Buyuk Britaniyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat - Rail travel in Great Britain

COVID-19 ma `lumot: Birlashgan Qirollikda qabul qilingan choralar tufayli koronavirus pandemiyasi, temir yo'l xizmatlari o'zgartirilgan jadval bilan ishlaydi yoki sig'imi kamayadi. Buyuk Britaniyada jamoat transportida bo'lganingizda tegishli yuz niqobini yoki yuzingizni yopishingiz kerak. Sayohat qilishdan oldin tekshiring: National Rail Enquiries kompaniyasining koronavirusga sayohat bo'yicha maslahati.

(Axborot oxirgi marta 21 aprel 2020 yil yangilangan)

220-sinf Voyager tezyurar dizel poezdi Qirollik chegara ko'prigini kesib o'tadi Bervik-on-Tvid dan CrossCountry xizmati bilan Angliya ga Shotlandiya.

Taxminan 34000 km (21000 milya) yo'l bilan Milliy temir yo'l yo'lovchilar tarmog'i Birlashgan Qirollik dunyodagi eng zich va eng yaxshi foydalaniladigan temir yo'l xizmatlaridan biridir. Bu zamonaviy temir yo'llarning rivojlanishiga imkon bergan bir necha muhim Britaniya ixtirolari edi, ehtimol, eng muhimi, Jeyms Vattning 1763-1775 yillarda ishlab chiqarilgan o'zaro harakatlanadigan bug 'dvigateli va Richard Trevitik tomonidan 1804 yilda qurilgan birinchi bug' lokomotivi. bug 'lokomotivlaridan foydalanish o'rtasida ishlay boshlaydi Stokton-on-Tees va Darlington 1825 yilda Angliyaning shimoli-sharqida. Bu tarmoq dunyodagi eng qadimgi degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ularning aksariyati XIX asrda ulkan qurilish inshootlarida qurilgan bo'lib, ularning aksariyati hozir ramziy ma'noga ega (masalan To'rtinchi ko'prik) va nafisligi va muhandislikning asosiy yutuqlari bilan ajralib turardi. Garchi ba'zi qismlar nisbatan Viktoriya va samarasiz bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, yangi sarmoyalar mavjud. Buyuk Britaniyaning temir yo'llari muhim rol o'ynadi Sanoat inqilobi, xomashyo, tovar va odamlarni mamlakat bo'ylab tezkor ravishda olib o'tishga imkon beradi.

Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan so'ng, Britaniya temir yo'llari xususiy avtoulovlarga egalik qilish va tijorat aviakompaniyalari paydo bo'lishi bilan keskin pasayishga tushib, ko'pincha taraqqiyotga to'sqinlik qiladigan eskirgan transport turi sifatida qaraldi. 1960-yillarning boshlarida muhandis va o'sha paytda Britaniya temir yo'llari raisi Richard Biching tomonidan berilgan tavsiyalarga binoan Britaniya hukumati ko'plab temir yo'llarni demontaj qilishga yoki voz kechishga kirishib, 1960 va 1970-yillarda Britaniyaning avtomobil yo'llari tarmog'ini rivojlantirishga intildi. Biroq, Britaniya yo'llarida tirbandlikning kuchayishi, yoqilg'i narxining oshishi va havo qatnovining tobora og'irlashtirilayotgan xavfsizlik choralari tufayli, Buyuk Britaniyaning temir yo'llari 1990-yillardan beri mashhurlik qayta tiklanib kelmoqda va zamonaviy davrda yo'lovchilar soni ularning Ikkinchi Jahon Urushigacha bo'lgan davridan oshib ketdi. darajalar - deyarli yarim barobar uzunlikdagi tarmoq orqali.

Britaniyada poezdlar sayohati juda mashhur - siz ko'plab xizmatlarni topasiz va yo'lovchilar soni doimiy ravishda o'sib bormoqda. Bu Britaniyani kashf qilishning eng tezkor, eng qulay, qulay va yoqimli usullaridan biri va shaharlararo sayohat qilishning eng yaxshi usuli. Ulanadigan yuqori tezlik 1 dan London ga Kent va Evropaning materik qismida, tarixiy bug 'poezdlarini pastoral qishloq orqali olib borishda saqlanib qolgan temir yo'llarga, zamonaviy shaharlararo xizmatlarga va shaharning hayratlanarli manzaralari. Shotlandiya, poezd Buyuk Britaniyaning taqdim etishi mumkin bo'lgan ko'p narsalarni ko'rish uchun qiziqarli va arzon usul bo'lishi mumkin. Milliy temir yo'l tarmog'i Buyuk Britaniyaning aksariyat qismini qamrab oladi Penzance yilda Kornuol ga Thurso eng shimoliy qismida Shotlandiya va shu jumladan 2600 dan ortiq stantsiyalar.

Ikki o'qli belgi butun temir yo'l stantsiyasini yoki butun Buyuk Britaniya bo'ylab temir yo'l tarmog'ini anglatadi. Bu barcha stantsiyalarda, yo'l belgilarida va xaritalarda ko'rinadi.

Temir yo'l infratuzilmasi davlatga tegishli bo'lib, xususiy kompaniyalar (odatda transmilliy transport kompaniyalari) poezdlarni hukumat tomonidan belgilangan yo'nalishlarga va xizmat ko'rsatish tartibiga yo'naltiradi. (Ushbu qo'llanmada Shimoliy Irlandiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat haqida ma'lumot yo'q. Qarang Irlandiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat.) Tizim London, Edinburg va Kardiffdagi milliy va mustaqil hukumatlar tomonidan qattiq nazoratga olinadi, ular uni qattiq subsidiyalashtiradi.

Ko'p sonli kompaniyalarga qaramay, sayohatchilar uchun tajriba juda yaxshi birlashtirilgan. Chiptalarni Buyuk Britaniyaning istalgan stantsiyasidan istalgan stantsiyasidan sotib olish mumkin, qancha uzoq bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, u erga borish uchun qancha poezd kompaniyalari yoki poezdlarni almashtirish kerak. The National Rail veb-sayti jadvallarni va sayohatni rejalashtirishni ta'minlaydi.

Tepalik paytlarida odamlarning ko'pligi kabi muammolar mavjud bo'lsa-da, poezd Britaniyani o'rganish va diqqatga sazovor joylarni aylanib chiqishning samarali va yoqimli usuli hisoblanadi. Bundan tashqari, bu shaharlararo sayohat qilishning eng yaxshi variantidir, aksariyat shaharlararo poezdlar soatiga 200 km (125 milya) tezlikda harakatlanadi va aksariyat shahar va shaharlarning stantsiyalari shahar markazida joylashgan. Mintaqaviy xizmatlar soatiga 160 km (100 milya) gacha harakatlanadi. Bu shuni anglatadiki, xizmatlar Frantsiya, Germaniya yoki Yaponiyaning yuqori tezlikda harakatlanadigan liniyalari kabi tez emas, ammo asosiy va ikkinchi darajali yo'nalishlarda xizmat ko'rsatish darajasi nisbatan yuqori.

Xususiylashtirilgan tizim ko'plab nosozliklarda ayblanmoqda va butun tarmoqni qayta milliylashtirishga qaratilgan tez-tez chaqiriqlar mavjud, ammo bugungi kunda aksariyat poezd kompaniyalari, ayniqsa, shaharlararo va magistral yo'nalishlarda yaxshi xizmatni taklif qilmoqdalar, ammo ularning aniqligi juda farq qiladi. Poezdda joyni oldindan zaxiralash majburiy emas, lekin siz tez-tez chiptalarni arzonroq narxda topasiz, oldindan bron qilsangiz - sayohat kuni stantsiyadan chipta sotib olsangiz, narxlar hayratlanarli darajada yuqori bo'lishi mumkin va ajablanarli bir necha hafta oldin bron qilsangiz past.

Mukofotlangan Milliy temir yo'l muzeyi da York Buyuk Britaniyaning temir yo'llari va ular 19-asrdan hozirgi kungacha jamiyatni qanday o'zgartirganligi, ko'plab tarixiy va rekord o'rnatgan lokomotivlar, harakatlanuvchi tarkib va ​​boshqa eksponatlar haqida hikoya qiladi. Kirish bepul.

Tuzilishi

Mulkchilik va tuzilish murakkab, ammo sayohat qilayotganda buni sezmaysiz. Yo'l, stantsiyalar va infratuzilma (saqlanib qolgan temir yo'llardan tashqari) egalik qiladi va xizmat qiladi Tarmoqli temir yo'l, hukumatga tegishli bo'lgan "dividend uchun emas" kompaniyasi.

Ishga tushadigan poezdlar hukumat tomonidan belgilanadi va poezdlarni ekspluatatsiya qiluvchi kompaniyalar tomonidan boshqariladi. Frantsiz shartnomalarida talab qilingan yo'lovchilarga xizmatlarni ko'rsatish uchun ushbu ijara yoki o'zlarining harakatlanuvchi tarkibi. Kompaniyalar ma'lum yillar davomida franchayzalarni yutib olish uchun raqobatlashadi. Ularning ishlashga davom etadigan ruxsati yoki kengaytmalarni yoki kelajakdagi franshizalarni yutib olish qobiliyati, pul uchun qiymat, ishlash va mijozlar ehtiyojini qondirish omillariga bog'liq. Jarayonda hukumat amaldorlari va transport vazirlari katta rol o'ynaydilar. Bundan tashqari, bir qator bor ochiq kirish operatorlari, franchayzingdan mustaqil va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Network Rail-dan sotib olingan uyalarda poezdlarni boshqaradi.

Rail Delivery Group barcha yo'lovchi poezdlari kompaniyalarini namoyish etadi va ularni jamoaviy ravishda bozorga chiqaradi Milliy temir yo'l. National Rail birinchi marta 1990-yillarda xususiylashtirilgan sobiq davlat temir yo'l operatori British Rail tomonidan ishlatilgan ramziy oq-qizil "ikki o'qli" logotipni meros qilib oldi (rasmga qarang). 2000-yillarning boshlari). Logotip temir yo'l stantsiyasini va yo'l belgilarida, xaritalarda, chiptalarda va boshqa joylarda keng qo'llanilgan.

Yo'lovchi tashiydigan temir yo'l kompaniyalari

Ba'zi bir poezdlarni ekspluatatsiya qiluvchi kompaniyalar ma'lum bir geografik mintaqani qamrab oladilar, boshqalari esa turli mintaqalar bo'ylab o'tadigan shaharlararo yo'nalishlarda ishlaydi. 2021 yildan boshlab Milliy temir yo'l yo'lovchilarni ekspluatatsiya qiluvchi kompaniyalar tarmog'i quyidagi kompaniyalardan iborat:

Londonning Sent-Pankras stantsiyasining me'morchiligiga qarab shoir ser Jon Betjeman haykali. Siz ham kerak! Buyuk Britaniyaning yirik stantsiyalari ko'pincha Viktoriya me'morchiligining ta'sirchan asarlari hisoblanadi.

Manchester Pikadillidagi bitta uyingizda turli xil operatorlarning poezdlari.

Tarixiy ma'lumot

1930-yillardan boshlab 'A4' sinfidagi soddalashtirilgan lokomotivlar Mallard temir yo'l sayohatining oltin davrini ramziy qildi. Mallard hozirda Nyu-Yorkdagi Milliy temir yo'l muzeyida

1825 yilda Angliyaning shimoli-sharqidagi Stokton va Darlington o'rtasida dunyodagi birinchi umumiy temir yo'l ochilib, temir yo'l qurilishi boshlandi. Britaniyadagi temir yo'llarning aksariyati foyda izlash uchun xususiy kompaniyalar tomonidan qurilgan; o'nlab kichik kompaniyalar mahalliy yo'nalishlarni boshqarib, birlashdilar va bir-birlarini egallab oldilar, chunki boshqalar bozorga kirishdi. 19-asrning o'rtalariga kelib, ular milliy temir yo'l tarmog'iga aylandi. 20-asrning 20-yillarida hukumat ularning barchasini bugungi kunda eng taniqli to'rtta yirik kompaniyalarga birlashtirish to'g'risida qaror chiqardi: Janubiy temir yo'l, London va Shimoliy-Sharqiy temir yo'l (LNER), London, Midland va Shotlandiya temir yo'llari (LMS) va Buyuk G'arbiy (GWR) ). Keyinchalik, tezlik yozuvlari, masalan, ramziy lokomotivlarning "oltin davri" bo'ldi Shotlandiyalik uchuvchi va poezdning nafis, ammo kundalik sayohat shakli sifatida tasvirlari (siz ushbu oltin asrga qaytgan zamonaviy poezd kompaniyalari nomlarini ko'rasiz). 2-jahon urushidan so'ng, infratuzilmaning aksariyati jangovar majburiyatlarni bajarishda eskirgan, bombardimon qilingan reydlar natijasida buzilgan yoki vayron qilingan, hukumat 1948 yilda barcha temir yo'llarni milliylashtirgan. Natijada paydo bo'lgan davlat temir yo'llari temir yo'llari ellik yil davomida bir muncha vaqt davomida poezdlarni boshqargan. bug 'dizel va elektr tortish bilan almashtirilganda o'zgarishlarning o'zgarishi, avtoulovning yoshi kelishi bilan chiziqlar tezligi oshganligi va hozirgi ikonik ikki o'qli logotip (istehzo bilan) "Beeching Ax" da katta miqdordagi oziqlantiruvchi va marginal chiziqlar yopilganligi "qat'iyatlilik o'qlari" deb nomlangan) temir yo'l tarmog'ini va stantsiyaning mavjudligini ramziy qildi.

1940 va 50-yillarda temir yo'l plakatlari sayohatchilarni poezdda kurortlarga borishga qiziqtirish uchun san'atdan foydalangan.

British Rail (va hozirda National Rail) ning ikki o'qli logotipi va 1960-yillarga tegishli shriftlar bu davrning dizayn klassikasi sifatida tan olingan (deyarli har qanday narsadan farqli o'laroq, British Rail) temir yo'l kompaniyalari tomonidan amalga oshirilgan dizayn va muhandislik yutuqlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Britaniyada. XIX asrda temir yo'l kompaniyalari tomonidan Londonning Sankt-Pankras, King-Kros, Paddington va Liverpul ko'chalari kabi ulug'vor stantsiyalar barpo etildi. Ushbu "temir yo'l soborlari" ularni qurgan kompaniyalar muvaffaqiyatini va ularning chiziqlari o'tadigan joylarni ramziy qildi (masalan, Sent-Pankras qurilgan Midland g'ishtlari). Viktoriya davridagi Ikkinchi ko'prik kabi ikonik ko'priklar va viyaduklar ular o'tgan hududlarni ramziy qildi. 20-30-yillarda, masalan, soddalashtirilgan lokomotivlar Mallard hozirgi paytda Buyuk Britaniyaning temir yo'l sayohatining zenitini anglatadigan zamonaviylik ramziga aylandi, 1930-1950 yillarda temir yo'l sayohat plakatlari Buyuk Britaniyani eng jozibali ko'rinishda namoyish etgan san'at uslubiga asos solgan.

