Akvalang yordamida suv ostida suzish bu uzoq vaqt davomida suv ostida suzish bilan shug'ullanadigan mashg'ulotdir suv osti nafas olish apparati, shuning uchun qisqartirish akvarium. Bu dam olish uchun shunchalik mashhur bo'lib ketdiki, aksariyat sharoitlarda oddiy "sho'ng'in" atamasi akvarium-sho'ng'in bilan sinonim bo'lib, shu va shu bilan bog'liq sahifalarda shunday ishlatilgan.
Tushuning
Nafasingizni ushlab turish va suv ostida cho'ktirish insoniyat kabi qadimgi faoliyatdir va bizni boshqa maymunlardan ajratib turadigan birinchi evolyutsion rivojlanish bo'lishi mumkin. Miloddan avvalgi IV asrga kelib sho'ng'in qo'ng'iroqlari ishlatilgan, milodning XVI asrida ular qayta tiklanadigan havo ta'minoti bilan ta'minlanib, suv sathidan tushirilgan va 18-19 asrlarda qo'ng'iroqlar klassik "chuqur dengiz sho'ng'in" qiyofasiga aylantirildi. bulbous dubulg'a, katta etiklar va ilon etkazib beradigan shlang. 20-asr dengiz muhandisligi va urushlari uchun, shuningdek yong'inga qarshi va konlarni qutqarish kabi quruq erlarda ishlatiladigan avtoulovlarni (ya'ni akvarium) ishlab chiqardi. Mexanik yutuqlar bilan bir qatorda sho'ng'in tanaga qanday ta'sir qilgani va uning zarari qanday kamaytirilishi mumkinligi to'g'risida ilmiy tushunchalar yanada yaxshilandi. Ushbu mexanik, sanoat va ilmiy yutuqlar bugungi kunda ham davom etmoqda va insoniyatning kosmik parvoziga yo'l ochdi, ammo 20-asrning oxirida suv osti sho'ng'inlari rekreatsion faoliyatga aylandi. Jak Kusto va Xans Xass singari kashshoflar va kashfiyotchilarning o'rnida ommaviy bozor, shunchaki ko'ngil ochish uchun to'plam, o'quv mashg'ulotlari va sho'ng'in bilan bog'liq bo'lgan kurortlar va sayohatlar izlandi. Endi butun xalqlar o'z hayotlari uchun sho'ng'in sayyohlarga bog'liq.
Nima uchun bezovta qilasiz? - ko'rinish, faoliyat, sayohat uchun bahona va - buni inkor qilmaylik - tekky chaqiruvi. The ko'rinish tom ma'noda immersiv tajriba. Siz quruqlikdagi hech narsa kabi erni va yovvoyi hayotni ko'rasiz. Baliqlar yovvoyi quruqlikdagi hayvonlarga qaraganda ancha yaqinlashishga imkon beradi va mercan hayoti ekzotikdir. Bu g'ayrioddiy, xayolparast bokira o'rmoni, hali rivojlanmagan va qurolsiz, balki katta magistralning hovlisida, bu erda gullar va fernlarga o'xshash narsalarning aksariyati aslida g'alati hayvonlardir. Ularning eng yaxshisi odatda nisbatan sayoz, u erda quyosh nuri va rangi bor. Cho'kib ketgani va keyinchalik dengiz harakati natijasida qoraygan tarixlari bilan yirtilib, haykaltarilgan vayronalar chuqurroq. The faoliyat siz kunni suvda, ko'pincha ajoyib sirt manzaralarida o'tkazasiz, shu bilan birga suvga kirish va tushish, keyin suvdan chiqish va portga qaytish bilan shug'ullanasiz. Bu juda kamdan-kam hollarda aerobik jihatdan qiyin, ammo sizni erta tongga tayyor qiladi va agar sho'ng'in ruhiy farovonligingizni va hayotga bo'lgan qarashingizni yaxshilamasa, ehtimol sizning mobil telefoningiz yoki ishingiz siznikiga o'xshash chuqurlikka ega bo'lishi kerak. Sayohat bu uning asosiy qismidir, chunki bir nechtamiz yaxshi sho'ng'in joyi yonida yashaymiz - ba'zi yo'nalishlar va fikrlar quyida tasvirlangan. Va u erda qiyinchilik oddiy texnik ko'ngil ochish sho'ng'inida ham, "texnik sho'ng'in" deb hisoblanadigan joylardan uzoqda, chunki siz astronavtlar o'rganishi kerak bo'lgan ishlarni qilyapsiz. Sizning to'plamingizni sozlash va tekshirish, havo talablarini hisoblash, chuqurlik va vaqt cheklovlari, sirt va pastda navigatsiya va "nima bo'lsa?" stsenariylar. Siz sho'ng'in qayig'idagi g'avvoslar guruhi va ekipaj a'zolaridan boshlab, o'zga sayyoraliklarning hayotiy shakllari bilan aloqada bo'lishga tayyorlanmoqdasiz. Bu aqliy, jismoniy va madaniy ish.
O'rganing
Bu siz uchunmi? Sizga kuchli suzuvchi yoki o'ta yaroqli bo'lish shart emas, lekin suvda o'zingizni qulay his qilishingiz kerak. Sho'ng'in vaqti-vaqti bilan sizning yuzingizga dengiz suvi bilan uriladi, bu sizning ko'zingizga, og'zingizga va siz olib kelgan har qanday qimmat "suv o'tkazmaydigan" soat yoki kameraga tushadi. Agar siz qichqirsangiz va davom ettira olsangiz, yaxshi! agar istiqbol sizni vahimaga solsa, siz shisha tagidagi qayiqda qolasiz. Agar sizda diabet kabi uzoq muddatli tibbiy holatlar mavjud bo'lsa, ularni juda yaxshi nazorat qilish kerak. Tibbiy so'rovnomani o'quv agentliklari veb-saytlarida tekshiring (quyida keltirilgan). Aksariyat odamlar yaxshi bo'ladi, sarg'ish yoki qizil chiroqlar yo'q; bir nechtasi shaxsiy tibbiy baholash, maslahat va shifokorning ro'yxatdan o'tishiga muhtoj bo'lishi mumkin; va ba'zi odamlar sho'ng'maslik kerakligini qabul qilishlari kerak.
Snorkelni o'rganing va o'zingizning niqob va suyaklarni sotib oling. Bu zaruriy oldindan emas, balki sizga yaxshi boshlanishni beradi. Boshqa snorkelchilardan tezda o'rganadigan ko'nikmalar - niqobingizni suv va tumandan tozalash, qulog'ingizga tushishda bosimni tenglashtirish va velosipedda harakatlanayotgan ayiqqa o'xshamasdan, chiroyli va tejamkorlik bilan fin qilish. Snorkelling sizni yanada yaxshi tanish qiladi dengiz hayoti - aksariyati yorug'lik eng yaxshi bo'lgan sayoz joylarda - va dam olish uchun qulay variantni yarating. Niqob yaxshi mos bo'lishi kerak, agar sizga soatni o'qish uchun retsept bo'yicha ko'zoynak kerak bo'lsa, u holda maskangizga retsept bo'yicha linzalarni oling. Finslar - ochiq havzali suv havzalari emas, balki bolalar havzasi qanotlari - ishlash haqida bombali reklama uchun emas, balki qulaylik uchun tanlangan bo'lishi kerak. Ushbu bosqichda siz niqob va finlarni sotib olishingiz kerak, ular arzon va engil, va o'zingizning narsalaringiz ijara to'plamidan ko'ra sizga ko'proq mos keladi.
