G'arbiy Java orolining g'arbiy uchdan bir qismidir Java, Indoneziya. G'arbdan sharqqa viloyatini qamrab oladi Banten, Jakarta maxsus poytaxti (DKI Jakarta) va viloyati G'arbiy Yava (Jawa Barat). G'arbiy Yava - bu er yuzidagi aholi zich joylashgan mintaqalardan biri, ammo baribir o'tib bo'lmaydigan tropik o'rmonlarning keng tabiiy hududlari, shuningdek, ko'plab faol vulqonlar va tanho plyajlar mavjud.
Mintaqalar
| Buyuk Jakarta Poytaxti bilan dunyodagi eng aholi punktlaridan biri Jakarta va uning atrofi. Mintaqa shuningdek o'z ichiga oladi Ming orollar Jakarta ko'rfazida. |
| Banten Bir paytlar kuchli Banten sultonligining markazi bo'lib, mintaqa g'arbiy qirg'oq bo'ylab turli xil plyaj kurortlarini va Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i ko'plab noyob flora va fauna turlari bilan. |
| Bogor Raya Shahar Bogor mashhur botanika bog'i va ikkita milliy park va keng choy plantatsiyalariga ega vulqon tog 'tizmasi bilan. |
| Paraxyangan Sundan madaniyati yuragi Yava shahridagi ParijBandung, vulqonlar, krater ko'llari va issiq buloqlar. |
| Sharqiy Paraxyangan Ko'proq vulqonlar, shu jumladan Ciremai tog'ining milliy bog'i G'arbiy Yavaning eng baland tog'i va Yavaning janubiy sohilidagi taniqli plyajlari bilan. |
| Shimoliy qirg'oq Yavaning eng qadimiy ibodatxonalari, keng sholi dalalari, "qisqichbaqalar shahri" Cirebonva Yava dengizi sohillari. |
Shaharlar
- 1 Jakarta - tartibsiz, tiqilinch, ammo g'alati maftunkor Indoneziya poytaxti.
- 2 Bandung - the Yava shahridagi Parij Gollandiyalik mustamlakachilik kunlari, hozirda xarid qilish va oziq-ovqat bilan mashhur bo'lgan universitet shahri.
- 3 Bogor - jahon miqyosidagi botanika bog'lari bilan mashhur bo'lgan sobiq yozgi poytaxt.
- 4 Ciamis - bir paytlar kuchli Galuh Shohligining poytaxti.
- 5 Cirebon - to'rtta sulton saroyi bilan, Yava dengizi sohilida "qisqichbaqalar shahri" laqabini olgan.
- 6 Garut - salqin iqlimi va ko'plab vulqonli buloqlari bo'lgan tog 'shaharchasi.
- 7 Pangandaran - Tabiiy qo'riqxonasi va band bo'lgan baliq bozori bilan Hind okeanidagi plyaj shahri.
- 8 Sukabumi - choy, kofe va rezina plantatsiyalari bilan o'ralgan Gede tog'idagi vulqon etagidagi shahar.
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
- 1 Banten - endi kichik bir qishloq, lekin bir paytlar qudratli Banten Sultonligining markazi.
- 2 Batujaya - Java-ning eng qadimiy ibodatxonalari bo'lgan (ehtimol) arxeologik maydon.
- 3 Cividey - ko'k suvli oltingugurt hidi Kawah Putih krater ko'l.
- 4 Gede Pangrango milliy bog'i - ikki vulqon atrofida joylashgan Indoneziyaning eng ko'p tashrif buyuriladigan milliy bog'i.
- 5 Puncak - guruch dalalari, choy plantatsiyalari, daryolar va vulqonlar orasida juda mashhur dam olish kunlari.
- 6 Ming orollar milliy bog'i - Jakarta qirg'og'ida, oq qumli plyajli kichik orollar.
- 7 Ujung Genteng - Hind okeanidagi baliqchilar qishlog'i, toshbaqalar qo'riqxonasi.
- 8 Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i - Javan karkidonining so'nggi tutilishi va Butunjahon merosi ro'yxati.
Tushuning
G'arbiy Java juda zich joylashgan 73 million kishi taxminan 45000 m maydonda yashovchi2 (mamlakatiga o'xshash maydon Estoniya yoki AQSh shtati Pensilvaniya) yoki aholi zichligi o'rtacha km ga 1600 kishidan ko'proq2. Biroq, aholi zichligi juda notekis bo'lingan, ayniqsa, ko'plab odamlar yashaydi Buyuk Jakarta mintaqa va boshqa bir qancha shahar joylari, mintaqaning qolgan qismi esa ozgina odamlar yashaydigan tropik o'rmonlar va vulqonlardan iborat.
Tarix
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VII asrdan XVI asrgacha deyarli 1000 yil davomida G'arbiy Yava Hind shohliklari ning Sunda (markazida Bogor Raya) va Galuh (markazida Sharqiy Paraxyangan). O'z navbatida, ko'p asrlar davomida bu qirolliklar Buddist hukmronligi ostida bo'lgan Srivijaya Qirollik Sumatra. XVI asrda shohliklar yangi tashkil etilgan islomiy sultonliklarga o'z hududlarini tezda yo'qotishdi Banten va Cirebonva Islom aholining ko'p qismida tarqaldi. Bu bugungi kungacha shunday bo'lib kelgan, garchi mintaqada Islom hanuzgacha hindu, buddist va animist aqidalarning ta'sirida.
Ko'p o'tmay, shuningdek Evropa mustamlakachilari (asosan portugallar va gollandlar) Indoneziya arxipelagiga va G'arbiy Yavaga kelishdi. Gollandiyaning Ost-Hind kompaniyasi (VOC) porti yaqinida savdo punktini tashkil qildi Sunda Kelapa (hozirgi kunda Shimoliy Jakarta) 1611 yilda va 1619 yilga kelib qal'a qurilgan, nomi berilgan Bataviya. Ikki asr davomida Gollandiyaning Bataviya ma'muriyati Banten va Cirebon sultonliklari bilan birga yashadi, ammo mustamlakachilik kuchining kuchi muttasil oshib bordi. 18-asrning boshlarida butun Paraxyangan tog 'mintaqasi gollandlar nazorati ostida bo'lgan va 19-asrning boshlariga kelib sultonliklar Gollandiya hukmronligi ostidagi protektoratlardan ko'proq bo'lgan.
1798 yilda VOC tarqatib yuborildi va mustamlaka Gollandiya davlati tomonidan qabul qilib olindi Gollandiyalik Sharqiy Hindiston. Ko'p o'tmay, Buyuk Post yo'li inglizlar hujumiga uchragan taqdirda qo'shinlarni tezda harakatga keltirish uchun Java bo'ylab qurilgan. Yo'l inglizlarning bosqiniga xalaqit bermadi va Yava 1811 yildan 1814 yilgacha Angliya hukmronligi ostida edi. Keyinchalik Gollandiya hukmronligi tiklandi va Buyuk Post yo'li harbiy maqsadlar uchun emas, balki savdo va aloqa uchun muhim bo'lib qoldi. Masalan, choy, kofe va rezina plantatsiyalariga etib borish ancha osonlashdi Bogor Raya va Paraxyangan.
Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida mintaqa yaponlar tomonidan bosib olingan va Yaponiya taslim bo'lganidan keyin darhol Indoneziya mustaqilligi yilda e'lon qilindi Markaziy Jakarta 1945 yilda. Gollandiyaliklar Indoneziyaning mustaqilligini tan olishlari uchun to'rt yillik urush davom etdi. Hozirgi kunda G'arbiy Yava mamlakatning eng gullab-yashnagan joylari qatoriga kiradi, garchi odamlarning ko'pligi infratuzilmani engishga qiynalsa va juda katta iqtisodiy tengsizliklar mavjud.