1960-yillarda Beeching davrining eng past darajalariga qaramay, British Rail 1970 va 80-yillarda yangi avtoyollarga qarshi kurash olib borganida qayta tiklandi. Davlat korporatsiyasi uzoq masofali ekspress xizmatlari uchun yangi birlashtirilgan brendni ishlab chiqdi ShaharlararoLondon va Shotlandiyaning ikkita asosiy yo'nalishlarini elektrlashtirish bilan bir qatorda, yangi, yuqori texnologiyali harakatlanuvchi tarkib ham homiylik shov-shuvini kuchaytirdi, bu o'z navbatida mintaqaviy marshrutlarni yo'qotish va qolgan tarmoq liniyalarini yopilishidan himoya qildi. Biroq, pasayish va e'tiborsizlik hali ham butun tizimda aniq ko'rinib turardi, chunki u hukumat tomonidan investitsiyalar etishmasligidan aziyat chekdi. O'sha davrdagi siyosiy iqlim sharoitida davlat xizmatlarining xususiy ishlashini qo'llab-quvvatlagan holda, tarmoqni davlat boshqaruvidan xususiy sektorga o'tkazish muqarrar edi. Ushbu davr, shuningdek, harakatlanuvchi tarkibda ikkita yangi yangi o'zgarishlarni ko'rdi. Butun mamlakat bo'ylab yangi tezyurar liniyalar qurilgan Frantsiyadan farqli o'laroq, British Rail egri va ko'pincha elektrlashtirilmagan mavjud tarmoqqa moslashtirilgan yangi poyezdlar qurish maqsadga muvofiq deb hisobladi. "Tezyurar poezd" (HST) "Kengaytirilgan yo'lovchi poezdi" (APT) xizmatga kirguniga qadar to'xtash joyi sifatida mo'ljallangan edi. Biroq, ikkinchisi tishlarni tishlash bilan bog'liq muammolarga duch kelgan bo'lsa-da, uning foydasiga siyosiy konsensus yo'qligi va oxir-oqibat juda ozgina daromad xizmati ko'rilgan bo'lsa, HST shaharlararo xizmatlar sohasida 40 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida xizmat qildi va faqatgina 2019 yildan boshlab asta-sekin mintaqaviy xizmatlarga qayta ajratildi. APT tomonidan kashf etilgan faol burilish texnologiyasi shu kungacha ingliz yo'llarida harakatlanadigan Pendolino poezdlarida qo'llaniladi.

British Rail-ning 1960-yillardagi ramziy logotipi va shrifti temir yo'lning zamonaviy davrdagi qiyofasini belgilab berdi. Logotip bugungi kunda ham bekatni aniqlaydi.

1990-yillarning o'rtalarida yomon rejalashtirilgan xususiylashtirishdan so'ng, tarmoq turli xil kompaniyalar, harakatlanuvchi tarkib va ​​poezdlarni boshqaradigan o'nlab kichik kompaniyalar bilan parchalanib ketgan, ammo hukumatning og'ir aralashuvi, subsidiya va tizim nazorati ostida. Infratuzilma (masalan, treklar, signallar va stantsiyalar) 2000 yil boshlarida, 2000 yil oktyabr oyida Xetfildning halokatli avariyasi natijasida yuzaga kelgan moliyaviy tanazzuldan so'ng qayta o'zgartirildi va shu vaqtdan beri tizim yotib, samarali transport tizimiga aylandi. dolzarb masalalar, davlat / xususiy sektor aralash temir yo'lini berish. Xususiy sektorga hisoblangan foyda, ammo subsidiyalar to'langan va aniq xizmatlar hukumat tomonidan belgilab qo'yilgan. 2013 yilga kelib, yo'lovchilar narxlari har yili ko'tarilganiga qaramay, tez sur'atlarda o'sib bormoqda. Britaniyaliklar dunyodagi poezd safari uchun eng yuqori narxlar orasida to'laydilar; Masalan, Londonning tashqi chetidan bir yillik qatnov chiptasi BahnCard 100-dan qimmatroq, sayohat uchun amal qiladi. barchasi Germaniya poezdlari.

2010-yillar davomida franchayzing tizimi barqaror emasligi aniq bo'ldi: har bir franchayzing yangilanishi bilan kamroq takliflar kamroq va kamroq kompaniyalar tomonidan amalga oshirildi va aksariyat takliflar faqat qisqa muddatli shartnomalar uchun qilingan. Bundan tashqari, franchayzingdagi muvaffaqiyatsizliklar ko'payib ketdi va hukumatdan "shoshilinch to'xtash joyi" ni egallashni talab qildi, ba'zida bir xil temir yo'l liniyasi uchun. O'zgarishlar tobora kuchayib borayotgan ovozli chaqiriqlar, asosan, voqealar sodir bo'lguncha, Uaytxollning harakatsizligi bilan uchrashdi Covid-19 pandemiyasi: yo'lovchilar darajasining pasayishi va temir yo'l sanoati bankrot bo'lish arafasida, hukumat harakat qilishi kerak edi. 2020 yil mart oyida katta miqdordagi naqd in'ektsiya franchayzalarni vaqtincha bo'lsa ham, jamoatchilik nazorati ostiga oldi. Keyin, 2020 yil sentyabr oyida franchayzing tizimi bekor qilinishi e'lon qilindi. Konservatorlar hukumati davrida doimiy qayta davlatlashtirish har doim ham ehtimoldan yiroq edi, ammo yangi tizim kelajakda davlatni yanada qattiqroq ushlashga olib keladi. Franchayzingni almashtirishning eng ehtimoliy usuli bu imtiyozli model bo'lib, uning yordamida kompaniyalar G'aznachilik tomonidan belgilangan yillik to'lov evaziga uzoq muddatli shartnoma tuziladi, tariflar va tariflar davlat nazorati ostida va tariflar daromadlari jamoat sumkasiga qaytariladi. Biroq, Britaniyaning hech bo'lmaganda bir qismi to'liq milliylashtirishni boshlamoqda: 2021 yil fevral oyida Uels uchun transport xizmatlari Uels (leyboristlar) hukumati tomonidan jamoat mulkiga aylantirildi.

Ko'pgina tabiiy marshrutlar

G'arbiy Highland Line bo'ylab sayohat qilgan poezddan ko'rinish.

Ribblehead Viaduct, Settle-Carlisle Line, Shimoliy Yorkshir.

Dovlishni Riviera chizig'ida temir yo'l bo'ylab dengiz devori bo'ylab sayohat qilish.

Ko'plab chiziqlar Buyuk Britaniyaning ajoyib qishloqlarini kesib o'tib, dramatik qirg'oqlar bo'ylab, xususan Shotlandiya, Uels va Angliyaning shimoliy va janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan. Ko'pgina joylarda Viktoriya davridagi oqlangan viyadüktalar va ko'priklar tabiiy landshaftning chiroyiga chiroy qo'shadi (aksincha). Bunday ko'plab tabiiy marshrutlar orasida Milliy temir yo'l tarmog'ining bir qismi bo'lgan va marshrut bo'ylab jamoalarga transport xizmati ko'rsatadigan hamda sayyohlarni jalb qiladigan bir nechta yo'nalish mavjud. Himoyalangan va meros temir yo'llari boshqalarni (odatda bug 'poezdida) ajoyib qishloqda ishlaydi (quyida saqlanib qolgan temir yo'llar bo'limiga qarang).

• Kembriy chizig'i (Shrewsbury - Aberistvit/Pwllheli). Bu birinchi bo'lib yarim tog'li tog'li erlar bo'ylab harakatlanadigan marshrut O'rta Uels, so'ngra Dovey vodiysi qirg'oqqa etib borguncha. Marshrut o'tadi Machynlleth Dovey Junction-da janubi-g'arbga bir oz masofani ajratishdan oldin. Janubiy qism Aberistvit, shimoliy qismi to Pwllheli yilda Shimoliy Uels. Shimoliy qo'lda avval Dovey daryosining qirg'og'i, so'ngra Kardigan ko'rfazi yonma-yon joylashgan. Ning tog'lari Snowdonia birinchi bo'lib shimolga, so'ngra sharqqa to'g'ri keladi, chunki chiziq qirg'oq bo'ylab nozik tarzda to'qilgan. Belgilangan yo'nalishda temir yo'l liniyasi Mavddach Estaryasini kesib o'tadi Barmut Shimol tomon davom etib, ko'prik Harlech va g'arbga burilish Minffordd va Porthmadog. Kardigan ko'rfazining shimoliy chetidan g'arbga yugurish yugurishni yakunlaydi Pwllheli. Marshrut shuningdek, Uelsning tog'li ichki qismini o'rganish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan "Uelsning kichik poezdlari" ning ko'plab tor yo'llari bilan bog'lanadi.
• Exeter-Penzance (shu jumladan Riviera liniyasi): Mashhur muhandis Brunel tomonidan Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'lining bir qismi sifatida ishlab chiqilgan ushbu yo'nalish Exeter, Devon to Penzance, Cornwall va temir yo'l to'g'ridan-to'g'ri dengiz devoridan o'tadigan uzun yo'llarni o'z ichiga oladi, masalan Dawlishda. Shuningdek, u dramatik Dartmur shahridan o'tib, serqatnov vodiylardan o'tib, Brunelning viyaduktalarini kesib o'tadi va Tamar daryosi bo'ylab ta'sirli qirollik Albert ko'prigi orqali Kornuolga kiradi (TAY-mar deb talaffuz qilinadi). Dawlishdagi temir yo'l liniyasida yorilgan to'lqinlarning tasvirlari ramziy ma'noga ega Devon. Orasidagi masofa Exeter va Nyuton Abbot ayniqsa chiroyli, poezd dengiz devori bo'ylab chiroyli qirg'oqdagi Starkross, Dawlish va Teignmouth shaharlari bo'ylab harakatlanayotganda ("Tin-mut" deb talaffuz qilinadi). O'sha derazaga 15-20 daqiqa davomida ko'zingizni yopishtirib qo'ying!
• Uels chizig'i chizig'i(http://www.heart-of-wales.co.uk/). Butun sayohat "Suonsi" ga Shrewsbury to'rt soat davom etadi va Uelsning eng chiroyli tog'li hududlari va chiroyli bozor shaharlari bo'ylab o'tadi.
• Stonehaven-Aberdin: Shimoliy chiziq Edinburg ga Aberdin ramziy Forth ko'prigidan o'tadi. Shimoliy qismida, go'zal port shahri Stonehaven va Aberdinning "Granit shahri" o'rtasida u shimoliy dengizga ko'tarilgan ajoyib qoyalar bilan dramatik, qirg'oq bo'yidagi qirg'oq bo'ylab 20 daqiqa yoki shunga o'xshash masofani bosib o'tadi. Qattiq toshlar va toshlardagi yorilib ketayotgan to'lqinlar sahnaga qo'shimcha qo'shadi. Yo'nalish, ayniqsa, quyosh chiqqanda juda ta'sirli (shpalni Londondan Aberdinga olib borishda ko'rish mumkin)
• The Uzoq Shimoliy chiziq shiddat bilan o'sib borayotgan Inverness shahridan Britaniyaning eng shimoliy shahri Tursoga qadar tog'lar manzarasi, shuningdek Moray Firth, Dornoch Firth va Sutherland qirg'oqlarining ta'sirchan qirg'oqlari bo'ylab o'tadi. Yana bir marshrutni tark etadi Inverness Kayl of Lochalsh uchun, uning Skeyning ajoyib oroliga bog'langanligi.
• The Settle-Karlisl chizig'i Shimoliy Yorkshirdagi Setldan 73 milya (117 km) yuguradi (yoki poyezdga katta shaharda oldinroq qo'shilishingiz mumkin) Lids) shahriga Karlisl, Shotlandiya chegarasi yaqinida. Angliyaning eng chiroyli temir yo'li bu dramatik Pennine Hills va Yorkshire Dales milliy bog'i orqali o'tadi. Ko'plab viyaduklardan eng diqqatga sazovor joyi, o'zining 24 ta tosh kamari bo'lgan Ribblehead Viaduct va marshrutdagi ko'plab stantsiyalardan yaxshi yurish mavjud. (Ushbu yo'nalish 1980-yillarda yopilishi uchun mo'ljallangan edi, ammo jamoat bosimi va ortib borayotgan yuk tashish bu ochiq qolishini anglatadi)
• The G'arbiy tog 'chizig'i dan Glazgo G'arbiy sohil bo'yidagi Mallaig port shaharchalariga va Oban Ehtimol, bu Buyuk Britaniyadagi eng ajoyib va ​​dunyodagi eng yaxshi temir yo'l sayohatlari orasida muntazam ravishda ovoz bergan. London Eustondan Fort Uilyamgacha bo'lgan tungi shpal ham marshrutda harakatlanadi va yozda har kuni "Yakobit" deb nomlangan bug 'poezdi mavjud. Ajoyib ko'rinishlarga quyidagilar kiradi Loch Lomond Gareloch, dramatik Rannoch Mur, Glenfinnan Viadukti (Garri Potter filmlarida va Shotlandiya banknotalarida aks ettirilgan) va ularning ajoyib manzaralari Gebridlar dan Mallaig, 4 soatlik sayohatda ko'plab boshqalar qatori.

Xizmatlar

Bugungi kunda ham mavjud bo'lgan British Rail temir yo'lining yutug'i shundaki, siz Buyuk Britaniyaning istalgan bekatidan istalgan boshqa stantsiyaga, shu jumladan poezd, poezd kompaniyalari va hattoki har qanday o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishingiz mumkin. London metrosi yoki Manchester Metrolink ulanish kerak.

Tezlik

Ko'pgina shaharlararo xizmatlar hatto elektrlashtirilmagan liniyalarda ham 125 milya (201 km / soat) gacha tezlikda harakatlanadi. Buyuk Britaniya 1970-yillarda tezyurar dizel yoqilg'isi xizmatlarini joriy qilgan birinchi mamlakat edi (foydalanib InterCity 125 yangilangan, bugungi kunda ham ba'zi yo'nalishlarning asosiy tayanchi bo'lgan poezdlar). Ba'zi mamlakatlardan farqli o'laroq, tezyurar xizmatlarning narxi boshqalarnikidan qimmatga tushmaydi, faqat London St Pankrasdan Kentdagi stantsiyalargacha High Speed ​​1da harakatlanadigan poezdlar bundan mustasno. Bu erda siz tezyurar liniyadan foydalanmaydigan sekinroq xizmatlarga qaraganda yuqori narxlarni to'laysiz va arzonroq Advance yoki Off-Peak chiptalari mavjud emas. Shaharlararo yo'nalishlardan uzoqda, asosiy yo'nalishlarda tezligi 100 milya (160 km / soat) gacha, kichik yo'nalishlarda esa kamroq. Eski Janubiy mintaqada (Temza daryosi va Janubiy G'arbiy magistral liniyasi bilan chegaralangan mintaqa) Veymut), hatto shaharlararo xizmatlar ham uchinchi temir yo'lni elektrlashtirish cheklovlari tufayli 100 milya bilan cheklangan.

Shaharlararo bo'lmagan xizmatlarda (ayniqsa, Janubiy-Sharqiy Angliyada) siz ushbu atamani eshitishingiz mumkin tez, quyidagi e'londa bo'lgani kabi: "Sevenoaks, Petts Vud, Bromli janubi, keyin Londonning Charing Xoch shahriga qo'ng'iroq qilish". Bu tezlikni anglatmaydi - bu shuni bildiradiki to'xtovsiz. Shunday qilib, yuqoridagi e'londagi poezd Bromley South va London Charing Cross o'rtasidagi ko'plab stantsiyalarni o'tkazib yuboradi. "Tez" xizmat tinimsiz, "yarim tez" esa faqat ma'lum stantsiyalarda qo'ng'iroq qilishni anglatadi.

Sayohat turlari

Yangilangan standart klassdagi interyer InterCity 125 (shuningdek, HST deb nomlanadi) CrossCountry tomonidan boshqariladi. The InterCity 125 dunyodagi eng tezkor dizel poezdi.

221-sinfning 1-darajali ichki qismi Super Voyager

Ikki sinf ishlaydi: standart sinf va 1-sinf. Qatnov poezdlari va ba'zi mahalliy xizmatlar faqat standart sinfni taklif qiladi.