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O'quv kursiga boring vakolatli, taniqli o'quv agentligi bilan. Bu juda muhim: jiddiy zararni oldini olish uchun siz ba'zi bir asosiy ko'nikmalarni va suv osti muhitining tanangizga nima qilishini tushunishingiz kerak. (Ba'zi yo'llar bilan siz sayoz joylarda katta xavfga duch kelasiz, chunki mashg'ulotlar sizni qadrlashga yordam beradi; hamma narsa chuqurlikdagi "egilishlar" bilan bog'liq emas.) Umumiy dastlabki qadam "sinab ko'ring", keyin kurs uchun 3-5 kun ajrating, yaxshisi yoqimli iliq kurortda. Kurs sinfda o'qitish, kitob yoki elektron ta'lim, "quruq" ko'nikmalarni o'z ichiga oladi, masalan, to'plamlarni yig'ish, hovuzga sho'ng'ish va keyin bir necha himoyalangan dengiz sho'ng'inlari. Natijada, dunyo bo'ylab tanilgan yangi boshlang'ich malakaga ega bo'lish kerak - hech qanday mayda-chuydali mahalliy diplomni faqat uni chiqaruvchi tan olishi hech qanday ma'noga ega emas - va jurnallar kitobi (ular hali ham qog'ozda). Keyin siz "ochiq suvda" sho'ng'in qilish qobiliyatiga egasiz (ya'ni nafaqat basseynda), lekin u instruktor maqomidagi sho'ng'in do'sti bilan birga bo'lsa. Agar siz kursdan faqat bir qism o'tishingiz mumkin bo'lsa, unchalik katta muammo bo'lmaydi: ular "yo'llanma" yozuvini berishadi, shu bilan siz o'sha o'quv agentligiga qarashli har qanday sho'ng'in maktabida to'xtagan joyingizni olishingiz mumkin.
Qurmoq sizning tajribangiz, ko'nikmalaringiz va to'plamingiz. Imkoniyatingiz boricha, ammo keyingi muhim qadam - bu turli xil "qutqarish", "ilg'or" yoki "sport" deb nomlangan g'avvosga yo'nalish. Demak, agar siz qiyinchiliklarga duch kelsangiz, sho'ng'in do'stingizni qutqarish qobiliyatiga egasiz. Shunday qilib, siz o'zingizning darajangizda do'stingiz bilan juftlik qilishingiz mumkin, va aksariyat dam olish maskanlari sho'ng'in sayohatlari endi sizning doirangizda bo'ladi, lekin ehtiyotkorlik bilan adashasiz. Siz olishingiz mumkin bo'lgan ko'plab qo'shimcha malakalar mavjud, masalan. dengiz hayotini identifikatsiyalash, ammo bunday kurslarning juda ko'p miqdordagi savdo-sotiqlari mavjud. Eng muhim malaka - bu sizning daftaringizga yopishtirilgan narsa emas, balki sizning quloqlaringiz o'rtasida to'plangan donolikdir. Eng muhimi, xavfsizligingizda sho'ng'ishdan zavqlaning. Sho'ng'inishingiz mumkin bo'lgan usulni hisobga olgan holda, qanday turdagi to'plamni sotib olish mumkinligi haqida so'rang: vaqti-vaqti bilan kurortga sho'ng'ish uchun ijaraga berish yaxshi. Agar siz sotib olishni niyat qilsangiz, erta sotib olish - bu barchasini qo'yish va nam narsalarni quruqdan saqlash uchun katta sho'ng'in sumkasi. Sotib olishning navbatdagi tsikli - bu BCD ("suzishni boshqaruvchi ko'ylagi"), regulyator nafas olishi va isinish uchun suv kostyumi; ehtimol sho'ng'in qo'lqoplari kabi bir nechta aksessuarlar. Sho'ng'in sayohati uchun kerak bo'lgan narsa shu; ular arzon emas, lekin ko'p yillar davom etishi va ijara narxini pasaytirishi kerak. Havo tanki va og'irliklarini faqat o'zingiz yashaydigan joyda sho'ng'iydigan bo'lsangiz, sotib oling, chunki ular havo orqali qatnay olmaydi.
Chuqurroq boring ilg'or va texnik sho'ng'in. Ikkinchisini taxminan "20 yil oldin iloji bor narsa, bugungi kunda juda keng tarqalgan va yana 10 yil ichida asosiy mashg'ulotlarga qo'shib qo'yiladigan har qanday narsa" deb ta'riflash mumkin. Ba'zi xiyobonlar:
- Quruq kostyumlar: sovuq suvga sho'ng'ish uchun zarur. O'zingizni sotib olishingiz kerak, chunki ular mos bo'lishi kerak aynan shunday, aks holda bo'yin muhri sizni bezovta qiladi yoki muzlatilgan suv gutlariga yo'l qo'yadi. Ulardan foydalanish uchun sizga mashg'ulotlar va nazorat ostida bir nechta oddiy sinovlar kerak.
- Suv osti kameralari: Siz o'qimaguningizcha eng yaxshi muddat qoldiriladi, chunki ular sizning vazifangizni yuklashi va boshqa muhim xavfsizlik omillaridan chalg'itishi, siz hali ham avtomatik ravishda bajarolmaysiz. Aytish joizki, fotosuratchiga malakali fotograf bo'lishni o'rgatishdan ko'ra, unga malakali sho'ng'inchi bo'lishni o'rgatish ancha osonroq.
- Aralash gaz: siz ishonadigan va akvatoriya tanklaridan nafas oladigan ushbu samimiy havo sizni chuqurroq zaharlaydi yoki ko'tarilish yo'lida sizga dekompressiya kasalligini keltirib chiqaradi. Boshqa gaz aralashmalari bu xavfni kamaytiradi, masalan, havodagi 21% ga qaraganda kislorodning yuqori foiziga ega bo'lgan Nitrox.
- Qayta nafas oluvchilar: odatdagi "ochiq elektronli" akvatoriyada siz nafas olayotganingizda hanuzgacha kislorod bor, lekin shunchaki pufakchalar yuzaga chiqadi. Qayta nafas oluvchilar buning o'rniga ekshalatsiyani ushlab, karbonat angidrid gazini tozalang va kislorod va azotni qayta ishlang. Shunday qilib, ular sho'ng'in vaqtlarini ancha uzaytiradilar, ammo ular qimmatga tushadi va ehtiyotkorlik bilan foydalanilganda ham o'z foydalanuvchilarini o'ldirishi mumkin.
- Dushmanli muhit: 40 m / 130 fut dan chuqurroq bo'lgan har qanday narsa standart dam olishdan tashqarida. Sayoz bo'lsa ham dushman bo'lgan muhit muzli suvlar, g'orlar va vayronalar ichki qismidir. Halokatga uchragan kema tashqarisidan sayohat qilish oson, ichkariga kirish ham - lekin yana chiqishmi? Viz siz loyni tashlaganingiz uchun ketganida, sizning havo ta'minotingiz va mash'alangiz ishlamay qolmoqda va sizni olib kelgan odam bilan aloqani uzdingizmi?
