishlar orasida. Hozirgi kunda bu atamani biroz kattaroq yoshdan yoshga, o'g'il / qizdan yoshgacha bo'lgan odamga (mijoz, xizmat ko'rsatuvchi va hk) nisbatan rasmiy ravishda ishlatilishini eshitish odatiy hol bo'lib, foydalanishni qisqartirish maqsadida. mintaqadagi variant ("mas", "mbak" va boshqalar) Indoneziyadagi etnik jihatdan ko'proq aralashgan jamiyatlarda, bu erda irq va manzilni endi taxmin qilish mumkin emas.

Nak (Nah ') yoki Adik (AH-dih ''): bolalar yoki yoshroq odamlar uchun (agar siz allaqachon turmush qurgan bo'lsangiz yoki yoshi ulug 'bo'lsangiz)

Agar siz ijtimoiy mavqei yuqori bo'lgan yoki yoshi kattaroq (umuman keksa odamlar) bilan gaplashsangiz kamu bilan Anda (rasmiy, sharafli, har doim "A" kapitali bilan yozilgan), yoki bapak ("janob"), yoki ibu ("xonim"); va agar siz yaqin do'stingiz bilan gaplashsangiz, uni almashtirishingiz mumkin kamu bilan kau (norasmiy). Shunday qilib kamu bu qaysi tanlovdan foydalanishni bilmasangiz, ushbu tanlov o'rtasida neytral so'z. Quyidagi misolda, mau "istayman" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Kamu mau makan opa? : "Siz nima iste'mol qilmoqchisiz? (Yarim rasmiy / norasmiy)

Anda mau makan opa? : "Siz nimani iste'mol qilmoqchisiz? (Rasmiy, kamdan-kam suhbatda ishlatiladi)

Bapak mau makan opa? : "Siz nima yemoqchisiz, janob? (Rasmiy, yoshi kattaroq erkakka)

Anda mau makan opa, pak? : "Siz nima yemoqchisiz, janob? (Rasmiy, yoshi kattaroq erkakka)

Ibu mau makan opa? : "Siz nima yemoqchisiz, mam? (Rasmiy, yoshi kattaroq ayolga)

Anda mau makan opa, bu? : "Siz nima yemoqchisiz, mam? (Rasmiy, yoshi kattaroq ayolga)

Kau mau makan opa? : "Nima yemoqchisiz? (Norasmiy)

Mintaqaviy variantlar

Ushbu so'zlarning ba'zilarining turli xil shakllari arxipelag bo'ylab ishlatiladi. Quyida keltirilganlar taxminan sizning yoshingiz yoki biroz kattaroq odamga tegishli. Indoneziya uchun keng og'riqli kakak, ular norasmiydir, shuning uchun agar shubhangiz bo'lsa, unga qaytasiz bapak va ibu. Ularning restoranlarda va do'konlarda xizmat ko'rsatuvchi xodimlarga murojaat qilish uchun ishlatilishini eshitasiz.

yava tilida so'zlashadigan jamoalarda

mas (mahs) erkak uchun va mbak (uhm-BAH ') ayol uchun. Buni chalkashtirib yubormaslik kerak mbah (uhm-BAH) bobosi yoki buvisi degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Sundanzabon jamoalarda (asosan G'arbiy Yava)

akang (AH-kahng) erkaklar uchun va teteh (TEH-teh) ayollar uchun.

Balida

bli (qon) erkaklar uchun va mbok (uhm-BO ') ayollar uchun.

Minang ma'ruzachilari orasida (asli G'arbiy Sumatradan)

abang (AH-bahng) yoki uda (OO-dah) erkaklar uchun va uni (OO-nee) ayollar uchun.

Indoneziya xitoy jamoalarida

koko (Koh-koh) yoki koh (KOH) va cici (CHIE-chee) yoki cik (Yonoq), navbati bilan erkak va ayol uchun.

Boshqa madaniyatlar / millatlar uchun siz ulardan qanday nomlanishni afzal ko'rishingizni so'rashingiz mumkin.

"Bapak" va "ibu" ning norasmiy / mintaqaviy variantlari uchun siz Gollandiyalik atamalar ishlatilishini eshitishingiz mumkin (siz ham ishlatishingiz mumkin): om va tante. Ular so'zma-so'z qon qarindoshlaridan yoki yangi ayblovlardan qat'i nazar, "amaki" va "xola" degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ular "Bapak" va "Ibu" dan ko'ra ko'proq norasmiydir, shuningdek ularni "janob" o'rnini bosish uchun ishlatish mumkin. va "xonim" yaqin oqlashda.

Indonez tilida affiksatsiya

Indonez tili - bu so'zda aglutinativ bir nechta affikslarning barchasi asosiy ildizga biriktirilgan degan ma'noni anglatadi. Shunday qilib, so'z juda uzunlashishi mumkin (masalan, prefiks1 prefiksi2 prefiksi3 rootword suffik1 suffix2 suffix3). Masalan, asosiy so'z mavjud hasil bu "natija" yoki "muvaffaqiyat" degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ammo u qadar kengaytirilishi mumkin ketidakberhasilannyabu uning qobiliyatsizligini anglatadi: "ke" (holati) - "tidak" (emas) - "ber" (- ing) - "hasil" (muvaffaqiyat) - "an" (holati, bilan) - "nya" (uning o'zi). Ular asosan modulli; "berhasil", masalan, "natijaga (yaxshi) ega bo'lish" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Ism jumlasini birlashtirish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lgan ushbu til xususiyati natijasida 28 harfdan iborat so'z paydo bo'lishi mumkin mempertanggungjawabkannyalah (mem-per-tanggung jawab -kan -nya -lah), bu erda "tanggung jawab" mas'uliyatni anglatadi va mempertanggungjawabkannyalah "siz buning uchun javobgar bo'lishingiz kerak" degan ma'noni anglatadi, lah".

Indonez tilida prefiks va affikslarning 70 dan ortiq kombinatsiyasi (permuation) mavjud.

Fe'llar

Faol ovoz

Indoneziyaning rasmiy fe'llari prefikslardan foydalanmoqda men-, esdalik, yoki meng- faol fe'lni va / yoki qo'shimchani ko'rsatish uchun -kan/-i faol buyruqni ko'rsatish uchun. Ildiz so'zi ism yoki fe'l bo'lishi mumkin. Agar ildiz so'zi allaqachon fe'l bo'lsa, ko'p marta ular prefikslar bilan / qo'shmasdan bir xil ma'noga ega.

1. Saya makan nasi goreng ga teng Saya memakan nasi goreng chunki "makan" allaqachon faol fe'lga aylangan. "Memakan" ning so'zini topish uchun, agar siz "suffiks" ni to'xtatish bilan boshlasangiz -kan, siz so'zsiz "mema" bilan yakun topasiz; bu soxta qo'shimchalar deb nomlanadi. Siz "mema" so'zini topa olmaganingiz uchun, siz old so'zning boshini (bilan boshlashingiz kerak edi) men-. Shuningdek, qo'shimchani -i hech qachon bu tub so'z uchun ishlatilmaydi.

Quyidagi jumlalarda, bel/membeli "sotib olish" degan ma'noni anglatadi, ammo membelikan "sotib olish (kimdir uchun)" degan ma'noni anglatadi

2. Saya beli nasi goreng ga teng Saya membeli nasi goreng ga teng Saya (mem) belikan nasi goreng

"Men (a) qovurilgan guruch sotib olaman".

Quyidagi jumlalarda, bumbu "ziravorlar" (ism), membumbui "ziravorlar (biror narsaga) qo'yish" degan ma'noni anglatadi

3. Saya membumbui nasi goreng saya. Ushbu jumlaga, bumbu foydalanish kerak men- va -i uni ismdan fe'lga o'zgartirish.

"Men qovurilgan guruchimga ziravor qo'shayapman".

4. Bumbui nasi goreng saya!Shu bilan birga, prefikssiz, jumlani buyruq / buyruq o'timli (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ob'ekt kerak) qiladi.

"Mening qovurilgan guruchimga (ba'zi) ziravorlar qo'shing!"

Umuman olganda, "-i" va "-kan" o'rtasidagi farq bir oz ingichka. Ammo, odatda, "-i" bilan tugaydigan ildiz so'zlarni olish mumkin emas -i qo'shimchasi, (shuning uchun "beli" "membelii" ga aylanishi mumkin emas), "-kan" bilan tugaydigan ildiz so'zlar ko'pincha tushmaydi -kan qo'shimchasi, (shuning uchun "makan" -> "memakankan", iloji bo'lsa, juda kam qo'llaniladi.); ular tilni burishtirishga moyil.