• Standart sinf turar joy odatda yo'lakning har ikki tomonida ikkita o'rindiqqa ega, ular "qarama-qarshi stol" yoki xususiyroq "aviakompaniya uslubidagi" o'rindiqlar bilan ta'minlangan. Shahar atrofida ko'proq intensiv foydalanish uchun mo'ljallangan ba'zi poezdlarda uchta o'rindiq bir tomonga, ikkinchisiga ikkinchi o'ringa ega bo'lishi mumkin, yoki hatto devorlar bo'ylab juda ko'p joy mavjud.
• Birinchi sinf shaharlararo xizmatlarda turar joy, yo'lakning ikki tomonida ikkita o'rindiq va bitta o'rindiq bor, kattaroq o'rindiq, ko'proq oyoq joylari, ichimliklar, ichimliklar va gazeta xizmatida (dam olish kunlari barcha xizmatlar mavjud emas) ; yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatishning birinchi klassi odatda ancha sodda va yo'lakning har ikki tomonida ikkita o'rindiq bo'lishi mumkin. Ammo uzoq safarlardan (2 soat yoki undan ko'proq) yoki band bo'lgan poezdlardan tashqari (ya'ni 8 am Londonga poezd) birinchi darajali chiptani sotib olish deyarli ma'nosiz. Buning sababi shundaki, siz joy olish ehtimoli ko'proq (bu baribir bo'lsa kerak), narx farqi uchun deyarli foydasi yo'q. Bronlash paytida narxlarni tekshirib ko'ring, chunki birinchi darajadagi avans narxlari ba'zan hayratlanarli darajada oqilona bo'lishi mumkin, va uzoqroq sayrda qo'shimcha oyoq va tirsak xonasi, shuningdek (ko'pincha juda yaxshi) ovqatlanish va ichimliklar yoqimli. Shuningdek, poezd operatorining veb-saytini tekshirib ko'rishingiz kerak, birinchi sinf sizni nimaga jalb qilishini bilish uchun, masalan, Avanti West Coast to'liq ovqatlanish xizmatini taklif qiladi, boshqa ba'zi operatorlar sizga kattaroq joy taklif qilishadi. Dam olish kunlari ko'plab poezdlar siz poezdga o'tirgandan so'ng, arzon narxlardagi birinchi darajali yangilanishni taklif qiladi. Bu odatda e'lon qilinadi yoki siz poezd xodimlaridan so'rashingiz mumkin.

Ham birinchi, ham standart sinfda, poezdlarning aksariyati quyidagilarni ta'minlaydi:

• Har bir o'rindiqning yuqorisida qog'oz yorlig'i yoki elektron displey bilan ko'rsatilgan bepul yo'lovchilarni bron qilish (shahar atrofidagi yoki mahalliy xizmatlar emas)
• Yurish bufetyoki a aravachalar xizmati uzoq masofali poezdlarda poezdda harakatlanadigan ichimliklar va salqin ichimliklar
• Konditsioner (shahar atrofidagi yoki mahalliy xizmatlarda har doim ham mavjud emas)
• To'liq nogironlar uchun mo'ljallangan tualet va chaqaloqni almashtirish uchun jihozlar bilan kamida bitta vagon
• Shaharlararo xizmatlar to'g'risida, a simsiz Internet xizmat (to'lov olinishi mumkin)
• Ko'pgina shaharlararo poezdlar a "Jim murabbiy" mobil telefonlar, iPodlar, suhbatlar va boshqa har qanday shovqinlardan foydalanishga yo'l qo'yilmaydigan joylarda. Ularni LNER, CrossCountry, Avanti West Coast, East Midlands Trains, Eurostar, Great Western Railway va Abellio Greater Anglia shaharlararo xizmatlari boshqaradigan poezdlarda topish mumkin.

Chekish va spirtli ichimliklar

Wallsend stantsiyasida britaniyaliklar va rimliklar uchun chekish taqiqlangan

Chekish Buyuk Britaniyadagi (va aslida Angliya, Uels va Shotlandiyaning har qanday yopiq jamoat joylarida) poezdlarda noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Poezdlar tutun signalizatsiyasi bilan jihozlangan, shu jumladan hojatxonalarda. Agar chekayotganingizni ko'rsangiz, poezd xodimlari buni tashkil qilishadi Britaniya transport politsiyasi keyingi stantsiyada kutish uchun siz hibsga olinasiz va jarimaga tortilasiz. Chekish stantsiya platformalarida va boshqa temir yo'l ob'ektlarida ham noqonuniy hisoblanadi, garchi kichikroq yoki qishloq vokzallarda, asosiy kutish joyidan iloji boricha ochiq havoda cheksangiz, umuman e'tiborga olinmaydi. Elektron sigaretalarni vaping qilish poezdlarda taqiqlangan, ammo ba'zi bir poezd kompaniyalari sizga platformada vape qilish imkonini beradi.

Aksariyat poezdlarda va stantsiyalarda spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish taqiqlanmagan bo'lsa-da, siz sayohatchilar va temir yo'l xodimlarining norozi qarashlarini, agar siz platformada ochiq iste'mol qilsangiz. Bunga ba'zi bir istisnolar quyida keltirilgan.

Ba'zi voqealar paytida va ma'lum vaqtlarda poezd kompaniyalari o'z xizmatlarida spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilishni cheklashlari mumkin (masalan, ommaviy sport tadbirlariga boradigan poezdlar) va bunday cheklovlarni poezdda yoki stantsiyalarda e'lon qiladi. Agar siz cheklangan joyda spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilganingiz aniqlansa, u musodara qilinadi. Agar siz spirtli ichimliklarni topshirolmasangiz yoki ogohlantirishdan keyin ichishni davom ettirsangiz jarimaga tortilasiz.

Britaniya transport politsiyasi, agar sizni mastlik bilan sayohat qilishga yaroqsiz deb hisoblasangiz, istalgan vaqtda sizni istalgan stantsiyadan yoki poezddan olib tashlashi mumkin va temir yo'l xodimlari, kerak bo'lganda, temir yo'l qoidalarini bajarish uchun o'zlarining aralashuvlarini talab qilishda ikkilanmaydilar.

In Shotlandiya ScotRail tomonidan boshqariladigan poezdlarda spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish yoki spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilish noqonuniy soat 10:00 gacha yoki 21:00 dan keyin. Ushbu qaror Kaledoniya shpal xizmatiga taalluqli emas.

Alohida qonun hujjatlariga muvofiq, kabi mahalliy transport tarmoqlari London metrosi spirtli ichimliklarni taqiqlashni ham amalga oshirish.

Qishloq xizmatlari

Ba'zi bir qishloq, mahalliy xizmatlarda (xususan, Angliyaning shimoli-g'arbiy va janubi-g'arbiy qismida), ba'zi kichik stantsiyalar so'rov to'xtash joylari (bu odatda jadvalda ko'rsatiladi va jamoat manzillari tizimida e'lon qilinadi). Agar iltimos bo'yicha to'xtash kerak bo'lsa, poezd sekinlashadi va uning shovqini ham chalishi mumkin - agar siz poezdga chiqmoqchi bo'lsangiz, haydovchi sizni ko'rishi uchun qo'lingizni ko'taring. Agar siz to'xtash joyi bo'yicha to'xtashni xohlasangiz, poezd xodimlariga qaysi stantsiyadan tushishni xohlayotganingiz to'g'risida xabar berishingiz kerak va u haydovchiga to'xtash to'g'risida signal beradi.

Mintaqaviy, mahalliy va shahar atrofidagi yo'nalishlar

Keng tarmoqlar tarmog'i shahar va mintaqaviy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan shaharlar (masalan, Liverpul - Manchester), mahalliy xizmatlar (masalan, Settle - Karlisl) va ko'plab yirik shaharlarning atrofidagi transport xizmatlarini (tarmoq London, Glazgo, Birmingem va Liverpul atrofida zich joylashgan) ta'minlaydi. ). Qiziqarli yoki ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan ko'pgina shahar va shaharlarga temir yo'l orqali yoki temir yo'l va birlashtiruvchi avtobus aloqasi orqali erishish mumkin (masalan, avtobus xizmati Leuchars stantsiyasini Sent-Endryus). Sayohat rejalashtiruvchisini sinab ko'rish kerak National Rail veb-sayti sizga qiziqqan joyga xizmat ko'rsatilishini ko'rish uchun (bo'limga qarang Sayohatingizni rejalashtirish quyida).

Inter-City lines

The inter-city network developed from six historic mainlines. Line speed is up to 125 mph (201 km/h), but is up to 186 mph (299 km/h) for High Speed 1 which is only achieved by Eurostar with domestic trains limited to 140 mph (230 km/h), and 100 mph (160 km/h) for the Great Eastern line. The 125 mph top speed on the West Coast main line can only be achieved by tiling trains, with conventional trains limited to 110 mph (180 km/h). All inter-city lines connect to London at one end, except for the Cross-Country Route. There are numerous stations in London, with each mainline terminating at a different station (e.g. Paddington, King's Cross, St. Pancras, Euston). These stations are linked by the London Underground network.

Main concourse at London King's Cross station, terminus of the East Coast Main Line to Scotland and the north of England, as well as local and regional services to Cambridgeshire and destinations north of London.

• High Speed 1 (HS1) connects London with many destinations in Kent kabi Canterbury, Rochester and the Medway Towns, Margate, and Dover, and with the Channel Tunnel to France. Domestic services run at 140 mph (230 km/h) from London to cities and towns in Kent, and Eurostar international services run at 186 mph (299 km/h) to Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam. This line runs from St Pancras.
• East Coast Main Line - dan London King's Cross to Edinburg Waverley via Peterboro, York va Nyukasl, with a branch to Lids. Services run at least hourly from London to Newark-on-Trent, Leeds, and Edinburgh, with less frequent services to Bredford, Hull, Sunderland va Aberdin.
• West Coast Main Line - dan London Euston to Glazgo Central via Milton Keynes, Preston va Karlisl, with branches to Birmingem, "Manchester" va "Liverpul". Services run at least hourly from London to Birmingham, Chester, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow, with less frequent services to Bangor, Holyhead, "Blekpul" va Edinburg.
• Great Eastern Main Line - dan London Liverpool Street to Norwich orqali Colchester va Ipswich. Half-hourly services run the length of the line.
• Great Western Main Line - dan London Paddington to Bristol Temple Meads via O'qish, with branches southwest to Devon va Kornuol, and west across the Welsh border to Kardiff va "Suonsi". Services run at least hourly from London to Oksford, Vester, Bristol, Cardiff, Swansea and Plimut, with less frequent services to Hereford, Cheltenham, Paignton va Penzance.
• Midland Main Line - dan London St. Pancras to Sheffild orqali "Lester" va Derbi, with a branch to Nottingham. Services run at least hourly from London to Corby, Nottingham, and Sheffield.
• Cross-Country Route - connecting Shotlandiya, shimoliy Angliya, the Midlands, southern and south-west Angliya. Unlike all other inter-city lines it does not reach London and most services run via Birmingem.

While these are the routes showing high speed services, some operators run longer-distance "fast" or "semi-fast" connections on local lines, one such example being Abellio Greater Anglia's West Anglia Main Line "fast" service which only calls at London Liverpool Street, Tottenham Hale, Harlow Mill, Bishops Stortford, Audley End, Whittlesford Parkway and Cambridge. A much longer Arriva Trains Wales service travels regularly from Milford Haven to Manchester calling at towns and cities like Carmarthen, Llanelli, Swansea, Bridgend, Cardiff, Newport, Abergavenny, Crewe and Manchester Piccadilly. These trains are not served by high speed trains and will often operate at slower speeds. They may also call at intermediate stations on the route. It is worth checking where your train stops at, and whether there may be a quicker connection, for example, Great Northern's London King's Cross - Cambridge would be quicker than Greater Anglia's London Liverpool Street - Cambridge.

Uyqudagi poezdlar

There are three scheduled sleeper trains in Britain that operate every night (except Saturday) in each direction. Travelling more slowly than their equivalent daytime trains, they offer a comfortable means of overnight travel. All feature a lounge car that is open to passengers booked in berths (although on busy nights the Caledonian Sleeper sometimes restrict access to the lounge car to first-class passengers only). A buffet service of food and drinks is available in the lounge car, offering affordable snacks and drinks.

London to Scotland

A Club room on the Caledonian Sleeper, with the top berth stowed. Club and Classic rooms include one or two beds and a washbasin, and Club rooms also have a private WC and shower.

Serco operate two Caledonian Sleepers to Scotland, Sunday to Friday.

• The Lowland Sleeper leaves London Euston around 23:00, and divides at Carstairs to reach Glazgo Central and Edinburg for 07:30; the southbound trains depart around 23:30.
• The Highland Sleeper leaves London Euston around 21:00, and divides at Edinburgh to reach Aberdin for 07:40 (returning 21:40), Inverness for 08:40 (returning 20:40) and Fort Uilyam for 10:00 (returning 19:30). Passengers for Edinburgh may not use the Highland Sleeper, as this is just a service halt. This train stops at many intermediate stations (eg Dundee, Stirling and Perth) but very early in the morning: it might be more convenient, and cheaper, to take the Lowland Sleeper to Edinburgh or Glasgow then change to a daytime train.

Reservations on Caledonian Sleepers are compulsory, and if you already hold a daytime ticket or rail pass, you need to buy a sleeper supplement.

The Caledonian Sleeper introduced new rolling stock in 2019. Reclining seats are cheapest: these are comparable to daytime first class but with no at-seat service, and the lights stay on all night. It's an uncomfortable way to spend the night; note that sitting passengers on the Fort William portion of the train must change carriages in Edinburgh. Sleeper compartments have up to two berths in three configurations: "classic" rooms include up & down bunk beds and a washbasin; "club" rooms have up & down bunks with basin, WC and shower; and double bedrooms have one double bed with basin, WC and shower. These are sold on the same basis as hotel rooms, so you pay extra for single occupancy, but you don't have to share with a stranger. Pricing is dynamic, you pay less in advance, much more at weekends or around the Edinburgh Festival if indeed there are berths available. Reckon £140 single and £170 double "classic" to Edinburgh and £45 for seating only. Booking is open 12 months in advance; you need to print out your e-ticket to present on boarding.

London to the West Country

GWR Night Riviera cabin for two. The top bunk is folded away for solo travellers.

Great Western Railway operate the Night Riviera Sleeper, which travels along a single route from London Paddington to Plimut, Devon and Penzance, Cornwall, calling at numerous intermediate stations. Reservations on Great Western Railway sleepers are optional in seated accommodation, and supplements are payable on top of the basic fare to reserve a berth. The Night Riviera offers two kinds of accommodation:

• Standard class seated accommodation (the seats do not recline).
• Sleeper berths: either a cabin with two berths or (for a higher supplement) a cabin with just one. Solo travellers will not have to share with another traveller, but must book a single cabin instead. The sleeping compartments have been refurbished to a very high standard and each includes a washbasin with soap and towel, a compact wardrobe and electric sockets with USB charging ports. Sleeper berth passengers will be served a complimentary breakfast. There are no showers on board the sleepers, but berth passengers may use the showers at Paddington, Truro and Penzance stations free of charge. Berth passengers may also use the first class lounge at Paddington before or after their journey.

Parliamentary trains

A British peculiarity is the Parliamentary train yoki ghost trains. This is usually where the railway company wants to close the station, or a particular service, or the entire line, but the legal process for doing so is complex and expensive. So instead they run the very minimum service that the law requires: just one a week, in one direction only, usually at an inconvenient time. Other parliamentary trains are used to keep up driver familiarity with unusual movements. An example of the latter is the once-daily Chiltern Railways train to London Paddington instead of the usual London Marylebone, since trains are occasionally diverted there.