Madaniyat
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G'arbiy Yava ko'pchiligining an'anaviy madaniyati Sunduzcha odamlar. In Shimoliy qirg'oq shahar atrofi Cirebon, Cirebonese madaniyati dominant bo'lib, bu Sundan madaniyati bilan Yava madaniyati aralashmasi Markaziy Java. Ammo asrlar davomida G'arbiy Yava madaniyati boshqa Indoneziya orollari va chet eldan kelgan etnik guruhlar ta'sirida bo'lgan. Jakartaning "ona" madaniyati Betavi madaniyat, o'z-o'zidan yashagan turli xil etnik guruhlarning madaniyatlarini birlashtirishdir Bataviya (the Jakartaning eski shahri) 17-18 asrlarda, jumladan Sundan va Yava, shuningdek, masalan Minangkabau, Makassar, Bali, Xitoy, hind va golland. Hozirgi kunda Buyuk Jakarta Indoneziya arxipelagi bo'ylab madaniyatlarning erish qozonidir.
Sundan xalqining san'ati va madaniyati tarixdan oldingi mahalliy animizm, hind-buddistlar tarixi va hozirgi islom madaniyati ta'sirini aks ettiradi. Deb nomlangan she'riy misralar orqali hikoya qilish Pantun Sunda, asosan Sunda Qirolligi tarixiga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, Sangkuriang va Tangkuban Perahu vulqonining yaratilishi kabi afsonalarni o'z ichiga oladi. Lembang.
An'anaviy sundan musiqasining ajoyib namunasi angklung bambuk musiqa, bu YuNESKOning insoniyatning og'zaki va nomoddiy merosi durdonasi. Taniqli angklung orkestri Saung Angklung Udjoo'z teatri bilan Sharqiy Bandung. Pencak silat Indoneziya jang san'ati turlarining to'plamidir. G'arbiy Java, silat Sunda (shuningdek, deyiladi silat Bandung) va silat Betavi (Jakarta) o'ziga xos navlardir.
Iqlim
G'arbiy Java-da a tropik musson iqlimi, aniq nam va quruq fasllar bilan. Eng nam oylar noyabrdan martgacha (yanvar va fevral oylarining eng yuqori darajasi), eng quruq oylar esa iyundan sentyabrgacha. Yomg'ir yil davomida sodir bo'ladi, ammo quruq mavsumda ham qisqa, ammo kuchli yog'ingarchiliklar (ko'pincha quyosh botishi atrofida) tez-tez uchraydi. Boshqa tomondan, hatto yomg'irli mavsumning eng qizg'in davrida ham kun bo'yi yomg'ir yog'ishi odatiy hol emas. Ba'zi mintaqaviy farqlar mavjud, ayniqsa Bogor ("yomg'ir shahri" laqabli) ko'p yomg'ir yog'moqda va deyarli har kuni momaqaldiroq. Bogorda ham, ko'pincha ertalab quruq bo'ladi, yomg'ir odatda tushdan keyin rivojlanadi.
Pasttekisliklarda o'rtacha kunduzgi harorat (shu jumladan Buyuk Jakarta) yil davomida taxminan 29 dan 32 ° C gacha, tungi harorat odatda 22 ° C dan past bo'lmaydi. Bandung tog 'shahri (dengiz sathidan 750 m balandlikda) an'anaviy ravishda bir oz sovuqroq bo'lganligi sababli mashhur bo'lgan (kunduzgi o'rtacha 26 dan 29 ° C gacha). Biroq, iqlim o'zgarishi va shahar issiqlik orolining ta'siri kombinatsiyasi tufayli issiq harorat yil davomida seziladi. Tog'larga qanchalik baland tushsangiz, harorat qancha sovuq bo'lsa. Kabi tog 'qishloqlari Ciater va Puncak tunda havo harorati qariyb 15 ° C, vulqonlar tepasida esa 5 ° S bo'lsa.
Gapir
The Indonez tili, rasmiy bo'lish, keng tarqalgan va tushunarli va katta shaharlarda va Jakarta metropolitenida ishlatiladigan asosiy til. G'arbiy Java-ning aksariyat qismida mahalliy til SunduzchaIndoneziya bilan bog'liq, ammo o'zaro tushunarli emas. Shimoliy qirg'oq bo'ylab Yava keng tarqalgan. Jakartada Betavi til ishlatiladi, boshqalar qatoridan xokkien xitoy, arab, portugal va golland tillaridan olingan so'zlardan ko'proq foydalanilgan holda indonez tilidagi kreol ishlatiladi.
Garchi maktablarda ingliz tili universal tarzda o'qitilsa-da, aksariyat odamlar suhbatdosh emas va ko'pchilik gapirishga noqulay his etadilar. Yaxshi mehmonxonalar xodimlari va aviakompaniyalar xodimlari odatda ingliz tilini yaxshi bilishadi, shuningdek, eng yirik shaharlar (asosan Jakarta va Bandung) va eng turistik hududlarda (masalan, turizm sohasida) ishlaydigan odamlar. Pangandaran).
Chiqinglar
Samolyotda
Yangi Kertajati xalqaro aeroporti (KJT IATA) mintaqaning asosiy aeroporti bo'lish uchun mo'ljallangan, ammo u faqat ba'zi ichki reyslarga va Tiruvanathapuramda yonilg'i to'xtash bilan Madinaga mavsumiy parvozga xizmat qiladi. Shunga qaramay, aeroport uchun juda ko'p rejalar mavjud, chunki u Jakarta aeroportlarini G'arbiy Yava yo'nalishidagi havo harakatini yangi aeroportga yo'naltirish va Bandung aeroportini almashtirish yo'li bilan dekontaj qilish uchun mo'ljallangan.
Mintaqaning eng gavjum aeroporti, shuningdek, mamlakatning eng gavjum aeroporti Soekarno-Hatta xalqaro aeroporti (CGK IATA) ichida Tangerang, shimoli-g'arbdan taxminan 20 km Markaziy Jakarta. Aeroportda Indoneziyaning deyarli barcha viloyatlaridan hamda yirik shaharlaridan tez-tez uchib turadigan samolyotlar mavjud Janubi-sharqiy Osiyo. Shuningdek, Avstraliya, Sharqiy Osiyo, Janubiy Osiyo, Yaqin Sharq va Evropaning turli yo'nalishlaridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri reyslar mavjud. Jakartaning ikkinchi aeroporti, Halim Perdanakusuma aeroporti (HLP IATA) ichida Sharqiy Jakarta, Indoneziyaning aksariyat yirik shaharlaridan aloqaga ega, ammo xalqaro reyslar yo'q. Husein Sastranegara xalqaro aeroporti (BDO IATA) ichida Shimoli-g'arbiy Bandung Malayziya va Singapurdan xalqaro reyslar va Indoneziyaning aksariyat yirik shaharlaridan ichki aloqalar bilan G'arbiy Yavaning markaziy va sharqiy qismlari uchun yaxshi kirish joyi.
Poyezdda
G'arbiy Java-ga Java-ning boshqa qismlaridan poezdda etib borish mumkin, bu erda asosiy aloqalar Surabaya (Sharqiy Java) yoki Yogyakarta orqali Semarang (Markaziy Java) Cirebon va Jakartaga, va Yogyakartadan Bandungacha. Poyezdlar tomonidan boshqariladi PT. Kereta Api Indoneziya.
