Finlyandiya milliy bog'lari mamlakatning aksariyat hududlarida uchraydi. Quyida milliy bog'lardan tashqari, ba'zi boshqa muhofaza qilinadigan hududlar, shuningdek, milliy sayr qilish zonalari va Finlyandiya Laplandiyasining cho'l hududlari keltirilgan.
Finlyandiya turli xil tabiatga ega, o'rmonlar, qulashlar, botqoqlar, botqoqlar, ko'llar va ko'plab parklarda joylashgan orollar. Bir nechta bog'larda Inson va tabiatning o'zaro ta'siri markaziy mavzudir. Finlyandiya aholisi kam bo'lganligi sababli, ko'pincha taniqli bo'lmagan bog'larda va hatto mashhur parklarda ham tabiat bilan yolg'iz qolish mumkin.
Tushuning
Bog'lar kirish yoki piyoda yurish uchun to'lovlarsiz jamoatchilik uchun ochiq. Ko'pchilik piyoda yurish yo'llari, kottejlar, gahtilar va saunalarni ijaraga olish kabi xizmatlarga ega. The kirish huquqi parklarda odatda biroz cheklangan, ammo taklif qilinadigan bepul xizmatlar aksariyat tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun buning o'rnini qoplashi kerak. Milliy bog'lar va qat'iy tabiat qo'riqxonalari har doim davlat tasarrufidagi erlarda, ammo boshqa muhofaza qilinadigan hududlar boshqa sub'ektlar, hatto xususiy mulk egalari erlarida bo'lishi mumkin.
Quyida keltirilgan aksariyat hududlarda tabiat yo'llari mavjud. Eng kichik joylardan tashqari deyarli barchasida dam olish joylari mavjud (gulxan yoqiladigan joylar va chuqur hojatxonalar mavjud), kattaroq joylarda piyoda yurish yo'llari va ba'zi turar-joy binolari (ko'pincha egiluvchan boshpanalar, shimolda keng tarqalgan ochiq sahro kulbalari, ommabop) maydonlar, shuningdek, ijaraga berish kabinalari).
Berry va qo'ziqorinlarni yig'ish, odatda, qutulish mumkin bo'lgan turlarga nisbatan. Odatda milliy bog'larda va qo'riqxonalarda boshqa narsalarni (masalan, hasharotlar, o'simliklar yoki toshlar) olish taqiqlanadi. Bir necha istisnolardan tashqari itlar tasmada saqlanishi kerak; odamlarni itlarini qo'yib yuborayotganlarini ko'rishingiz mumkin, lekin hatto do'stona it ham, ayniqsa, uya qushlari va kiyiklar orasida vayronagarchiliklarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.
Ma'lumotlar odatda ingliz tilida mavjud, ammo ba'zilari (masalan, tabiat yo'llari bo'ylab ko'plab ma'lumot taxtalari) faqat fin tilida yoki fin va shved yoki sami tillarida bo'lishi mumkin.
Haqiqatan ham katta bog'larning aksariyati shimoliy Sami viloyatida joylashgan. Bog'larning qoidalari samilarning an'anaviy turmush tarzini buzmaslikka harakat qiladi. Shunday qilib, masalan. kiyik kiyish, ov qilish, baliq ovlash, uy ehtiyojlari uchun o'tin olish va hattoki haydash aksar hollarda taqiqlangan joylarda ham mahalliy aholi uchun ruxsat etiladi. Mahalliy aholi etarlicha kam, chunki bu odatda hududlarning ekologiyasiga tahdid solmaydi.
Milliy bog'lar, sayr qilish joylari va cho'l zonalari
Milliy bog'lar Finlyandiya tabiatini oddiy qishloq joylaridan tashqari ko'rishni istaganlar uchun asosiy yo'nalishlar. Ular har doim tabiat ko'rish yoki ta'lim olish uchun umumiy manfaatdor deb hisoblanadigan davlat mulkida. Milliy bog'lar har doim tabiatni muhofaza qilish zonasi bo'lgani uchun, cheklovlar mavjud kirish huquqi: toshlarni, o'simliklarni (qutulish mumkin bo'lgan qo'ziqorin va mevalardan tashqari) yoki hasharotlarni yig'ish odatda taqiqlanadi, yovvoyi lagerga faqat ma'lum joylarda ruxsat beriladi va ba'zi joylarga kirish taqiqlanishi mumkin. Uy hayvonlari bo'shashmasligi mumkin. Yo'llar, boshpanalar va gulxan joylari kabi xizmatlar, aksariyat tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun buning o'rnini qoplaydi. Ko'zda tutilgan park qoidalari bilan tanishib chiqing, ayniqsa siz shunchaki belgilangan yo'llarda yurmasangiz. Bog'lar tomonidan saqlanadi Metsähallitus, Finlyandiya o'rmon xo'jaligi ma'muriyati.
The milliy yurish joylari piyoda sayr qilish va mintaqaning tabiati bilan tanishish uchun juda ko'p qirrali va hech bo'lmaganda buzilmagan ko'rinadigan joylarni taklif etadi. Tabiat tegmagan bo'lishi mumkin, lekin hech bo'lmaganda o'rmon xo'jaligi trekker uchun ko'rinmas bo'lishi kerak. Piyoda yurish yo'llari, gulxan yoqiladigan joylar, egiluvchan va pishirish uchun boshpana kabi yaxshi infratuzilma mavjud. Aksariyat piyoda sayohatlar tabiat yo'llariga ham ega. The kirish huquqi odatda amal qiladi. Maydonlar Metsähallitus tomonidan saqlanadi.
The cho'l zonalari o'zlarining cho'l tabiati, Sami madaniyati va Samining tabiiy turmush tarzini saqlab qolish uchun 1991 yilda tashkil etilgan. Bunday hududlar o'n ikkitadir, ularning barchasi joylashgan Laplandiya. Cho'l zonalari tabiatni muhofaza qilish zonalari emas va kirish huquqi odatda to'liq qo'llaniladi (mahalliy cheklovlar bo'lishi mumkin), ammo boshqa tomondan ular cho'lda qolishni rejalashtirmoqdalar, shuning uchun ham infratuzilma juda kam. Ushbu hududlarda bir nechta xizmatlar mavjud, ammo ko'pincha yaqin atrofdagi sayyohlik korxonalari so'rov bo'yicha ba'zi xizmatlarni tashkil qilishi mumkin. Cho'l zonalarida odatda aniq yo'llar yo'q, shuning uchun, ayniqsa, o'z yo'llarini tayyorlashga odatlangan tajribali sayyohlar uchun qiziqish uyg'otadi. Agar belgilangan yo'llar mavjud bo'lsa, ular maydonning faqat bir qismini qamrab oladi. Agar qishda tog 'chang'i marshrutlari mavjud bo'lsa, yo'llarning o'zi emas, faqat belgilar saqlanadi. Maydonlar Metsähallitus tomonidan saqlanadi.
Ushbu maydonlarning barchasi quyida keltirilgan.
Qo'riqxonalar va boshqa joylar
Tabiat qo'riqxonalari va boshqa joylarni quyida tanlash biroz o'zboshimchalik bilan amalga oshiriladi. Ro'yxatda keltirilganlar tasodifiy tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun ham qiziq, deb hisoblashadi, ba'zilari o'zlari uchun boradigan joy sifatida, ba'zilari agar siz tasodifan o'tib ketsangiz, tashrif buyurishingiz kerak.