Some examples of parliamentary trains include:

• London Liverpool Street to Enfield Town via South Tottenham, Saturday at 0531 (trains normally go via Stoke Newington)
• Wolverhampton to Walsall direct, Saturday at 0638
• Gillingham to Sheerness-on-Sea, weekdays at 0456 and return at 2132
• Northampton to Crewe stopping at Polesworth station, Monday to Saturday at 0723

The companies’ behaviour is cynical and it's tempting to incite a flash-mob to board all such trains (ghost-costumes optional) then write to their MPs to say what a splendid service it was, that must please be kept running. There is however an upside to this. Unlike the stations and lines closed during the "Beeching Axe" when Britain lost half its rail network in the span of not even a full decade, stations (only) served by a "Parliamentary Train" can become regular stations with frequent service rather quickly. It does not happen maybe as often as some would want, but there have been instances of lines going from the bare minimum of "train service" in order to avoid the lengthy process of shutdown to regular and actually useful service.

Sayohatingizni rejalashtirish

The best source of information is the Milliy temir yo'l website at http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/. It has a very useful journey planner, gives live updates for all stations, has station information and plans, ticket information, as well as a useful Cheapest Fare Finder (however "split ticketing" may still be cheaper). Most of these services are also available by telephone from the National Rail Enquiries phone service on 44 3457 48 49 50. The National Rail website gives prices but does not sell tickets (however it will link to a choice of several websites which do). Among the train operators' websites, a useful one for planning travel and buying tickets is:

• Great Western Railway is a privately owned train company which uses an easy-to-use ticketing system and unlike most websites also sells some rovers online Bu yerga. As with all train company websites, it gives information and sells tickets for all services in Great Britain operated by any company.
• Other useful websites include virgintrains.co.uk, northernrail.org, scotrail.co.uk, southwesternrailway.com va splitticketing.com/

The Forth Bridge takes the line north from Edinburg across the firth of Forth, to Fife va Aberdin.

It is advisable not to use the various independent train booking websites that also exist, which often charge unavoidable additional fees for tickets which can all be purchased without the fees from any train companies website! (e.g. for booking, using a debit card, using a credit card, receiving tickets by post or collecting them at the station).

• Do not use third-party ticket websites: tickets sold on thetrainline.com, redspottedhanky.com, mytrainticket.co.uk or raileasy.co.uk can be purchased at a cheaper rate and without any booking or card fees from any train company's website! Some third-party ticket websites charge booking/collection/credit card fees, while the official train company websites do not. thetrainline.com advertises frequently in the media in the UK, leaving some people convinced that it's cheaper, however in reality it's impossible to get a cheaper deal there no matter what anyone tells you!

Buying tickets

Eslatma: Deliberate fare evasion on British trains is a criminal offence and may lead to prosecution. The maximum penalty if found guilty is a fine of up to £1,000 or up to three months in prison. In most cases, you should buy a ticket before you board a train.

A feature of the network is that you can purchase a through-ticket from any one station to any other in Great Britain, regardless of which or how many train companies you will need to travel on. You buy tickets at station ticket offices yoki ticket machines. Smaller stations may have no ticket office and very minor ones will not have a machine; in this situation you should buy your ticket on-board from the conductor as soon as you can. Alternatively, more and more travellers buy from one of the train company's websites, all of which have a journey planner and sell tickets for all services, not just their own. If you buy on a website from one of the companies listed in the Passenger Rail Companies section above, you can receive your tickets in a number of different ways (depending on provider):

• Xabar: you can have tickets sent to you by post (takes 2–3 days), but this may have to be to the address that your bank card is registered at.
• Collection: you can pick them up at a train station you specify that has an automated ticket machine. If you are collecting tickets from a machine, you need any bank card plus the ticket collection reference in your confirmation email. If travelling from an unstaffed station without a ticket machine, it will not be possible to collect your ticket there. You should use another method or collect your ticket from another station before travelling. However, if travelling within Scotland, ScotRail unofficially accept seeing your confirmation email instead. If travelling to a station with barriers, they may ask you to collect your ticket there to leave the station. For example, boarding a train at Achnasheen, you would show the conductor your confirmation email. When arriving in Inverness, you may need to print out your ticket from the machine there. In this case, select Inverness as your collection station when buying the ticket.
• Print at Home: you can print the ticket at home on your printer (only on some routes).
• Mobil: you can have your ticket delivered to your smartphone, which you just present on the train (only on some routes).

A ticket does not guarantee a seat unless you also have a seat reservation. Depending on ticket type and train company, this may come automatically with the ticket or you may be asked if you wish to reserve a seat - ask if you are unsure. Some trains (mostly local and commuter services) do not permit seat reservations. If you have no seat reservation, you may have to stand if the train is busy.

Chipta turlari

Typical UK rail ticket. Credit-card sized, with details of the fare and journey printed on the ticket. It has a magnetic strip on the back, which allows it to open station ticket gates.

A typical National Rail reservation coupon, in this case the paid standard class supplement required for a berth in the Glasgow to London sleeper (there is no charge for a seat reservation on a day time train). The reserved bed is in coach N, berth 23L ('L' for lower of two berths). Printed in the same format of card as a ticket, no reservation is valid without an accompanying ticket.

Point-to-point tickets come in three types: Advance, Off-Peak and Anytime. Shuningdek, bor 'Rover' tickets, for unlimited journeys in a particular area. You can usually book any of these up to three months in advance, and less expensive tickets are more likely to be available the further in advance you book. You can choose between flexibility (generally more expensive) and value (less or no flexibility), similar to an airline. Off-peak times are usually any time after 9.30am and all weekends and public holidays, although some companies around London also have a weekday afternoon peak. Services are much more expensive outside these off-peak times. In increasing order of cost, tickets are classed as:

• Oldindan - are usually the cheapest tickets (although if you are making a return journey, a return ticket can sometimes be cheaper than two Advance tickets). Advance tickets must be bought in advance and you must travel on a specific train, at a specific time. Most train companies allow booking up to 6pm the evening before travel, but some companies sell advance tickets up to 15 minutes before departure, notably CrossCountry, via their mobile app. Advance tickets are limited, so once a set number have been sold, the only tickets available may be Off-Peak or Anytime tickets. If you get a different train to that stated on your ticket, you will need to pay for a new ticket (at full price) and on some trains you will also have to pay a penalty fare (at least £20 extra). You can not board or leave the train at any station except those stated on the ticket unless you have another ticket to that station.
• Off-Peak - Buy any time, must travel at 'off-peak' times, ticket is more expensive than Advance ticket. Change in travel plans possible. You can break your journey anywhere en route. Some lines also offer Super Off-Peak tickets with more restrictions that may be cheaper, but they will still be flexible.
• Istalgan vaqtda - Buy any time, travel any time, most expensive ticket. Change in travel plans easily made, plus you can just travel any time you like.

Advance tickets are only sold as single (one-way) tickets. To make a return journey, simply purchase two singles. Off-Peak and Anytime tickets are available as single or return. With the exception of some suburban and commuter trains, the cheapest fares are almost always Advance tickets; however these are not always the best value, particularly for return journeys. Advance tickets are released for sale in limited numbers approximately 12 weeks in advance, and these tickets can only be used on the train specified on the reservation. To check how far ahead 'Advance' tickets are available, visit National Rail's "Booking Horizons" page. If you have not booked in advance, short-distance travel is still affordable if you buy on the day of travel, but if you try to buy longer-distance tickets on the day (e.g. London-Scotland) make sure your budget is prepared.

If you are purchasing a less restricted off-peak yoki har qanday vaqtda ticket, return fares are often only a small amount more than a single (one-way ticket). Off-peak and anytime return tickets usually allow travel back up to a month after departure, outbound travel must be completed the day the ticket was purchased except if the journey is not possible to complete in one day, the ticket was purchased after the last through train left, or you are using a sleeper. However, you can change trains as many times as you want en-route if you want to get out and take in the sights. For shorter distance journeys a cheaper "Day Return" may be available, where outbound and return travel must be completed on the same day (a "day" is defined at ending 04:29 the following day). Tickets are valid until 04:29 the day after the 'valid until' date shown on the ticket. Tickets purchased after midnight are valid until 04:29 the following day (28 hours after purchase). These fare are extremely flexible allowing you to travel on any train operated by any company and break your journey as many times as you like. On some intermediate-length routes, e.g. between London and Cambridge, both returns and day returns are available. Often people (including ticket officers) will use "return" to mean "day return"—this can cause confusion. It's always best to specify when buying your ticket either "period return" (return within a month) or "day return" (return the same day) just to be sure you're getting the right one.

Tips to save money

Some stations, like Birmingham New Street, have whole shopping centres integrated into the concourse. Even if you do save money on the train fare, you may find yourself parting with your cash in other ways!

There are various ways to obtain discounts, for some people, some of the time. The simplest way to get cheaper tickets is always to book as far in advance as possible.

Split-journey tickets

An example of the complexity and lack of logic in ticket pricing is that it can sometimes be cheaper to split a journey into two or more segments, and buy a separate ticket for each segment. This can apply to any of the ticket types listed above. For example, as at August 2018 a standard-class off-peak return ticket from Reading to Bristol costs £63.20. If you are making that journey in a day, however, it would be better to buy day return tickets from Reading to Didcot costs £6.60, and from Didcot to Bristol costs £24.90 - a total of £31.50, saving over 50%. You would buy both tickets before starting the journey.

These tickets are valid only on trains that are scheduled to stop at the relevant intermediate station. In the example above, you would have to use a train that stops at Didcot - some but not all Reading-Bristol trains do so. But there is no need for you actually to break your journey at the intermediate station, unless you wish to. There is little rhyme or reason as to which journeys can be made cheaper by this tactic, although it seems that journeys starting and finishing at major locations tend to be relatively more expensive (in our example, Reading and Bristol are both much bigger places than Didcot). It also tends to be cheaper to split journeys without day returns into two shorter journeys with day returns (also seen in our example). You have to do your own research by using the National Rail site mentioned above. Splitting at most locations increases the cost rather than decreasing it.

There's little risk if you're using more than one separate ticket for different segments of the journey on bitta train. Ammo, this strategy carries risk if you're using more than one train: If you have two low-price, advance-purchase tickets which can only be used on specific trains and the first train is late and you miss your second, connecting train, then, although you are completely legally entitled to use a later connecting train as long as you have allowed the set 'connection time' (at least 5 minutes, up to 15 minutes for the largest stations - see brtimes.com and enter the station name for details) at your interchange station, some staff who are unaware of this rule may still demand that you purchase a new ticket for the second leg of your train journey. This is likely to be at eye-watering, wallet-destroying cost as walk-up fares can be extremely expensive for journeys that are not short. If you are inexperienced with travelling by train in the UK, it is safer to purchase a through-ticket direct to your destination. This means that if one of your connecting trains is late, you should still be able to travel to your final destination at no extra cost.

You can buy tickets from any station in the UK to any other station in the UK at any ticket office allowing to purchase "split tickets" you can not buy these from self service machines. If the station you are starting your journey at has no ticket office, you can buy the first ticket from the self-service machine, and in some cases tickets from other stations as well. If not, then you can usually then board the train with the first ticket and then immediately find the conductor to purchase the rest, but this is not guaranteed.

• splitticketing.com is a website which finds split tickets and allows you book them online (for a small fee) if you want.

Specifying a route or train company

There may be several different possible routes to your destination, with different fares. A ticket valid via 'ANY PERMITTED' routes may be more expensive than a ticket that is restricted to a specific route or to a specific train company.

Change of route excess

Picturesque Blaenau Ffestiniog once filled goods trains with slate destined for the world over.

A little known secret is the possibility to excess a ticket to a different route. This allows you to save money when travelling on a cheaper route one way and return on a more expensive route. Take for example off-peak returns from Dundee to Inverness. There are two different tickets available. One is free of any restrictions, bearing the inscription ANY PERMITTED, the other requires you to travel VIA AVIEMORE. The former costs £56.10, the latter only £36.90. An online journey planner will offer you the ANY PERMITTED ticket in this case. At a ticket office you'll however be able to buy a ticket VIA AVIEMORE and a change of route excess for the direction where you want to travel via Aberdeen (not passing through Aviemore). The change of route excess is only half the difference between the two tickets. You'll pay only £46.50, a saving of more than 17% compared to the ANY PERMITTED ticket.

Similarly, on a small number of routes it's possible to get a cheaper ticket if you travel with a specific operator. Usually this involves taking a slower or less frequent train. For example, a single with no restrictions between Glasgow and Edinburgh is 12.5GBP. A ticket for CrossCountry only is 8.5GBP. Similarly look out for Avanti West Coast only fares between the south and Scotland or Greater Anglia only fares between Cambridge and London. However, tickets restricted by a specific operator can not usually be excessed, except in special circumstances.

Break of Journey

Most tickets (other than advance tickets) allows you to break your journey as many times as you like within the day. So if you're going from A to C but getting off at B on the way, and B is on a valid route between A and C, you only need one ticket rather than two separate ones.

Chegirmalar

Discounts are available for:

• Children - up to the age of 15, normally a half fare
• Small Groups – of between 3 and 9 people
• Large Groups – 10 or more people
• Railcards – discount cards for certain groups
• Regional Railcards – offering discounts within a specific region
• Some European railway staff

Temir yo'l vagonlari

A Two Together Railcard with the photos blanked out

The most widely used system of discounts on National Rail are Railcards. These provide a discount of 1/3 off nearly any off-peak ticket (although a minimum fare is charged for short journeys below a certain ticket price). Railcards cannot be used for Eurostar fares. Railcards can be purchased from any station ticket office (after completing a form and providing of proof of eligibility and a photograph) or onlayn. Although these are primarily intended for British citizens, the discounts offered makes them useful for visitors to Britain who plan to travel a lot by train; if you are spending more than about £90 then the railcard would pay for itself. Some railcards are available in digital form where an image of the railcard is displayed through a mobile phone app; if you want one, be sure to state it when you apply for one online.

• 16-25 Railcard offers a discount of 1/3 on most tickets for anyone aged 16 to 25 and full-time students of any age (with a suitably stamped form from a university). £30 per year or £70 for three years.
• 26-30 Railcard offers a discount of 1/3 on most tickets for anyone aged 26 to 30. £30 per year, only available as a mobile 'app'.
• Family & Friends Railcard offers a discount of 1/3 on adult fares and 60% on child fares. Up to four adults and four children can travel on one Family & Friends Railcard. At least one named cardholder and one child must be travelling together for the whole journey. £30 per year or £70 for three years.
• Senior Railcard Offers a discount of 1/3 on most tickets for anyone aged 60 or over. £30 per year or £70 for three years.
• Two Together Railcard New card introduced in 2014 offering a discount of 1/3 for two named people (over 16) travelling together. Both people must have their photos on the card, and must stay together for the whole journey. If you change travelling companion you have to buy a new railcard.
• Network Railcard An unusual relic of the pre-privatisation British Rail era: it is a geographically specific railcard that relates to the now obsolete 'Network SouthEast', the British Rail brand for the region of trains that radiate from London and the south east of England. It offers a discount of 1/3 on most tickets for the cardholder and up to three other adults(restrictions apply Monday to Friday) and up to four children, aged 5 to 15 can save 60% on the child fare. Costs £28 a year.
• Devon & Cornwall Railcard Another geographic railcard that is only available to people resident in Devon or Cornwall. The card costs just £12 for a year, and gives one third off most Standard Class Off-Peak and Off-Peak Day train tickets across Devon and Cornwall. One accompanying adult also receives one-third off their ticket and you can take up to four accompanying children (aged 5–15) for a flat fare of £1 each (£2 for Day Ranger tickets). The accompanying adult and/or children bunday qilma have to be residents of Devon or Cornwall.
• Disabled Persons Railcard Offers a discount of 1/3 to eligible disabled or mobility restricted passengers. £20 for one year or £54 for three years.
• HM Forces Railcard A similar 1/3 discount available to serving members of the British armed forces and their families. It can only be obtained from military facilities and cannot be purchased at a station.