Avtobusda
Ko'pgina provintsiyalararo avtobus aloqalari mavjud (nomlangan AKAP uchun Antar Kota Antar Provinsi, shaharlararo / shaharlararo) G'arbiy Yavaning muhim shaharlariga, asosan Jakarta va Bandungga. Ning asosiy shaharlaridan tez-tez avtobus qatnovlari mavjud Markaziy va Sharqiy Java (masalan, Semarang, Yogyakarta va Surabaya), shuningdek Sumatra, Bali va Lombokdan uzoq masofali avtobus xizmatlari. Shuni yodda tutingki, ushbu avtobus sayohatlari bir necha kunga cho'zilishi mumkin va parvoz ko'pincha ancha qulay variant hisoblanadi.
Paromda
G'arbiy Java (porti.) O'rtasida parom aloqasi mavjud Merak) va Sumatra (Lampung viloyat) kuniga 24 soat ishlaydi. O'tish taxminan 2 soat davom etadi.
Indoneziya bo'ylab shaharlarga uzoq masofali parom aloqalari Tanjung Priok portidan boshlanadi Shimoliy Jakartatomonidan boshqariladi PELNI.
Atrofga boring
Infratuzilma G'arbiy Yava aholisining juda yuqori zichligini engish uchun kurashmoqda. Ayniqsa Buyuk Jakarta, shuningdek, boshqa shahar joylarida Bandung va Cirebon, transport juda gavjum va tartibsiz. Ushbu hududlarning aksariyat yo'llari shov-shuv vaqtida katta tirbandlikka ega, ammo avj soatlaridan tashqarida ham tirbandliklar tez-tez uchraydi. Dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari, shuningdek, sayyohlik joylariga boradigan va qaytib keladigan yo'llarda uzoq tirbandliklar kuzatiladi (masalan, Jakartadan Bandunggacha bo'lgan pullik yo'llar, Puncak tog 'dovoni va Har qanday plyaj). Oxirida yillik ta'til paytida Ramazon ro'za tutadigan oy, Buyuk Jakarta va Markaziy Java ko'pincha bir necha kun davom etadi.
Avtomobil yoki mototsiklda
G'arbiy Yava yo'l tarmog'i keng shaharlarga bog'langan pullik avtomagistrallar va butun mintaqadagi magistral yo'llar bilan keng tarqalgan. Biroq, yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, bu transport vositalarining sonini engish uchun etarli emas, shuning uchun yo'llar juda zich. Ayniqsa, asosiy yo'llardan tashqarida, ba'zan yo'llarning sifati yomon. Yomg'irli mavsumda ko'chkilar tog'li hududlarda transport harakatiga to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin, yo'llarni suv bosishi esa hatto Jakartada ham keng tarqalgan.
Indoneziyadagi haydash odatlari qo'rqinchli va tartibsiz bo'lib, yo'l harakati qoidalariga ko'pincha e'tibor berilmaydi. Yuk mashinalari va avtobuslar odatda "katta transport vositasi yo'l harakati huquqiga ega" qoidalariga amal qilishadi. Boshqa tomondan, voqea sodir bo'lgan taqdirda, mototsikl haydovchilari hech qachon aybni qabul qilmaydi. Ayniqsa, agar siz Indoneziyada birinchi marotaba bo'lsangiz, o'zingiz haydab ketishdan ko'ra, haydovchi bilan mashina ijaraga olganingiz ma'qul. Haydovchini yollashning qo'shimcha narxi odatda kuniga 10000-10000 Rp ni tashkil qiladi va ba'zi avtomobillarni ijaraga beruvchi kompaniyalar hatto haydovchisiz mashinalarni chet elliklarga ijaraga berishni xohlamaydilar.
Poyezdda
G'arbiy Yavaning aksariyat shaharlari va yirik shaharchalari temir yo'l tarmog'iga ulangan. Poezdlar umuman ishonchli, ammo juda tez emas. Eng tez-tez uchraydigan poezdlar Buyuk Jakarta maydon. The KA Commuter Jabodetabek tarmoqda poytaxtdagi ko'plab stantsiyalarni, shuningdek, shahar atrofi va yo'ldosh shaharlarni bir-biriga bog'laydigan oltita rangli kodli poezd yo'nalishlari mavjud (shu jumladan Bogor). Barcha shahar poezdlari iqtisodiy sinf, ammo barcha vagonlarda konditsioner mavjud. Shaharlararo poezdlar uchun ikkita asosiy stantsiya, Gambir va Pasar Senen stantsiyalar Markaziy Jakarta, qatnovchi poezdlar xizmat ko'rsatmaydilar, chunki tranzit noqulay.
Shaharlararo poezdlar ikkiga bo'lingan iqtisodiy sinf, biznes-klassva ijro etuvchi sinf. Sinflar orasidagi asosiy farq - bu o'rindiqlarning qulayligi va mavjud shaxsiy maydon. Boshqaruv sinfidagi vagonlarda ko'ngil ochish va ovqatga xizmat ko'rsatadigan televizion displeylar mavjud. Asosiy shaharlararo poezd yo'nalishlari - Jakartadan portga Merak, ga Cirebon (va undan keyin) Markaziy Java) va Bandungga, shuningdek Bandungdan to Tasikmalaya va Banjar (va undan keyin Markaziy Java). Bogordan kuniga bir necha (ekonom klass) poezdlar mavjud Sukabumiva Sukabumiga Sianjur. Ko'plab uzoq masofali poezdlar biznes va / yoki ekonom klassdagi poezdlar bo'lib, faqat yirik stantsiyalarda to'xtashadi. Ko'pgina kichik stantsiyalar kuniga atigi bir nechta poezdni ko'rishadi.
Avtobusda
Shaharlararo avtobus aloqalari poezd aloqalariga qaraganda ancha tez-tez uchraydi. Biroq, tezlik tezligi yo'l sharoitiga va tirbandlikka bog'liq. Odatda, avtobuslar ikki yoki undan ortiq avtobus terminali o'rtasida belgilangan yo'nalishlar bo'yicha harakatlanadi. Aksariyat avtobuslar yo'lovchilarni olib ketish va tushirish uchun marshrut bo'ylab deyarli hamma joyda to'xtaydi. Jakarta va kabi yirik shaharlar o'rtasida Cirebon, soatiga ko'plab avtobuslar bor, tunda ham. Shuningdek, tez-tez avtobuslar ham bor Soekarno-Hatta xalqaro aeroporti bo'ylab avtobus terminallariga Buyuk Jakarta, shuningdek Serang, Bogor, Karavangva Bandung. Kichik shaharchalarga borish uchun avtobuslar jadvalini oldindan so'rashingiz yoki boshqa shaharga ko'chib o'tishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin.
Standart avtobus (yo'lovchi) yo'nalishlaridan tashqari, boshqa turdagi avtobuslar ham mavjud. Eng gavjum marshrutlarda (ayniqsa, Jakarta-Bandung) ko'plab nomlar mavjud sayohat (taxminan 6 dan 12 gacha yo'lovchiga mo'ljallangan hashamatli mikroavtobuslar) yordamida ko'plab joylar (nuqta) o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri transport aloqasini ta'minlaydi Elf, Salom, yoki L300 (o'lchamlari bo'yicha o'xshash sayohatIsuzu Elf va Mitsubishi L300 moslamalari nomlari bilan nomlangan, ammo unchalik ham hashamatli emas, ko'proq joylardan foydalaning va yo'l bo'ylab to'xtab turing).
