 | COVID-19 ma `lumot: Qo'shma Shtatlar dunyodagi eng ko'p tasdiqlangan COVID-19 kasalligi bilan kasallangan bo'lib, barcha shtatlarga zarar etkazgan. Hokimiyatning barcha darajalari tarqalishni oldini olish bo'yicha choralarni amalga oshirdi. So'nggi sayohat tarixi va boshqa omillarga bog'liq ravishda ko'plab chet elliklarning AQShga kirishi taqiqlanadi va barcha sayohatchilar (shu jumladan AQSh fuqarolari) cheklovlarga duch kelishadi, bu qisqa vaqt ichida o'zgarishi mumkin. Qarang Chiqinglar quyida. Ko'pgina davlat va mahalliy hokimiyat idoralari restoranlar va boshqa korxonalar uchun imkoniyatlarni cheklab qo'ygan. Odamlar gavjum joylardan va yig'ilishlardan saqlaning va boshqalardan kamida 2 metr uzoqroq turing. Jamoat joylarida yuzingizni yoping; bu butun mamlakat bo'ylab tavsiya etiladi va transportning ko'p turlarida, aeroportlarda va ko'plab shtatlarda va shaharlarda talab qilinadi. Muayyan shtatlar va shaharlar ixtiyoriy ravishda yoki majburiy o'z-o'zini karantinlar boshqa shtatlardan kelgan ba'zi mehmonlar uchun. Ular, shuningdek, kelishdan oldin yoki keyin testdan o'tishingizni va sayohatlaringiz va aloqalaringiz to'g'risida ma'lumotni mahalliy sog'liqni saqlash xodimlariga etkazishingizni talab qilishi mumkin. COVID-19ga qarshi to'liq emlangan bo'lsa, sinov va karantin talab qilinmasligi mumkin. Bilan tekshiring CDC so'nggi tafsilotlar uchun davlat va mahalliy hokimiyat bilan. |
| (Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil 7-aprelda yangilangan) |
The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari juda keng mamlakatdir Shimoliy Amerika ning taxminan yarmi Rossiya va taxminan bir xil o'lchamda Xitoy. Shuningdek, uning aholisi soni bo'yicha dunyoda uchinchi o'rinni egallaydi, 330 milliondan ortiq kishi (2020 yilda). Uning tarkibiga shahar atrofi keng tarqalgan aholi zich joylashgan shaharlar va tabiatning go'zalligi uchun yashamaydigan ulkan hududlar kiradi. XVII asrdan boshlab ommaviy immigratsiya tarixi bilan dunyodagi yagona eng yirik iqtisodiyotni aks ettiruvchi bu dunyo bo'ylab madaniyatlarning "erish qozoni" dir.
Dunyodagi eng qudratli va nufuzli mamlakat sifatida qaralganda, u dunyoning madaniy landshaftida hukmronlik rolini o'ynaydi va o'zining mashhur sayyohlik yo'nalishlari, shu jumladan osmono'par binolaridan tortib mashhur. Manxetten va Chikago, ning tabiiy mo''jizalariga Yellowstone va Alyaska, ning kanyonlandlariga Janubi-g'arbiy, iliq, quyoshli plyajlariga Florida, Gavayi va Kaliforniya janubiy.
Mintaqalar
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tarkibiga 50 ta kiradi davlatlar va mamlakat poytaxti Vashington, KolumbiyaVikipediya maqsadlari uchun quyidagi mintaqalarga birlashtirilgan:
| Yangi Angliya (Konnektikut, Meyn, Massachusets shtati, Nyu-Xempshir, Rod-Aylend, Vermont) Gable cherkovlari, rustik antiqa buyumlar va Amerika tarixiga boy Nyu-England Angliyada sayohlarni (shoshilinch) bir hafta ichida (shoshilinch) sayohat qilish uchun sayohlarni, ajoyib dengiz mahsulotlarini, qo'pol tog'larni, tez-tez qishki qorlarni va millatning ba'zi qadimiy shaharlarini taklif etadi. . |
| O'rta Atlantika (Delaver, Merilend, Nyu-Jersi, Nyu York, Pensilvaniya, Vashington, Kolumbiya) Nyu-Yorkdan Vashingtonga qadar, O'rta Atlantika orolida aholining eng zich joylashgan shaharlari, tarixiy joylari, tog'lar va dengiz bo'yidagi kurortlari joylashgan. |
| Janubiy (Alabama, Arkanzas, Gruziya, Kentukki, Luiziana, Missisipi, Shimoliy Karolina, Janubiy Karolina, Tennessi, Virjiniya, G'arbiy Virjiniya) Janub o'zining mehmondo'stligi, uyda ovqat pishirish va ko'k ranglari bilan nishonlanadi, jazz, rok-n-roll, blugrass va kantri musiqa an'analari. Ushbu serharakat, asosan subtropik mintaqaga salqin, serqirra tog'lar, plantatsiyalar va keng sarv botqoqlari kiradi. |
| Florida Shimoliy Florida janubning qolgan qismiga o'xshash, ammo bu kurortlarda bunday emas Orlando, pensiya jamoalari, tropik Karib havzasi ta'sirida Mayami, Evergladesva 1,200 milya (1900 km) qumli plyajlar. |
| O'rta g'arbiy (Illinoys, Indiana, Ayova, Michigan, Minnesota, Missuri, Ogayo shtati, Viskonsin) Oddiy va mehmondo'st odamlar mintaqasi, qishloq xo'jaligi erlari, o'rmonlar, chiroyli shaharchalar, sanoat shaharlari va Buyuk ko'llar - dunyodagi eng yirik chuchuk suv ko'llari tizimi Shimoliy qirg'oq AQSh |
| Texas Ikkinchi yirik davlat, xuddi Ispaniya va Meksika o'tmishidan kuchli madaniy ta'sirga ega bo'lgan alohida mamlakatga o'xshaydi (va haqiqatan ham shunday edi). Relyefi juda xilma-xil, janubi-sharqda botqoqli erlar, Janubiy tekisliklarda tekis erlar va paxta xo'jaliklari, Janubiy Texasdagi qumli plyajlar va tog'lar va cho'llar uzoq G'arbiy Texasda. |
| Buyuk tekisliklar (Shimoliy Dakota, Janubiy Dakota, Nebraska, Kanzas, Oklaxoma) Sobiq Yovvoyi G'arbiy chegara hududi ko'pincha "krepkadan yassi" deb ta'riflangan, bu hudud ilgari cheksiz o'tloqlardan iborat bo'lgan. Hozir uning katta qismi bir-birining ortidan ulkan fermer xo'jaligi bo'lib, vaqti-vaqti bilan shaharlari bor, ammo qolgan dashtlar hali ham ulkan va bir qadar xarob. |
| Toshli tog'lar (Kolorado, Aydaho, Montana, Vayoming) Ajoyib qor bilan qoplangan Rokki piyoda yurish, rafting, ajoyib tosh, cho'llar va ba'zi yirik shaharlarni taklif eting. |
| Janubi-g'arbiy (Arizona, Nevada, Nyu-Meksiko, Yuta) Ispaniya, Meksika va tub Amerika madaniyati ta'sirida bo'lgan bu hududda xalqning eng ajoyib tabiiy diqqatga sazovor joylari va gullab-yashnayotgan badiiy jamoalari joylashgan. Mintaqaning cho'llari asosan bo'sh bo'lsa-da, ba'zi yirik shaharlarni o'z ichiga oladi. |
| Kaliforniya Janubi-g'arbiy singari, Kaliforniyaga ham sobiq Ispaniya va Meksika hukmdorlari, shuningdek, Osiyo madaniyati va oshxonasi katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Kaliforniya dunyoga mashhur shaharlarni, cho'llarni, tropik o'rmonlarni, qorli tog'larni va go'zal plyajlarni taklif etadi. |
| Tinch okeanining shimoli-g'arbiy qismi (Vashington, Oregon) Tinch okeanning shimoliy-g'arbiy qismida yumshoq havo va kosmopolit shaharlar mavjud. Ushbu relyefda ajoyib yomg'ir o'rmonlari, manzarali tog'lar va vulqonlar, go'zal qirg'oq chiziqlari va adaçayı bilan qoplangan dasht va cho'llar mavjud. |
| Alyaska Qo'shma Shtatlarning qolgan qismidan beshdan biriga kattaroq Alyaska Arktikaga yaxshi etib boradi va tog'li sahroga, shu jumladan Shimoliy Amerikaning eng baland tog'iga, Denaliva Qo'shma Shtatlarning boshqa joylarida ko'rinmaydigan mahalliy Alyaska madaniyati. |
| Gavayi Tinch okeanning tropik qismidagi vulkanik arxipelagi, Kaliforniyadan janubi-g'arbiy qismida (eng yaqin shtat) 2300 mil (3700 km), dam olish uchun jannat. |
AQSh, shuningdek, nodavlat kollektsiyasini boshqaradi hududlar butun dunyo bo'ylab, asosan Karib dengizi (Puerto-Riko va AQSh Virjiniya orollari) va Okeaniya (Guam, Amerika Samoasi, Shimoliy Mariana orollari, va turli xil yashamaydigan orollar va orol guruhlari). Bu sayohatchilar nuqtai nazaridan 50 ta davlatdan ancha farq qilishi sababli ular alohida maqolalarda keltirilgan. Qarang Amerika mustamlakachiligi AQShning hozirgi va sobiq xorijiy hududlari to'g'risida bilib olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan yo'nalishlar uchun.
Shaharlar
Qo'shma Shtatlarda 10000 dan ortiq shahar, shaharcha va qishloq mavjud. Quyida eng taniqli to'qqiz kishining ro'yxati keltirilgan. Boshqa shaharlarni tegishli joylarida topish mumkin mintaqalar.
- 1 Vashington, Kolumbiya - yirik muzeylar va yodgorliklar bilan to'ldirilgan mamlakat poytaxti
- 2 Boston - mustamlakachilik tarixi, sportga bo'lgan ishtiyoqi va universitetlari bilan mashhur
- 3 Chikago - O'rta G'arbning yuragi, mamlakatning transport markazi va dunyodagi eng yirik tovar savdosi markazi, ulkan osmono'par binolar va boshqa me'moriy toshlar bilan.
- 4 Los Anjeles - ob-havoning go'zalligi, tog'lardan plyajlarga qadar ajoyib tabiiy go'zalligi va avtoyo'llarning cheksiz qismi bilan musiqa san'atkorlari va sörfçülari kino sanoati uyi.
- 5 Mayami - Lotin ta'siri ostida jonli Karib dengizi madaniyatiga ega bu shahar quyoshga intilayotgan shimoliylarni jalb qiladi
- 6 Yangi Orlean - Jazning vatani bo'lgan "The Big Easy" o'zining ajoyib frantsuz kvartali, o'ziga xos oshxonasi va har yili Mardi Gras bayrami bilan tanilgan.
- 7 Nyu-York shahri - Wall Street, yirik ommaviy axborot vositalari va reklama, jahon oshxonalari, san'at, me'morchilik va xaridlar uyi bo'lgan mamlakatning eng katta shahri.
- 8 San-Fransisko - Oltin darvoza ko'prigi, jonli shahar mahallalari, ajoyib tuman va yuqori texnologiyalarga ega shaharcha
- 9 Sietl - boy muzeylar, yodgorliklar, dam olish va kosmik igna
Boshqa yo'nalishlar
Bu yirik shaharlar tashqarisidagi eng katta va eng mashhur yo'nalishlar.
- 1 Denali milliy bog'i - Shimoliy Amerikaning eng baland cho'qqisi Denali (sobiq MakKinli tog'i) joylashgan uzoq milliy park.
- 2 Katta Kanyon - dunyodagi eng uzun va eng ko'p tashrif buyuradigan kanyon
- 3 Katta tutunli tog'lar milliy bog'i - janubiy Appalachiyadagi milliy bog '
- 4 Mesa Verde milliy bog'i - yaxshi saqlanib qolgan Ancientral Puebloan jarlik uylari
- 5 Rushmor tog'i - to'rtta sobiq prezidentning ramziy yodgorligi jarlik yuziga o'yilgan
- 6 Niagara sharsharasi - Kanada bilan chegarada joylashgan ulkan sharsharalar
- 7 Uolt Disney dunyosi - dunyodagi eng mashhur dam olish maskani
- 8 Yellowstone milliy bog'i - AQShdagi birinchi milliy bog' va qadimgi sodiq geyzerning uyi
- 9 Yosemit milliy bog'i - El Capitan, Half Dome va mashhur Giqu Sequoia daraxtlarining uyi
Tushuning
 | |
| Poytaxt | Vashington, Kolumbiya |
| Valyuta | Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dollari (USD) |
| Aholisi | 331,4 million (2020 yil) |
| Elektr | 120 ± 6 volt / 60 gerts (NEMA 1-15, NEMA 5-15) |
| Mamlakat kodi | 1 |
| Vaqt zonasi | UTC − 12: 00 dan UTC 12:00 gacha va Markaziy soat mintaqasi, Alyaska vaqt zonasi, Tog'li vaqt zonasi |
| Favqulodda vaziyatlar | 911 |
| Haydash tomoni | to'g'ri |
| Wikidata-da tahrirlash | |
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari (shuningdek, "AQSh", "AQSh" yoki shunchaki "Amerika" deb ham nomlanadi) televizion va kinolarning Amerikasi emas. U katta, murakkab va xilma-xil bo'lib, alohida madaniy va mintaqaviy o'ziga xos xususiyatlarga ega. Uzoq masofalar tufayli mintaqalar o'rtasida sayohat qilish ko'p vaqt va qimmatga tushishi mumkin.
Geografiya
The qo'shni Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari yoki "Quyi 48" Alaska va Gavayi bundan mustasno bo'lgan hududga tegishli. Aholining katta qismi Atlantika, Tinch okeani yoki Meksika ko'rfazi sohillarida yoki Buyuk ko'llar bo'yida yashaydi. Uning yagona quruqlik chegaralari - ikkalasi ham ancha uzun - birgalikda foydalaniladi Kanada shimolga va Meksika janubga The kontinental Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari 48 ta qo'shni shtat, D.C. va Alyaska, ammo Gavayi bundan mustasno.
Mamlakatda uchta yirik tog 'tizmalari mavjud. The Appalachilar Kanadadan to uzaytirildi Alabama, Atlantika okeanidan bir necha yuz mil g'arbda. Ular uchta diapazonning eng qadimgi va ajoyib sayohatlar va ajoyib lager joylarini taklif etadi. The Rokki o'rtacha, Shimoliy Amerikadagi eng baland, Alyaskadan tortib to cho'zilgan Nyu-Meksiko, sifatida belgilangan ko'plab joylar bilan milliy bog'lar yurish, lager, chang'i va diqqatga sazovor joylarni tomosha qilish imkoniyatlarini taklif etadi. Birlashtirilgan Syerra Nevada va Kaskad diapazonlar eng yoshi. Sierralar "orqa miya" bo'ylab cho'zilgan Kaliforniyakabi saytlar bilan Tahoe ko'li va Yosemit milliy bog'i, keyin mamlakatdagi eng baland nuqtalarga ega bo'lgan hatto yoshroq vulkanik Kaskad oralig'iga yo'l bering.
Mamlakat markazida Buyuk tekisliklar, to'liq tarkibiga kiradi Oklaxoma, Kanzas, Nebraska, Janubiy Dakota, Shimoliy Dakotava atrofdagi shtatlarning qismlari. Ushbu mintaqa tekis erlarning uzun uchastkalari va yumshoq tepaliklar bilan ajralib turadi. U asosan qishloq xo'jaligi va dasht maydonlaridan iborat.
Meksika ko'rfazi janubi-sharqda Texas, janubida Luiziana, Missisipi, Alabama va FloridaPanhandle va Florida G'arbiy qirg'og'ini tashkil qiladi.
The Buyuk ko'llar Qo'shma Shtatlar sharqiy va Kanada o'rtasidagi chegaraning katta qismini aniqlang. Ichki dengizdagi ko'llarga qaraganda ko'proq toza suv, ular so'nggi muzlik davrining oxirida muzliklarning chekinishi bosimi natijasida hosil bo'lgan. Shtatlar bilan chegaradosh bo'lgan beshta ko'l yuzlab kilometrni tashkil etadi Minnesota, Viskonsin, Illinoys, Indiana, Michigan, Ogayo shtati, Pensilvaniya va Nyu York, va ularning qirg'oqlari toza cho'l hududlaridan sanoat "zang kamari" shaharlariga qadar farq qiladi.
Iqlim
Garchi AQShning ko'p qismida a mo''tadil iqlimi, Alyaskadagi Arktik tundradan Gavayidagi va tropik ob-havogacha juda xilma-xil Janubiy Florida. The Buyuk tekisliklar quruq, tekis va o'tli bo'lib, aylanmoqda cho'l Uzoq G'arbda va O'rta er dengizi Kaliforniya sohillari bo'ylab.
In qish, Shimoliy va O'rta G'arbdagi yirik shaharlarda bir kunda 60 santimetrgacha qor yog'ishi mumkin, sovuq havoda. Yoz nam, ammo yumshoq. Ba'zan O'rta G'arbiy va Buyuk tekisliklarni 100 ° F (38 ° C) dan yuqori harorat bosib oladi. Shimoliy tekisliklarning ba'zi joylarida qish paytida -30 ° F (-34 ° C) sovuq harorat bo'lishi mumkin. 0 ° F (-18 ° C) dan past harorat ba'zan janubgacha etib boradi Oklaxoma.
Iqlimi Janubiy ham farq qiladi. Yozda u issiq va nam bo'ladi, ammo oktyabrdan aprelgacha ob-havo 60 ° F (16 ° C) dan 20 ° F (-7 ° C) gacha bo'lgan sovuqgacha o'zgarishi mumkin.
Buyuk tekisliklar va O'rta G'arbiy shtatlar ham tajribaga ega tornado kech bahordan kuzning boshigacha, oldinroq janubda va keyinroq shimolda. Atlantika sohilidagi va Meksika ko'rfazidagi davlatlar boshdan kechirishi mumkin bo'ronlar iyun va noyabr oylari orasida. Ushbu kuchli va xavfli bo'ronlar AQSh materikini tez-tez sog'inmoqda, ammo evakuatsiya tez-tez buyuriladi va ularga e'tibor berish kerak.
Rokki sovuq va qorli. Rokki-ning ba'zi joylarida bir mavsumda 1300 sm dan oshiq qor yog'adi. Yoz oylarida ham tog'larda harorat salqin, qor deyarli yil bo'yi yog'ishi mumkin. Qishda tayyorgarliksiz toqqa chiqish xavfli va ular orqali o'tadigan yo'llar juda muzli bo'lishi mumkin.
Ning cho'llari Janubi-g'arbiy yozda issiq va quruq bo'lib, harorat ko'pincha 100 ° F (38 ° C) dan oshadi. Iyuldan sentyabrgacha janubi-g'arbiy qismida momaqaldiroq bo'lishi mumkin. Qish yumshoq, qor esa odatiy emas. O'rtacha yillik yog'ingarchilik kam, odatda (250 mm) 10 dan kam.
Yilning ko'p qismida salqin va nam ob-havo qirg'oq shimoli-g'arbida tez-tez uchraydi (Oregon va Vashington Kaskad tizmasining g'arbiy qismida va Kaliforniyaning shimoliy qismi Sohil tizmalari / Kaskadlar g'arbida). Yozlar (iyuldan sentyabrgacha) odatda past namlik bilan juda quruq bo'ladi, ammo bu tashqi makon uchun ideal iqlimdir. Yomg'ir qishda tez-tez uchraydi, qor kamdan-kam uchraydi, ayniqsa qirg'oq bo'yi va haddan tashqari harorat odatiy hol emas. Yomg'ir deyarli faqat kuzning oxiridan bahorning boshigacha qirg'oq bo'ylab yog'adi. Kaskadlarning sharqida shimoli-g'arbiy qismi ancha quruqroq. Ichki g'arbiy qismning katta qismi yarim quruq yoki cho'ldir, ayniqsa Oregonda.
Shimoliy-sharqiy va Yuqori janubiy shaharlar yozlari ma'lumki, harorati 90 ° F (32 ° C) gacha va undan yuqori, namligi juda yuqori, odatda 80% dan yuqori. Bu janubi-g'arbiy qismdan keskin o'zgarish bo'lishi mumkin. Yuqori namlik, harorat haqiqiy ko'rsatkichlarga qaraganda issiqroq bo'lishini anglatadi. Shimoli-sharqda ham qor yog'adi va kamida bir necha yilda bir marta juda ko'p miqdordagi oq narsalar tashlanadi.
Tarix
| Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining tarixiy sayohat mavzulari: Mahalliy millatlar → Fuqarolar urushi oldidan → Fuqarolar urushi → Eski G'arbiy → Sanoatlashtirish → Urushdan keyingi |
Mahalliy amerikaliklar, yoki Amerika hindulari, 13,500 dan 16000 yil oldin Bering bo'g'ozi orqali o'tuvchi shimoliy-sharqiy Osiyo xalqlaridan kelgan Alyaskava XV asr oxirlarida evropaliklarning birinchi kelishidan oldin mavjud bo'lgan turli xil zamonaviy jamiyatlarni namoyish etdi. Missisipiya madaniyati janubi-sharq bo'ylab ulkan aholi punktlarini qurdi va Anasazi janubi-g'arbiy qismida jarlik yonbag'ridagi shaharlarni qurdi. Ushbu jamiyatlar chechak kabi qadimgi dunyo kasalliklari bilan yo'q qilindi va urushlar va evropalik ko'chmanchilarni bosib olish orqali g'arbga surildi. Ularning kamaygan soni yanada marginallashuvga olib keldi, garchi bugungi kunda ularning madaniyati davom etmoqda va Amerika tajribasiga o'z hissasini qo'shmoqda.
Evropa mustamlakasi 16-17 asrlarda boshlangan. Angliya, Ispaniyava Frantsiya katta aktsiyalarga ega bo'ldi; The Gollandiya, Shvetsiyava Rossiya shuningdek, postlar tashkil etdi. Yilda tashkil topgan birinchi ingliz mustamlakalari Jeymstaun, Virjiniya (1607) va Plimut, Massachusets shtati (1620), hozirgi kunda Qo'shma Shtatlar deb ataladigan yadroni tashkil etdi.
Shimolda, Massachusets shtati diniy muhojirlar tomonidan joylashtirilgan - Puritanlar - keyinchalik boshqalarning ko'pini tarqatgan va asos solgan Yangi Angliya juda diniy va idealistik mintaqani yaratadigan mustamlakalar. Boshqa diniy guruhlar ham koloniyalarga, shu jumladan Quakersga asos solgan Pensilvaniya va Rim katoliklari Merilend. O'rta mustamlakalari Nyu York, Nyu-Jersi, Delaver va Pensilvaniya Shimoliy kosmopolit markaziga aylandi.
Virjiniya hukmronligi saqlanib qolgan Janubiy koloniyalarda o'sish davrlarining uzoqroq davom etishi ularga qishloq xo'jaligida, ayniqsa paxta va tamaki uchun boy istiqbollarni yaratdi. Xuddi shunday Lotin Amerika va Karib dengizi, indentured xizmatchilar, mahkumlar va keyinchalik Afrikalik qullar olib kelingan va katta plantatsiyalar etishtirishga majbur qilingan. Quldorlik Shimoliy va Janubda ham qo'llanilgan, ammo uning janub iqtisodiyoti uchun ahamiyati katta bo'lgan.
18-asrning boshlariga kelib, Buyuk Britaniya dan Atlantika sohilini mustamlaka qilgan edi Gruziya shimoldan hozirgi Kanada hududigacha. Qo'shma Shtatlarga aylanadigan hududga inglizlarning so'nggi yirik ko'chishi o'sha asrning o'rtalarida, Appalachiya mintaqasi joylashgan paytlarda sodir bo'lgan. 1763 yilda Shimoliy Amerikada Angliya hukmronligi global etti yillik urushdan so'ng o'rnatildi. Frantsuz va Hindiston urushi deb nomlanuvchi urushning Shimoliy Amerikadagi kampaniyalarini moliyalashtirish uchun qisman Angliya o'z mustamlakachilariga mashhur bo'lmagan soliqlar va qoidalarni joriy qildi. Bu 1775 yilda inqilobni tezlashtirdi va 1776 yil 4-iyulda 13 koloniyada kolonistlar mustaqillik e'lon qildilar. The Inqilobiy urush 1783 yilgacha davom etdi, yangi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Atlantika va dengiz o'rtasidagi Buyuk Britaniyaning barcha erlari ustidan suverenitetni qo'lga kiritdi Missisipi daryosi. Hali ham inglizlarga sodiq bo'lganlar, asosan shimoldan hozirgi holatga qochib ketishdi Kanada, Angliya hukmronligi ostida qolgan.
Milliy hukumat tuzilishi uchun kurash 1787 yilgacha konstitutsiya kelishilgan paytgacha davom etdi. Uning ma'rifatparvarlik davridagi individual erkinlik haqidagi g'oyalari shundan beri ko'plab davlatlarning ta'sis farmonlariga ilhom berdi. Jorj Vashington, inqilobiy armiyaning bosh generali birinchi prezident etib saylandi. 19-asrning boshlarida yangi qurilgan Vashington, Kolumbiya milliy poytaxt sifatida tashkil etilgan.
Oq ko'chmanchilar Appalachi tog'lari ortidan g'arbga qarab siljiganligi sababli yangi davlatlar vujudga keldi. Mahalliy amerikaliklar ko'chib ketishdi va urush va kasalliklar tufayli ko'proq tashvishga tushishdi. 1803 yil Louisiana Xarid qilish Missisipi g'arbiy qismida joylashgan frantsuz erlari (tomonidan chizilgan Lyuis va Klark ekspeditsiyasi) millatning sonini samarali ravishda ikki baravarga oshirdi va Sharqdan ko'plab mahalliy amerikalik qabilalar uchun Oklaxoma hududida zo'rlik bilan ko'chib kelgan. Ko'z yoshlari izi 1830-yillarning.
Napoleon urushlari va Qirollik dengiz floti taassurotidan kelib chiqadigan ingliz tijorat siyosati bilan kelishmovchiliklar sabab bo'ldi 1812 yilgi urush. Ikki yildan ortiq vaqt davomida quruqlik va dengizga qarshi dramatik harakatlar bo'lib, ular Kanadaga bostirib kirishni, Vashingtonda, Oq uy va jamoat binolarini yoqib yuborishni o'z ichiga oldi. Urush natijasida deyarli hech qanday hudud o'zgargani yo'q, ammo urush alohida amerikalik va kanadaliklarni galvanizatsiya qildi. shaxsiyat. Davlat madhiyasi "Yulduzlar bilan to'qnashgan bayroq" ushbu urush paytida o'ylab topilgan. Inglizlar tomoniga o'tgan g'arbiy tub amerikalik qabilalar, ularning hududi oq ko'chmanchilarga berilgandan buyon katta azob chekishdi.
Urushdan keyin sanoat va infratuzilma juda kengaytirildi, ayniqsa shimoli-sharqda; qarang Amerika sanoat sayohati. Yo'llar va kanallar birinchi o'rinda bo'lib, odamlarning quruqlikka tarqalishiga yordam berdi. 1825 yilda Eri kanali Atlantika bilan Buyuk ko'llarni birlashtirgan. 1860-yillarning oxiriga kelib temir yo'llar va telegraf liniyalari sanoat uyasi orqali sharq va g'arbiy sohillarni birlashtirdi Chikago ichida O'rta g'arbiy. 19-asrning boshlarida diniy qayta tiklanishlar ketma-ketligi, Ikkinchi Buyuk Uyg'onish mo''tadillik, qullikni bekor qilish va ayollarning saylov huquqi kabi maqsadlarga intilgan turli xil islohot harakatlarini keltirib chiqardi.
AQShning janubiy va g'arbiy ekspansiyasi Ispaniya va Meksika hududidan chiqib ketdi. Ispaniya sotildi Florida 1813 yilda Amerikaning harbiy aralashuvi va Meksikadagi Texasdagi amerikalik ko'chmanchilar tomonidan 1836 yilgi qo'zg'olonidan so'ng o'n yil o'tib, Ittifoq tarkibiga kirgan mustaqil respublikaga asos solindi. Bu uchqun paydo bo'ldi Meksika-Amerika urushi unda Meksika hozirgi narsani yo'qotdi Kaliforniya, Nevada, Yuta, Arizonava Nyu-Meksikova qo'shni Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari asosan o'zining zamonaviy tasavvurlarini qabul qildilar. Mahalliy amerikaliklar rezervlarga jo'natildi va shartnoma, harbiy kuch va kasallik tufayli tozalanishda davom etdi. Oregon Trail va boshqa g'arbiy yo'nalishlar. (Shuningdek qarang "Eski G'arbiy".)
Federal boshqaruv yengil, shtatlar esa juda avtonom edi. XVIII asrning 50-yillariga kelib, inqilobdan keyin 30 yil ichida hamma qullikni harom qilgan sanoati rivojlangan va shaharlari ko'proq bo'lgan Shimoliy shtatlar va plantatsiyalarga bog'liq bo'lgan Janubiy qishloqlar o'rtasida murosasiz tafovut mavjud edi. Shimolda ko'pchilik qullikning kengayishiga milliy taqiq qo'yishni istashdi, Janubiy davlatlar esa qullikni yangi hududlarda kengaytirishga intildi. Abolitsionistlar operatsiya qildilar Yer osti temir yo'li shimoliy shtatlardagi qochqin qullarni ozodlikka olib bordi Kanada. 1861 yilda o'n bir janubiy shtat, marginallashishdan qo'rqib, quldorlikka qarshi bo'lgan prezident Avraam Linkoln, Ittifoqdan chiqib, Amerikaning mustaqil Konfederativ Shtatlarini tashkil etdi. Keyingi Amerika fuqarolar urushi Amerika zaminidagi eng qonli mojaro bo'lib qolmoqda va yuz minglab odamlarning hayotiga zomin bo'lgan. 1865 yilda ittifoq kuchlari g'alaba qozondi va federal hukumatning shtatlar ustidan vakolatini qat'iy mustahkamladi. Qayta qurish davrida butun mamlakat bo'ylab qullik bekor qilindi va Konfederatsiya davlatlari ittifoqqa qayta qabul qilindi. Sobiq qullar va ularning avlodlari, ayniqsa, janubda iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy darajadagi sinf bo'lib qolishlari kerak edi.
Rossiya 1867 yilda o'z qo'li ostidagi Alyaska hududini sotdi va 1898 yilda mustaqil Gavayi qo'shib olindi. 1898 yilda AQShning Ispaniya ustidan g'alaba qozonishi Ispaniya-Amerika urushi uni mustamlaka hududlariga aylantirdi: Kuba (bir necha yil o'tgach mustaqillik berilgan), Filippinlar (ko'p o'tmay mustaqillik berilgan) Ikkinchi jahon urushi), Puerto-Riko va Guam (bu Amerikaning qaramligi bo'lib qolmoqda). Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari chegaralari biz 1959 yilda, Alyaska va Gavayi hududlariga davlatchilik berilganida, biz bilgan shaklni oldi.