Mavsumiy chiptalar

Commuters can get savings similar to those offered by a railcard (but at any time of day) by purchasing a season ticket. These are available from staffed ticket offices and ticket machines for a fixed route between any two stations you specify.

If a friend or family member has an annual "Gold Card" season ticket, they can purchase tickets for you to travel together at a discount. When travelling with children, this can often be a substantial discount.

Temir yo'l uzatmalari

There are three principal types of rail pass available to visitors to the UK which permit inclusive rail travel throughout the UK. Supplements are normally payable for Eurostar and sleeper trains.

• InterRail is a pass for EU citizens. Two different Interrail passes cover the UK. Interrail Great Britain is valid for travel throughout England, Scotland and Wales, while Interrail Ireland is valid for travel in Northern Ireland and the Republic.
• Britrail can be purchased by any non-UK resident, but must be purchased online or in your home nation before you depart for the UK. Britrail passes cover travel in Great Britain, but emas Northern Ireland.
• Eurail is a pass for non-EU citizens that is valid for travel in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, along with most other countries in Europe.

Qarang Evropa temir yo'llari o'tadi qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.

Ranger & Rover tickets

A relic of the nationalised British Rail era, Ranger va Rover tickets are tickets that permit unlimited travel with relatively few restrictions over a defined geographical area for a period of anything from one to fourteen days, including options such as "three days in seven". There are numerous regions available, with a full list of tickets (with their terms and conditions) on National Rail's page. These tickets include Rovers for almost every region of the UK, but notable tickets include:

• All Line Rover - These national Rovers allow 7 or 14 days travel on almost all scheduled rail services throughout England, Scotland and Wales. As of June 2019, they cost £526 (7 days) or £796 (14 days) for standard class, and £796 (7 days) or £1216 (14 days) for 1st class, with discounts for children and railcard holders.
• Spirit of Scotland Travelpass: 4 days in 8 or 8 days in 15 - £134 and £179 respectively, with concessions for children and railcard holders.

Ticket add-ons

• PlusBus. An add-on ticket, which can be purchased with National Rail train tickets in Great Britain. It allows unlimited travel on participating bus operators' services, and in some cases trams, in the whole urban area of rail-served towns and cities (notably except London). You can either buy the PlusBus ticket at the same time you buy your train ticket, or you may show your valid train ticket at your destination's ticket office if you decide to buy PlusBus on arrival. You can buy PlusBus from any Ticket Office, by phone or at ticket machines operated by Abellio Greater Anglia, East Midlands Trains, South Western Railway and Southern. Several operators now allow you to buy PlusBus from their website. The best value PlusBus tickets tend to be for major metropolitan cities since the ticket often covers the whole metropolitan area for a fraction of the cost of a normal day ticket. Between £1.60 and £3.50, depending on destination. (yangilangan 2017 yil mart)
• Travelcards are an option for most regional services in the South East, offering a return journey to London and then unlimited travel by bus, train, underground, tram, or DLR within Greater London. For example, an Oxford to London off-peak day return costs £26.60 without a travelcard. However, the day travelcard would cost £31.30, giving unlimited travel around London for less than £5.
• Weekend First upgrades allow the holder of a standard class ticket to upgrade to first class on Saturday and Sunday on certain long distance trains. The supplement is payable on the train to the conductor, subject to availability. Upgrades usually start at £5, but distance trains there is no complimentary at-seat service in first class at the weekend.

Poezddan foydalanish

The National Rail website has an information page for every railway station in Britain, with details of access, facilities, ticket office opening hours and recommended connection times. The 'live' Departures & Arrivals screen for every station can also be viewed online, with up-to-the-minute train running information.

At the station

Departure boards at London King's Cross station.

If you are unfamiliar with your journey, arrive at the station with time to spare. Stations in Britain are often architecturally significant, so if you are early, take the time to look around. Most stations have electronic departure screens listing trains in order of departure, platform, any delay, stations called at and the train operating company. At small or rural stations without electronic displays, signs will indicate which platform to wait on for trains to your destination. Platforms may not be announced until a few minutes before the train is due to depart, and can sometimes change if the train is delayed. Listen for audio announcements. Many stations now use automated subway-style ticket barriers: you insert your ticket face up, left end (with the arrows logo) first into the first slot facing you; your ticket is then returned from the slot on the top of the machine, and the act of taking it causes the barrier to open. In some cases, you either scan the ticket (if it has a barcode) or, in London, tap an Oyster card on a reader. Platform staff are always in attendance with these barriers and can also advise where to stand if you are travelling with a bicycle.

British trains do not have publicly announced numbers; they are identified at each station by their scheduled departure time (using the 24-hour clock) and destination (e.g. "The 14:15 to Manchester Piccadilly"). If there is a delay to the train's departure, the original scheduled departure time is still used to identify it. Only a few trains carry names, such as "The Flying Scotsman" between London King's Cross and Edinburg, "The Northern Lights" between London King's Cross and Aberdin va "The Highland Chieftain" between London King's Cross and Inverness.

While at the station, be aware of what's going on around you. Try not to get in the way, make sure you stand well back from the platform edge (there is usually a yellow line to stand behind), and do not use flash photography, as this can distract drivers, and front-line staff.

Poyezdga chiqish

If you have a seat reservation, watch the outside of the train as it arrives for your coach number (some major stations will have signs on the platform telling you where to wait). Coach A may be at the front or back of the train (depending on direction it's travelling in), and some letters may not be included (A-B-C-E, for example). Be careful to distinguish between the coach number and seat number: some seat numbers include the letters A (airline-style), F (facing direction of travel) or B (back to direction of travel). Most trains have power-operated doors, however you must press a button to open it, and they close automatically when the train leaves. There may be a significant gap between the train and the platform edge. If the weather is cold and you are the last person to board, it is polite to press the 'close door' button to prevent cold weather coming in. On older trains with manual doors (particularly sleeper carriages and InterCity 125 trains), you open the door from the outside by pulling the handle downwards and pulling the door open. Close the door behind you and make sure it shuts properly (the handle will return to a horizontal position). When getting off, slide down the window and open the door with the external handle (having no internal handle was a safety feature aimed to prevent doors being opened with the train moving, although nowadays the doors are always locked when the train is moving).

Finding your seat

Standard-class interior of Class 221 Super Voyager operated by CrossCountry. On this train, seat reservations appear on the display above each pair of seats. Others may use paper tags inserted into each headrest.

Seat reservations are marked either with paper tags on the headrest or an electronic display above the window, as well as on your reservation ticket. Usually not all seats are reserved unless the train is very busy - if a seat has no tag, it is unreserved and any ticket-holder can sit there. However, remember that unless you also have a seat reservation, your ticket does not guarantee you a seat. The reservation tag or display at each seat will specify the stations between which the seat is reserved (e.g. "DUNDEE - YORK"). If you do not have a reservation and all the seats appear to be reserved, look for one where the reservation starts at a station the train has not reached yet (and be prepared to move seats when it reaches there), or where the reservation ends at a station already called at. It is usual on most long-distance services to have an unreserved carriage, although if you are not joining at the start of the train's journey, seating may be limited, especially if travelling with others.

Keep your ticket and any reservation, pass and/or railcard with you when you move about the train (e.g. to go to the toilet or buffet car), as you may be asked to show it by the train guard or ticket inspector. Bundan tashqari, sizga mo'ljallangan stantsiyadagi platformadan chiqish uchun kerak bo'lishi mumkin, chunki ko'plab stantsiyalarda metro uslubidagi chipta to'siqlari qo'llanilmoqda. Agar siz ulardan birida chiptangizni topa olmasangiz, unda siz katta muammolarga duch kelasiz va katta jarima va yangi to'liq chiptaning narxi uchun javobgar bo'lasiz. To'siqlar saqlanib qolguncha yoki bekatni tark etguningizcha chiptangizni doimo ushlab turing!

Vokzal to'xtash joylari odatda jamoat manzillari tizimi orqali yoki vagonda harakatlanuvchi elektron displeylarda e'lon qilinadi.

Bagaj bilan sayohat qilish

Turli xil poezdlar bagaj uchun joy qancha bo'lishiga qarab farq qiladi. Deyarli barcha poezdlarda (shu jumladan, barcha shaharlararo) kichik ryukzak, portfel, noutbuk sumkasi yoki boshqa kichik yuklar kabi kichik narsalarga mos keladigan tepa tokchalar mavjud. Shaharlararo va mintaqaviy poyezdlarda kattaroq chamadonlar uchun mos keladigan yuk javonlari mavjud. Biroq, bular yuk javonlari tezda to'ldiriladi va uzoq masofali xizmatlarda odatda hamma uchun joy etarli emas, shuning uchun bo'sh joy olish uchun imkon qadar erta poezdga o'ting. Agar siz javonlardan joy ololmasangiz va u erdagi narsalarni qayta tashkil qilish yordam bermasa, siz topishingiz mumkin bo'lgan joylarga yukingizni siqib qo'yishingizga to'g'ri keladi. Bu vestibyul oralig'ida va har bir vagonning uchlarida bo'lishi mumkin. Poyezd xodimlari bagajni yo'laklar va eshiklarni to'sib qo'yishiga toqat qilmaydilar (bu favqulodda vaziyatda xavfli) va o'ta og'ir holatlarda, agar bu to'siq bo'lsa, uni shunchaki keyingi bekatdagi platformaga tashlab qo'yish mumkin. Qarovsiz yuklarni o'g'irlash muammosi bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun o'zingizni diqqat bilan kuzatib boring.

Ba'zi bir poezdlarda, ayniqsa shaharlararo xizmatlarda maxsus bo'lishi mumkin yuk maydoni bu sizning katta sumkangiz bo'lsa foydali bo'lishi mumkin. Masalan, CrossCountry's Voyager D poezdida yuklarning maydoni bor (har xil ishlatiladigan poezdlar haqida quyidagi bo'limga qarang). London King's Cross-ga LNER-ning shaharlararo xizmatlarida, agar siz ushbu poezdning oxirigacha borsangiz (masalan, Londondan Lids, Edinburg, Aberdin yoki Invernessgacha) sumkangizni bagaj joyiga qo'yishingiz mumkin. yoki Londonga istalgan joydan). Poezd qo'riqchisidan yoki platforma xodimlaridan so'rang. Ularning ustiga InterCity 225 poezdlar yukini yuk vagonida / haydash vagonida poezdning qarama-qarshi uchida, quvvat vagonidan / lokomotividan saqlash mumkin. In InterCity 125 xizmatlar, uni qo'riqchi hududida B murabbiyi oxirida, elektr mashinaning yonida saqlash mumkin (LNER xizmatlarida A murabbiyi yo'q).

Oziq-ovqat va ichimlik

Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini temir yo'l tarmog'ida olish o'zgaruvchan tajriba bo'lishi mumkin. Ko'plab uzoq masofali xizmatlar bufet mashinasini snack bar yoki kichik do'kon bilan ta'minlaydi, boshqalari esa sizning o'rningizga g'ildirakli aravachali xizmat ko'rsatishi mumkin. Ko'pgina hollarda, tetiklantiruvchi mahsulotlar qadoqlangan sendvichlar, issiq va alkogolsiz ichimliklar, mevalar va qandolatchilik mahsulotlaridan tashqarida qolmaydi. Uels uchun transport, Holyhead va Cardiff o'rtasidagi biznes-klass xizmatida to'liq uch martalik ovqatni o'z ichiga oladi. LNER va Avanti West Coast ko'plab xizmatlar bo'yicha birinchi darajali yo'lovchilar uchun engil ovqatlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Mahalliy xizmatlarda umuman ovqatlanish mavjud emas.

Faqat Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l to'liq vagonni taklif qiladi va bular Pullman xizmatlar faqat London-Plimut va London-Suonsi yo'nalishlari bo'yicha cheklangan miqdordagi poezdlarda ishlaydi. GWR restoranlari taklif qiladi alakart tegishli oshpaz tomonidan tayyorlangan taomlar va "kumush xizmat". Bo'sh joylar cheklangan va narxlar baland, ammo sizga yoqimli taomni taklif qilsangiz arziydi. Garchi birinchi darajali yo'lovchilarga ustuvor ahamiyat berilgan bo'lsa-da, bo'sh joy bo'lsa, standart sinf yo'lovchilari restoranda ovqatlanishlari mumkin. Qaramay Pullman nomi, ovqatlanish birinchi darajali vagonlarda beriladi.

Kaledoniya shpalida ichimliklar va yengil ovqatlar bilan ta'minlanadigan "klub" avtomobili mavjud. Night Riviera Sleeper-ning dam olish mashinasida bar va snack counter mavjud.

Xususiy charterlar, temir yo'l ekskursiyalari va merosga mo'ljallangan temir yo'llar ba'zi xizmatlarda, hattoki Pullmanning vaqti-vaqti bilan dam olishida, garchi premium chipta narxida bo'lsa ham, vagonlarda ovqatlanish tajribalarini taklif qilishi mumkin.

Buyuk Britaniyaning temir yo'l tarmog'idagi ko'plab stantsiyalarda ovqatlanish shoxobchalari mavjud. Ayrim stantsiyalarda yo'lovchilar va mahalliy aholining savdosi bilan shug'ullanadigan mustaqil shaxslar faoliyat ko'rsatayotgan bo'lsa-da, tez ovqatlanish franshizalari, kofe zanjirlari yoki do'konlar do'konlari odatiy holdir. Asosiy terminilar yoki markazlar savdo shoxobchalarining katta assortimentiga ega. "Marks" va "Spencer" do'konlari odatda stantsiyadagi eng yaxshi oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar turlarini taklif qiladilar, ammo eng qimmat tomoni shundaki. Stantsiyalarda to'liq xizmat ko'rsatadigan restoranlar, shuningdek platformadagi pablar ham kamdan-kam uchraydi. Ba'zi terminus stantsiyalari restoranlarni taklif qiladigan katta temir yo'l mehmonxonalari yonida joylashgan.

Agar siz yeb-ichadigan narsangiz borligiga amin bo'lishni istasangiz, o'zingiznikini olib keling. O'zingizning ovqatingizni yoki ichimliklaringizni olib kelishda cheklovlar kam. Spirtli ichimliklar Shotlandiyaning temir yo'l tarmog'ida biron bir joyda taqiqlangan, shuningdek Londonda TfL xizmatlarida taqiqlangan.

Hojatxonalar

Ko'pgina poezd xizmatlari bortida hojatxonalar mavjud, faqat bir necha qisqa masofali qatnovchi poezdlar bundan mustasno. Ta'minlash har xil, lekin odatda har ikki vagon bor. Aksariyat poezdlarda kamida bitta nogironlar aravachasida ishlaydigan WC mavjud va ular odatda bolani o'zgartiradigan stolga ega, u devordan pastga tushadi. Tozalik darajasi Buyuk Britaniyadagi boshqa ommaviy ovlarning standartlari haqida; ular yaxshiroq bo'lishi mumkin, ammo ular jirkanch emas.

Tualetda elektr eshik bo'lgan joyda, odatda eshikni qulflash uchun alohida tugma mavjud, uni eshikni yopib qo'yadiganga qo'shimcha ravishda bosish kerak. Agar siz ushbu tugmani bosmasangiz, siz ichkarida bo'lganingizda eshikni tashqaridan odamlar ochishi mumkin. Xuddi shunday, siz qulfni ochish tugmachasini bosmasdan tashqariga chiqish uchun eshikni ocholmaysiz.