Shaharlarda va ularning chekkalarida, shuningdek qishloqlar o'rtasida jamoat transporti quyidagilardan iborat angkot (jamoat minivenlari). Angkotlar belgilangan yo'nalish bo'yicha harakat qilishadi, ammo qatnov jadvali yo'q va to'xtash joylari yo'q. Ketish uchun faqat qo'lingizni ko'taring. Tushish uchun "Kiri!" Deb baqiring. haydovchiga, shuning uchun u chap tomonda (Indoneziya:) kiri) yo'l tomoni. Shahar ichkarisida angkot safari narxi odatda 2000 dan 5000 Rp gacha. Eng yaxshisi, mahalliy aholidan qaysi angkot marshruti bilan borishini va siz tushmoqchi bo'lgan joyni qanday aniqlashni so'rash yaxshidir. Buyuk Jakarta hududida ko'plab qo'shimcha avtobus turlari mavjud, shu jumladan avtobus tez tranzit tizimi Transjakarta. Maqolaga qarang Jakarta qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.
Taksida
Taksilar katta shaharlarda, ayniqsa Buyuk Jakarta hududida, Bogor va Bandungda juda ko'p. Indoneziyaning eng taniqli taksi kompaniyasi, Moviy qushlar guruhi, ushbu shaharlarda ham mavjud Serang. Ishonchliligi ma'lum bo'lgan boshqa taksi kompaniyalari kiradi Ekspres Buyuk Jakarta hududida va AA Taksi Bandungda. Nufuzli kompaniyalarning ushbu taksilari doimo taksometrdan foydalanadilar (argo ko'chalarda taksilarni kutib olishlari yoki telefon yoki smartfon ilovalari orqali buyurtma berishlari mumkin. Ko'p sonli taksilar yirik mehmonxonalar, savdo markazlari, sayyohlik joylari va boshqa joylarda mavjud Soekarno-Hatta xalqaro aeroporti. Ba'zi bir boshqa kompaniyalarning taksilari va kichikroq shaharlardagi ko'pchilik taksilar har doim ham taksometrdan foydalanmaydi va siz haydovchi bilan narx bo'yicha kelishib olishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Jakarta kabi yirik shaharlarda taksichi hisoblagichdan foydalanishga rozi bo'lishidan oldin kirishni rad etish orqali buni oldini olish yaxshiroqdir. Kichik shaharlarda sizda hech qanday imkoniyat qolmasligi mumkin.
Oddiy taksilar bilan bir qatorda, ijaraga olish uchun turli xil transport vositalari mavjud. Eng keng tarqalgan ojek (mototsikl taksisi). Ojek chavandozlarni mintaqaning ishbilarmon tumanlaridan tortib hamma joyda topish mumkin Markaziy Jakarta uzoq tog'li qishloqlarga. Ojek odatda katta ko'cha burchaklaridagi guruhlarga bo'linadi. Narxni kelishib olish kerak bo'ladi, lekin bir necha km qisqa yurish uchun 5000-10000 Rp odatiy holdir. Narxlar olis hududlarda yoki transport tirbandligi bo'lgan taqdirda yuqori bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'pchilik ojek chavandozlarda siz kiyishingiz uchun zaxira dubulg'a bo'ladi. Ojek Bugungi kunda, shuningdek, sizning telefoningizdagi talabga binoan ilova orqali ham ijaraga olish mumkin ojek xizmatlarga GoJek va GrabBike kiradi, ikkalasi ham har bir kilometr uchun 2000 rp atrofida bir xil tarifga ega va minimal to'lov 7 500 rp. va odatda onlayn bo'lmagan ojekka nisbatan arzonroq.
Jakartada ijaraga olinadigan transport vositalarining yana bir turi bu bajaj, Jakartaning tuk-tuk versiyasi. Bu oddiy taksiga qaraganda unchalik qulay emas, lekin tirbandlikda tezroq. Yomg'ir yog'sa a bajaj dan yaxshiroqdir ojek chunki uning tomi bor. Viloyat bo'ylab joylarda siz yollashingiz mumkin beck (tsikl rikshasi). Jakarta va Bandungning ba'zi qismlari kabi gavjum joylarda, beck ruxsat berilmaydi, chunki ular transport oqimiga to'sqinlik qiladi. A beck kichikroq shahar va qishloqlarda qisqa masofalar uchun ayniqsa foydalidir. Ba'zi joylarda siz ham yollashingiz mumkin delman (ot aravasi).
Samolyotda
Hududda samolyotda sayohat qilish, odatda, imkoniyat emas. Biroq, Halim aeroportidan ba'zi reyslar mavjud Sharqiy Jakarta Nusaviru aeroportiga (o'rtasida Pangandaran va Batu Karas), Bandungva Tasikmalaya.
Qarang
Milliy bog'lar
G'arbiy Yavada beshta milliy bog' mavjud. Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i, orolning g'arbiy uchida Banten, mamlakatning birinchi milliy bog'i bo'lgan va 1992 yildan beri YuNESKOning Jahon merosi ro'yxati. Milliy bog'ga Java-ning qolgan eng katta pasttekislik yomg'ir o'rmoni kiradi va materik qismidan tashqari u Panaitan orolini, shuningdek, tabiiy qo'riqxonani o'z ichiga oladi. Krakatoa vulqon. Taxminan 50 dan 60 gacha aholisi bo'lgan, er yuzidagi eng noyob yirik hayvon bo'lgan tanqidiy xavf ostida bo'lgan Yava Rhinocerosning yagona qolgan uyi.
Mintaqadagi yana bir milliy bog 'bu Ming orollar milliy bog'i, Jakarta qirg'og'ida. Uning nomi biroz abartılıdır, chunki dengiz parki "faqat" 110 oroldan iborat. 13 ta orol sayyohlik uchun to'liq ishlab chiqilgan, qolganlari esa hech kim yashamaydi yoki kichik baliqchilar qishlog'iga ega. Milliy bog'da katta marjon riflari va dengiz o'tlarining ko'p turlari mavjud. Bu juda xavfli xavf ostida bo'lgan qirg'iy dengiz toshbaqasi va yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan yashil dengiz kaplumbağasining uyi.
G'arbiy Yavaning qolgan uchta milliy bog'i vulkanlar atrofida joylashgan. Halimun Salak milliy bog'i va Gede Pangrango milliy bog'i ikkalasi ham Bogor Raya viloyat, shaharning g'arbiy va sharqida joylashgan Bogornavbati bilan. Bog'lardagi hayvonlarning ayrim turlariga kumush gibbonlar va Javan lutung maymunlari va o'nlab yoki noyob qush turlari kiradi. Ciremai tog'ining milliy bog'i, ichida Sharqiy Paraxyangan bilan chegaraga yaqin hudud Markaziy Java G'arbiy Yavaning eng baland tog'i atrofida (3078 m) joylashgan. Milliy bog'da siz leoparlar, xovul qiladigan kiyiklar va pitonlarning bir nechta turlarini, shuningdek, yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan Javan surili maymuni va Javan qirg'iy-burgutini uchratishingiz mumkin.
Mustamlakachilikgacha bo'lgan tarixiy diqqatga sazovor joylar
Evropalik mustamlakachilar XVI asrda Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoga, shu jumladan G'arbiy Yavaga kela boshladilar. Ushbu davrgacha bo'lgan mintaqada turli xil diqqatga sazovor joylar mavjud. Eng qadimgi ko'rinish bu Gunung Padang Megalitik sayti yaqin Sianjur, bu Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi eng yirik megalitik sayt. Ushbu sayt miloddan avvalgi 5000 yilgacha yoki undan oldinroq qurib bitkazilgan deb o'ylashadi, bu esa uni Egyption piramidalaridan ham eski qiladi. Ba'zi olimlar inshootlar chindan ham inson tomonidan yaratilganligiga shubha qilishadi va bu qadimgi vulqon otilishi natijasida bo'lishi mumkin. Shunga qaramay, saytga tashrif buyurish mumkin. Arxeologik tadqiqotlar davom etmoqda.