- Yo'riqnoma va martaba: o'z mahoratingizni oshirishning ajoyib usuli, ularni boshqalarga o'rgatishdir. Ammo instruktor yoki sho'ng'in ustasi bo'lish vaqt va pulning asosiy majburiyatidir, bu sizning sevimli mashg'ulotingiz bilan shug'ullanishning qulay usuli emas. Mehnat bozori mohir va sadoqatli, ammo shunchaki maslahatlar uchun ishlaydigan va yon ishlarni olib boradigan wannabe o'qituvchilari bilan to'lib toshgan. Ular o'z savdo-sotiqlarini kundan-kunga o'tkazishlari kerak, va sho'ng'in kulgili tuyulganini eslashda qiynalishlari mumkin. Ular zaif ahvolda bo'lishi mumkin, mehnat qonunchiligi sust va himoyasi bo'lmagan mamlakatda "kitobdan tashqari" ishlaydi, ammo agar biror narsa noto'g'ri bo'lsa, darhol chet el gunohkor echkisi. Sanoat sho'ng'inlariga kelsak, bu hech qachon qiziqarli bo'lmagan, shunchaki qorong'i joyda sovuq payvand qilish va ROV va robot qobiliyatlari rivojlanib borishi bilan martaba imkoniyatlari kamayib bormoqda.
Belgilangan joylar
Ushbu sayyoramizning uchdan ikki qismi suv bilan qoplangan; Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining 193 suveren a'zo davlatlari mavjud va ko'pchilik (hattoki dengizga chiqmagan) ham biron bir tarzda sho'ng'in qilish imkoniyatiga ega. Ko'p sonli bog'liqliklar, hududlar va sho'ng'in istiqbollari bo'lgan yashamaydigan orollar mavjud. Quyida sanab o'tilgan yagona xalqlar - bu sho'ng'in uchun tashrif buyurishingiz mumkin bo'lgan davlatlar, chunki ularda sayohat qilish uchun sayohat qilish kerak bo'lgan sho'ng'in joylari va umumiy sayohat uchun va dam olish uchun sho'ng'in uchun etarli infratuzilma mavjud. Buyuk chegaralarning g'avvoslari (Antarktida kabi) ushbu saytlarni maqtashadi, ammo ekspeditsiya sho'ng'inlari ushbu sahifaning doirasidan tashqarida. Har bir mamlakat uchun bu erda faqat asosiy xususiyatlar (masalan, mavsumiylik) va ajralib turadigan saytlar keltirilgan. Qo'shimcha ma'lumotni mamlakatga yoki mintaqaga xos sho'ng'in uchun mo'ljallangan sahifalar va sho'ng'in joylari pastki sahifalarida, shuningdek mintaqalar va yo'nalishlar uchun "Do" ro'yxatida topish mumkin. Qanday qilib u erga borishni, qaerda qolish va ovqatlanishni va u erda ko'rish va qilish uchun boshqa narsalarni aniqlaydigan asosiy joy mamlakat va shaharning sahifalari.
Sizning asosiy qaroringiz (byudjet va vaqt kelishidan oldin) sayohat sho'ng'inga qaratilgan bo'ladimi yoki har tomonlama ta'tilning bir nechta tadbirlaridan biri bo'ladimi. Boshlang'ich e'tiborini qaratishi kerak: ob-havo sharoitida bir kun yo'qolishi mumkinligini va sho'ng'indan keyin 24 soat ichida parvoz qilmaslikni maslahat berishni yodda tutib, o'quv kursini o'tash uchun bitta kurortda bir hafta vaqt ajratishingiz kerak. Agar siz sho'ng'in qilmaydigan sherik bilan sayohat qilsangiz, ularning qulayligi va ko'ngil ochishi dam olish maskanini tanlashga ta'sir qiladi. Tajribali g'avvos qadimiy va boshqa diqqatga sazovor joylarni tomosha qilish orasida bir kunga yaqin vaqtni (va Medda, ochig'i, bu juda ko'p) qoniqtirishi mumkin. Agar shunday bo'lsa, u yuk to'plamini bezovta qilmaydi, balki sho'ng'in markazidan ijaraga oladi. Yoki cho'ntakni cho'zish muhimroq bo'lsa, kunlik qayiqlardan tashqarida saytlar atrofida bir necha kun suzib yuradigan jonli qayiqni ko'rib chiqing.
Afrika
Afrikaning qirg'oq suvlari iliq tropik Qizil dengizdan janubiy Afrikaning salqin mo''tadil g'arbiy qirg'og'igacha bo'lgan uzun qirg'oq chizig'iga ega. Afrikaning sharqiy sohillari g'arbiy yoki O'rta er dengizi sohillariga qaraganda sho'ng'inni yaxshi rivojlantirgan, yo'nalishlar Misrdan Janubiy Afrikagacha, qaerga kirish va siyosiy barqarorlik imkon beradigan joyda tarqalgan.
Infratuzilma juda katta farq qiladi va doimo o'zgarib turadi - har doim ham yaxshi tomonga emas. Masalan, Misr va Janubiy Afrikada Nitroks bor, boshqalarida tibbiy kislorod ham bo'lmasligi mumkin. Shoshilinch tibbiy yordam muassasalari dunyo darajasida mavjud emasligi bilan farq qiladi. Biron bir aniq manzilda biror narsa mavjud deb o'ylamang. Sertifikatlangan operatorlar va agentlar orqali yozma tasdiqlash yoki kitobni so'rang va oling.
(Uchun Kanareykalar orollari Evropani ko'ring, chunki ular Ispaniyaning bir qismi bo'lsa-da, Marokash yaqinidagi Atlantika okeanida joylashgan.)
Jibuti
Jibuti Qizil dengiz va Hind okeanining aralashishi natijasida dengiz hayoti mo'l-ko'l bo'lishiga olib keladigan noyob ekotizimga ega. Sentyabr va yanvar oylari o'rtasida Jibuti kitlarni ko'chiruvchi akulalarning dam oladigan uyidir. Ko'plab kit akulalarini, shu jumladan voyaga etmaganlarni ko'rish odatiy holdir, ular tashrif buyurganlarida qirg'oqqa yaqin turishadi.
Birodarlarning etti orollari - Jibuti suvlarining diqqatga sazovor joylari. Ushbu hayratomuz rif tizimi shaytonlar qozonidan shimolda joylashgan bo'lib, ulkan hududni qamrab oluvchi etti oroldan iborat. Devorlarni gilam bilan qoplagan ajoyib yumshoq marjonlarni, maktab baliqlari va katta pelagiklar bilan yodgorliklarni kutish mumkin.
