Avstraliyada haydash - Driving in Australia

Haydash Avstraliya lazzatlanadigan tajriba. Bu keng maydonlarni va ajoyib tabiiy manzaralarni boshdan kechirishning bir usuli, va faqat avtoulovda yashash mumkin bo'lgan juda ko'p joylar mavjud. Yo'lga chiqishdan oldin avstraliyalik haydash tajribasiga yaxshi tayyor ekanligingizga ishonch hosil qilishingiz kerak.

Tushuning

Boshqa aholisi kam bo'lgan boshqa mamlakatlar singari, Avstraliyada ham avtomobillarga egalik darajasi juda yuqori va avstraliyaliklarning aksariyati o'zlarining avtomobillariga ega. Jamoat transporti, albatta, yirik shaharlarni, xususan Sidney, Melburn, Brisben va Pert shaharlarini aylanib o'tish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, shahar markazidan chiqib, shahar atrofiga borganingizdan so'ng chastotalar keskin pasayadi, shuning uchun o'zingizni haydash umuman tejashga yordam beradi. siz jamoat transportida uzoq kutasiz. Kichik shaharlarda va qishloqlarda jamoat transporti juda kam uchraydi yoki umuman yo'q, shuning uchun avtomobil umuman aylanib o'tish uchun kerak bo'ladi.

Avstraliyada qonun bo'yicha barcha yo'l o'lchovlari metrikada. Masofalar metr va kilometrlarda, tezlik soatiga kilometrlarda.

Buyuk Britaniyaning mustamlakachilik merosi natijasida avstraliyaliklar yo'lning chap tomonida o'ng avtomashinalarda harakatlanadilar. Avstraliyalik avtoulovlarning 70% atrofida avtomat uzatmalar qutisi mavjud. Avtoulovni qo'lda uzatishni (stik-smenali) yollashda odatda eng arzon kichik mashinalar uchun imkoniyat sifatida taqdim etiladi. Manuel uzatmalar qutisidagi tishli tayoq chap qo'l bilan boshqariladi. Pedallarning joylashishi butun dunyoda standartdir. Ko'pgina avtoulovlarda indikator (burilish-signal) dastasi rulning o'ng tomonida, old shisha silecek dastasi esa rulning chap tomonida bo'ladi. (Evropaning VW kabi mashinalarida aksincha bor).

Haydash sharoitlari har xil. Aksariyat avstraliyaliklar sharqiy va janubi-sharqiy sohillarda yoki ularga yaqin joyda yashaydilar. Ushbu hududlardagi shaharlar va shaharchalar orasidagi va ularning orasidagi yo'llar muhrlangan (asfaltlangan) va yaxshi saqlanib qolgan, shuningdek, shtat va hududlarni poytaxt shaharlari bilan birlashtiradigan asosiy avtomagistrallar. Odatda katta avtomagistrallarda yaxshi belgilangan dam olish joylari ko'p, ammo ular odatda juda oddiy va har doim ham dush vositalari mavjud emas. Odatda tun bo'yi dam olish joylarida uxlashga ruxsat beriladi.

Chekka hududlarda ("nomi bilan tanilganOutback") avtoulovchilar yonilg'i quyish, suv olish, ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish yoki hojatxonadan foydalanish imkoniyatisiz shaharlar yoki yo'l uylari o'rtasida yuzlab kilometr masofani bosib o'tishlari mumkin. Ushbu hududlarda, hattoki katta magistral yo'llarda ham sayohatingizni rejalashtirishingiz kerak, yoqilg'i va oziq-ovqat to'xtash joylari Katta shaharlararo avtomagistrallardan tashqarida, yo'llarning holati chekka hududlarda qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'pgina yo'llar muhrlanmagan (shag'al yoki qumli) va ko'pincha yaxshi saqlanmaydi. Ba'zilari faqat to'rt g'ildirakli haydovchilar uchun mos bo'lishi mumkin, ba'zilari (shu jumladan katta muhrlangan avtomagistrallar) ma'lum mavsumlarda yoki ob-havo sharoitida umuman o'tib ketmasligi mumkin.

Avtoulovchilar uzoq tumanlarda katta magistral yo'llardan chiqib ketayotganda o'zini o'zi ta'minlashi va favqulodda vaziyatlarga tayyor bo'lishi va yirik shaharlardan tashqarida mobil (uyali) telefon aloqasi deyarli mavjud bo'lmasligini bilishi kerak. Sun'iy yo'ldosh telefoni eng chekka, engil odam savdosi bo'lgan hududlarga foydali va ehtimol hayotni tejaydigan sarmoya bo'lishi mumkin. Ayrim chekka joylarda joylashgan mahalliy aholi punktlari bo'ylab sayohat qilish uchun ruxsatnomalar (odatda bepul) talab qilinishi mumkin.

Avtomobil sotib olasizmi yoki ijaraga olasizmi?

Juda qo'pol qoidalar quyidagilar bo'lishi mumkin:

• 3 haftadan kam vaqt: Avtomobil ijaraga oling.
• 3 oydan yuqori: Sotib olish uchun eng arzon narx.

Avtomobil sotib olish va avtomobillarni sotib olish

Avtoulov atrofida avtoulovlarga sayohat qilishni istagan ryukzakchilar uchun avtoulovlar va lagerlarda ikkinchi darajali bozor mavjud. Ushbu transport vositalari muntazam ravishda Gumtree va Facebook Marketplace orqali sotib olinadi va sotiladi. Odamlar joylashgan joylarda narxlar odatda arzonroq bo'lishiga e'tibor bering oxiri ularning sayohatlari, masalan Keyns yoki Darvin. Avtomobil sotib olayotganda ehtiyotkorlik bilan ehtiyot bo'ling. To'liq mexanik tekshiruv ro'yxati, litsenziyalash, ro'yxatdan o'tkazish va sug'urtalashning muhimligini eslang. Shtat davlat xizmatlaridan moliya masalalari bilan bog'liqligini va avariya natijasida ilgari hisobdan chiqarilmasligini ta'minlash uchun bepul foydalanish mumkin.

Avstraliyada avtoulov sotib olish bo'yicha maslahatlarning aksariyati har qanday joyda ko'rishingiz kerak bo'lgan choralar bilan bir xil. Biroq, Avstraliyada:

• Siz ro'yxatdan o'tishni yangilash sanasiga va u ro'yxatdan o'tgan davlatga e'tibor berishingiz kerak. Turli xil davlatlarda transport vositalarini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish va yangilash uchun har xil to'lovlar va talablar mavjud va davlatdan tashqarida bo'lganda ro'yxatdan o'tishni yangilash qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Siz mashinani "rezident" bo'lgan davlatingizda ro'yxatdan o'tkazishingiz kerak va bu boshqa davlatda ro'yxatdan o'tgan avtomobilni sotib olishni biroz qiyinlashtirishi mumkin. Agar siz bir yil ichida sotib olsangiz va qayta sotmoqchi bo'lsangiz, ro'yxatdan o'tishni yangilamasligingiz hayotingizni osonlashtirishi mumkin.
• Agar siz tashqi yo'l bo'ylab harakatlanayotgan bo'lsangiz, sizning modelingiz qanchalik keng tarqalgan va sodda bo'lsa, ehtiyot qismlarni ta'mirlash va olish shunchalik oson bo'ladi. Oodnadatta yo'l uyida, albatta, Toyota Landcruiser uchun shinalar bo'ladi, ammo ularda Volkswagen Passat uchun boshqa kerakli qismlar u yoqda tursin. Masofadan xizmat ko'rsatish stantsiyasiga ehtiyot qismlarni etkazib berishni kutish sizning rejalaringiz uchun bir hafta yoki undan ko'proq kechikishni anglatishi mumkin va bu mahalliy mexanik sizning o'zingizning modelingizni qanday tuzatishni bilishini taxmin qiladi.
• Siz sotib olishni rejalashtirgan mashinada pul yo'qligiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun PPSR tekshiruvini o'tkazing. Agar mavjud bo'lsa, siz ushbu qarzni avvalgi egasidan olasiz. Ushbu tekshiruv Internetda amalga oshirilishi mumkin va uning narxi atigi bir necha dollarni tashkil qiladi.