Dam olish joylari odatda munitsipalitet tomonidan saqlanadi. Ular milliy piyoda joylar kabi yaxshi infratuzilmaga, ko'pincha ochiq sport turlari uchun binolarga, ba'zan esa lager joylariga va shunga o'xshash narsalarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Ular bu erda keltirilgan emas, lekin shahar maqolalarida eslatib o'tilishi mumkin.
The qat'iy qo'riqxonalar birinchi navbatda tabiatni muhofaza qilish va tadqiq qilish uchun mo'ljallangan. Qattiq qo'riqxonaga tashrif buyurish uchun odatda Metsähallitusdan yozma ruxsat talab qilinadi, ammo ba'zilarida ular ichida izlar bor. Yurish odatda qor bilan qoplanmagan joylarda yoki qushlar uya qilganda (asosan bahor va yoz oylarida aniq sanalar o'zgarib turadi) yil davomida ushbu belgilangan yo'llar bilan cheklanadi. Kattaroq zaxiralarda boshqa infratuzilma mavjud bo'lishi mumkin, masalan, chuqur hojatxonalari va dam olish uchun tunash joylari va tunash (ko'pincha qo'riqlanadigan hududning tashqarisida). Kirish huquqi juda cheklanganligi sababli, siz har doim alohida hudud qoidalarini tekshirishingiz kerak. Qattiq qo'riqxonalarning aksariyati kichik, ba'zilari bir necha soatlik sayohatga, ba'zilari dam olish kunlari sayohat qilish uchun mos, ammo bundan kattaroq joylar ham bor, bu ekstremal 64 km yo'l bilan Kevo qat'iy qo'riqxonasi.
Kirish qushlarni uyalash joylari qushlarni uyalash mavsumida taqiqlangan, ammo mahallada yoki hududning unchalik sezgir bo'lmagan joylarida qushlarni tomosha qilish va yurish uchun minoralar bo'lishi mumkin. The muhrni himoya qilish joylari jamoat yil davomida yopiq bo'lishi mumkin.
Tabiatning o'ziga xos turlarini yoki tabiatning o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini himoya qilish uchun ko'plab sohalar mavjud botqoq, eski o'sadigan o'rmon va esker himoya joylari. Odatda, tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun hech qanday quruqlikdan tashqari hech qanday cheklovlar mavjud emas, lekin siz eroziya yoki o'rmon yong'inlarini keltirib chiqarmaslik va o'simliklar va yovvoyi hayotga zarar etkazmaslik uchun ehtiyot bo'lishingiz kerak.
Piyoda yurish yo'llari
Quyida keltirilgan maydonlarning aksariyati bo'ylab yo'llar mavjud. Ba'zi hududlarda (ayniqsa qo'riqxonalar va milliy bog'larning taqiqlangan hududlari) faqat belgilangan yo'llardan foydalanish mumkin. Yurish, dam olish va cho'l zonalarida kirish huquqi odatda cheklovlarsiz qo'llaniladi.
Odatda tashrif buyuruvchilar markazida tabiat yo'llari va qisqa qisqa yo'llar yoki eng mashhur parklarning aksariyat qismi, masalan, aksariyat bolalar bog'chalari yoki nogironlar aravachasida ham foydalanish uchun mo'ljallangan joylar mavjud (yordamchi sinflar ko'pincha hali ham tik), va aksariyat hududlarda kunlik sayohatlar uchun mos bo'lgan tabiat yo'llari yoki piyoda yurish yo'llari. Yurish joylarida, kattaroq milliy bog'larda va ko'plab cho'l hududlarida bir kecha-kunduz sayr qilish yo'llari ham mavjud. Shuningdek, bir necha kunlik piyoda sayr qilish uchun juda ko'p marshrutlar mavjud, ayniqsa, cho'l hududlarida va milliy bog'larning orqa joylarida - ko'plab mehmonlar har qanday yo'ldan mustaqil ravishda sayr qilishadi.
Milliy bog'lar va shunga o'xshash joylarda piyoda yurish yo'llari va tabiat yo'llaridan tashqari, ba'zi bir muhofaza qilinadigan hududlardan tashqarida, ba'zan esa bir nechta yo'l orqali o'tadigan uzunroq piyoda yo'llar va piyoda yo'llarning tarmoqlari mavjud. Agar siz uzoqroq sayohatga borishni istasangiz, lekin eng katta bog'larda bo'lsangiz, bunday yo'llardan foydalanib, ba'zi bir himoyalanmagan qishloq landshaftlarini kiritish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Odatda ular tabiiy sharoitdagi hududlarni iloji boricha ushlab turadilar, lekin ko'pincha o'rmon yo'llaridan va shunga o'xshashlardan foydalanadilar. Bir necha hafta davomida yurishingiz mumkin bo'lgan yo'llarni birlashtirish. sharqiy Finlyandiya. Eng mashhur iz Karxunkierros 82 km. Ning eng uzun izi Shimoliy Kareliyada yurish tarmoq 133 km. The UKK izito'liq bo'lmagan yoki yaxshi hujjatlashtirilgan bo'lsa ham, Koli Lieksada butun yo'l Urho Kekkonen milliy bog'i Laplandiyada (qushlarning parvozi bilan 500 km dan ortiq). The NordkalottledenNorvegiya va Shvetsiya chegaralarini kesib o'tuvchi 800 km. Ba'zi yo'llar Metsähallitus tomonidan tasvirlangan. 40-60 km yo'llar keng tarqalgan.
Belgilangan joylar
Har bir insonning huquqi (har bir insonning huquqi) tufayli siz hamma joyda landshaftni ozmi-ko'pmi o'rganishingiz mumkinjokamiehenoikeus, allemansrätten), the kirish huquqi. Odatda shaharlarning yaqinida juda ko'p o'zlashtirilmagan erlar mavjud va aksariyat shaharlarda dam olish joylari mavjud. Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, bu erda keltirilgan yo'nalishlar, yana bir oz sayohat qilish kerak.
Janubiy Finlyandiya
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Janubiy Finlyandiyadagi milliy bog'lar
- Finlyandiya ko'rfazi milliy bog'i[1]: shaharlari oldidagi Boltiq dengizi tashqi arxipelagidagi yuzlab orollar va orollarni o'z ichiga oladi Kotka va Xamina.
- Ekenäs arxipelagi milliy bog'i[2]: boshlang'ich nuqtasi shaharcha Ekenas. Milliy bog'ning o'zi orollardan iborat bo'lib, ularga faqat qayiqda borish mumkin. Kanoeda eshkak eshish yoki baydarka orollar orasidagi ajoyib transport vositasidir, ammo biroz tajribani talab qiladi. Aks holda siz masalan. taksi qayig'idan foydalaning.
- Liesjarvi milliy bog'i[3]: janubda o'rmonlar, botqoqlar va ko'l qirg'oqlari Forssa. Torronsuo milliy bog'i yaqinda.
- Nuuksio milliy bog'i: ichida tabiatning buzilmagan qismi Xelsinki metropoliten viloyati; muzlik davrida vodiylar va jarliklar, ko'llar va liken va siyrak qarag'ay o'rmonlari bilan qoplangan toshli tepaliklar bilan yaratilgan landshaftlar. Dam olish kunlari poytaxt hududida sayr qilish va lager qilish uchun ajoyib joy.