19-asr oxiri va 20-asrda janubiy va sharqiy evropaliklar, rus yahudiylari va irlandlar arzon ishchi kuchi bilan sharqiy shaharlarning davom etayotgan sanoatlashuvini kuchaytirdilar. Ko'pgina janubiy afro-amerikaliklar qishloqdagi qashshoqlik va irqchilikdan qochib, shimolda sanoat ish joylarini qidirishdi. Boshqa immigrantlar, shu jumladan ko'plab skandinaviyaliklar va nemislar G'arbiy va O'rta G'arbda yangi ochilgan hududlarga ko'chib o'tdilar, u erda er uni rivojlantiradigan har kimga berildi.
Qo'shma Shtatlarning kirishi Birinchi jahon urushi 1917 yilda u jahon qudratiga aylanish davri boshlandi. Biroq, g'alaba qozonganidan ko'p o'tmay, AQSh xalqaro miqyosdagi ishtirokidan qochib, yangi tashkil etilayotgan Millatlar Ligasiga qo'shilishni rad etdi va tashkilotni nogiron qilib qo'ydi. Haqiqiy boylik tez sur'atlar bilan o'sib bordi va shov-shuvli 20-yillarda aktsiyalarning spekulyatsiyasi ulkan moliyaviy "ko'pik" ni yaratdi. U 1929 yilda yorilib, global iqtisodiy buzilishga olib keldi Katta depressiya. Olingan xususiylashtirish qurbonlik madaniyatini va kelgusi mojaroda mamlakatga yaxshi xizmat qiladigan mehnatsevarlikni kuchaytirdi. Shuningdek, u Prezident Franklin D. Ruzveltni ochdi. Uning "Yangi bitimi" bir qator hukumat dasturlari bo'lib, butun mamlakat bo'ylab minglab binolar va ko'priklarni qurgan, shu bilan birga Amerikaning ijtimoiy davlatining asosini yaratgan.
1941 yilda Yaponiya hujum qildi Pearl Harbor, Gavayi dengiz bazasi, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarini ichiga kirib Ikkinchi jahon urushi ittifoqdosh kuchlar tomonida - qarang Evropada Ikkinchi Jahon urushi va Tinch okeani urushi. AQSh atom bombalarini ishlab chiqdi va 1945 yilda ularni Yaponiyaga ikki marta tashladi va urushni to'satdan tugatdi. Urushning oxiriga kelib Qo'shma Shtatlar o'zini jahon sanoat ishlab chiqarishining qariyb yarmi uchun javob beradigan iqtisodiy iqtisodiy qudratga aylantirdi. Keyingi paytda Sovuq urush, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Sovet Ittifoqi yadroviy qurol bilan o'zaro ishonch bilan yo'q qilishga intilish paytida kuch uchun kurashishdi. Garchi ikki qudratli davlat o'rtasida urush hech qachon ro'y bermagan bo'lsa-da, har ikkala tomon ham odamlarning Qo'shma Shtatlar haqidagi qarashlariga va uning global siyosatdagi roliga ta'sir ko'rsatishda davom etadigan (ko'pincha salbiy) proksi-shtatlar orqali bilvosita yashirin operatsiyalarda va harbiy harakatlarda qatnashgan.
Fuqarolar urushidan keyingi asr davomida qora tanli odamlar, garchi AQSh Konstitutsiyasiga fuqarolik urushidan keyingi tuzatishlar bo'yicha teng huquqli fuqarolar bo'lishsa-da, kuchli ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy kamsitishlar va davlat tomonidan tasdiqlangan segregatsiya, ayniqsa, janubda azob chekishdi. Qora tanli amerikaliklar uchun to'la fuqarolik huquqlari uchun kurash Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin chet elda irqchilikka qarshi kurash olib borgan qora tanli faxriylarni vataniga qaytib kelib, ular hali ham qattiq diskriminatsiya qilinganligini aniqlash uchun kuch topdi. The fuqarolik huquqlari harakati qat'iy, lekin asosan tinch yo'l bilan, teng huquqlar uchun kurashgan. Bilan Martin Lyuter King, kichik, xarizmatik voiz, uning eng ko'zga ko'ringan etakchisi sifatida, harakat 1963 yilda poytaxtni tinglash uchun uni 200-300000 kishi suv bosganda harakat boshlandi. 1964 yilda qabul qilingan "Fuqarolik huquqlari to'g'risida" gi qonunda irqiga, rangiga, diniga, jinsiga yoki milliy kelib chiqishiga qarab kamsitishlar taqiqlangan, ammo bunday kamsitishlar hanuzgacha mavjud bo'lib, asosan unchalik ochiq bo'lmagan shakllarda. 44 yil o'tgach, 2008 yilda Barak Obama saylangunga qadar, mamlakat birinchi afroamerikalik prezidentga ega bo'ladi. 1960 yillarda qayta tiklangan ayollar harakati ham Amerika jamiyatida keng qamrovli o'zgarishlarga olib keldi.
Urushdan keyingi Amerika boylik va sanoatlashtirish bilan ajralib turardi. Odamlar qishloq xo'jaligini tark etib, tobora ko'proq texnologiyaga asoslangan iqtisodiyotning bir qismi bo'lish uchun shaharlarga ko'chib ketishdi. Amerikalik avtoulov madaniyati 1950-yillarda paydo bo'lgan va keng qamrovli Davlatlararo avtomagistral tizimining qurilishi bilan qo'llab-quvvatlangan. Ushbu tendentsiyalar, shuningdek, shahar atrofini ko'payishiga va jamoat transporti va temir yo'l sayohatlarining pasayishiga olib keldi Avtomobilsiz Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari bugungi kungacha ayniqsa qiyin. Ular ham natijaga erishdilar oq parvoz Amerikaning ko'plab shaharlaridagi chekka shaharlarga, ko'plab qora tanli odamlarni shaharning chirigan ichki mahallalarida qoldirib. Amerikalik iste'molchilar madaniyati, Gollivud filmlari va ko'plab mashhur musiqa turlari Qo'shma Shtatlarni dunyodagi madaniy super qudratga aylantirdi. AQSh dunyodagi eng yirik oliy ta'lim markazlaridan biriga aylandi va hozirda dunyoning ko'plab nufuzli universitetlari joylashgan bo'lib, boshqa mamlakatlarga qaraganda ko'proq chet ellik talabalarni jalb qilmoqda.
Sovet Ittifoqi qulaganidan beri Qo'shma Shtatlar dunyodagi yagona super kuch bo'lib kelgan va uning gegemonligi tobora qayta tiklanib kelayotgan da'vosiga duch kelmoqda. Xitoy va Rossiya, u dunyo ishlarida hukmron harbiy, iqtisodiy, siyosiy va madaniy rolni bajarishda davom etmoqda. Amerikaning asosiy raqibi qulagandan so'ng, qimmatbaho va ba'zan halokatli urushlar (masalan, Vetnam urushi) o'tmishda qoldi, degan umidlar afsuski o'z isbotini topmadi. Sovuq urush tugaganidan beri ma'muriyatlarning barchasi "yolg'onchi davlatlar" tahdidi, terrorizm va tez o'zgaruvchan global siyosiy landshaft bilan u yoki bu shaklda kurashishlari kerak edi. 2001 yil 11 sentyabrdagi teraktlar hanuzgacha ochiq jarohat bo'lib kelmoqda va siyosiy munozaralarga ta'sir ko'rsatmoqda, chunki aeroportlarda xavfsizlik choralarining kuchaytirilishi terrorizm (yoki undan qo'rqish) sayohatchilarga ta'sir qilishning bir usuli hisoblanadi. Iqtisodiy nuqtai nazardan 2007 yilda uy-joy bozori pufakchasining qulashi bilan boshlangan "Buyuk retsessiya" 2009 yilda nihoyasiga yetdi, ammo o'rtacha amerikalik ko'p yillar davomida salbiy ta'sirini his qilib kelmoqda.
Hukumat va siyosat
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari federal respublikadir. Uning asosiy tarkibiy qismlari 50 ta shtat va Kolumbiya okrugi (Vashington); shuningdek, Karib dengizi va Tinch okeanida ittifoqqa kuchli, ammo ko'pincha to'liq qo'shilmagan turli xil orol hududlari mavjud.
Federal hukumat o'z kuchini doimiy foydalanishda bo'lgan eng qadimgi yozma konstitutsiya bo'lgan AQSh Konstitutsiyasidan oladi. Asosiy federal qonunlar doirasida har bir shtat o'z konstitutsiyasini, hukumati va qonunlarini saqlab qoladi va shu sababli federatsiya tarkibida katta avtonomiyalar saqlanib qoladi. Shtat qonunlari o'zlarining tafsilotlari bilan farq qilishi mumkin, lekin aksariyat hollarda har bir shtatda bir xilda.
The Prezident har to'rt yilda saylanadi va federal hukumat va davlat rahbari hisoblanadi. Prezident va ularning ma'muriyati ijro etuvchi hokimiyatni shakllantiradi. Ikki palatali Kongress (quyi Vakillar palatasi va yuqori Senatdan iborat) ham xalq tomonidan saylanadi va qonun chiqaruvchi hokimiyatni tashkil etadi. Oliy sud sud filialini boshqaradi. Shtatlar hukumatlari xuddi shunday hokimlar, qonun chiqaruvchi va sud hokimlari bilan tashkil etilgan.
Fuqarolar urushi tugaganidan beri ikki yirik siyosiy partiyalar shtat va federal darajada hukmronlik qildilar: Respublikachilar partiyasi (ko'pincha GOP deb nomlanadi, "Buyuk eski partiya" qisqartmasi) va Demokratik partiya. 1960-yillardan boshlab Respublikachilar partiyasi odatda ko'proq o'ng yoki "konservativ" partiyaga aylandi, Demokratik partiya esa odatda ikkala partiyaning chap yoki "liberal" partiyasidir. Kichikroq siyosiy partiyalar mavjud bo'lsa-da, g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritgan saylovlar tizimi ularning har qanday darajada kamdan-kam yutuqlarga erishishini anglatadi. Garchi dunyoning aksariyat qismida qizil va ko'k navbati bilan chap va o'ng tarafdagi partiyalarni ko'rsatsa-da, ular AQShda teskari yo'naltirilgan, shuning uchun respublikachilar qizil, demokratlar esa ko'k rangda.
Madaniyat
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari turli xil etnik guruhlardan tashkil topgan va madaniyat mamlakatning keng hududida va hattoki shaharlarda ham bir-biridan farq qiladi - Nyu-York kabi shaharda mahallada o'nlab, hatto yuzlab turli xil millat vakillari yashaydi. Ushbu farqga qaramay, milliy o'ziga xoslik hissi va ba'zi ustun madaniy xususiyatlar mavjud. Odatda, amerikaliklar shaxsiy erkinlik va mas'uliyatga qattiq ishonishadi va shaxs o'zining muvaffaqiyati yoki muvaffaqiyatsizligini o'zi belgilaydi, ammo istisnolar ko'p. Missisipi janubida Shimoliy Massachusetsdan madaniy jihatdan juda farq qilishini topasiz.
Qo'shma Shtatlarda din juda muhim, chunki 80% odamlar diniy mansubligini aniqlaydilar. Hozirgi hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra amerikaliklarning 49% xristian protestant cherkoviga, yana 23% esa katolik katoliklarga mansub. Amerikaliklarning 5% iudaizm, islom, hinduizm va buddizm kabi nasroniy dinlarga mansub. Yakshanba kunlari ko'plab korxona va muassasalar yopiq bo'lib, Janubiy va O'rta G'arbdagi qator hududlar yakshanba kunlari ba'zi tadbirlarning o'tkazilishini taqiqlaydi, ba'zi yahudiy korxonalari esa juma kuni va shanba kunlari shanba kuni yopiladi.
Konstitutsiyaviy ravishda dunyoviy davlat bo'lsa-da, Qo'shma Shtatlar amalda boshqa G'arb davlatlariga qaraganda ko'proq dindor Avstraliya, Kanada va eng ko'p Evropa mamlakatlar. Biroq, bu tendentsiya mintaqalarga qarab juda farq qiladi, chunki G'arbiy sohil va shimoli-sharq asosan dunyoviy va Amerika janubi Evangelist nasroniy bo'lish. Dindorlikdagi farqlar ko'pincha siyosat bilan bog'liqdir, shuning uchun shimoli-sharq, G'arbiy sohil, Gavayi va Chikago metropoliteni odatda ilg'or va demokratikdir; Yuta, Aydaho va Vayoming kabi janubiy va og'ir mormon shtatlarining aksariyati juda konservativ va respublikachilardir; va mamlakatning aksariyat qismi (masalan, bir nechta O'rta G'arbiy, Janubi-G'arbiy / Rokki tog 'va Janubiy qirg'oq davlatlari) Demokratlar va Respublikachilar o'rtasida deyarli teng taqsimlangan. Biroq, hatto bu ham chalg'itishi mumkin, chunki ko'plab konservativ shtatlarda kollej shaharchalari va juda liberal bo'lgan yirik shaharlar mavjud, liberal davlatlarda ko'pincha juda konservativ bo'lgan qishloq joylari mavjud. So'nggi bir necha o'n yillik tendentsiya - tobora o'sib borayotgan geografik siyosiy qutblanish tendentsiyasidir. Hozirgi kunda aksariyat amerikaliklar o'zlarining siyosiy moyilligi 20% yoki undan ko'p bo'lgan shaharlarda, umuman olganda, tobora erkinlashib borayotgan qishloqlarda yashaydilar, qishloqlar esa o'rta daraja yo'qolib borishi bilan ko'proq konservativ bo'lib qolmoqda.
Bayramlar
Har doim boshqacha bo'lishi kerak Aksariyat mamlakatlar 1886 yilgi Haymarket ishini xotirlash uchun 1 may kuni Mehnat kunini nishonlashar ekan, AQSh may oyida nishonlanadigan haymarket uslubidagi shunga o'xshash noroziliklarni rag'batlantiradi va radikal chap kuchlarga kuch beradi degan xavotirda uni sentyabrda nishonlashni tanladi. Evropa va Kanadada Xotira kuni bo'lgan 11 noyabr AQSh qurolli kuchlarining barcha faxriylarini nishonlash uchun kengaytirildi; Xotira kuni urushda o'lganlarni tanib olishga xizmat qiladi. |
Umumdavlat, majburiy davlat ta'tillari yo'q. Federal ta'tillar eng markazlashtirilgan muvofiqlashtirilgan ta'tillardir, ammo ular faqat federal hukumat va banklar uchun majburiydir. Barcha federal hukumat idoralari, pochta aloqasi bo'limlari va banklar federal bayramlarda yopiladi, ammo xususiy korxonalar ularni nishonlash yoki qilmaslikni tanlashi mumkin.
Federal bayramlarni deyarli barcha shtatlar va mahalliy aholi kuzatadilar; ko'pchilik o'zlarining qo'shimcha bir hovuchini kuzatadilar. Agar federal ta'til dam olish kunlariga to'g'ri kelsa, nishonlash bayramiga o'tkaziladi eng yaqin ish kuni (yoki juma yoki dushanba), yopilishlar fevraldagi prezidentlar kuniga o'xshash. Tantanalar va chakana savdo do'konlarining katta yopilishlari, agar u dam olish kunlari bo'lsa ham, yillik sanada bo'ladi.
Minnatdorchilik kuni (noyabr oyining to'rtinchi payshanbasi) va 1 yanvar kunlari asosiy ta'tillarning zichligi shunchalik balandki, u odatda "ta'til davri" deb nomlanadi. Ushbu davrda ko'p odamlar ta'tilga chiqadilar, odamlar oilasi va do'stlariga tashrif buyurishadi. Airports, interstate highways, bus stations, and train stations will be very crowded near the major holidays. If you must travel, allow extra time to check in and clear security. This is also a major gift-giving season: most shopping malls and department stores will be crowded, especially on the day after Thanksgiving, the week before Christmas, and the day after Christmas.
As in most other countries where alcohol is legal, be careful on the roads at and around major holidays, such as New Year's, Memorial Day, or Independence Day, as there are more drunk drivers on the roads then.
In the list below, federal holidays are listed in bold italics. In addition to federal holidays, the following list includes holidays that may inconvenience travelers, and nationwide celebrations of other events that may be of interest to travelers:
- Yangi yil kuni (1 January) — most non-retail businesses closed; parades; brunches and football parties.
- Martin Luther King Day (third Monday in January) — many government offices and banks closed; people volunteer in their communities; speeches, especially on African-American history and culture.
- Xitoy yoki Lunar Yangi yil (January/February — varies based on the lunar calendar) — Chinese-, Korean- and Vietnamese-Americans hold cultural celebrations.
- Super Bowl Sunday (usually the first Sunday in February) — This annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL) is the most-watched sporting event of the year; supermarkets, bars, and electronics stores busy; big football-watching parties.
- (St.) Valentine's Day (14 February) — private celebration of romance and love. Most restaurants are crowded; finer restaurants may require reservations made well in advance.
- Presidents Day yoki Washington's Birthday (third Monday in February) — many government offices and banks closed; many stores have sales.
- St. Patrick's Day (17 March) — Irish-themed parades and parties. Expect bars to be crowded. They will often feature themed drink specials. The wearing of green clothes or accessories is common.
- Xayrli juma (the Friday before Easter) — Christian (especially Catholic) religious observances. Some restaurants and shops close. The governments of some states with large Catholic populations (e.g. New Jersey) observe the holiday and close government offices on this day.
- Pasxa (a Sunday in March or April) — Christian religious observances. Many fast-food restaurants are closed, but sit-down restaurants are more likely to be open. Major retailers generally open; smaller shops may or may not close.
- Passover (varies based on the Jewish calendar, eight days around Easter) — Jewish religious observances. Many American Jews invite non-Jews to their Seder on one of the first two nights. Expect very heavy traffic on Seder afternoons and evenings in areas with large Jewish populations such as the New York Metro Area and South Florida.
- Cinco de Mayo (5 May) — A minor holiday in Mexico that celebrates the 1862 Battle of Puebla against the French, but a major cultural celebration for Mexican-Americans. Expect bars to be crowded, even in places without large Mexican-American communities.
- Mother's Day (second Sunday in May) — Children and adults give gifts to their mothers. Most restaurants are crowded, especially for brunch and lunch; finer restaurants may require reservations made well in advance.
- Xotira kuni (last Monday in May) — most non-retail businesses closed; some patriotic observances; trips to beaches and parks; traditional beginning of summer tourism season.
- Otalar kuni (third Sunday in June) — Children and adults give gifts to their fathers. Many restaurants and sporting events are crowded, although not to the same extent as Mother's Day.
- Juneteenth (19 June) — Commemorates the end of slavery in the U.S.; not yet widely celebrated outside majority-Black areas, but observance is spreading as of 2020; civic ceremonies and speeches.
- Independence Day/Fourth of July (4 July) — most non-retail businesses closed; patriotic parades and concerts, cookouts and trips to beaches and parks, fireworks at dusk, often continuing well into the night. Almost every town puts on some sort of festivity to celebrate the day.
- Labor Day (first Monday in September) — most non-retail businesses closed; cookouts and trips to beaches and parks; many stores have sales; traditional ending of summer tourism season.
- Rosh Hashanah va Yom Kippur (varies based on the Jewish calendar, September or early October) — Jewish religious observances.
- Columbus Day (second Monday in October) — many government offices and banks closed; some stores have sales. Italian-themed parades in some cities. Columbus Day can be controversial, especially among Native Americans and Latinos, and is not as widely observed as it was in the past. In some places, Columbus Day has been renamed as Indigenous People's Day, with celebrations of tribal cultures occurring.
- Halloween (31 October) — Children dress up in costume and go trick-or-treating (knocking on other houses' doors to get candy and other treats). There are spooky attractions, such as haunted corn mazes, hayrides and costume parties. Some small family-owned shops and restaurants may close early in the evening. Adults get in on the action too: boozy Halloween parties and bar-hopping in costume is common.
- Veterans Day (11 November) — government offices and banks closed; some patriotic observances.
- Thanksgiving Day (fourth Thursday in November) — Family dinners with roast turkey as the centerpiece; many people fly or drive to visit extended family. Nyu-York shahri va Chikago host parades, Detroyt and many other cities hold races. Many other smaller events fill the landscape, including a recreation of the original Thanksgiving dinner in Plimut, Massachusetts. Airports are extremely crowded on the Wednesday before and Sunday after Thanksgiving. Most businesses closed, including grocery stores and many restaurants.
- Black Friday (day after Thanksgiving) — Major Christmas shopping traditionally begins, most stores have sales and many open in the very early morning (with a few now opening on Thanksgiving night). Most non-retail employees are given Friday off or take it as a vacation.
- Hanukkah/Chanukah (varies based on the Jewish calendar, eight days usually in December) — Jewish religious observances, often culturally associated with Christmas.
- Christmas (25 December) — Families and close friends exchange gifts; Christian religious observances. Almost all businesses, grocery stores, and many restaurants closed the evening before and all day. Some government offices close at noon on the 24th, with everything closed on the 25th. However, many Chinese and Jewish businesses remain open.
- Kwanzaa (26 December – 1 January) — African-American cultural observances.
- Yangi Yil kechasi (31 December) — many restaurants and bars open late; lots of parties, especially in big cities. Some government offices close at noon.
All U.S. embassies are closed on the federal holidays in addition to the holidays of the host country.
O'lchov birliklari
- Shuningdek qarang: Metrik va imperatorlik ekvivalentlari
The United States is the only industrialized country that eschews the metric system. Instead it uses "customary units" (feet, miles, gallons, pounds, etc.), which are largely derived from the English units of the 18th century, and are sometimes different from the imperial units that occasionally linger in Britain. Road distances are given in miles and speed limits in miles per hour (1 mile is 1.61 km, or 1 km is 0.62 miles). One of the more confusing things is that an "ounce" can be either a measure of weight or (as a "fluid ounce") a measure of volume. The U.S. fluid ounce is also slightly larger than its imperial counterpart, while U.S. gallons, quarts and pints are smaller than their counterparts. Gasoline and other liquids are usually sold per gallon, quart, or fluid ounce (a U.S. gallon is 3.78 liters, so a U.S. quart [a quarter gallon] is slightly less than a liter). Beverages such as soda are sometimes sold by the liter and other times sold by the fluid ounce, with just under 34 ounces to a liter. Temperatures are usually reported in Fahrenheit only; 32° is actually freezing, not warm! Most cars' speedometers show both miles and kilometers per hour (good for trips to Canada and Mexico), and almost all packaged foods and other products are labeled in both systems. Outside of science, medicine and the military, there is little day-to-day exposure to the metric system, so Americans will assume you understand the U.S. customary measures.
There is no formal regulation of clothes or shoe sizes, and the only thing you can count on is that sizes tend to be consistent within the same brand. For shoe sizes some trial and error will be needed for each model.
Vaqt zonalari
Taking into consideration even the small territories in the Pacific Ocean (some of which cannot be easily accessed) the U.S. spans eleven time zones. Just four time zones are used in the contiguous 48 states, with an additional two covering Alaska and Hawaii. Time zone borders do not always correspond to state borders.
- Eastern Time (UTC-5): Meyn, Nyu-Xempshir, Vermont, Massachusets shtati, Konnektikut, Rod-Aylend, Nyu York, Michigan except extreme northwestern counties, Indiana except the southwest and northwest corners, Ogayo shtati, Pensilvaniya, Nyu-Jersi, sharqiy Kentukki, G'arbiy Virjiniya, Virjiniya, Vashington, Kolumbiya, Merilend, Delaver, sharqiy Tennessi, Shimoliy Karolina, Gruziya, Janubiy Karolina, Florida except western part of panhandle.
- Central Time (UTC-6): Viskonsin, Illinoys, the southwest and northwest corners of Indiana, western Kentukki, western and middle Tennessi, Missisipi, Alabama, Minnesota, Ayova, Missuri, Arkanzas, Luiziana, north and east Shimoliy Dakota, sharqiy Janubiy Dakota, middle and eastern Nebraska, most of Kanzas, Oklaxoma, most of Texas, part of western Florida(panhandle).
- Mountain Time (UTC-7): southwest Shimoliy Dakota, western Janubiy Dakota, western Nebraska, a sliver of Kanzas, Montana, a sliver of Oregon, Janubiy Aydaho, Vayoming, Yuta, Kolorado, Arizona, Nyu-Meksiko, a corner of Texas, West Wendover, Nevada
- Pacific Time (UTC-8): Vashington, northern Aydaho, most of Oregon, Kaliforniya, Nevada except West Wendover
- Alaska Time (UTC-9): Alyaska, except the Aleut orollari
- Hawaii-Aleutian Time (UTC-10): Gavayi, Aleut orollari
Most parts of the U.S. observe Daylight Saving Time; Hawaii and Arizona (except the Navajo Nation) do not.
Gapir
"Two countries divided by a common language" Speakers of British English will find many terms which differ in American English. Mana bir nechtasi:
Maqolaga qarang Ingliz tilidagi navlar for more words that differ across both versions. |
Almost all Americans speak Ingliz tili. Most Americans speak in accents that are recognizably similar to one another and to one traditionally associated with the Midwest, which was popularized in the 20th century by American radio, TV and movies. Although many Americans can discern differences between quite a few accents, the ones most likely to be heard as distinctive by foreign visitors include those commonly spoken in the South and Texas, the Boston area, the New York City area, the upper Midwest and Hawaii.
American English differs somewhat from the English spoken in other parts of the English speaking world. These differences are mostly minor, and primarily around minor spelling and pronunciation differences. One important difference, though, is that dates are always written MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD. See the article on Ingliz tilidagi navlar for a detailed discussion.
Many African-Americans and some other Americans also speak African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), which has somewhat different grammar and vocabulary from styles of American English usually regarded as standard. Nearly all African-Americans can switch back and forth between AAVE and standard American English effortlessly. Generally, if you are not African-American, you should not try to speak AAVE, even if it's spoken to you; it would be considered odd and possibly offensive. Spanglish — an admixture of Spanish and English — is similarly commonplace in many areas with large Hispanic populations, and code-switching between Spanglish and standard American English is similarly commonplace.
Visitors are generally expected to speak and understand English. While many Americans study a foreign language in school (overwhelmingly Spanish followed by French), few progress past the basics. Popular tourist sites often have signs and information available in other languages. Americans have a long history of immigration and are very accommodating towards foreign accents, and will sometimes take the effort to help you by speaking in a more standard accent. Major cities often have groups of foreign language learners who meet up regularly to practice their language skills, and these can be a good way to meet locals if you speak the language in question. Meetup.com is the most popular web-site listing many of these groups, though other less well-known web-sites also exist.
Ispaniya is the first language of Puerto Rico and a large minority of residents on the mainland (with the fifth-largest Spanish speaking population in the world). Spanish speakers in the United States are often Puerto Ricans or first- and second-generation immigrants from Latin America. As a result, the Spanish spoken is almost invariably a Latin American dialect. Spanish is the primary second language in many parts of the United States such as California, the Southwest, Texas, Florida, and the metropolitan areas of Chicago and New York City. Many of these areas have Spanish-language radio and television stations, with local, national and Mexican programs. Most publications from the federal government, and those of some state and municipal governments are available in Spanish. Many establishments and government offices in major commercial and tourist areas have Spanish-speaking staff on duty, and it is possible with some difficulty to get by in the major cities and main tourist attractions speaking only Spanish.
You may encounter other languages in some regions, like Hawaiian, French, American Indian languages (Navajo being the most commonly spoken one), Yiddish, and Pennsylvania Dutch. These are covered in regional articles.
American Sign Language (ASL) is the dominant sign language in the United States. When events are interpreted, they will be interpreted in ASL. Users of French Sign Language and other related languages may find ASL intelligible, as they share much vocabulary, but users of Japanese Sign Language, British Sign Language, or Auslan will not. Closed-captioning on television is widespread, but far from ubiquitous. Many theaters offer FM loops or other assistive listening devices, but captioning and interpreters are rarer.
For the blind, many signs and displays include Braille transcriptions of the printed English. Larger restaurant chains, museums, and parks may offer Braille menus and guidebooks, but you'll likely have to ask for them.
Chiqinglar
| COVID-19 ma `lumot: Entry will be denied to foreign nationals who have been to China, Iran, the Schengen Area, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Brazil or South Africa in the past 14 days, except immediate family of U.S. citizens and permanent residents. The Canadian and Mexican borders are closed to non-essential travel. All air passengers permitted to travel to the U.S., including U.S. citizens, must take a COVID-19 test within three days of their departure with a confirmed negative result, or show documented proof that they have recovered from COVID-19. Airlines have been directed to refuse boarding to those who do not meet these requirements. All travelers, upon arrival in the United States, should stay home for 10 days per the guidelines established by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This time is shortened to 7 kun for those who choose to take a COVID test 3-5 days after arrival. Travelers that are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 (at least 14 days since the final dose):
Note that state and local mandates may supersede all of these recommendations, even if fully vaccinated, so it is important to check on any requirements prior to travel. |
| (Information last updated 07 Apr 2021) |
The United States has exceptionally onerous and complicated visa requirements. Read up carefully before your visit, especially if you need to apply for a visa, and consult the Konsullik ishlari byurosi. Travellers have been refused entry for many reasons, often trivial. Since 2019, visitors to the US have also been required to fully document mobile phone numbers, e-mail addresses and on-line identities they've used in the past five years, during the application process.
Rejalashtirish va kelishdan oldin hujjatlar
Visa-free entry
Citizens of the 38 countries within the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), as well as Canadians and Bermudians do not require visas for entry into the United States. Canadians va Bermudians are normally allowed to visit for up to olti oy. Permanent residents of Canada are emas eligible for visa-free entry, unless they are also citizens of a country that participates in the Visa Waiver Program, or one of the separate provisions for a few other countries.
The Visa Waiver Program permits visa-free stays of up to 90 kun; it applies to citizens of Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan (must include ID card number), and the United Kingdom (must have right of abode in the UK, Channel Islands or Isle of Man).
Citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau may enter, reside, study, and work in the U.S. indefinitely with only a valid passport.
Citizens of the Bahamas may apply for visa-free entry faqat at the U.S. Customs pre-clearance facilities in the Bahamas, but a valid police certificate that was issued within the last six months is required for those over the age of 14. Attempting to enter through any other port of entry requires a valid visa.
Citizens of the Turks and Caicos Islands may enter the U.S. without a visa faqat if they are travelling on a direct flight from there, but a valid police certificate issued within the last six months is required for those over the age of 14. Attempting to enter from any other country requires a valid visa.
Cayman Islands citizens, if they intend to travel directly to the U.S. from there, may obtain a single-entry visa waiver for about $25 prior to departure. A valid police certificate that was issued within the last three months is required for those over the age of 13. Attempting to enter from any other country will require you to have a valid visa.
With only a few exceptions — traffic violations, civil infractions (masalan. littering, noise violations, disorderly conduct), purely political offenses (masalan. non-violent protest in countries where it is not allowed), and offenses committed before the age of 16 — a criminal record will likely revoke any right to visa-free travel to the U.S. Anyone with a criminal record, including Canadians and Bermudians, should seek advice from a U.S. embassy on whether they need to obtain a visa.