• Sayohatchilar avtoulovi
• Gumtree Avstraliyada lager avtoulovlarini sotib olish uchun backpackers qo'llanmasiga ega. Shuningdek, u shaxsiy sotish uchun va dilerlik markazlaridan keladigan transport vositalarining ro'yxatini taqdim etadi.
• PPSR (Shaxsiy mulk qimmatli qog'ozlari reestri), Avstraliya hukumati xizmati, sizga mashinada pul bor-yo'qligini, hisobdan chiqarilganligi va / yoki o'g'irlanganligi to'g'risida xabar berilganligini aytib bera oladi. Odatda Dvigatel qismida joylashgan Avtotransport identifikatsiya raqami (VIN) ga qarshi ishlaydi. Uchinchi tomon xizmatlaridan xabardor bo'ling, chunki ular tez-tez bir xil ma'lumotni yuqori haq evaziga taqdim etishadi.
• Redbook Avstraliyaning avtomobil narxlari bo'yicha vakolatxonasidir. Har qanday transport vositasining bozor narxini bilib oling.
• Cruisin turar joy sotuvi Avstraliyada ishlatilgan avtoulovlar va karvonlar sotuvchisi

Avstraliyada ijaraga berish

Shuningdek qarang: Avtomobilni ijaraga olish

• Katta shaharlardan tashqarida, odatda qo'shimcha to'lovni to'lashdan oldin kunlik sayohat cheklovlari mavjud. Ko'pincha kuniga 100 km yoki 200 km.
• Odatda avtomobil paromlarini, xususan, Tasmaniya Ruhini tutish taqiqlanadi.
• G'arbiy Avstraliyaga va / yoki Shimoliy hududga haydash yoki undan chiqib ketish taqiqlanishi mumkin. Tuproqda yoki shag'alda haydash, tunda yoki chekka hududlarga haydash cheklanishi mumkin.
• Shom va tong o'rtasida haydash shahar tashqarisidagi yo'llarda sug'urtangizni bekor qilishi mumkin.
• Ba'zi ijaraga beruvchi avtoulovlar sizdan a bepul sayyohlarni boshqarish qoidalari viktorinasi transport vositasini olib ketishdan oldin yoki rulda sizning bilimingizni tekshirish uchun qisqa yo'lda sizga hamroh bo'ladi.
• Ijaraga oluvchi kompaniyalar sizni Tovomba, Brisben, Sidney yoki Melburnga pullik yo'l chiptalarini sotib olish bilan qo'rqitishga urinishlari mumkin. Pullik yo'llar sayohatchilar uchun keraksiz va yaxshi belgi qo'yilganligi sababli ulardan qochish oson.

Kampervanlar va avtoulovlar

Lagerni yollash Avstraliyani ko'rishning arzon usuli bo'ladi deb o'ylamang. Yoqilg'i narxi juda farq qiladi: tashqi Avstraliyada yoqilg'i narxi shaharlarga qaraganda ancha yuqori. Ish haqi va hokazolarning narxini qo'shib qo'ying, va yotoqxonalarda qolish ko'pincha arzonroq va qulayroq variant bo'ladi - ammo o'zingizning to'rtta g'ildirakingiz bo'lishi erkinligi buni qoplashi mumkin.

Sayohat davriga qarab narxlar keskin o'zgarishi mumkin. Masalan, Rojdestvo va yangi yil arafasida arzon campervan ijarasini topishni kutmang. Yetkazib beruvchilar narxlarni mavjudligiga qarab belgilaydilar. Parvoz chiptalari singari, oldindan bron qilish har doim ham arzonroq.

Kruizin avtoulovlari va Britz kampervan bozorining yuqori qismida ishlashga moyil, bozorning pastki qismida esa keskin raqobat mavjud: katta operatorlarga quyidagilar kiradi: Maui, Jucy ijarasi, Xippi kamperi, Motorhome Republic , GoCheap Campervans va Kosmik kemalar.

Campervanlar jihoz va sifat jihatidan juda xilma-xil bo'lib, ba'zilarida dush, hojatxona, oshxona va boshqa narsalar mavjud, boshqalari esa orqa tarafdagi matraslardan boshqa narsalarga ega emas. Odatda ular transport vositasining o'lchamiga qarab 2-6 sayohatchiga mos keladi. Ni tekshiring qo'shimcha juda ehtiyotkorlik bilan zaryadlang va kamroq sifatli transport vositasi uchun bir xil yoki ko'proq pul to'lamasligingizga ishonch hosil qiling.

Yo'l harakati qoidalari va xavfsizlik

Haydashni davlat hukumati idoralari tartibga soladi, ammo juda barqaror to'plam mavjud Avstraliya bo'ylab yo'l belgilari va yo'l harakati qoidalari. Har bir davlatda yo'l harakati qoidalari biroz farq qiladi, ammo bu farqlar, aksariyat hollarda, juda ozdir.

Litsenziyalar

Avstraliyadagi haydovchilar amaldagi haydovchilik guvohnomasini talab qilishadi. Ingliz tilidagi chet el litsenziyalari uch oy davomida tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun Avstraliyada haydash uchun amal qiladi. Agar litsenziyangiz ingliz tilida bo'lmasa, an Xalqaro haydovchilik guvohnomasi Avstraliyada kelishidan oldin sizning mamlakatingizda chiqarilgan talab qilinadi.

Avstraliya litsenziyalari tegishli shtat va hudud hukumatlari tomonidan beriladi va litsenziyalash to'g'risidagi qonunlar har bir shtatda farq qiladi. Uch oydan ko'proq vaqt bo'lgan chet elliklar o'zlarining chet el litsenziyalarini o'zlari yashaydigan shtatidan Avstraliyadagi litsenziyaga aylantirishlari mumkin. Litsenziyalari bo'lgan chet elliklar Avstriya, Belgiya, Kanada, Xorvatiya, Daniya, Finlyandiya, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Gretsiya, Gernsi, Irlandiya, Men oroli, Italiya, Yaponiya, Jersi, Lyuksemburg, Maltada, Gollandiya, Yangi Zelandiya, Norvegiya, Papua-Yangi Gvineya, Portugaliya, Singapur, Ispaniya, Shvetsiya, Shveytsariya, Birlashgan Qirollik va Qo'shma Shtatlar ma'muriy to'lovni to'laganidan keyin chet el litsenziyalarini avstraliyalikka o'zgartirishi mumkin. Boshqa barcha chet el litsenziyalari egalari Avstraliya litsenziyasini olishdan oldin nazariya va amaliy sinovlarga qatnashishlari shart.

Avstraliya qonunchiligi har doim haydash paytida litsenziyangizni o'zingiz bilan olib yurishingizni talab qiladi. Litsenziyangizni olib o'tirmasdan haydab ketayotganingizda ushlanganda jarimalar qo'llaniladi.

O'rindiq kamarlari

Xavfsizlik kamarlaridan foydalanish haydovchilar va barcha yo'lovchilar uchun majburiydir va chaqaloqlar tasdiqlangan xavfsizlik kapsulalari va jabduqlar bilan ta'minlanishi kerak. Xavfsizlik kamarlaridan foydalanish to'g'risidagi qonunlar qat'iyan bajariladi va barcha yo'lovchilarni bog'lab qo'yishlarini ta'minlash haydovchiga yuklanadi. Jarimalar haydovchi transport vositasi va litsenziyaning to'xtatilishiga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan nuqsonli punktlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Xavfsiz haydovchi va / yoki yo'lovchiga taxminan 330 dollar miqdorida jarima qo'llaniladi, shuning uchun xavfsizlik kamarlarisiz odamlar to'la mashina tezda qo'shilishi mumkin.

Spirtli ichimliklar yoki giyohvand moddalar ta'sirida transport vositasini boshqarish

Qonda spirtli ichimliklar chegarasi butun Avstraliya bo'ylab 0,05% ni tashkil qiladi. Haydash paytida o'quvchilar va vaqtinchalik haydovchilar tizimida spirtli ichimliklar bo'lishiga yo'l qo'yilmaydi.

Umumiy ko'rsatma sifatida: Ko'pchilik erkaklar uchun 0,05% chegarasida qolish uchun birinchi soat davomida 2 ta standart ichimliklar, so'ngra har soatda 1 ta ichimliklar mavjud. Ko'pgina ayollar uchun bu birinchi soat davomida 1 ta standart ichimlik, keyin esa har soatda 0,05% miqdorida qolish uchun 1 ta ichimlik.