Ehtimol eng qadimgi Java ibodatxonalari topish mumkin Batujaya shimoliy qirg'oq yaqinida. Ushbu ma'bad xarobalari haqida ko'p narsa ma'lum emas, ammo ular Tarumanagara Shohligi davrida 5-6-yillarda qurilgan deb taxmin qilinadi. Ma'badlar Buddist bo'lishi mumkin. Keyinchalik G'arbiy Yavada qariyb 1000 yil davomida hukmronlik qilgan hindlarning Sunda va Galuh qirolliklari ozgina arxeologik qoldiqlarni qoldirdilar. G'arbiy Yavada bu davrdan qolgan yagona hind ibodatxonasi - bu yaqin bo'lgan 8-asrning Cangkuang ibodatxonasi Garut. Kavalida (yaqin Ciamis), Galuh qirolligining poytaxti deb hisoblangan, Galuh shohiga bag'ishlangan XIV asr yozuvlari mavjud.
G'arbiy Yavoning birinchi islomiy kuchlaridan - madaniy meros qolgan Banten va Cirebon sultonliklari (XV asrdan boshlab). Banten sultonligi XVI asrdan boshlab qudratli va obod edi, bu esa uning poytaxtida ajoyib binolar qurishga olib keldi. Banten. Qolgan diqqatga sazovor joylar - sulton saroyi va Bantening ulkan masjidi bo'lib, shahar va sultonlik tarixiga bag'ishlangan muzey mavjud. Markazi Cirebon sultonligi Cirebon Bantendan taxminan 300 km sharqda to'rtta sulton saroyi mavjud. Shaharda, shuningdek, ikkala sultonlikni o'rnatgan Sunan Gunungjati qabrini ziyorat qilish mumkin.
Mustamlaka me'morchiligi
1611 yilda birinchi golland savdo punkti tashkil etilganidan 1949 yilda Indoneziyaning mustaqillik urushi tugagunga qadar Gollandiyalik mustamlakachilar G'arbiy Yavada ulkan madaniy merosni qoldirdilar. Shaharlari Bataviya (Jakarta), Buitenzorg (Bogor) va Bandoeng (Bandung) Gollandiyalik Sharqiy Hindistonning eng muhim shaharlaridan biri bo'lgan, ammo deyarli har bir shahar yoki qishloqda mustamlakachilik me'morchiligida ba'zi tarixiy binolar mavjud. Ayniqsa, hukumat binolari, pochta aloqasi bo'limlari va temir yo'l stantsiyalari ko'pincha a Hind-evropa gibrid uslubi va mustamlakachilik davrining so'nggi 50 yilida Nyu-Hind uslubi tez-tez ishlatilgan.
17-18 asrlarga oid binolar asosan tipik bo'lgan Gollandiyalik me'morchilik da ishlatilganidek Gollandiya o'sha davrda, tropik iqlimga ko'p moslashmasdan. Bunga asosiy misol shahar hokimligini o'z ichiga oladi Bataviya (G'arbiy Jakarta) 1707-1710 yillarda qurilgan bo'lib, u Amsterdam shahar hokimiyatidan (hozirgi qirol saroyi) taqlid qilingan. Batavianing eski shahar zali endi Jakarta tarix muzeyi. Xuddi shu hududda eski shahar (Kota Tua) G'arbda va Shimoliy Jakarta, ushbu davrning ko'plab yodgorliklarini topish mumkin. Sipanadagi tog'dagi prezident saroyi (Puncak), 1740 yilda qurilgan, xuddi shunday uslubda.
Gollandiya davlati 1800 yilgacha VOCni egallab olganidan so'ng, shaharchalar tobora devor bilan o'ralgan qal'alardan tashqarida rivojlanib bordi. Bataviyaning sun'iy yo'ldosh shahri Veltevreden keyinchalik shahar markaziga aylangan va hozirda ishlab chiqilgan Markaziy Jakarta. O'sha davrdagi binolardan biri shunday ataladi oq uy saroyidan ilhomlangan (hozirgi Moliya vazirligi binosi) Versal. Bogordagi saroy (hozirgi prezident saroylaridan biri) shunga o'xshash tarzda qurilgan Hindlar imperiyasi uslubi. 19-asr davomida ko'pincha mahalliy elementlar bilan aralashgan neo-gotik va neo-uyg'onish uslublari keng tarqalgan. Bunga asosiy misol - neo-gotik Jakarta sobori (1891-1901 yillarda qurilgan).
20-asrda ko'plab mustamlakachilik binolari qurilgan Ratsionalist va modernist uslublar. Bu davrdan taniqli binolarning namunalari orasida shaharcha yotoqxonasi mavjud Bandung Texnologiya Instituti (Indoneziya va zamonaviy Evropa elementlarini aralashtirish), Artung Decoy Savoy Homann, shuningdek Bandung'da (1939), Markaziy Jakartadagi modernist Metropole kinoteatri va Ratsionalist Kejaksan temir yo'l stantsiyasi binosi. Cirebon (1912). Mustamlaka davrida muhim bo'lgan G'arbiy Yava shaharlari va qishloqlarining aksariyati bo'ylab joylashgan Buyuk Post yo'li, trans-Java yo'li 1808 yilda qurilgan. Yo'lning g'arbiy terminali Har qanday, bu erda ko'plab mustamlakachilik mayoqlaridan biriga tashrif buyurish mumkin.
Zamonaviy yodgorliklar
Shuningdek, G'arbiy Yavada mustamlakadan keyingi davrga oid ko'plab qiziqarli binolar va yodgorliklar mavjud. In Markaziy Jakarta, ta'sirchan Istiqlol masjidi mustamlakachilik davridagi sobor oldida darhol topish mumkin. 1978 yilda qurib bitkazilgan masjid Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi eng yirik va Indoneziyaning milliy masjidida 200 ming namozxonni sig'inishga qodir. Musulmon bo'lmagan mehmonlar uchun ham qiziq bo'lgan yana bir masjid - bu Bandung ulkan masjidi. Masjidning ayrim qismlari qadimiyroq bo'lishiga qaramay, binoning katta qismi bir necha marta kengaytirish va ta'mirlash vaqtida qurilgan. Masjid balandligi 81 metr bo'lgan ikkita minoraga ega va ulardan biriga shaharning ajoyib manzarasini ko'rish uchun dam olish kunlari kirish mumkin.
Markaziy Jakartada, shuningdek Milliy yodgorlik (nomi bilan tanilgan Monas) topish mumkin, 137 m balandlikdagi obonisk, Indoneziya mustaqilligini nishonlash uchun. Yaqin atrofda, shuningdek Selamat Datang yodgorligi Jakartada bo'lib o'tgan 1962 yilgi Osiyo o'yinlari uchun qurilgan ("Xush kelibsiz yodgorligi"). Shahar RengasdengklokMarkaziy Jakartadan 70 km uzoqlikda, shuningdek, Indoneziya mustaqilligi e'lon qilingan kecha sodir bo'lgan "Rengasdengklok ishi" ni yodga oladigan yodgorlik mavjud.
Muzeylar
Mintaqada turli xil muzeylar mavjud, albatta, ularning aksariyati, ayniqsa poytaxt Jakartada. The Milliy muzey arxeologik, tarixiy, etnologik va geografik muzeydir Markaziy Jakartashu jumladan, oltin buyumlar bilan to'ldirilgan xazina xonasi. Alohida mustamlaka tarixi haqida gap ketganda Jakarta tarix muzeyi yilda G'arbiy Jakarta kattaroq to'plamga ega. Boshqa tarix muzeylari Jakartada Bank Indoneziya muzeyi pul va iqtisodiy tarix bo'yicha (G'arbiy Jakartada ham) Proklamatsiya muzeyi va Sumpah Pemuda muzeyi mustaqillik uchun kurash to'g'risida (ikkalasi ham Markaziy Jakartada) va Bahari muzeyi Indoneziyadagi dengiz hayoti va savdosi tarixi hamda dengiz floti (eski Gollandiyalik East India Company omborlarida Shimoliy Jakarta).