Visa Waiver Program requirements
 | Viza cheklovlari: Under new rules passed in 2015, travellers who have visited Eron, Iroq, Liviya, Shimoliy Koreya, Somalia, Sudan, Suriya yoki Yaman on or after March 1, 2011, are not eligible to enter under the VWP. They remain eligible to apply for a regular tourism or business visa – at the expense of more cost and hassle than with the Visa Waiver Program (VWP).Similarly, dual citizens who hold the citizenship of Iran, Iraq, Sudan, or Syria in addition to a nationality otherwise eligible for a visa waiver cannot enter under the VWP. |
The program is open only to travellers who are in the United States for tourism or business purposes. You cannot be coming to the U.S. for formal education, to get a job, or to conduct journalism; if you are, you must get an appropriate visa in advance no matter how short your trip to the U.S. may be.
The 90-day limit is not extendable. A short trip to Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean will not allow a fresh 90 days upon return to the U.S. An extended absence to the neighboring countries may reset the limit, particularly if your first trip to the U.S. was short. Take care if transiting through the U.S. on a trip around North America that exceeds 90 days.
Having a criminal record, having been refused entry, or having been denied a U.S. visa will make you ineligible to enter on the VWP; you will have to apply for a U.S. visa instead.
Entry under the VWP by air or sea requires the completion of an online form and a payment of $14, preferably 72 hours before arrival. The form is called the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). ESTA approval covers multiple trips and is valid for two years (unless your passport expires earlier). This requirement is waived if entering by land.
All passports must be biometric. If your passport is an older one that was issued before biometric passports were available, you will need to obtain a new passport to travel to the U.S. on the VWP.
Entry under the VWP by air or sea requires travel with a signatory carrier. Any commercial scheduled services to the U.S. will be fine, but if you are on a chartered flight or vessel you should check the status of the carrier, as you may require a visa. Flying your own personal aircraft, or sailing your own personal yacht to the U.S. will require you to obtain a tourist visa in advance.
Travellers entering by air or sea should also have a return or onward ticket out of the United States. This requirement is not necessary for residents of Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, or the Caribbean.
Entry under the VWP does not allow you to change your immigration status, and if you are denied entry, the decision can't be appealed and you will immediately be placed on the first flight out.
Viza olish
U.S. Visa/Residence Status Overview
|
For the rest of the world, the visa application fee is a non-refundable $160 (as of October 2018) for visas that are not issued on the basis of a petition and $190 for those that are; this fee is waived under very limited circumstances, namely for people requesting certain exchange visitor visas.
Depending on your nationality and the category of visa you are requesting, you may need to pay an additional fee (ranging from $7–200) only if the visa is issued. This is called a reciprocity fee and is charged by the U.S. to match the fees charged by other countries on U.S. citizens.
Additionally, Chinese (PRC) citizens (that is, anyone travelling to the US on a PRC passport) must enroll ichida Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) for travel into the United States on any 10-year B-type visa. The enrollment is valid for two years (or until passport/visa expiry, whichever comes first) before it needs to be updated again.
The Immigration and Nationality Act states that all persons requesting entry into the U.S. as non-immigrants are presumed to be immigrants until they overcome that presumption by showing evidence of "binding ties" to their home country, and sufficient proof that the visit will be temporary. Applicants also need to demonstrate that they are genuinely entitled to the visa they are applying for. Face-to-face interviews at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate are required for almost all nationalities, and waits for interview slots and visa processing can add up to several months.
Embassies are closed on U.S. holidays va on holidays of the host country, so you need to know both holidays when setting dates to apply for a visa. You should start planning your trip far in advance, as the application process is known to take up to six months.
Do not assume anything. Check on documentation requirements with the U.S. State Department or with the nearest U.S. consulate.
Your visa is generally not tied to your permitted length of stay; for example, a 10-year visa does not allow a stay of 10 years. On the other hand, you can enter the country on the last day of validity of your visa and still be allowed to stay, for example, up to 180 days as a tourist.
Travel to U.S. possessions
America's overseas possessions have slightly different rules. See each destination's article for details.
In brief, Guam, Puerto-Riko, AQSh Virjiniya orollari va Shimoliy Mariana orollari all have the same entry requirements as the 50 states. However, Guam and the Northern Marianas apply the visa waiver program to a few additional countries, while the U.S. Virgin Islands also allows visa-free entry to citizens of the British Virgin Islands.
Amerika Samoasi lies outside the federal immigration jurisdiction and has separate entry requirements.
Arriving in the United States
Immigration
- Shuningdek qarang: Global kirish, NEXUS
On arrival, you will be questioned briefly at immigration to determine if your purpose of entry matches your visa class. If you are unable to convince immigration officers that you intend to abide by the terms of your visa, you will be refused entry and deported.
Once they decide to let you in, you are fingerprinted va a digital photograph is taken. Entry will be denied if either of these procedures is refused.
At selected airports, Canadian and VWP nationals may be able to use automated passport control (APC) kiosks to record their passport and biometric details. Household members traveling together can do this at once. VWP nationals need to have ESTA clearance, and have entered the U.S. at least once since 2008. If successful, the traveller gets a receipt and goes to the designated CBP desk to continue the inspection process. Canadians and other selected nationals may be eligible to participate in various trusted traveler programs such as Global kirish va NEXUS, which allow pre-approved passengers to use a designated kiosk for the inspection process. Unlike APC, these programs require prior application, background checks, an interview, and an application fee, but allows the passenger to bypass intense questioning and skip the lines at immigration for up to 5 years.
Chunki marijuana is illegal under federal law, if you have consumed marijuana or invested in the marijuana industry, you can be banned from entering the United States. This is true even if marijuana is legal in your country and even if it's also legal in the state you're trying to enter. Border officials don't usually ask about marijuana, but if they see a reason to ask, they might. Even a single copy of "High Times" magazine or anything similar is enough to draw suspicion. If you admit to having used marijuana (or any other drug illegal under U.S. federal law) or invested in the industry, or if you are caught lying about it, you can be turned back and banned for life from entering the country. To appeal the ban, you have to apply for a $585 waiver.
Bojxona
Each household (i.e. family members living and traveling together) needs to complete one customs declaration form. Travellers eligible for APC, as well as Global Entry and NEXUS members, can do this electronically using the respective kiosks and need not fill up the paper form. Those eligible for Mobile Passport Control (U.S. citizens and some Canadian citizens) also do not need to fill out the form, provided they have completed the app's questions and have a QR code ready to go. Detailed and up-to-date information on prohibited and restricted items can be found at the relevant government website.
Do not attempt to import items originating from countries against which the U.S. has imposed economic sanctions (Kuba, Eron, Suriya va Sudan); they will be confiscated by customs if discovered. An exception to this rule is cigars and alcoholic beverages (mainly rum) originating from Cuba. With the ongoing thaw in U.S.–Cuban relations, the U.S. has lifted sanctions against importation of these items for personal use (limits are the same as for tobacco and alcohol originating elsewhere).
The United States has very strict biosecurity laws, and imposes restrictions on the types of food that may be brought into the country. In general, fresh food may not be brought into the country, though some types of processed, commercially packaged food may be allowed, depending on the country of origin. Bilan tekshiring United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) batafsil ma'lumot uchun. Hammasi food and plant items being brought into the country must declared and inspected by customs, even if permitted. Failure to declare agricultural products can result in a fine, or in serious cases even prosecution.
Besides your personal effects, which will go home with you, you are allowed to import individual gifts with a value of $100 or less per item. If you're 21 years of age or older, you may also import limited quantities of tobacco va spirtli ichimliklar products duty-free:
- Up to 200 cigarettes (one carton), or up to 50 cigars, or up to 2 kg of loose tobacco products such as snuff, or a proportional combination thereof.
- Up to 1 liter of alcohol. Unlike some countries, the one-liter restriction applies irrespective of strength: a fifth of Scotch at 40% ABV or a standard 750 mL bottle of wine at 14% ABV are both within the allowance, but a six-pack of 12-ounce beers at 5% ABV is almost 2 liters and is over the duty-free allowance.
If you are over the alcohol exemption by a small amount (e.g. a six pack of beer or a second bottle of wine) most customs officers will let this slide for wine and beer if you've made a full and accurate declaration. Anything more than this, or any hard spirits over the limit will likely result in duty and tax being assessed, the amount of which depends in part on the state you're entering to and the country the goods are from. (Duty from Canada, for example, is minimal owing in part to NAFTA.) Customs officers do not show this leniency with tobacco products; expect to pay if you are even one cigarette over!
A reasonable quantity of perfume yoki cologne can also be imported provided the brand is not under a "Trademark Restriction in the United States". There is no restriction on the amount of pul you can bring into or out of the U.S. However, if you are travelling with $10,000 or more (or its equivalent in foreign currency) per household, you must declare it on your customs form and you will be given a special form to fill out; not declaring exposes you to a fine and possible seizure of that cash. Checks, bonds and other financial instruments must also be declared. ATM/Debit cards linked to non-U.S. bank accounts carrying the said amount do not need to be declared (although your bank may impose some withdrawal restrictions and fees to access this money in the U.S.).
The U.S. possessions of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Marianas Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands are outside the federal customs jurisdiction and each have their own separate requirements. Travel between these regions and the rest of the U.S. requires a customs check. There are some differences (mostly larger) in duty exemptions for U.S. citizens returning from these destinations.
Leaving the United States
| Thinking of Overstaying?: Overstaying the period granted at passport control or violating your terms of entry (e.g. work on a B1/B2 status) will automatically invalidate your visa. It will also make it extremely difficult to re-enter the United States and may also bar you from re-entry for at least three years, if not permanently. If you overstayed on the Visa Waiver Program, you will need a visa uchun barchasi future visits. If you overstay for compelling reasons such as medical emergencies and flight delays or cancellations, you will need to keep immigration officials informed of your situation in order to avoid any of the above sanctions. |
Unlike most countries, the U.S. has no formal passport control upon exit, especially for those travelling by air or sea. As such, your airline or shipping company will document your departure and report it to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). The CBP then updates your immigration record. Aliens who arrived in the U.S. by air or sea after mid-2013, and depart by air or sea do not need to do anything further.
If you fall into one of the following categories, you may need to take further action to actively prove that you left the U.S. on time:
- last arrived in the U.S. before mid-2013 through any means (when the paper I-94 card was still physically issued to foreigners): turn over the I-94 card to the airline staff at check-in, or to the Canadian or Mexican immigration officer if departing by land
- arrived in the U.S. via land or private vehicles (paper I-94 cards are still issued here): turnover the I-94 card to the airline staff at check-in, or to the Canadian or Mexican immigration officer if departing by land
- left the U.S. via land or private vehicles: save any evidence that you were outside the U.S. before your authorised stay expired
In any case, on future visits, consider bringing the necessary documents to prove you left legally. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has ma `lumot about what to do if your slip is not collected.
If you take a side trip to Canada or Mexico by land and return within 30 days or the allowed time of your stay (whichever is shorter), you may re-enter the U.S. provided that you do not yet return any issued I-94 card before you proceed to Canada or Mexico. This can also be done even if you entered the U.S. on a single-entry visa, or the visa you entered the U.S. with has expired. However, you will only be admitted for the remainder of your original allowed time; the deadline to leave the U.S. won't be extended by just leaving for somewhere else in North America. If you return the I-94 while on the side trip, you will have to apply all over again to enter the U.S. (which means a new visa for single-entry visa holders) and be subject to the usual questioning.
Try to avoid re-entering the U.S. a few days, weeks or months after one visit. Even if you don't overstay, planning several U.S. visits spaced shortly after each other may be interpreted by immigration officers as "immigrant intent" and cause you grief.
Samolyotda
| Enhanced Security Measures: Passengers on flights to the United States are subject to rigorous checks and security measures prior to boarding. This may include a comprehensive bag search, and rigorous questioning by security personnel for all passengers prior to being allowed to board the aircraft. Arrive at the check-in counter at least 3 hours before your scheduled departure time, and at the boarding gate early so you have enough time to complete all security procedures. |
Most visitors from outside Canada and Mexico arrive in the United States by plane. While many medium sized inland cities have an international airport, there are limited flights to most of these and most travelers find themselves entering the U.S. at one of the major entry points along the coasts. The international airports in Atlanta (ATL IATA), Nyu-York shahri (EWR IATA & JFK IATA; uchun all airports, NYC IATA), Los Anjeles (LAX IATA), Chikago (ORD IATA; for all airports, CHI IATA), San-Fransisko (SFO IATA), Sietl (DENIZ IATA), Mayami (IIV IATA) va Xyuston (IAH IATA) are the main points of entry to the United States by plane.
In general, major cities on the east coast have the best connections to Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and the Middle East, while major cities on the west coast have the best connections to East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania. Most sizeable cities would be served by at least one flight to a major Canadian city, while New York City, Miami, Los Angeles and Houston generally provide the best connections to Latin America. Direct air travel from Kuba was restored to Miami after a 55-year embargo was relaxed in 2014, but some restrictions continue to apply; ga qarang Kubadagi amerikaliklar maqola.
The "big three" carriers, United Airlines, American Airlines va Delta Air Lines, are among the largest airlines in the world, and operate flights from various cities around the globe into their respective hubs. Other smaller U.S.-based airlines also fly internationally, though options are usually limited to destinations within the Americas. Evropaning va Sharqiy Osiyoning aksariyat yirik aviakompaniyalari ham o'z mamlakatlaridan bir nechta yirik markazlarga uchishadi British Airways xususan, o'zlarining markazlaridan AQSh shaharlaridagi eng keng qamrovli tarmoqlardan biriga ega bo'lish LondonXitrou.
AQSh xalqaro tranzit uchun ham to'liq kirish rasmiyligini talab qiladi. Agar sizga odatda AQShga tashrif buyurish uchun viza kerak bo'lsa va imkoni bo'lmasa tranzitdan saqlaning, sizga kamida C-1 tranzit vizasi kerak bo'ladi. Agar siz ichki reysga o'tayotgan bo'lsangiz, AQShning birinchi bekatida bojxona va immigratsiya orqali o'tishingiz kerak; har qanday pul o'tkazmalarini o'tkazish uchun etarli vaqt ajratganingizga ishonch hosil qiling.
Aksariyat aeroportlarning chiqish joylarida ushbu hududdagi motellarning tavsifi va narxi ko'rsatilgan "xushmuomalalik telefonlari" devori mavjud. Siz ushbu motellarga bepul qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz va xonani so'rashingiz mumkin va aeroportda sizni olib ketish uchun transport xizmati keladi. Shuttlelar odatda bepul, lekin siz haydovchiga maslahat berishingiz kerak.
Aeroport xavfsizligi
AQSh aeroportlarida xavfsizlik, ayniqsa, gavjum ta'til paytida juda og'ir. Ko'p vaqt bering (kamida 15 daqiqa, ba'zida 1 soatdan ko'proq) va imkon qadar ozroq narsalarni qadoqlang. Xavfsizlik Transport xavfsizligini boshqarish (TSA). Kattalar ko'rsatishi kerak tasdiqlangan foto ID (pasport etarli).
Xalqaro reysdan ulanish paytida, barchasi yo'lovchilar immigratsiya va bojxona tekshiruvlaridan o'tkazilgandan so'ng, parvozni davom ettirish uchun xavfsizlik tekshiruvidan o'tishlari kerak. Bu barcha suyuqliklar va taqiqlangan narsalarni anglatadi (TSA qoidalari bo'yicha) Duty Free do'konida sotib olingan yoki chet el aeroportidan olib o'tishga ruxsat berilganlar, bojxona hududidan chiqqandan keyin va bagajni qayta tekshirishdan oldin tekshirilgan chamadonga qayta joylashtirilishi kerak. Aksariyat aeroportlarda yuklarni qayta tekshirish uchun tranzit yo'lovchilar uchun ro'yxatdan o'tish stoli yoki bojxonadan tashqarida transportyor lentasi mavjud. Yuklarni qaytarib olish joyida bojxona tekshiruvlaridan oldin buyumlarni qayta to'ldirish yoki qayta joylashtirish mumkin emas.
Cheklovlar mavjud suyuqliklar (shu jumladan jellar, aerozollar, kremlar va pastalar) yuk yukida. Har qanday suyuqlik 3,4 unsiya (100 ml) dan katta bo'lmagan idishlarda saqlanishiga ishonch hosil qiling. Idishlarning barchasi bitta fermuarli plastik sumkaga joylashtirilishi kerak, uning hajmi 1 kvartal (946 ml) yoki undan kam. Bir yo'lovchiga shuncha miqdordagi suyuqlik bilan bitta bitta sumkadan foydalanishga ruxsat beriladi. Dori-darmonlar (shu jumladan, kontakt linzalari uchun fiziologik eritma) va chaqaloq va bolalarni oziqlantirish bepul, ammo qo'shimcha tekshiruvdan o'tkaziladi; agar siz ushbu narsalarni olib yurayotgan bo'lsangiz, TSA agentlariga xabar bering, ularni boshqa suyuqliklaringizdan alohida saqlang va ularni oldindan aniq belgilang.
Agar siz belgilangan yukni qulflashni xohlasangiz, TSA sizdan Travel Sentry TSA qulflash tizimiga ega bo'lgan maxsus qulflardan foydalanishni talab qiladi. Ushbu qulflar sizning sumkangizni tekshirishni xohlasalar, asosiy kalit yordamida TSA xodimlari tomonidan ochilishi mumkin. Agar sizning qulfingiz TSA tomonidan tasdiqlangan qulflardan biri bo'lmasa, TSA uni buzadi va siz etkazilgan zarar uchun hech qanday tovon puli olishga haqli emassiz.
Oldindan tozalash
- Kanadadan
Sayohatlari Kanadaning yirik aeroportlaridan boshlanadigan va AQSh yoki Kanadadagi aviakompaniyalarni jalb qiladigan yo'lovchilar bo'ladi odatda AQShning chiqish rasmiyligini (pasport nazorati va bojxona) o'zlarining Kanadadagi chiqish portida rasmiylashtirishi mumkin. Ushbu parvozlar AQShning ichki reyslari bilan bir xil tarzda amalga oshiriladi va Kanadalik ko'pgina aviakompaniyalar AQShning ichki terminallarida yoki aksariyat aeroportlarda konkurslarda joylashgan. Bojxona va immigratsiya muassasalari bo'lmagan ba'zi aeroportlar (masalan, Nyu-York shahridagi LaGuardia aeroporti) Kanadadan oldindan rasmiylashtirilgan reyslarni qabul qilishadi.
Filippin aviakompaniyalari va Ketay Tinch okeani kabi xorijiy aviakompaniyalar tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan AQSh-Kanada reyslarida sayohat qiluvchilar va Kanadaning kichik aeroportlaridan, xalqaro xavfsizlik punktlariga ega bo'lmaganlar, AQShning birinchi bekatiga etib borganlarida kirish rasmiylashtirilishida davom etishadi; yo'lovchilar butun tranzit vaqtini ushlab turish joyida bo'lgan taqdirda ham, Kanada tranzit vizasi talab qilinishi mumkin.
Kanadadagi ba'zi aeroportlar, shu jumladan Vankuver Xalqaro aeroport, 1-terminal Toronto-Pearson aeroporti va Monreal-Truudo aeroporti, odatda, chet eldan tranzit qilingan yo'lovchilarni AQShning rasmiy rasmiylashtirishidan oldin Kanada bojxona va immigratsiya nazorati orqali o'tishini talab qilmaydi. Ammo, agar siz ushbu aeroportlardan o'tib ketgan bo'lsangiz ham, hujjatlaringiz Kanadaga kirishga ruxsat berish uchun ekanligiga ishonch hosil qiling: agar siz o'sha kuni AQShga sayohat qila olmasangiz, siz oldindan xavfsizlikni ta'minlaysiz, agar siz aeroportga kirish uchun tozalanmagan bo'lsangiz Qo'shma Shtatlar, yoki agar siz va / yoki sizning yuklaringiz aviakompaniya tomonidan hech bo'lmaganda Qo'shma Shtatlardagi birinchi manzilingizga etib kelmasa, siz Kanada bojxonasiga xabar berishingiz kerak; Kanada tranziti yoki vaqtincha yashash vizasi talab qilinishi mumkin. Ushbu kelishuv teskari yo'nalishda qo'llanilmaydi, ya'ni parvoz paytida siz Kanadalik urf-odatlar va immigratsiya orqali o'tishingiz kerak.
- Boshqa mamlakatlardan
Xavfsizlik xizmatidan foydalanish imkoniyatlari Queen Beatrix xalqaro aeroportida joylashgan Aruba, Katta Bahama va Lynden Pindling xalqaro aeroportlari Bagama orollari, Bermud Xalqaro aeroport, Dublin va Shannon Xalqaro aeroportlar Irlandiyava Abu-Dabi Xalqaro aeroport Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari.
British Airways aviakompaniyasining reyslarida yo'lovchilar London Dublin yoki Shannon (Irlandiya) orqali tranzit qilingan Nyu-York shahriga, AQSh pasport nazorati va Dublin yoki Shannonda bojxona nazorati orqali foydalanish mumkin.
Mashinada
| COVID-19 ma `lumot: AQShning Kanada va Meksika bilan chegaralari muhim bo'lmagan sayohat uchun yopiq. |
| (Axborot oxirgi marta 11 dekabr 2020 yil yangilangan) |
| Viza cheklovlari: Qo'shma Shtatlarga quruqlik orqali kirishni istagan barcha odamlar tegishli pasportga ega bo'lishi kerak; NEXUS, Tez, Global kirish, SENTRI yoki pasport kartasi; Lazer vizasi; yoki "kengaytirilgan haydovchilik guvohnomasi" (AQShning ayrim shtatlari va Kanada provinsiyalari tomonidan berilgan). |
AQSh-Kanada va AQSh-Meksika chegaralari har kuni millionlab o'tish joylari bo'lgan eng tez-tez kesib o'tiladigan ikkitadir. O'rtacha kutish vaqti 30 minutni tashkil qiladi, ammo ba'zi eng gavjum o'tish joylari kechikishlarga duch keladi - eng yuqori paytlarda (dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari) 1-2 soatga yaqinlashadi. Joriy kutish vaqtlari (soatiga yangilanadi) saytida mavjud AQSh bojxona xizmati veb-sayti. AQSh-Meksika chegarasi giyohvand moddalar savdosi uchun katta foyda keltiradi, shuning uchun transport vositalarini kesib o'tish rentgen nurida yoki giyohvand moddalarni hidlaydigan it tomonidan qidirilishi mumkin. Agar shubha bo'lsa, sizning vositangiz qidirilishi mumkin. Bu odatiy hodisa bo'lgani uchun, chegara agentlaridan sabr-toqat kutmang.
Quruqlik bilan kiradigan xorijliklar chegarani kesib o'tishda 6 dollar miqdorida to'lovni to'lashlari shart. Agar siz Kanada yoki Meksikaga qo'shimcha sayohat qilgan bo'lsangiz va AQShga qayta kirsangiz, hech qanday to'lov olinmaydi.
Avtobusda
Greyhound Kanada va Meksikadan arzon transchegaraviy xizmatni taklif etadi. Toronto - Buffalo kabi ba'zi marshrutlarda soatiga xizmat ko'rsatiladi. Megabus AQSh har kuni Torontodan (shuningdek, Megabus Kanada uchun markaz) Nyu-York shahriga sayohat qiladi. qo'tos $ 1 ga qadar.
Shahar avtobus tizimining yo'nalishlaridan biri Vindzor, Ontario (Tunnel Bus) yo'lovchilarni olib boradi Detroyt - piyodalar yoki velosipedlar ko'prikda, tunnelda yoki paromda yurish taqiqlanadi.
Avtobus yo'lovchilari ko'pincha AQSh bojxonasi xodimlarining avtoulov yoki poezd yo'lovchilariga qaraganda ko'proq tekshirilishini boshdan kechirishadi.
Qayiqda
Bugungi kunda dengiz orqali kirish juda keng tarqalgan emas. Xususiy qayiqlar uchun eng keng tarqalgan kirish joylari Los Anjeles, yoki Florida va boshqa Sharqiy qirg'oq davlatlari. Kanadadan ba'zi yo'lovchi paromlari, asosan, o'rtasida mavjud Britaniya Kolumbiyasi va Vashington shtati yoki Alyaska.
Kundar Buyuk Britaniya va Nyu-York shahri o'rtasida transatlantik kemalarga sayohat qilishni taklif qiladi.
Oralaridagi paromlar Britaniya Kolumbiyasi va Vashington davlat dengizga kirish punktlari emas, balki quruqlik chegaralarini kesib o'tish joylari sifatida qaraladi. Bu shuni anglatadiki, VWP-ga tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun ESTA talab qilinmasa ham, AQShga shu tarzda kiradigan mehmonlar quruqlik chegaralarida olinadigan kirish uchun 6 dollar miqdorida to'lovni to'lashlari kerak bo'ladi.
Poyezdda
Amtrak Kanadaning Vankuver shaharlaridan xalqaro xizmatni taklif etadi (Amtrak kaskadlari Sietlga), Toronto (zarang yaprog'i orqali Nyu-York shahriga Niagara sharsharasi) va Monreal (Adirondack Albany orqali Nyu-York shahriga).
Monreal va Torontodan kelgan xalqaro poezdlarda immigratsiya rasmiylashtiruvi chegarada amalga oshiriladi; bu avtobusga qaraganda ancha ko'proq vaqt talab etadi, ya'ni avtobus ko'pincha poezdga qaraganda arzonroq va tezroq bo'ladi.
Vankuverdan kelgan sayohatchilar, xuddi havo qatnovida bo'lgani kabi, poezdga chiqishdan oldin AQShning Tinch okeanining markaziy stantsiyasida immigratsiya va bojxona qoidalarini aniqlaydilar. Tekshiruvlar uchun etarli vaqt ajratganingizga ishonch hosil qiling.
Meksikadan eng yaqin Amtrak stantsiyalari joylashgan San-Diego, Yuma, Del Rio va El-Paso. Amtrak poezdlari Meksika chegarasini kesib o'tmaydi, shuning uchun yo'lovchilar mahalliy jamoat transportida yoki Amtrak stantsiyasidan taksida chegara tomon yo'l olishadi. Meksikaning istalgan joyidan chegaraga yo'lovchi poezdlari yo'q.
Piyoda
Shahar joylarda piyodalar o'tishi mumkin bo'lgan ko'plab chegara punktlari mavjud. Yaqin atrofdagilar kabi o'tish joylari Niagara sharsharasi, Detroyt, Tixuana, Nogalesva El-Paso chegarani narigi tomonida o'tkazishni istaganlar uchun mashhurdir. Ba'zi hollarda, bu kunduzgi sayohatchilar uchun ideal bo'lishi mumkin, chunki avtoulov bilan o'tish ancha uzoq kutishi mumkin.
Atrofga boring
| COVID-19 ma `lumot: CDC, muhim bo'lmagan sayohatlarni to'xtatish bilan birga, mahalliy sayohatchilar COVID-19ga qarshi to'liq emlangan (oxirgi dozadan kamida 14 kun o'tgach) sayohat uchun test yoki karantin tavsiyalariga amal qilishlari shart emasligini e'lon qildi. Sayohatchilar CDC vakolatiga binoan Qo'shma Shtatlarning barcha jamoat transportlarida niqob kiyishlari shart, faqat faol ovqatlanish yoki ichishdan tashqari. 2 yoshgacha bo'lgan bolalar yoki nogironligi sababli kiyib yurolmaydigan sayohatchilar uchun niqoblar talab qilinmaydi. |
| (Axborot oxirgi marta 2021 yil 7-aprelda yangilangan) |
AQShning kattaligi va yirik shaharlarni ajratib turadigan masofa qisqa muddatli sayohatchilar uchun uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilishning asosiy rejimiga aylanadi. Agar vaqtingiz bo'lsa yoki qisqa masofaga sayohat qilsangiz, avtoulov, avtobus yoki temir yo'l qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin.
Ba'zi davlatlar trafik va jamoat transporti to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarni telefoningizga 511 raqamiga qo'ng'iroq qilib taklif qilishadi.
Karantin cheklovlari AQSh va kontinental o'rtasida sayohat qilishda mavjud Gavayi.
Samolyotda
- Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlarda uchish
AQShda shaharlararo sayohat qilishning eng tezkor va ko'pincha eng qulay usuli samolyotdir. Sohildan sohilga sayohat sharqdan g'arbga qariyb 6 soat, g'arbdan sharqqa 5 soat davom etadi (shamol tufayli o'zgarib turadi), quruqlikda tashish uchun zarur bo'lgan kunlarga nisbatan. AQShning aksariyat yirik shaharlarida bir yoki ikkita aeroport xizmat qiladi; ko'plab kichik shaharlarda yo'lovchilarga havo xizmati ham mavjud, garchi u erga etib borish uchun yirik markaz aeroporti orqali aylanib o'tish kerak bo'lsa. Qaerdan boshlaganingizga qarab, yaqin atrofdagi katta shaharga avtobusda, poezdda yoki avtoulovda sayohat qilish va uchish yoki aksincha, manzilingiz yaqinidagi katta shaharga uchib borish va er bilan belgilangan manzilga sayohat qilish arzonroq bo'lishi mumkin.
Eng yirik aviakompaniyalar American Airlines, Deltava Birlashgan va mamlakatning ikkita arzon transport kompaniyalari, Janubi-g'arbiy va JetBlue. Alaska Airlines va Hawaiian Airlines yirik mintaqaviy, kichik aviakompaniyalar esa Ruh, Chegara, Allegiant va Quyosh mamlakati kirishishga harakat qilmoqda. Bundan tashqari, kichikroq mintaqaviy aviakompaniyalar mavjud bo'lib, ular magistral yo'nalishdagi aviakompaniyalarning sho'ba korxonalari bo'lib, ularni ota-onalari orqali bron qilishlari mumkin.
Yirik tashuvchilar yirik marshrutlarda biznes uchun raqobatlashadilar va ikki yoki undan ko'p hafta oldin bron qilmoqchi bo'lgan sayohatchilar chegirmalarni olishlari mumkin. Ammo aksariyat kichik yo'nalishlarga faqat bitta yoki ikkita mintaqaviy avtoulovlar xizmat ko'rsatadi va u erda narxlar qimmat bo'lishi mumkin. Endi "arzon narxlar" va "magistral yo'nalish" tashuvchilar o'rtasida to'lovlar va xizmatlarda deyarli farq yo'q. Arzon narxlardagi avtoulovlar vaqti-vaqti bilan magistral tashuvchilarga qaraganda ko'proq qulayliklarni taklif qilishadi, masalan, hatto qisqa masofaga parvoz qilish uchun samolyotda ko'ngil ochish yoki bepul ro'yxatdan o'tgan yuk. Masalan, Southwest Airlines aviakompaniyasi yo'lovchilarga o'zlarining asosiy narxlarida ikki donagacha sumkani rasmiylashtirishga imkon beradi.
Xavfsizlik
- Qarang § xavfsizlik ostida § Kirish - Samolyotda
Xususiy samolyotda
- Shuningdek qarang: Umumiy aviatsiya
Eng kichik xususiy samolyotni ijaraga olish narxi parvoz soatiga taxminan 4000 dollardan boshlanadi, kattaroq, uzoq masofaga uchadigan samolyotlar narxi ancha yuqori bo'lib, kichikroq parvona samolyotlari uchun arzonroq. Shaxsiy parvozlar hech qanday arzonga tushmasa ham, to'rt yoki undan ortiq kishilik oila ko'pincha birinchi darajali tijorat aviakompaniyalari chiptalarini sotib olishga o'xshash yoki hattoki qulay narxlarda birgalikda uchishi mumkin, ayniqsa, tijorat reyslari eng qimmat bo'lgan kichik aeroportlarga, va xususiy parvoz eng arzon narxda. Garchi siz xalqaro toifadagi to'rtinchi toifali oilani uchishdan ko'ra arzonroq bo'lsa ham, G'arbiy Evropadan sayohat qilishdan tashqari, bu juda kam hollarda bo'ladi. Umumiy aviatsiya tashqi tumanlarga etib borishning eng amaliy usuli hisoblanadi Alyaska.