Politsiya shaharlarda ham, mamlakatda ham asosiy yo'nalishlarda va orqa ko'chalarda tasodifiy nafas olish sinovlarini o'tkazadi. Haydovchining haydovchisi shubhali tarzda harakatlanishi yoki transport vositasini boshqarish qoidalarini buzganligi sababli politsiya tomonidan tasodifiy nafas olish sinovi uchun to'xtatilishi shart emas. Dori-darmonlarni tasodifiy tekshirish, shuningdek, og'ziga paxta terish yordamida o'tkaziladi.

Agar siz spirtli ichimlik boshqargan holda ushlangan bo'lsangiz, sud oldida chiqish qilishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Birinchi jinoyat uchun, agar jazoni og'irlashtiradigan holatlar bo'lmasa, odatda jarima va to'xtatib turish muddati belgilanadi. Nafas olish testini rad etish ham huquqbuzarlik hisoblanadi va rad etish uchun jazo ichimlikni haydashga qaraganda yuqori.

Baxtsiz hodisalar

Shikastlanish yoki o'lim bilan bog'liq bo'lgan baxtsiz hodisa sodir bo'lgan taqdirda, politsiya va tegishli favqulodda vaziyatlarni boshqarish organlari bilan bog'lanish kerak. Avstraliyaning shoshilinch raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qiling 000. Favqulodda vaziyat raqami 112 ham ishlaydi har qanday mobil telefon, hatto tarmoqqa ulanmagan bo'lsa ham. Boshqa mamlakatlarning favqulodda raqamlari (masalan, 911) Avstraliyada ishlamaydi.

Unda ishtirok etgan har qanday transport vositasining haydovchisi har qanday baxtsiz hodisa, qanchalik kichik bo'lmasin, qonuniydir talab qilinadi to'xtatish va yordam ko'rsatish. Baxtsiz hodisa joyini tark etish uchun jazolar og'ir bo'lishi mumkin (10 yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum qilish), hatto sizning aybingiz bo'lmasa ham. Kichik baxtsiz hodisalar (avstraliyalik jargonda "bingle" deb nomlanadi) sug'urta orqali hal qilinishi mumkin, ammo katta miqdordagi moddiy zarar yoki jarohatlar bo'lsa, favqulodda vaziyatlar xizmatiga murojaat qilish kerak.

Avstraliyada vijdonan birinchi yordam ko'rsatadigan shaxslar qonun bilan himoyalangan va ularga nisbatan qonuniy choralar ko'rish xavfi mavjud emas. Agar voqea sodir bo'lgan joyda yordam bera olsangiz, doim shunday qiling.

Agar sizning transport vositangiz yo'lni to'sib qo'ygan bo'lsa yoki buzilib ketgan bo'lsa, yaqinlashib kelayotgan tirbandlik uchun xavfli chiroqlardan foydalanishingizga ishonch hosil qiling. Bu, ayniqsa, avtomobil yo'llari bo'ylab juda muhimdir, chunki ba'zi tezyurar poyezdlar to'liq tezlikda to'xtab turish uchun 500 metrgacha yurishlari mumkin. O'tkazib yuborilgan transport vositalarini, ayniqsa, chekka hududlarda, yordam berish uchun tebranish odatda ishlaydi.

Motor guruhlari

Har bir shtat va hududda alohida avtoulovlar guruhi mavjud bo'lib, ular yo'l bo'yida buzilish holatlarida yordamni, shuningdek, keng ko'lamli xaritalarni, sayyohlik ko'rsatmalarini va ularning ko'plab filiallaridan foydali avtoulov maslahatlarini taqdim etadi. Yo'l bo'yida yordam olish uchun siz ushbu uyushmalardan biriga yillik a'zolikni sotib olishingiz kerak, ammo bu yordam chaqiruvida (qo'shimcha haq evaziga) amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Har bir shtat birlashmasi boshqalar bilan o'zaro kelishuvlarga ega, shuning uchun bitta a'zolik butun Avstraliya uchun amalga oshiriladi. Agar siz o'zingizning mamlakatingizda mahalliy avtoulovlar guruhining a'zosi bo'lsangiz, siz Avstraliyadagi turli xil avtoulov guruhlaridan xaritalar kabi bepul o'zaro yordamga ega bo'lishingiz mumkin. Ketishdan oldin mahalliy avtoulovlar guruhini tekshiring.

• Yangi Janubiy Uels va Avstraliyaning poytaxt hududi: Milliy yo'llar va avtoulovchilar uyushmasi (NRMA)
• Viktoriya: Viktoriya qirollik avtoulov klubi (RACV)
• Kvinslend: Kvinslendning Qirollik avtomobil klubi (RACQ)
• Janubiy Avstraliya: Qirol avtomobilsozlik assotsiatsiyasi (RAA)
• G'arbiy Avstraliya: G'arbiy Avstraliyaning Royal Automobile Club (RAC)
• Tasmaniya: Tasmaniya Qirollik avtomobil klubi (RACT)
• Shimoliy hudud: Shimoliy hudud avtomobil assotsiatsiyasi (AANT)

Chekka hududlarda foydali yordamni ta'minlash uchun odatda yuqori to'lov bilan boshqa darajadagi qamrov talab qilinadi. Ushbu guruhlarning barchasi Avstraliya avtomobil assotsiatsiyasi, Yangi Zelandiya avtomobilsozlik assotsiatsiyasi (NZAA), Kanada avtomobilsozlik assotsiatsiyasi (CAA) va Amerika avtomobilsozlik assotsiatsiyasi kabi xorijiy avtoulovlar guruhlari bilan o'zaro kelishuvlarga ega va agar siz o'zingizning uyingizdagi avtoulovlar guruhining a'zosi bo'lsangiz, ba'zi o'zaro qamrov mavjud bo'lishi mumkin. mamlakat.

Majburiy ijro

Viktoriyada mobil tezlik kamerasi. Amaldagi avtomashinalar umuman belgilanmagan va transport vositasi tezlik kamerasi orqasida kelayotgani belgisi yo'q.

Tezlik kameralari Avstraliyaning barcha shtatlari va hududlarida qo'llaniladi, ba'zi shtatlar yashirin kameralardan foydalanadi, boshqalari juda ko'rinadigan kameralarni afzal ko'radi. Amalga oshirish har bir shtatda bir-biridan farq qilsa-da, tezlikni cheklash umuman Avstraliyada qat'iyan amal qiladi va hatto tezlik chegarasidan bir oz yuqoriroq yurish sizga chipta va katta miqdorda jarima solishi mumkin. Tezlikni cheklash uchun eng qat'iy joy Viktoriya, belgisiz avtomashinalarda yashiringan mobil tezkor kameralar bilan, shuningdek, avtomagistral belgilarining orqasida yashirin sobit kameralar bilan. Viktoriya shtatidagi rasmiy bag'rikenglik soatiga atigi ikki kilometr tezlik chegarasidan oshib ketgan. Politsiya tezkor tuzoqlari va harakatlanuvchi patrul xizmatlari ham tezlikni belgilangan me'yordan oshib ketganligi uchun muntazam ravishda avtoulovlarni olib ketishadi. Boshqa shtatlarda tezlik chegarasini 10 km / soat yoki undan kam oshirib yuborish, odatda sizga 200 dollar atrofida jarima solinishi to'g'risida xabarnoma yuborishga olib keladi (va Avstraliya litsenziyasida haydashda kamchiliklar). Tezlikni 30 km / s dan oshib ketish sudning paydo bo'lishiga va jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Qizil chiroq va birlashtirilgan qizil chiroq / tezlik kameralari ko'plab shahar chorrahalarida ham ishlaydi va shunga o'xshash jarima ham bo'ladi.

Huquqni muhofaza qilish odatda shtat politsiyasi tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. Agar militsiya transport vositasi yonib-o'chib turgan chiroqlar bilan orqangizdan yugurayotganini ko'rsangiz, xavfsiz bo'lgan zahoti orqangizdan o'tishingiz va to'xtashingiz kerak. Shunda politsiya xodimi odatda sizning haydash paytida qonunchilikka binoan litsenziyangizni so'raydi. Agar siz fotosuratni identifikatsiyalashning biron bir shaklini taqdim qilmasangiz, politsiya sizning shaxsingizni aniqlay olmaguncha sizni hibsga olishga haqlidir. Ichki ishlar idoralari xodimlari spirtli ichimliklarni nafas olish testi va / yoki giyohvand moddalar uchun testdan o'tishingizni talab qilishi mumkin, va ushbu testlardan birortasini rad etish jinoiy javobgarlikka sabab bo'ladi va u bilan qamoq jazosi tayinlanishi mumkin.