Misr
- Asosiy mavzu: Misrda sho'ng'in
Misr Afrika qirg'og'ida (eng katta kurort bo'lgan) Qizil dengizda yaxshi sho'ng'iydi Xurgada) va Sinay yarim orolida (asosan at Sharm-ash-Shayx, ortiqcha kichikroq Dahab). Bu yil bo'yi boradigan joy, ammo qishda evropaliklar orasida ayniqsa mashhur; yozda cho'lning jaziramasi shiddatli. Sho'ng'in boshlang'ichlardan tortib tekkiga qadar barcha qobiliyatlarga mos keladi. Sho'ng'in qayiqda, chunki riflar qirg'oqqa sho'ng'ish uchun juda uzoqdir. Asosiy dam olish maskanlari, shuningdek, kun bo'yi qayiq chegaralaridan tashqarida ko'plab vayronalar va riflarga etib borish uchun jonli sayohatlar uchun sayohatlardir. Misrdagi yashash joylari hatto suzib yurishadi Sudanva bu mamlakatda sho'ng'in qilishning asosiy usuli, ammo Sudan vizasi hali ham zarur. Misrning O'rta er dengizi sohillariga sho'ng'ish ham mumkin Iskandariya, lekin sharoitlar qiyinroq va ko'rish uchun kamroq narsa bor. Arzon ichki reyslar va shaharlararo taksilar Misrdagi sho'ng'inni Qohira, Luksor va boshqa joylarning qadimiylarini ko'rish bilan osonlikcha birlashtirishni anglatadi.
Keniya
Keniya qirg'og'i qirg'oq marjon rifini himoya qiladigan beshta dengiz parkiga ega. Dengizning o'rtacha harorati avgustda 25 ° C dan martda 30 ° C gacha, aprel va may oylari esa eng nam oylar hisoblanadi. Dengiz oktyabrdan martgacha eng sokin, kitlar akula va manta nurlari noyabr va fevral oylari orasida tashrif buyuradi, humbback kitlar esa iyuldan oktyabrgacha ko'rish mumkin.
Madagaskar
MadagaskarEng ishonchli sho'ng'in shimoliy orollardan tashqarida Nosy Be va Nosy Tankiley. G'arbiy qirg'oq bo'ylab janubda mumkin, masalan. da Toliara, ammo noyabr-aprel oylarining issiq yomg'irli mavsumida daryolardagi loyqa suv toshqini vizani buzadi.
Malavi
Malavi dengizga chiqish imkoniyati bo'lmagan mamlakat, ammo Malavi ko'lida uzoq qirg'oq chizig'iga ega, toza suvga sho'ng'iydi.
Mavrikiy
Mavrikiy butunlay marjon to'siqli rifi bilan o'ralgan va o'ziga xos to'q sariq rangga ega bo'lgan ko'plab shimgichlar, dengiz anemonlari va Damselfish, Trompetfish, Boxfish, Clownfish va Mavritaniya chayon baliqlari kabi turli xil rangli tropik rif baliqlariga ega. Sho'ng'in joylarining aksariyati g'arbiy sohilda Flic-en-Flac atrofida, shimolda, Trouux Biches yoki Shimoliy orollarda joylashgan. Marjon riflaridan tashqari, 18-19 asrlarga oid kema qoldiqlari va yaqinda cho'kib ketgan, chiroyli sun'iy riflarni yaratadigan kemalar mavjud. Sho'ng'in uchun eng yaxshi vaqt - ko'rish juda yaxshi bo'lgan noyabrdan aprelgacha.
Mozambik
- Asosiy mavzu: Mozambikda sho'ng'in
Mozambik Afrikaning janubi-sharqiy qirg'og'ida joylashgan. Tropik iqlimga ega, oktyabrdan martgacha nam mavsumga va apreldan sentyabrgacha quruq mavsumga ega. Yomg'ir qirg'oq bo'ylab kuchli bo'lib, shimol va janubda kamayadi. Nam mavsumda tsiklonlar keng tarqalgan. Suv harorati tropik bo'lib, yozda 29˚S dan qishda 22˚C gacha o'zgarib turadi va kamdan-kam 24˚S dan past bo'ladi va ko'rish 8 dan 40 m gacha bo'lishi mumkin. Sho'ng'in yil bo'yi, ammo quruqroq qish qulayroq, chivinlar kamroq. Dengiz ekologiyasi juda xilma-xil tropik Hind-Tinch okeanidir. Bu erda turli xil va rang-barang baliqlar va umurtqasizlar faunasi bilan bir qatorda mercan tomonidan taqdim etilgan boshpana va yashash joylari bilan birgalikda rif qurilish mercanlari va boshqa mercan turlarini topish mumkin. Viloyat, ayniqsa, manta nurlari, rif akulalari, kit akulalari va kamtar kitlarning ko'pligi bilan mashhur.
Seyshel orollari
The Seyshel orollari Madagaskardan shimoli-sharqda, Sharqiy Afrika qirg'og'ida joylashgan Hind okeanida joylashgan, faqat bir nechtasida yashaydigan 115 ta oroldan iborat guruh. Sho'ng'in sho'ng'in mashhur va uni Seyshel orollarining deyarli hamma joylarida qilish mumkin. Nitrox cheklangan miqdordagi savdo shoxobchalarida har bir to'ldirish uchun 8 evro atrofida sotiladi. Diverlarni tayyorlash turli maktablarda mavjud.
Sho'ng'in butun yil davomida mumkin. Sho'ng'in uchun eng yaxshi sharoitlar odatda mart, aprel va may va sentyabr, oktyabr va noyabr oylarida bo'ladi, chunki bu oylar dengizlar tinch bo'lgan paytlardir. Ko'rinish darajasi 30 m dan yuqori bo'lishi mumkin va suvning harorati 29 ° C ga etadi. Yomg'ir, alg gullari va shamollar sho'ng'in sharoitlariga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Seyshel orollariga tropik siklonlar katta ta'sir ko'rsatmaydi.
Saytlar chuqurlikda farq qiladi va asosan o'rtacha chuqurlikda - 8 dan 30 m gacha. Ko'pgina saytlardagi sharoitlar har xil mahorat darajasining sho'ng'inchilariga mos keladi. Ichki orol riflari asosan granit shakllangan bo'lib, yumshoq va qattiq mercanlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Dengizdagi sho'ng'in joylari ko'proq tajribali g'avvoslar uchun mos keladi va kit akulalari va ulkan nayzalar bilan uchrashish imkoniyatini beradi. Shuningdek, halokatga uchragan joylar ham mavjud.
Janubiy Afrika
- Asosiy mavzu: Janubiy Afrikada sho'ng'in
The Janubiy Afrika sho'ng'in uchun qirg'oqni uchta o'ziga xos mintaqaga bo'lish mumkin. Janubiy Afrikaning g'arbiy qirg'og'ida sho'ng'in asosan Keyptaunko'p Keyp yarim orolining va soxta ko'rfazning sho'ng'in joylariIkkita salqin mo''tadil ekoregiyalarda mo''tadil toshli riflar va vayronalarga yil davomida sho'ng'inni ta'minlaydi. Keyinchalik sharqda, Gansbaai asosan oq akula qafasidagi sho'ng'in uchun mashhur.
The janubiy sohil ko'p miqdordagi halokatlarga ega va mo''tadil toshli riflardagi endemik turlarning xilma-xilligi. Ushbu mintaqada sho'ng'in ob-havoga juda bog'liq va ko'rish imkoniyati ko'pincha cheklangan. Yillik sardalya yuguradi janubiy sohil orqali sharqiy sohilga ulkan baytbollar va yirtqichlarning xilma-xilligi va soniga ega. Ushbu mintaqada o'tkaziladigan yana bir yillik tadbir - bu yaqinda joylashgan Chokka yumurtlamasidir Sent-Frensis ko'rfazi.