Havo charteri shaxsiy samolyotni bir martalik sayohatga yollashni nazarda tutadi. Jet kartalar oldindan to'langan kartalar bo'lib, egasiga ma'lum bir samolyotda parvoz soatining aniq sonini olish huquqini beradi. Barcha xarajatlar kartada oldindan to'langanligi sababli, siz o'lik vaqt, parvozlar, qo'nish to'lovlari va boshqalar bilan o'zingizni qiziqtirmasligingiz kerak.
Amerika chegaralaridagi ko'plab shahar aeroportlari yakka tartibdagi kichik samolyotlarni qabul qiladi. Ularga bir-ikki soat oldindan ogohlantiring, shunda ular chegara mulozimlarini kichkina xususiy samolyotni ekzotik va chet eldan kutib olishlari mumkin Brokvill, va siz ularning nomlariga "Xalqaro aeroport" ni qo'shish uchun kerak bo'lgan bahonani keltirdingiz.
Poyezdda
- Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlarda temir yo'l bilan sayohat
Uchish va avtoulovlarning mashhurligi tufayli Qo'shma Shtatlarda yo'lovchi temir yo'llari tarmog'i bir asr oldin bo'lgan narsaning soyasi hisoblanadi. Qo'shma Shtatlar hali ham dunyodagi eng uzun temir yo'l tarmog'iga ega bo'lsa-da, bugungi kunda bu yuk tashish uchun asosan foydalanilmoqda. Ba'zi koridorlardan tashqari (asosan shimoliy-sharqda ikkinchi qarindoshi bo'lgan joyda) yuqori tezlikda harakatlanadigan temir yo'l Qo'shma Shtatlarda yo'lovchi poezdlari hayratlanarli darajada kam, sekin, ishonchsiz va qimmat bo'lishi mumkin. Milliy temir yo'l tizimi, Amtrak☏ 1-800-AQSh-temir yo'l (872-7245), ko'plab shaharlarga xizmat ko'rsatadi va ko'pincha parvozdan ko'ra qimmatroq. Ko'proq shaharlarda Amtrak juda samarali va qulay bo'lishi mumkin, ammo qishloq joylarda kechikish odatiy holdir. Belgilangan joylaringiz o'rtasida poezdlar sayohat qilishini ta'minlash uchun oldindan rejalashtiring. Bag'ishlangan yo'q tezyurar temir yo'l Qo'shma Shtatlardagi tarmoq va o'zingizni haydash uzoq masofalarga sayohat qilishda tez-tez poezdga qaraganda tezroq bo'ladi.
Amtrak talabalar va qariyalar uchun 15% reklama chegirmalariga va faqat xalqaro sayohatchilar uchun 30 kunlik AQSh temir yo'l chiptalariga ega. Agar siz sayohat qilganingizdan keyin bir hafta ichida oddiy chiptani sotib olishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, veb-saytni ba'zan muhim "haftalik maxsus" narsalarni tekshirib ko'ring.
Amtrak boshqa transport turlarida etishmayotgan ko'plab qulayliklar va xizmatlarni taklif etadi. Amtrakning marshrutlari Amerikaning eng go'zal joylarini kesib o'tadi. Vaqti cheklangan sayohatchilar, poezdda sayohat qilishni qulay deb bilmasligi mumkin, chunki bu mamlakat kattava bu "kattalik", ayniqsa, ko'plab tabiiy zonalarda yaqqol ko'rinadi. Vaqti yetarli bo'lganlar uchun poezd sayohatlari AQShning mislsiz ko'rinishini taqdim etadi. Ba'zi eng tabiiy marshrutlarga quyidagilar kiradi: Kaliforniya Zefiri o'rtasida ishlaydi Emeryvil ichida San-Frantsisko ko'rfazi hududi Kaliforniyaning Chikagodagi va Empire Builder Chikagodan Sietlga yoki Portlendga boradi. Ikkalasida ham poldan shiftgacha derazalar va ikki qavatli avtoulovlar bilan jihozlangan zal mavjud.
Amerikaning odatdagi ta'til vaqtida ba'zi bir uzoq masofali poezdlar (shimoli-sharqdan tashqarida) bir necha hafta yoki hatto bir necha oy oldin sotilishi mumkin. Erta bron qilish, shuningdek, barcha poezdlar uchun narxlarni pasayishiga olib keladi. Xuddi shu kun uchun bron qilish oson va siz sotib olgan tarif qoidalariga qarab, kunning o'zida sayohat rejalarini to'lovsiz o'zgartirishingiz mumkin.
Ko'pgina yirik shaharlar juda ishonchli shahar poezdlari yo'lovchilarni shahar atrofi yoki boshqa nisbatan yaqin joylardan olib o'tadigan transport vositalari. Ba'zi yo'lovchi poezd stantsiyalarida shahar poytaxtidagi magistralga boradigan shahar poyezdi uchun avtoulov va sayr qilish imkoniyatlari mavjud, bu erda transport va to'xtash joylari avtoulovlardan foydalanishni murakkablashtiradi. Ba'zi bir yo'lovchi poezdlari tizimlari va xizmatlari dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlarida ishlamaydi, hatto tez-tez kamayib ketadigan chastotalarda ham, shuning uchun tizimni oldindan rejalashtirish uchun veb-saytini tekshirib ko'ring. Chiptalarni sotib oling oldin Siz poezdga o'tirasiz, chunki siz yo ancha qimmatroq narxga yoki katta miqdorda jarimaga tortilasiz.
Bir nechta yirik shaharlar ham ishlaydi metro yoki engil temir yo'l shahar yoki metro hududida mahalliy sayohat uchun xizmat.
Qayiqda
Amerika eng katta tizimga ega ichki suv yo'llari dunyodagi har qanday mamlakatning. Qo'shma Shtatlar ichida qayiqda sayohat qilish butunlay mumkin. Siz tanlagan suv transporti tanlovi o'ziyurar qayiq va baydarkalardan tortib uy quradigan qayiqlar va daryo kemalarida sayohatlarga qadar.
Daryolar va kanallar mamlakatni rivojlantirish uchun muhim omil bo'lgan va qayiqda sayr qilish sizga millat haqida noyob qarash va o'ziga xos manzaralarni beradi. Dam olish uchun qayiq va / yoki rejalashtirilgan kruizlar uchun ochiq suv yo'llarining ayrim misollari:
- Nyu-York shtati kanal tizimi to'rtta kanalni boshqaradi (shu jumladan mashhurlar) Eri kanali) rekreatsiya va tijorat maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun ochiq bo'lgan 524 milya (843 km) suv yo'lini o'z ichiga oladi. Qarang Nyu-York shtati tafsilotlar uchun.
- Sent-Lourens dengiz yo'li endi Shimoliy Amerikaga yirik kemalar kirishining asosiy porti hisoblanadi. Dam olish kemalari xush kelibsiz, ammo Dengiz yo'li juda katta hunarmandchilik uchun mo'ljallangan va minimal qayiq uzunligi 6 m (20 fut) ni tashkil qiladi. Dengiz yo'li Kanadaning sharqidan boshlanib, Buyuk ko'llarga boradi.
- The Missisipi daryosi shimoliy-janubga AQShning ichki qismi orqali Meksika ko'rfaziga kirish imkoniyatini beradi va barcha asosiy ichki suv yo'llari bilan, shu jumladan Missuri va Ogayo daryolari.
Har yili ko'plab boshlang'ich qayiqlar ushbu suv yo'llarida muvaffaqiyatli harakat qilishadi. Qayiqning har qanday turi biroz tayyorgarlik va rejalashtirishni talab qiladi. Umuman olganda, Sohil Xavfsizlik, Kanal va Dengiz yo'llari ma'murlari dam olish kemalariga yordam berish uchun barcha imkoniyatlardan foydalanishadi. Ba'zida ular sizga darhol itoat etishingiz kerak bo'lgan ko'rsatmalar berishadi. Masalan, kichik hunarmandchilardan kanallarda kattaroq hunarmandchilikka yo'l berishni so'rashlari mumkin va ob-havo sharoiti sizdan to'xtashingiz yoki marshrutingizni o'zgartirishingizni talab qilishi mumkin.
Doimiy paromlar qirg'oqlar bo'ylab turli yo'nalishlarda mavjud. Mamlakatning shimoli-g'arbida siz feribotlari bilan sayohat qilishingiz mumkin Alyaskadagi dengiz yo'llari tizimi dan Bellingham (Vashington) Alyaskaning janubiy sohillari bo'ylab Golland Makoni-Unalaska. Bonus sifatida siz go'zal tog 'va arxipelag manzaralaridan bahramand bo'lasiz. Bundan tashqari, Alyaskaning mag'lubiyatga uchragan yo'lining katta qismiga faqat qayiqda borish mumkin. Kontinental AQSh va o'rtasida tijorat yo'lovchi xizmati mavjud emas Gavayi.
Mashinada
- Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlarda haydash
Amerikaning avtomobil bilan bo'lgan muhabbati afsonaviy, shuning uchun sayohat qilish Avtomobilsiz Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Aksariyat Amerika shaharlari avtoulovlarni hisobga olgan holda rivojlangan, shuning uchun o'z avtomobilingizni ijaraga olish yoki olib kelish odatda juda yaxshi g'oya. Nyu-York, Chikago, Boston, San-Frantsisko va Vashingtonda jamoat transportidan foydalanish afzalroq bo'lgan bir nechta yirik shaharlar mavjud. Los-Anjeles, Atlanta va Mayami singari boshqa juda katta shaharlarda jamoat transporti imkoniyatlari cheklangan va kichik shaharlarda imkoniyatlar yanada yomonlashadi. Tez-tez taksilar va minish xizmatlari mavjud, ammo ular qimmatga tushishi mumkin va taksilarni (ayniqsa) aeroportlardan tashqarida topish qiyin. Aksariyat amerikaliklar haydash bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar berishdan mamnun bo'lishsa-da, ko'pchilik mahalliy jamoat transporti imkoniyatlarini yaxshi bilmasa ajablanmang.
Asosiy davlatlararo avtomagistral tizimi odatda har bir shtatning faqat yirik shaharlarini bog'laydi. AQSh svetoforlari va shtatlardagi marshrutlar sizni svetoforda to'xtashga va piyodalar bilan muomala qilishga qarshi bo'lmasangiz, sizni ko'plab qiziqarli joylarga olib borishi mumkin. Yo'llarning aksariyat uchastkalari bepul foydalanish huquqiga ega, ammo ba'zi birlari uchun yig'imlar olinadi.
Buyuk Amerika yo'l sayohati
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G'oyaga romantik murojaat ilova qilingan uzoq masofali avtoulovlarga sayohat; ko'plab amerikaliklar sizga "haqiqiy" Amerikani mashinadan tashqari ko'rish mumkin emasligini aytishadi. Amerikaning aksariyat shaharlarida jamoat transporti kamligini hisobga olib, sayohat qilish uchun vaqt yo'qotadi o'rtasida shaharlarni uchish emas, balki aylanib o'tish qulayligi bilan to'ldirish mumkin ichida Bir marta kelganingizda shaharlar. Bundan tashqari, mamlakatning ko'plab yirik tabiiy diqqatga sazovor joylarkabi Katta Kanyon, avtoulovsiz yoki avtobus safari bilan borish deyarli mumkin emas. Agar vaqtingiz bo'lsa, ijaraga olingan avtomobil bilan klassik Amerika sayohatiga erishish juda oson. (Bir tomonlama ijaraga olish uchun siz ozgina xarid qilishingiz kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Sizga transport vositasini bosib o'tishga qancha kilometr yo'l qo'yganiga e'tibor bering, chunki siz diqqatga sazovor joylarni tomosha qilish uchun aylanib o'tishni xohlaysiz.) Masofalar tufayli, bunday sayohat g'ildirak ortida ko'p kunlarni anglatishi mumkin, shuning uchun siz foydalanadigan avtomobilning qulayligiga e'tibor bering. Bir nechta haydovchi va bir nechta to'xtash joylari bo'lgan "qirg'oqdan sohilga" sayohat kamida 5 kun davom etadi (agar sizda kuchli siydik pufagi bo'lsa, 4½).
Haydovchilik to'g'risidagi qonunlar
Amerikaliklar Kanada va Meksikaga o'xshab chap qo'lda harakatlanadigan transport vositalarida o'ng tomonda harakat qilishadi. Haydovchilik to'g'risidagi qonun birinchi navbatda davlat qonunchiligiga kiradi va davlat va mahalliy politsiya tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. Shtat-davlat o'rtasida ba'zi bir kichik farqlar mavjud bo'lsa-da, yo'l harakati qoidalari mamlakat bo'ylab juda mos keladi.
18 yosh va undan katta bo'lgan chet ellik mehmonlar, odatda, davlat qonunchiligiga binoan chet el haydovchilik guvohnomasida bir yilgacha harakat qilishlari mumkin. Ingliz tilida bo'lmagan litsenziyalarga Xalqaro Haydovchilik Hujjati (IDP) yoki tasdiqlangan tarjimasi ilova qilinishi kerak.
Amerikalik haydovchilarning aksariyati turar-joy mahallalarida xotirjam va xavfsiz harakatlanishga moyil. Biroq, shahar markazidagi er usti ko'chalari va katta shahar tezyurar yo'llari tez-tez tezlikni oshirib yuboradigan, yo'l harakati xavfsizligini o'zgartiradigan yoki boshqa avtoulovlarni xavfli bo'lmagan masofalarda kuzatib boradigan "shoshilinch" haydovchilar bilan to'lib toshadi ("dumaloq"). Tezlikni cheklashni ta'minlash oldindan aytib bo'lmaydi va har bir shtatda har xil. Boshqa haydovchilar bilan hamqadam bo'lish odatda muammolardan qochadi. Aks holda yuqori tezlikda qishloq yo'llari (va shahar atrofidagi o'rta tezlikdagi yo'llar) bo'ylab joylashgan kichik shaharlardan ehtiyot bo'ling; ushbu shaharlar ichidagi past tezlik chegaralari qat'iyan bajariladi.
Avtobusda
- Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlarda uzoq masofali avtobus sayohati
Shaharlararo avtobuslarda sayohat keng tarqalgan, ammo hamma joyda mavjud emas. Yaqin atrofdagi yirik shaharlar o'rtasida xizmat tez-tez bo'lib turadi va ko'pincha ko'plab kichik shaharlarni mintaqaviy shaharlar bilan bog'laydi. Odatda bu sayohat qilishning "quyi sinf" usuli hisoblanadi, ammo umuman ishonchli, xavfsiz va arzon. Biroq, ba'zi shaharlarda avtobus bekatlari qo'pol mahallalarda (masalan, Los-Anjeles) joylashgan.
Greyhound avtobus liniyalari (☏ 1-800-231-2222) va shunga o'xshash bir nechta sheriklik liniyalari Bolt avtobusi 45 ta shtatdagi Amerika avtobuslari sayohatining asosiy ulushiga ega. Chiptalarini sayohat qilish kunidan 7–14 kun oldin sotib olgan sayohatchilar uchun chegirmalar mavjud. Greyhound avtobuslari odatda 5-7 soatlik segmentlarda harakatlanadi, bu vaqtda barcha yo'lovchilar avtobusdan tushishlari kerak, shunda ham tunda bo'lsa ham unga xizmat ko'rsatish mumkin. Davomi davom etadigan yo'lovchilar endigina o'tirganlar oldidan o'tiradilar. Yashash joylari birinchi navbatda, ba'zi shaharlarda bundan mustasno, bu erda birinchi o'ringa chiqish uchun 5 dollar to'lashingiz mumkin.
MegabusGreyhound-ning eng katta raqobatchisi asosan Atlanta, Chikago, Dallas, Nyu-Orlean, Nyu-York, Vashington va boshqa bir qator shaharlarning markazlari o'rtasida O'rta G'arbiy va mamlakatning sharqiy qismida joylashgan. Shuningdek, Kanadaning Monreal va Toronto shaharlariga ulanish imkoniyatlari mavjud. Shuningdek, g'arbda O'rta G'arbiy va Sharqiy sohil yo'nalishlari bilan bog'lanmagan bir nechta marshrutlar mavjud.
Chinatown avtobuslari arzon standart naqd pulini jilovlashni ta'minlaydigan kichik mustaqil kompaniyalardir. Ushbu yo'nalishlar asosan shimoli-sharqda Boston, Nyu-York, Filadelfiya, Vashington va Baltimor o'rtasida ishlaydi. Ba'zilar shimoli-sharqdan O'rta G'arbiy va Janubiy yo'nalishlarga boradilar. Boshqalari Kaliforniya, Nevada va Arizona o'rtasida ishlaydi. Tegishli shahar qo'llanmalariga qarang va GoToBus.com qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun.
Ispaniyalik avtobus kompaniyalari mamlakatdagi eng keng avtobuslarga ega. Ko'pchilik Meksikadagi avtobus kompaniyalarining sheriklik brendlari yoki sho''ba korxonalari bo'lib, transchegaraviy xizmatlarni chegara hududlaridan tashqarida, shimolga qadar Chikagoga, Atlanta va sharqiy Mexiko shaharlarigacha olib boradilar. Qarang AQShda uzoq masofali avtobus sayohati.
Turli xil kichik kompaniyalar butun mamlakat bo'ylab avtobus xizmatlarini taklif qilishadi. Ularning bir nechtasi ostida joylashgan Yo'l yo'llari tovar belgisi, uni tez-tez Greyhound bilan bo'lishadigan joyni topasiz.
Eng kichik shaharlardan tashqari barcha shaharlarda biron bir narsa mavjud mahalliy avtobus xizmati, lekin ko'pincha boshqa mamlakatlarning o'xshash o'lchamdagi shaharlari bilan taqqoslaganda cheklangan bo'ladi. Umuman olganda AQShda mahalliy avtobuslar har bir to'xtash joyida to'xtamaydi. Ba'zi shaharlarda, agar ular avtobus bekatida kimdir kutib turganini ko'rsalar, to'xtab qolishadi, ammo boshqa shaharlarda siz ularga minishni xohlayotganingizni bildirish uchun ozgina to'lqin berishingiz kerak bo'ladi. Agar siz avtobusda bo'lsangiz va keyingi to'xtash joyidan tushishni xohlasangiz, haydovchiga ishora qilish uchun siz bosish uchun tugma yoki tortish uchun ip bor.
Rekreatsion transport vositasida (RV)
- Asosiy maqola: Avtomobil lagerlari
Dam olish vositalari - yotoqxona va yashash joylarini o'z ichiga olgan katta, ba'zida avtobus o'lchamidagi transport vositalari - bu mamlakatni sayohat qilishning aniq Amerika yo'li. Ba'zi RVers o'z uylarini xohlagan joyida haydash va RV lagerlari taqdim etadigan do'stlikdan bahramand bo'lish qulayligini yaxshi ko'radilar. Boshqa odamlar RVing bilan bog'liq muammolarni va texnik xizmat ko'rsatishni yoqtirmaydi. Nyu-York singari ulkan metropolga RV haydash haqida o'ylamang. Shunga qaramay, agar siz Qo'shma Shtatlar ichida keng haydashni xohlasangiz va katta burg'ulash moslamasi bilan ishlashni qulay deb bilsangiz, RV ijaraga olish imkoniyatini ko'rib chiqishingiz kerak.
Mototsiklda
Kros bo'ylab sayohatlarning hayajoni va quvnoqligi mototsiklda borganingizda yanada kuchayadi. Xarli-Devidson eng mashhur Amerika mototsikl markasi va Harley a ishlaydi mototsikllarni ijaraga berish dasturi litsenziyaga ega va to'liq og'irlikdagi mototsiklni boshqarishga qodir bo'lganlar uchun. Mamlakatning ba'zi hududlarida siz boshqa turdagi mototsikllarni ham ijaraga olishingiz mumkin, masalan, sport velosipedlari, sayyohlik velosipedlari va ikki tomonlama sport velosipedlari. Mototsikllarda tajribasi bo'lmaganlar uchun Harley va boshqa dilerlik markazlari yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun darslar taklif qiladi. Dubulg'a kiyish, garchi barcha shtatlarda talab qilinmasa ham, har doim yaxshi fikr. "Yo'llarni taqsimlash" yoki "bo'laklarni ajratish" deb ham ataladigan, sekinroq bo'lgan avtoulovlar qatori o'rtasida yurish amaliyoti noqonuniy hisoblanadi, faqat Kaliforniyada u toqat qilinadigan va keng tarqalgan. Yakkaxon mototsiklchilar qonuniy ravishda o'z ish vaqtlarida "ko'p odamlar uchun mo'ljallangan transport vositasi" yoki "avtoulov" yo'llaridan foydalanishlari mumkin.
Amerikaning mototsiklga bo'lgan ishtiyoqi mototsikl submulturasiga olib keldi. Mototsikl klublari - bu yuqori darajadagi tuzilgan klub ierarxiyasi doirasida ma'lum bir mototsikl markasini haydashga bag'ishlangan a'zolar uchun eksklyuziv klublar. Minadigan klublar velosipedlarning ma'lum bir tovar belgisi atrofida tashkil etilishi yoki bo'lmasligi va minishni istagan har bir kishiga ochiq a'zolikni taklif qilishi mumkin. Mashhur mototsikl mitinglari Sturgis, Janubiy Dakota, bu mamlakat bo'ylab mototsiklchilarning katta yig'ilishlari. Ko'pgina mototsiklchilar biron bir klubga aloqador emas va mustaqil ravishda yoki do'stlari bilan sayr qilishni afzal ko'rishadi. Umuman olganda, mototsikl amaliy transport vositasidan farqli o'laroq, sevimli mashg'ulot sifatida qaraladi; bu, masalan, aksariyat amerikalik motosiklchilar noqulay ob-havo sharoitida sayr qilmaslikni afzal ko'rishlarini anglatadi. Biroq siz sayohat qilishni tanlaysiz va qaysi velosiped markasini afzal ko'rsangiz, mototsikl mamlakatni ko'rishning hayajonli usuli bo'lishi mumkin.
Bosh barmog'i bilan
Ning uzoq tarixi avtostop 1911 yildayoq avtostopchilarning rekord ko'rsatkichi bilan AQShdan chiqib ketgan. Qonunning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari har bir shtatda farq qiladi, lekin umuman avtostop yurish mamlakatning aksariyat qismida qonuniy hisoblanadi, lekin umuman davlatlararo avtomobil yo'llarida emas (bu erda piyodalar odatda taqiqlanadi) yoki harakatlanish yo'llarida turganda (odatda yo'lning yelkasida tekis oq chiziq bilan belgilanadi). Agar siz avtostop bilan chiqishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, kirish panduslarida yoki (hali ham yaxshiroq) avtomagistralning dam olish joylarida piyoda yurish eng yaxshi amaliyotdir.
Biroq, yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan xavf-xatarlarning kuchayishi (qisman yangiliklar ommaviy axborot vositalarida shov-shuvli voqealar bilan ta'minlanganligi) sababli, AQShda avtostop avvalgiga qaraganda ancha kam uchraydi. AQShda bo'lgan xalqaro sayohatchilar, ayniqsa, ijtimoiy sarguzashtlarni his qilishlari yoki juda kam pullari bo'lmasa, ushbu amaliyotdan qochishlari kerak. Hatto ko'plab amerikaliklarning o'zlari ham mahalliy tilni yaxshi bilsalargina "sayr qilishda" o'zlarini qulay his qilishadi va amerikalik haydovchilar ham xuddi shu sabablarga ko'ra ehtiyot bo'lishadi.
Craigslist rideshare bo'limiga ega, ba'zida u oldindan attraksionlarni tashkil qilish uchun foydalidir. Agar siz boradigan manzilingiz bilan ochiq bo'lsangiz, deyarli har doim mamlakatning biron bir joyiga sayohat qilishni topishingiz mumkin, to'lov bilan ko'pincha yonilg'i xarajatlari birgalikda bo'ladi.
Qarang
Qo'shma Shtatlar o'zining diqqatga sazovor joylari jihatidan juda xilma-xildir. Ko'radigan narsalaringiz hech qachon tugamaydi; hatto bitta joy taqdim etadigan narsadan charchagan deb o'ylasangiz ham, keyingi manzil faqat yo'l safari.
The Buyuk Amerika yo'l sayohati (qarang yuqorida) turli xil diqqatga sazovor joylarni ko'rishning eng an'anaviy usuli; shunchaki mashinada sakrab o'ting va Interstates bo'ylab sayohat qiling, kerak bo'lganda yo'l bo'yidagi qulay mehmonxonalar va restoranlarda to'xtab turing va boradigan manzilingizga yetguncha yo'lda har qanday qiziqarli sayyohlik tuzog'ida to'xtang.
Ta'riflab bo'lmaydigan darajada go'zal manzaralar, ssenariyga o'xshab o'qiladigan tarix, sizga bir necha kun xizmat qilishi mumkin bo'lgan ko'ngil ochish imkoniyatlari va dunyodagi eng buyuk arxitektura - zavqlanishingizdan qat'i nazar, siz uni Qo'shma Shtatlarning deyarli hamma joylarida topishingiz mumkin.
Tabiat manzaralari
Alyaskaning ajoyib muzliklaridan Appalachiyaning o'rmonli, ob-havo cho'qqilarigacha; janubi-g'arbiy dunyodagi cho'l qopqoqlaridan to keng suvlariga qadar Buyuk ko'llar; Qo'shma Shtatlar singari juda oz sonli mamlakatlar turli xil tabiat manzaralariga ega.
Amerika milliy bog'lar boshlash va ko'rish uchun ajoyib joy Shimoliy Amerika yovvoyi tabiati. Yellowstone milliy bog'i dunyodagi birinchi haqiqiy milliy bog 'edi va u eng taniqli parklardan biri bo'lib qolmoqda, ammo u erda 60 ta boshqa bog' mavjud. Katta Kanyon, ehtimol dunyodagi eng ajoyib daradir; Sequoia milliy bog'i va Yosemit milliy bog'i ikkalasi ham dunyodagi eng baland tirik organizmlarning uyidir; Glacier National Park - ulkan muz qatlamlarini ko'rish uchun ajoyib joy; Kanyonlend milliy bog'i osongina Mars bilan adashishi mumkin; va Katta tutunli tog'lar milliy bog'i chiroyli o'rmonli tog'lar orasida mo'l-ko'l yovvoyi tabiat mavjud. Milliy bog'lar ham shunchaki diqqatga sazovor joylar uchun emas; har birida ochiq havoda ko'plab tadbirlar mavjud.
Shunga qaramay, milliy bog'lar bu faqat boshlanishdir. Milliy bog 'xizmati ham ishlaydi Milliy yodgorliklar, Milliy yodgorliklar, Milliy tarixiy joylar, Milliy dengiz sohillari, Milliy meros maydonlari ... ro'yxat davom etishi mumkin. Va har bir davlatning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari bor davlat parklari bu federal versiyalar kabi yaxshi bo'lishi mumkin. Federal yoki shtatdagi ushbu yo'nalishlarning aksariyati kirish uchun haq to'laydi, ammo barchasi parklarni saqlash va ekspluatatsiya qilish uchun sarflanadi va mukofotlar bunga loyiqdir.
Ammo bu sizning yagona variantingiz emas. Amerikaning ko'plab tabiiy boyliklarini kirish eshiklaridan o'tmasdan ko'rish mumkin. Dunyoga mashhur Niagara sharsharasi Kanada va AQSh o'rtasidagi chegarani kesib o'ting; Amerika tomoni sizga zudlik bilan yonma-yon turishga va Niagara darasini shakllantirgan kuchni his qilishga imkon beradi. Rokki tog'larning "binafsha ulug'vorligi" har qanday yo'nalishda yuzlab chaqirim masofani bosib o'tishi mumkin, O'rta G'arbiy va O'rta Atlantika sohilbo'yi qirg'oqlari amerikaliklarni avlodlar davomida tinchlantirib kelmoqda. Va, garchi ular bir-biridan juda farq qilsalar ham, Gavayi va Alyaska, ehtimol, eng tabiiy ikki davlatdir; ular shunchaki emas bor diqqatga sazovor joylar - ular bor diqqatga sazovor joylar.
Tarixiy diqqatga sazovor joylar
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The U.S. has a tremendous wealth of historical attractions—more than enough to fill months of history-centric touring.
The prehistory of the continent can indeed be a little hard to uncover, as most of the Native American tribes did not build permanent settlements. But particularly in the G'arb, you will find magnificent cliff dwellings at sites such as Mesa Verde va Bandelier, as well as near-ubiquitous rock paintings (Petroglyph National Park has some of the best rock art in the country, and it is located only 17 km outside of Albukerke). The Museum of the American Indian in Vashington, Kolumbiya is another great place to start learning about America's culture before the arrival of Europeans colonists.
The first successful British colony on the continent was at Jeymstaun, Virginia, although the settlement at Plimut, Massachusetts, may loom larger in the nation's mind. The eastern states of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the South have more than their fair share of sites from early American history as they make up what are known as the 13 Original Colonies.
In the 18th century, major centers of commerce developed in Filadelfiya va Boston, and as the colonies grew in size, wealth, and self-confidence, relations with Great Britain became strained, culminating in the Boston Tea Party and the ensuing Inqilobiy urush.
There are a large number of historic sites related to the Amerika fuqarolar urushi, the most destructive conflict on American soil.
Monuments and architecture
Americans have never shied away from heroic feats of engineering, and many of them are among the country's biggest tourist attractions.
Vashington, Kolumbiya, as the nation's capital, has more monuments and statuary than you could see in a day, but do be sure to visit the Washington Monument (the world's tallest obelisk), the stately Lincoln Memorial, and the incredibly moving Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The city's architecture is also an attraction—the Capitol Building and the White House are two of the most iconic buildings in the country and often serve to represent the whole nation to the world.
A number of American cities have world-renowned skylines, perhaps none more so than the concrete canyons of Manxetten, part of New York City. There, a new World Trade Center tower has risen on a site adjacent to the fallen twin towers, and the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building still stand tall, as they have for almost a century. Chikago, where the skyscraper was invented, can no longer claim the tallest building in the country, but it still has an awful lot of really tall buildings. Other skylines worth seeing include San Francisco (with the Golden Gate Bridge), Seattle (including the Space Needle), Miami, and Pittsburgh.
Some human constructions transcend skyline, though, and become iconic symbols in their own right. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, the Statue of Liberty in Manhattan, the Hollywood Sign in Los Angeles, and even the fountains of the Bellagio casino in Las Vegas all draw visitors to their respective cities. Even the incredible Rushmor tog'i, located far from any major city, still attracts two million visitors each year.
Muzeylar va galereyalar
In the U.S., there's a muzey uchun practically everything. From toys to priceless artifacts, from entertainment legends to dinosaur bones—nearly every city in the country has a museum worth visiting.