Ba'zan hojatxonalar poyezd o'zining terminalida o'tirganda ishlatilmay qoladi. Agar umidsiz bo'lsangiz, bunday bo'lishidan oldin boring.

Stantsiyalar

London Sent-Pankras Xalqaro, Buyuk Britaniyaning Eurostar tezyurar poyezdining terminali va shaharlararo poezdlar uchun ichki terminali shimolga. "Lester", Nottingem va Sheffild va tezyurar poezdlar janubga Kent.

London metrosi, Glasgow metro, Tayn va Wear Metro va Docklands Light Railway kabi shahar tezkor tranzit tizimlarini hisobga olmaganda, Buyuk Britaniyada taxminan 2560 temir yo'l stantsiyalari mavjud. Barcha stantsiyalar davlatga qarashli Network Rail-ga tegishli bo'lib, ular yirik stantsiyalarning kundalik ishlashini ham boshqaradi (masalan, Edinburg Uaverli). Boshqalari esa stantsiyani ishlatish, saqlash va xodimlar bilan ta'minlash uchun mas'ul bo'lgan poezdlarni ekspluatatsiya qiluvchi kompaniyaga ijaraga beriladi. Stantsiyalar o'zlarining binolarida turlicha (National Rail veb-saytidagi ma'lumotlarga qarang), ammo siz terrorizm xavfi tufayli yirik stantsiyalarda axlat qutisi / axlat qutisini topishda qiynalishingiz mumkin.

Aksariyat stantsiyalar shaharlar yoki shaharlarning markazida yoki yurish masofasida joylashgan. Biroq, tugaydigan stantsiya Parkway (masalan, Bristol Parkway, East Midlands Parkway) katta avtoturargohga ega, shuning uchun yo'lovchilar unga borishlari va keyin poezdga chiqishlari mumkin: demak, bu shahar / shahar markazidan uzoqda, ko'pincha uzoq shahar atrofi yoki hatto hech qanday joyda yo'q . Agar stantsiyalarni tanlash imkoniyati mavjud bo'lsa, agar siz boradigan joy shahar markazi bo'lsa, Parkway stantsiyasidan tushmang - masalan, Bristolning markazi uchun Bristol Parkway-da emas, balki Bristol Temple Meads-da tushasiz. Istisno, agar siz avtobus qatnoviga qarab yo'nalishga ulansangiz. Masalan, avtobuslar Luton Airport Parkway-dan Luton Airport-ga qatnaydi.

Viktoriya davriga oid ko'plab stantsiyalar, masalan Londondagi mashhur Pankras, me'morchilik jihatidan juda ta'sirli va siz poezdda sayohat qilmasangiz ham, ko'rinishga ega bo'lishingiz kerak.

Londonning yirik stantsiyalari

London vokzallari orasidagi aloqani o'z ichiga olgan sayohatni amalga oshirishda chiptalar odatda London metrosi xizmatlarida sayohat qilish imkoniyatini beradi. XIX asrda Londonning markaziga juda yaqin temir yo'l terminallarini qurish noqonuniy deb topilgan, chunki bu tarixiy binolarni xavf ostiga qo'yishi mumkin edi. Natijada, ularning aksariyati o'sha paytda markazdan tashqarida bo'lgan halqada qurilgan, ammo 20-asrda Londonning kengayishidan keyin uning ichida juda ko'p narsa bo'lgan. Qalin turi faqat terminalda joylashgan stantsiyani bildiradi; aksariyat London stantsiyalari terminidir, chunki poytaxtni bir necha chiziq kesib o'tadi.

Yirik mintaqaviy stantsiyalar

Edinburg Waverley - Buyuk Britaniyaning eng gavjum bekatlaridan biri.

Bristol Temple Meads - Bristol shahridagi asosiy stantsiya

Tashqarida London, National Rail quyidagilarni yo'lovchilar ko'pincha ko'p oyoqli sayohatlarda poezdlarni almashtirishlari kerak bo'lgan asosiy bog'lovchi stantsiyalar ro'yxatiga kiritdi.

Poyezdlar va harakatlanuvchi tarkib

Aksariyat poezdlar zamonaviy, qulay va nogironlar uchun qulaydir, garchi ayniqsa, shahar poezdlarida va eski harakatlanuvchi tarkibda, baland bo'yli odamlar oyoq joyini muammosiga duch kelishadi. So'nggi o'n yil ichida amalga oshirilgan katta sarmoyalardan so'ng, barchasi juda yangi yoki shu vaqt ichida har tomonlama yangilangan. Yo'lovchi poezdlarini olib ketayotgan ko'plab an'anaviy lokomotivlarni ko'rmaysiz (agar siz shpal poyezdlaridan birida sayohat qilmasangiz), chunki aksariyat xizmatlar hozirda bir nechta bloklar tomonidan boshqariladi. Hali ham lokomotivlardan foydalanadiganlar odatda a itarish orqa tarafdagi ikkinchi lokomotiv yoki kuchga ega bo'lmagan harakatlanuvchi treyler bilan poezdni "orqaga" haydashga imkon beradigan va chiziq oxirida lokomotivlarni aylanib o'tish zarurligini tugatgan holda konfiguratsiya. Bir qator temir yo'l safari yoki bug 'charter poezdlari hanuzgacha olib borilmoqda.

Taxminan uchdan bir qismi elektrlashtirilgandan so'ng, dizel poezdlari tez-tez uchraydi (shu jumladan shaharlararo xizmatlarda), lekin energiya manbaidan qat'i nazar, bir xil yuqori tezlikka erishiladi. Britaniya poezdlarida sinf raqami bor, lekin ko'pchilik ularni ism bilan murojaat qiladi (masalan, "Men bugun Pendolinolardan birida edim"). Ushbu bo'limda siz ko'proq foydalanishi kerak bo'lgan poezdlar va siz kutishingiz mumkin bo'lgan narsalar haqida ma'lumot beriladi. U erda kamroq tarqalgan sinflar, xususan mahalliy va mintaqaviy xizmatlarda bir necha qismli elektr poezdlari mavjud.

Yuqori tezlikdagi xizmat

395-sinf "Nayza" poyezdi

HS1 Buyuk Britaniyaning yagona operatsion tizimidir tezyurar temir yo'lva havolalar London Kanal tunneliga qadar Sankt-Pankras. Xalqaro Eurostar xizmatlaridan tashqari, Janubi-Sharqiy Highspeed Yaponiyada Xitachi tomonidan qurilgan mahalliy tezyurar poezdni boshqaradi. Rasmiy ravishda 395-sinf belgilangan, ammo odatda Nayza, "mini Shinkansens" London o'rtasida 140 milya (230 km / soat) gacha yuradi, Ebbsfleet, Eshford, Canterbury, Dover va boshqa shaharlar Kent. Bu "Britaniyaning eng tezkor" poezdi sifatida sotiladi, ammo Eurostar poezdlari tezroq sayohat qilishadi. Javelin xizmatining chiptalari boshqa janubi-sharqiy xizmatlarga qaraganda bir necha funtga qimmatroq, ammo bu Kent va London o'rtasida sayohat qilishning eng tezkor usuli, chunki okrugda boshqa shaharlararo yo'nalishlar yo'q. 395-da 6 ta vagon mavjud, garchi ikkita to'plam birlashtirilib, 12 ta vagon poezdini tashkil qilishi mumkin. Javelin taxallusi ularning kelib chiqishi 2012 yilda Olimpiya parki uchun tezyurar transport xizmati sifatida paydo bo'lgan Stratford; 24 ta bo'linma Britaniyalik olimpiyachilar va paralimpiyachilar nomiga berilgan.

Shaharlararo xizmatlar

Buyuk Britaniyadagi shaharlararo poezdlar odatda 125 milya (soatiga 201 km) tezlikda harakatlanadi (HS1 tashqari barcha yo'nalishlar uchun maksimal tezlik) va eng ko'p imkoniyatlarga, shu jumladan simsiz Internetga ulanishga va ko'pincha samolyot do'koniga ega. yoki bufet. Ba'zi shaharlararo xizmatlardan (masalan, Shotlandiyadagi shaharlar o'rtasida) foydalaniladi Turbostar Quyidagi mintaqaviy bo'limda tavsiflangan poezdlar.

Intercity Express poezdi va Azuma

800-sinf Shaharlararo tezyurar poezd Great Western Railway tomonidan boshqariladigan Norton Fitzwarrenda

800 seriyali (800, 801, 802 sinf) Xitachi tomonidan Italiyaning Durham okrugida qurilgan va tarmoqning bir necha asosiy yo'nalishlarida joylashgan shaharlararo poezdlardir. 800-sinf shambolik uslubda Great Western Railway (GWR) xizmatlarida 2017 yil 16-oktabrda, birinchi xizmat Londonning Paddington shahriga bir necha texnik nosozliklar sababli deyarli bir soat kechikib kelganida kiritilgan. Ular LNER xizmatlarida 2019 yil may oyida taqdim etilgan.

Ularga nom berildi Shaharlararo tezyurar poezd (IET) tomonidan Great Western va Azuma (bu degani sharq yapon tilida; nayza poezdlari singari, ushbu to'plamlarda LNER tomonidan Yaponiyaning Shinkansen texnologiyasi qo'llaniladi. 800 ta sinf mavjud ikki rejim - ular mavjud bo'lgan joylarda elektr uzatish liniyalarida harakat qilishadi va ular bo'lmagan joylarda polli dizel dvigatellariga o'tishni boshlashadi. 802-sinf shunchaki kuchliroq dizel dvigatellari va katta yonilg'i baklariga ega 800-sinf poezdlari. 801-sinflar toza elektropoyezdlardir. Poyezdlar beshta, to'qqiz yoki o'nta vagonlarga ega va elektr rejimida 125 milya (201 km / soat) va dizel rejimida 100 milya (160 km / soat) tezlikda harakatlanadi.

Har bir vagonda har bir uchida bagaj tokchalari va o'rindiqlar ustida katta yuk tokchalari mavjud, stollar va aviakompaniya uslubidagi o'rindiqlar elektr rozetkalari bilan jihozlangan. Poezdlar qattiq, tik o'rindiqlar uchun tanqid qilindi, ammo ular ko'plab shahar ichi poyezdlarga qaraganda yaxshi oyoq va keng ichki makonlarni taklif qilishadi. GWR aksariyat IET xizmatlarida tetiklantiruvchi aravachani taklif qiladi, LNER-ning Azuma xizmatlarida esa bufet mavjud. O'n vagonli poyezdlar birlashtirilgan ikkita ikkita vagonli poezddan tashkil topgan va agar sizda yo'lovchilar uchun joy bo'lsa yoki GWR-ning Pullman restoranidan foydalanmoqchi bo'lsangiz, to'g'ri uchastkaga o'tirish juda zarur, chunki poezdlar o'rtasida o'tish joyi yo'q.

InterCity 125

InterCity 125 (HST), dunyodagi eng tezkor dizel poezdi.

Bir paytlar Britaniyaning shaharlararo tarmog'ining asosi bo'lib, uning o'rnini "Inter City Express" yoki Azuma birliklari egallagan, "HST" ("Tezyurar poyezd" qisqartirilgan) yoki InterCity 125lar hali ham Buyuk Britaniya bo'ylab shaharlararo va shaharlararo mintaqaviy xizmatlarda, shimoliy Shotlandiyadan Londongacha va Angliyaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan.

British Rail-ning bir nechta muhim yutuqlaridan biri bo'lgan poezdlar 1970-yillarning oxirlarida 125 milya (201 km / soat) dizel yoqilg'isi xizmatini yo'lga qo'yishdi va hanuzgacha dizel poezdida tezlikni qayd etishmoqda. Baxtsiz hodisalar sababli hisobdan chiqarilgan uchtadan tashqari, ularning barchasi mukammal dizayni tufayli qirq yildan ortiq vaqt davomida xizmat qilishgan va ba'zilari 2020 yilgacha ishlaydi. Hammasi so'nggi o'n yil ichida mukammal ta'mirlangan va ichkarisida butunlay yangi. Ularda ko'plab zamonaviy poezdlarga qaraganda ko'proq yuk ombori mavjud, vagonning har ikki uchida katta javon mavjud. Barchasida sokin murabbiy bor, aksariyatida noutbuklarni / uyali telefonlarni zaryad qilish uchun plaginlar va issiq va sovuq ovqat va ichimliklar beradigan foydali bufet mashinasi mavjud. To'liq o'lchamdagi InterCity 125 to'plami ettita yoki sakkizta vagonlardan va ikkita kuchli avtomashinalardan iborat (har birida bittadan), ammo ScotRail va GWR qisqa formatsiyalar ostida ishlaydi "Inter7City" va "Qal'aning sinfi" navbati bilan nomlari. Poezdlar avtomatik elektr eshiklari bilan o'zgartirilmoqda, ammo o'zgartirilmagan poezdlar tashqi eshiklarini faqat tashqi tomondan eshik tutqichli menteşeli: eshikni ichkaridan ochish uchun siz derazadan pastga siljiysiz va qo'l uzatasiz.

InterCity 225

Uch InterCity 225 London King's Cross-da poezdlar

Agar siz LNER-ning shaharlararo xizmatlarida London King's Cross va York yoki Lids, ehtimol siz 1990 yilda kiritilgan ushbu elektropoyezdlardan birida bo'lishingiz mumkin. Ular 225 km / soat (140 milya) ga mo'ljallangan, shuning uchun shunday nomlangan, ammo ular chiziqning tezligi 125 milya (201 km / soat) bilan cheklangan. , chunki xavfsizlik sababli Buyuk Britaniyada 125 mildan yuqori tezlikda harakatlanadigan barcha poezdlar kabinada signalizatsiyaga ega bo'lishi kerak va u shu paytgacha tarmoqning ko'p qismida o'rnatilmagan. The InterCity 225 To'plamlarda to'qqizta vagon surish-tortish konfiguratsiyasida ishlaydi, uning shimoliy qismida elektrovoz va Londonning oxirida furgon bor. Hammasi InterCity 225lar har tomonlama yangilangan va elektr bilan boshqariladigan eshiklari, issiq va sovuq ovqat va ichimliklar bilan jihozlangan bufet mashinasi, ulanish nuqtalari va qulay o'rindiqlarga ega (ularning ko'pchiligida oilalar yoki guruhlar uchun yaxshi stollar mavjud). Murabbiy B - sokin murabbiy. Bunga o'xshash katta yuk javonlari mavjud InterCity 125s, lekin ular hali ham tezda to'ldiriladi, shuning uchun iloji boricha erta bortga o'ting.

Pendolino

390-sinf Pendolino Tamvort orqali tezlikni oshiradi

Sinf 390 Pendolino Londonning Euston, shimoliy g'arbiy Angliya va Glazgo o'rtasidagi G'arbiy sohil magistral yo'nalishidagi elektr shaharlararo burilish poezdi. 2000-yillarning boshlarida taqdim etilgan va italyan tilt texnologiyasidan foydalangan holda (shunday nomlangan), ular 125 milya (201 km / soat) tezlikda harakat qilishadi; ammo InterCity 225 singari, 125 milya (201 km / soat) ga mo'ljallangan edi, garchi ularda kabina signalizatsiyasi mavjud emas, shuning uchun cheklov) va burchaklarni 8 darajagacha burab qo'ying. Ularda jurnallar / gazetalar, issiq va sovuq gazaklar va ichimliklar sotadigan kichik bort do'koni mavjud. Murabbiy A - standart sinfdagi sokin murabbiy, birinchi sinfdagi H murabbiy. Pendolinoslar 9 vagonli poezdlar sifatida qurilgan, ammo hozirda ko'plari 11 vagonga etkazilgan. 2007 yilda nosoz trek a Pendolino Kumbriyadagi Grayriggda relsdan chiqib ketish uchun yuqori tezlikda sayohat qilish. Faqat bitta odam halok bo'ldi, chunki o'lim soni yuqoriroq emas, chunki bu qismning avariyaga layoqati. Biroq, juda mustahkamlangan korpus barcha o'rindiqlarning derazasiga ega emasligini anglatadi.