Ammo quyidagi jumlalarda ba'zi bir tub so'zlarni jumlaga ishlatishga yaroqsizligini ko'rasiz, garchi ular ham faol fe'llar bo'lsa ham. "Buat" (BOO-aht) "tayyorlash", yoki bu holda "pishirish" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

5. Saya membuat nasi goreng, yoki Saya buatkan nasi goreng

"Men (= pishiraman) qovurilgan guruch qilaman" yoki "men (siz) (a) qovurilgan guruch qilaman"

6. Buatkan saya nasi goreng!, qo'shimchasi -kan bu erda imperativ o'tish davri (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ob'ekt kerak).

"Meni (menga ovqat pishiring) nasi goreng qiling!"

Ushbu misollarda siz aytolmaysiz Saya buat nasi goreng yoki Buat saya nasi goreng, chunki "buat" ning yana bir ma'nosi bor, ya'ni "uchun"

7. Nasi goreng buat saya

"(A) Men uchun qovurilgan guruch"

Shunday qilib, oldingi misol Saya buat nasi goreng yoki Buat saya nasi goreng "men uchun (= taqdim etilishi kerak) nasi goreng" yoki "men uchun (qovurilgan guruch") (men qovurilgan guruchni tanlayman) "degan ma'noni anglatadi, shuning uchun" membuat "/" buatkan "ishlatiladi. tushunmovchilikni oldini olish uchun.

Ba'zi jumlalarda, asosiy so'z va qo'shilgan so'zlar orasidagi ma'no boshqacha bo'lishi mumkin. Quyidagi misollarda, bangun yoki bangun tidur "uyg'onish" ma'nosini anglatadi membangun "qurish" degan ma'noni anglatadi va membangunkan "uyg'onish" degan ma'noni anglatadi

8. Saya bangun tidur, lalu makan

"Men uyg'ondim, keyin ovqatlandim"

9. Saya membangun rumah makan

"Men restoran qurayapman"

10. Saya membangunkan kakak, lalu kami makan

"Men katta akamni (yoki singlimni) uyg'otaman, keyin biz ovqatlandik"

Quyidagi misollarda, tinggal "yashash (biror joyda)" degan ma'noni anglatadi, while meninggal "o'lik" degan ma'noni anglatadi va meninggalkan "tark etish (kimdir)" degan ma'noni anglatadi

11. Saya tinggal di rumah makan

"Men restoranda yashayman"

12. Dia meninggal di rumah makan

"U restoranda vafot etdi"

13.Saya meninggalkan rumah makan

"Men restoranni tark etdim"

Ammo bunga o'xshash misollar kamdan-kam uchraydi va siz indonez tilini o'rganayotganda ushbu cheklovlarni eslab qolishingiz kerak.

Majhul nisbat

Prefiksdan foydalaning ikki xil passiv fe'lni ko'rsatish uchun. Ayni paytda, prefiks ter- tasodifan qilganingizni yoki passiv ravishda qilingan narsani bildirish uchun ishlatiladi.

Boshqa fe'llar

Prefiks ber- garchi, u ma'nosini anglatadigan ism yoki sifat bilan ishlatilishi kerak bor va bolmoqnavbati bilan. Qo'shimchasidan foydalaning (-nya) Agar ma'ruzachi siz nazarda tutayotgan aniq ob'ektni biladi deb o'ylasangiz, ismdan keyin, inglizcha "the" ga teng.

Chastotani eng yaxshi shaklda shakllaydigan fe'l shakllari "men -" / "di-" (4000), "me-kan" / "di-kan" (2000), "ber-" (2000), "ter-" ( 1000), "me-i" / "di-i" (~ 1000), qolganlari esa ozgina miqdorda.

Otlar

Ko'plik

Ko'plik ishlatilayotganda, ular ko'pincha oddiy shaklning takrorlanishi va chiziqcha bilan bog'langan. Masalan, mobil-mobil (avtomobillar) shunchaki "mobil" (mashina) ning ko'plik shakli. Ammo, ba'zi so'zlar bo'lishidan ehtiyot bo'ling etarlicha hiyla-nayrang ko'plik bo'lish, aslida birlik singari bo'lsa, masalan: laba-laba (o'rgimchak) va boshqalar "laba" (foyda). Chalkashmaslik uchun, "banyak" (ko'p) o'rniga barcha narsalar uchun ko'plik shaklida foydalanish yaxshidir: banyak laba-laba (o'rgimchaklar).

Qisqartmalar

Umumiy qisqartmalar:

Oziq-ovqat / ichimliklar

Buryam

Bubur AShirin kartoshka (Tovuq go'shti / bo'tqa)

Es Jerman

Es JerBuyuk Britaniya Kishibu (Muzli apelsin sharbati)

Ketoprak

Ketupat gage digeprak (Jakartadan siqilgan guruch pishiriqlari, tofu, guruch vermikelli va yerfıstığı sousiga sepilgan loviya nihollaridan iborat vegetarian taom.)

Migr

Mie goring (Qovurilgan makaron)

Nasgor

Nosmen goring (Qovurilgan guruch)

Mashhur avtomobil yo'llari / pullik yo'llarning nomlari

Sipularang

Salomkampek-Purvakarta-padalarang (Jakarta-Bandung pullik yo'li)

Jagoravi

Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi (Sharqiy Jakartaning janubidan G'arbiy Yavada Ciawiga boradigan avtomagistral / pullik yo'l)

Xor

Jakarta tashqi halqa yo'li (Jakartanlar odatda buni katta harflar bilan aytish o'rniga Jor deb aytishadi)

So'zlar ro'yxati

Agar qayd etilmagan bo'lsa (norasmiy), ushbu so'zlashuv kitobidagi iboralar rasmiy, odob-axloqdan foydalanadi Anda va saya navbati bilan "siz" va "men" uchun shakllar.

Asoslari

Umumiy belgilar BUKA Ochiq TUTUP Yopiq MASUK Kirish KELUAR Chiqish DORONG Durang TARIK Torting Hojatxona Tualet PRIA Erkaklar WANITA Ayollar DILARANG Taqiqlangan DILARANG MASUK! Kirish taqiqlangan Agar dilarang deb yozilgan bo'lsa, buni amalga oshirish haqida o'ylamang

Salom.

Halo. (HAH-loh)

Salom. (norasmiy)

Xay. (yuqori)

Salom. ("Musulmon")

Assalomu alaykum (ah-sah-LAH-mu ah-LEH-koom)

eslatma: agar kimdir sizga buni aytsa, javob qaytarishingiz kerak Valaykum salom (vah-ah-LEH-koom sah-LAHM) sizning e'tiqodingizdan qat'i nazar, sizga berilgan tinchlik istagini qaytarib bering. Bunday qilmaslik odob-axloq qoidalarini buzish hisoblanadi.

Qalaysiz?

Qani opa? (AH-pah KAH-bar?)

Yaxshi rahmat.

Baik, terima kasih. (bah-EE ', TREE-mah KAH-qarang)

Ismingiz nima?

Siapa nama? (qarang-AH-pah NAH-mah?)

Mening ismim ______ .

Nama saya ______. (NAH-mah SAH-yah _____.)

Tanishganimdan xursandman.

Senang bertemu Anda. (suh-NANG buhr-TUH-moo AHN-dah)

Iltimos. (kimnidir nimanidir qilishga taklif qilish)

Silakan. (SIH-lah-kahn)

Iltimos. (harakat yoki xizmat bo'yicha yordam so'rash)

Tolong (Uzoq vaqtgacha)

Iltimos. (biron bir narsani berishni so'rab)

Minta (MIN-tah)

Rahmat.

Terima kasih. (tuh-REE-mah KAH-qarang)

Salomat bo'ling.

Sama-sama. (SAH-mah SAH-mah)

Ha.

Ya (yah)

Yo'q

Tidak (TEE-dah '), Tak (tah ')

Kechirasiz. (e'tiborni jalb qilish)

Permisi (puhr-MIH-qarang)

Kechirasiz. (kechirim so'rab)

Maaf. (mah-AHF)

Uzr so'rayman.

Maafkan saya. (mah-AHF-kahn SAH-yah)

Alvido (siz ketganingizdan keyin ortda qoladigan odamga)

Selamat tinggal. (suh-LAH-mah (t) TING-gahl)

Alvido (sizni tashlab ketayotgan kishiga)

Selamat jalan. (suh-LAH-mah (t) JAH-lahn)

Xayr. Salomat bo'ling (norasmiy)

Da-da. (DAH-dah)

Ko'rishguncha

Sampai jumpa (SAM-pigh JOOM-pah)

{Language} bilan gaplasha olasizmi?