The highest concentrations of these museums are found in the largest cities, of course, but none compare to Washington, D.C., home to the Smithsonian Institution. With almost twenty independent museums, most of them located on the Milliy savdo markazi, the Smithsonian is the foremost curator of American history and achievement. The most popular of the Smithsonian museums are the National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of American History, va Milliy tabiiy tarix muzeyi, but any of the Smithsonian museums would be a great way to spend an afternoon—and they're all 100% free.
New York City also has an outstanding array of world-class museums, including the Guggenheim Museum, Amerika Tabiat tarixi muzeyi,the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), Metropolitan Museum of Art, Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, va Ellis Island Immigration Museum.
You could spend weeks exploring the cultural institutions just in D.C. and the Big Apple, but there are also many other cities with world class museums such as Chikago, Filadelfiya, San-Fransisko, Pittsburgh va Boston. Many universities also operate small museums that have interesting exhibits and are often free to enter, while those interested in specific sports or topics will often be able to find museums even in some small towns that suit their tastes.
Yo'nalishlar
Here is a handful of itineraries spanning regions across the United States:
- Appalachi izi — a foot trail along the spine of the Appalachian Mountains from Georgia to Maine
- Braddock Expedition — traces the French-Indian War route of British General Edward Braddock (and a younger George Washington) from Iskandariya, Virginia through Cumberland, Maryland to the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh
- Davlatlararo 5 — the primary interstate highway along the west coast from the Mexican border with California to the Canadian border with Washington state, passing through the major west coast cities and the capitals of three states
- Jazz-trek — a nation-wide tour of the most important clubs in jazz history and in jazz performance today
- Lewis and Clark Trail — retrace the northwest route of the great American explorers along the Missouri River
- Oregon Trail — the mid-19th century path taken by western settlers from Missouri to Oregon
- Pacific Crest Trail — one of the original National Scenic Trails; travels along the west coast from Mexico to Canada
- Pony Express National Historic Trail — commemorates the mail service route through the Old West, between St. Joseph, Missouri and San Francisco, California
- Marshrut 66 — tour the iconic historic highway running from Chicago to Los Angeles
- Santa Fe Trail — a historic southwest settler route from Missuri ga Santa Fe
- Shaker mamlakati bo'ylab sayohat — takes you to one current and eight former Shaker religious communities in the Mid-Atlantic, New England and Midwest regions of the United States
- Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail — follows the route of the forced westward migration of many American Indian tribes in the 1830s
- AQSh avtomagistrali 1 — travelling along the east coast from Maine to Florida
Qil
Arts and music
Mid-size to large cities often draw big ticket concerts, especially in large outdoor amphitheaters. Small towns sometimes host concerts in parks with local or older bands. Other options include music festivals such as San-Diego"s Street Scene yoki South by Southwest yilda Ostin. Classical music concerts are held year round and performed by semi-professional and professional symphonies. Many cities and regions have unique sounds. Country music is popular throughout the U.S. but is particularly concentrated in the South and rural West. Neshvill is known as "Music City" because of the large number of country artists who live in the city. It's home to the Grand Ole Opry, the most famous country music venue in the nation, and numerous other live music venues. African-Americans in the South gave rise to jazz va blues, with numerous music scenes and venues in cities nationwide. Many of the most popular mainstream bands are based in Los Anjeles due to the large entertainment presence and concentration of record companies.
America is considered to be the spiritual home of musical theater, and many of the world's most famous musicals have had a run on Broadway in Nyu-York shahri at one time or another. No trip to New York would be complete without catching at least one musical on Broadway. The United States is also home to one of the world's premier opera companies, the Metropolitan Opera in New York.
A quintessential American experience is the marching band festival. You can find these events almost every weekend between September and Thanksgiving throughout the country and again from March to June in California. Check local event listings and papers to find specifics. Also notable is the Bands of America Grand National Championship held every autumn in Indianapolis. To see the best of the best, get tickets to the "finals" performance, where the ten best bands of the festival compete for the championship. Both "street" or parade marching bands as well as "field" or show bands are found at almost every high school and university in America.
Sport
The United States has a professional league for virtually every sport, including pillow fighting. America's passion for sports is rivaled hardly anywhere in the world, with the leagues with the world's highest attendance both per game (NFL) and total (MLB) and other leagues that are the best and most popular in their respective sport. Watching a game is a good way to meet and interact with the locals. A few of the most popular sports are:
- Baseball, often referred to as "America's pastime", is one of the most widely played sports in the country. The U.S. is home to 29 of the 30 MLB (Major League Baseball) teams. The season lasts from April to September with playoff games held in October, with the championship games known as the World Series. With each team playing 162 games per team per season and the cheapest seats usually $10-20, this is possibly the best sporting event for international travellers to watch. There are also several hundred minor league teams scattered across the U.S.; while quality of the games is lower, prices are cheaper (even free in a few leagues).
- The U.S. is home to 29 of the 30 NBA (National Basketball Association) teams, and the world's premier men's basketball league. The season runs from November to April, with playoffs in May–June. Its counterpart the WNBA (Women's NBA), which plays during the NBA offseason, is one of the most stable and popular women's team sports leagues in the world.
- The NFL (National Football League), with 32 teams (all in the contiguous U.S.) is the leading promoter of Amerika futboli in the world. It has virtually nothing in common with association football (Americans know bu sport as soccer). It developed from rugby football, and still has some things in common with its cousin from England. It is extremely popular, and the day of the championship game, the Super Bowl, is an unofficial national holiday and perennially the most watched event in American sports. Most games are on Sundays, and watching games in the stands or on TV on Sunday is an important tradition for many Americans. The season lasts from September to December, with playoffs in January ending with the Super Bowl in February.
"Hockey" vs "Ice hockey" In most English-speaking countries, "hockey" is used for a game played on grass and "ice hockey" for the one on ice. In North American usage, however, the former is called "field hockey", while "hockey" alone almost always means "ice hockey" (or, rarely, roller hockey). |
- The NHL (National Hockey League) is the premier muzli xokkey league in the world. 24 of its 31 teams are in the U.S., with another U.S. team to be added in 2021. Slightly under 50% of players are Canadians, another 25% Americans, and the rest come from many other parts of the world, mainly northern and eastern Europe. The season runs from October to April, followed by playoffs that culminate in the Stanley Cup Finals in June, the titular cup of which is the oldest professional sports trophy in North America.
- Auto racing draws big crowds all over the country, with hundreds of thousands attending the marquee events—the Indianapolis 500 for the open-wheel IndyCar series, and the Daytona 500 for the NASCAR stock car circuit. IndyCar racing is closer, faster, and arguably far more dangerous than that of NASCAR. NASCAR almost exclusively races on oval tracks, while IndyCar competes on a wide variety of tracks including city streets. Both sports' seasons run from late winter through mid-fall, with races almost every week. Shuningdek, mavjud United States Grand Prix, a race on the Formula-1 calendar that is usually held in Ostin, Texas har yil.
- As of the 2020 season, MLS (Major League Soccer) has 26 teams—23 in the U.S. plus three in Canada—with four more U.S. teams to be added by 2022. While it may not be as popular with the media, MLS is still widely viewed and enjoyed (particularly by Hispanic communities), and is a preferred destination for top players from European leagues who are past their prime. The season does not coincide with soccer in most other countries: the regular season runs March to October, with MLS Cup playoffs from October to December. The women's equivalent is the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), which has 9 teams, all in the US, with another US-based team confirmed to be joining in 2021 and plans to expand to 12 or 14 teams in the early 2020s.
One unique feature of the American sports landscape is the extent to which sports are associated with educational institutions. In many regions, especially the South and Midwest, college sports enjoy followings that rival or surpass those of major professional teams, especially football and men's basketball. (In fact, 8 of the 10 largest non-motorsports stadiums in the world — all seating more than 100,000 spectators — are for U.S. college football teams, and the country's three largest basketball arenas house college teams.) The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has over 1,000 member schools, including almost all of the country's best-known colleges and universities. The college football va college basketball seasons roughly coincide with their professional counterparts; the NCAA Division I men's basketball playoff tournament, "March Madness", is especially widely followed even by casual sports fans. Eshkak eshish enthusiasts may wish to watch the Harvard–Yale Regatta, a 4-mile-long (6.4 km) race held in Konnektikut every year modeled after The Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge in the Birlashgan Qirollik, between the men's coxed eight rowing teams.
Many communities also take great pride in their high school sports teams, and especially in smaller locales, those teams are a major part of local culture. From August to May, a high school game can be a great (and cheap) way to meet locals and discover the area in a way many visitors never experience. The most popular sports are usually football and boys' basketball (and to a lesser extent girls' basketball), plus hockey in New England and the upper Midwest. In some areas, a particular high school sport enjoys an elevated cultural position. Examples include football in Texas, basketball in Indiana, hockey in Minnesota, and wrestling in Iowa.
The United States is home to many of the world's most famous golf courses. The most famous is the Augusta National Golf Club, which is the home of the Masters, one of the world's most prestigious professional golf tournaments, and also one of the four majors in men's golf. The U.S. is also home to 2 of the other 3 majors in men's golf, namely the U.S. Open va PGA Championship, which rotate between different golf courses in the U.S. every year. Golf is popular both as a participation and spectator sport, and the U.S. supports several major professional tours. Shuningdek qarang Golf#United States of America.
The United States hosts many tennis tournaments in the ATP and WTA tours, with the US Open being the most prestigious among them. It is regarded as one of the four Grand Slams. The US Open is held every year from late August to Early September at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center yilda Nyu-York shahri.
The rodeo celebrates the traditions of the Eski G'arbiy, ayniqsa Texas va Buyuk tekisliklar. A subset of rodeo, bull riding, enjoys a moderate degree of popularity as a standalone event, with the main circuit being Professional Bull Riders.
Festivals and fairs
Many towns and/or counties throw fairs to commemorate the establishment of a town or the county with rides, games, and other attractions. Almost every state has one or more state fairs. These began as competitions and shows to promote agriculture and livestock; now they include industrial product exhibitions, concerts, and carnival rides and games.
Tabiat
There are numerous milliy bog'lar throughout the United States, especially the vast interior, which offer plenty of opportunities to enjoy outdoor activities, including Dam olish tortishish, ATV riding, hiking, bird watching, prospecting, and horseback riding. National parks are the crown jewels of the much larger National Park System, which also includes historic and cultural landmarks.
- Milliy yo'llar tizimi is a group of 21 "National Scenic Trails" and "National Historic Trails", and over 1,000 shorter "National Recreation Trails" for a total length of over 50,000 mi (80,000 km). While all are open to hiking, most are also open to mountain biking, horseback riding, and camping and some are open for ATVs and cars.
O'yin-kulgi bog'lari
The United States is the birthplace of the modern attraksionli Park, and to this day, amusement parks form an integral part of American childhood and teenage culture. The first-ever permanent amusement park was built on Coney Island yilda Nyu-York shahri, and while not as glamorous as some of the newer ones, is still home to a famous historic wooden roller coaster and numerous other attractions.
The Los Anjeles va Orlando areas in particular are home to numerous well-regarded amusement parks, with giants Universal va Disney operating parks in both locations. Another chain of amusement parks that is well-regarded locally, though not so well-known internationally, is Olti bayroq, which has multiple locations throughout the country, and is particularly known for its innovative roller coasters and other thrill rides. Other chains include the marine-themed SeaWorld, which is known for its marine mammal shows, and Cedar Fair.
Sotib oling
Pul
The official U.S. currency is the United States dollar ($), divided into 100 cents (¢, but often written as decimal dollars). Foreign currencies are almost never accepted, though some major hotel chains may accept traveller's checks in other currencies. Establishments close to the Canadian border accept Canadian currency, though usually at poor exchange rates. The Mexican peso can also be used (again at poor exchange rates) in border towns like El-Paso va Laredo. Japanese yen is sometimes accepted in Gavayi.
The dollar is sometimes colloquially known as a buck, so "5 bucks" means $5. Common American banknotes (or bills) are the $1, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The $2 bill is still produced but rarely seen in circulation and is occasionally refused as payment; bills beyond $100 haven't been produced since the 1960s and are removed from circulation when found. The $100 and sometimes $50 bills are too valuable for small transactions, and may be refused. All $1 and $2 bills and older bills of the other denominations are greenish and printed with black and green ink (thus the nickname "greenbacks"). Newer versions of the $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 bills are slightly more colorful. All the bills are the same size. Banknotes never expire and several designs of each note can circulate together, but older designs that lack modern anti-counterfeiting features may (rarely) be refused by some retailers.
The standard coins are the penny (1¢, copper color), the chunky nickel (5¢, silver color), the tiny dime (10¢, silver color) and the ridged-edge quarter (25¢, silver color). These coins only have their values written in words, not figures: "one cent", "five cents", "one dime", and "quarter dollar". When it comes to value, size doesn't matter: the dime is the smallest coin, followed by the penny, nickel, and quarter. Half dollar (50¢, silver) and dollar ($1, gold or silver; not to be confused with the quarter) coins exist but are uncommon. Coin-operated machines usually only accept nickels, dimes, quarters, and $1 bills, though some may also accept dollar coins. Larger vending machines, such as for buses or postal stamps, may take $5, $10, or even $20 bills. Though Canadian coins are sized similarly, machines usually reject them. Humans, on the other hand, generally won't notice (or care about) a few small Canadian coins mixed with American, particularly in the northern parts of the country. As with most currency, coins are generally not exchangeable abroad and UNICEF provides donation boxes at airports to let you dispose of them for a good cause before flying abroad.
Currency exchange and banking
AQSh dollaridagi valyuta kurslari 2021 yil 4-yanvar holatiga ko'ra:
Valyuta kurslari o'zgarib turadi. Ushbu va boshqa valyutalarning amaldagi kurslari quyidagi manzildan olingan XE.com |
Currency exchange centers are rare outside the downtowns of major coastal and border cities, and international airports. Some banks also provide currency exchange services, though you may sometimes be required to call in advance. Due to the high overhead of exchange rates and transaction fees, it is often better to acquire U.S. dollars in your home country before travel; rates at currency exchange desks in airports, tourist areas and shopping areas in particular are often terrible.
Bankomatlar can handle foreign bank cards or credit cards bearing Visa/Plus or MasterCard/Cirrus logos. They usually dispense bills in $20 denominations and generally charge about $2-4 to cards issued by other banks. Smaller ATMs in restaurants, petrol stations, etc., often charge higher fees (up to $5). These fees are in addition to your card issuer's own fees. Some ATMs, such as those at courthouses or other government buildings, have no fee. As with anywhere else in the world, there is a risk of card skimmers installed on these machines that can steal your credit card details.
Another option is withdrawing cash (usually up to $40 or $60 over the cost of your goods) when making a debit card purchase at a supermarket, convenience store, or a large discount store such as Walmart. Stores almost never charge for this service (though it may be contingent on signing up for the store's loyalty program, which is also usually free); however, the bank that issued your card may impose a fee.
Opening a bank account in the U.S. is a fairly straightforward process, and there are no restrictions on foreigners having them.
Credit and debit cards
Major credit cards such as Visa and Mastercard (and their debit card affiliates) are widely used and accepted. Nearly all large retailers will accept credit cards for transactions of all sizes, even as small as $1 or $2. However, some small businesses and independently-owned stores specify a minimum amount of money (usually $2 or $5, but sometimes $10) for credit card use, as such transactions cost them $0.30–0.50 (this practice is also common at bars when opening a tab). Almost all sit-down restaurants, hotels, and shops will accept credit and debit cards; those that do not post a sign saying "Cash Only." Other cards such as American Express and Discover are also accepted, but not as widely. Many retailers have a window sticker or counter sign showing the logos of the credit cards they accept.
JCB, UnionPay (China) and RuPay (India) have alliances with Discover, so they can be used at any retailer that accepts Discover cards even if the store does not display the logo on its window.
Shops may also ask for photo identification for foreign-issued cards. When making large purchases, it is typical for U.S. retailers to ask to see some form of photo identification. Sometimes, credit/debit cards are the only means to perform a transaction. If you do not have one, you can purchase a prepaid card or gift card with Visa, MasterCard or AmEx logo in a good number of stores, but you may have to provide identification before the card is activated.
Transaction authorization is made by signing a paper sales slip or a computer pad, although many retailers will waive the signature requirement for small purchases. The U.S. is implementing the EMV "chip-and-PIN" credit card authorization system used overseas. Cards and devices (e.g. iPhones and Apple Watches with Apple Pay) issued abroad with contactless or near-field communication (NFC) capabilities may not work in some merchants where NFC/contactless is used; in such cases, swipe or 'chip-and-pin' will be used.
Gas station pumps, some public transportation vending machines, and some other types of automated vending machines often have credit/debit card readers. Many of these ask for the ZIP code (i.e., postal code) of the U.S. billing address for the card, which effectively prevents them from accepting foreign cards (they are unable to detect a foreign card and switch to PIN authentication). At gas stations, you can use a foreign-issued card by paying the station attendant inside. If you have a Canadian Mastercard, you can use it at all pumps that require a ZIP code by entering the digits of your postal code (ignoring letters and spaces) and adding two zeroes to the end. When using a debit card, some stations will place a hold on your account for a specified amount (a notice will be present on the pump, typically $75) and then update the charge once you've filled up (but there is often a 1-2 day delay between removing the "hold" and updating the amount charged).
Sales tax
There is no federal sales tax (such as VAT or GST), so you cannot claim a tax refund when you leave the U.S.
Most states have a retail sales tax between 3% and 10%, as do some cities. The goods that are taxed and those that are exempt (often groceries, and pharmaceuticals) vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Restaurant meals are usually taxed.
Taxes are usually not included in posted prices but are added to your bill, so be prepared for the total to be higher than the listed prices would indicate!
Some cities have tax zones near airports and business districts that are designed to exploit travellers — sales taxes can vary up to 2% in a matter of a few miles. Regional price variations, however, will usually have more impact on a traveller's wallet than the savings from seeking out a low- or no-sales-tax destination. Some municipalities, such as New York City, also impose a hotel tax on accommodation, which is levied on top of the sales tax.
Places for shopping
Shuningdek qarang Qo'shma Shtatlarda xarid qilish
America is the birthplace of the modern enclosed savdo markazi and the open-air shopping center. In addition, American suburbs have miles and miles of small strip malls — long rows of small shops with shared parking lots. Large cities have central shopping districts that can be navigated on public transport, but pedestrian-friendly shopping streets are uncommon and usually small. American retail stores are gigantic compared to retail stores in other countries, and have some of the longest business hours in the world, with many chains open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Department stores and other large retailers are usually open from 10AM to 9PM most days, and in November and December, may stay open as long as 8AM to 11PM. Discount stores tend to stay open as late as 10PM or midnight, or may be open 24 hours a day. Most supermarkets are open late into the evening, usually until at least 9PM, and many stay open 24/7. Sunday hours tend to be somewhat shorter, or the stores may close.
The U.S. pioneered the factory outlet store, in which branded goods are sold for bargain prices, and in turn, the outlet center, a shopping mall consisting primarily of such stores. Outlet centers are found along major Interstate highways outside of most American cities.
If you see a driveway or yard full of stuff on a summer weekend, it's likely a garage sale (yoki yard sale), where families sell household items they no longer need. Churches often hold rummage sales, with proceeds generally going to their church or a mission or project they support.
Bit bozorlari (called "swap meets" in Western states) have vendors selling all kinds of usually inexpensive merchandise. Bargaining is expected.
Thrift stores are retail stores run by churches, charities, and not-for-profit organizations that take in unwanted or un-needed household items as a donation and re-sell them to support projects they are engaged in.
Xarajatlar
The U.S. is generally considered qimmat although the cost of living is typically lower than in many other Western countries, whose residents often come to the U.S. to shop.
A bare-bones budget could be $30–50/day, and you can double that if you stay at motels and eat at cheap cafés. Add on a rental car and hotel accommodation and you'll be looking at $150/day and up. There are regional variations too: large cities like Nyu York va San-Fransisko are expensive, while prices go down in rural areas. Most U.S. cities have suburbs with good hotels that are often much cheaper than those in the city center. Thus, if you plan to rent a car and drive between several major cities on a single visit to the U.S., it is usually a better idea to stay at safe suburban hotels with free parking, rather than downtown hotels that charge exorbitant parking fees.
If you intend to visit any Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari milliy bog'larikabi Katta Kanyon yoki Yellowstone milliy bog'i, it is worth considering buying a National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass, which gives you access to almost all of the federal parks and recreation areas for one year.
Many hotels and motels offer discounts for members of certain organizations which anyone can join, such as AAA (the American Automobile Association). If you're a member, or are a member of a club affiliated with AAA (such as the Canadian Automobile Association, the Automobile Association in the UK, or ADAC in Germany), it's worth asking at check-in. Many chain motels/hotels also have frequent customer plans that offer loyalty discounts.
Tips
Tips is widely practiced in the United States. Standards vary, but gratuities are always given to servers in restaurants and bars, taxi drivers, parking valets, and bellstaff in hotels. The salaries made in these professions, and even their taxes, take into account that they will be tipped, so it really is inappropriate to leave them out.
Thinking about Tipping Tipping in many countries is very rare or often not done at all, and unthinkable to some visitors. It is, however, an essential part of your trip to the United States, and you will upset people greatly by refusing to tip or tipping too little, as doing so deprives servers of what is often the main component of their income. A good way to approach this is to treat all prices in a restaurant or other service as having a 20% tax and adjust accordingly — i.e. that $40 meal actually costs $48. |
Tipping in the United States is so common and expected in some cases that in many service establishments, such as hair salons and restaurants, customers who did not tip are often asked to pay a tip, or in rare cases verbally scolded by staff for "stiffing" them.
While Americans themselves often debate correct levels and exactly who deserves to be tipped, generally accepted standard rates are:
- Taksilar — 10–20%. For livery cabs, if you hail the cab on the street and negotiate the fare in advance, then pay the negotiated amount plus an extra $1–2.
- Shuttle bus drivers — $2–5
- Private car & limousine drivers — 15–20%
- Parking valet — $1–3 for retrieving your car (unless there's already a fee for parking)
- Tour guides/activity guides — Between $5 and $10 depending on the size of the group (tips are lower in large groups), the cost of the tour, how funny/informative the guide was.
- Full-service restaurants — 15–20%; tip higher (~20%) in higher-cost cities like New York and San Francisco. Many restaurants include a mandatory service charge for larger groups, in which case you do not need to tip an additional amount – check the bill.
- Food delivery (pizza, etc.) — $2–5, 15–20% for larger orders
- Bartenders — $1 per drink if inexpensive or 15–20% of total
- Housekeeping in hotels — $1–2 per day for long stays or $5 minimum for very short stays
- Porter, skycap, bellhop, hotel doorman — $1–2 per bag if they assist ($3–5 minimum), $1 for hailing a taxi or calling a cab
- Hairdressers, masseuses, other personal services — 10–15%
- Bicycle messengers — $3–5
The legal minimum wage for restaurant waitstaff and other tip-earners is quite low (just $2.13/hour before taxes in some states where minimums for other workers are $7.25 or more). Therefore, tipping for this service is regarded as even more essential. If you receive exceptionally poor or rude service and the manager does not correct the problem when you bring it to their attention, a deliberately small tip (one or two coins) will express your displeasure more clearly than leaving no tip at all (which may be construed as a forgotten tip).
If paying your bill by cash, leave a cash tip on the table when you leave (there is no need to hand it over personally or wait until it's collected), or if paying by credit card you can add it directly to the charge slip when you sign it. Look carefully, as the bill will generally inform you whether a gratuity or "service charge" has already been added, in which case you do not need to leave an additional tip; this is especially common with large groups.
The rules for tipping at fast-food places are different and a bit more complicated. The key thing to remember is that tipping is associated with table service. The procedure at fast-food restaurants and when ordering takeout (even from what is otherwise a sit-down restaurant) is inherently self-service, therefore tipping is not necessary. Some eateries, mostly in the fast-casual sector, have a "tip jar" at the checkout station, but tipping in that scenario is purely optional, and you wouldn't be expected to contribute much more than the coins you're handed back as change. Da cafeterias va buffets, a small tip is expected since staff often clear the table for you and provide refills of drinks and such.
The rules for tipping concierges are also arcane. For most services — asking for maps, information, tours, etc. — a tip is not expected. But for things above and beyond like special, unusual, time-consuming requests, if you receive a lot of attention while others are waiting, or even just for an exceptionally high level of service, tips should generally be large, usually starting at $5 (a $1 tip would be insulting).
Tipping well can make you look good in front of your American friends, dates and business partners, and could even earn you preferential treatment from staff, with the reverse also being true for tipping poorly.
Yemoq
- Asosiy maqola: Amerika oshxonasi
American cuisine is far more than the bland McDonald's/Coca-Cola monolith that international stereotypes make it out to be. It's as diverse as the American people themselves, sporting regional variations between different parts of the country and incorporating localized versions of ethnic dishes from around the world.
The variety of restaurants throughout the U.S. is remarkable. In a major city such as New York, it may be possible to find a restaurant from nearly every country in the world. In addition to the usual array of independent restaurants, the U.S. possesses a singularly baffling array of tez tayyorlanadigan ovqat and casual chain restaurants; even if you think you know U.S. fast food from the chains' international outlets, the sheer variety domestically is immense.
Many restaurants, especially those serving fast food or breakfast, do not serve alcohol, and many others may only serve beer and wine. Portions are generally huge, regardless of restaurant style, although this trend has moderated as customers are becoming more health-conscious. Many restaurants offer several portion options, though it may not be immediately obvious. Ask when ordering if portion choices are available. Taking home "leftovers" is very common and is a good way to get two meals for the price of one. Ask for a to-go box at the end of your meal if you have not cleared your plate.
In much of America, home-cooked food is as good as or substantially better than typical restaurant fare. This is particularly true in rural areas and small towns. If you have the opportunity to attend a potluck yoki carry-in dinner, this is a chance not to be missed.
Ovqatlanish joylari
Large cities host many examples of every type of restaurant imaginable from inexpensive neighborhood eateries to extravagant full-service restaurants with extensive wine lists and prices to match. Most medium-sized cities and suburbs will also field a decent selection. In the most upscale restaurants, rules for men to wear jackets and ties, while once de rigueur, are becoming more relaxed. Check with the restaurant if in doubt.
Takeout food is common in larger cities for meals that may take a little longer to prepare than in a fast-food place. Place an order by phone or online and then go to the restaurant to pick it up and take it away. Many places also offer delivery; in some cities, it is easier to have pizza or Chinese food delivered than to find a sit-down restaurant. Pizza and Chinese are especially ubiquitous for delivery or takeout in the U.S.; towns as small as 5,000 typically have at least one pizza shop and one Chinese takeout/delivery restaurant, and often more than one. Hardcore pizza fans will usually prefer local pizza places to the big national chains; many such restaurants also offer takeout and delivery.
Fast-casual restaurants offer a fast-food dining style (i.e. no table service), but the meals tend to be fresher and healthier. The food takes a bit longer to prepare — and costs a few dollars more — than at fast food joints, but it's generally worth it. Some fast-casual places even serve alcohol.
Diners are quintessentially American and have remained popular since their heyday in the 1940s and 50s. They are usually individually run, open 24-hours and found on major roads, though they also appear in large cities and suburbs. They offer a wide variety of huge meals that often include soup or salad, bread, beverage and dessert. They are usually busy for breakfast, in the morning, at the end of factory shifts, or after the bars close.
No compendium of American restaurants would be complete without mentioning the truck stop. Siz bu joylarga faqat shaharlararo avtoulov yoki avtobus sayohatiga chiqqaningizda duch kelasiz. Ular davlatlararo magistral yo'llarda uchraydi va yuk tashuvchilarga xizmat qiladi. Bu erda dizel yoqilg'isi va "katta platformalar" uchun alohida avtoturargoh va kabinalarida yotadigan haydovchilar uchun dush mavjud. Ushbu ajoyib restoranlarda "oddiy uyda ovqat pishirish" uchun yo'l o'tadi: issiq qovurilgan mol go'shti sendvichlari, go'shtli non, qovurilgan tovuq go'shti va, albatta, hamma joyda ishlatiladigan klub sendvichi yoki burger va kartoshka, katta qismlarda, ko'pincha 24 soat. "Siz yeyishingiz mumkin" bufetlar va katta nonushta juda ko'p. Avtoulovchilar ovqatlanishlarini bilishadi: agar tashqarida ko'plab yuk mashinalari bo'lsa, yaxshi bo'ladi.
Zanjir mahalliy taomlar va yuk mashinalari to'xtash joylariga qaraganda o'tirishga mo'ljallangan restoranlarda sifat va narxning taxmin qilinadigan darajasi ancha yuqori, ammo taniqli tanglaylari hali ham umidsizlikka tushishi mumkin. Ba'zilar oziq-ovqat turiga (masalan, dengiz mahsulotlari, kun bo'yi nonushta) yoki ma'lum bir milliy oshxonaga ixtisoslashgan, boshqalari esa kengroq takliflarga ega.
Backpacker yoki juda cheklangan byudjetga ega bo'lganlar uchun, amerikalik supermarketlar iste'molga tayyor yoki deyarli tayyor bo'lgan qadoqlangan yoki qayta ishlangan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining deyarli cheksiz xilma-xilligini, shu jumladan nonushta, ramen makaron, konservalangan sho'rvalar va muzlatilgan ovqatlarni taklif eting.
Eng yirik shaharlarda, burchak do'konlari mo'l-ko'l. Ushbu kichik do'konlarda turli xil atıştırmalıklar, ichimliklar va qadoqlangan ovqatlar mavjud. Ko'pgina do'konlardan farqli o'laroq, ularning mahsulotlari nisbatan arzon narxlarda sotiladi (ayniqsa, shahar standartlari bo'yicha) va byudjetga kuniga 5 dollardan oshmaydigan gazak yoki hatto oddiy taomlarni taqdim etishi mumkin.
Oziq-ovqat turlari
Amerikaning mashhur oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari orasida gamburger, hot-dog, pizza, muzqaymoq va pirog mavjud. Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab ko'plab turdagi oziq-ovqat turlari o'zgarishsiz qolgan bo'lsa-da, oziq-ovqatning bir nechta alohida mintaqaviy turlari mavjud (eng muhimi, Janubiy).
Tez tayyorlanadigan ovqat restoranlar hamma joyda mavjud, ammo AQShda ushbu turdagi restoranlarning xilma-xilligi hayratlanarli: burger, hot-dog, pizza, qovurilgan tovuq go'shti, barbekyu, TexMex va muzqaymoq unga tegishni boshlaydi. Ushbu restoranlarda alkogolli ichimliklar berilmaydi; alkogolsiz ichimliklar standart hisoblanadi. Soda buyurtma qilganingizda, qog'oz stakan uzatilganda va uni o'zingizning sodali suv favvorasidan to'ldirishingizni kutganingizda hayron bo'lmang (to'ldirish ko'pincha bepul). Ovqatning sifati har xil, ammo menyu qat'iy cheklanganligi sababli, odatda, ayniqsa, kunduzi yaxshi bo'ladi. Shuningdek, restoranlar odatda toza va yorug 'va xizmat cheklangan, ammo do'stona. Qo'ng'iroq qilingan bir nechta restoran haydovchilar, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mashinangizda sizga xizmat qiling. Tez ovqatlanish joylarining aksariyati taklif qiladi haydash orqali xizmat, bu sizga buyurtma berishni muassasa menyusidan ajratilgan avtoulovning yon tomonida joylashtirilgan va keyin uni to'lab, keyingi manzilga borishdan oldin alohida oynada sizga topshirish (borish uchun qadoqlangan).