- Päijänne milliy bog'i[4]: Lattidan taxminan 45 km shimolda, Finlyandiyaning ikkinchi eng katta koli Päijänne ko'lining janubiy qismida joylashgan. Ayrim orollarga avtomobil yo'li orqali borish mumkin. Padasjoki.
- Sipoonkorpi milliy bog'i[5]: ning munitsipalitetlari ichida joylashgan Sipoo, Vantaa va Xelsinki Xelsinki markazidan taxminan 20 km uzoqlikda. Hudud turli xil o'rmon turlari, botqoqlar va madaniy landshaftlarni o'z ichiga oladi.
- Torronsuo milliy bog'i[6]: janubidagi maydon Forssa (Liesjarvi milliy bog'iga yaqin) asosan botqoqlardan iborat.
- Valkmusa milliy bog'i[7]: E18 asosiy yo'lida joylashgan Kotka. U asosan botqoq landshaftlardan iborat.
Janubiy Finlyandiyada piyoda yurish joylari
- Evo milliy yurish zonasi: [8] Finlyandiya janubidagi eng katta uzluksiz o'rmon maydonlari; Hamenlinna, Padasjoki
Janubiy Finlyandiyaning boshqa yo'nalishlari
- Aulanko kunduzgi sayohatlar uchun mos bo'lgan park va milliy landshaftga ega bo'lgan qo'riqxona; Xamenlinna.
- Qarkali qattiq qo'riqxonasi[9]: Loxanjarvidagi yarim orolda o'tlarga boy o'rmon maydoni; Lohja
- Komio: [10] muzlik davrining tizmalari va boshqa belgilari, tabiati xilma-xil bo'lgan yaxshi sayr qilish joyi; Loppi
- Laajalahti: sayoz dengiz ko'rfazi, qushlarning botqoqli joyi; Espoo
- Langinkoski: shoshilinch shoxchalar, dendrariy, baliq ovi kulbasi; Kotka
- Melkuttimet: qarag'ay o'rmonlari va ko'llar; Loppi va Tammela
- Siikalahti botqoqli er: Finlyandiyaning eng qimmat ichki qush suv-botqoqligi; Parikkala
G'arbiy sohil
G'arbiy sohil hududidagi milliy bog'lar
- Arxipelago milliy bog'i Arxipelag dengizi, orollar va orollar soni bo'yicha dunyodagi eng katta arxipelag. Kimitoon va Pargas, 500 km².
- Botni dengizining milliy bog'i[11]: dengiz chiroqlari, suv osti tabiati va toshli orollari bo'lgan qushlar qo'riqxonalari va tashqi arxipelag. Evrojoki, Kustavi, Merikarviya, Pori, Pyhäranta, Rauma va Uusikaupunki.
- Kauhaneva-Pohjankangas milliy bog'i[12]: katta ochiq botqoqlar va quruq qarag'ay o'rmonlari. Kauhajoki va Karviya, 62 km².
- Kurjenrahka milliy bog'i: Janubi-g'arbiy Finlyandiyaning eng katta va xilma-xil qo'riqlanadigan botqoq zonasi, parkda eski o'sgan o'rmon ham mavjud. Turku, Aura, Masku, Mynamaki, Nousiainen, Pöytyä va Rusko, 29 km².
- Lauhanvuori milliy bog'i[13]: o'ziga xos geologiyaga ega baland tepalik. Kauhajoki, Isojoki va Honkajoki, 54 km².
- Puurijarvi-Isosuo milliy bog'i[14]: katta botqoqlar va muhim qush ko'llari. Kokemäki, Huittinen va Sastamala, 27 km².
- Teijo milliy bog'i[15]: dengiz bo'yidagi ko'llar, toshlar va o'rmonlar va ikkita tarixiy temir zavodlari. Salo.
G'arbiy sohil mintaqasidagi boshqa yo'nalishlar
- Milliy shahar bog'i Turku: Ruissalo va daryo bo'yi.
- In qo'riqxonalar Turku: Katariinanlaakso, Pomponrahka, Ruissalo
- Vaskijarvi qat'iy qo'riqxonasi, yuqoridagi Kurjenrahka milliy bog'iga qarang.
Finlyandiya
Finlyandiyaning Leyklanddagi milliy bog'lari
- Helvetinjarvi milliy bog'i[16]: chuqur daralar bilan yovvoyi o'rmon manzarasi. Seitseminen milliy bog'iga piyoda yurish yo'li, agar ikkala milliy bog'da sayr qilsangiz, taxminan 50 km. Ruovesi, 49,5 km².
- Isojarvi milliy bog'i[17]: kanoe sayohatlari uchun mos bo'lgan tinch o'rmon va ko'l manzaralari. Kuhmoinen, 22 km².
- Koli milliy bog'i: nisbatan kichik hududdagi ko'p qirrali tabiat va madaniy landshaft, ko'p qirrali xizmatlar, mustaqillik oldidan fin milliy o'ziga xosligini shakllantirgan ko'plab odamlarga ilhom bergan, Lieksa, Joensuu va Kontiolahti
- Kolovesi milliy bog'i: [18] ichida Sayma ko'l kompleksi, yilda Enonkoski, Heinävesi va Savonlinna
- Leyvonmaki milliy bog'i: turli xil landshaft orqali oson yo'llar. Joutsa, 30 km²
- Linnansaari milliy bog'i: [19] ichida Sayma ko'l kompleksi, yilda Rantasalmi, Savonlinna va Varkaus
- Patvinsuo milliy bog'i: [20] botqoqlar, qadimgi o'sish o'rmonlari va suv yo'llari, qunduzlar va suvda uchadigan qushlar, yilda Lieksa va Ilomantsi
- Petkeljarvi milliy bog'i: [21], ko'llar, tizmalar, keksa daraxtlar va fen o'tloqi bo'lgan kichik park, 1940-yillarda jangovar xandaklar, qadimgi 31 km. Taitajan taival iz, ichida Ilomantsi
- Pyha-Xakki milliy bog'i: [22]: katta yoshdagi eski o'sadigan o'rmonlar va daraxtlar. Saarijarvi, 13 km².
- Repovesi milliy bog'i: [23] ko'llari bo'lgan qo'pol orqa daraxtlar, suzuvchi jurnal tarixi, mashhur sayr qilish joyi, yilda Kuvola va Mantixarju
- Salamajervi milliy bog'i: Suomenselkäning qo'pol suv havzasi mintaqasi. Kivijarvi, Kinnula, Perho, 62 km².
- Seitseminen milliy bog'i[24]: o'rmonlar, botqoqlar va eskerlar. Helvetinjarvi milliy bog'iga piyoda yurish yo'li, agar ikkala milliy bog'da sayr qilsangiz, taxminan 50 km. Ylyarvi va Ikaalinen, 45,5 km².