Voyager va Super Voyager

220-sinf Voyager Nyuton Abbot-da, CrossCountry tomonidan boshqariladi

220-sinf Voyager va 221-sinf Super Voyager 2001 yil atrofida yo'lga qo'yilgan shaharlararo dizel poezdlari; Super Voyager asosan tezroq tezlikni ta'minlash uchun burmalar atrofida aylanayotganda farq qiladi. CrossCountry va Avanti West Coast tomonidan boshqariladigan ular odatda to'rt yoki beshta vagonga ega va 125 milya (soatiga 201 km) tezlikda harakat qilishadi. Har bir aravada tagida dvigatel bor, shuning uchun boshqalar kabi jim bo'lmang. Yuk ko'tarish javonlari juda nozik va ba'zi boshqa poezdlar singari bagaj uchun joy yo'q. Bokira qizi Voyajerlar kabi foydali do'kon / bufetga ega bo'ling Pendolino Ammo CrossCountry birliklari faqat tartibsiz aravachalar xizmatiga ega, garchi ba'zilari juda uzoq masofani bosib o'tishadi (masalan, Aberdin - Penzance). 222-sinf Meridian East Midlands poezdlarida xizmatlar juda o'xshash, chunki u xuddi shu ishlab chiqaruvchi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va shuningdek, soatiga 125 km / s tezlikda harakatlanadi, ammo u 7 vagongacha ancha uzoqroq bo'lishi mumkin, torroq va u shunday do'kon / bufet.

Mintaqaviy, mahalliy va shahar xizmatlari

Turbostar / Elektrostar

170-sinf Turbostar (chapda). O'ng tomonda InterCity 225.

Bombardier-ning dizel turbostar va elektr Electrostar ko'p agregatlari 1990-yillarda temir yo'l xususiylashtirilgandan buyon Buyuk Britaniyada qurilgan eng ko'p sonli poezdlardir. Turbostarlar 100 milya tezlikda (160 km / soat tezlikda harakatlanishi mumkin - Turbostarsdagi har bir vagon tagida dvigatelni eshitasiz) va butun Buyuk Britaniyada ko'plab poezd kompaniyalari tomonidan elektr bilan ishlaydi. Elektrostar versiyasi asosan Angliyaning janubi-sharqida uchraydi. 170, 171 va 172-sinflar Turbostar poezdlar mahalliy, mintaqaviy va ba'zi shaharlararo xizmatlarda ishlaydi va odatda raqamli axborot displeylari va avtomatlashtirilgan e'lonlarga ega. Trolley xizmati bo'lishi mumkin, ammo bufet yo'q va hammasida plagin mavjud emas. Ularning ikkitadan to'rttagacha murabbiylari bor va ba'zan uzoqroq poezd qilish uchun birlashadilar. So'nggi o'n yilda Angliyaning janubiy va janubi-sharqidagi keksa bo'linmalarning o'rnini bosish uchun ishlab chiqarilgan elektrostarlar o'xshash. 357, 375, 376, 377, 378 va 379-sinflar Elektrostar poezdlar u erda va shunga o'xshash mintaqaviy va shahar transporti xizmatlarini ko'rsatadilar Turbostar 100 milya (160 km / soat) ga yetishi mumkin, ammo tezroq tezlashganda (elektr). Bilan bo'lgani kabi Turbostar, trolleybus xizmati bo'lishi mumkin, ammo bagaj oralig'i shaharlararo poezdga o'xshamaydi.

Express Sprinter

158-sinf Express Sprinter

158 va 159-sinflar Express Sprinter 1990 yil atrofida British Rail tomonidan joriy qilingan va o'rta va uzoq masofali mintaqaviy xizmatlar uchun mo'ljallangan. Ular har bir vagon ostida dizel dvigatel bilan 90 milya (140 km / soat) ga erisha oladilar va ayniqsa ScotRail va Angliyaning shimoliy, janubi-g'arbiy va g'arbiy qismidagi boshqa kompaniyalar tomonidan foydalaniladi. Ular tanishtirilganda juda obro'li edilar va sayohat juda yumshoq. Ularda yuk va yuk tashish uchun mo'ljallangan javonlar mavjud, ammo ular shaharlararo poyezdga o'xshamaydi. Dan farqli o'laroq Turbostar, eshiklar har bir vagonning oxirida, shuning uchun bekatda to'xtaganda sovuq havo kirmaydi, lekin ular yomon kunlarda tez-tez ishlamay qoladigan konditsionerlari bilan mashxur.

Sprinter va SuperSprinter

365-sinf Networker

Ushbu sinflar 1980-yillarda ishlab chiqarilgan dizel yoqilg'isining ko'p agregatlar oilasini tashkil etadi Express Sprinter bu oilaning so'nggi rivojlanishi). 150-sinf Sprinter 153 dan 156 sinfgacha bo'lgan poezdlar mahalliy xizmatlar yoki qishloq yo'nalishlari uchun ishlatiladi SuperSprinter yanada murakkab, qulay va uzoqroq marshrutlar uchun mos (masalan, go'zal G'arbiy tog'li chiziq) va ularning barchasi 75 milya (soatiga 120 km) ga etadi. Ularda konditsioner yo'q, ammo bu Britaniyada yilning ko'p qismida muammo tug'dirmaydi va ular qisqa masofali xizmatlarga mo'ljallangan.

Networker

Ushbu elektr ko'p blokli poezdlar (365, 465 va 466 sinflar) 1990-yillarning boshlarida kiritilgan. 365-sinf Networker Londonning shimolida va Angliyaning sharqida Buyuk Shimoliy xizmatlarni boshqaradi, atrof-muhit qulay, konditsioner va hk. 465 va 466-sinflar London tomonidan boshqariladigan mahalliy va shahar yo'llarida ishlatiladi va 75 milya (120 km) ga yetishi mumkin. / h) gilamlardan ko'ra zichroq o'tiradigan joylar va bardoshli pollar bilan uchinchi temir yo'ldan foydalanish. Shuningdek, 165 va 166 sinfdagi dizel versiyalarini topishingiz mumkin Tarmoq turbo, Londonning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan xizmatlarda.

Desiro

450 sinf Desiro

Ilgari barcha harakatlanuvchi tarkib Buyuk Britaniyada qurilgan edi, ammo Siemens (Germaniya) ko'plab yangi poezdlarni qurmoqda va keyinchalik ular bo'ylab jo'natiladi. Siemensning turli sinflarining legionlari Desiro Hozirgi kunda butun mamlakat bo'ylab elektrlashtirilgan liniyalarda (asosan Birmingem atrofidagi Midlend va Angliya janubida, Xempshirga xizmat ko'rsatish kabi) 100 milya (160 km / soat) ga qadar foydalaniladi va dizelning bir oz boshqacha ko'rinishini qo'llaydi. TransPennine Express xizmatlarida. Ularning barchasi juda tezlashishga moyildirlar (agar siz turgan bo'lsangiz, albatta ushlab turishingiz kerak), shuningdek konditsioner, gilam va elektron axborot tizimlari. 2012 yil oxirida London Midland o'z Desiros-ni 110 milya (177 km / soat) tezlikda London va Stok o'rtasida va undan tashqarida o'z xizmatlarida ishlatishni boshladi. Birinchi TransPennine Express shuningdek, Manchester-Edinburg va Glazgo yo'nalishlarida o'zlarining 185-sinf dizellari bilan bir qatorda 10-sinf 350 parkini boshqaradi.

142-sinf Pacer

Pacer

142, 143 va 144-sinflar Pacer 1980-yillarda lokomotivlar tashiydigan poezdlarga (va tobora eskirgan dizel temir yo'l vagonlariga) engil va qishloq yo'nalishlarida 75 milya (soatiga 120 km / soat) tezlikda tejamkor alternativani taqdim etish uchun ishlab chiqilgan, butun chiziqlarni yopish emas. Garchi ular olib qo'yilayotgan bo'lsa-da, ularni mahalliy xizmatlarda, xususan Angliyaning shimolida ko'rasiz va ular sizga avtobusni eslatishi mumkin. Badanning aksariyat qismi pulni va rivojlanish vaqtini tejash uchun avtobus tarkibiy qismlaridan foydalanganligi sababli. Ko'pchilik Pacers yangilangan va ichkarisida avvalgisiga qaraganda ancha qulayroq, ammo boshqalarnikiga qaraganda oddiyroq, chunki ular qisqa masofali xizmatlarga mo'ljallangan. Biroq, haydash sifati pastligi, tirnash xususiyati bilan baland dvigatellar va tashqi ko'rinishning umumiy shabbligi tufayli, Pacers Buyuk Britaniyada deyarli hamma uchun xor hisoblanadi. Ularni mavjudlik qonunchiligiga muvofiq samarali ravishda o'zgartirish mumkin emasligi sababli, almashtirish poyezdlarining kiritilishi kechikishi sababli ularning umri uzaytirilgan bo'lsa ham, ular 2020 yildan boshlab olib tashlanmoqda.

GWR "Qal'aning sinfi" qisqartirilgan HST.

Qal'aning sinfi

Uzoqroq sayohat qilish uchun mos keladigan dizel yoqilg'isidan iborat ko'p sonli poezdlarning etishmasligini qoplash uchun GWR shaharlararo mintaqaviy xizmatlari uchun "Castle Class" poezdlarini yaratish uchun ortiqcha InterCity 125-larini o'zgartirdi. Ushbu poyezdlar ikkita vagon o'rtasida to'rtta vagonga qisqartirildi va an'anaviy "slam" eshiklar elektr bilan ishlaydigan toymasin tashqi eshiklarga almashtirildi. Ular shaharlararo standart interyerlarini konditsioner va elektr rozetkalari bilan saqlaydilar, ammo bortida ovqatlanish joylari yo'q. Ushbu poezdlar Penzance, Plimut, Taunton va Kardiff o'rtasida to'xtash xizmatlarida foydalaniladi va soatiga 160 km / s tezlikda harakatlanadi.

Meros va bug 'temir yo'llari

Shuningdek qarang: Sanoat Angliya, meros temir yo'llari

Bluebell temir yo'li, Sheffield Park stantsiyasida.

Ehtimol, dunyodagi eng mashhur parovoz - Shotlandiyalik uchuvchi

1960-yillarda katta miqdordagi liniyalar yopilishi va bug 'lokomotivlari olib tashlanganidan so'ng, ixlosmandlar ortiqcha yoki tarixiy bug' lokomotivlari va eski harakatlanuvchi tarkibdan foydalanib, turistik joylar sifatida liniyalarni qayta ochishga kirishdilar. Siz Buyuk Britaniyaning turli joylarida o'nlab kishilarga tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin va ular bir kun davomida mashhurdir. Ba'zilar to'liq o'lchamdagi poezdlarda harakat qiladilar, boshqalari (masalan, Gvinedd, Uelsdagi Ffestiniog temir yo'li) tor o'lchagichdan foydalanadilar, boshqalari (masalan, Kentdagi Romni, Xayte va Dymchurch temir yo'llari) - bu kichik bug 'lokomotivlari bo'lgan to'liq miniatyura tizimlari. Ko'pchilik bug 'poezdlarini boshqarayotgan bo'lsa, ba'zilari dizel lokomotivlari yoki dizel vagonlaridan foydalanadilar. Bunday meros qatorlari orasida taniqli qatorlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

• The Bluebell temir yo'li orqali to'qqiz mil yuguradi Sharq va G'arbiy Sasseks, Milliy temir yo'l stantsiyasidan Sharqiy Grinstead. 30 dan ortiq parovozga ega va 50 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida bug 'bilan davlat xizmatini ko'rsatib kelmoqda. Bu film joyi sifatida tez-tez paydo bo'ldi.
• The Severn vodiysi temir yo'li orqali 16 milya (26 km) yuguradi Vorsestershir va Shropshir Angliyaning g'arbiy qismida, Milliy temir yo'l stantsiyasiga ulashgan Kidderminster. Dastlab Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'lning bir qismi bo'lib, bir nechta klassik dizel agregatlari qatorida turli xil bug 'poezdlari paydo bo'ladi.
• The Ravenglass va Eskdeyl temir yo'li miniatyura temir yo'lidir Kumbriya, dan boshlab Ravenglass Milliy temir yo'l tarmog'idagi stantsiya. Yo'l o'lchagichi atigi 15 dyuymni tashkil etadi, lokomotivlar esa to'liq o'lchamdagi asl nusxalarning miniatyura qilingan versiyasidir. u tabiiy tog'li mamlakat orqali etti milya yuradi.
• The Keyt va Dufftaun temir yo'li (shuningdek, "Viski chizig'i" nomi bilan ham tanilgan) 18 milya (18 km) masofani bosib o'tadi Moray va Speyside Shotlandiyada klassik Shotlandiya paroxodlari va dizel vagonlaridan foydalangan holda. Hududda ko'plab viskilar ishlab chiqaradigan zavodlar mavjud bo'lib, ularga tashrif buyurish mumkin. Chiziq Keytdan boshlanadi, unda Milliy temir yo'l stantsiyasi mavjud.
• The Ffestiniog temir yo'li Uelsning shimolidagi Snowdonia milliy bog'idagi tor temir yo'ldir. Bu mintaqadagi mashhur diqqatga sazovor joy va dastlab yuk tashish uchun portga yaqin atrofdagi ma'danlardan shifer olib yurilgan, shuningdek yo'lovchilarni olib yurishgan (endi ular olib yuriladigan yagona narsa). Boshqa g'ayrioddiy harakatlanuvchi tarkib bilan bir qatorda g'ayrioddiy ikki tomonlama parovozlardan foydalaniladi. Chiziqning janubiy uchi Porthmadog Uels tog'li temir yo'li bilan birgalikda, shimoliy terminali esa Blaenau Ffestiniog magistral xizmatlari bilan bo'lishiladi. Da asosiy yo'nalish xizmatlari bilan aloqalar mavjud Minffordd.
• The Shimoliy Norfolk temir yo'li yoki Ko'knor chizig'i 1960 yildan saqlanib qolgan temir yo'ldir. Muzey dastlab okrugda yo'lovchi poezdlari sifatida ishlatilgan, bekor qilingan poezdlarda bug 'va dizel yoqilg'isi xizmatlarini ko'rsatmoqda (Norfolk). Bugungi kunda poyezdlar bir va ikki yo'lli yo'nalishlarda harakatlanadi Xolt va Sheringham (orqali Veyburn), Sharqiy Angliya qishloqlari va Shimoliy dengiz bo'ylab chiroyli manzaralarni yaratish.
• The Uels Uolsingem yengil temir yo'li dunyodagi eng uzun tor temir yo'ldir. Endi temir yo'l avvalgi standart o'lchov liniyasining trassasida qurilgan. Oldingi temir yo'l ilgari milliy tarmoqning bir qismi bo'lgan va yigirmanchi asrda tejamkorlik choralari davomida yopilgan edi. Stantsiyalar Quduq - dengiz bo'yida va Kichik Uolsingem.
• The G'arbiy Somerset temir yo'li dan ishlaydi Yepiskoplar Lydeard ga Minehead, okrugi ichida Somerset. Bu mamlakatdagi eng uzun meros temir yo'lidir.
• The Yakobit bu meros temir yo'li emas, balki muntazam ravishda qatnaydigan poezdlarda ishlaydigan bug 'bilan ekskursiya xizmati Fort Uilyam ga Mallaig, ustida G'arbiy tog 'chizig'i. Garri Potter muxlislari uchun, shuningdek, Glenfinnan Viaduktasini kesib o'tishda, xuddi filmlardagi kabi.