The sharqiy sohilga sho'ng'in joylari tropik mercan riflari va koelakantlaridan KwaZulu-Natal qirg'og'i bo'ylab tarqalgan. Sodvana ko'rfazi iSimangaliso dengiz qo'riqlanadigan hududida, subtropik toshli riflar va qoldiqlari orqali Durban, akulalari Alival Shoal Protea banklariga Margate.
The ichki sho'ng'in joylari chuqurlikda va g'orlarga sho'ng'in qilish uchun turli xil ishlatiladigan chuqurlikdagi chuqurlikdagi va balandlikdagi tashlab qo'yilgan konlarda toza suvga sho'ng'ishni o'z ichiga oladi.
Sudan
- Asosiy mavzu: Sudanda sho'ng'in
Sudan Port Sudan yaqinidagi Qizil dengizda, qirg'oqdagi kurortlardan yoki to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kemalarda (Misrdan tashrif buyuradigan) yaxshi sho'ng'in bor. Suv harorati fevral / mart oylarida 20 ° C (68 ° F) dan avgust / sentyabrda 28 ° C (82 ° F) gacha o'zgarib turadi. Noyabrdan fevralgacha shamol esib, dengiz dag'al bo'ladi.
Tanzaniya
Sho'ng'in mintaqasi Tanzaniya orollarida joylashgan Zanzibar va Pemba, lekin kamroq ma'lum Mafiya oroli Zanzibar janubida va materik qirg'og'ining ba'zi joylarida yaxshi sho'ng'in joylari mavjud.
Osiyo
Osiyodagi sho'ng'in sho'ng'in joylari asosan Yaqin Sharq va Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda to'plangan, bu erda suv iliq va ko'rinishi yaxshi. Ushbu mintaqalar asosan turli xil tropik Hind-Tinch okeani marjon riflari ekologiyasiga ega va bir qator taniqli cho'kkan sho'ng'in joylari mavjud. Turizm yirik sanoat bo'lgan joyda, akvariumlar uchun qulayliklar mavjud va bu odatda sho'ng'in qilishni o'rganish uchun yoqimli joy va dengiz hayotini ko'rish uchun yaxshi mintaqadir. Tabiatni muhofaza qilishga munosabat o'zgaruvchan bo'lib, ba'zi joylarda riflarga baliq ovlashning barqaror bo'lmagan usullari jiddiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi.
Bruney
- Asosiy mavzu: Bruneyda sho'ng'in
Bruney ajoyib sho'ng'inni taklif qiladi va SE-makroda fotografiya uchun eng yaxshi joylardan biri hisoblanadi. Marjon va baliqlardan tashqari, bir nechta kema halokati va ko'plab nudibranch turlari mavjud. Suv harorati odatda 30 ° C atrofida va ko'rinadigan joy odatda 10-30 metr oralig'ida bo'ladi, ammo bu musson mavsumida kamayishi mumkin. Bruneyda sho'ng'in juda rivojlanmaganligi sababli, joylar va ayniqsa, marjon riflari buzilmagan va toza holatda.
Birma
- Asosiy mavzu: Birmada sho'ng'in
Myanma yoki Birma sayyohlar uchun sekin ochildi va infratuzilmasi kam. Biroq, Tailandning Pxuket shahridagi jonli kartalar Birmaning eng janubidagi Mergui arxipelagiga tashrif buyuradi. Eng yaxshi sho'ng'in shartlari dekabrdan aprelgacha, fevraldan maygacha kit akulalar va manta nurlari tashrif buyuradi.
Misr
Misr qisman Osiyoda, ammo qarang Misrda sho'ng'in Qizil dengizning har ikki tomonidagi sho'ng'in joylari uchun.
Hindiston
- Asosiy mavzu: Hindistonda sho'ng'in
Hindistonqirg'oqlari tropik iqlimga ega. Pondicherry-ning eng yuqori mavsumi yanvardan iyungacha, keyin sentyabrdan noyabrgacha, ammo bu sohada sho'ng'in butun yil davomida amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Suv harorati 27 ° C / 80 ° F va 30 ° C / 86 ° F orasida o'zgarib turadi. Hindiston bo'ylab o'rtacha yillik harorat 25 ° C / 77 ° F. Sayyohlar orasida ko'proq mashhur bo'lgan sho'ng'in joylarining aksariyati ofshor orollari hududlari atrofida joylashgan Andaman va Nikobar orollar va Lakshadvip orollari toza okean suviga ega.
Indoneziya
- Asosiy mavzu: Indoneziyada sho'ng'in
Indoneziya 18000 dan ortiq orollari bo'lgan dunyodagi eng katta arxipelag davlatidir. Bu sayyohlik uchun ajoyib Balidan tortib to ekstremal cho'lgacha va dengiz hayotining ajoyib aralashmasi bilan turli xil sho'ng'in tajribalarini taklif etadi. Yuqori darajadagi sho'ng'in joylari - Raja Ampat, Alor va Komodo.
Isroil
Isroil uchta dengizga ega: Qizil, Med va O'lik. Siz faqat Qizilga sho'ng'ishni xohlaysiz, shaharning qirg'og'idan 4 km Eilat, Misr va Iordaniya chegaralari o'rtasida joylashgan. Rifga sho'ng'in va sho'ng'in bilan shug'ullanish oson, va diqqatga sazovor joy - bu dengiz parki Musa Rok. Ammo bu juda ko'p qanotli jismlarni yutish uchun kichik qirg'oq chizig'i; Bu o'rganish uchun yaxshi, ammo tajribali g'avvoslar, ehtimol, Isroilga yanada kengroq safari doirasida bu erga bir necha kun sho'ng'ishni xohlashadi. Sho'ng'in dam olish uchun uzoqroq masofani bosib o'tish uchun yaqin atrofdagi chegaradan o'ting Aqaba Iordaniyada.
Yaponiya
- Asosiy mavzu: Yaponiyada sho'ng'in
Yaponiya kengliklarda tarqalgan ko'plab orollardan tashkil topgan mamlakat, shuning uchun sho'ng'in joylari uzoq shimolda sovuq mo''tadildan janubiy janubda tropikgacha. Izu yarimoroli yilda Shizuoka prefektura Xonsyu materik Yaponiya sho'ng'in uchun mashhur joy. Atamining Sharqiy qirg'og'i sho'ng'in operatorlari tomonidan eng qulayligi va infratuzilmasi bilan mashhur, G'arbiy qirg'oqning joylari asosan buzilmagan, dam olish kunlari olomondan uzoqligi va temir yo'l stantsiyalarining etishmasligi bilan himoyalangan. Ning janubiy orollari Okinava ajoyib sho'ng'in qiling, lekin narxlar keskin: ikkita sho'ng'in uchun 100 AQSh dollaridan yuqoriroq to'lashni kutishingiz mumkin. Boshqa sho'ng'in joylariga quyidagilar kiradi Miyako orollari, Yaeyama orollari va Yonaguni-Jima, Yaponiyaning eng g'arbiy nuqtasi.