- Tiilikkajarvi milliy bog'i: [25] Tiilikka ko'lining qumli plyajlari, botqoqlar va o'rmonlar, shimoliy va janubiy tabiiy xususiyatlarga ega o'tish zonasi, yilda Rautavaara va Sotkamo
Finlyandiyaning Lakelanddagi piyoda yurish joylari
- Ruunaa milliy yurish zonasi[26] Rossiya chegarasida piyoda yurish, velosiped haydash, chang'i chang'i, kanoe va oq suvda rafting Lieksa
Finlyandiyaning Leyklanddagi boshqa yo'nalishlari
- Shimoliy Kareliyada yurish (Kareliya davri), shu jumladan ba'zi velosiped va chang'i marshrutlari
- Kermajarvi: ko'l va milliy landshaft, faqat qayiqda borish mumkin; Heinävesi
- Kolvananuuro: maxsus o'simliklarga ega bo'lgan geologik jihatdan qiziqarli hudud va yarim kunlik tabiat izi; Kontiolahti
- Kurimonkoski Rapids: an'anaviy landshaftni saqlab qolish uchun o'tmishdagi o'tmishdagi temir yo'llar, o'tloqlar; Utajarvi
- Olvassuo: [27] o'rmon orollari bilan qoplangan keng va xilma-xil botqoq zonasi; Pudasjarvi, Puolanka, Utajarvi
- Pihlajavesi: [28] milliy landshaft, labirint lakland; Sulkava
- Punkaharju: qo'riqxona va milliy landshaft; esker tizmasining qarag'ay o'rmoni orqali ko'l manzaralari; Savonlinna
- Telkkämäki: qiyshaygan meros fermasi; Kaavi
- Vaarunvuoret: yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan ko'plab turlari bo'lgan toshli tepaliklarda o'sadigan eski qarag'ay o'rmonlari; Jyvaskylä
- Vehoniemenharju: ikkita katta ko'l orasidagi esker, landshaft xususiyatlari Sommardag i Kangasala Topelius tomonidan; Kangasala
Oulu
Sobiq Oulu viloyatidagi milliy bog'lar
- Botnian ko'rfazi milliy bog'i (Perämeri milliy bog'i): [29] birinchi navbatda tajribali qayiqchilar uchun, yilda Kemi va Tornio
- Hiidenportti milliy bog'i: [30] yilda Sotkamo: Hiidenportti darasi bilan suv havzasi maydoni, qadimgi o'rmon va sobiq smolalarni yoqish, daraxtlarni haydash va qiyshiq dehqonchilik; 45 km²
- Xossa milliy bog'i[31] yilda Suomussalmi, qarag'ay o'rmonlari, ko'llar, eskerlar va tosh asridagi tosh rasmlari bilan; 110 km²
- Oulanka milliy bog'i: [32] bir necha soat ichida ham milliy manzarani ko'ring; Kuusamo, Salla
- Rokua milliy bog'i: [33] yilda Muhos, Utajarvi va Vaala
- Syöte milliy bog'i: [34] yilda Pudasjarvi, Taivalkoski va Posio
Sobiq Oulu viloyatidagi piyoda yurish joylari
- Iso-Syöte milliy yurish zonasi[35] yilda Pudasjarvi
- Kylmäluoma milliy yurish zonasi[36] yilda Taivalkoski
- Oulujarvi milliy yurish zonasi: [37] qirg'oqlarida bepusht qum dinozalari, chiroyli, murakkab ko'l manzarasi bilan dengizga o'xshash ochiq suvlar bo'yida; Vaala
Sobiq Oulu viloyatidagi boshqa yo'nalishlar
- Karxunkierros: afsonaviy va mashhur 80 km piyoda yurish yo'li, asosan orqali Oulanka milliy bog'i.
- Elimyssalo: turli xil o'rmon tabiati tomonidan cho'l fermalari bilan UKK izi, Finlyandiya-Rossiya do'stlik bog'ining markaziy qismi; Kuhmo.
- Gepokonggalar: Finlyandiyaning eng baland tabiiy sharsharasi va qadimgi o'sadigan o'rmoni UKK izi; Puolanka.
- Xirvisuo: ulkan ochiq aapa mires va qushlar, yilda Oulu. 20-milliy yo'ldan o'tish mumkin bo'lgan qushlarni kuzatish minorasi va tabiat yo'li.
- Iso-Palonen - Maariansärkät: [38] tomonidan eskers va yovvoyi o'rmon kiyiklari bilan labirint manzarasi UKK izi, Finlyandiya-Rossiya do'stlik bog'ining bir qismi. Kuhmo, 39 km².
- Juortanansalo-Lapinsuo: [39] tomonidan botqoq va o'rmon cho'llari UKK izi, Finlyandiya-Rossiya do'stlik bog'ining bir qismi; Kuhmo, Suomussalmi.
- Kurimonkoski Rapids: an'anaviy landshaftni saqlab qolish uchun o'tmishdagi o'tmishdagi temir yo'llar, o'tloqlar; Utajarvi
- Lentua: [40] Fin-Rossiya do'stlik bog'ining bir qismi bo'lgan Akseli Gallen-Kallela orqali ma'lum bo'lgan qo'pol, cho'lga o'xshash tabiat; Kuhmo
- Näränkä: deyarli toza tabiat, asosan o'rmonlar va cho'l fermasi; Kuusamo
- Teerisuo-Lososuo: Hiidenportti milliy bog'i va. tomonidan mires va eski o'sgan o'rmonlar UKK izi; Kuhmo
- Valtavaara-Pyhävaara Ruka va Karhunkierros izidan: ajoyib manzaralar va qiyin chang'i chang'i yo'llari bilan qo'riqxona; Kuusamo
Laplandiya
Laplandiyadagi milliy bog'lar
- Lemmenjoki milliy bog'i: Lemmenjoki daryosi vodiysi, oltin qazish, vatanni behuda sarflash, yilda Inari va Kittilä
- Pallas-Yllästunturi milliy bog'i: o'rmonlar va botqoqlar bilan o'ralgan qulashlar, janubiy o'rmonli mintaqa va Fell Laplandiya o'rtasidagi o'tish zonasi, yilda Enontekiyo, Kittilä, Kolari va Muonio
- Pyhä-Luosto milliy bog'i (qarang Pyhä/Luosto): [41] ajoyib manzara va tinchlik, ko'p qirrali xizmatlar; Sharqiy Laplandiya: Pelkosenniemi, Kemijarvi, Sodankyla
- Riisitunturi milliy bog'i: qulab tushgan va tepalik manzarasi, rang-barang osilgan bog '; Posio
- Urho Kekkonen milliy bog'i: ham osonlik bilan mavjud qismlar, ham bekor qilingan shahar, yilda Inari, Sodankyla va Savukoski
Laplandiyada piyoda yurish joylari
Cho'l zonalari
- Hammastunturi cho'l zonasi[44]: Urho Kekkonen milliy bog'i va Lemmenjoki milliy bog'i o'rtasida o'rmon va qulashlar va oltin qazish maydoni. Inari (yaqin Ivalo), Kittilä va Sodankylä, 1,825 km².
- Kaldoaivi cho'l zonasi[45]: yumshoq yiqilishlar va tik daryo vodiylari, cho'l hududlarining eng kattasi. Inari va Utsjoki, 2,924 km².
- Kemihaara cho'l zonasi[46]: qulashlar va ulkan aapa botqoqlari, Finlyandiyaning eng uzun daryosi Kemijokining bosh suvlari. Savukoski, 302 km².