Bristol temir yo'l merosi bilan mashhur. Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'lni tashkil etgan Isambard Qirolligi Brunelga ko'plab hurmatlar mavjud, jumladan, Harbourside temir yo'l muzeyi.

Xalqaro aloqalar

Eurostarning ikkita klassi Sankt-Pankras stantsiyasida poezd

Eurostar

London Sankt-Pankras - bu termin Eurostar tezyurar poezdlar Amsterdam, Bryussel, Lill, Parij, Rotterdam kabi mavsumiy frantsuz yo'nalishlari Avignon, Lion va Marsel (yozgi xizmat) va Alp tog'lari (qishki xizmat). Evropaning ko'plab yirik shaharlari bilan aloqa o'rnatilishi mumkin Lill, Bryussel, Parij, va chiptalar orqali Eurostar, RailEurope va Evropa yo'nalishlariga xizmat ko'rsatadigan chiptaxonalar. Eurostar ikki xil harakatlanuvchi tarkib sinfini boshqaradi; Alstom-ning British Rail Class 373 (yoki Eurostar E300) kanalli tunnel ochilganidan beri 1994 yildan beri xizmat qilmoqda, BR Class 374 (Eurostar E320) esa 2015 yildan beri bosqichma-bosqich xizmatga kirishmoqda va ularni Siemens qurgan. E320 qismi Velaro boshqa mahalliy variantlarni RENFE (AVE), DB (ICE) va Rossiya temir yo'llari (Sapsan) sotib olgan oilani.

Nemis Germaniyaning "Deutsche Bahn" temir yo'l operatori Germaniyaga yangi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri xizmatlarni ko'rsatishni rejalashtirmoqda, ammo bu xizmat 2012 yilda boshlangandan keyin qoldirilgan, shu sababli nafasingizni tiymang.

Evrotunel, Le Shuttle

Eurotunnel poyezdi ichidagi mashinalar

Faqatgina Eurostar yo'lovchilarga xizmatidan tashqari, Angliya va Frantsiya o'rtasida o'z avtomobilingizda Eurotunnel Le Shuttle bortida sayohat qilish mumkin. Ulanish Cheriton (yaqin) o'rtasida Folkestone) va Coquelles (yaqinida) Calais). Narxlar ba'zi reyslar va paromlarni bron qilish bilan taqqoslaganda nisbatan arzon va sayohat ancha qisqaroq. Chipta narxi va bron uchun siz tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin Eurotunnel veb-sayti. Buyuk Britaniyadan Kanal Tunnel Terminaliga kirish uchun siz M20 avtoyo'lidan (Londondan 11A kavşağı) yoki Maidstone va Folkestone o'rtasidagi A20 dan foydalanishingiz mumkin. Frantsiyaga kelganingizdan so'ng, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri A16 avtoulovga haydashingiz mumkin.

Dutchflyer

Hech kimdan Buyuk Angliya stantsiyani, istalgan stantsiyaga "Dutchflyer" temir yo'l va parom chiptasini bron qilish mumkin Nederlandiya. The Temir yo'l va yelkan sxema shuni anglatadiki, Londonning Liverpul ko'chasidan tanlangan gollandiyalik stantsiyalargacha 55 funt sterlingga chipta bron qilish mumkin (24/05/2019). Albatta, sizga pasport kerak bo'ladi va marshrut o'rtasida parom aloqasi mavjud Xarvich va Gollandiyalik kanca tomonidan boshqariladi Stena liniyasi. London Liverpul ko'chasi va Gollandiyaning Hook shahri orasidagi odatiy yo'l Liverpul ko'chasi va Garvich xalqaro stantsiyasi o'rtasida va Gollandiyaning Hook shahriga Stena Line feribotidan o'tib ketishni talab qiladi, bu erda Gollandiyalik temir yo'l aloqalari mavjud.

Temir yo'l stantsiyalari joylashgan aeroportlar

Rhoose Cardiff International kabi ba'zi aeroport stantsiyalari yoqimli sokin ...

Ushbu aeroportlarda temir yo'l stantsiyalari mavjud (odatda har doim ham emas). Sayohat rejalarini tuzish uchun aeroport yoki Milliy temir yo'l ma'lumotlarini tekshirib ko'rish kerak:

• Aberdin Dyce - (faqat "Dyce" deb e'lon qilinadi) - Aeroport terminaliga kirish / chiqish uchun alohida avtobus sayohati (va chipta) kerak.
• Edinburg - Tramvay liniyasi Edinburg aeroportini shaharga bog'laydi, u yo'lda 4 ta temir yo'l stantsiyasida qo'ng'iroq qiladi:
  • Edinburg Gateway - Fayf va Shimoliy-Sharqiy Shotlandiyaga boradigan poezdlar hamda Angliyaga yo'l olgan ba'zi poyezdlar uchun.
  • Edinburg bog'i - Stirling va Pertga, shuningdek Livingston orqali Glazgoga boradigan poezdlar uchun.
  • Haymarket - markaziy mintaqaga xizmat ko'rsatadigan yirik stantsiya, shuningdek Shotlandiyaning aksariyat shaharlariga va Buyuk Britaniyaning poyezdlariga
  • Waverley (At Andrews Square tram stop) - Major train station for connections to most of Scotland and most major English cities as well as the sleeper trains to London.
• Birmingem Xalqaro
• Kardiff Airport - the station is called "Ruz Cardiff International Airport" with an hourly rail connection to Barri and Cardiff Central, some of which continue to Cardiff Queen Street, Pontipridd, Aberdare yoki Merthyr Tydfil. In the other direction, there is an hourly link to Bridgend. All services are operated by Arrive Trains Wales on a local network. The airport is not in walking distance, though the 509 shuttle bus regularly links the station to the airport for a competitive price. There are plans to improve connections to the airport with a new South East Wales Metro in the near future.
• East Midlands Parkway (also close to Derbi, Loughborough & Nottingem

...while others seemingly emulate the airport terminals they serve.

• Liverpool South Parkway, for John Lennon Airport
• London City (on the Docklands Light Railway, part of London's urban transport system)
• London Luton
• "Manchester" Airport station is a terminus station off the West Coast Main Line; it is served by Northern Rail, First Trans Pennine Express and Arriva Trains Wales. There are regular services to Manchester Piccadilly. Manchester Metrolink trams also serve the station.
• Nyukasl apon Tayn (is connected to the Tyne and Wear Metro light rail, where you can change at Newcastle Central station)
• Prestvik - Remarkably well served by the main Glasgow to Ayr line. Make sure to buy you train ticket to Prestwick from a ticket desk as showing a valid airline ticket will get you 50% off your train ticket from anywhere in Scotland. This isn't available when buying online or from a machine so ensure you go to a person.
• Sautgempton - the station is called "Southampton Airport Parkway"
• Teeside Airport - this is one of the least used rail stations and airports on the UK network and a 15-20 minute walk from the airport. Only one train per week in each direction stops at the station. However, there are plans to rebuild the station far closer to the airport.

These services are operated by trains branded as "Express" services. Beware that they are sometimes much more expensive than local services, and cheaper services on other operators may be available:

A Gatwick Express in Gatwick airport station

• London Gatvik - Gatvik Express: regular, non-stopping service between London Victoria and Gatwick Airport. Trains run every 15 minutes with a journey time of approximately 30 minutes. This is a guideline and you should always leave extra time for your journey. Other Services: The station is served by Janubiy, who run services to destinations like Brayton va Sautgempton, as well as London terminals. Temzinka, who operate through services between Brighton, London City Centre (e.g. Finsbury Park & London Bridge), London St Pancrass and Bedford directly. At St Pancrass, onward connections can be made to the North of England, Scotland, Luton, Kembrij, Ely va Kings Lynn. Buyuk G'arbiy temir yo'l operate a service to O'qish orqali Guildford. At Reading, onward connections to the South West, South Wales, Bristol, Oksford, Swindon, Birmingem va "Manchester" (limited) can be found.
• London Stansted - Stansted Express services are regular 15-minute services run by Abellio. The service runs from London Liverpool Street, usually calling at Tottenham Hale and Stansted Airport. At Liverpool Street and Tottenham Hale, connections can be made to London Underground services. Other Services: Stansted Airport is served by other Abellio Greater Anglia services to London Liverpool Street and Bishops Stortford, where a connection can be made to Stratford. Greater Anglia also have a somewhat regular service between Kembrij and Stansted, calling at Audley End and Whittlesford Parkway. Cross Country operate very regular services between Birmingem New Street/Kembrij and Stansted Airport. Services from Birmingham call at "Lester", Melton Mowbray, "Stemford" va Peterboro, amongst other stops. Between Cambridge and Stansted, the train calls at Audley End but not Whittlesford Parkway. At many of these stations, onward connections can be made to North Wales, the North, Scotland, "Liverpul" va "Manchester".
• London Xitrou - Xitrou Express: An expensive, non-stopping service between London Paddington and the airport, operated by the airport itself. From Paddington, onward connections can be made to Berkshire, West London, the London Underground, O'qish, Oksford, Bristol, the South West and South Wales.
• London Heathrow - TfL temir yo'li: A cheaper alternative to the Express, operated by Transport for London in preparation to the start of Crossrail services in 2019/2020. This service begins at Paddington (for onward connections), calling at Ealing Broadway, West Ealing, Hanwell, Southall and Hayes & Harlington. These services go directly to Terminals 1,2,3 & 5 only. There is a free shuttle between the Terminal 1,2 & 3 station and Terminal 4.
• London Heathrow - London metrosi Piccadilly line services are a very cheap but much slower connection between central & north London and the airport. Arriving at all terminals, the line begins at Cockfosters in North London while stopping at a number of stations including King's Cross St. Pancras (where onward connections can be made to the North and East), Leicester Square and South Kensington. It is part of the integrated TfL network, and bookings cannot be made. There are no toilets, catering or WiFi on most London Underground services.

Most airports without integrated rail services offer a bus connection to the nearest station. Bristol Airport, for example, is served by a 20-minute bus ("A1"). Tickets are available as part of the National Rail Network.

Seaports with railway stations

Through tickets are available from any UK railway station to any station in Shimoliy Irlandiya yoki Irlandiya Respublikasi. In the west of Shotlandiya, rail and ferry timetables are often integrated, and through tickets are available. For details of routes and fares, contact Milliy temir yo'l.

• Ardrossan (Harbour Station - there are 3 stations in Ardrossan) for ferries to the Isle of Arran
• Aberdin paromlar uchun Orkney va Shetland
• Ayr for coaches to Cairnryan connecting with ferries to Shimoliy Irlandiya
• Dover for ferries to France

Trains go right to the waterfront at Portsmouth Harbour station

• Baliqni himoya qilish for ferries to the Irlandiya Respublikasi
• Gurok paromlar uchun Dunoon va Kilcreggan
• Xarvich for ferries to the Gollandiya
• Heysham for ferries to the Men oroli
• Holyhead for ferries to the Irlandiya Respublikasi
• Largs paromlar uchun Cumbrae
• Lymington for ferries to the Vayt oroli
• Mallaig for ferries to the Small Isles, Skey va South Uist
• Newhaven paromlar uchun Dieppe
• Oban for ferries to the Inner va Outer Hebrides
• Puul paromlar uchun Gernsi va Jersi
• Portsmut Harbour for ferries to the Vayt oroli, Frantsiya va Ispaniya
• Sautgempton for ferries to the Vayt oroli
• Thurso paromlar uchun Orkney
• Vemiss ko'rfazi paromlar uchun Rothesay

Xavfsiz bo'ling

British Transport Police at Stratford.

British Transport Police sign, in Welsh and English. Bilingual signs are a requirement in Uels.

The railway network has a low crime rate, but you do have to use common sense. The most common incident is o'g'irlik of unsupervised luggage. If travelling with bags, keep them within sight, especially during station stops if your bags are in racks near the doors of the carriage. The UK (except Northern Ireland) operates a railway police deb nomlangan Britaniya transport politsiyasi (BTP), and you may see signs for them at major stations. They are responsible for the policing of trains, stations and railway property. In an emergency all emergency services including the BTP can be contacted by dialing 999 or 112 from any telephone or mobile phone (these work even if you have no calling credit or the keypad is locked). If you wish to contact the British Transport Police themselves and it is not an immediate emergency, dial 0845 440 5040. This is also the number to contact if you have concerns about something which although not immediately dangerous, represents a possible safety or crime issue (such as unauthorised persons trackside, or damaged lineside fencing.) You can also text (SMS) the BTP on 61016, which is widely advertised across the rail network and is the preferred way to contact the BTP discreetly.

Due to a history of terrorist incidents in the UK using placed explosive devices, any unattended luggage may be treated as potentially being such a device by the authorities, leading to closure of entire stations, (particularly in London, with even major termini being occasionally affected) whilst specially trained officials investigate and render any suspected device "safe". Both posters and announcements will often ask passengers to keep a sharp eye for and report any unattended bags straight away.

Safety of rail travel in Britain is high with a low rate of accidents. After privatisation in the 1990s, the accident rate increased for some years. Inquiries found this was due to cost-cutting and profiteering by the private owners of the infrastructure and their subcontractors and this was one factor leading to the re-nationalisation of infrastructure in the 2000s. Since then, safety has improved massively and there have been fewer major accidents. All trains display safety information posters on board, telling you what to do in the event of an emergency. The simplest advice is that unless your personal safety is threatened, you are always safer on the train than if you try to leave it.

In the event of an emergency

Should there be an emergency, such as fire or accident aboard the train:

1. Get the attention of a member of staff, any staff member will do.
2. If you cannot get the attention of staff and you are certain that you, anyone else or the train is in danger because of the motion of the train - pull the emergency stop handle, this will be either red or green and will be visibly identified. Pulling the emergency stop handle between stations will make it more difficult for emergency crews or police to reach the train.
3. If you are in immediate danger try to move to the next carriage, internal doors can be pushed apart if necessary. Do not pick up personal items. It is usually safer to remain on the train.
4. If you must leave the train, only then should you attempt to leave the train via the external doors. Methods for unlocking and opening in an emergency differ between types of train however, the emergency open device will be at the door with instructions.
5. If this is not possible, leave through an emergency window which will usually be identified as such. There may be a hammer next to it. If there is no indicated window, use the most convenient one facing away from any other tracks if possible.
6. Strike the hammer against the corner of the window (if you strike the middle it'll just bounce off) until both panes crack, then push them out with a piece of luggage.
7. You should lower yourself carefully from the train and move away from it as quickly as possible.
8. Look and listen for approaching trains, and possibly the electric 3rd rail. Do not step on any rails; you could be stepping on the 3rd rail, depending on how the track is electrified. Get off the track as quickly as possible.

If an evacuation of a train is ordered by train crew, instructions will be given. Most carriages have specific windows that can be broken or pushed open for emergency escape.

A conductor or guard is present on most trains (with the exception of certain commuter routes in the South East). If they have not made themselves visible during the journey, they can usually be found in the cab at the rear of the train. Communication panels are normally throughout the train. Emergency brakes are also available, but a heavy penalty can be levied against someone who unnecessarily stops the train. Many communication panels are also emergency brakes. Unless someone's safety is threatened by the movement of the train, contact the guard or driver and wait for assistance or the next station stop.

Shuningdek qarang

• Evropada temir yo'l bilan sayohat
• Frantsiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat
• Irlandiyada temir yo'l bilan sayohat
• Rail travel in the Netherlands