Bisakah Anda berbicara bahasa ____? (BEE-sah-kah AHN-dah buhr-bee-CHAH-rah ba-HAH-sah ____)

Ingliz tili

Ingliz (ING-griss)

Xitoy

Mandarin (mahn-dah-RIN)

Golland

Belanda (bux-LAHN-dah)

Arabcha

Arab (AH-rahb)

Yapon

Jepang (JUH-pahng)

___ nimani anglatadi?

Apa artinya ____? (AH-pah AR-tee-nyah)

Bu erda ingliz tilini biladigan odam bormi?

Adakah orang yang bisa bahasa inglizcha? (AH-dah-kah OH-rahng yahng BEE-sah ba-HAH-sah ING-griss?)

Men gapira olmayman Indoneziyalik [yaxshi].

Saya (tidak) bisa bicara bahasa Indonesia [dengan baik]. (SAH-yah (TEE-dah ') BEE-sah bee-CHA-rah ba-HAH-sah in-doh-NEE-zhah [DUHNG-an BAH-ee'])

Iltimos, sekinroq gapiring

Tolong bicara lebih pelan. (TO-uzun ari-CHA-rah LUH-ari PUH-lahn)

Men so'ramoqchiman

Saya mau bertanya. (SAH-yah MAH-oo buhr-TAH-nyah)

Yordam bering!

Tolong! (Uzoq vaqtgacha)

Kutmoq!

Tunggu! (TOONG-gooh!)

Hushyor bo'ling!

Bo'ldi! (ah-WAHSS)

Selamat pagi, Bali!

Xayrli tong (tong 11:00 gacha).

Selamat pagi. (suh-LAH-mah (t) PAH-gee)

Xayrli kun (soat 11:00 dan 15:00 gacha).

Selamat siang. (suh-LAH-mah (t) SEE-yahng)

Xayrli kun (soat 15.00 dan kechgacha).

Selamat yara. (suh-LAH-mah (t) SO-ray)

Xayrli oqshom / tun (shom va tong o'rtasida).

Selamat malam. (suh-LAH-mah (t) MAH-lahm)

Xayrli tun (agar yotoqqa qarab ketayotgan bo'lsangiz)

Selamat tidur. (suh-LAH-mah (t) TEE-eshik)

Qanday aytasiz ...?

Bagaimana Anda mengatakan ...? (bah-GIGH-mah-nah AHN-dah muh-NGA-tah-kahn ...?)

Bu nima deyiladi?

Ini / itu disebut apa? (EE-nee / EE-too dee-suh-BUT AH-pah?) / Ini / itu namanya opa? (EE-nee / EE-too NAH-mah-nyah AH-pah?)

Tushunmayapman.

Saya tidak mengerti. (SAH-yah TEE-dah 'muh-NGUHR-tee)

Xojathona qayerda?

Di mana kamar kechil? (dee MAH-nah KAHM-ar kuh-CHEEL?)

Qancha (bu turadi)?

Berapa harganya? (buh-RAH-pah HAR-gah-nyah)

Soat nechi (hozir)?

Jam berapa (sekarang)? (jahm buh-RAH-pah (suh-KAH-rahng)?)

Muammolar

Foreigner

Warga Negara Asing (WAR-gah nuh-GAH-rah AH-sing) (literally: foreign citizen) or much more common by its acronym, WNA (way-en-ah).

NOTE: the commonly used word bule ("BOO-lay") usually refers to white Caucasians. Some people consider it to be derogatory as it originates from the word for albino (bulai). Many Indonesians are unaware of this origin and use it without intending any insult.

Meni tinch qo'y.

Jangan ganggu saya! (JAHNG-ahn GAHNG-goo SAH-yah)

Menga tegmang!

Jangan pegang saya! (JAHNG-ahn PUH-gahng SAH-yah)

Men politsiyaga telefon qilaman.

Saya akan panggil polisi. (SAH-yah AH-kahn PAHNG-gihl po-LEE-see)

Politsiya!

Polisi! (po-LEE-see)

To'xta! O'g'ri!

Berhenti! Maling! (Buhr-HUHN-tee! MAH-lihng!)

Hey! Pickpocket!

Hey! Copet! (heh! CO-peh(t)!)

Men yordamingizga muhtojman.

Saya minta tolong. (SAH-yah MEEN-tah TO-long)

Bu favqulodda.

Ini darurat. (EE-nee dah-ROO-rah(t))

Yo'qolib Qoldim.

Saya tersesat. (SAH-yah tuhr-SUH-sah(t))

Men sumkamni yo'qotib qo'ydim.

Saya kehilangan tas saya. (SAH-yah kuh-HEE-lahng-ahn tahss SAH-yah)

Men hamyonimni yo'qotib qo'ydim.

Saya kehilangan dompet saya. (SAH-yah kuh-HEE-lahng-ahn DOM-peh(t) SAH-yah)

Men kasalman.

Saya sakit. (SAH-yah SAH-ki(t))

Men jarohat oldim.

Saya terluka. (SAH-yah tuhr-LOO-kah)

Menga shifokor kerak.

Saya perlu dokter. (SAH-yah PUHR-loo DOCK-tuhr)

May I use your phone?

Bolehkah saya pakai telepon Anda? (BO-leh-kah SAH-yah PAH-keh TEH-luh-pon AHN-dah?)

At the doctor's

Please be careful with my heart So'z hati (HAH-tee) in Indonesian has some very different meanings, thus be careful when using the word for one meaning or another! "heart" in the romantic or abstract sense is hati the "heart" that is the organ that pumps blood around your body is jantung (JAHN-toong) another meaning for "hati" in Indonesian is liver. In a restaurant, the dish sambal goreng hati is liver in a spicy sauce the word for "be careful" is hati-hati Take care! There are lots of children

Doctor

Dokter (DOCK-tuhr)

Nurse

Perawat (PUH-rah-wah(t)) or suster (SUS-tuhr)

Kasalxona

Rumah sakit (ROO-mah SAH-ki(t))

Medicine

Obat (O-bah(t))

Emergency room (ER)/Accident and Emergency (A&E)

Unit Gawat Darurat, normally pronounced UGD (oo-gay-day)

Pharmacy/drugstore/chemists

Apotek (AH-po-teh')

I am sick.

Saya sakit (SAH-yah SAH-ki(t))

My _____ hurts

____ saya sakit (" ____ SAH-yah SAH-ki(t)")

Painful

nyeri (NYUH-ree)

Sick/uncomfortable

sakit (SAH-ki(t))

Itchy/ticklish

gatal (GAH-tahl)

Swollen

bengkak (BUHNG-kah')

Sore

radang (RAH-dahng)

Bleeding

berdarah (buhr-DAH-rah)

Dizzy

Pusing (POO-sing)

Swallowed

Tertelan (tuhr-tuh-LAHN)

Fever

demam (DUH-mahm)

Cough

batuk (BAH-too')

Sneeze

bersin (BUHR-sin)

Diarrhea

diare (dee-ah-REH)

Vomiting

muntah(MOON-tah)

Cold/flu

pilek (PEE-luh')

Cut/wound

Luka (LOO-kah)

Burn

Luka bakar (LOO-kah BAH-kahr)

Fracture

Patah tulang (PAH-tah TOO-lahng)

Raqamlar

Cardinal numbers

Indonesian uses points/full stops for thousands and commas for decimal places, as in continental Europe. Indonesian also uses the short form like English when it comes to thousands, however the counting starts from trillion, as billion already has a term called milyar.