- Käsivarsi cho'l zonasi: barcha Finlyandiya qulashi 1000 m dan oshdi, katta maydonlar treline bo'ylab. Enontekiyo, 2,206 km².
- Muotkatunturit cho'l zonasi, Inari va Utsjoki, 1,570 km².
- Paistunturi cho'l zonasi[47]: qulab tushgan xitlar va tog 'qayinlari o'rmoni. Inari va Utsjoki, 1,570 km².
- Pulju cho'l zonasi[48]: bulutli katta botqoqlar. Enontekiyo va Kittilä, 614 km².
- Pöyrisjarvi cho'l zonasi, Enontekiyo
- Tarvantovaara cho'l zonasi[49] va Lätäseno-Hietajoki Mire qo'riqxonasi: qushlarning xilma-xilligi bilan tinch. Yaqin Karesuvanto, Enontekiyo, 670 km².
- Tsarmitunturi cho'l zonasi[50]. Inari, 150 km².
- Tuntsa cho'l zonasi[51]: go'zal va oson er. Salla va Savukoski, 212 km².
- Vätsäri cho'l zonasi[52]: Inari ko'lining eng sharqiy qismidan Norvegiya va Rossiya chegarasigacha bo'lgan Pasvik-Inari uch tomonlama bog'ining bir qismi, qarag'ay o'rmoni va mire mozaikasi. Kirkenes. Inari, 1,550 km².
Laplandiyadagi boshqa yo'nalishlar
- Nordkalottleden: Arktika landshaftlari orqali Norvegiya, Finlyandiya va Shvetsiyada 800 km yurish yo'li.
- Auttiköngäs: kun bo'yi sayohat qilish uchun mos keladigan eski o'sgan o'rmonlar, turli xil erlar va baland sharshara; Rovaniemi.
- Ilmakkiaapa: boy qushlar dunyosiga ega aapa botqoqlari; Sodankyla.
- Kevo qat'iy qo'riqxonasi: [53] shimoliy Laplandiyada 40 km kanyonli qo'riqxona; Utsjoki
- Korouoma: [54] qadimgi va o'simliklarga boy o'rmonlar, jarlik bilan qo'pol landshaftlar; Posio
- Luiro Mires: [55] katta fen mireslari va baland botqoqlari, xalqaro ahamiyatga ega qushlar yashash joyi; Pelkosenniemi va Savukoski
- Malla qat'iy qo'riqxonasi[56]: qat'iy tabiat qo'riqxonasi, 1916 yil qo'riqlanadigan, noyob o'simliklar bilan geologik jihatdan qiziqarli; yaqin Finlyandiya-Norvegiya-Shvetsiya uch martalik tomonidan Kilpisjarvi
- Martimoaapa: [57] (Martimoaapa-Lumiaapa-Penikat Mire qo'riqxonasi) muhim botqoqlardan himoya qilish va qushlar maydoni, eski o'sadigan o'rmonlar; Simo, Keminmaa
- Simojarvi va Soppana: [58] oson va chiroyli piyoda yurish; Ranua, Posio, 75 km².
- Sompio qo'riqxonasi: Urho Kekkonen milliy bog'ining qat'iy qo'riqxonasi. Qiziqarli geologiya va qushlar hayoti. Sodankyla
- Teuravuoma-Kivijärvenvuoma: [59] botqoqlar, qushlarning muhim yashash joylari, qishloqlar; Kolari
- Viankiaapa: boy qushlar dunyosiga ega ulkan aapa mire tizimi; Sodankyla.
- Sallatunturi[60] belgilangan yo'l tarmog'i, gulxan yoqadigan joylar va ozg'in boshpanalarga ega. Sallatunturi 2021 yil davomida milliy park maqomini oladi. Salla
Chiqinglar
Milliy bog'lar, milliy piyoda joylar va cho'l zonalarining aksariyat qismida avtoulovlar va jamoat transporti orqali borish mumkin. Taksida sayr qilish piyoda yurishning so'nggi nuqtalarini erkin tanlash uchun o'z narxiga teng bo'lishi mumkin va mashinasiz yoki piyoda sayr qilishning qo'shimcha kunida piyoda yo'llarga borish uchun zarur. Belgilangan joyga o'zi kamdan-kam uchraydigan yo'llar mavjud.
Milliy bog'larning bir nechtasi ko'llarda yoki qirg'oq bo'yida arxipelag hududlarini qamrab oladi. Ular eng yaxshi baydarka yoki qayiqda o'rganiladi, lekin odatda ba'zi qismlariga yo'l yoki parom orqali borish mumkin. Belgilangan joyga mos qayiq, qayiq va qayiqlarni ijaraga olish mumkin. Agar siz o'zingizning kemangizga amr berishga ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa, hech bo'lmaganda taksi kemalari xizmatlaridan foydalanish mumkin.
Bu erda mehmon markazlari, Metsähallitus mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatish punktlari va tabiat to'g'risidagi axborot kulbalari mavjud bo'lib, u erda siz maslahat, xaritalar, ba'zi adabiyotlar, baliq ovlash uchun ruxsatnomalar va hudud bilan tanishishingiz mumkin.
Tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun markazlar odatda milliy bog'larning asosiy kirish eshigi tashqarisida, lekin ba'zan boradigan joylaridan ancha uzoqlashadi. Ba'zi milliy bog'larda mehmonlar, tosh markazlari yoki boshqa yirik sayyohlik korxonalari tashrif buyuruvchilar markazida joylashgan.
Tashrif buyuradigan markazlarga, agar yordam ko'rsatilsa, shuningdek, bir nechta tabiat yo'llari kabi, nogironlar aravachasida kirish mumkin.
Milliy bog'lardan tashqari boshqa yo'nalishlarda aniq bir tashrif buyuradigan markaz mavjud emas. Yovvoyi tabiat zonalari, odatda, boshqa ba'zi yo'nalishlar singari, mintaqadagi boshqa mehmon markazlari tomonidan boshqariladi. Metsähallitus tomonidan boshqarilmaydigan ba'zi sohalar uchun siz mas'ul shaxsni va u haqida ma'lumot bera oladigan odamlarni topish uchun bir oz tadqiq qilishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin.
To'lovlar
Faqatgina hududga tashrif buyurish, piyoda sayr qilish va lager qilish har qanday to'lovni o'z ichiga olmaydi. Ba'zi lagerlarda to'lovlar bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ular sayr paytida hech qachon yagona yoki hatto asosiy variant emas.
Siz transport, asbob-uskunalar, ekskursiya uchun sayohat, ijaraga beriladigan kulba, rezervatsiya kulbasida kafolatlangan yotoq yoki baliq ovlashga ruxsat berishni xohlashingiz mumkin.
Atrofga boring
Hududlarda odatda tabiat yo'llari va piyoda yurish yo'llari, ayniqsa tashrif buyuruvchilar markazlari yaqinida, shuningdek, qishda saqlanadigan chang'i yo'llari mavjud. Qo'riqxonalardan tashqari, sizga odatda o'z yo'llaringizni topishga ruxsat beriladi. Arxipelagda va ba'zi daryolarda siz qayiq yoki baydarkadan foydalanishni xohlashingiz mumkin.