Ba'zilar taniqli Jakartadagi madaniyat va san'at muzeylari o'z ichiga oladi Wayang muzeyi Yava qo'g'irchoq teatri va Tasviriy san'at va seramika muzeyi (ikkalasi ham G'arbiy Jakartada) va Basoeki Abdulloh muzeyi mashhur Indoneziya rassomi ijodiga bag'ishlangan Janubiy Jakarta.
Yana bir mashhur muzey Geologik muzey yilda Shimoliy Bandung, 250,000 toshlar, minerallar va 60,000 qoldiqlari to'plami bilan. Mashhur Gedung Merdeka Bandungda shahar markazi 1955 yilda o'tkazilgan birinchi Qo'shilmaslik Harakati - Osiyo-Afrika konferentsiyasining kollektsiyalari va fotosuratlari namoyish etiladigan muzey.
Ushbu asosiy shaharlar tashqarisidagi muzeylar cheklangan, ammo ba'zi taniqli muzeylarga quyidagilar kiradi Linggadjati konferentsiyasi muzeyi mustaqillik urushi paytida konferentsiyada (yilda Linggajati), the Eski Banten arxeologik muzeyi sultonlikda (yilda Banten), the Benteng merosi muzeyi mamlakatdagi xitoylik muhojirlar tarixi to'g'risida (yilda Tangerang), va Prabu Geusan Ulun muzeyi an'anaviy qurol-aslaha to'g'risida Sumedang). Ba'zi boshqa shaharlarda mahalliy tarix muzeyi mavjud.
Sohillar
Yava dengizi, Sunda bo'g'ozi va Hind okeanidagi qirg'oqlari bilan G'arbiy Yavada ko'plab plyajlar mavjud. Ko'plab mehmonxonalar va dam olish joylari bo'lgan taniqli rivojlangan plyaj shahri Har qanday g'arbiy qirg'oq bo'ylab. Bu Jakartaga eng yaqin plyajlardan biri bo'lganligi sababli, ta'til paytida juda gavjum bo'ladi. Biroq, g'arbiy qirg'oq bo'ylab joylashgan barcha shahar va qishloqlar (shu jumladan) Karita va Panimbang) sayohlarni ham bor, va janubga borgan sari u shunchalik jim turadi. Katta Jakarta Yava dengizi sohilida joylashganligi sababli, u erda ham turli plyajlar mavjud. Ancol plyaji Shimoliy Jakarta tematik parklari va dengiz bo'yidagi restoranlari uchun ko'proq bo'lsa-da, ulardan eng mashhuri. Shimoliy qirg'oqdagi boshqa plyajlar yaqin Pamanukan va Indramayuva, albatta, ofshor orollari Ming orollar milliy bog'i.
G'arbiy Yavaning eng mashhur plyajlari janubiy sohil bo'yida, Hind okeanida. In Ujung Genteng plyajda toshbaqa uchun muqaddas joy bor. Biroq, janubiy qirg'oqdagi plyajlarning asosiy chizig'i bemaqsad uchun to'lqinlardir. Jakartaga eng yaqin joylashgan bemaqsadli qishloq Cimaja. Mintaqaning sharqiy qismida va hafta oxiri Bandungdan qochish kabi mashhur bo'lgan plyaj shahri Pangandaran (Baliq bozori bilan ham tanilgan) va qishloq Batu Karas. Plyajlarda ham sörf qilish mumkin Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i va uning offshor orolidagi Panaitan, ammo ularga faqat qayiqda etib borish mumkin.
Qil
Piyoda yurish
Piyoda yurish G'arbiy Yava tabiiy hududlarida mashhur mashg'ulotdir. Ko'pgina (faol) vulqonlarga ko'tarilish mumkin, eng mashhurlari mintaqaning ikkita eng baland tog'lari: Kiremay tog'i sharqda va egizak cho'qqilari Gede Pangrango milliy bog'i Bogor yaqinida. The Paraxyangan Viloyatda Guntur tog'i va Papandayan tog'i kabi ajoyib sayr qilish yo'llari bo'lgan bir nechta vulqon mavjud Garut va unga yaqin Tangkuban Perahu tog'i Lembang. Ikkinchisiga mashinada ham kirish mumkin.
Vulkanlar atrofida joylashgan piyoda yurishning boshqa variantlarini ushbu sahifada topish mumkin Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i, ham Java materikida, ham Panaitan orolida va Baduy aholisi yashaydigan hududda. Bu deyarli o'tib bo'lmaydigan o'rmon maydoniga shaharchadan etib borish mumkin Rangkasbitung Banten shahrida. Shubhasiz, qisqa yurish uchun butun mintaqada, masalan janubiy sohil bo'ylab, sholi dalalari orqali yaxshi imkoniyatlar mavjud Shimoliy qirg'oq yoki qulupnay dalalari bo'ylab Cividey.
Sörf
G'arbiy Java-da bemaqsad qilish uchun eng yaxshi sharoit quruq mavsumda, taxminan apreldan oktyabrgacha. Hammaga ma'lum bo'lgan bemaqsad tanaffuslar Hind okeanining janubiy sohillari bo'ylab, garchi Sunda bo'g'ozidagi g'arbiy qirg'oqda ham bemaqsad qilish mumkin (masalan, Tanjung Lesung yaqinida) Panimbang). Eng mashhur bemaqsad shaharlari va qishloqlari atrofida joylashgan Pelabuhan Ratu Jakartaning janubida (shu jumladan, bemaqsad qishloqlari Savarna, Cimajava Ujung Genteng) va Pangandaran mintaqaning janubi-sharqida (shu jumladan qishloq Batu Karas). Ushbu shahar va qishloqlarning barchasida bemaqsad muhiti va tegishli binolar mavjud, masalan, pansionlarni ijaraga olish va bemaqsad maktablari. Sörf-tanaffuslarning bir qismi dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari gavjum bo'lishi mumkin, ammo umuman to'lqinlar nisbatan zichroq, ayniqsa Baliga nisbatan.
Sörf-shaharlardan tashqari, turli xil bemaqsad joylari mavjud. Mashhur bemaqsad tanaffuslari Ujung Kulon milliy bog'i. Biroq, milliy bog'da yo'llar yo'qligi sababli, ularga faqat qayiqda yoki piyoda borish mumkin. Milliy bog'ning bir qismi bo'lgan Panaitan orolidagi dengiz orolida bir nechta ajoyib tanaffuslar mavjud, shu jumladan Qiyomat va Bitta palma nuqtasi.
Xarid qilish
Yirik shaharlarda, ayniqsa Buyuk Jakarta va Bandungda zamonaviy savdo majmualari keng assortimentga ega. Some of the largest shopping malls, that offer many famous Indonesian and international shops and cafés, include Pondok Indah Mall in Janubiy Jakarta, Mal Taman Anggrek in G'arbiy Jakarta, Grand Indonesia Shopping Town in Markaziy Jakarta, Summarecon Mall Bekasi in Bekasi, Trans Studio Mall in South Bandung and Paris Van Java in Northwest Bandung. Most upper-class malls can be found in the business districts of Central and South Jakarta.