Knowing numbers is useful for instance when shopping on a market

0

nol (nol). You will often hear the word kosong (KO-song) meaning empty

1

satu (SAH-too)

2

dua (DOO-ah)

3

tiga (TEE-gah)

4

empat (UHM-pah(t))

5

lima (LEE-mah)

6

enam (UH-nahm)

7

tujuh (TOO-jooh)

8

delapan (duh-LAH-pahn)

9

sembilan (suhm-BEE-lahn)

10

sepuluh (suh-POO-looh)

11

sebelas (suh-buh-LAHSS)

12

dua belas (DOO-ah buh-LAHSS)

13

tiga belas (TEE-gah buh-LAHSS)

20

dua puluh (DOO-ah POO-loo)

21

dua puluh satu (DOO-ah POO-loo SAH-too)

30

tiga puluh (TEE-gah POO-loo)

50

lima puluh (LEE-mah POO-loo)

80

delapan puluh (duh-LAH-pan POO-loo)

100

seratus (suh-RAH-tuss)

120

seratus dua puluh (suh-RAH-tuss DOO-ah POO-loo)

200

dua ratus (DOO-ah RAH-tuss)

500

lima ratus (LEE-mah RAH-tuss)

1,000

seribu (suh-REE-boo)

1,100

seribu seratus (suh-REE-boo suh-RAH-tuss)

1,152

seribu seratus lima puluh dua (suh-REE-boo suh-RAH-tuss LEE-mah POO-loo DOO-ah)

1,200

seribu dua ratus (suh-REE-boo DOO-ah RAH-tuss)

1,500

seribu lima ratus (suh-REE-boo LEE-mah RAH-tuss)

2,000

dua ribu (DOO-ah REE-boo)

2,100

dua ribu seratus (DOO-ah REE-boo suh-RAH-tuss)

5,000

lima ribu (LEE-mah REE-boo)

10,000

sepuluh ribu (suh-RAH-tuss REE-boo)

11,000

sebelas ribu ("SUH-buh-lass REE-boo")

20,000

dua puluh ribu (DOO-ah POO-loo REE-boo)

A 50,000 rupiah banknote (written in shops as Rp50.000,- or sometimes just 50.)

49,000

empat puluh sembilan ribu (UHM-pah(t) POO-loh suhm-BEE-lahn REE-boo)

50,000

lima puluh ribu (LEE-mah POO-looh REE-boo)

100,000

seratus ribu (suh-RAH-tooss REE-boo)

150,000

seratus lima puluh ribu (suh-RAH-tooss LEE-mah POO-looh REE-boo)

156,125

seratus lima puluh enam ribu seratus dua puluh lima (suh-RAH-tooss LEE-mah POO-looh UH-nahm REE-boo suh-RAH-tooss DOO-ah POO-looh LEE-mah)

250,000

dua ratus lima puluh ribu (DOO-ah RAH-tooss LEE-mah POO-looh REE-boo)

500,000

lima ratus ribu (LEE-mah RAH-tooss REE-boo)

1,000,000

satu juta (SAH-too JOO-tah)

1,005,000

satu juta lima ribu (SAH-too JOO-tah LEE-mah REE-boo)

2,500,000

dua setengah juta (DOO-ah STUHNG-ah JOO-tah)

1,000,000,000

satu milyar (SAH-too MIL-yar)

1,000,000,000,000

satu trilyun ("SAH-too TRIL-yoon)

raqam _____ (poezd, avtobus va boshqalar.)

nomor _____ (NO-mor)

Ordinal

The only special word in this case:

1st

pertama("puhr-TAH-mah")

Subsequently, use the suffix "ke-" followed by the number:

2nd

kedua ("kuh-DOO-ah")

3rd

ketiga ("kuh-TEE-gah")

Other words

half

setengah (STUHNG-ah)

quarter

seperempat (suh-puhr-UHM-pah(t))

three quarter

tiga perempat (TEE-gah puhr-UHM-pah(t))

percent

persen (PUHR-sehn)

Ozroq

kurang (KOO-rahng)

Ko'proq

lebih (LUH-bee)

Vaqt

Jam Gadang clocktower, a major landmark of Bukittinggi

hozir

sekarang (suh-KAH-rahng)

keyinroq

nanti (NAHN-tee)

oldin

sebelum ("suh-BUH-lum")

keyin

sesudah/setelah ("suh-SOO-dah/suh-TUH-lah")

Soat vaqti

Indonesia uses a 24-hour format. So AM is 00.00 to 11.59, and PM is 12.00-23.59. In practice, however, people are also fine with telling time in 12-hour formats as long as the phase of the day is indicated (see below).

There are two ways to mention time: the word pukul (POOH-kool) uses the 24-hour format and is usually found in broadcasting and in written forms, meanwhile jam (JAM) uses the 12-hour format and is used in conversational settings. Hence 15.00 or 3.00 PM may be said pukul lima belas yoki jam tiga sore. Generally, both forms are well understood in public.

What time is it now?

Jam berapa sekarang? (JAM buh-RAH-pah suh-KAH-rahng?) or Pukul berapa sekarang? (POOH-kool buh-RAH-pah suh-KAH-rahng?)

NOTE: the word vaqt, when used to tell how many times or multiplications, is kali ("KAH-lee"). The word itself literally means waktu (WAH'-too). The word ‘’jam’’ also means the specific instrument that tells time and to indicate hourly duration. The word ‘’pukul’’ literally means to hit.

(Optional) Dawn (00.01-04.59)

dini hari (DEE-nee HAH-ree)

Morning (00.30-10.59)

pagi (PAH-gee)

Midday and early afternoon (11.00-14.59)

siang ("SEE-ahng")

Late afternoon (15.00-18.29)

sore/petang (so-REH/PUH-tahng)

Evening (18.30-00.29)

malam ("MAH-lahm")

When indicating the time using pukul, simply say the hour and the minute; from 1 to 9 minutes past the hour, the preceding 0 is mentioned to distinguish the hour and the minute. When using the word jam, if the minute hand indicates ten or more past the hour, the word lewat can often be skipped, hence simply saying the hour and the minute.

01.00

jam satu pagi (jahm SAH-too PAH-gee)

02.00

jam dua pagi (jahm DOO-ah PAH-gee)

02.01

jam dua lewat/lebih satu (menit) (jahm DOO-ah LEH-waht/LUH-bee SAH-too MUH-nih(t))

02.15

jam dua seperempat/jam dua lewat lima belas(jahm DOO-ah suh-puhr-uhm-PA(T)/jahm DOO-ah LEH-wa(t) LEE-mah buh-LAHSS)

02.20

jam dua lewat duapuluh (jahm DOO-ah LEH-wat DOO-ah POO-looh)

02.30

jam setengah tiga (jahm STUHNG-ah TEE-gah)

02.40

jam tiga kurang dua puluh (jahm TEE-gah KOO-rahng DOO-ah POO-looh) The equivalent of saying "twenty to three"

02.45

jam tiga kurang seperempat/jam tiga kurang lima belas (jahm TEE-gah KOO-rahng suh-puhr-UHM-pa(t)/jahm TEE-gah KOO-rahng LEE-mah buh-LAHSS)

12.00 noon

tengah hari (TUHNG-ah HAH-ree)

13.00

jam satu siang (jahm SAH-too SEE-ahng)

14.00

jam dua siang (jahm DOO-ah SEE-ahng)

24.00 or 00.00 midnight

tengah malam (TUHNG-ah MAH-lahm)

Muddati

_____ daqiqa (lar)

_____ menit (MUH-nih(t))

_____ soat (lar)

_____ jam (jahm)

_____ kun (lar)

_____ hari (HAH-ree)

_____ hafta (lar)

_____ minggu (MING-goo)

_____ oy (lar)

_____ bulan (BOO-lahn)

_____ yil (lar)

_____ tahun (TAH-hoon)

in ____

____ lagi (____ LAH-gee)

Kunlar

Beach in Java

A week is from Monday to Sunday, although in calendars, it is Sunday to Saturday.

Bugun

hari ini (HAH-ree EE-nee)

kecha

kemarin (kuh-MAH-rin)

ertaga

besok (BEH-so')

the day after tomorrow

lusa (LOO-sah)

the day before yesterday

kemarin lusa (kuh-MAH-rin LOOH-sah)

bu hafta

minggu ini (MING-goo EE-nee)

o'tgan hafta

minggu lalu (MING-goo LAH-loo)

Keyingi hafta

minggu depan (MING-goo duh-PAHN)

yakshanba

Minggu (MING-goo)

Dushanba

Senin (suh-NIN)

Seshanba

Selasa (suh-LAH-sah)

Chorshanba

Rabu (RAH-boo)

Payshanba

Kamis (KAH-mihss)

Juma

Jumat (JOO-mah(t))

Shanba

Sabtu (SAHB-too)

Oylar

Yanvar

Januari (jah-noo-AH-ree)

fevral

Februari (feh-broo-AH-ree)

Mart

Maret (MAH-ruh(t))

Aprel

April (AH-prihl)

May

Mei (May)

Iyun

Juni (JOO-nee)

Iyul

Juli (JOO-lee)

Avgust

Agustus (ah-GUS-tuss)

Sentyabr

September (sehp-TEHM-buhr)

Oktyabr

Oktober (ock-TO-buhr)

Noyabr

Nopember (no-PEHM-buhr)

Dekabr

Desember (deh-SEHM-buhr)

Date

Date formats are always day, followed by month, and year.

August 17th, 1945

17 Agustus 1945 or 17-8-1945

Saying of years before 2000 follow the cardinal order in formal settings and by double digits in informal settings - 1945 would be seribu sembilan ratus empat puluh lima in television or conferences or sembilan belas empat puluh lima in casual conversations.