Parklarning aksariyat qismida park hamkorlik qiladigan korxonalar bo'yicha qo'llanma olish mumkin. Bu, ayniqsa, o'zingizning mahoratingiz haqida aniq bilmasangiz foydalidir, ammo qo'llanma tabiatni, madaniyatni va diqqatga sazovor joylarni bilib, ovqatlanish, qayiqda sayohatlar va shunga o'xshash narsalarni tashkil qilish orqali ham foydali bo'lishi mumkin.
Tabiat yo'llari va boshqa qisqa (kunlik sayohat) yo'llar odatda yaxshi saqlanib turiladi, nam joylarda o'rdak taxtalari va suv yo'llarida ko'priklar mavjud, shuning uchun oddiy mavsumda maxsus jihozlar kerak bo'lmaydi (lekin uyda baland poshnalarni qoldiring). Bahorda (qor eriydigan paytda), yozda yomg'irli va odatda nam kuzda rezina etik yoki shunga o'xshash narsalar kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Uzunroq (bir kechada) marshrutlarda siz qo'pol yoki nam erlarni uchratishingiz ehtimoli yuqori va ular mos uskunalar va piyoda yurish ko'nikmalariga ega bo'lishi kerak.
Yo'llar mavjud bo'lgan doimiy loyiha mavjud tasniflanmoqda. "Oson" yo'llar odatda kichik bolali oilalarga juda ko'p tayyorgarlik ko'rishga mos keladi (lekin nogironlar kolyaskalari uchun marshrutlardan tashqari) yo'qolgan belgilar va yurish qobiliyatlari va tegishli jihozlar kutilmoqda. Bir necha kunlik piyoda yurish yo'llari odatda shu ma'noda talab qilinadi. Yovvoyi hududlarda va kattaroq milliy bog'larning orqa mamlakatlarida siz nima qilayotganingizni bilishingiz kutilmoqda: eng kerakli joylarda boshpana va ko'priklar bo'lishi mumkin, lekin sizga kerak bo'lgan joyda emas.
Qishda - Laplandiyada yilning ko'p qismida qor va past haroratga tayyor bo'lish kerak. Nogiron bo'lib qolish yoki kerakli ko'nikmalar va uskunalarsiz adashish osonlikcha o'limga olib kelishi mumkin, shuning uchun baxtsiz hodisalar kamdan-kam hollarda.
Qishda sayr qilishning eng yaxshi usuli bu tosh. Ko'pgina milliy bog'larda va tog 'chang'i kurortlari atrofida (milliy park joylashgan bo'lishi mumkin) chang'i chang'i yo'llari mavjud. Ba'zi marshrutlar an'anaviy trassada ham, "skeyt chang'ida ham" erkin uslubida ham kengdir. Ob-havo prognozlariga yoki cho'l hududlarida yoki boshqa mamlakatlarga sayohat qilishda bog'liq bo'lmaydigan uzoqroq sayohatlarda siz izsiz erga ham mos chang'ilarga ega bo'lishingiz va yomon ob-havo, buzilgan uskunalar va boshqa narsalarga qarshi kurashishingiz kerak.
Milliy bog'larda va piyoda yurish joylarida ko'pincha qisqaroq qor poyabzallari (va ijaraga berilgan qor poyabzallari) mavjud. Qor poyabzallari chang'ilarga qaraganda unchalik samarasiz, ammo ulardan foydalanish uchun hech qanday o'qitish shart emas.
Mamlakatning shimoliy qismida a qor avtomobillari marshrutlari va treklari tarmog'i. "Yo'nalishlar" yo'l tarmog'ining bir qismi hisoblanadi va shuning uchun ulardan foydalanish bepul, "treklardan" foydalanish uchun siz haq to'lashingiz kerak. Qor mashinasini ijaraga olsangiz, qoidalar va xavfsizlik bo'yicha tavsiyalarni tekshiring. Marshrutlar odatda sezgir joylardan qochishadi, shuning uchun qor mashinasi kamdan-kam hollarda milliy bog'da aylanib o'tishga imkon beradi, ammo marshrut park chegarasida kulbaga olib borishi mumkin, u erdan siz tosh bilan ekspeditsiya qilishingiz mumkin. Ba'zi cho'l zonalari bo'ylab yo'llar ham bor. Dashtdagi ochiq kulbalardan avtotransport vositasida kelayotganlar tunab qolish uchun foydalanilmasligi mumkin, ammo siz ularni kunduzgi kulbalar sifatida ishlatishingiz va rezervatsiya uylarida yoki ijaraga beriladigan kabinalarda uxlashingiz mumkin.
Archipelagos va kattaroq ko'llarda yaxtalar, qayiqlar va baydiqlar ko'pincha sayohat qilishning eng yaxshi vositasidir. Hududlarga paromlar, sayyohlik kemalari yoki taksilar ham bor. Ko'pgina boshqa hududlarda kanoeda, baydarkada va ehtimol daryo qayiqlariga mos keladigan suv oqimlari mavjud bo'lib, ular hududning bir qismini ko'rish uchun boshqacha va ko'pincha juda qulay usulni taklif qilishadi. Qayiqchali qayiqlar ko'plab uylarda mavjud bo'lib, ularni homiylar yoki ijaraga olish mumkin. Kemani ijaraga olish kamdan-kam hollarda muammo tug'diradi, lekin transportni tashkillashtirish uchun oldindan tekshirishni xohlashingiz mumkin.
Qarang
- Shuningdek qarang: Evroosiyo yovvoyi tabiati
Tabiat
Lar bor tabiat yo'llari aksariyat milliy bog'larning tashrif buyuradigan markazlari yaqinida va boshqa ko'plab yo'nalishlarda. Ular hududning tabiati yoki boshqa xususiyatlarini aks ettiruvchi axborot taxtalari bilan belgilangan yo'llardir (kamdan-kam hollarda ingliz tilida, ammo tasvirlar nimani izlash kerakligi haqida maslahat beradi). Odatda yurish juda oson, kichik bolali oilalar uchun ham, ba'zilari nogironlar kolyaskasidan foydalanganda ham yordam beradi (yordam asosan kerak). Yo'l bo'ylab piknik qilish uchun mos bo'lgan gulxan maydoni bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'pincha siz o'zingiz bilan sayr qilish uchun qo'llanma buyurtma qilishingiz mumkin, bu sizning o'rganishingizga ko'proq imkoniyat yaratadi.
Belgilangan piyoda yurish yo'llari odatda tabiatni eng yaxshi darajada ko'rishga imkon berish rejalashtirilgan, ammo siz shoshilmang. Siz bir ko'zdan boshqasiga shoshilishingiz shart emas. Ular odatda tabiat yo'llaridan uzunroqdir va shu bilan hududga chuqurroq kirib borishga imkon beradi. Odatda kunduzgi sayohatlarda yaxshi tanaffuslar qilish uchun gulxan yoqadigan joylar va shunga o'xshash narsalar mavjud. Uzunroq yo'llar odatda ozg'in boshpanalarga ega bo'lib, chodirsiz tun bo'yi sayr qilishga imkon beradi (lekin chodir ko'tarib yurish ko'p hollarda oqilona bo'lishi mumkin).