Eng yaxshi holatda, barbekyu (ko'pincha qisqartirilgan "Barbekyu") cho'chqa go'shti yoki mol go'shti qovurg'alari, mol go'shti ko'krak qafasi yoki cho'chqa go'shti elkasi bir necha soat davomida asta sekin o'tin bilan tutatiladi. Qovurg'alar butun yoki yarim raf sifatida xizmat qiladi yoki alohida qovurg'alarga bo'linadi, ko'krak odatda ingichka qilib kesiladi va elkasini maydalash ("tortish") yoki maydalash mumkin. Turli xil achchiq soslar idishda yoki yon tomonda berilishi mumkin. Barbekyu noyob mintaqaviy uslublari ham mavjud, eng yaxshi odatda Janubiy. Barbekyu go'shti turli xil tomonlar bilan xizmat qilishi mumkin, jumladan chili, boshoqli makkajo'xori, losos va kartoshka salatasi. Barbekyu restoranlari oddiy va eng yaxshi taom ko'pincha juda oddiy korxonalarda topiladi. Arzon oq nonda plastik kechki ovqat, piknik stollari va sendvichlarni kuting. Xushbichim zanjir yoki maxsus bo'lmagan restoranda menyuda topilgan barbekyu unchalik haqiqiy emas. Qovurg'alar va tovuq barmoqlaringiz bilan iste'mol qilinadi; cho'chqa go'shti va brisket bilan vilkalar bilan yoki sendvich bilan kurashing. Ba'zi amerikaliklar (garchi hech qachon janubiylar bo'lmasalar ham) "barbekyu" ni "oshpazlik" so'zining sinonimi sifatida ishlatishadi: bu erda tovuq, gamburger va hot-dog'lar ochiq havoda panjara qilinadi (chekishdan ko'ra). Bular qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin, ammo yuqoridagilar bilan aralashmaslik kerak.
Boy immigratsiya an'analariga ega bo'lgan Amerika turli xil turlarga ega etnik ovqatlar - Efiopiya oshxonasidan tortib Laosgacha bo'lgan taomlarga qadar ko'p miqdordagi immigrantlar yashaydigan yirik shaharlarda mavjud - va ular hatto o'zaro changlanishni boshlaydilar birlashma restoranlar, ikki yoki undan ortiq turli xil oshxonalar aralashmasi bo'lgan menyular bilan.
Italiya taomlari ehtimol Amerikadagi eng keng tarqalgan etnik oshxonalardir, deyarli uning "chet elligi" munozarali darajada. Ajoyib restoranlarda ko'proq haqiqiy narxlar mavjud bo'lsa-da, AQShdagi italyan taomlari ko'pincha boshqa yo'nalishni egallagan Italiya o'zi, ayniqsa pizza jihatidan, qaysi Qo'shma Shtatlarda mintaqada va ba'zan butun mamlakat bo'ylab mashhur bo'lgan, ammo Italiyada noma'lum bo'lgan uy sharoitida ishlab chiqarilgan ko'plab uslublarda mavjud. Shuningdek, ixtisoslashgan restoranlar ham mavjud Yunoncha va Yaqin Sharq oshxonalar (bilan feta pishloq va gumus supermarketlarning peshtaxtalarida juda keng tarqalgan) va biroz kamroq sonlarda ham Nemis va Frantsuz restoranlar.
Xitoy taomlari keng tarqalgan va Amerika didiga moslashtirilgan. Haqiqiy xitoylik taomlarni xitoylik aholi punktlarida joylashgan jamoalardan tashqari Chinatowns restoranlarida ham topish mumkin. Yapon sushi, Vetnamva Tailand taomlari yirik shaharlarda maxsus restoranlarga ega bo'lgan Amerika bozoriga ham moslashtirilgan. Hind va Koreys restoranlar ham mavjud.
Bundan tashqari, juda mashhur Lotin Amerikasi oshxonasi, ayniqsa, meksikalik, ko'p yillar davomida deyarli faqat shaklda kelgan Tex-Mex oshxonasi: dastlab ishlab chiqarilgan gibrid Texas lekin oshxonasining amerikacha talqiniga asoslanib Shimoliy Meksika. Shunga qaramay, kichkina haqiqiy meksikalik taquerialar bir paytlar asosan cheklangan edi Kaliforniya va Janubi-g'arbiy endi butun mamlakat bo'ylab tarqaldi. Siz ham topasiz Kuba oziq-ovqat Janubiy Florida va Puerto-Riko va Dominikan shimoliy-sharqiy qirg'oq shaharlaridagi restoranlar, odatda ikkalasi ham haqiqiyroq va kam amerikalik mahsulotga xizmat qiladi.
The Yahudiylar jamoasi oshpazlik sahnasiga katta yordam berdi. To'liq bo'lsa-da Kosher delislari Hozirgi kunda asosan Nyu-York va boshqa yahudiy aholisi juda katta bo'lgan boshqa joylarga ko'chirilgan, ba'zi mutaxassisliklar kabi o'layotgan zotdir. simit va pastrami oshpazlik oqimiga kirib, hozirgi kunda barcha turdagi amerikaliklar tomonidan zavqlanmoqda. Aksariyat amerikalik yahudiy oshxonalari (aksariyat amerikalik yahudiylar singari) Ashkenazidan kelib chiqqan; AQShda Sephardi va Mizrahi ovqatlari noma'lum.
Ovqatlanish cheklovlari
Ovqatlanadigan restoranlar vegetarianlar AQShda odatiy holga aylanib bormoqda Ko'pgina yirik shaharlarda va kollej shaharchalarida faqat yoki asosan vegetarian taomlari bilan ta'minlanadigan restoranlarga ega bo'lishadi. Kichikroq shaharlarda sizga ko'proq qiyinchilik tug'dirishi mumkin. Ofitsiantlar menyuga oid savollarga javob berishlari mumkin, ammo mol yoki cho'chqa go'shti, baliq, tovuq go'shti yoki tuxumni xushbo'ylashtiradigan idishlarni vegetarian deb hisoblashlari mumkin. Bu, ayniqsa, janubdagi sabzavotli garnitürlarda keng tarqalgan. Go'shtsiz nonushta ovqatlari, masalan, pancake yoki tuxum, ovqatlanish joylarida osonlikcha mavjud. Vegan restoranlar (va boshqa restoranlarda vegan variantlari) tobora ko'payib bormoqda, ayniqsa katta shaharlarda.
Yog 'yoki kaloriya miqdori past dietalarda bo'lganlar AQShda juda yaxshi xizmat ko'rsatishlari kerak. Hatto tez ovqatlanadigan restoranlarda menyuda bir nechta sog'lom variantlar mavjud bo'lib, ular so'rov bo'yicha kaloriya va yog'larni hisoblash jadvallarini taqdim etishi mumkin.
Xabardorligi oziq-ovqat allergiyalari farq qiladi. Paketlangan oziq-ovqat tarkibida sut, tuxum, baliq, qisqichbaqasimon, yerfıstığı, daraxt yong'oqlari, bug'doy yoki soya bo'lsa, etiketkalash kerak. Paketli oziq-ovqat tarkibida uning tarkibidagi moddalar ham bo'lishi kerak, garchi bu tarkibiga "ziravorlar", "ziravorlar" yoki "qo'shilgan rang" kabi o'ziga xos bo'lmagan narsalarni kiritish mumkin. Ammo odatda paketlanmagan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarida alerjenlarni belgilash majburiyati yo'q, masalan. restoranlarda, novvoyxonalarda va oziq-ovqat do'konlarida yangi oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarida (lekin qonunlar davlatga qarab farq qiladi). Ba'zi restoranlarda alerjen yorlig'i beriladi va oziq-ovqat allergiyasiga ega bo'lganlar uchun xizmat ko'rsatiladi. Fast tamaddi qilishga va odatiy ovqatlanish tarmog'idagi restoranlar ko'pincha oziq-ovqat allergiyasiga ega odamlar uchun xavfsizroq garovdir, chunki ular doimiy tarkibiy qismlar va usullarga ega. O'tirgan restoranlarda ofitsiantingizga xabar bering, savollar bering va agar ofitsiantingiz biron bir narsaga amin bo'lmasa, ularni qayta tekshirib ko'ring yoki oshpaz bilan gaplashishni talab qiling. Katta tanlov glyutensiz ovqatlar mavjud, ammo boshqa allergenlarga o'xshab, etiketlash to'g'risidagi qonunlar (20 ppm dan kam kleykovina bo'lishi kerak) qadoqlangan ovqatlarga taalluqlidir, ammo restoranlarga taalluqli emas.
Odamlar yoqmoqda diniy parhezlar katta shaharlarda kerakli narsani topishda hech qanday muammo bo'lmasligi kerak. Aksariyat yirik shaharlarda kamida bittasi bor halol va kosher qassob va ko'pincha ushbu jamoalarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan restoranlar mavjud. Halol yigitlar bu ko'plab yirik shaharlarda o'z filiallarini ishlab chiqaradigan noyob Amerika halol restoranlar tarmog'i. Biroq, kichik shaharlarda va qishloq joylarda bunday oziq-ovqat ko'pincha umuman mavjud emas.
Odob-axloq qoidalari
Odatda ishlatilmaydigan o'rindiqlarga ega bo'lsa ham, boshqa ovqatlanuvchilar egallagan stolga qo'shilish odatda noo'rin; Amerikaliklar ovqatlanish paytida ushbu maxfiylikni afzal ko'rishadi. Istisno holatlar qatorida uzun stollar va ko'p odamlar yig'iladigan norasmiy restoranlar va kafelar joylashgan kafeterya uslubidagi ovqatlanish joylari mavjud bo'lib, u erda siz notanish odamdan ular o'tirgan stolni baham ko'rishingizni so'rab, muvaffaqiyatga erishishingiz mumkin. Bunday vaziyatda suhbatni boshlash xush kelibsiz yoki bo'lmasligi mumkin.
Stol odoblari har xil bo'lsa ham, odatda Evropa ta'sirida. Ovqatlanish paytida laqqa tushirish yoki boshqa shovqinlarni ko'tarish qo'pol deb hisoblanadi, shuningdek, baland ovoz bilan suhbat (shu jumladan telefon qo'ng'iroqlari). Ovqatlanishdan oldin sizning stolingizdagi hamma xizmat ko'rsatguncha kutish odatiy holdir. Siz mato salfetkalarini tizzangizga yotqizishingiz kerak; qog'oz peçetelerle ham xuddi shunday qilishingiz yoki ularni stolda saqlashingiz mumkin.
Ko'plab tezkor oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari (sendvichlar, burgerlar, pizza, tako va boshqalar) qo'lda iste'mol qilish uchun mo'ljallangan; bir nechta ovqatlar deyarli har doim o'rtacha darajada yaxshi restoranlarda ham qo'lda iste'mol qilinadi (frantsuz kartoshkasi, pastırma, barbekyu qovurg'alari va ko'plab aperitivlar). Agar ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa, vilkalar pichoq bilan "barmoq ovqatlari" deb nomlangan ovqat eyish hech kimni ranjitmaydi; qo'l kuchi bilan vilkalar pichoqli taomlarni iste'mol qilish.
Ovqatingizni tugatmasangiz, jinoyat qabul qilinmaydi; aksariyat restoranlar o'zlari bilan olib ketish uchun qoldiqni paketga joylashtiradilar yoki buni o'zingiz qilishingiz uchun quti bilan ta'minlaydilar (ba'zida evfemik tarzda "it sumkasi" deb nomlanadi, bu sizning uy hayvoningiz uchun qoldiq ekanligini anglatadi). Agar buni amalga oshirishni istasangiz, serverdan "ketish" qoldig'ini olishini so'rang; bu deyarli hamma uchun tushunarli bo'ladi va hech qanday noqulaylik tug'dirmaydi. Ba'zi restoranlarda "siz yeyishingiz mumkin" bufet yoki boshqa xizmat mavjud; bunday ovqatdan uy qismlarini olishga ruxsat berilmaydi yoki qo'shimcha xarajatlarni talab qiladi.
Shaxsiy uyda ovqatlanishga taklif qilishda siz ovqatga biron bir narsa, masalan, shirinlik, garnitur, sharob yoki pivo yoki ochiq havoda pishiriq, muz yoki bir martalik stakan yoki plastinka kabi foydali narsalarni qo'shishingiz mumkinmi deb so'rashingiz mumkin. . Uy egasi ko'pincha pasayadi, ayniqsa siz sayohatchisiz. Agar sizdan ovqatga hissa qo'shishingiz so'ralmasa, uy egasiga kichik sovg'a olib kelishingiz yaxshi xulq-atvor hisoblanadi (ko'pincha " styuardessa sovg'asi). Bir shisha sharob, konfet qutisi yoki yangi uzilgan gullar eng keng tarqalgan. Sovg'angizni, agar u ovqat bo'lsa, ovqat bilan birga berilishini kutmasligingiz kerak; mezbon ovqatning tarkibiy qismlarini allaqachon tanlab olgan. Naqd pul sovg'alari yoki juda shaxsiy narsalar (masalan, dush buyumlari) mos emas.
Istisno - bu qozon yoki ko'chirish ovqat, bu erda har bir mehmon (yoki guruh / oila) hammaga baham ko'rish uchun ovqat idishini olib keladi; bu umumiy taomlar butun ovqatni tashkil qiladi. Odatda idishlar birlashtiriladi (masalan, salatlar, asosiy ovqatlar yoki kastryulkalar, garnitürler, hors d'oeuvres, shirinliklar); uy egasidan, xususan sizga biror narsa olib kelishingizni xohlashlarini so'rashingiz kerak. Kastryulka uchun ideal idishlar katta hajmdan berilishi kerak qozon, idish-tovoq yoki piyola va odatda bufet uslubida xizmat qilishadi - shuning uchun salatlar, kastrulkalar va luqma kattalikdagi ovqatlarga ahamiyat beriladi. Ushbu turdagi ovqatlar, odatda, yaxshi tayyorlangan taomlarning keng assortimentini taklif etadi va bu haqiqiy Amerika oshxonasini boshdan kechirishning eng yaxshi usuli bo'lishi mumkin, va sizning chet ellik mutaxassisligingiz shunchaki yulduzlarni jalb qilishi mumkin!
Chekish
Barda yoki restoranda yoki boshqa jamoat joylarida chekishga ruxsat beriladimi-yo'qmi, shtatlar orasida, hatto ichida ham farq qiladi. Ko'pgina hollarda, bu taqiqlangan. Agar "Chekish taqiqlanadi" belgisi bo'lsa, yonib turish sizni iflos ko'rinishga qo'shimcha ravishda chiqarib yuborishingiz, jarimaga tortishingiz yoki hibsga olishingiz mumkin.
Chekish, hatto ruxsat berilgan joyda ham, ijtimoiy tamg'aga aylandi. Siz atrofingizdagi odamlardan yoritishni boshlashdan oldin bunga qarshi ekanliklarini so'rashingiz mumkin. Ko'pgina shtatlarda jamoat kirish joylari yonida chekish to'g'risida qonunlar mavjud: ijro etilishi izchil bo'lmasa-da, eshikka minimal masofani bildirgan yozuvlarni kuzatib boring. Odatda, agar siz kul laganda yoki butsa stantsiyasini topsangiz, u erda chekishingiz mumkin.
2018 yilga kelib, ba'zi shtatlar dam olish va / yoki tibbiy maqsadlarda foydalanishni qonuniylashtirgan nasha. Nasha / tibbiy marixuana qonuniy bo'lgan shtatlarda, yashil xoch - Qizil Xoch logotipiga o'xshash va boshqa mamlakatlarning oddiy dorixonalari uchun belgilarga o'xshash chalkashlik - tibbiy marixuana sotadigan biznesni anglatadi. Ba'zi hududlarda sotish faqat mahalliy aholi yoki muayyan tibbiy sharoitga ega odamlar uchun cheklanishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, federal qonun nasha bilan ishlashni taqiqlaydi va nasha bilan mamlakatga yoki davlat chegaralari orqali, hatto nasha qonuniy bo'lgan davlatlar o'rtasida ham olib o'tish jinoyat hisoblanadi. Bundan tashqari, shtat qonuni (yoki hindlarning rezervasyonlari yurisdiksiyasi) va federal qonunlar nasha bilan qanday to'qnashishi aniq emas.
Ichish
Amerikada ichkilikbozlik odatlari uning ko'plab odamlarining kelib chiqishi kabi xilma-xildir. Shaharlarda siz qattiq mahalliy "tortishish va pivo" barlaridan tortib to yuqori darajadagi "martini barlari" ga qadar hamma narsani topishingiz mumkin; shahar barlari va tungi klublari ko'pincha oddiy ovqatlar bilan ta'minlanadi yoki umuman yo'q. Shahar atrofida spirtli ichimliklar asosan barlarda emas, balki restoranlarda beriladi. Qishloq joylarida esa "bar" va "restoran" o'rtasidagi chegara ko'pincha ma'nosiz darajada xiralashadi; yaqin atrofdagi muassasalar bilan mahalliy aholi ovqatlanish uchun ham, tungi hayot uchun ham o'sha joyga borishadi. Bir nechta shtat bor quruq tumanlar, spirtli ichimliklarni mahalliy iste'mol uchun sotish noqonuniy bo'lgan joylar; bu asosan qishloq joylarida.
Qonunlar
Sana chalkashligi Chet el identifikatoridan spirtli ichimliklarni sotib olishga harakat qilayotgan ba'zi 21 yoshli yigitlar kutilmagan muammo bilan chalkashib ketishlari mumkin sana ko'pincha noto'g'ri tartibda bo'ladi! Dunyoning aksariyat qismida tug'ilgan kun 12 yanvar 1996 yil yozilgan bo'lar edi 12-1-1996kunlik-oylik buyurtma yordamida. Ammo AQSh har doim bir oylik kun tartibidan foydalanadi, unda bu raqamlar ma'noga ega bo'ladi 1 dekabr, deyarli bir yil o'tib! Agar sizning shaxsiy guvohnomangizda u kun-oy-yil formatini ishlatishi yoki ba'zi pasportlar kabi oy uchun [inglizcha] ismlardan foydalanishi haqida aniq ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa, ehtimol sizning shaxsiy guvohnomangiz qabul qilinmaydi, chunki xodim sizni boshqa joyga olib borishi mumkin edi siz ichadigan yoshingizdagi so'z. Agar siz muammodan qochmoqchi bo'lsangiz, tug'ilgan kuningizni aniq formatda ko'rsatadigan muqobil identifikatorni oling. |
Ichish yoshi AQSh bo'ylab 21 yoshda. chekka hududlarning aksariyat qismi bundan mustasno (u erda 18 ta). Buning ijrosi turlicha, ammo agar siz kartada bo'lsangiz, har doim haqiqiy rasm identifikatorini olib yuring. Umumiy qabul qilingan guvohnoma shakllari AQSh haydovchilik guvohnomasi, davlat guvohnomasi yoki pasportdir. Ba'zi barlarda va chakana sotuvchilar barcha operatsiyalarda shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjatlarni talab qiladilar, ba'zilari esa chet el haydovchilik guvohnomasini qabul qilmasligi mumkin (ehtimol Kanadadan tashqari), shuning uchun spirtli ichimliklarni sotib olayotganda pasportingiz bo'lishi tavsiya etiladi. Ba'zi shtatlarda 21 yoshga to'lmagan odamlar bar yoki spirtli ichimliklar do'koniga qonuniy ravishda kira olmaydilar - hatto qonun ruxsat bergan joyda ham individual baralar voyaga etmaganlarni qabul qilmasliklari mumkin.
Spirtli ichimliklar savdosi odatda soat 2:00 dan keyin taqiqlanadi, garchi bar ham bor yoki u erda tun bo'yi ochiladigan shaharlar mavjud. Ba'zi shtatlarda aksariyat do'konlarda faqat pivo va sharob sotilishi mumkin; qattiq ichimliklar maxsus spirtli ichimliklar do'konlarida sotiladi. Bir nechta "quruq okruglar" - asosan janubiy shtatlarda - davlat muassasalarida alkogolning ayrim yoki barcha turlarini taqiqlash; xususiy klublar (nominal a'zolik badallari bilan) ko'pincha bu bilan shug'ullanish uchun tashkil etiladi. Yakshanba kuni sotuvlar ba'zi hududlarda cheklangan.
Aksariyat shaharlarda turli darajadagi majburlov choralari bilan ochiq joylarda ichish taqiqlanadi. Agar ruxsat berilsa ham, ko'rinadigan shisha (kichik sumkada emas) noqonuniy hisoblanadi yoki politsiya e'tiborini oqlaydi. "Mast va tartibsiz" bo'lish noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Mast holda transport vositasini boshqarish juda qattiq tekshiruv ostida. Qonda alkogol darajasi 0,08% "ta'sir ostida" deb hisoblanadi va ko'plab davlatlar 0,05% darajani "buzilgan" deb hisoblashadi. Agar siz 21 yoshdan kichik bo'lsangiz, aksariyat shtatlarda 0,00-0,02% gacha chegaralar mavjud. Amerika politsiyasi mast haydovchilarni (ayniqsa, dam olish kunlari) keskin kuzatib boradi va ularning ta'sirida bo'lganingizni tezda aniqlaydigan bir qator vositalar mavjud. Agar siz spirtli ichimlik boshqargan holda ushlangan bo'lsangiz, deyarli hibsga olinasiz. Chet elliklar odatda deportatsiya qilinadi, hattoki yaxshi yashagan doimiy fuqarolar. Shuningdek, avtoulovning yuk tashish joyidan boshqa hamma joyida spirtli ichimliklar idishi ochiq bo'lishi qonunga ziddir; bu katta jarimaga tortilishi mumkin. Agar siz o'zingizni rejalashtirganingizdan bir oz ko'proq ichganingiz va haydashingiz kerakligiga ishonchingiz komil bo'lmagan vaziyatga tushib qolsangiz, taksilarning kabinalari o'rta va katta shaharlarda juda ko'p ishlaydi va minalashtiruvchi dasturlarda haydovchilar hatto kichik shaharlarda ham mavjud. Ko'plab avtoulov klublari uyga qaytish uchun ishonch telefonlarini taklif qilishadi.
Ichimliklar
Pivo va vino distillangan bo'lmagan asosiy alkogol ichimliklardir viski Asosiy qattiq suyuqlik (ya'ni distillangan ichimlik). Qattiq sidr fermentlangan olmalardan spirtli ichimlik; ikki asr oldin g'ayrat bilan iste'mol qilingan bo'lsa-da, uning mashhurligi endi o'nlab yillik qorong'ilikdan so'ng qayta tiklanmoqda. "Sidr" qo'shimcha malakasiz - bu shunchaki filtrlanmagan olma sharbatining xilma-xilligi, garchi barda bu so'z alkogolli ichimlikka tegishli deb tushunilsa.
Pivo AQShda iste'mol qilinadigan alkogolning taxminan yarmini tashkil qiladi (1990 yildan beri pivoning boshqa turlari paydo bo'lishiga qaramay) milliy (eng arzon va o'rtacha) lagerlarda eng keng tarqalgan bo'lib qolmoqda. Mikro pivo zavodlarian'anaviy usullar bilan ishlab chiqarilgan kichik partiyali va sifatli pivolarga ixtisoslashgan bo'lib, ularga kerakli navlarni qo'shadi. Mikrobrews, shuningdek, "hunarmandchilik pivolari" deb nomlanadi, ko'pincha ixtirochi va eksperimental hisoblanadi; ba'zilari klassik pivo uslublarining ajoyib namunalari, boshqalari esa cheklovlarni oshirib, yangi, o'ziga xos lazzatlarni rivojlantiradi. Ularning aksariyati faqat mahalliy sharoitda mavjud, ammo ularning bir nechtasi mintaqaviy yoki hatto milliy miqyosda tarqatilgan. Ba'zi bar va restoranlarda hunarmandchilik pivolari, boshqalari tasodifan ko'rinmayapti. Aksariyat do'konlarda (hatto do'konlarda ham) kamida bittasi bor, aksariyati keng tanlovga ega. Pivo pivolari mikro pivo zavodini va barni birlashtiring va binoda ishlab chiqariladigan taniqli pivoga xizmat qiling.
Vino sifatli spektrda mavjud. Amerika sharoblari asosan uzum navlari bilan belgilanadi. Sifat bo'yicha aniq qo'llanma yorliqning o'ziga xos xususiyati bilan bog'liq. Faqatgina rang ("qizil", "oq" va "pushti" yoki "pushti") eng past darajani bildiradi. Yuqorida mintaqalar shtat tomonidan belgilanadi (masalan, "Kaliforniya"), shtat hududi (masalan, ")Markaziy qirg'oq"), tuman yoki boshqa kichik mintaqa (masalan," Willamette Valley ") yoki ma'lum bir uzumzor (masalan," Dry Creek Vineyard ").
Eng arzon sharob qutiga solingan plastik to'rva ichiga tushishga moyil. "Bum sharob" nomi bilan tanilgan "mustahkamlangan vinolar" yuqori darajadagi Evropa porti, sherri yoki Madeyraning qarama-qarshidir.
Hamma 50 shtatda ham vinochilikning bir turi mavjud, garchi Amerikadagi sharobning 90%, shu jumladan, eng yuqori sharob sharobidir Napa vodiysi- bu Kaliforniyalik. Oregon shtatidagi sharoblar Willamette Valley va Vashington shtati ular kamroq tanilganligi sababli yaxshi qiymatni anglatadi. Michigan, Kolorado sharob mamlakativa Nyu-York shtatidagi Barmoqli ko'llar xalqaro tanlovlarda g'olib bo'lgan nemis uslubidagi oq tanlilar ishlab chiqarish. The Llano Estakado Texas shtati ham sharoblari bilan ajralib turadi.
Gazlangan vinolar yuqori darajadagi restoranlarda shisha tomonidan mavjud bo'lib, ba'zida stakan tomonidan xizmat qilinadi. Eng yaxshi Kaliforniyalik ko'pikli sharoblar etakchi frantsuz shampanlari bilan taqqoslangan, ammo ular Kaliforniyadan tashqarida supermarketlarda sotilmaydi.
Gazlangan sidr odatda alkogolsiz ichimlik bo'lib, u shampan shishasi shaklida bo'ladi va xushbo'ylashtirilishi mumkin. Qattiq sidr ular tarkibida spirtli ichimliklar mavjud.
Shahar sharob barlaridan tashqari, ko'pgina barlarda e'tiborga loyiq bo'lmagan sharob xizmat qiladi. Ba'zi restoranlar tomonidan vino juda jiddiy qabul qilinadi, ammo boshqa barcha spirtli ichimliklar singari, shisha uchun spirtli ichimliklar do'konining narxidan to'rt baravar ko'proq to'lashni kutmoqdalar.
Qattiq alkogol (ya'ni spirtli ichimliklar) odatda mikserlar bilan ichiladi, lekin u "toshlarda" (muz bilan) yoki "to'g'ri" (aralashtirilmagan, muzsiz, shuningdek "toza" deb nomlanadi) xizmat qiladi. An'anaviy tanlov bo'lgan viski, aroq va boshqa toza ruhlarning mashhurligi oshganiga qaramay, mashhur bo'lib qolmoqda. Viski turli xil donalardan distillangan. Asosiy turlari javdar, malt (asosan arpa bilan tayyorlangan) va burbon (asosan makkajo'xori, ya'ni makkajo'xori bilan tayyorlangan).
Kecha hayoti
Amerikadagi tungi klublar har xil musiqiy sahnalarning odatiy gamutini, eng yaxshi 40 ta raqs kuylari bo'lgan diskotekalardan tortib, noaniq musiqiy janrlarning mayda bo'laklariga xizmat qiladigan qorong'u klublarga qadar ishlaydi. Kantri musiqiy raqs klublari yoki jonli tonks, Janubiy va G'arbda, ayniqsa qishloq joylarida va qirg'oqlardan uzoqroqda juda qalin yotqizilgan, ammo bir yoki ikkitasini deyarli har qanday shaharda uchratish mumkin. Shuningdek, gey / lesbiyan tungi klublari deyarli har bir o'rta va katta shaharlarda mavjud.
"Baxtli soat", odatda 30 daqiqadan uch soatgacha davom etadigan davr, odatda soat 17.00 dan 20.00 gacha, tanlangan ichimliklar uchun sezilarli chegirmalarni ko'radi. Ayollar chegirmaga ega bo'lgan "xonimlar kechalari" tobora keng tarqalgan.
1977 yilgacha qonuniy qimor o'ynagan AQShning yagona shtati bo'lgan Nevada. Shtat 1930-yillardan buyon shunday kurort shaharlarini yaratib, tasodifiy o'yinlarga ruxsat berdi Las-Vegas va Reno jarayonida. "Sin City" deb nomlangan Las-Vegas, xususan, dam olish maskani, tungi klublar, striptiz klublar, shoular, barlar va to'rt yulduzli restoranlar kabi boshqa ko'plab ish vaqtlarini taklif qiladigan, kattalar o'yin maydonchasiga aylandi. O'shandan beri qimor o'yinlari Nevada shtatidan tashqarida AQShning o'xshash shaharlarining ko'pligiga tarqaldi Atlantika Siti, Nyu-Jersi va Missisipi Biloxi shahri, shuningdek, daryo qayiqlariga, dengizda sayohat va hindlarning rezervatsiyalariga. Davlat lotereyalari va "skretch o'yinlari" - bu qonuniylashtirilgan qimor o'yinlarining yana bir mashhur turi. Biroq, AQShda shtat bo'ylab onlayn o'yinlar va sport o'yinlari garovi noqonuniy bo'lib qolmoqda.
Alkogolsiz ichimliklar
Qo'shma Shtatlar turli xil alkogolsiz ichimliklar bu erda paydo bo'lgan eng mashhur brendlar bilan. Pepsi va Coca-Cola butun dunyoda sotilayotgan bo'lsa-da, ba'zi lazzatlari Shimoliy Amerikadan tashqarida deyarli ma'lum emas. Bir vaqtlar Evropaning qiziqishi sifatida ko'rilgan gazlangan suv, shakarli alkogolsiz ichimliklar o'rniga sog'lom alternativa sifatida tobora ommalashib bormoqda va endi aksariyat do'konlarda mavjud. Müslüm suvi odatda restoranlarda bepul xizmat qiladi va Nyu-York shahridan tashqari mamlakatning aksariyat qismida siz odatda kofe, choy va (biroz kamroq) alkogolsiz ichimliklarni bepul to'ldirasiz. Amerikaliklar o'zlarining ichimliklariga juda ko'p muz solishni yaxshi ko'radilar, shuning uchun siz boshqacha talab qilmasangiz, restoranda buyurtma qilingan alkogolsiz ichimlikda (shu jumladan suvda) ko'p miqdordagi muz kublari bo'lishini kuting. Tez ovqatlanadigan restoranlarda suvga buyurtma berishda, agar siz musluk suvini ko'rsatmasangiz, shisha suv qabul qilinishi mumkin.