Years between 2000 and 2099 inclusive are so far always pronounced in cardinal order. The year 2020 is hence always read dua ribu dua puluh.

Ranglar

Colorful clothes made of the traditional fabric batik

qora

hitam (HEE-tahm)

oq

putih (POO-teeh)

kulrang

abu-abu (AH-boo AH-boo)

qizil

merah (MEH-rah)

ko'k

biru (BEE-roo)

sariq

kuning (KOO-ning)

yashil

hijau (HEE-jow)

apelsin

jingga/oranye/oren (JING-gah/o-RAH-nyah/OH-rehn)

siyohrang

ungu (OO-ngoo)

jigarrang

coklat (CHOCK-lah(t))

gold

emas (uh-MAHSS)

kumush

perak (PEH-rah')

light

terang (TUH-rahng) or muda (MOO-dah)

pushti

pink (pin') or merah muda (MEH-rah MOO-dah)

dark

gelap (GUH-lahp) or tua (TOO-ah)

Transport

Traffic in Jakarta

Avtobus va poezd

Poezd

Kereta (kuh-REH-tah)

_____ chiptasi qancha?

Berapa harga karcis ke _____? (buh-RAH-pah har-GAH kar-CHIHSS kuh _____?)

I want to buy one ticket to _____, please.

Saya ingin membeli satu karcis ke _____. (SAH-yah IHNG-in muhm-BUH-lee SAH-too kar-CHIHSS kuh _____)

Ushbu poezd / avtobus qayerga boradi?

Kereta/bus ini ke mana? (kuh-REH-tah/beuss IH-nee kuh MAH-nah?)

_____ gacha bo'lgan poezd / avtobus qayerda?

Di mana kereta/bus ke _____? (dee MAH-nah kuh-REH-tah/beuss kuh _____?)

Bu poyezd / avtobus _____ yilda to'xtaydimi?

Apakah kereta/bus ini berhenti di _____? (AH-pah-kah kuh-REH-tah/beuss IH-nee buhr-HUHN-tee dee _____?)

What time does the train/bus for _____ leave?

Jam berapa kereta/bus ke _____ berangkat? (jahm buh-RAH-pah kuh-REH-tah/beuss kuh _____ buh-RAHNG-kah(t)?)

What time does this train/bus arrive in _____?

Jam berapa kereta/bus ini sampai di _____? (jahm buh-RAH-pah kuh-REH-tah/beuss IH-nee SAHM-pigh dee _____?)

Yo'nalishlar

Men ... ga qanday borsam bo'ladi _____ ?

Bagaimana saya pergi ke _____ ? (Bah-GIGH-mah-nah SAH-yah puhr-GEE kuh ____)

... temir yo'l stantsiyasi?

...stasiun kereta api? (STAHS-yoon kuh-REH-tah AH-pee?)

... avtobus bekati?

...terminal bus? (TUHR-mihn-ahl beuss)

... aeroportmi?

...bandara? (bahn-DAH-rah)

... shahar markazida?

...pusat kota? (POO-sah(t) KOH-tah)

... _____ mehmonxonami?

... hotel _____ ? (HO-tehl ____)

...the American/Canadian/Australian/British embassy/consulate?

... Kedutaan Besar/Konsulat Amerika/Kanada/Australia/Inggris ? (kuh-DOO-tah-ahn buh-SAR/KON-soo-lah(t) ...)

Qaerda juda ko'p ...

Di mana ada banyak... (dee MAH-nah AH-dah BAHN-yah')

... mehmonxonalarmi?

...hotel? (HO-tehl)

... inn?

...penginapan (puhng-ihn-AHP-ahn)

... restoranlarmi?

...rumah makan/restoran? (ROO-mah MAH-kahn yoki REHST-tor-ahn)

... bar?

...bar? (bar)

... ko'rish uchun saytlarmi?

...tempat-tempat wisata? (TUHM-pah(t) TUHM-pah(t) wee-SAH-tah?)

Xaritada ko'rsatib berasizmi?

Bisakah Anda tunjukkan di peta? (BEE-sah-kah AHN-dah TOON-jook-kahn dee PEH-tah?)

ko'cha

jalan (JAH-lahn)

chap

kiri (KEEH-ree)

to'g'ri

kanan (KAH-nahn)

to'g'ri yo'nalishda

lurus (LOO-rooss)

_____ tomon

menuju _____ (muh-NOO-joo)

_____ dan o'tgan

melewati _____ (muh-LEH-wah-tee)

_____ dan oldin

sebelum _____ (suh-BUH-loom)

after the ____

sesudah ____ (suh-SOO-dah)

yaqinida

dekat _____ (DEH-kaht)

in front of

di depan _____ (dih duh-PAHN)

Intersection in Yogyakarta

kesishish

persimpangan (puhr-sim-PAHNG-ahn)

(over) there

(di) sana ((dih) SAH-nah)

(over) here

(di) sini ((dih) SEE-nee)

shimoliy

utara (oo-TAH-rah)

janub

selatan (suh-LAH-tahn)

sharq

timur (TEE-moor)

g'arb

barat (BAH-raht)

north-east

timur laut (TEE-moor LAH-oot)

north-west

barat laut (BAH-raht LAH-oot)

south-east

tenggara (tuhng-GAH-rah)

south-west

barat daya (BAH-raht DAH-yah)

Taxis and ride-sharing

Taxis are pretty dependable in most cities and large towns

Taksi!

Taksi! (TAHCK-see)

Iltimos, meni _____ ga olib boring.

Tolong antar saya ke _____. (TOH-long AHN-tar SAH-yah kuh ____ )

_____ ga borish uchun qancha pul ketadi?

Berapa harganya ke _____? (buh-RAH-pah har-GAH-nyah kuh ____ )

Chapga buriling.

Belok kiri. (BEH-lo' KEE-ree)

O'ng tomonga buriling.

Belok kanan. (BEH-lo' KAH-nahn)

Turn around. (U-turn)

Putar balik. (POO-tar BAH-lee')

_____ ni tomosha qiling.

Lihat _____. (LEE-hah(t) ____)

Stop here.

Berhenti di sini. (buhr-HUHN-tee dih SEE-nee)

Wait here.

Tunggu di sini. (TUNG-goo dih SEE-nee)

Yashash

Evening view to the sea from a "splurge" hotel in Bali

Sizda mavjud xonalar bormi?

Apakah Anda punya kamar kosong? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah POON-nyaa KAH-mar KOH-song?)

Bir kishi / ikki kishi uchun xona qancha?

Berapa harga kamar untuk satu/dua orang? (buh-RAH-pah HAR-gah KAHM-ahr OON-too' SAH-too/DOO-ahO-rahng?)

Xona bilan birga keladimi ...

Apakah kamarnya ada... (AH-pah-kah KAH-mar-nyah AH-dah)

...choyshab?

...seprei? (suh-PREH)

... hammommi?

...kamar mandi? (KAH-mar MAHN-dee)

... telefonmi?

...telepon? (TEH-luh-pon)

... televizormi?

...Televisi/TV? (TEH-luh-VI-see/TEE-fee)

...a refrigerator

...kulkas? (KOOL-kahs)

Avval xonani ko'rsam bo'ladimi?

Bolehkah saya lihat kamarnya dulu? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah LEE-ah(t) KAH-mar-nyah DOO-loo?)

Sizda jimroq narsa bormi?

Apakah ada kamar yang lebih tenang? (AH-pah-kah AH-dah KA-mar yahng LUH-bee TUH-nahng)

... kattaroqmi?

...besar? (buh-SAR?)

... tozalovchi?

...bersih? (buhr-SIH?)

...arzonroq?

...murah? (MOO-rah?)

OK, men olaman.

Baik saya ambil. (bigh', SAH-yah AHM-bihl)

Men _____ kecha turaman.

Saya akan tinggal selama _____ malam. (SAH-yah AH-kahn TING-gahl suh-LAH-mah ____ MAH-lahm.)

Boshqa mehmonxona taklif qila olasizmi?

Bisakah Anda menyarankan hotel lainnya? (BEE-sah-kah AHN-dah muh-NYA-rahn-kahn HO-tehl LIGH-nyah?)

Sizda seyf bormi?

Apakah Anda punya brankas? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah POO-nyah BRAHN-kahs?)

... shkaflarmi?

...lemari berkunci? (luh-MAH-ree buhr-KOON-chee)

Nonushta / kechki ovqatmi?