Piyoda yurish orqa mamlakat tabiatga sho'ng'ishingiz kerak va diqqatga sazovor joylar sizning atrofingizda. Siz, albatta, o'zingizning marshrutingizni tanlashingiz kerak, shunda siz hududning odatiy yoki o'ziga xos tabiatiga oid ba'zi yaxshi misollardan o'tishingiz, baland joylardan yoki ko'llar va bepoyon botqoqlarning chegaralaridan yaxshi manzaralarni olishingiz va kichiklarga ham qarashga vaqt topishingiz kerak. mo''jizalar.
Mahalliy madaniyat
Inson faoliyatining izlari ko'plab milliy bog'larda namoyish etilgan.
Finlyandiyada aholi kam, ammo bu katta maydonlarga odam tegmaydi degani emas. Finlyandiyadagi cho'l so'zi "erämaa" bo'lib, u ov qilish joylarini ham anglatadi. Odamlar ov qilish va baliq ovlash uchun o'z qishloqlaridan uzoqroqqa yurishdi. Yangi hududlarni o'rnatishni toj tez-tez rag'batlantirar edi va ba'zi bir ersiz odamlar va avantyurlar o'zlarining uylarini hanuzgacha cho'l deb hisoblanadigan joyda qurdilar. Va, albatta, faqat ba'zi milliy bog'lar cho'ldir. Ba'zilari muntazam ravishda ishlatib kelingan, ammo ba'zi xususiyatlar keng daraxt kesishga xalaqit beradigan yoki ularni qishloq xo'jaligi maydonlariga aylantiradigan xususiyatlarga ega. Haqiqatan ham katta milliy bog'lar va cho'l zonalari mavjud bo'lgan uzoq shimolda joylashgan Laplandiyada aksariyat erlar Shimoliy Sami tomonidan keng miqyosda joriy qilingan bug 'parvarishi uchun ishlatiladi. Milliy bog'larning nizomlari ko'pincha an'anaviy hayotni rag'batlantiradi. Eng ko'zga ko'ringan misol, ehtimol bu Archipelago Sea National Park bo'lishi mumkin, bu erda park arxipelagda aholi yashashi uchun yordam berishga harakat qilmoqda.
Tarixiy joylar
O'tmishdagi odamlarning odatiy hayoti izlari ko'p uchraydi: madaniy landshaftlar qoramollarni o'tloq qilish, qirg'inli dehqonchilik natijasida hosil bo'lgan o'rmon, ba'zida fermer xo'jaliklarining qoldiqlari yoki hatto yaxshi saqlanib qolgan joylar. Ba'zi yo'llar uzoq tarixga ega, masalan, Ruyja izi, Barents dengizi sohiliga yo'llar bo'lmasdan oldin yoki Muotkatunturitdagi post yo'nalishgacha etib borgan. Sharqiy chegaradagi ko'plab bog'larda urushdan qolgan inshootlar mavjud.
The visitors centres
Most visitor centres have exhibitions that can be seen for free, in a few cases for a fee. Some are quite large. Groups can book guiding for a fee, sometimes it is also possible to join a regular guided tour. There are often also audiovisual shows, at regular intervals or at request, and nature trails. The personnel should be happy to give advice on what sights would suite your timetable and interests.
The Metsähallitus customer service points and nature information huts are more modest but sometimes really worth a visit. Some information huts are unmanned.
Qil
Hiking in the Nordic countries has advice on many topics relevant for visiting national parks or otherwise spending time in the Finnish nature.
There are many businesses arranging tours in national parks or at other destinations, usually trying to pack many different experiences in a day or a few days. This may involve hiking to a hut where dinner is served, sitting down to enjoy the silence at a lake shore and ending the day with roasting salmon at open fire listening to local legends and lastly having a sauna bath and a dip in the river. Programme of course differs between locations and depending on the tour organizer and your choices. Usually you could do most of it by yourself, but getting it all fit a tight schedule without knowing the location is difficult.
With more time at hand or going independently you will probably come closer to the experiences many Finns seek in the forest and fells. Slow down, immerse in the natural landscape, enjoy the silence. You can also roast your salmon, but only if you were lucky with your lure, otherwise to have a good dinner you should have packed what you need to make hiking food something special, and the sauna is doubly refreshing after a few days of trekking.
Tours can be tailored to your wishes, but then it helps to be many enough to afford paying a guide – or to be able to do some of it by yourselves. You could for example take a tour with a river boat, having coffee and sandwiches with the guide telling the local legends, continue the trek by the route he recommended, and return to his cottage village to get the dinner and sauna.
- Piyoda yurish. In the small national parks of southern Finland the hiking trails are usually suitable for day trips or a weekend. In the larger parks and wilderness areas many go hiking for a week. There are longer trails also in the south, extending outside the protected areas.
- Kayak. In winter there are skiing tracks at least in most national parks and hiking areas. Plenty of backcountry remains for wilderness back-packers making their own tracks. Qarang Cross-country skiing.
- Kanoeda eshkak eshish. At parks with a suitable waterway there are usually small businesses that can rent a canoe, give advice and take care of any arrangements. Depending on destination, options can include whitewater sports, more quiet canoeing va sea kayaking.
- Qayiq. Several parks have parts best accessed by boat.
- Lar bor tour boats in some parks. In parks with a suitable river a riverboat may be the best way to get around or to get to your trailhead.
- Cruising with a yacht. At the coast and the bigger lakes (especially the Saimaa complex) chartering a yacht or getting a guided tour with a taxi boat should be easy. Shuningdek qarang Boating in Finland.
- Rowing boats are included in the rent of some cottages and can be rented at some other.
- Baliq ovlash. In most areas it is possible to fish. Except in flowing waters rich in salmon or related species, or otherwise restricted areas, rod and hook fishing (without reel) and ice fishing (angling through the ice) is an Every man's right, i.e. free. For lure fishing you need to pay the national fishing fee and for some areas an additional fee. For waters rich in salmon day cards are used (in addition to the national fee) and local restrictions apply. Catch and release fishing is not practised. Check minimal sizes.
- Gold panning. In Lemmenjoki National Park, yilda Tankavaara and perhaps at some other locations in Lapland you can get a possibility to try your luck in panning gold, or meet people spending their holiday digging gold. There were gold rushes in the middle 19th and 20th centuries, the traditions remain. The gold of Lapland is unusually pure, larger pieces often used as jewellery with just fittings added.
- Mushroom gathering va berry picking for food are included in the Every man's rights, often not restricted even when taking other things is strictly forbidden. This allows varying your menus on longer hikes and is a nice pastime regardless. Be sure to know the species you intend to eat and beware of poisonous mushrooms unknown where you come from. This is less of a problem with berries, but there are still some poisonous ones.
- Sauna bathing. There are saunas at many lakeside huts and cottages, even at some open wilderness huts. In the wilderness you are supposed to heat the sauna yourself, at commercial lodging facilities probably not – or at least you get help if needed.
Ovqatlaning va iching
Local family businesses near the destinations often offer meals, lodging, tours, equipment and other service. Near some destinations there are also proper restaurants. At most destinations you will not find any meals or drinks inside the area, other than what you cook yourself – or have a wilderness guide prepare for you (also without a guide you may be able to have a local business bring you meals).
Picking edible mushrooms and berries is often allowed also when collecting other things is strictly forbidden. Make sure you know the ones you are going to pick and – at least for mushroom – any local doppelgangers. Fishing is often allowed, with the usual restrictions or requiring a local fishing permit. Hunting is allowed in the wilderness areas, given needed licences and paying for a permit (usually for small game only).