Uyqu
Hozirgacha Qo'shma Shtatlarning qishloqlarida va ko'plab davlatlar orasida eng keng tarqalgan turar joy bu motel. Avtoulov sayohatchilariga arzon xonalarni taqdim etgan motellarning aksariyati toza va oqilona bo'lib, cheklangan imkoniyatlarga ega: telefon, televizor, yotoq, hammom. Motel 6 (☏ 1-800-466-8356) - bu o'rtacha narxlarga ega bo'lgan milliy zanjir (shaharga qarab, 30-70 dollar). Super 8 motellari (☏ 1-800-800-8000) butun mamlakat bo'ylab ham oqilona turar joy bilan ta'minlash. Rezervasyonlar odatda keraksizdir, bu qulay, chunki siz uzoq safarni o'zboshimchalik bilan to'xtatishingiz shart emas; charchaguncha haydashingiz mumkin, keyin xona topasiz. Ko'pincha ular bo'sh joy bor-yo'qligini bilish uchun tashqarida o'z belgisini yoqib yuborishadi, bu holda ular bo'lsa, shunchaki kirib borishingiz mumkin. Biroq, ba'zilari kattalar tomonidan jinsiy aloqa yoki noqonuniy harakatlar uchun tunni qidirmoqchi bo'lganlar tomonidan foydalaniladi va ularning aksariyati nomaqbul joylarda joylashgan.
Mamlakat bo'ylab biznes yoki kengaytirilgan mehmonxonalar tobora ko'payib bormoqda. Ular O'rta G'arbiy bo'ylab kichik shaharlarda yoki qirg'oq shahar joylarida joylashgan. Odatda ular motellarga qaraganda qimmatroq, ammo to'liq mehmonxonalar kabi qimmat emas, ularning narxi 70 dan 170 dollargacha. Mehmonxonalar motel kattaligida ko'rinishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, katta mehmonxonalarda qulayliklarni taklif qilishlari mumkin.
Ba'zi bir uzoq muddatli mehmonxonalar ishbilarmon sayohatchilarga yoki uzoq muddatli mehmonxonalarda bo'lgan oilalarga (ko'pincha korporativ qarorlar tufayli boshqa joyga ko'chib o'tishga) yo'naltirilgan. Ushbu mehmonxonalarda ko'pincha ko'p xonalarda oshxonalar, tushdan keyin o'tkaziladigan ijtimoiy tadbirlar (odatda hovuz bo'yida) va kontinental nonushta mavjud. Bunday "suite" mehmonxonalar taxminan tengdir xizmat ko'rsatiladigan kvartiralar boshqa mamlakatlarda uchraydi, ammo bu atama odatda amerikalik ingliz tilida ishlatilmaydi.
Mehmonxonalar aksariyat shaharlarda mavjud va odatda motellarga qaraganda ko'proq xizmat va qulayliklarni taklif etadi. Odatda xonalar bir kecha uchun taxminan 80-300 dollarni tashkil qiladi, lekin juda katta, jozibali va qimmat mehmonxonalarni aksariyat yirik shaharlarda uchratish mumkin, ular ba'zi uylardan kattaroq hashamatli suitlarni taklif etadi. Kirish va chiqish vaqtlari deyarli har doim soat 11:00 va 14: 00-19: 00 gacha tushadi. AQShdagi ba'zi mehmonxonalar yoshi kattalar bilan ro'yxatdan o'tmasa, 21 yoshgacha bo'lgan odamlarni qabul qilmaydi. Hozirda AQShning ko'plab shaharlarida chekka shaharlarda "ishbilarmon sayyohlar" ga mo'ljallangan yuqori sifatli mehmonxonalar joylashgan. Ushbu mehmonxonalarda ko'pincha shahar / CBD qarindoshlari (va boshqalar) ning barcha qulayliklari mavjud, ammo unchalik katta bo'lmagan narxlarda. Kam sonli mehmonxonalar itlarga mos keladi, boshqa uy hayvonlari turlaridan esa kamroq. har qanday holatda ham qo'shimcha to'lov va qaytarib beriladigan zarar uchun depozit to'lashingiz kerak bo'ladi. Wi-fi va nonushta kabi qulayliklar odatda o'rta darajadagi mehmonxonalarda bepul, lekin ko'pincha eng arzon motellarda umuman mavjud emas va faqat hashamatli mehmonxonalarda haddan tashqari narxlarda foydalanish mumkin.
Ko'p qishloq joylarda yotoq va nonushta (B&B) turar joyni odatda konvertatsiya qilingan uylarda topish mumkin. B & Bs bepul nonushta bilan uy sharoitida yashash imkoniyatini beradi. Yotoq va nonushta kechasi taxminan 50 dan 200 dollargacha o'zgarib turadi va zanjirli mehmonxonalar va motellarning shaxssizligidan yaxshi tanaffus bo'lishi mumkin. Evropadan farqli o'laroq, aksariyat Amerika yotoqxonalari va nonushta belgilanmagan.
AQShni qamrab olgan eng taniqli ikkita mehmonxona yo'riqchilari AAA (sobiq Amerika avtomobilsozlik assotsiatsiyasi; odatda "Uch kishilik A" deb nomlanuvchi) TourBooks bo'lib, ular butun dunyo bo'ylab mahalliy AAA ofislarida a'zolar va sherik avtoklublarga taqdim etiladi; va Kitob do'konlarida mavjud bo'lgan Mobil sayohat qo'llanmasi. Internetda mehmonxonalarni bron qilish uchun bir nechta veb-saytlar mavjud; shuni bilingki, ushbu saytlarning aksariyati xona narxiga kichik komissiya qo'shadi, shuning uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mehmonxona orqali bron qilish arzonroq bo'lishi mumkin. Boshqa tomondan, ba'zi mehmonxonalar "tushirish" ishi uchun agentlar va brokerlar orqali sotib olingan zahiradagi xonalardan yoki xonalardan ko'ra ko'proq haq olishadi, shuning uchun ikkalasini ham tekshirishga arziydi.
Yoshlar uchun yotoqxonalar AQShda haqiqatan ham uchib ketmagan, ammo ular butun mamlakat bo'ylab mavjud. Ba'zilar. Bilan bog'liq American Youth Hostel tashkilot (Hostelling International a'zosi). Yotoqxonalarning sifati juda xilma-xil, ammo bir kecha uchun $ 8–24 $, narxlar beqiyos. Nomiga qaramay, AYH a'zosi har qanday yoshdagi odamlar uchun ochiq. AYH bo'lmagan yotoqxonalar, ayniqsa katta shaharlarda ham mavjud. Xostellar ko'proq sayyohlik joylarida to'plangan: barcha o'rta shaharlarda yotoqxona bo'ladi, hatto juda katta shaharlarda ham bittadan yoki ikkitasi bo'lishi mumkin deb o'ylamang.
Lager ayniqsa qulay ob-havo sharoitida arzon turar joy varianti bo'lishi mumkin. Salbiy tomoni shundaki, aksariyat lagerlar shahar hududlaridan tashqarida, shuning uchun katta shaharlarga sayohat qilish imkoniyati katta emas. Ning ulkan tarmog'i mavjud milliy bog'lar (☏ 1-800-365-2267), aksariyat shtatlar va ko'plab tumanlarda ham o'zlarining park tizimlari mavjud. Aksariyat davlat va milliy lagerlar juda yaxshi sifatli, chiroyli tabiiy muhitga ega. Kirish paytida bitta mashina uchun 7–20 dollar to'lashni kuting. Amerikaning kampinglari (KOA) butun mamlakat bo'ylab tijorat lagerlaridagi franchayzalar tarmog'iga ega, bu ularning davlat sektoridagi ekvivalentlariga qaraganda ancha kam jozibali, ammo ko'ngil ochish transport vositalari va kir yuvish xonalari kabi qulayliklarga ega. Mustaqil ravishda son-sanoqsiz xususiy lagerlar xarakteriga ko'ra farq qiladi.
Biroz g'ayrioddiy turar joy variantlari ma'lum joylarda yoki oldindan kelishilgan holda mavjud. Masalan, a-da qolish sizga yoqishi mumkin uy qayig'i yilda Tahoe ko'li yoki Eri kanali. Yoki a da qoling daraxt uyi Oregonda. Oddiy turar joylarni kollej yoki universitet yotoqxonalarida topish mumkin, ularning bir nechtasi yozda sayohatchilarga xonalarni ijaraga beradi. Va nihoyat, ko'plab sayyohlik hududlarida, shuningdek katta shaharlarda siz kun bo'yi jihozlangan uyni ijaraga olishingiz mumkin.
O'rganing
- Asosiy maqola: Qo'shma Shtatlarda o'qish
- Shuningdek qarang: AQShdagi nufuzli va taniqli universitetlarga sayohat qilish
Qo'shma Shtatlarda kunduzgi o'qish - bu ilg'or ta'lim olish, chet elni ko'rish imkoniyatini topish va AQSh va uning aholisi to'g'risida yaxshiroq tushunishni istagan yoshlar uchun ajoyib imkoniyat. Buni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kollejga kirish uchun ariza berish yoki o'zingizning mamlakatingizdagi kollejning "chet elda o'qish" yoki "valyuta almashinuvi" bo'limi orqali mustaqil ravishda amalga oshirish mumkin, odatda bitta muddat yoki bir yilga. Ikkinchisi odatda eng oson; ikki muassasa kelishuvlarning katta qismini bajaradi va siz g'alati mamlakatda to'rt yil yashash majburiyatini olishingiz shart emas. AQSh dunyodagi eng nufuzli universitetlarning ko'pchiligiga ega va dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlariga qaraganda ko'proq chet ellik talabalarni jalb qiladi va madaniy xilma-xillikni uning eng yaxshi universitetlarida ko'rish mumkin.
Ish
- Asosiy maqola: Qo'shma Shtatlarda ishlash
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari dunyodagi eng yirik iqtisodiyot sifatida chet elliklarni malaka darajasi va iqtisodiy sohalar bo'yicha ishga joylashish imkoniyatiga ega. Boshqa mamlakatlar singari, AQSh ham AQSh aholisiga ustunlik berish uchun immigratsiya va viza to'g'risidagi qonunlarni qabul qildi. AQShda ish topishda qanday qonuniy to'siqlarga duch kelayotganingizni tushunganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, AQShda noqonuniy ishlashga urinmang, chunki hibsga olish, deportatsiya qilish va qayta kirishni taqiqlash mumkin. Noqonuniy ishchilar ham xavfli ish sharoitlari xavfini tug'diradi.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
Jinoyat
Sarlavhali yirik jinoyatlar AQShga jinoyatchilik obro'sini beradi, ammo kam sonli tashrif buyuruvchilar har qanday muammoga duch kelishadi; Muammoni oldini olish uchun aql-idrok bilan ehtiyot bo'lish va hushyor turish etarli. Zo'ravonlik jinoyati, odatda, mahallalardagi to'dalar va giyohvand moddalar bilan, qizg'in tortishuvlar bilan bog'liq. Ulardan saqlaning va yaxshi bo'lasiz. Shahar sayyohlik zonalari qattiq politsiya bilan ta'minlangan va mayda jinoyatlardan boshqa barcha narsalardan xavfsizdir.
Amerikadagi qishloq jinoyatchiligi juda kam uchraydi va juda mahalliy bo'lib, asosan, juda kambag'al, notinch jamoalarda sodir bo'ladi. Shahar joylarda, uy-joysiz odamlar bor, ular agressiv ravishda pul so'rashlari mumkin. Agar sizni bezovta qilayotganini sezsangiz, qat'iy ravishda "Yo'q" deb ayting va keting.
Noqonuniy immigratsiya va giyohvand moddalar kontrabandasi va rasmiylarning ularga nisbatan qo'pol muomalasi Meksika chegarasini ziyorat qilishni istamaydi. Rasmiy chegara o'tish joylaridan foydalanish xavfsiz.
There has been a reported increase in mass shootings and white nationalist terrorism since 2016, albeit against the backdrop of a declining number of homicide deaths overall. While these occur in random locations that are nearly impossible to predict, as a tourist, your chances of encountering one are slim.
Politsiya
The police are generally polite, professional, and honest. The police will however draw and use their weapons much faster and with more deadly force than police forces in other Western countries. When in uniform, they are more formal, cautious, cold and sometimes aggressive than police in, say, Europe or Latin America—especially in large cities. If stopped by police, do not feel scared or anxious. Stay calm, be polite and cooperative, avoid making sudden movements, and state what you are doing if you need to reach for your purse or wallet to present your identification. It is particularly important for you to appear calm and cooperative if you are a person of color, since non-white people are much more likely to be subjected to police harassment.
If you have been pulled over by a police officer, turn on your car's lights and keep your hands on the wheel; do not exit the vehicle unless told to do so.
Qil emas offer bribes to a police officer under any circumstances. U.S. police culture categorically rejects bribes, and even the mere suggestion can result in your immediate arrest. If you need to pay a fine, don't try to pay the officer; he or she can direct you to the appropriate police station, courthouse, or government office. Most minor traffic infractions can be paid by mail. Increasingly fines can be paid online or over the phone within a matter of minutes of receiving the ticket, though often for a convenience fee of a few dollars. Instructions are often printed on the ticket. Unlike in much of the world, fines are not tied to income and can be rather steep as many towns and counties—controversially—rely on them as a major source of revenue. You should thus be especially careful to comply with the less obvious rules.
There are three types of police you are most likely to encounter: state police or highway patrol units on major highways, rural areas and/or state government offices, deputy sheriffs employed by county governments in rural areas, and police officers employed by city or town governments in urban areas. There are also smaller police departments, like transit or airport police which patrol public transportation, and university or campus police which patrol universities. Federal law enforcement officers, such as FBI agents, are generally found only in or near federal facilities, such as ports of entry, national parks, and federal government offices. If you encounter them elsewhere, it is usually because they are investigating specific allegations of federal crimes.
Favqulodda xizmatlar
Dialing 911 at any telephone will reach the emergency services (police, fire, ambulance, etc.). Any U.S. phone, regardless if it is "active" or not, must be able to dial 911 if it is connected to the network, and such calls are always free. Unless you are calling from a mobile or Internet-based phone, the operator should be able to locate you from the phone you are using even if you do not say anything. Modern cell phones will send a GPS fix of your location down to a few meters within a few seconds of dialing 911. Dialing 911 and leaving an open line will bring all 3 emergency services to your location in under 5 minutes in most populated areas. Response time may be longer in sparsely populated areas or along the Interstates.
On any GSM mobile phone (the standard technology in most of the world, especially in Europe), you can also dial 112, which is the standard emergency number for GSM networks worldwide. U.S. GSM carriers (AT&T, T-Mobile, and smaller regional operators) automatically redirect 112 calls to 911.
Chegara xizmati
The United States Border Patrol works near both the Canadian and the Mexican borders, as well as in Southern coastal areas like the Florida Keys. They can verify immigration status and enforce immigration laws in the "border zones"—generally within 40 miles of Canada and 75 miles of Mexico (although the law allows for 100 miles from any border, including sea and the Great Lakes). Near Canada they tend to be unobtrusive and generally focus their work on long-distance buses and trains. Near the southern border, systematic vehicle checkpoints or being stopped on the street with a friendly "Papers, please..." is much more likely. They tend not to target tourists specifically.
Foreigners are always required to carry their passports, visas, and landing cards (or Green Cards). Being found without them near the border could lead you to being detained until your status is verified, or possibly fined. If your documents are in order, you generally won't be questioned. In most states (Arizona is a notable exception), police and other local authorities are not allowed to question you about your immigration status or to ask to see your passport or visa unless you're arrested and charged with a crime, and then only for the purpose of connecting you with your embassy. As a result of the 9/11 attacks, some statistics have shown that Muslims or those who are assumed to be Muslims may be disproportionately targeted for additional screenings at airports despite claims that passengers are chosen at random.
Natural disasters
The U.S. is a huge country with very varied geography, and parts of it are occasionally affected by natural disasters: bo'ronlar va tropical storms from June through November in the Janubiy and along the East Coast, blizzards yilda Yangi Angliya, near the Great Lakes, and in the Toshli tog'lar, tornado mostly in the Buyuk tekisliklar and Midwest, zilzilalar on the West Coast and in Alyaska, floods in areas of the Midwest and Texas va wildfires in the late summer and early fall in the western half, particularly Kaliforniya va Janubi-g'arbiy. See the regions in question for more details.
Because tornadoes are so common between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains, this area has earned itself the colloquial name Tornado Alley. Hawaii contains several active volcanoes, but they are not usually a threat to life and limb. The last high profile eruption in the mainland U.S. was that of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.
In the case of a natural disaster, local, state or federal authorities can issue a warning over the Emergency Alert System. It has a very distinctive electronic screeching followed by a sound similar to a dial tone prior to any message. It will override AM/FM radio broadcasts as well as TV systems. Smartphones sold since about 2011 will often receive an alert message based on the current location of the phone (depending on the phone's settings, this may include a loud alert tone). Coast Guard weather is broadcast continuously on VHF marine radio for seafarers; a separate system (seven frequencies around 161 MHz) provides conditions ashore. Special "weather radios" are able to monitor the frequency, even in standby mode, and sound the alarm if deadly storms (such as tornadoes or hurricanes) are brewing. In most tornado-prone regions, a system of sirens will sound when a tornado warning is issued. If you hear the siren, seek shelter immediately. (For more information, see tornado xavfsizligi.)
Gay and lesbian
In general, the U.S. is a safe destination for gay and lesbian travelers, though as a whole, homosexuality is not quite as well accepted as in Australia, New Zealand, Canada or Western Europe. Most Americans take a live-and-let-live approach to sexuality, and anti-gay violence is very uncommon (though not totally unheard of), but you may receive unwanted attention or remarks in some situations or regions. In general, acceptance of homosexuality is most widespread (to a degree generally on par with Western Europe) in larger cities, college towns, in the Northeast and along the West Coast. However, this is just a general rule of thumb: you'll find homophobes (and, conversely, LGBT-accepting folks) in all corners of the country.
The rainbow flag yoki gay pride flag is widely known even outside the gay community, and is commonly used by both individuals and businesses to signal that they (as individuals) are LGBT themselves or tolerant thereof, or that they (as businesses) are LGBT-owned and/or welcoming to LGBT customers. Other symbols (such as the pink triangle, or specific flags for bisexual or transgender people) exist but are much less widely recognized.
Gay-friendly destinations include Nyu York"s "Chelsi", Ostin, Chikago"s Boystown, Sietl"s Capitol Hill, San-Fransisko"s Castro Street, Vashington"s Dupont Circle, Mayami-Plyaj"s South Beach, Atlanta"s Midtown, Los Anjeles' West Hollywood va Yangi Orlean. An increasing number of resort areas, too, are gay-friendly, including Olovli orol, Key West, Ashevil, Provincetown, Ogunquit, Rehoboth Beach, Saugatuckva Asbury Park. Even leaving aside major tourist destinations, most cities have specific neighborhoods where gay people tend to congregate, and many have resource centers for LGBT people.
If you're married to someone of the same sex, you may encounter some difficulties in more conservative areas of the country, but Supreme Court rulings have made it clear that no municipal, state or federal authority is allowed to treat same-sex relationships differently from opposite-sex ones, and employers are also not allowed to discriminate against employees based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. In most jurisdictions, individual businesses remain free to refuse service to gays and lesbians; fewer than twenty states list sexual orientation as a protected category (like race and gender) and fewer still extend these protections to transgender persons. Esa transgender persons are not prohibited from travel, some have reported undue scrutiny at airport security checkpoints. A few large cities have enacted local anti-discrimination ordinances, and many places have alternative monthly or weekly publications providing LGBT-relevant news and event listings. National LGBT publications include Out magazine and Advokat.
Men planning to engage in any sexual activity should be aware of the heightened risk of HIV and other infections in the United States. A gay American man is 44 times more likely to contract HIV than a heterosexual one, and 46 times more likely to contract syphilis. This risk grows greatly among men likely to engage in one-night stands and other higher-risk behavior. In a nation where 0.5% of the population are infected with HIV, unprotected sex is a very real risk. Precautions, including using protection, are strongly advised during your stay. Most cities have affordable or free testing and treatment centers for STIs, though hours may be limited and waits may be long. Rejalashtirilgan ota-ona clinics are often an affordable alternative. Seeking healthcare elsewhere can be very pricey.
Giyohvand moddalar
| Eslatma: You can be turned away from the U.S. border if you are carrying any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, including marijuana. You can also be turned away if you are employed in the cannabis industry where this is a legal activity. You can be banned from entering the U.S. for life if you lie to a customs official. Crossing the U.S. border with any quantity of cannabis in any form is a federal offense. |
In general, U.S. drug laws can be pretty severe: even possession or transportation of small amounts can lead to prison or deportation. However, laws and attitudes concerning the most commonly available drug, marijuana, vary wildly from state to state. States like Louisiana and Florida impose large fines and lengthy prison sentences, while in other states marijuana use has been largely decriminalized. 18 states allow medical use of marijuana, where persons can obtain marijuana for medicinal use with a doctor's prescription and a "medical marijuana card". In some states, particularly cities on the West Coast, medical marijuana dispensaries are so commonplace that they seem almost ordinary. Many states also allow limited recreational use of marijuana, as does the Kolumbiya okrugi, although the status of legalization there is in doubt due to the District's unique Federal status.
In 2020, Oregon became the first U.S. state both to decriminalize the use of hard drugs and to fully legalize the use of psilocybin (so-called "magic mushrooms"). Additionally, some more liberal-minded cities (masalan. Denver, Oakland, Santa Cruz, and Ann Arbor) have decriminalized hard drugs by municipal law.
However, both marijuana and hard drugs remain illegal under federal law. Under no circumstances should they be transported across state lines (even when it's legal on both sides of the border), onto Indian reservations, onto federal lands or properties (such as federal office buildings, military bases, and post offices), onto flights or across international borders (including Canada, where marijuana is legal). Doing so is considered drug trafficking and subject to the aforementioned harsh penalties. Airports such as Denver Xalqaro increasingly have "cannabis amnesty boxes" pre, and sometimes bizarrely post security, where one can get rid of any cannabis products without facing a penalty.
Fohishalik
Prostitution is illegal except at licensed brothels in rural Nevada. Tolerance varies considerably between states. Police officers occasionally pose as prostitutes to catch and arrest anyone offering to pay for sex.
Guns
It's true: the U.S. has a strong gun culture, and many (but by no means all) Americans own a firearm. Possession of firearms is regulated by individual states, and while these regulations (obtaining necessary permits, the kinds of arms permitted) vary greatly from state to state and, sometimes, from city to city within the same state, the U.S. is generally considered to be a place with lenient attitudes towards firearm ownership, especially compared to Europe and Asia.
Although U.S. citizens have a constitutionally guaranteed right to own and carry firearms, non-immigrant aliens present in America for fewer than 180 days cannot legally possess a firearm or ammunition, unless they travelled specifically for hunting or sport shooting, yoki they have a valid hunting license from the state they are shooting in. Entry in a recognized shooting competition also qualifies. Anything else is strictly illegal.
Warning: People who have renounced U.S. citizenship are not allowed to possess firearms or ammunition, even for sporting purposes.
Your chances of getting shot are very low, lekin:
- In a city, a civilian with an openly visible firearm is generally a rare sight, and thus potentially more of a concern than one in the country. Nonetheless, since many states do permit "open carry", you may encounter somebody with a holstered firearm. Police officers, even detectives who wear civilian clothes on duty, will almost always carry firearms. Many states also have "concealed carry" laws which permit the possession of a concealed firearm in clothing or in a vehicle. Keep in mind that people with permits to carry a firearm, openly or concealed, are usually not criminals and not going to harm you. Though if you witness somebody brandishing a gun, dial 911, as brandishing a firearm is a crime in many states.
- Hunting is popular in rural America. Use of marked trails is generally safe, but if you plan to venture off the beaten path, find out where any hunting may be afoot. If so, everyone in your party (including your dog!) should wear bright colors, particularly "Blaze Orange", to be highly visible to the hunters. The timing and length of hunting seasons, and any applicable permits and regulations, vary between states—see respective state government websites for more information. Hunting is not normally allowed in national or state parks, but is permitted in some national forests.
- Target shooting is a popular sport. Many ranges welcome tourists and will have a variety of firearms available to rent and shoot at the range. Many implement a "two person minimum" rule and consider it unsafe to rent firearms to lone individuals.
- The legal carrying of firearms for protection by individuals hiking, exploring or camping in the wilderness is on the rise due to a small number of highly publicized incidents along well-known hiking trails. This is a controversial issue in the hiking/camping community, with strong arguments on both sides. The proponents argue that legal possession of a firearm does not increase the level of danger for bystanders: those who carry may very well have military or police backgrounds and be more than willing to assist others in an emergency.
- Private property is more strongly protected in the U.S., both in law and in custom, than it is in many other parts of the world. In some areas, it is legal for owners to shoot people in defense of their property. While such incidents are rare, don't risk it - make sure you avoid taking shortcuts across land that might be privately owned, even if unfenced. In all cases, it's considered to be trespassing, which is a crime. If you are in an urgent situation where you have to seek refuge on someone's property, be sure to appropriately notify the owner, or you risk being mistaken for a trespasser.
Mass shootings occasionally make headlines in the U.S., but in such a huge country the risk to any individual is very low. Bu extremely unlikely to happen to you on your visit. If you would like to prepare for this remote possibility anyway, see this section.
Irqchilik
Compared to many European and Asian countries, the U.S. is, at least publicly, a racially tolerant country. The U.S. Constitution, coupled with both state and federal law, prohibits racial discrimination in a range of public spheres such as employment, university admissions and receiving services from retail businesses. However, the Constitution also guarantees freedom of speech to a greater degree than in most other Western democracies, so it is unfortunately possible to encounter racist comments (both blatant and subtle) in public forums.
Still, most Americans are, or at least profess to be, tolerant of other races, and it is uncommon to face open aggression from random people solely as a result of one's race. The country goes through occasional periods of increased animosity toward racial minorities or immigrants, but the longer-term trend has been one of increasing tolerance and acceptance.
Amid the Covid-19 pandemiyasi, there has been a spike in racist incidents targeting people of East Asian descent, with some East Asians having become victims of hate crimes including assaults.
Sog'lom bo'ling
Müslüm suvi is potable, but sometimes avoided due to the taste imparted by the chlorine used to purify it. It's of good quality in many places, including Nyu-York shahri; however, it tastes bad in certain low-rainfall areas, such as Santa Barbara, so you might prefer to drink bottled water or seltzer in those places. Bottled water is near ubiquitous and available for a variety of prices. Quality tends to be high and the chemical difference between a 50 cent bottle of water and a 5 dollar bottle of water is oftentimes negligible. Lead plumbing is still a problem in some places, as became evident in the high profile case of Flint, Michigan, but hotels and public water dispensers are unlikely to be affected.
Disease
Being a highly industrialized nation, the United States is largely free from most serious communicable diseases found in many developing nations; however, the HIV rate is higher than in Canada and Western Europe, with about a 0.5% infection rate in the overall population.
For the latest in traveler's health information pertaining to the United States, including advisories and recommendations, visit the Kasalliklarni nazorat qilish va oldini olish markazlari (CDC) website for health information for travellers to the United States.
Ikki bor yuqumli kasalliklar that are worth becoming educated about:
- Human cases of rabies are quite rare in the United States, though the disease is more prevalent in eastern regions of the country. Rabies is usually contracted from animal bites or saliva. If you are bitten by any mammal, even if it's "just a scratch", see a doctor as soon as possible. If you wait until you get symptoms of rabies, you are almost certain to die; if you get the vaccine before symptoms occur, you have a high chance of surviving. Bats and other small, wild animals are especially prone to carry the rabies virus. If you happen to find a bat in the room (particularly upon waking up, or in the room of an unattended child), call or see a doctor since there may have been an unnoticed bite. Avoid other wild mammals like raccoons, skunks, and foxes, even if they seem tame and approachable.
- Lyme disease is spread via the deer tick, which is prevalent in the woodlands and open fields of many rural areas. There have been cases of Lyme disease in every state, but the great majority have been reported in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic states and Great Lakes states such as Viskonsin, Minnesota va Illinoys. When venturing into the outdoors, it is a good idea to apply an insect repellent onto exposed skin surfaces that is effective against deer ticks. Should you get flu-like symptoms after hiking through wooded areas, make sure to get tested for Lyme disease, as it is often confused with other diseases, and early treatment is usually quite effective.
Other diseases that are endemic within the United States, but are of far less concern, include Hantaviral Pulmonary Syndrome (found in western regions), Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (mostly in the Rocky Mountain region), West Nile Virus (all regions) and Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (particularly in the Midwest).
Due to the high amount of travel and the fact that diaspora communities from almost every country in the world have some presence here., the U.S. is somewhat more likely than other places to have "imported" cases of pandemics, as seen in the case of the Ebola epidemic of 2014. Again this is unlikely to be of concern to you.
Health care
American health care is generally first-class, but very expensive. Make sure that your sayohat sug'urtasi is valid for the U.S. Given the high costs, some "world-wide" insurance specifically does not cover the U.S. But if you can afford it, the U.S. is by far the world's leading nation in medical research, and you have at your disposal the most cutting edge treatments that are often not available anywhere else. Long-term visitors to the U.S. (e.g., work or student visa holders) are generally required to take up private health insurance as part of their visa conditions. If you are planning to work in the U.S., check with your employer to see if health insurance is provided as part of your employee benefits.
To the patient, America's public (20%), private for-profit (20%), and private not-for-profit (60%) hospitals are generally indistinguishable. Inner city public hospitals may be more crowded and less well maintained, but as a whole both costs and service levels are consistently high in all types. No hospital can refuse a life-threatening emergency case. Private hospitals may only stabilize such patients before sending them to a nearby public hospital, which will generally act as the regional center for 24-hour emergency treatment.
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In a life-threatening emergency, dial 911 to summon an ambulance to take you to the nearest hospital emergency room ("ER"), or in less urgent situations get to the hospital yourself and register at the ER's front desk. Ambulance fees typically range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars, and though they will never refuse to transport you in an emergency, the ambulance fees will be billed to you at a later date. Emergency rooms treat patients regardless of their ability to pay, even though their services are not free. Expect to pay at least $500 for a visit, plus the cost of any specific services or medications you are given. Qoching using ERs for non-emergency walk-in care; they are 3–4 times more expensive than other options and your non-urgent condition means you will have a wait of hours or maybe days. Most urban areas also have minor emergency centers (also called "urgent care", etc.) for conditions that don't require a visit to the emergency room (e.g. superficial lacerations). Their hours may be limited; few are open at night.
Walk-in clinics can provide routine medical care; to find one, check the yellow pages (see By phone below) under "Clinics", or call a major hospital and ask. Patients see a doctor or nurse practitioner without an appointment (but often with a bit of a wait). They are typically very up-front about fees, and always accept credit cards. Make sure the clerk knows you will be paying "out of pocket"; if they assume an insurance company is paying, they may inflate the bill with unnecessary extras.
Dentists are accustomed to explaining fees over the phone, and most will accept credit cards. Health insurance typically does emas provide dental coverage; you will need to take up separate dental insurance Buning uchun.