Nozik bildirishnomalar har doim chet el manzillariga yuboriladi. Ijara avtoulovlari bilan shug'ullanadigan kompaniyalar jarimaga tortilgan taqdirda katta miqdorda "ma'muriy to'lov" ni olishadi va sizning ismingizni qarzlarni undirish idoralariga etkazishadi. Sizning jarimangiz odatda Avstraliyadan tashqarida amalga oshirilmaydi, ammo kelajakda Avstraliyada haydashni istasangiz, buning oqibatlarini o'ylab ko'rishingiz kerak. Korporatsiyalarga berilgan jarimalar (masalan, ijaraga beriladigan avtoulovlar shirkati) jismoniy shaxslarga solinadigan jarimadan besh baravar ko'p bo'lishi mumkin. Agar siz ijara kartalari kompaniyasiga murojaat qilgan ijaraga olgan avtomobil kompaniyasi orqali jarima olsangiz, o'zingizni shaxs sifatida tanishtirish uchun veb-saytga kirishdan oldin uni to'lamang. Jarima sezilarli darajada kamayadi.

Favqulodda vaziyatlar uchun transport vositalari

Ko'pgina boshqa G'arb mamlakatlari singari, favqulodda vaziyatlar avtoulovlari miltillovchi chiroqlari va / yoki sirenalari yonib turganda, boshqa transport vositalaridan ustun turadi. Siz chap tomonga o'tishingiz va duch keladigan har qanday transport vositalariga yo'l qo'yishingiz kutilmoqda. Bunday qilmaslik - bu katta miqdordagi jarimalar va yo'qotish nuqtalari bilan jazolanadigan jinoyat.

Favqulodda vaziyatlar avtoulovlari chiroqlari yonib turgan yo'l chetidan o'tayotganda siz tezlikni pasaytirasiz. Janubiy Avstraliyada 25 km / soat, Viktoriya kabi ba'zi boshqa shtatlarda 40 km / soat.

Shahar haydash

Avstraliyaning yirik shaharlarida tirbandlik bo'lishi mumkin. Har qanday joyda bo'lgani kabi, har bir kishi ish joyiga borishga yoki qaytib ketishga harakat qilayotgan yoki avtoulov yo'llarida uzoq dam olish kunlari (bank ta'tilining oxiri) avtoulovlarda Markaziy Biznes Tumanida (CBD) yoki uning atrofida haydashdan qochish foydali bo'ladi. shahar tashqarisiga chiqish. Shaharlari Sidney, Melburn, Brisben va Pert juda ishonchli jamoat transporti tarmoqlariga ega, shuning uchun ko'plab odamlar temir yo'l stantsiyasida to'xtashni va buning o'rniga CBDga poezdda borishni afzal ko'rishadi.

Marshrutlar

M1 Tinch okeani avtomagistrali, Sidneyning shimolida

Shaharlari Sidney, Melburn, Brisben, Pert, Kanberra va Xobart shahar atrofidan shahar markaziga tez haydashga imkon beradigan shahar avtoyo'llarining nisbatan yaxshi tarmog'i bilan qoplanadi (ba'zi hududlarda avtomobil yo'llari yoki tezyurar yo'llar deb ham atash mumkin). Adelaida va Taunsvill shahar markaziga boradigan avtoyo'llar yo'q va mavjud bo'lgan magistral yo'llar faqat shahar atrofi va yaqin atrofdagi qishloqlarga xizmat qiladi.

Melburn tramvaylari

Melburnning CBD va shahar atrofi uchun xavfli bo'lgan tramvaylar (tramvaylar). Melburn keng tramvay tarmog'i bilan mashhur. Tramvay bilan bog'liq ba'zi qoidalar mavjud:

Sariq chiziqning uzilishi tramvay yo'lida avtoulovlarga ruxsat berilishini anglatadi. Tramvay yo'lagi yonidagi qattiq sariq chiziq avtoulovlarning tramvay yo'lida harakatlanishiga yo'l qo'yilmasligini ko'rsatadi. Yuqorida avtoulovlarning ushbu qatorda harakatlanishiga ruxsat berilmagan vaqtni ko'rsatadigan belgi bo'lishi mumkin (masalan, avj pallalarida). Agar hech qanday belgi bo'lmasa, u holda istalgan vaqtda avtoulovlarning yo'llarda yurishiga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. Yo'llarda faqat tramvay zonalari deyiladi Fairways.

Tramvay yo'lovchilari yo'lni kesib o'tishda tramvayga kirish yoki chiqish vaqtida yo'l huquqiga ega. Tramvay to'siqlari va aniq "xavfsizlik zonasi" belgisi bilan o'ralgan to'xtash joyida to'xtatilmasa, uning xavfli chiroqlari yonib-o'chib turganda va / yoki tramvay eshiklari ochiq bo'lsa, siz uning orqasida to'xtashingiz kerak.

Melburn CBD-ning ba'zi chorrahalarida siz a-ni bajarishingiz mumkin kanca burish (o'ngga burilish uchun chapga torting) yo'lning markazidagi tramvay yo'llarini to'sib qo'ymaslik uchun. Tramvay elektr uzatish liniyalariga chorrahada ilgak burish zarurligini ko'rsatuvchi belgilar osib qo'yilgan. Boshqa chorrahalarda ilgakni burilishga urinmang.

1. Chap qatordagi chorrahaga yaqinlashing va o'ngga buriling.
2. Yashil chiroq yonib, chorrahaga iloji boricha chap tomonga o'ting (piyodalar o'tish joyidan saqlaning). Ko'chaning qizil chirog'ida (o'ng tomonga burilishni istagan ko'chada) kutib turgan tirbandlikka perpendikulyar bo'lguncha oldinga qarab harakatlaning.
3. Ko'chaning narigi tomonidagi svetoforlarga e'tibor bering. Yashil rangga aylangandan so'ng, siz o'ng tomonga burilib, odatdagidek davom etasiz. Siz ilgari perpendikulyar bo'lgan trafik sizning navbatingizni tugatgandan so'ng kuzatiladi.

Tezlik chegaralari va maktab zonalari

Tezlik chegaralari belgilangan vaqt oralig'ida belgilanadi va tez-tez o'zgarib turishi mumkin. Belgilangan tezlik bo'lmagan shahar hududlarida standart 50 km / s tezlik chegarasi qo'llaniladi. Maktab zonalari Janubiy Avstraliyada soatiga 25 km / soat tezlikni va boshqa soatlarda 40 km / soat tezlikni cheklaydi va ular aniq belgilanadi; odatda miltillovchi elektron o'zgaruvchan tezlikni cheklash belgilari bilan. Ba'zi shtatlarda asosiy avtomagistrallarda maktab zonalari 30 km / soat, 60 km / soat yoki 80 km / soat tezlikda belgilanishi mumkin. Yangi Janubiy Uelsda maktab avtobuslarida bolalarni olib ketayotganda yoki tushirganda miltillovchi chiroqlar yonib turadi. Bu haydovchilarni tezlikni pasaytirishi haqida ogohlantirish uchun; ammo Qo'shma Shtatlardan farqli o'laroq, siz to'liq to'xtashingiz shart emas. Chiroqlari yonib turgan Yangi Janubiy Uelsdagi maktab avtobusidan o'tayotganda 40 km / s dan oshib ketish noqonuniy hisoblanadi.

Yo'l harakati signallari

Agar joylashtirilgan belgi bunga alohida ruxsat bermasa, qizil svetofordan chapga burilish noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Viktoriya shtati bundan mustasno, Avstraliyada transport signalida burilishni amalga oshirish noqonuniy hisoblanadi, agar unga aniq ruxsat beruvchi belgi bo'lmasa. Viktoriyada har qanday chorrahada signalli yoki signalizatsiz burilishga yo'l qo'yiladi, agar imo-ishora buni maxsus taqiqlamagan bo'lsa.