Some other shopping centres, and also most shopping malls in smaller cities and towns, have less international shop brands, and wider selections of bargain clothing, fake designer wear, etc. The epitome of this type of shopping centre can be found in the Mangga Dua area of North Jakarta, where four interlinked malls offer a huge range of cheap clothes, electronics, and more. Similarly-priced usually fake branded clothes can be found in the Factory Outlet stores, which can be found in abundance not only in Greater Jakarta, but also in Bandung and the Puncak maydon.
In general, shops in the cities are open from about 10:00 to 22:00. In smaller towns and residential neighbourhoods, most shops open earlier and close earlier as well.
Yemoq
In the cities, and especially in the Buyuk Jakarta area and Bandung, a huge range of food is available at thousands of eating venues, from hawkers and modest streetside warung foodstalls to high-end fine dining restaurants. Because of immigration from across the Indonesian archipelago to the cities of Western Java, many traditional types of food from all regions of Indonesia can be easily found. In addition to the regional food from Western Java (see below), traditional Padang restaurants from G'arbiy Sumatra can be found in most towns, and also Javanese food (from Markaziy va East Java) is ubiquitous, including low-budget Varteg (Warung Tegal) foodstalls.
In the urban areas, also foreign food is widely available. The Chinese Indonesian minority operates Chinese restaurants throughout the region, and Western fast food chains are present in most of the cities and in Jakarta's vast suburbs. In the city centres and shopping malls of Greater Jakarta, Bandung, Bogor and other larger cities, Japanese, Korean, and Italian restaurants can be easily found, as well as steak houses.
With the majority of the population being Muslim, most eating venues follow Islamic dietary requirements. Therefore, pork is generally not eaten, and also Western fast food chains such as McDonald's and Pizza Hut do not serve pork. However, various Chinese and Western-style restaurants mainly in Jakarta and Bandung do serve pork, as well as some eating venues operated by people from non-Muslim ethnic groups (for example Bali, Batakva Minahasa).
Sundanese food
West Java is best known for Sunduzcha food, which unusually for Indonesia places a special emphasis on fresh or even raw ingredients. The quintessential Sundanese dish is nasi timbel, which consists of rice wrapped up in a banana leaf, an assortment of raw vegetables known as lalapan (a term that covers cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, coriander leaves, cabbage and more), a freshly pounded chili sauce known as sambal dadak, some tofu or tempeh and maybe a chicken leg, catfish (ikan lele) or some salted fish. This is commonly served with sayur asam, a sour vegetable soup flavored with tamarind. A textural specialty of Sunda (West Java) is karedok, a fresh salad made with long beans, bean sprouts, and cucumber with a spicy sauce. Other Sundanese dishes include mie kocok which is a beef and egg noodle soup, and soto Bandung, a beef and vegetable soup with daikon and lemon grass. A hawker favourite is kupat tahu (pressed rice, bean sprouts, and tofu with soy and peanut sauce). Colenak (roasted cassava with sweet coconut sauce) and ulen (roasted brick of sticky rice with peanut sauce) are dishes usually eaten warm.
Betawi food
The cuisine of the Betawi people of Jakarta has over the centuries been influenced by the regional immigrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, as well as Chinese, Indian, Arab, and European traders, visitors and immigrants. Examples of popular Betawi dishes include soto betawi (beef offals in milky broth), ketoprak (tofu, vegetables and rice cake served with peanut sauce) and kerak telor (spiced coconut omelette). Many Sundanese dishes are also part of the Betawi cuisine, sometimes with just minor differences.
Mahalliy mutaxassisliklar
Apart from the general regional cuisines as explained above, many towns and cities are well known for a specific type of produce, snack, or dish. Various towns are known for their fruit production. In the mountain region of Ciater va Subang, pineapples are produced and widely sold in roadside stalls. In the mountains on the other side of Bandung, in the Ciwidey region, strawberries are popular. The lowland region of Indramayu on the north coast is known for its mangoes, and the Jakarta suburb of Depok is known as the 'city of starfruit'. The mountain town of Lembang has been known as a centre of cow milk production since colonial times.
Shahar Bogor has a few famous local dishes, shu jumladan asinan Bogor (a pickled fruit dish with a hot and sour vinegar and chili sauce, sprinkled with peanuts) and soto mie Bogor (Bogor-style noodle soup). The southern region of Sianjur va Sukabumi is known for specific styles of bubur ayam (chicken rice congee). Several cities in the region have their own specific type of satay (sate), such as sate maranggi (motton or beef satay marinated with soy sauce, ginger, and coriander) in Purwakarta. Shahar Cirebon is nicknamed 'city of shrimps', and indeed well known for its seafood. However, also other local dishes are popular, such as nasi jamblang: a buffet with dishes such as tofu vegetables, liver or meat stews, potatoes, fried eggs, cooked chili, stewed fish, etc. The city of Tasikmalaya's most famous dish is nasi tutug oncom (rice mixed with fermened soy bean tailings).
Mahalliy snacks that can usually be bought both in roadside stalls and in city centre (souvenir) shops include the dodol snack in Garut (a sticky sweet made of coconut milk, jaggery, and rice flour), the galendo snack (made of coconut milk) in Ciamisva tahu Sumedang (a style of deepfried tofu) in Sumedang. Shahar Rengasdengklok is known for a special green-coloured pancake snack, serabi hijau.
Obviously, in all of the coastal regions, baliq va dengiz maxsulotlari is popular. Apart from the main port cities North Jakarta, Cilegon/Merak va Cirebon, there are busy fishing ports, markets and auctions among others in Labuan, Pelabuhan Ratuva Pangandaran.
Ichish
Tap water is not potable in Western Java, just as in the rest of Indonesia. Water or ice served in restaurants and roadside stalls is usually purified or boiled, or bottled mineral water (known as Aqua after the best-known brand). Quite a few Indonesians believe that cold drinks are unhealthy, so specify dingin when ordering if you prefer your water, bottled tea or beer cold, rather than at room temperature.
Coffee and tea
Ikkalasi ham kopi (coffee) and teh (tea) are popular in Western Java. Kofe is usually in the form of kopi tubruk, ground coffee with sugar and boiling water. You will need to let the grounds settle to the bottom of the cup before you drink it. Coffee with milk is also common, and so are instant coffee mixes (usually already mixed with sugar and milk powder). Coffee without sugar is very uncommon. So'rash kopi pahit (bitter coffee) or kopi tanpa gula (coffee without sugar), or even better use both phrases to make sure, as vendors are not used to it and may be reluctant to serve coffee without sugar because it is deemed odd. In the larger cities and shopping malls, coffeehouses such as Starbucks and local chain J.CO are plenty. Es kopi (ice coffee) is available in most venues.
While the Javanese and many other ethnic groups in Indonesia like their choy very sweet, the Sundanese population of Western Java is used to drinking tea without sugar. Order teh manis to get sweet tea, and teh tawar (plain tea) for tea without sugar. Es teh manis (sweet iced tea) is also common, also in the form of many branded flavoured iced teas. In the mountains of West Java (mainly the Parahyangan region), many food stalls offer teh tawar for free when ordering a meal.
Traditional drinks
With the influx of people from all over Indonesia to Western Java, and especially to the Greater Jakarta area, traditional drinks from all regions can easily be found. However, there are a few traditional beverages that originate from the Western Java area, mostly as part of the Sundanese kitchen.
Bandrek is a hot, sweet and spicy beverage with ginger, palm sugar, and cinnamon, with sweetened condensed milk or coconut milk. It is commonly consumed in the mountanins of Western Java, to warm up during nights or cold weather. As such, it is for example a popular drink in the mountain resort area of Puncak. In the city of Bandung it is common to add pieces of young coconut to the drink. A somewhat similar drink is bajigur, of which the main ingredients are palm sugar and coconut milk, and often vanilla. The drink is often accompanied by a fried banana snack.