Apakah sudah termasuk sarapan/makan malam? (AH-pah-kah SOO-dah tuhr-MAH-sook SAH-rah-pahn/MAH-kahn MAH-lahm)

Nonushta / kechki ovqat necha soat?

Jam berapa mulai sarapan/makan malam? (jahm BUH-rah-pah muh-LIGH SAH-rah-pahn/MAH-kahn MAH-lahm?)

Iltimos, mening xonamni tozalang.

Tolong bersihkan kamar saya. (TOH-long BUHR-sih-kahn KAH-mahr SAH-yah)

Meni _____ da uyg'otishingiz mumkinmi?

Bisakah saya dibangunkan jam _____? (BEE-sah-kah SAH-yah dih-BAHNG-oon-kahn jahm ____)

Men tekshirmoqchiman.

Saya mau check out. (SAH-yah MAH-hoo chehck owt)

Pul

A full spread of newer Indonesian banknotes

Amerika / Avstraliya / Kanada dollarlarini qabul qilasizmi?

Apakah Anda menerima dollar Amerika/Australia/Kanada? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah muh-nuh-REE-mah DO-lar ah-MEH-ree-kah/os-TRAH-lee-ah/KAH-nah-dah)

Siz ingliz funtini qabul qilasizmi?

Apakah Anda menerima poundsterling Inggris? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah muh-nuh-REE-mah pon-stuhr-lihng IHNG-grihss)

Siz kredit kartalar qabul qilasizmi?

Apakah Anda menerima kartu kredit? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah muh-nuh-REE-mah KAR-too KREH-di(t))

Men uchun pulni o'zgartira olasizmi?

Bisakah Anda tukar uang untuk saya? (BEE-sah-kah AHN-dah TOO-kar OO-ahng OON-tu' SAH-yah)

O'zgartirilgan pulni qaerdan olsam bo'ladi?

Di mana saya bisa tukar uang? (dih MAH-nah SAH-yah BEE-sah TOO-kar OO-ahng)

Men uchun sayohat chekini o'zgartira olasizmi?

Bisakah Anda tukar cek perjalanan? (BEE-sah-kah AHN-dah TOO-kar chehk puhr-JAH-lah-nahn)

Sayohat chekini qayerdan almashtirishim mumkin?

Di mana saya bisa tukar cek perjalanan? (DIH MAH-nah SAH-yah BEE-sah TOO-kar chehck puhr-JAH-lah-nahn)

Valyuta kursi qanday?

Berapa kursnya? (buh-RAH-pah KEURS-nyah)

Bankomat (ATM) qayerda?

Di mana ada ATM? (dih MAH-nah AH-dah AH-TEH-EHM)

Ovqatlanish

Edible adjectives asin (AH-sihn) Salty asam (AH-sahm) Sour manis (MAH-nihss) Sweet pedas (puh-DAHS) Hot (spicy) pahit (PAH-hee(t)) Bitter enak (EH-nah') Delicious tawar (TAH-wahr) Tasteless dingin (DIHNG-ihn) Cold sejuk (SUH-ju') Cool hangat (HAHNG-ah(t)) Warm panas (PAH-nahss) Hot (temperature) Finding the tea too sweet? Sinab ko'ring teh tawar instead

Iltimos, bitta kishiga / ikki kishiga mo'ljallangan stol.

Tolong beri saya satu meja untuk satu/dua orang. (TOH-long BUH-ree SAH-yah SAH-too MEH-jah OON-too' SAH-too/DOO-ah O-rahng)

Iltimos, menyuga qarasam bo'ladimi?

Bolehkah saya lihat menunya? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah LEE-ah(t) MEH-noo-nyah)

Uy ixtisosligi bormi?

Adakah makanan istimewa? (AH-dah-kah MAH-kah-nahn IHS-tee-MEH-wah?)

Mahalliy mutaxassislik bormi?

Adakah makanan khas daerah ini? (AH-dah-kah MAH-kah-nahn khass dah-EH-rah IH-nee)

Men vegetarianman.

Saya vegetarian. (SAH-yah VEH-geh-TAH-ree-ahn)

Men cho'chqa go'shtini yemayman.

Saya tidak makan babi. (SAH-yah TEE-dah' MAH-kahn BAH-bee)

Men mol go'shtini yemayman.

Saya tidak makan sapi. (SAH-yah TEE-dah' MAH-kahn SAH-pee)

I don't eat seafood.

Saya tidak makan hasil laut (SAH-yah TEE-dah' MAH-kahn HAH-sihl LAH-oo(t))

Iltimos, uni "lite" qila olasizmi? (kamroq yog '/ sariyog' / cho'chqa yog'i)

Bisakah dibuat dengan minyak sedikit saja? (BEE-sah-kah dee-BU-ah(t) DUHNG-ahn MIN-yah' suh-DEE-ki(t) SAH-jah?)

Men xohlardimki _____.

Saya mau pesan _____. (SAH-yah MAH-oo puh-SAHN)

nonushta

sarapan (pagi) (SAH-rah-pahn (PAH-gee))

tushlik

makan siang (MAH-kahn SEE-ahng)

dinner/supper

makan malam (MAH-kahn MAH-lahm)

snack

camilan (CHAH-mee-lahn)

Menga _____ ta idish kerak.

Saya mau makanan yang mengandung _____. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MAH-kah-nahn yahng muhng-AHN-doong)

I'm allergic to ____

Saya alergi akan ____ (SAH-yah AH-luhr-gee AH-kahn ____)

tovuq

ayam (AH-yahm)

mol go'shti

daging sapi (DAH-ging SAH-pee)

baliq

ikan (EE-kahn)

pork

daging babi (DAH-ging BAH-bee)

lamb

daging kambing (DAH-ging KAHM-bing)

prawn

udang (OO-dahng)

crab

kepiting (KUH-pit-ing)

squid

cumi (CHOO-mee)

oyster

tiram (TEE-rahm)

kolbasa

sosis (SO-siss)

pishloq

keju (KEH-joo)

tuxum

telur (tuh-LOOR)

tofu

tahu (TAH-hoo)

tempeh

tempe (TEHM-peh)

Just some of the vegetable bounty of Padang Panjang in West Sumatra

(yangi) sabzavotlar

sayuran (SAH-yoo-rahn)

cucumber

timun (TEE-mun)

carrot

wortel (WOR-tehl)

lettuce

selada (suh-LAH-dah)

cauliflower

kembang kol (KUHM-bahng kol)

tomato

tomat (TOH-mah(t))

corn

jagung (JAH-goong)

water spinach (a common leafy vegetable)

kangkung (KAHNG-koong)

amaranth/spinach

bayam (BAH-yahm)

squash

labu (LAH-boo)

bean

kacang (KAH-chahng)

potato

kentang (KUHN-tahng)

cassava

singkong (SING-kong)

purple yam

ubi (OO-bee)

sweet potato

ubi jalar (OO-bee JAH-lar)

piyoz

bawang bombay (BAH-wahng BOM-bay)

garlic

bawang putih (BAH-wahng POO-tee)

shallot

bawang merah (BAH-wahng MEH-rah)

mushroom

jamur (JAH-moor)

An array of tropical fruits sold in Bali

(yangi) mevalar

buah (BOO-ah)

apple

apel (AH-pehl)

banana

pisang (PEE-sahng)

apelsin

jeruk (JUH-roo')

watermelon

semangka (suh-MAHNG-kah)

grape

anggur (AHNG-goor)

papaya

pepaya (puh-PAH-yah)

mango

mangga (MAHNG-gah)

guava

jambu (JAHM-boo)

ananas

nanas (NAH-nahss)

persimmon

kesemek (kuh-SEH-me')

cantaloupe

blewah (BLEH-wah)

melon

melon (MEH-lon)

coconut

kelapa (kuh-LAH-pah)

starfruit

belimbing (buh-LIM-beeng)

jackfruit

nangka (NAHNG-kah)

breadfruit

sukun (SOO-kuhn)

rambutan

rambutan (RAHM-boo-tahn)

mangosteen

manggis (MAHNG-gihss)

soursop

sirsak (SEER-sah')

durian

durian/duren (DOO-ree-ahn/DOO-rehn)

Sundanese dishes at a food stall

Bread

Roti (ROH-tee)

Toast

Roti bakar (ROH-tee BAH-kar)

Noodles

Mie (mee)

Guruch

Nasi (NAH-see)

Porridge

Bubur (BOO-boor)

Beans or nuts

Kacang (KAH-chahng)

Ice cream

Es krim (ess krim)

Cake

Kue (KOO-eh)

Soup

Sup/soto (soup/SOH-toh)

Spoon

Sendok (SUHN-do')

Fork

Garpu (GAR-poo)

Knife

Pisau (PEE-sow)

Chopsticks

Sumpit (SOOM-pi(t))

Excuse me, waiter! (server e'tiborini jalb qilish)

Permisi! (PUHR-mih-see)

Menga bir stakan _____ bering?