Iordaniya
Iordaniya deyarli dengizga chiqmagan, ammo Qizil dengiz uchida Oqaba ko'rfazi bo'ylab 15 km qirg'oq chizig'iga ega; qarang Aqaba transport va boshqa amaliy ishlar uchun. Shahar atrofi sanoat va port cheklovlari ostida joylashgan, ammo keyin sho'ng'in foydalanilmayotgan elektr stantsiyasidan janubga qadar Saudiya Arabistoni bilan chegarada "avtomat rif" ga qadar cho'zilgan. Ushbu da'vat qilmaydigan ismlarning barchasi juda yaxshi sog'lom riflardir, odatda ular juda yaqin bo'lganligi sababli qirg'oqqa sho'ng'in sifatida amalga oshiriladi. Sidar mag'rurligi, va 2017 yilda Hercules C-130 yaqinida cho'kib ketgan. Iordaniya g'arbliklar uchun do'stona va juda qulay va narxlar mo''tadil, ammo Misrga qaraganda g'avvoslar va boshqa mehmonlarga qaraganda kamroq.
Malayziya
- Asosiy mavzu: Malayziyada sho'ng'in
Malayziya - Janubiy-Sharqiy Osiyodagi, Malay yarim orolida va Borneo shimolidagi davlat. Malayziya atrofida yarim orolning sharqiy qirg'og'idagi va Sabahdagi ko'plab orollarga tarqalgan 300 dan ortiq sho'ng'in joylari mavjud.
Maldiv orollari
- Asosiy mavzu: Maldiv orollarida sho'ng'in
The Maldiv orollari Hindistonning janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Hind okeanidagi arxipelag bo'lib, Janubiy Osiyoning bir qismi hisoblanadi. Maldiv orollari hududi asosan suvdan iborat bo'lib, mamlakatning atigi 1% quruqlikda joylashgan. Er 1192 adacıklara tarqalgan, ularning har biri atollning bir qismini tashkil qiladi. Jami Maldiv orollarida 26 ta atol mavjud.
Hind okeanining tubida butun mamlakat marjon riflaridan tashkil topgan va sayyoradagi eng yaxshi sho'ng'inlarga ega. Turar joy va sho'ng'in xizmatlari narxi qimmat, ammo tashqi riflarda oqim kuchli bo'lishi mumkin.
Maldiv orollaridagi aksariyat dam olish maskanlari sho'ng'in sho'ng'in inshootiga ega va bir qator jonli efirda ishlaydigan operatorlar mavjud, ular Maldiv orollari bo'ylab ko'plab sho'ng'in joylariga mehmonlarni olib boradilar. Balina köpekbalığı, manta nurlari, burgut nurlari, rif akulalari, bolg'a akulalari va moray elkalari, shuningdek, ko'plab kichik baliq va mercan turlarini ko'rish mumkin.
Ummon
Sultonligi Ummon Arabiston yarim orolining sharqiy qismida, Ummon ko'rfazining qirg'og'ida joylashgan. Sho'ng'in joylari kiradi Maskat, Daymaniyat, Fahl oroli va Salalah sovuq va iliq dengiz hayotining g'ayrioddiy kombinatsiyasiga ega.
Papua-Yangi Gvineya
Mustaqil davlat Papua-Yangi Gvineya dunyodagi eng katta va eng baland tropik orol - Yangi Gvineyaning sharqiy qismini va ko'plab kichik dengiz orollarini o'z ichiga oladi.
Filippinlar
- Asosiy mavzu: Filippinda sho'ng'in
7107 ta orol, 18000 km qirg'oq va 27000 km2 marjon riflaridan, Filippinlar Yerdagi eng xilma-xil dengiz mintaqalaridan biri bo'lgan mercan uchburchagida yotadi. Ushbu dengizlar Tropik Hind-Tinch okeanining ekologiyasiga ega bo'lib, unda 450 dan ortiq qattiq mercan turlari va 500 dan ortiq baliq oilalari mavjud bo'lib, ularga 2000-2500 baliq turlari kiradi. Sho'ng'in joylarining xilma-xil turlari, jumladan, riflar, vayronalar va suv osti g'orlari. Iyuldan oktyabrgacha Filippinda kuchli yomg'ir yog'moqda, tez-tez bo'ronli yomg'ir yog'moqda: sho'ng'in joylari saqlanib qolinishi mumkin, ammo quruqlik bo'ylab sayohat qilish maqsadga muvofiq bo'lmaydi.
Saudiya Arabistoni
Saudiya Arabistoni tashrif buyurish juda qiyin, ammo juda yaxshi saqlanib qolgan va hozirda oldindan buyurtma bera oladigan sayyohlar uchun ochiq. Saytlarga Farasan orollari va uning atroflari kiradi Jidda va Yanbu.
Tailand
- Asosiy mavzu: Tailandda sho'ng'in
Tailand sayyohlik yo'naltirilgan sho'ng'in sho'ng'in sanoati bilan birlashtirilgan go'zal manzaraga ega, asosan toza suv va Hind-Tinch okeani reef ekologiyasi. G'arbiy sohilda Andaman dengizi (masalan, Pxuket) va sharqda Tailand ko'rfazida (masalan, Pattaya) ikkita sho'ng'in mintaqasi mavjud. Ikkalasi ham yangi boshlanuvchilardan tajribali g'avvoslarga qadar bo'lgan barcha sinflarga mos keladi. Bu yil davomida sho'ng'in mumkin, ammo oktyabrdan iyungacha eng yaxshisi. Sohilga yaqin ko'rinish g'alati bo'lishi mumkin, ammo bir milya yoki shunga o'xshash masofa 30 m gacha. Marjon bog'lari, dengiz osti qoyalari, qattiq va yumshoq mercan, kit akulalari, kumush uchi akulalari, manta nurlari va hatto cho'kib ketgan jangovar kemalar mavjud.
Timor-Leste
- Asosiy mavzu: Sharqiy Timorda sho'ng'in
Timor-Leste yoki Sharqiy Timor geografik jihatdan Indoneziya arxipelagining bir qismi bo'lib, 2002 yilgi keskin kurashlardan so'ng mustaqillikka erishdi. Tropik iqlimga ega, oktyabrdan martgacha nam mavsumga va apreldan sentyabrgacha quruq mavsumga ega. Sho'ng'in eng yaxshi mart va dekabr oylari orasida. Shimoliy qirg'oqdan 3000 metr chuqurlikdagi Vetar Bo'g'ozi bilan marjonlar va dengiz hayotining ajoyib qismini topishingiz mumkin, ularning aksariyati to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qirg'oqdan. Bu dunyo miqyosidagi sho'ng'in joyidir, bu haqda ozchilik biladi. Bu, shuningdek, kitlarning issiq joyidir.
kurka
kurka asosan Osiyoda, lekin uning sho'ng'in Evropa bilan ko'proq o'xshash bo'lgan Egey / Med kurortlari bo'ylab, shuning uchun ushbu bo'limga qarang.