Kechish (o'tish)

Ketib o'tishga faqat o'ng tomonga, agar siz ko'p qatorli yo'lda harakat qilmasangiz va boshqa transport vositasini ushbu transport vositasining chap tomonidagi belgilangan qatorda xavfsiz ravishda bosib o'tishingiz mumkin bo'lmasa, ruxsat beriladi. Agar belgilangan tezlik 80 km / s dan yuqori bo'lsa, boshqa transport vositasini bosib o'tishdan tashqari, avtomashinaning yo'lda o'ng qatorda turishi noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Kuchish manevrasi tugagandan so'ng, haydovchilar xavfsiz bo'lishlari bilanoq chap chiziqqa o'tishlari kerak. Agar shunday yo'llar belgilanmagan bo'lsa, haydovchilar faqat boshqa transport vositasining o'ng tomonini bosib o'tishlari kerak, agar boshqa transport vositasi o'ng tomonga burilib yoki bunday qilish niyatida bo'lsa. O'zib ketayotganda siz hech qanday uzluksiz (uzilmagan) markaziy chiziqni, uzluksiz juft chiziqlarni yoki sizga eng yaqin er-xotin markaz chizig'i uzilmagan joylarni kesib o'tmasligingiz kerak.

Ko'pgina qishloq ikki yo'lli avtomagistralda xavfsiz o'tish uchun vaqti-vaqti bilan uchinchi qator mavjud. Sariq olmosli belgi qora o'qlar bilan qaysi yo'nalishda o'rta chiziqda o'tishda birinchi o'ringa ega ekanligini ko'rsatadi. Qarama-qarshi yakkama-yakka yo'l ham o'tib ketishda o'rta chiziqdan foydalanishi mumkin, chunki ikkala qarama-qarshi chiziq aniq va qarama-qarshi chiziqqa eng yaqin markaz chizig'i buzilgan bo'lsa.

Avstraliyaning tog'li hududlarida vaqti-vaqti bilan transport vositalarining o'tishi uchun sekinroq harakatlanadigan transport vositasi tomonidan tortilishi kerak bo'lgan yo'l chetiga boradigan joylar mavjud.

Tog'li yo'llarda va bosib o'tish imkoniyatlari kam bo'lgan boshqa yo'llarda, transport vositalarining tezroq o'tishini ta'minlash uchun to'xtab qolsangiz, bu juda minnatdor.

Avtoturargoh

Katta shaharlarda to'xtash qiyin va qimmat bo'lishi mumkin, ayniqsa, CBD va sayohlarni jalb qilish sohillari, masalan, plyajlar. Hatto kichik shaharlarda ham mashhur bozor kunlari va tadbirlarda mashinalar to'xtash joylari bo'lishi mumkin.

Tijorat avtoturargohi lot to'lovlari poytaxt shaharlari markazlarida tez-tez uchraydi va ish kunlari soatiga ishlaydi va ko'pincha dam olish kunlari yoki kechqurunlari bir tekis haq oladi. Ular CBD sohasida juda qimmatga tushishi mumkin.

Shaharlarda ko'pincha kengash faoliyat yuritadi ko'chada to'xtash joyi bu to'lanadigan to'lovni o'z ichiga oladi. Bu erda siz to'xtagan joyga mos keladigan hisoblagich yoki chiptani sotib olish uchun chipta mashinasi mavjud. Ushbu nuqtalarda siz u erda to'xtashingiz mumkin bo'lgan maksimal vaqt (tegishli to'lovni to'lash) va to'lov qaysi soatlarda ishlashini ko'rsatuvchi belgiga ega bo'ladi. Hisoblagichlarni oziqlantirish (hisoblagichga yoki chiptani sotib olish mashinasiga qaytish orqali belgilangan vaqtdan uzoqroq turish va ko'proq pul kiritish yoki boshqa chipta sotib olish) noqonuniy hisoblanadi va to'lovni to'lamaslik bilan bir xil jarimaga sabab bo'ladi.

Avtoturargoh vaqti-vaqti bilan politsiyalanadi, ba'zi joylar muntazam ravishda patrul qilinadi, boshqalari esa kamdan-kam hollarda, ammo siz hech qachon noqonuniy ravishda to'xtab qolmaysiz. Qurilgan shahar hududlarida avtoturargoh yanada qat'iy qo'llaniladi. Jarimalar 100 dollar miqdorida.

Belgilangan joylar aniq yo'llar avjiga chiqqan paytlarda to'xtashni taqiqlash. To'xtab turgan avtoulovlar tez-tez tortib olinadi, bu 100 AQSh dollari miqdorida qutqarish to'lovini qo'shadi va katta qiyinchiliklarga duch keladi.

Belgilangan joylar to'xtamaydi, turish yo'q, avtobus zonalari yoki taksilar zonalari to'xtab turish, hatto olib ketish va tushirish uchun noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Belgilangan joylar To'xtab turish taqiqlangan zonalar - bu siz olib ketishingiz mumkin, lekin siz mashinangizni tark eta olmaysiz yoki mashinangizni o'chira olmaysiz.

Agar siz bir necha blok narida to'xtab, piyoda yurishni xohlasangiz, ko'pincha ba'zi diqqatga sazovor joylar yaqinidagi turar-joy binolarida ko'chada bepul avtoulovlarni topish mumkin.

Katta poytaxtlar odatda CBD ichida yaxshi jamoat transportiga ega va bu CBD-ning to'xtab turgan joylari o'rtasida harakatlanishning muqobili.

Yo'l haqlari

Yirik shaharlardagi ba'zi avtomobil yo'llari, ko'priklar va tunnellar pullik to'lashni talab qiladi. 2013 yildan boshlab transport vositalariga o'rnatilgan transponderlar orqali bojlarni elektron yig'ish tendentsiyasining kuchayib borayotganligi sababli, endi naqd to'lovni yo'ldagi pullik to'lash joylarida to'lash mumkin emas. Bu bitta katta istisno bilan birga keladi; agar siz Milliy bog'ning ichida pullik yo'lga boradigan bo'lsangiz, naqd to'lovni afzal ko'rasiz. Agar siz bunday yo'lda transpondersiz harakatlansangiz, transport vositangizning raqamidan fotosurat olinadi va sizda raqamga qo'ng'iroq qilish yoki veb-saytga tashrif buyurib, kreditni rasmiylashtirish uchun cheklangan vaqt (yo'lga qarab 24 dan 72 soatgacha) mavjud. jarima chiqarilishidan oldin kartani to'lash (qo'shimcha ishlov berish to'lovi). Pullik yo'llar aniq ko'rsatilgan va chiqish imkoniyatlari birinchi pullik punktga yetguncha aniq belgilangan.

Pullik yo'llar shahar qatnovchilaridan foydalanish uchun qurilgan va odatda sayohatchilar uchun foydali emas. Bitta transponder (E-yorlig'i) Avstraliyaning istalgan pullik yo'lida ishlatilishi mumkin, qaysi kompaniyaning transponder chiqarganligidan va qaysi kompaniyada sayohat qilishni xohlayotganingizdan qat'iy nazar. Boshqa kompaniyaning pullik yo'lida sayohat qilish uchun qo'shimcha haq olinmaydi.

Pullik yo'llar faqat Melburn, Brisben, Sidney va Tovumba shaharlarida mavjud.

Aylanma yo'llar

Agar siz aylanma yo'lga duch kelsangiz va shunga o'xshash ularning ko'pi bo'lmagan mamlakatdan bo'lsangiz Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari, bu erda qisqa qo'llanma:

Yo'l bering. Aylanma yo'lda bo'lgan transport vositalariga yo'l bering: chorrahaga faqat aylanada sizning o'ng tarafingizdan kelayotgan mashina bilan to'qnashuv xavfi bo'lmaganda kiring. Ko'pgina aylanma yo'llarda bu sizning o'ng tarafdan kelayotgan mashinalarga, qarama-qarshi tomondan kelib, o'ng tomonga burilishga va chap tomoningizdagi avtoulovlarga aylanma yo'l bo'ylab yo'l berishingizni anglatadi.

Ko'rsating. Ikkita yo'l kichik aylanada kesib o'tganda chapdan chapga, o'ngdan o'ngga va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ketayotganingizni ko'rsatmang. Ko'proq chiqish yo'llari bo'lgan kattaroq aylanada keyingi chiqishga qadar chap tomonni ko'rsatmang.

Qatorni tanlang. Ko'p qatorli aylanada o'qlar odatda qaysi yo'nalishni tanlashni ko'rsatadigan yo'lda bo'ladi. Aks holda, chap tomonga chapga, o'ngga o'ngga va ikkala qatorga to'g'ri harakatlaning. Velosipedlar chap chiziqda qolib, o'ng tomonga yurishlari mumkin, ammo agar ular buni tanlasalar, ular o'ng chiziqdan chiqayotgan transport vositalariga yo'l berishlari kerak.