Considering the tropical temperatures, cool and iced beverages are very popular as well. In Jakarta, es selendang mayang is a drink with jackfruit, pandan leaves, palm sugar, coconut milk, and ice cubes. Es bir ("ice-cold beer") is a drink from Bogor with water, clove, cinnamon, sugar and ginger, that looks like beer (yellow with white foam) but does not contain alcohol. Es doger is a drink from Bandung, consisting of sweet coconut milk-based ice in pink syrup, with tapioca pearls, avocado, and jackfruit. Fresh fruit juices are common throughout the region, but with some regions especially well-known for specific fruit plantations, also juices of those fruits are more popular there. For example, mango juice is very popular in Indramayu, and strawberry juice is common in Ciwidey. A relatively uncommon type of fruit juice is starfruit juice, that is most popular in Depok.
Kecha hayoti
In most of the villages and neighbourhoods of the region, nightlife is limited to streetside warung foodstalls and coffee shops that open late or even 24 hours, or that open only in the night. Alcohol is usually not served in such places, except in touristic areas such as the warung in the beach towns on the south coast, such as Pangandaran.
In the large cities, especially Jakarta and Bandung, there are many upscale bars and restaurants that serve alcohol, as well as various nightclubs. Bintang beer is the most popular drink. Many bars also serve imported beers and spirits, but prices are high. The most popular nightlife areas among expats and tourists include Kemang va Blok M yilda Janubiy Jakarta, va Dago area in North Bandung. The Mangga Besar va Glodok areas of G'arbiy Jakarta, among others, have a seedier type of nightlife with a fairly high number of prostitutes. Beachside cafés in the main tourist towns on Western Java's south and west coasts. Along the north coast, tourism and nightlife is more limited, with the exception of Ancol Beach in North Jakarta.
Karaoke (KTV) venues are ubiquitous in Greater Jakarta, Bogor, Bandung, and Cirebon, and can also be found in most of the other cities. Note that some karaoke bars are in fact brothels, and regular KTV venues can be recognised by being branded 'family karaoke', the most well-known chains including NAV, Inul Viztava Happy Puppy.
Uyqu
| Ushbu qo'llanmada standart uchun quyidagi narx oralig'idan foydalaniladi ikki baravar xona: | |
| Byudjet | 50000 dan kam |
| O'rta masofa | 50000-100000 rp |
| Splurge | 1.000.000 dan ortiq |
The large cities of Western Java, including Buyuk Jakarta, Bogor, Bandungva Cirebon, all have a wide range of accommodations, ranging from cheap and simple losmen to luxurious five-star hotels. Many of the large Indonesian and international hotel chains can be found in these cities. Also the touristic areas (e.g. Har qanday on the west coast, the Puncak mountain pass, the volcano and hot spring towns of Lembang, Ciaterva Garut, and the south coast beach of Pangandaran) offer a wide variety of options, such as hotels and bungalows. In smaller towns off the tourist trail, accommodation is usually limited to a few mid-range hotels aimed at domestic business travellers, and budget guesthouses.
- Byudjet: Losmen yoki penginapan are accommodations with basic facilities. This type of accommodation can be found throughout the region. In Markaziy Jakarta, a street well-known to backpackers is Jalan Jaksa, with prices from as low as Rp30,000. While some losmen have dormitory rooms, most have private rooms. Shared bathrooms are often with squat toilets and without hot water. Losmen are usually fan-cooled and have no air conditioning. In addition to losmen, the cities and most towns also have cheap hotels, of varying quality. In the largest cities, many budget chain hotels are being developed, of brands including favehotel, amaris, va byudjet. Note that many mid-range hotels offer large discounts outside peak seasons, so they may be an equally cheap and more comfortable alternative to losmen or budget hotels.
- O'rta masofa hotels are easily found in all parts of Greater Jakarta as well as all other larger cities and along major roads. Many hotels are independent, but in the large cities and increasingly also in smaller cities, chain hotels are being developed. Hotels of various well-known international brands, such as ibis va Novotel, are plenty in Greater Jakarta, Bogor, and Bandung. In tourist areas along the west and south coasts, as well as in the mountains of Puncak and Lembang, in addition to mid-range hotels also similarly-priced bungalows and villas are available.
- Splurge: Five-star hotels can mainly be found in Markaziy Jakarta, Biroq shu bilan birga Janubiy Jakarta, Bogor, and Bandung have their fair shares. Anyer on the west coast has several luxurious beach resort hotels, and Puncak has mountain resort hotels.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
Weather and natural disasters
Lar bor faol vulqonlar throughout Western Java. The most recent explosive eruption was in 2002, when Mount Papandayan near Garut erupted. However, many volcanoes show various levels of activity and may erupt at any time. The National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) monitors volcanic activity and issues warnings in case of heightened activity. Follow instructions, evacuation orders, and volcano access road closures issued by local authorities at all time.
In the event of zilzilalar, hide under sturdy objects if indoors or run outside if near the door, and stay away from tall objects if outdoors. Any earthquake bigger than a 6.5 magnitude that lasts a long time usually triggers a tsunami warning (usually by siren or loudspeaker). Even if you don't hear a warning, if you feel a persistent and violent shaking, get away from the coast and seek higher land immediately. Western Java's west and south coast are most prone to tsunamis, and evacuation routes and shelters are clearly marked (usually in both Indonesian and English).
Western Java is prone to heavy rain with thunderstorms and (sometimes swirling) winds, especially during the rainy season, which is at its height from December to February. Landslides occur in mountain slopes or cliffs, and flooding can be serious, also in Jakarta. While there are rarely weather reports in any form of media, it's a good idea to pack an umbrella if it is said to rain or be vigilant for any signs of incoming storm, such as dark, towering and puffy clouds. In heavy rain when there is an accumulation of volcanic ash in recently erupted volcanoes, it can result in lahar dingin (a very dangerous of slurry with stones and boulders).
Traffic safety
Traffic is highly congested and very chaotic in most of Western Java, especially in the Greater Jakarta area, in Bandung, and along major thoroughfares. Traffic discipline is poor. It is not adviseable to drive your own vehicle when you have no experience with driving in Indonesia's urban areas. When involved in an accident, other involved persons or bystanders (or even police officers, see Corruption below) may ask for compensation, irrespective whether this is justified or not.
Road conditions in remote areas may be poor. The main highways as well as roads in urban areas are generally of acceptable quality, but potholes are common especially during or just after the rainy season. Major flooding and landslides may make roads impassible.
Jinoyat
While robbery, theft and talonchilik are common especially in crowded places, such as on public transport and in markets (and especially in Jakarta), travellers are not very likely to become involved in violent crime. Avoid flashing large sums of money or expensive items. Beware of thieves on public transport, and keep your doors locked at all times when travelling by car. For taxis, make sure to book or hail a taxi from a reputable company (as mentioned above in the Atrofga boring section), especially at night. Unlicensed taxis are often in poor conditions, and drivers are known to extort or rob passengers.
Corruption
Western Java is, just as the rest of Indonesia, notorious for corruption. Officials, including police officers, may ask for bribes. In case of minor traffic violations, police officers often demand a 'fine' (bribe) to be paid on the spot. Generally, being polite, smiling, asking for an official receipt, and/or pretending that you don't understand the request, may avoid more problems.
Keyingisi
- Yogyakarta — centre of arts, near the Borobudur and Prambanan temples and Merapi volcano
- Krakatau — active volcano island in the Sunda Strait, between West Java and Sumatra
- Lampung — the nearest province across the Sunda Strait on Sumatra island