Vetnam
- Asosiy mavzu: Vetnamda sho'ng'in
Vetnam Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda ko'plab himoyalangan koylar va orollarga ega bo'lgan, masalan, Hon Mun Island dengiz parki kabi uzoq qirg'oq chizig'i bor. Nha Trang. Sho'ng'in boshlang'ichdan tortib to tajribali darajagacha bo'lgan barcha sinflarga mos keladi. Tropik baliqlarning ko'p turlari, vaqti-vaqti bilan toshbaqalar, nudibranchlar va boshqa reef umurtqasizlar va 400 dan ortiq qattiq mercan turlari mavjud.
Evropa
Evropada sho'ng'in odatda O'rta er dengizi. Bu turizm uchun juda yaxshi rivojlangan - aslida juda rivojlangan, shabada eskirgan kurortlari va suvlari marjonlar, baliqlar va asarlaridan tozalangan. "Med o'ldi" - bu qayg'uli tiyilish. Va unchalik iliq emas: yozda ko'ngilochar suv kostyumlari bilan sho'ng'in qilish yaxshi, ammo quruq yoki kengaytirilgan sho'ng'in quruq kiyimda yaxshi bo'ladi. (Ko'pincha o'tkir termoklin bor - bu lotincha "uyg'onish" degan ma'noni anglatadi - 50 fut atrofida.) Qishda sovuq va ko'pincha qo'pol, kurortlar dengizlar kabi jonsiz bo'lib, sho'ng'in operatorlari mavsumdan tashqari yopilishi mumkin. Yilning istalgan paytida Midiya Qizil dengiz bilan taqqoslaganda azob chekadi, bu erda parvoz paytida qo'shimcha ikki soat davomida shimoliy mamlakatlardan kelgan mehmonlar yaxshi ob-havo va dengiz hayotini yaxshilashlari mumkin va umuman kamroq pul to'laydilar.
Med ballari dengiz parklarida joylashgan joyda. To'g'ri himoyalangan bular, dengiz hayotini tezda tikladilar va keng ko'lamda nima mumkinligini ko'rsatib berishdi. Himoyalanmagan joylarda ham, odatda baliq ovi yoki marjon kollektsionerlari doirasidan tashqarida biron bir yoriq yoki g'or bo'ladi, va siz Jak Kusto va Xans Xass kabi kashshoflarni qamrab olgan o'tmishdagi Medni ko'rasiz. Med odatda yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun foydalidir - bu oqim emas, shuning uchun oqimlar yumshoq - va texnik mashg'ulotlar o'tkaziladigan joylar va ko'plab halokatlar mavjud, chunki bu ko'pincha urush kabinasi edi. Shuningdek, u karstik Sharqiy Medda suv osti manzaralariga ega, ohaktoshli kamarlar, g'orlar, suzish va bacalar mavjud. Eng katta savdo nuqtasi - bu Medning barcha mamlakatlarining qirg'oq bo'yidagi diqqatga sazovor joylari, shuning uchun Akropol, Florensiya patsyadalari, doimo paydo bo'lgan Stromboli va Gaudi ning beozor arxitekturasi kabi diqqatga sazovor joylar plyajdan qisqa masofada joylashgan. sho'ng'in kurorti, unutilmas har tomonlama ta'tilga chiqish. Medning diveable mamlakatlariga quyidagilar kiradi:
Kipr: Ikkalasi ham yunon tilida so'zlashuvchi Kipr va turkiyzabonlar Shimoliy Kipr vayronagarchilik kabi kurort sho'ng'iniga ega bo'ling Zenobiya yopiq Larnaka.
Xorvatiya sayyohlik g'avvoslari uchun yanada rivojlanib bormoqda.
Frantsiya: Eng yaxshisi janubdagi dengiz parkida Korsika, Italiyada Sardiniya bilan birgalikda.
Italiya:Sardiniya shimoliy uchida dengiz parki mavjud bo'lib, Frantsiyaning bo'g'ozlari bo'ylab Korsika bilan birgalikda foydalaniladi. Shuningdek, g'or tizimi mavjud Algero, toza suv va hayratlanarli ohaktosh qoyalari bilan. Sitsiliyava, ayniqsa, atrofdagi vulqon orollari Lipari, suv ustida va pastda g'alati erlar mavjud.
Gretsiya sho'ng'in uchun an'anaviy ravishda dushman hisoblanadi. Suv osti merosini himoya qilish to'g'ri, ammo ularning cheklovlari faqatgina mas'uliyatli sayyohlar sho'ng'in savdosini to'xtatishga muvaffaq bo'ldi, ammo talon-taroj qilishning oldini olmadi. Ular asta-sekin bo'shashmoqdalar, ammo ular diqqat bilan nazorat qilinishini kutmoqdalar.
Maltada
- Asosiy mavzu: Maltada sho'ng'in
Maltada va uning singlisi orol Gozo qayiq va qirg'oqning ohaktosh shakllanishiga sho'ng'ish, tik tushish va vayronagarchiliklarga ega bo'ling. Water temperature varies between 15°C (59°F) in summer and 26°C (79°F) in winter, and visibility is generally good, but autumn / winter are prone to storms.
Ispaniya has marine parks, e.g. Islas Medes near Estartit in Jirona. But the best diving is off the Canaries in the Atlantic, see below.
Ko'pchilik kurka is in Asia, with only a small part in Europe. So too is its diving infrastructure, all along the Aegean / Med resort strip between Kusadasi and Alanya. But in character it resembles the other East Med countries.
Europe also surrounds the Qora dengiz, bordered by Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia. It's little explored, and is revealing interesting wrecks, but it's no fun for recreational diving. Same goes for the Caspian Sea, which has industrial diving to service the oil & gas rigs.
Europe has lots of dive areas in the Atlantika okeani and its associated seas. Considering these from south (the most popular) to north (the most challenging):
The Kanareykalar orollari are part of Spain but set in the North Atlantic off Morocco. They have year-round diving, with Tenerife va Lanzarote being the best developed.
Orol Madeyra is part of Portugal. Stunning rock formations, steep dropoffs and excellent visibility make Ponta de Sao Lourenco one of the best dive areas of Madeira. The island's sites include Arco da Badajeira, Farol, Piquinho, Parede do Sardinha, SS Forerunner and Baixa do Lobo. Sesimbra also has a lot of dive centers and sites to choose from. The other islands of the Azor orollari have been slow to develop tourism.
Belgiya has a cold muddy coastline on the North Sea. The only attraction for divers is Nemo 33 in Bryussel, the deepest indoor swimming pool in the world. Its maximum depth is 34.5 m (113 ft) and the temperature is a constant 30 °C (86 °F).
Irlandiya has a rugged south and west coast, where saw-toothed rocks await unwary vessels.
Birlashgan Qirollik
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in the United Kingdom
This is cold and often challenging, usually requiring a drysuit. There are interesting wrecks and marine environments all around the UK's convoluted coastline and many small islands. The only area for which a diver would make a special trip to the UK is Scapa Flow in the Orkney orollari, where the German Imperial Fleet was scuttled in 1919.
Iceland: The classic dive in Islandiya is in the rift at Silfra in Velingvellir milliy bog'i, in fresh water that's as clear as it can get.
Finally, Europe has the cold, brackish Baltic Sea, of which a good example is Sweden.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Sweden
Diving in Shvetsiya requires a dry suit at all times of the year. The waters are mostly dark with limited visibility. These conditions have preserved century-old wooden ships, which in warmer waters would have been eroded by marine life. So imagine, if it's too cold and dark for marine life, how much fun it is for humans.