Qishloqda haydash

Katta shaharlardan tashqarida, Sidney va Melburn o'rtasidagi asosiy avtomagistral, Sidney va Brisben o'rtasidagi asosiy avtomagistral, Avstraliyaning magistral yo'llari asosan ikki qatorli bo'linmagan asfalt yo'llardir. Avstraliya aholisining 15 foizidan kamrog'i mintaqaviy va qishloq joylarida yashasa, o'lim bilan bog'liq baxtsiz hodisalarning taxminan 60 foizi ushbu yo'llarda sodir bo'ladi, chunki tezlik avtoyo'lga o'xshaydi (tezlik chegaralari 100 km / soat va 130 km / soat orasida o'zgarib turadi), lekin sharoit avtomagistral / tezyurar yo'llardan ko'ra xavfliroq, chunki yaqinlashib kelayotgan tirbandlikka to'siq yoki bo'linish mavjud emas.

Ba'zi qishloq avtomagistrallarida muntazam ravishda quvib o'tish yo'llari mavjud, ammo boshqalarda siz yo'lning qarama-qarshi tomonidagi, ya'ni qarama-qarshi transport vositasi foydalanadigan yo'lga chiqib, sekinroq harakatlanishdan o'tishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Shubhasiz, bu yaqinlashib kelayotgan transport mavjud bo'lmaganda yoki yaqinlashganda amalga oshirilishi kerak. Bunga faqat sizning ko'zingiz ko'p bo'lganda harakat qilish kerak va buni imkon qadar tezroq qilish kerak. Yo'lni chap tomonga tortib hech qachon bosib o'tmang, chunki avstraliyalik haydovchilar buni yelkasi asfaltlangan bo'lsa ham kutishmaydi - bu ham noqonuniydir.

Mahalliy aholi "yo'l tugamasligi" uchun sekinroq harakatlanishni bosib o'tish uchun tezlikni cheklashi odatiy hol bo'lsa-da, aql-idrokdan foydalaning. Doing qilish sizga jarima solmaydi.

Ayrim unchalik katta bo'lmagan qishloq yo'llari va tashqi yo'llar muhrlanmagan shag'al yo'llardir. Bularni yuqori tezlikda boshqarish qiyinroq va siz uloqtirilayotgan g'alati tosh bilan kurashishingizga to'g'ri keladi. Shisha shikastlanishi odatiy emas. Ba'zi ijaraga beruvchi avtomobil kompaniyalari ruxsat bermang ularning avtomashinalari yopiq yo'llardan olib tashlanishi kerak, hatto muhrlanmagan yo'l rasmiy kichik yo'l bo'lsa ham, boshqalar ortiqcha miqdorni ko'paytiradi yoki toshning shikastlanishini qoplamaydi. Janubdagi ko'plab shag'al yo'llar yaxshi holatda va tajribali haydovchilar muhrlangan yo'llarda bo'lgani kabi tezroq harakatlanishadi. Shag'al paytida burchakdan oldin tezlikni sekinlashtirish kerak, aks holda siz burilib ketayotganda sirpanish xavfi bor. Bo'shashgan yoki siljigan shag'al ham xavf tug'diradi, chunki shinalar shag'al singari kuchini yo'qotishi mumkin rulon yoki shinalar ostida siljishlar. Agar siz shag'al ustidan nazoratni yo'qotayotganingizni sezsangiz, tezlikni pasaytiring va tormozlanishdan yoki keskin burilishdan saqlaning. Imkoniyat bo'lganda sekinlashish uchun viteslaringizni ishlating. Shimoliy tropik mintaqadagi yo'llar ko'pincha qumli, toshloq yoki gofrirovka qilingan.

Avstraliyaning ochiq yo'llarida harakatlanayotganda yo'l bo'yida o'lik hayvonlarni ko'rish mumkin. Haqiqatan ham, tez surtish yoki og'ir tormozlash juda jiddiy avariyaga olib kelishi mumkin. Sundown and sunrise are times to be on the alert through the Australian bush, as well as regions where you will encounter water sources like rivers and reservoirs, or the plains surrounding mountain ranges.

If you come across multiple tyre marks on the road, this could suggest that animals regularly use this part of the road as a crossing, so just be a little more aware, and also, using the high beam head lights at night, will make it harder for an animal to find an appropriate escape route, so practice flicking them off for animals as well as for on coming traffic.

Slow down when approaching cattle grids (trenches in the ground with metal poles across) as these may be bent, broken or deeply potholed on the approaches. Severe tyre damage or a broken spring can result from speeding over these grids. Leave gates shut or open as you have found them.

Do not enter creek or gully crossings without first checking for depth, dips and holes and finding the shallowest path. Water crossings in northern Australia (Far North Queensland, Kimberley, Top End) are often inhabited by crocodiles so it is not advisable to walk these rivers. Vehicles are washed away more easily than most people realise.

Mobile (cell) phone coverage will probably be highly intermittent even on relatively major highways unless you are near a population centre. Check the coverage of the network you are using, Telstra tends to have the best rural network coverage, so it is also more expensive than the other operators. If you can budget for it, a mobile phone car kit with an external antenna can increase your range. Again, consult the coverage charts to see where an external antenna may help. You can check the Telstra Mobile coverage maps for the roads you are travelling in advance.

Tune in to local radio during Bushfire season or just for updates on the local situation. A tone of whirring alarm is played before any emergency warnings on local and even rural commercial radio, listen out for these for advice, especially if travelling during summer, so you don't end up travelling through bushfires.

Some mountain and tableland areas of Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania are noted for having very frosty nights that may cause diesel to solidify in vehicles causing the engine to stop or run abnormally. Usually vehicles will run normally without intervention when the morning warms.

There are no bridges connecting Tasmania with the Australian mainland; the only way across the strait is by car ferry.

Fuel

Outside of major centres, do not assume that fuel will be available late at night, in the early morning, or in some cases even on a Sunday. Even on some major regional roads and national highways, roadhouses may be closed late at night. If you are planning a long drive overnight, make sure you know where and when you are going to get fuel.

Speed limits

Maximum speeds vary between states and are normally signposted.

The default open road speed limit varies between states in Australia. Those default limits should always be observed in rural and regional areas where there is no signposted speed limit shown and the area has no street lights and is away from townships or built-up areas. It is generally best to assume that the default limit is 50km/h in built-up areas, and 100km/h on the open road unless you are sure a higher limit is applicable. In the NT, if unsure, then go 60km/h in built-up areas and 110km/h in rural area.

When travelling on un-paved or gravel roads the posted limit may not be appropriate to the prevailing conditions. You should never presume the road is safe to travel at the posted speed limit; the actual safe speeds of travel on unsealed roads may vary tremendously within a short space of both time and distance due to current weather and/or road conditions. For this reason many gravel and dirt roads in Australia do not have speed limit signs posted lest they should mislead road users into believing that the posted speed is either achievable or safe. As an example of this, in Tasmania they do not normally install advisory speed signs on unsealed roads where travel speeds greater than 35 km/h can be achieved.

In the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania va Queensland the default speed limit on an open road is 100 km/h. In New South Wales the posted speed limit is normally 110 km/h on motorways (freeways/tollways) and dual carriageway in non-built up areas, high quality rural (divided) roads and (undivided) rural roads with low traffic volume mostly in the western part of the state, other parts of the state are a default maximum speed of 100 km/h unless indicated otherwise with an exception if you are west of A39. If you are west of A39, the default limit is 110km/h on two lane paved roads unless the signs indicate a slower speed limit. Otherwise, the limit west of A39 is 100km/h. In South Australia the default speed limit is 100 km/h, though many major rural roads and state highways are posted at 110 km/h. In the Northern Territory the default speed limit is 110 km/h, with speed limits of up to 130 km/h on major highways away from urban areas. In Western Australia the default speed limit for open areas is 110 km/h with a limit for freeways of 100 km/h unless zoned otherwise.

Road markings

The dividing markings on the road indicate if overtaking is legal. A broken dividing line indicates that you may move to the other side if the road to overtake if it is clear. A solid or double solid dividing line indicates that no overtaking is allowed and you may only move over to the other side to avoid an obstruction. A broken line next to a solid line means that you may move to the other side of the road to overtake if you are driving on the side of the broken line but not if you're driving on the side of the solid line.

A centre road marking is often indistinguishable from a lane dividing marking. It can be sometimes impossible to tell if you are on a two lane one-way road, or a two way road. This can be a hazard when divided roads change to single carriageway roads, and you have to remember what type of road you are on. If unsure, just keep to the left most lane.