Bolehkah saya minta satu gelas _____? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah MIN-tah SAH-too guh-LAHSS_____?)

Bir chashka _____ bera olasizmi?

Bolehkah saya minta satu cangkir_____? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah MIN-tah SAH-too CHAHNG-keer _____?)

Bir shisha _____ ichsam bo‘ladimi?

Bolehkah saya minta satu botol _____? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah MIN-tah SAH-too BOH-tol _____?)

Kofe

Kopi (KO-pee)

Tea

Teh (teh)

Sharbat

Jus (joos)

Sparkling water

Air soda (AH-eer SOH-dah)

Water

Air (AH-eer)

Pivo

Bir (pivo)

Red/white wine

Anggur merah/putih (AHNG-goor MEH-rah/POO-tee)

Menga _____ bering?

Bolehkah saya minta _____? (BOH-leh-kah SAH-yah MIN-tah)

Tuz

Garam (GAH-ram)

Black pepper

Lada hitam (LAH-dah HEE-tahm)

Chili sauce

Saus sambal (SAH-ooss SAHM-bahl)

Tomato sauce

Saus tomat (SAH-ooss TOH-mah(t))

Butter

Mentega (muhn-TEH-gah)

Men tugatdim.

Saya sudah selesai (SAH-yah SOO-dah suh-luh-SIGH)

I'm full.

Saya kenyang (SAH-yah KUH-nyahng)

U shirin ekan.

Tadi enak rasanya. (TAH-dee EH-nah' RAH-sah-nyah)

Iltimos, plitalarni tozalang.

Tolong ambil piringnya. (TO-long AHM-bil PIH-ring-nyah)

Please clean the table.

Tolong bersihkan mejanya. (TOH-long BUHR-seeh-kahn MEH-jah-nyah)

The check/bill, please.

Minta bon. (MIN-tah bon)

Barlar

Mini bar in the town of Bira, Sulawesi. Bir is beer in Indonesian.

Siz spirtli ichimliklar bilan xizmat qilasizmi?

Apakah menyajikan alkohol? (AH-pah-kah muh-NYAH-jee-kahn AHL-koh-hol?)

I want a beer/two beers.

Saya mau minta satu/dua bir. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah SAH-too/DOO-ah beer)

I want a glass of red/white wine

Saya mau minta satu gelas anggur merah/putih. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah SAH-too guh-LAHSS AHNG-goor MEH-rah/POO-tee)

I want a bottle

Saya mau minta satu botol. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah SAH-too BO-tol)

_____ (liquor) va _____ (mikser), Iltimos.

Saya mau minta _____ dan _____. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah ___ dahn ___)

Viski

Whisky (WIS-kee)

Vodka

Vodka (VOD-kah)

ROM

Rum (rahm)

Local palm nectar spirit

Arak (AH-rah')

Water

Air putih (AH-eer POO-tee)

Sparkling water

Air soda (AH-eer SOH-dah)

Tonic water

Air tonik (AH-eer TO-ni')

(Orange) juice

Jus (jeruk) (juss JUH-roo')

Coca Cola

Coca Cola (KOH-kah KOH-lah)

Barda yengil taomlaringiz bormi?

Apakah ada makanan kecil? (AH-pah-kah AH-dah MAH-kah-nahn KUH-cheel)

Yana bitta, iltimos.

Saya mau minta satu lagi. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah SAH-too LAH-gee)

Iltimos, yana bir tur.

Saya mau minta satu ronde lagi. (SAH-yah MAH-oo MIN-tah SAH-too RON-deh LAH-gee)

Yopish vaqti qachon?

Jam berapa tutup? (jahm buh-RAH-pah TOO-too(p)?)

Cheers!

Bersulang! (Buhr-SOOH-lang)

Xarid qilish

Sell

Jual (JOO-ahl)

Sotib oling

Beli (BUH-lee)

Savdo-sotiq

Tawar (TAH-wahr) (NOTE: the word can also mean to offer)

Sizda bu mening o'lchamimda bormi?

Apakah ini ada yang ukuran saya? (AH-pah-kah IH-nee AH-dah yahng OO-koo-rahn SAH-yah?)

Bu qancha turadi?

Berapa harganya? (buh-RAH-pah HAR-gah-nyah?)

Bu juda qimmat.

Terlalu mahal. (tuhr-LAH-loo MAH-hahl)

_____ qabul qilasizmi?

Kalau _____ bagaimana? (KAH-low ____ BAH-gigh-MAH-nah?)

Expensive

Mahal (mah-HAHL)

Arzon

Murah (MOO-rah)

Men bunga qodir emasman.

Saya tidak mampu beli itu. (SAH-yah TEE-dah' MAHM-poo BUH-lee IH-too)

Men buni xohlamayman.

Saya tidak mau (SAH-yah TEE-dah' MAH-oo)

Siz meni aldayapsiz.

Kau menipu saya (KAH-oo muh-NEE-poo SAH-yah)

Menga qiziqarli emas.

Saya tidak tertarik. (SAH-yah TEE-dah' tuhr-TAH-ri')

The quality is bad/not good.

Kualitasnya jelek/tidak bagus. (kwah-lee-TAHS-nyah JUH-leh'/TEE-dah' BAH-gooss)

OK, I'll buy it.

Baiklah, saya beli. (BIGHK-lah, SAH-yah BUH-lee)

Siz (chet elda) jo'natasizmi?

Bisakah dikirim (ke luar negeri)? (BEE-sah-kah dee-KIH-rim (kuh LOO-ahr nuh-GREE?))

Shoes in an Indonesian department store

Men muhtojman...

Saya perlu... (SAH-yah PUHR-loo...)

...tish pastasi.

...pasta gigi/odol. (PAHS-tah GEE-gee, O-dol)

... tish cho'tkasi.

...sikat gigi. (SEE-kah(t) GIH-gee)

...condoms.

...kondom. (KON-dom)

... tamponlar.

...softek/pembalut. (puhm-BAH-loot)

... sovun.

...sabun. (SAH-boon)

... shampun.

...sampo. (SAHM-poh)

...pain relief.

...obat pereda sakit. (O-baht puh-REH-dah SAH-keet)

... sovuq dori.

...obat pilek. (O-baht PIH-luh')

...upset stomach medicine.

...obat sakit perut. (O-baht SAH-kee(t) PUH-roo(t))

... ustara.

...cukuran. (CHUH-koor-ahn)

... soyabon.

...payung. (PAH-yoong)

... otkritka.

...kartu pos. (KAR-too poss)

... pochta markalari.

...perangko. (puh-RAHNG-koh)

... batareyalar.

...baterai. (BAH-tuh-ray)

... yozuv qog'ozi.

...kertas. (KUHR-tahss)

... qalam.

...pulpen. (POOL-pehn)

... ingliz tilidagi kitoblar.

...buku-buku bahasa Inggris. (BOO-koo boo-koo bah-HAH-sah ING-griss)

... ingliz tilidagi jurnallar.

...majalah bahasa Inggris. (mah-JAH-lah bah-HAH-sah ING-griss)

... ingliz tilidagi gazeta.

...surat kabar/koran (bahasa Inggris). (SOO-rah(t) KAH-bar/KOR-ahn (bah-HAH-sah ING-gris))

NOTE: the Islamic holy book is referred to as al-Quran (ahl KOOR-ahn)

...an English-Indonesian dictionary.

...kamus Inggris-Indonesia. (KAH-mooss ING-griss in-doh-NEH-zhah)

Oila

Wedding procession in Lombok

Are you married?

Apakah Anda sudah menikah? (AH-pah-kah AHN-dah SOO-dah muh-NEE-kah?)

I am married.

Saya sudah menikah (SAH-yah SOO-dah muh-NEE-kah.)

I am not married yet.

Saya belum menikah (SAH-yah buh-LOOM muh-NEE-kah.)

Birodarlaringiz va singillaringiz bormi?

Apakah punya saudara? (AH-pah-kah POON-yah sow-DAH-rah?)

Sizning farzandlaringiz bormi?

Sudah punya anak? (SOO-dah POON-yah AHN-ah '' '?)