Government-supported clinics offering free or low-cost testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases are widespread. Local Health Departments will provide more details. Rejalashtirilgan ota-ona (1-800-230-7526) is a private agency with clinics and centers around the country providing birth control and other reproductive health services.
Note the difference between a red cross and a green cross: in the United States, anything medically related will have a red cross, whereas medical marijuana dispensaries will have a green cross.
Engish
Diniy xizmatlar
Christian visitors looking to attend religious services should have no problem locating a house of worship, even in small towns. A typical medium-sized American town or city probably has one or more Catholic parishes, several Protestant churches (the most common being Baptist, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Methodist and Episcopal/Anglican), and possibly other houses of worship depending on the demographics of the area (such as synagogues or mosques).
Most churches in the United States practice an "open table", meaning they welcome you to participate in worship, and some or all rituals, even if you're not a member of their religious denomination. Some churches, and some entire denominations, welcome LGBT individuals.
Some churches also have after-church luncheon for free or at a nominal cost. Visitors are always welcome to stay for lunch and fellowship as a way to meet locals.
News and media
The United States has a free and vibrant press industry, with a wide array of news outlets covering the gamut in terms of focus, factual accuracy and political biases.
Though it's not as ubiquitous as before the advent of the Internet, print media isn't dead yet. Just about every mid-sized city (and many small ones) has a daily newspaper covering local news and often some national news. Major metropolitan areas will usually have more than one paper to choose from. With a few exceptions (mostly tabloids like the Nyu-York Post va New York Daily News), most papers provide reasonably balanced coverage of hard news, with their political biases manifesting themselves only in their editorial or opinion sections.
The national paper of record is The New York Times ($2.50 daily, $6 Sunday); its coverage of national and international issues makes it daily reading just about anywhere in the country. For financial news, The Wall Street Journal (also based in NYC, $2) is similarly well-respected and widely read. For a more casual but still informative format, USA Today ($2) is published five days a week; it's the most widely circulated print newspaper in the country. Many hotels offer free copies of either the local paper or USA Today; ask at the front desk. Other widely read papers include the Los Anjeles Tayms (known for its West Coast coverage) and Washington Post (with exemplary political reporting from the nation's capital). Vaqt va Newsweek are newsmagazines published weekly that offer more in-depth feature coverage.
Major metropolitan areas also have a full suite of broadcast television stations; small cities might have only two or three local stations, especially if they're within broadcast range of a larger city. The major broadcast networks are ABC, CBS, NBC, Tulkiva PBS (taxpayer-subsidized public broadcasting); each has local stations in each market that broadcast local and national news, syndicated shows, and in-house TV series. Almost the entire country is wired for cable TV, with hundreds of channels running the gamut from news to sports to entertainment.
Broadcast radio is a much more fragmented market than television; major cities have dozens of stations on both AM and FM bands. The AM band is mostly used for talk formats; music stations are almost exclusively found on the FM band. Many rental cars come equipped with satellite radio dan SiriusXM, which offers hundreds of channels of music, comedy, news, talk, and sports, without the need to keep finding new stations as you drive across the country.
Hurmat
The United States is a very diverse country, meaning that cultural norms can vary significantly from region to region, and it is difficult to generalize what could be offensive and what could not. For instance, while making homophobic statements would be very offensive in a liberal area like New York City, the opposite could be true in a strongly Evangelical rural town in the South.
- It is polite to firmly shake hands when meeting someone or being introduced, and when concluding a business meeting or departing for a long time, though handshaking is often skipped in less formal situations. In casual situations, some people may offer a fist bump, a more complicated handshake or even a hug. Just follow along; mistakes in those situations are no big deal at all. Kissing on the cheeks in greeting is rare and usually done only between close friends and family.
As an adult, once you're introduced to someone, you can usually call them by their first name. If someone gives faqat their first name when being introduced, you can definitely call them that way. Calling someone by their last name is more formal, and with rare exceptions (e.g. sports teams) is always done with "Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss", or with a professional title (e.g., "Doctor [last name]" or "Professor [last name]" or "Officer [last name]"). Such professional titles can also be used alone without a name ("Doctor" [only for a medical doctor], "Professor" or "Officer"), but not so with "waiter", "bus/taxi driver", "flight attendant", etc., which are jobs, not titles. If you don't know someone's name, use "sir/ma'am".
If you're still not certain, and there are no locals around to set an example, it's safer to be overly polite and use last names. Many people will soon respond with "Please, call me [first name]". Alternatively, you can ask someone how they would like to be addressed.
Students should call teachers "Professor [last name]" or "Professor" (at college level), or "Dr. [last name]" or "Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss [last name]" (at any level) depending on whether the teacher has a doctoral degree. "Instructor" and "teacher" are jobs, not titles, so you can talk about "my instructor" or "your teacher", but should not call someone "Instructor" or "Teacher". That being said, it is fairly common for PhD students to address their supervisors by first names; when in doubt, just follow the example of your fellow students.
There's no set way to address a college TA (teaching assistant); calling them "Professor" is totally inaccurate, and "teaching assistant" is not a title. Sticking with "Mr./Ms." is a safe option, although since TAs are fellow students, most will accept or prefer first names.
- At a homestay, a safe choice is to call your homestay parents "Mr./Mrs. [last name]" (in this instance, you don't need to use "Dr." in place of "Mr./Mrs."); in most of the country, that's what their children's friends would normally call them. Depending on the family, they may ask you to call them by their first names, or even to call them "mom" and "dad".
- Unless it is really crowded, leave about an arm's length of personal space between yourself and others.
- Punctuality is valued: being five minutes late is not usually a problem, but if you will be any later, try to call ahead in order to give a warning.
- Americans often draw a strong distinction between their work va personal life. As a general rule, it is inappropriate to ask people more than superficial details about their family and other aspects of their personal life.
- As a result of the country's history of racial discrimination and the modern push toward equality, Americans are exceptionally touchy about issues of race. If you have to reference race, Qora yoki African-American, Osiyo, Latino yoki Hispanic, Native American yoki American Indian, Pacific Islanderva Oq yoki Caucasian are acceptable terms.
- There are some racist tropes that have historically appeared in caricatures, and it is best to avoid alluding to any of them in normal conversation. A lot of this is probably common sense, but there are a few that might not be obvious to some foreign visitors to the United States. For example, African-Americans have been caricatured in print and film countless times eating fried chicken and watermelon, so tread carefully when asking an African-American where to get these.
- Do not tell jokes about race or ethnicity; some of these may be told casually in many other countries, but they are very likely to cause offense in the U.S.
- Avoid showing or talking about Confederate symbols, especially Confederate flags or the song "Dixie". Although regarded by some as an integral part of Southern identity, these are controversial throughout most of the country and increasingly associated with white supremacy, racism and other negative stereotypes about the South.
- The Swastika symbol is very offensive in the U.S. owing to its association with anti-Semitism, Nazism and white supremacy. You should avoid displaying the symbol, even for religious reasons.
- Jins va sexuality are also sensitive issues and best avoided as conversation topics with people you don't know well. As with race, jokes about these are also very likely to offend and best avoided.
- Lar bor Indian reservations scattered throughout the country. Many of these reservations are home to sites that are sacred to the tribe, and certain places may be off-limits to all but tribe members. If you enter a reservation, respect its land and people.
- Gun control is a very polarizing and sensitive issue. Visitors (particularly to rural areas, which tend toward vehement opposition to any legal restrictions on firearm ownership whatsoever) should avoid this topic of conversation if at all possible, and tread very lightly otherwise.
- Since at least the 1990s, the trend has been for Americans to become increasingly polarized in their political beliefs, and nowadays, political allegiance can take precedence over reason and civility. If it even sounds like you are saying something positive about a political figure or policy that someone is against (or speaking ill of a figure or policy they support), you may receive some verbal hostility. However, physically violent reactions to political statements remain rare.
Also see the section on tipping, and the section on chekish.
Dress
Dress in the U.S. tends to be fairly casual. For everyday clothes, jeans and T-shirts are always acceptable, as are shorts when the weather is suitable. Sneakers (athletic shoes) are common; flip-flops and sandals are also popular in warm weather. In the winter seasons in northern states boots are commonly worn.
In general, dress code is a bit more formal in the metropolises of the East Coast, and in the South (where "Southern style" is a surviving concept), and more relaxed the further west you go.
Generally, Americans accept religious attire such as yarmulkes, hijabs and burqas without comment.
At the workplace, business casual (slacks, understated collared shirts without a tie, and non-athletic shoes) is now the default at many companies. More traditional industries (e.g. finance, legal, and insurance) still require suits and ties. Other industries (e.g. computer software) are even more casual, allowing jeans and even shorts for everyday wear; as a business visitor, a safe choice would be business casual, or jeans and a collared shirt.
When dressing up for nice restaurants or upscale entertainment, a pair of nice slacks, a collared shirt, and dress shoes will work almost everywhere. Ties for men are rarely necessary, but jackets are occasionally required for very upscale restaurants in big cities (such restaurants will almost always have jackets to lend).
At the beach or pool, men prefer loose bathing trunks or boardshorts, and women wear bikinis or one-piece swimsuits. Nude bathing is not generally acceptable and is usually illegal except at certain private beaches or resorts; even women going topless is not usually accepted by most people, and is also illegal in some states.
Breastfeeding in public can be a touchy subject. While most mothers in the U.S. do breastfeed at home for at least a little while, a woman doing so in public, whether covered or not, can elicit complaints about indecent exposure, often from other mothers. All states/territories except Idaho and Puerto Rico have laws explicitly allowing women to breastfeed in public, and 29 states plus D.C. and the Virgin Islands also exempt breastfeeding from prosecution for public indecency or indecent exposure; some businesses have also changed their policies in the last few years to allow and protect breastfeeding mothers. However, public attitudes vary, and a mother breastfeeding in public, particularly uncovered, may receive some unwanted stares and in rare cases negative comments.
Ulanmoq
By phone
Domestic calls
The country code for the U.S. is 1. The long-distance prefix (trunk code) is also "1", so U.S. telephone numbers are frequently written as an eleven-digit number: "1-nnn-nnn-nnnn". The rest of the telephone number consists of ten digits: a three-digit area code, and a seven-digit number. There can be many area codes in large cities, and only one or two for the entirety of a mostly rural state. The area code does not indicate whether a number is a mobile or a landline. Also, many Americans do not change their numbers when they move, so the area code of their mobile number may not match landlines in the region.
From a mobile phone, a domestic call is simple: always dial ten digits without the "1".
From a fixed line, you can usually dial a local number using ten digits. Nyu-York shahri, Los Anjeles, Chikago va San-Fransisko require eleven digits. Regions with only one area code usually allow seven digits. If a number is written or given without the area code, you can usually dial it like that locally, but dialing ten digits also works. For long-distance and toll-free, always dial eleven digits.
Domestic calls to area codes 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844 and 833 are toll-free. From a fixed line, they must be dialed using the full 11-digit pattern. With few exceptions (such as Canada or, rarely, Mexico) these are not reachable from abroad. (VoIP va Skype foydalanuvchilari AQShda joylashgan shlyuz orqali qo'ng'iroq qilish orqali ushbu cheklovni chetlab o'tishlari mumkin.)
Xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlar
AQShdan chet elga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun xalqaro kirish kodi bu 011. Uyali telefonda "" ham ishlaydi.
Kanada, AQSh hududlari, Bermud orollari va Karib dengizining 17 davlati tarkibiga kiradi Shimoliy Amerika raqamlash rejasi, va ushbu mamlakatlar o'rtasida amalga oshirilgan AQSh qo'ng'iroqlari "011" yoki "" kirish kodlarisiz faqat to'liq 11 xonali raqam yordamida terilgan kabi bir xil mamlakat kodiga ega, ammo deyarli barchasi xalqaro tariflarda olinadi. AQSh va uning hududlari o'rtasidagi qo'ng'iroqlar bir-biriga yaqin 48 ta shtat va shahar ichidagi qo'ng'iroqlardan, hatto AQSh materik va Kanada o'rtasidagi qo'ng'iroqlardan (odatda ichki qo'ng'iroqlardan yuqori narxlarda, ammo boshqa xalqaro qo'ng'iroqlardan past) qo'ng'iroqlarga qaraganda qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin. . Alyaskada va Gavayida tashuvchi va tarif rejasiga qarab, ichki qo'ng'iroqlar uchun ham qo'shimcha haq olinishi mumkin.
Telefonlar va ma'lumotnomalar
To'lov telefonlari topish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin. Ehtimol, do'konlar va restoranlar, savdo markazlarining kirish joylari va avtobus bekatlari yaqinida joylashgan joylar. Ularning aksariyati tanga bilan ishlaydi (chorak, tin va nikel) va banknotalarni qabul qilmaydi. Odatda, dastlabki uch daqiqa uchun narxlar 0,50 dollarni tashkil etadi va har bir qo'shimcha daqiqa uchun 0,25 dollar. Internet orqali to'lov telefonlarining ma'lumotnomasini topish mumkin To'lov telefonlari ma'lumotnomasi. 911 raqamiga (favqulodda vaziyat haqida xabar berish uchun) va bepul hudud kodlariga (800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844 va 833) qo'ng'iroqlar pullik telefonlardan bepul. Bir nechta tijorat bepul raqamlari AQSh telefon telefonlarining kiruvchi qo'ng'iroqlarini bloklaydi.
Telefon kataloglari ko'pincha ikkita kitobga bo'linadi: oq sahifalar telefon raqamlarini alifbo tartibida familiyasi va sariq sahifalar korxonalarni toifalari bo'yicha ro'yxatlang (masalan, "Taxicabs"). Ko'pgina uy telefonlari va barcha uyali telefonlar ro'yxatga olinmagan. Katalog yordami raqamini terish orqali (qo'shimcha narx bo'yicha) olish mumkin 411 (mahalliy raqamlar uchun) yoki 1-[hudud kodi]-555-1212 (boshqa sohalar uchun). Agar 411 ishlamasa, 555-1212 ni sinab ko'ring, [hudud kodi]-555-1212 yoki 1-[hudud kodi]-555-1212. Bepul katalog ma'lumotlari (reklama bilan) mavjud: 1-800-FREE-411 (1-800-3733-411) raqamini tering yoki ko'rib chiqing free411.com yoki 411.info. Mintaqaviy telefon kompaniyalari veb-saytlari (ko'pincha AT&T, Verizon yoki CenturyLink) ham ma'lumotnomalarni taqdim etadi. Sizni qiziqtirgan mintaqada ishlaydigan kompaniya veb-saytidan foydalanish eng yaxshi natijalarni beradi.
Shaharlararo telefon qo'ng'iroq kartalari aksariyat do'konlarda mavjud. Ular odatda qo'ng'iroqning ma'lum turlariga (masalan, mamlakat ichkarisiga yoki ma'lum mamlakatlarga) yo'naltirilgan. Kreditni ko'pincha kredit yoki debet karta yordamida telefon orqali to'ldirish mumkin, ammo chet el bank kartalari rad etilishi mumkin. Kartochkalarga bosilgan bepul raqamlar orqali taksofonlardan karta orqali qo'ng'iroqlar qimmatroq bo'lishi mumkin. Shuningdek, ulanish uchun ham, daqiqada ham samarali to'lovlar bo'lishi mumkin; ba'zi kartalarda, shuningdek, ularning qiymatini pasaytiradigan haftalik yoki oylik yashirin to'lovlar mavjud.
Mobil telefonlar
AQShdagi uchta eng yirik mobil telefon tarmoqlari AT & T, Verizon Wirelessva T-Mobile. Bularning barchasi mamlakatning deyarli barcha shahar / shahar atrofi va ko'plab qishloq joylarini yaxshi qamrab oladi, garchi har bir tarmoq kuchli va zaif joylarga ega.
Uyali telefonga qo'ng'iroq qilish uchun qo'shimcha to'lov olinmaydi (mobil telefonlarga qo'ng'iroqlar shahar telefonlariga qo'ng'iroq qilish bilan bir xil narxlanadi) va uyali telefonlar mahalliy shaharlararo qo'ng'iroq paytida qo'shimcha to'lovlarni to'lamaydilar. Buning o'rniga, barcha ishlatilgan, chiquvchi va kiruvchi uchun mobil telefonlarning o'zi haq olinadi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, mobil telefonga qo'ng'iroq qilish bir xil xarajatlarni keltirib chiqaradi mobil telefonga, lekin mahalliy, mahalliy shaharlararo yoki bepul bo'ladimi farqi yo'q. Oyiga $ 25 dan olingan kredit to'plamlari sizga yuz daqiqali qo'ng'iroqlarni amalga oshirishga imkon beradi. Muvaffaqiyatsiz qo'ng'iroq (yoki "o'tkazib yuborilgan qo'ng'iroq") uchun to'lov olinadi, chunki siz qo'ng'iroq qilgan paytdan boshlab hisob-kitob qilinadi.
Agar siz sayohat paytida AQShda mobil telefonga ega bo'lishni istasangiz, sizda bir nechta variant mavjud:
- Uydan telefoningizdan foydalanish mos keladigan bo'lsa mumkin. Shimoliy Amerika va Janubiy Amerikaning g'arbiy yarmi boshqa joylarda ishlatiladigan 900 va 1800 MGts o'rniga 850 va 1900 MGts chastotalaridan foydalanadi. Agar sizda o'sha mintaqadan telefon bo'lsa yoki shu telefon bo'lsa uch yoki to'rtburchaklar (ko'plab zamonaviy telefonlarni o'z ichiga oladi), siz yaxshi bo'lishingiz kerak; aks holda, ushbu parametr siz uchun ishlamaydi. Barcha operatorlar xalqaro miqyosda ishlatiladigan bir xil 4G LTE standartidan foydalanadilar. Shu bilan birga, 3G telefonlari uchun, shuningdek, sizning telefoningiz GSM / UMTS (AT&T va T-Mobile tomonidan ishlatiladi; Evropada keng tarqalgan) yoki CDMA (Verizon va sobiq operator Sprint tomonidan ishlatilgan, hozirda uning sho'ba korxonasi) ekanligiga e'tibor berishingiz kerak. T-Mobile). Faqatgina 2G GSM xizmati bekor qilinmoqda va 2020 yildan keyin ishlamaydi.
- Rouming xizmati (AQSh telefon tarmog'i orqali qo'ng'iroq qilish orqali uy telefoningiz raqamidan foydalanish) juda qimmat va bu sizning uy provayderingiz bilan shartnomalar tuzgan tarmoqlarga, shuningdek o'zingizning provayderingiz to'lovlariga bog'liq. Internet ma'lumotlar rejalari AQShda hamma joyda tarqalgan, ammo rouming to'lovlari qo'shilgandan so'ng odatda yuqori narxlar haddan tashqari ko'tariladi.
- Kanadalik mobil telefonlar daqiqada $ 1.50 yoki undan yuqori bo'lgan roumingda yurishlari mumkin, ammo rejalar turlicha; oldindan to'lanadigan naqd pulli foydalanuvchilar umuman sayohat qilmasligi mumkin. Freedom Mobile yaxshi to'plamni taklif qiladi.
SIM-kartani sotib olish shaxsiy telefondan foydalanishning eng yaxshi usuli; SIM-kartani telefoningizga o'rnatib, siz AQSh-ning mahalliy telefon raqamini oldindan to'lashingiz shartnoma, yuzlab daqiqali qo'ng'iroqlar va katta miqdordagi ma'lumotlarga ega bo'lasiz. Narxlar uzoq vaqt qolish uchun uni tejashga imkon beradi, ammo arzon qo'ng'iroqlar va ma'lumotlarning qulayligi bu har qanday mehmon uchun jozibali imkoniyatni yaratadi.
Sim-kartalarni aksariyat elektron do'konlarda, shuningdek Wal-Mart va Target kabi ba'zi "katta qutilar" chakana savdo do'konlarida sotib olish mumkin. Telefoningiz SIM-blokirovka qilinmaganligiga va SIM-kartaga va tarmoq chastotalariga mos kelishiga ishonch hosil qiling. Shartlarni diqqat bilan o'qing, chunki ba'zi rejalar bir martalik oldindan to'lanadigan rejalar o'rniga oylik shartnomalar hisoblanadi.
Oldindan to'langan SIM-kartalarni sotadigan provayderlar orasida AT & T-ning GoPhone, Kriket (AT&T-ga tegishli), Straight Talk o'z telefoningizni olib keling va T-Mobile.
- Rouming xizmati (AQSh telefon tarmog'i orqali qo'ng'iroq qilish orqali uy telefoningiz raqamidan foydalanish) juda qimmat va bu sizning uy provayderingiz bilan shartnomalar tuzgan tarmoqlarga, shuningdek o'zingizning provayderingiz to'lovlariga bog'liq. Internet ma'lumotlar rejalari AQShda hamma joyda tarqalgan, ammo rouming to'lovlari qo'shilgandan so'ng odatda yuqori narxlar haddan tashqari ko'tariladi.
- Oldindan to'lanadigan daqiqalarni va asosiy mobil telefonni sotib olish bu sizning keyingi eng yaxshi variantingiz. Ularni ba'zi oziq-ovqat do'konlarida, aksariyat elektronika, ofis ta'minoti va xizmat ko'rsatish do'konlarida va, albatta, Internetda topish mumkin. Asosiy telefonni (Internetga ulanmasdan) va 60-100 daqiqali vaqtni 50 dollardan past narxga sotib olish mumkin. Bir necha daqiqadan tashqari, ba'zi oldindan to'lanadigan xizmatlar oyiga bir martalik haq to'laydi (masalan, oyiga 20 dollar) yoki telefon amalda ishlatilgan kunlar uchun to'lov (masalan, kuniga 1,25 dollar). Oldindan to'lanadigan, kontraktlarsiz mobil telefon xizmatidan faqat oldindan to'lanadigan provayderlardan foydalanish mumkin, masalan Mobil telefoningizni kuchaytiring, Kriket, To'g'ri suhbat, TracFoneva Virgin Mobile AQSh, shuningdek, yirik tashuvchilarning cheklangan takliflari: AT & T ning GoPhone, T-Mobileva Verizon Prepaid Simsiz.
- Telefonni ijaraga olish kuniga $ 3 dan boshlanadi va katta aeroportlarning aksariyat qismidagi do'konlarda amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Siz qancha vaqt turishingizga va qancha raqamga qo'ng'iroq qilishni yoki undan foydalanishni rejalashtirganingizga qarab, buning o'rniga oldindan to'langan SIM-kartani yoki oldindan to'langan telefondan foydalanish arzonroq yoki osonroq bo'lishi mumkin.
- Telefon shartnomasini olish Agar siz uzoqroq turishni rejalashtirmoqchi bo'lsangiz, mantiqiy bo'lishi mumkin. Agar siz AQShda bir necha oy yashamagan bo'lsangiz, AQSh xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayderlari tomonidan tan olingan kredit reytingiga ega bo'lmaysiz va ushbu rejalarga obuna bo'lmaysiz (garchi ba'zi provayderlar depozit bilan kredit olishga imkon berishadi) , odatda kamida $ 500). Odatda kontraktlar uchun oylik tarif rejasi uchun 24 oylik majburiyat talab qilinadi (bekor qilish to'lovlari 300 dollarni tashkil qilishi mumkin!) Va buning evaziga ular telefon narxini subsidiyalashadi (shuning uchun asosiy telefonlar "bepul", smartfonlar esa faqat 50-200 dollar "turadi"). ).
Pochta orqali
To'g'ri formatlangan manzil bilan pochta manzilini yuborish uning sayohatini tezlashtiradi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati (USPS, shaxsiy yuk tashuvchi UPS bilan aralashmaslik kerak). The pochta indeksi (pochta indeksi) muhim, va siz buni qila olasiz pochta kodlarini va to'g'ri manzil formatlarini qidiring onlayn. 5 xonali pochta indeksi asosiy pochta aloqasini belgilaydi; 4 xonali kengaytma (tavsiya etiladi, lekin ixtiyoriy) buni bitta biznesga yoki yakka tartibdagi binoga qisqartirishi mumkin. Manzillar oluvchining ismi, uy raqami va ko'chaning nomi, kvartira yoki kvartira yoki bino raqami, shahar yoki shaharcha, ikki harfli davlat qisqartmasi, pochta indeksi, masalan: uchdan to'rt qatorgacha yozilishi kerak.
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Birinchi darajadagi xalqaro pochta kartochkalari va xatlari (bir untsiya / 28,5 grammgacha) narxi 1,20 dollarni tashkil etadi. Pochta indeksiga ega bo'lgan barcha joylar, shu jumladan 50 ta shtat, AQSh mulklari, Mikroneziya (FSM), Marshal orollari, Palau va xorijdagi harbiy bazalar, kemalar (APO yoki FPO) va diplomatik postlar (APO yoki DPO). Mahalliy postkartalarning narxi 0,35 AQSh dollar, untsiyaga qadar oddiy harflar esa 0,55 dollar (2019). "Forever" markalari ichki va xalqaro pochta jo'natmalarining birinchi unsiyasi uchun mavjud va kelajakdagi o'sishlardan himoya qiladi. Qalin yoki qattiq narsalarni yoki nostandart shakllarni pochta orqali jo'natish pochta narxini oshiradi.
Postante Restante, shaxsiy manzilga emas, balki pochta bo'limiga pochta xabarlarini qabul qilish deyiladi Umumiy etkazib berish. Ushbu xizmat uchun to'lov olinmaydi. Pochtangizni olish uchun pasport kabi guvohnomani ko'rsatishingiz kerak. Pochta aloqasi bo'limlari odatda 30 kungacha pochta jo'natishadi. Agar shahar bir nechta pochta aloqasi bo'limlari uchun etarlicha katta bo'lsa, faqat bitta (odatda shahar markazida) Umumiy etkazib berishga imkon beradi.
FedEx va UPS shuningdek "Qabul qilishni ushlab turing" opsiyasiga ega va AQShning yirik shaharlarida joylashgan joylarga ega, garchi odatda qimmatroq bo'lsa ham, bu chet eldan muhim narsalarni qabul qilishda yaxshiroq variant bo'lishi mumkin.
Internet orqali
Xususiy Internetga ulanishning hamma joyda mavjudligini hisobga olib, Internet-kafe kamdan-kam yirik shaharlar va sayyohlik hududlaridan tashqarida. Biroq, sizda, ehtimol, eng qishloq joylardan tashqari, ba'zi variantlar mavjud. Biroq, Wi-Fi tarmoqlari keng tarqalgan.
Simsiz
Eng foydali Wi-Fi nuqtalari mavjud qahvaxonalar, tezkor ovqatlanish tarmoqlari va kitob do'konlari, garchi siz avval biror narsa sotib olishingiz kerak bo'lsa. Ba'zi shaharlarda, shuningdek, shahar markazlari bo'ylab bepul Wi-Fi ta'minlanadi.
Bir nechta kamroq aniq Wi-Fi nuqtalarini topish mumkin:
- Ommaviy kutubxonalar - Bepul Wi-Fi deyarli har doim mavjud, garchi siz ma'lumot stolidan tizimga kirishingiz kerak bo'lsa. Hatto tarmoqqa 24/7 kirish imkoni bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun kutubxona yopiq bo'lsa ham, siz tashqarida o'tirib, bemaqsad qilishingiz mumkin.
- Mehmonxonalar - zanjirli mehmonxonalar odatda xonalarda va kommunal joylarda mavjud; kichikroq mustaqil mehmonxonalar turlicha. Yuqori darajadagi mehmonxonalarda ortiqcha narx, ammo ko'pgina iqtisodiy jihatdan cheklangan xizmat ko'rsatish zanjirlarida standart mavjud.
- Kollejlar va universitetlar - kutubxonalarida va talabalar markazlarida talaba bo'lmaganlar uchun ochiq bo'lgan tarmoqlar bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zilariga, hatto ochiq havoda ham, talabalar shaharchasi bo'ylab kirish imkoni mavjud.
- Aeroportlar - hatto kichikroq mintaqaviy ham Wi-Fi-ni taklif qiladi. Ular ko'pincha pulga ega bo'lishadi. Odatda aeroport zallari cheksiz bepul Wi-Fi bilan ta'minlaydi.
- Pulli Wi-Fi tarmoqlari - kichik zaryad olish uchun sizga ko'p sonli ulanish nuqtalariga kirish huquqini bering, masalan. Boingo.
Mobil keng polosali aloqa USB-modem orqali ham imkoniyat mavjud. Xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayderlarga Verizon Wireless va Virgin Mobile (Sprint tarmog'idan foydalanadigan) kiradi. Sotib olishdan oldin qamrov xaritasini tekshirganingizga ishonch hosil qiling, har bir kompaniyada yomon yoki umuman qamrab olinmagan katta maydonlar mavjud. Shuningdek, ushbu rejalar ma'lumotlar chegaralariga bo'ysunadi va ularni bilmagan holda bajarish oson! Mobil tarmoq orqali video tomosha qilishdan saqlaning.
Shaxsiy kompyuter terminallari
Internet-kafelar hali ham ba'zi yirik shaharlarda topish mumkin. Aeroportlar va savdo markazlari tezkor foydalanish uchun Internetga kirish terminallarini taklif qilishadi, garchi ular umuman yo'q bo'lib ketsa. Kirish odatda veb-vaqti uchun 1-2 daqiqa uchun 1 dollar turadi. Har qanday umumiy kompyuter, ehtimol, istalmagan veb-saytlarga kirishni to'sib qo'yishi mumkin.
Siz quyidagilarni ko'rib chiqishingiz mumkin:
- Ommaviy kutubxonalar - ommaviy foydalanish uchun keng polosali kompyuterlarga ega bo'ling, ammo kutubxona kartasi kerak bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zi kutubxonalar hududdan tashqarida joylashgan mehmonlar uchun kitobni berish imtiyozlari bo'lmagan bepul Internet-kartalarni tarqatadilar.
- Fotokopi do'konlari - umumiy foydalanish uchun mavjud bo'lgan kompyuterlarga ega bo'ladi (narx bo'yicha), masalan. FedEx idorasi (☏ 1-800-GOFEDEX (4633339); ovozli menyu tomonidan so'ralganda, "FedEx Office" deb ayting yoki "64" tugmasini bosing) 24 soat ochiq va butun mamlakat bo'ylab ishlaydi. Ba'zilar, shuningdek, tijorat pochta xabarlarini qabul qilish agentlari (masalan, UPS do'koni) va faks xizmatini taklif qilishadi.
- Mehmonxonalar - eng spartanlardan tashqari hamma kompyuterlar, printerlar, ba'zida fotokopi va faks mashinalari bilan jihozlangan "biznes markazlariga" ega.
- Elektron do'konlari - namoyish etilayotgan kompyuterlar ko'pincha Internetga ulangan. Tezkor elektron pochta xabariga tabassum bilan yo'l qo'yiladi; olti soatlik Warcraft bo'lmaydi. Apple Store do'koni ayniqsa saxiy va xarid qilish niyatisiz ko'rib chiqishga imkon beradi; ammo, Facebook kabi ba'zi veb-saytlar bloklangan.
- Universitet kutubxonalari - xususiy universitetlar o'z talabalari va o'qituvchilariga kirishni cheklashlari mumkin bo'lsa, davlat universitetlari kutubxonalari odatda qonunchilikda jamoatchilik uchun ochiq bo'lishi shart va ular jamoat foydalanishi uchun bitta yoki ikkita kompyuterga ega bo'lishlari mumkin.