Distances can be a problem for the unprepared

Be wary of your fuel

Australia is a very big country, and while driving is a fun and interesting way to get around, you have to remember that it is a long long way to get from point A to point B. Taking the capital cities as an example, it is easy to drive from Canberra to Sydney (3 hr), and relatively easy from Melbourne to Adelaide (8 hr), but driving from Melbourne to Sydney is a good 10 hr solid driving. If you want to drive to Perth from Melbourne, you must use the Eyre Highway and cross the Nullarbor Plain, which means driving for approximately 3,500 km, including 2,000 km on a virtually dead straight, totally flat road with only a few roadhouses, each a hundred kilometres apart. You will have to spend at least one night on the road, so book in advance. The general advice is to have a rest every two hours, with the national roadhouse slogan being "Stop, Revive, Survive". Always expect the unexpected to happen and drive to the conditions.

You should also be wary of your fuel supplies and always allow a generous reserve for unexpected contingencies. A good rule of thumb is to carry sufficient fuel to be able to turn around and return to the place you were last able to secure adequate provisions. Distances between fuel supplies can be extreme, even on main roads and national highways, and conditions can change without warning. Check that you have a map indicating fuel outlets, petrol stations (gas stations) and local fuel depots providing either petrol or diesel fuel. Outback communities do not always have fuel supplies, and if they do they may be limited. LPG (liquid petroleum gas) may be unavailable in some areas, and in remote areas it is very unlikely to be found. Some remote areas in the central and northern regions of the country use Opal fuel, a modified version of normal unleaded petrol that lacks the intoxicants sought by petrol-sniffing, once a serious issue in many remote Indigenous communities. The vast majority of cars will run just fine on Opal, but if your car happens to require premium fuel, it may see a slight decrease in performance.

There is little traffic on back roads, but what there is will consist of a fair proportion of road trains (semi-trailers towing up to three trailers). They will not necessarily be able to quickly reduce their speed, as their effective stopping distance is often far too great. Do not expect a road train to be able to take rapid evasive action to avoid your vehicle; even if you have a technical right of way, never pull out in front of a heavy vehicle. Slow down rapidly or stop without ensuring you have left a clear path for the larger and much heavier vehicle to proceed unhindered.

In years past Australian motorists travelling on outback and isolated roads had a tradition of stopping or slowing to enquire as to another motorists welfare or assist if they were in difficulties. This sort of behaviour is declining and motorists now tend to travel at much greater speeds and with much lesser regard for the plight of others. You should always ensure you have adequate skills, resources and knowledge to deal with the prevailing situation on your own. If you do experience difficulties stay with your vehicle, do not wander off or set off cross country to summon assistance.

As an example, here are the distances from one state capital to another:

Animals

Australia is the land of kangaroos, emus, wombats, feral camels, horses, rabbits and cattle. Sometimes these animals wander onto roadways. Kangaroos in particular will leap across roadways directly in front of vehicles, and are more likely to hop along the roadway than hop off it. Emus also run across roads and have no sense of how to get out of the way of a car. Off the main highways many roads run adjacent to farms that are unfenced, and stock on the road are common. Many animals caught in headlights come to a complete halt, but a short blast on the car horn may help startle them into moving off the road. Briefly switching off your headlights may also encourage them to move on. Most animal collisions occur at dusk, at dawn, or at night when some animals are more active but less visible.

Drive carefully when you spot these big animals and be ready to use your brakes. Swerving to avoid an animal can also lead to fatalities, so if the choice is between hitting the animal or potentially losing control of the vehicle, hit the animal.

Most car hire firms impose a curfew on driving after sunset in Western Australia va Northern Territory. Often a collision with an animal has a higher excess (deductible) than other collisions. Away from cities and main highways try to be at your destination before nightfall. If forced to travel at night, keep your speed down.

Many vehicles in the bush have a "bull bar", a rigid steel or aluminium frame, fitted in front of the radiator. These are to protect passengers and the vehicle in the event of a collision with an animal.If you do hit a native animal, stop if it is safe to do so. There are trained wildlife rescue groups in each state who care for injured and orphaned animals. If such an incident occurs endeavour to remove any dead or injured animal from the road if it is safe to do so and within your physical capabilities.

• NSW wildlife rescue, Bepul: 1300 094 737. WIRES 
• Victorian wildlife rescue, Bepul: 1300 094 535. 

Bushfire season

During bushfire season (December - March) tune in to ABC Local Radio while travelling through rural Australia. You can find a list of stations here, you will also see signs along your route (especially when entering towns) with radio frequencies of FM and AM stations in that area.

Fires are extremely dangerous, but easily avoidable. Never drive into fire or through fire. It can and will cover highways including wide/major ones.

During radio broadcast, a tone of "whirring alarm" will play before any emergency announcements and updates regarding any active emergencies in your area to help you listen in. Do not be alarmed: while the radio is "local", it can cover stretches as far as 500 km.

Police can and do setup roadblocks and have the right to prevent people from entering high risk zones. This will only happen if you are attempting to enter an area where fire is likely to affect within hours. Many Australians have been prevented from going back to their homes to collect belongings when the fire is actively threatening their homes.

Outback driving

Road signs at Tilpa, NSW

If you are driving in the outback, be prepared for anything. Some roads have little traffic, so there may be a substantial amount of time before anyone will pass should you break down. There are few towns and petrol stations etc, so motorists need to make sure that they carry adequate and surplus amounts of food, water and fuel. The interior of Australia is a true desert, so if your vehicle has no air conditioning, you could suffer from common day time temperatures of 45°C (113°F) and past 50°C (122°F) on really hot days. Night time temperatures can drop to freezing. Even if you are travelling on well travelled outback roads, a small diversion off the main road to see an attraction may see traffic volumes reduce significantly.

Depending upon the estimated time of travel and the remoteness of the roads, it is wise to take at least 10 litres of drinking water per person per day of travel, and an additional 3-5 days of extra drinking water per person, in case of breakdown. Do not have all of your water in one container at any time. Shade material and very thick warm blankets are also important survival tools. A box of matches or cigarette lighter should always be carried when intending to travel into isolated areas. A fire can provide warmth and can be very helpful in attracting attention if lost or stranded.

Do not expect your mobile (cell) phone to work if you are in the outback. Large areas of the country do not have service. If you're travelling to remote areas, take a satellite phone or a PLB)

Outback roads vary in quality and type. A freshly graded and wide gravel road can make for relatively easy driving. The same road several months later with rutting, corrugations and washed out creek crossings can be a nightmare for a 2-wheel-drive vehicle. The road reports will usually mention where there is rutting, corrugation, and washouts. Rutting is where the wheels of vehicles have worn away the road surface, meaning than low clearance vehicles can hit the bottom of the cars on the central raised section of the road. Corrugation is common on gravel roads that aren't freshly graded. Washouts occur when creek crossings see water flows since the road was last graded. The road surface is replaced by pebbles, sand and is uneven for the duration of the creek bed. Some outback roads are gravel and graded regularly. Others are unimproved dirt roads, where just a grader has been through, and the road base can be sand. It can be very difficult to tell the difference just by looking at a map. Some roads require a heavy duty 4wd (four-wheel-drive) vehicle for safe passage. One that is especially prepared for the trip with suitable equipment depending on the length, isolation, and roughness of the track. Advanced planning is required for such trips; you cannot just hire a passenger sedan and go. An SUV or soft road 4wd vehicle is not always suitable for roads marked as requiring a 4wd. Some outback road conditions may seriously damage anything other than a highly robust heavy duty vehicle to the extent it may become undrivable; the occupants may then be exposed to some considerable inconvenience and risk.

It is a good idea to advise a person you know and trust of your route and advise them to alert authorities if you do not contact them within a reasonable amount of time after your scheduled arrival at your destination. Carrying a Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) or satellite phone should be considered when travelling in remote areas, especially where you may not be able to make contact for several days. Police will not automatically start looking for you if you don't report in. Make sure you get one with a GPS built in. These can be borrowed from some local police stations, such as those in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales. If you want to hire one, sort it out before you leave a major city, as you won't find hire places in small towns. Expect to pay around $100 to hire for a week, or $700 to buy one. Don't expect an immediate rescue even if you trigger a PLB.