Ota

Oyah (AH-yah)

Ona

Ibu (IH-boo)

Katta aka

Kakak laki-laki (KAH-kah 'LAH-kee LAH-kee)

Katta opam

Kakak perempuan (KAH-kah 'puh-RUHM-poo-WAHN)

Uka

Adik laki-laki (AH-di 'LAH-kee LAH-kee)

Singil

Adik perempuan (AH-di 'puh-RUHM-poo-WAN)

Bobosi

Kakek (KAH-keh ')

Buvi

Nenek (NEH-neh ')

Amaki

Paman (PAH-mahn) / om (oh)

Xola

Bibi (BIH-ari) / tante (TAHN-tuh)

Er

Suami (SWAH-mee)

Xotini

Istri (ISS daraxti)

O'g'il

Putra (POO-trah)

Qizim

Putri (POO-daraxt)

Nabira

Cucu (CHOO-choo)

Amakivachcha

Sepupu (suh-POO-poo)

Jiyan / jiyan

Keponakan (kuh-POH-nah-kahn)

Ota / qaynona

Mertua (muhr-TOO-ah)

O'g'il / kelin

Menantu (muh-NAHN ham)

Haydash

Bali bezatilgan pullik maydonchasi

Men mashina ijaraga olmoqchiman

Saya mau sewa mobil. (SAH-yah MAH-oo SAY-wah MO-beel)

Sug'urtalash mumkinmi?

Bisakah saya minta asuransi? (BEE-sah-kah SAH-yah MIN-tah ah-soo-RAHN-qarang)

Yo'l harakati

Lalu lintass (LAH-loo LIN-tahslar)

Harakat tirbandligi

Macet (MAH-cheh (t))

To'xta!

Berhenti! (buhr-HUHN-tee)

To'xta (ko'cha belgisida)

To'xta

Bir tomonga

Satu arah (SAH ham AH-rah)

To'xtab turish taqiqlangan

Dilarang parkir (DEE-lah-rahng PAR-keer)

Boshi berk

Jalan buntu (JAH-lahn BOON-ham)

Baxtsiz hodisa

Kecelakaan (kuh-chuh-LAH-kah-ahn)

Gaz (benzin) stantsiya

Pom bensin (pom BEHN-zeen)

Benzin / benzin

Bensin (BEHN-zeen)

Dizel

Quyosh (SOH-lar)

Vakolat

Jakartadagi yo'l harakati politsiyasi

Nima bo'ldi?

Apa yang terjadi? (AH-pah yahng tuhr-JAH-dee?)

Nima qilyapsiz?

Apa yang sedang Anda lakukan (AH-pah yang SUH-dahng AHN-dah LAH-koo-kahn)

Men hech qanday yomon ish qilmadim.

Saya tidak berbuat salah. (SAH-yah TEE-dah 'buhr-BOO-ah (t) SAH-lah)

Bu tushunmovchilik edi.

Itu kesalahpahaman. (IH-too kuh-SAH-lah-PAH-hahm-ahn)

Meni qayerga olib borayapsiz?

Ke mana saya dibawa? (kuh MAH-nah SAH-yah dee-BAH-wah?)

Men hibsga olinganmanmi?

Apakah saya ditahan? (AH-pah-kah SAH-yah dee-TAH-han?)

Men amerikalik / avstraliyalik / britaniyalik / kanadalikman.

Saya warga negara Amerika / Avstraliya / Ingliz / Kanada. (SAH-yah WAR-gah nuh-GAH-rah ah-MEH-ree-kah / oss-TRAH-lee-yah / ING-gris / KAH-nah-dah)

Men Amerika / Avstraliya / Britaniya / Kanada elchixonasi / konsulligi bilan gaplashmoqchiman.

Saya ingin bicara dengan Kedutaan Besar / Konsulat Amerika / Avstraliya / Inggris / Kanada. (SAH-yah ING-in bih-CHAH-rah DUHNG-ahn kuh-DOO-tah-ahn / kon-SOO-laht ah-MEH-ree-kah / oss-TRAH-lee-yah / ING-gris / KAH-nah -da)

Men advokat bilan gaplashmoqchiman.

Saya mau bicara dengan pengacara. (SAH-yah MAH-oo asalari-CHAH-rah DUHNG-ahn puhng-ah-CHAH-rah)

Hozir shu erda jarima to'lasam bo'ladimi?

Bisakah saya bayar denda di tempat saja? (BEE-sah-kah SAH-yah BAH-yar DUHN-dah dih TUHM-pah (t) SAH-jah?)

Izoh: Kontekstdan pora taklif qilmasligingiz aniq ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling. Agar ular pora so'rasalar, ular ushbu iborani ishlatishi mumkin uang damai (OO-ahng DAH-migh) (tinchlik uchun pul).

Mamlakat va hudud nomlari

Umuman olganda, mamlakatlar nomlari o'zlarining rasmiy ismlarini saqlab qolishadi yoki ingliz tilidan qarzga olingan bo'lib, ba'zi bir imlo va talaffuz moslashuvlari indoneziyalik ma'ruzachilarga mos keladi. Bilan tugaydigan ismlar - er (ya'ni Polsha, Finlyandiya, Irlandiya yoki Islandiya) odatda oladi -landiya (mos ravishda Polsha, Finlyandiya, Irlandiya, Islandiya). Istisnolar quyida keltirilgan.

Milliylikni ko'rsatish uchun so'zni shaxs uchun ishlating to'q sariq (OH-qo'ng'iroq) va undan keyin mamlakat nomi.

Jazoir

Aljazair (AHL-jah-ZAH-yeer)

Belgiya

Belgiya (Bél-gi-yah)

Kambodja

Kamboja (qahm-BOH-jah)

Kipr

Siprus (Proe-ni ko'ring)

Chexiya Respublikasi

Ceko Respublikasi (reh-POOB-li 'CHÉH-koh)

Xitoy

Tiongkok (tee-ONG-ko '); Xitoycha: Tionghoa (tee-ONG-hwah)
"Cina" atamasi hanuzgacha malay tilida Xitoyga nisbatan ishlatilgan bo'lsa, bugungi kunda indonez tilida bu haqoratli hisoblanadi.

Sharqiy Timor

Timor Leste (TEE-moor LÉST-teh)
Ismlar nomlangan mamlakatni Timur Temuriga so'zma-so'z tarjima qilish yomon ko'rilmoqda, chunki bu nom tarixiy ravishda Indoneziyadan mustaqillikka erishguniga qadar ishlatilgan.

Misr

Mesir (MEH-ko'ruvchi)

Frantsiya

Perancis (puh-RAHN-chiss)

Germaniya

Jerman (JEHR-mahn)

Gretsiya

Yunani (Yo-NAH-nee)

Vengriya

Vengriya (hoong-GAH-ree-yah)

Italiya

Italiya (ih-TAH-lee-yah)

Yaponiya

Jepang (JEH-pang)

Iordaniya

Yordaniya (yor-DAH-nee-ah)

Maldiv orollari

Maladeva (mah-lah-DÉH-wah)

Marokash

Maroko (mah-RO-koh)

Nederlandiya

Belanda (buh-LAN-dah)

Yangi Zelandiya

Selandiya Baru (seh-LAN-dee-ah BAH-roo)

Shimoliy Koreya

Koreya Utara (koh-RÉ-yah oo-TAH-RAH)

Norvegiya

Norvegiya (na-WÉH-gi-yah)

Falastin

Falastin (pal-les-TEE-nah)

Filippinlar

Filippin (fih-lih-PI-nah)

Singapur

Singapur (ashula-ah-bechora-ah)

Janubiy Afrika

Afrika Selatan (AHF-ree-kah suh-LAH-tahn)

Janubiy Koreya

Koreya Selatan (koh-RÉ-yah suh-LAH-tahn)

Ispaniya

Spanyol (SPAN-yol)

Shvetsiya

Shved (SWÉ-dee-yah)

Suriya

Suriya (SOO-re-yah)

Shveytsariya

Shveytsariya (Shveytsariya)

BAA

Uni Amirligi Arab (OO-nee ÉH-mee-raht AH-rab)

Buyuk Britaniya

rasmiy ravishda Britaniya Raya (brih-TAH-nih-yah RAH-yah), lekin indoneziyaliklar odatda foydalanadilar Ingliz (ING-griss), Angliya uchun so'z. Siz so'zlardan foydalanishingiz mumkin Skotlandiya, Uels (WAH-lehss) va Irlandiya Utara (ihr-LAHND-ee-yah oo-TAH-rah) mamlakat haqiqatan ham qanday shakllanganligini tushuntirish.

AQSH

Amerika Serikat (ah-MÉH-ree-kah SUH-ree-kah (t))

Ko'proq o'rganish

• Wikibooks-da indonez tilini o'rganish