Good looking water in springs, streams and even lakes is often potable untreated, but boiling it for a few minutes may be recommended. In some areas water has to be brought. There may be wells or other water sources provided. The authorities make tests to evaluate the general quality of natural water in many of the areas, but give no guaranties, except where a specific water source has been tested and recommended (typically tap water or a well).
There are designated camp fire places in many areas, allowing cooking at the camp fire. Making open fire in Finland always requires permission of the landowner (use your own judgement in emergencies). Such permission is given for the built campfire sites at official destinations, for state owned backcountry in the wilderness areas and for some backcountry areas in national parks; check rules for the specific destinations, use established fireplaces where available and make sure you have enough water at hand to estinguish it. There are stoves in the wilderness huts. A camping stove is still recommended for any serious hiking.
Making open fire is always forbidden when a wildfire warning is in effect, or the fire otherwise risks spreading. The warnings are announced in most weather forecasts.
The permission to make a fire does not in itself include a right to take firewood; at huts and campfire sites firewood is provided for free, usually in a separate wood shed (sometimes a shed some distance from the fireplace, to avoid excess use). Use sparingly. If not all the firewood is ready made, use the provided axe (or your own) to make some more instead of what you use. Likewise, take firewood indoors instead of what you use in huts. Where making a fire is allowed in the backcountry, permission is usually also given for using dry twigs and branches on the ground.
There are pit toilets at most huts and shelters, and at some campfire sites. You may need to have your own toilet paper.
Uyqu
There are lots of commercial lodging facilities near at least some popular parks – but if you are going to spend more than a day in the park, you should look also at other options.
At the hiking destinations in northern Finland there are open wilderness huts providing accommodation for the night for free, often a day's hike or more from any trailhead. They may be used by anybody, but staying overnight is disallowed on commercial tours or arriving by motor vehicle. Also big groups should sleep in reserved beds or in their tents instead. You need about the same equipment as when sleeping in tents, but will be able to get warm and dry as you have got the fire going in the wood stove, and sometimes even have the luxury of a gas stove for cooking or of a sauna bath (do not even think about electricity or running water; have some candles for light in autumn and winter). There are no mattresses, so carry your own, in addition to sleeping bags etc. Latecomers have an absolute right to the facilities; those who already had a chance to get warm have to arrange room, by leaving if necessary, be it in the middle of the night. The common thing to do is to arrange room for possible other guests before they show up, at latest before you go to sleep, or, if the hut is small and you want to overnight indoors, put up your tent anyway to make freeing up the hut easy.
In popular areas there are also reservation huts, where you get a guaranteed bed, usually with blanket, mattress and pillow, for about €10 (use own linen). Usually you get (and leave) the key at the visitor centre or some nearby business. Bigger and commercial parties should use this option, as should people with snowmobiles.
The open and the reservable huts are meant for staying a night or two, not longer times. Typically one stays in the same hut for two nights only for the resting day of a long hike, to dry equipment, or waiting out foul weather. Make sure those arriving later feel welcome; you should avoid making it look like it were your place. Staying more than two nights is permitted in some huts off season, otherwise bad manners (and disallowed). If the trails are busy, you should probably have your resting day somewhere else, and leave an open wilderness hut for your tent as soon as you have got warm and dry.
Some of the less popular wilderness huts have been transformed into rental huts, which are booked for a party, often for somewhat longer periods, e.g. as a base for fishing trips in the area. They might have a rowing boat, sauna and similar.
Also day huts can be used for overnight stay, in cases where your primary plans get upset, e.g. by a snow storm. Using them overnight just for comfort as part of your plan is not allowed.
Beside the normal "huts", which are small log houses, there are more primitive turf huts va Lap pole tents, the former partly dug into the ground and with a roof made of turf, the latter timber constructions with or without a plank floor. In most you have to sleep on the floor (i.e. mostly the ground). There may be a fireplace instead of a stove.
Going to the south, open wilderness huts get sparse. As winters are less severe here, you can get away without them. Instead there are lean-to shelters, where you can spend the evening by a campfire and get shelter from rain in the night.
All the huts work mainly by self service. Check instructions (there is a folder in most huts) and leave the hut as you would like to find it. You may be supposed to chop firewood, and at least to carry some indoors from the wood shed, instead of what you used. Note your visit in the guest book, including where you came from and where you are going. There are guest books also at many shelters, often in what looks like a post box. Nowadays there is a web page for most Metsähallitus huts, specifying capacity and equipment, and warning for deficiencies, check if you have the chance.
The main option is of course a chodir. You might want to carry one even if you plan to use huts, especially in peak season (get warm and dry in the hut, but sleep in the tent, if you suspect another party may arrive later) or hiking in severe conditions (where you might not reach the hut before dark). In spring and autumn (when the conditions are mild and there are no or few mosquitoes even in the night) a tarp tent or similar shelter can be used instead of a tent.
There are seldom proper camping areas in the parks. Instead you can put your tent near provided infrastructure, such as open wilderness huts and campfire places. In some busy parks only designated areas are to be used, but the facilities are similar. In the backcountry of larger parks you can usually put your tent anywhere but in a few restricted areas.
When visiting smaller areas without facilities, you can still use your tent: sleeping in the wood outside the area for a night or two is allowed by the right to access, provided due consideration.
Stay safe and healthy
Keep iliq and afloat. In remote areas you will not be able to get any quick help in emergencies, so know your limits and prepare well for anything demanding. Remember mobile phone coverage may be poor in some areas.
In the backcountry, use the guest books also to note where you are going next, especially if you make changes in your plans. They will help the rescue teams find you if you do not make it to your destination. You did tell somebody when to call the rescue service, and your planned route, didn't you?
In emergencies you do what you have to do, such as overstaying in a wilderness hut in dangerous weather or making a fire without permit (or even using somebody's private cottage) after crashing through the ice of a lake. If there are other people in the hut, let those most in need of shelter or a bed get it (latecomers, children?), and if you cause damage or use resources you are not entitled to, be respectful and do your best to compensate afterwards.
Dangerous encounters with animals are rare. The European adder is the only poisonous snake (see Finlyandiya for advice). There are bears and wolves, but they avoid humans. As long as you do not manage to get between a bear and her cubs or let your dog find and provoke a bear, you should be pretty safe (they have not learnt to come after your food). Also elk, owls and some other wildlife can be dangerous unless you stay clear of their young.
The ticks carry Lyme disease or TBE, especially in some areas. Both are potentially nasty. You might want to take precautions. Northern Lapland is still tick-free.
Mosquitoes are a non-trivial nuisance in many of the areas in summer, especially in the north and by wetlands. Hundreds of stings may even make you ill. Make sure you have plenty of repellent at hand, a hat with a mosquito net (in the worst areas) and a mosquito proof tent. Black flies (breeding in streams, not still water, and thus more common in the north) are even worse, as they will find any small hole in your protection.
Another little beast, which can drive people crazy, is the deer fly (hirvikärpänen, älgfluga). This poor flat fly crawls around in your hair and clothing in the hopeless quest of finding the deer in you. After having cut off its wings it has no choice but to continue, even realizing its mistake. They are harmless and seldom bite humans, but rather difficult to chase away or squeeze.