Temperatures can be extremely hot during the day, and can drop drastically once night falls. Always go to the local police station when you are going off the sealed (paved) highway, and tell them where you are going and how long you expect to take. This will help them to look for you if they get reports you are missing. Never ever leave your car when it breaks down in the middle of nowhere. In case of a long wait, it gives you shelter and it is a lot easier to spot a vehicle than a person walking in the bush. Also, a person uses about four times as much water when walking, and Australia is a dry country.

Beware of potholes and corrugations on gravel roads. Potholes are not always visible on sandy roads or those with a lot of bulldust. The road surface might seem quite even, but hidden potholes hit with sufficient speed can overturn a car. Corrugations are wavelike formations that form on a road surface when enough cars have been driven over it. At low speeds the car will be shaken to a degree that's almost unbearable. At higher speeds there is a risk of losing control of the vehicles steering and direction. In most cases, a speed of 50-60 km/h is a happy medium; not too slow and not too fast. Do not try to swerve around lizards or other small creatures as the car is likely to become very unstable with a high chance of crashing.

Dust can also be a problem on unpaved roads, and heavy vehicles travelling at high speed often leave a trail of dust and small stones behind them, severely impairing visibility in vehicles behind them. As a precaution, do not tailgate. The significantly reduced visibility in dust storms caused by vehicles in front can have deadly consequences and any stones thrown up will become high speed projectiles.

Some two-way paved roads have only one lane paved, right down the middle. When approaching another car both of you are expected to move left off the bitumen onto the dirt at the side of the road, pass, and then move back onto the black. Be wary immediately after passing, as the other car will have stirred up a huge dust cloud which will lower visibility for several seconds.

Bulldust is a fine talcum powder-like dust that is very common on outback Australian tracks. Patches of bulldust look like smooth hard patches but in fact it is usually a fine covering of dust over a deep hole. Driving through bulldust at speed is very dangerous and must be avoided. It can cause damage if sucked into engines too, so in very dusty areas you should have a filter on your air intake and check it regularly.

Pay particular attention to the weather forecasts in outback areas and be prepared to stay put for a while if the weather sets in. Unsealed outback roads, especially, can be closed with little notice in the wet, isolating communities, at any time of year. Creek crossings are very common on outback roads, with dry creek beds. These creeks rise quickly after rain and can become impassable for several days. In the rain bulldust turns into a clay, which fills your wheel rims and can bring a two-wheel drive or a motorcycle to a grinding halt. Scraping out the bulldust and a bit of a push can sometimes get you on your way again, but it can be very tough going.

Respect road closures, even if the road or track appears traffic-able. The road may have been closed due to being damaged or impassable much further down the road. If you proceed you may end up having to turn back or become stranded at a remote location. Of course if you should experience difficulties then the chances of anyone passing by and rendering assistance are somewhat reduced if the road has been closed. Just find as comfortable a place as possible and wait for the conditions to improve and for the road to re-open, or seek an alternative route if available. Roads are sometimes closed to prevent them becoming seriously damaged by vehicles transiting them when the surface is too soft or slippery after rain. Do not cause damage to a road by continuing your journey and transiting a road or track when it has been closed, especially if your vehicles wheels are leaving furrows or ruts. No one will be impressed that you made it through, rather you may attract the wrath and considerable disdain of other road users and possibly the local authorities for cutting up the road whilst it was too soft for traffic. Many roads and tracks in the outback are public thoroughfares passing over private property, parks, reserves or leasehold pastoral land; you may be asked to contribute to the costs of grading or repairing the road if you damage it due to reckless behaviour.

If you encounter a gate on a public road or thoroughfare in the outback it may have a sign on it (or nearby) advising of the roads entrance conditions and gate closure requirements. The Dingo Fence or Dog Fence is a notable example of such formal gating. This fence is one of the longest structures in the world and is the world's longest fence. It stretches 5,614 km (3,488 mi) from Jimbour on the Darling Downs near Dalby in Queensland through thousands of kilometres of inland Australia finally ending west of Eyre peninsula on cliffs of the Nullarbor Plain near Nundroo 160 km west of Ceduna and 347 km east of the South Australian-West Australian border. Any gate on this fence must be closed at all times other than when a vehicle is actually passing through the gate. Other gates range from very formal solid constructions down to humble bush gates using many different methods of closure. The rule with these gates is to always leave it as you found it. If it is open leave it open, if it is closed then you must close it again and ensure that it is done properly. Pay very careful attention when you first open the gate to ensure that you fully understand how to close it again. If you are travelling close behind another vehicle they may open the gate and then drive on, leaving you to close the gate. Pay careful attention to any such situation to ensure there is no confusion as to the status of the gate upon arrival (open or shut) and who is closing it, do not just drive off unless you can see the gate is being properly managed by others, traditionally the onus is upon the last one through to close the gate; however if you opened it you still have the ultimate responsibility to ensure that it is left as you found it including being correctly fastened. Heavy grazing stock losses or intrusion of feral animals may arise from incorrect gate management by travellers. In some cases penalties may be applied for not following correct procedures where closure is mandated.

Road trains

An Australian Road Train

Road trains are a special hazard on Australian roads. These leviathans can reach lengths of up to 55 m, with up to four trailers, so treat them with care and respect.

Oncoming road trains should be given all the space they need. On asphalt roads, you should slow down and drive partly on the road shoulder if possible.

A road train coming up behind you should often be allowed to pass as well. When they overtake you at high speeds, they will often create a "vortex" which sucks you towards them. Therefore, be alert and stay in control of the vehicle at all times. In many cases overtaking a road train is not a good idea. If you have to do it, be sure to choose a nice long stretch of straight road where you can make sure that there's no oncoming traffic for about 2 km. On gravel roads there's only one piece of advice: don't.

When behind a truck on a long stretch of road, many truck drivers will indicate to you that there is no traffic ahead and therefore safe to overtake by flicking the right indicator light on once or twice. Treat this signal with caution as sometimes there is not enough space between you and the next oncoming car. Use your common sense. If you are equipped with a CB radio, you may be able to talk to the truckie and confirm the condition of the road ahead for safe overtaking. Confirm the truck licence plate with the driver to make sure you are talking to the truck in front of you.

Staying awake

Once you are outside the metropolitan areas, traffic tends to thin out and driving becomes relatively boring. The long straight stretches, the slowly changing scenery, and the fine weather on many through routes can be a recipe for drowsiness. Make sure you stop every couple of hours and, if possible, change drivers. On some routes local service clubs provide coffee and there are billboards with road safety advice. These are there for a reason. People die on those routes from drivers falling asleep.

When you arrive in Australia allow for "jet lag". Do not leave your car heater or air-conditioner switched to "recycle" as this can make you drowsy and watch for other signs of fatigue (blurred vision, yawning). On summer evenings, you can usually leave the windows open, for the fresh air and smell of the bush.

Wet season

In the north of Australia, the period from November (sometimes even October) to March is considered the Wet Season. Many remote communities (and even some major towns on the Queensland coast) are completely isolated during the Wet, unless they have a landing strip for light aircraft. Rivers that are dry at other times of the year can overflow their banks due to extremely high rainfall.

Sometimes, bridges are washed out, or dirt roads are turned into muddy quagmires. Water levels can rise quickly from nothing to flooding. Notably, the Bruce Highway, which is the main road from Brisbane up through the Queensland coast to Cairns, is notorious for being cut for days at a time in many areas, mostly near Innisfail and Tully, which are both just south of Cairns.

Travellers intending to drive around the North should contact local authorities beforehand as they will know the most about local conditions. They will also be the poor sods called out to rescue you if you get stuck, so be polite. In Queensland, it is possible to go from Cairns to Cooktown via Mareeba or Mossman using an inland route, which is fully sealed and suitable for normal cars. If you intend to take the coastal route (starting just north of Cape Tribulation), you can't do it whenever it is raining, unless you have a serious four-wheel drive, preferably equipped with a snorkel.

If travelling around the north on unsealed (unpaved) roads, a powerful four-wheel drive vehicle is a must. Being bogged in the middle of the Outback can be fatal if one is not properly prepared.

See also

• Driving in New Zealand
• Tips for road trips

Marshrutlar

• Australia Highway 1
• Eyre Highway
• Gibb River Road
• Great Northern Highway
• Great Ocean Road
• Great Alpine Road
• Gunbarrel Highway
• Hume Highway
• New England Highway
• Oodnadatta Track
• Pacific Highway
• Stuart Highway
• Tourist Drive 30
• Tourist Drive 33
• Waterfall Way