Shimoliy Amerika
These countries, roughly from coldest to warmest, are Canada, the USA (including Hawaii), Central America (including Mexico), and the Caribbean island nations.
Kanada
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Canada
Kanada's waters are dry-suit territory, between cold-temperate and polar; they often freeze in winter yet reach a balmy 21°C in the Thousand Islands region in late summer. Wrecks and rocky reefs are abundant. It is possible to dive with belugas in Hudson Bay, Manitoba, and on well-preserved wooden wrecks in the Great Lakes.
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in the United States
The US is a huge country, and diving destinations range from polar to tropical, inland to oceanic islands, and high altitude lakes to caves near sea level.
Diving destinations include:
- Kaliforniya, with a cool Pacific coast, is well-developed for diving. The giant kelp forests are like sunken cathedrals.
- Florida, the south tip of the east coast, has a long coastline with reefs and islets; the interior is limestone so there are flooded caverns and caves. Tourism and transport are so well-developed that it's easy to reach from Europe as well as the rest of the US.
- Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the central north Pacific. The main resorts all have dive operations and good sites.
- Lake Michigan is cold fresh water, with some of the best preserved shipwrecks in the world.
- The Thousand Island area spans between New York state and Ontario, with boat operations from both.
- Shimoliy Karolina is sometimes called the "Graveyard of the Atlantic" because of its numerous shipwrecks.
- Washington'sPuget ovozi is a rich habitat for marine life.
Markaziy Amerika
Best developed is Meksika, with good diving on both its Pacific and Caribbean coasts, and extensive cave systems.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Mexico
Quyi Kaliforniya, The western peninsula, borders the U.S. state of California. Cabo San Lucas — on the southern tip of the Baja Peninsula is a meeting point of reef and blue water fish. San Pedro Nolasco Island, a small and rugged island in the Gulf of California, is protected as a nature reserve and its coastal waters are well known as a sport fishing and diving site.
Shimoliy Meksika includes the expansive deserts and mountains of the border states; mostly ignored by tourists, this is "Unknown Mexico" and has a thermal water filled sinkhole belonging to the Zacatón system, which is the deepest known water-filled sinkhole in the world with a total underwater depth of 319 metres (1,047 ft).
The Tinch okean sohillari has tropical beaches on the southern coast, and Socorro Island, a small volcanic island in the Revillagigedo Islands, some 600 km offshore, which is a popular scuba diving destination known for underwater encounters with dolphins, sharks, manta rays and other pelagic animals. Since there is no public airport on the island, divers visit here on live-aboard dive vessels. The most popular months are between November and May when the weather and seas are calmer.
The Yucatan yarimoroli has jungle, cenotes and impressive Mayan archaeological sites along with the Caribbean coast. Kozumel has excellent and very accessible diving making it one of the most popular diving destinations in the northern hemisphere. The area is well known for reef, wall and drift diving and a lively top-side scene. The region includes the Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park. Kankun va Playa del Karmen yilda Kintana Roo are known for cavern and cave diving and advanced technical diving in the labyrinth of fresh water cenotes. Banco Chinchorro is an atoll reef in the Caribbean Sea off the southeast coast of Quintana Roo, near Belize. There are at least nine shipwrecks on the reef, including two Spanish Galleons.
Beliz has diving similar to Mexico's Quintana Roo.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Belize
Its barrier reef is a part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, 300 m (980 ft) offshore in the north and 40 km (25 mi) in the south of the country. Much of the reef is under legal protection yet where responsible diving is allowed: a World Heritage Site with seven marine reserves, 450 cays, and three atolls.
Gonduras has good diving along its Caribbean north coast.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Honduras
The best developed is Roatán, which is one of the Bay Islands some 40 km north of the mainland. There are also dive sites on the other Bay Islands of Guanaja, Utila va Hog Islands (Cayos Cochinos). They all enjoy year-round warm climate and sea, underwater viz of 60 to 100 ft, and it's usually calm. This makes them a good choice for learning to dive. For advanced divers they boast amazing reef formations such as canyons and swim throughs galore. The deep waters minutes away from shore lend themselves for Tec Dive training and exploration.
Karib dengizi
Antigua: Dive sites include Darkwood Reef & Charlotte Reef.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Aruba
Many of the dive shops in Aruba will pick divers up at their hotel and bring them to the dock or dive shop, and drop them off at the dive shop when their dive is over.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Barbados
Barbados has mellow reef and wreck diving along its sheltered southwest and western coasts. It's a good place for learning and for novice and intermediate divers; there's nothing ultra-deep or highly technical. Most dive shacks are in Bridjtaun, but they pick up from the hotels along the two coastal resort strips, and from the cruise terminal.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in the Bahamas
Ism Bagama orollari means "shallow seas" and it comprises an extensive submerged limestone platform, with high points here and there just breaking the water to form an archipelago. The Bahamas are warm year-round, basking in the Gulf Stream, and hurricanes seldom strike. All the inhabited islands have local diving, and some have extensive inland cave systems. New Providence is the least interesting, being dominated by the sprawling capital Nassau, but is the base for liveaboard cruises around the archipelago.
Bequia's dive sites include Devils Table, North West Point and Boulders.
Bonaire lies 80 km north of Venezuela. It's low-lying and arid, with haunting landscapes of salt pans, old slave huts, pink flamingos and wild donkeys. It has shore-diving all along its sheltered west coast, which is the hotel strip - most have a "house reef", and many have jettys so you can step straight onto a boat. Dive boats often visit the reef along the west side of Klein Bonaire, the small desert island just off the main town Kralendijk. The exposed east coast is seldom dived. Bonaire is a good destination for beginners and mellow intermediate divers, it's not tecky. The climate is warm and breezy all year round.
- Asosiy mavzu: Britaniyaning Virgin orollarida sho'ng'in
The BVI comprise some 60 islands and islets, mostly within a few miles of each other. The islands are in relatively shallow water, so most dive sites are shallower than 100 feet (30 m). The diving is predominantly based on wrecks and tropical coral reefs. There are 70 dive sites marked by mooring buoys, and several unmarked.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in the Cayman Islands
The three islands are Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Caymaan Brac. They're the tips of an underwater mountain, which has near-vertical sides in places, sometimes close to shore. In addition to the coral reefs, with their typical Caribbean fish, and invertebrates, the wall diving is an unusual experience for most scuba divers. Scuba diving in the Caymans can be done from a boat, or at some dive sites, from a shore entry. Visibility is good due to the island's geography. There is very little runoff of silt or fertilizers from the land, and the steep walls result in the reefs being unusually close to deep ocean water.
Kuba's dive destinations include Mariya la Gorda.
Dominika's terrain is as spectacular underwater as it is above.
Martinika's former capital Saint-Pierre has a harbour littered with wrecks, sunk by the 1902 volcanic eruption.
Saba is a small volcanic island of the Netherlands Antilles, with steep drop-offs and submerged pinnacles that are virtually untouched.
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Saba
Sen-Bartelemiya's dive sites include Ile Fouche, Ile Chevreau, La Baleine and Sugarloaf.
St Kitts & Nevis:Saint Christopher, better known as St Kitts, has dive sites including Palmer’s Paradise (Turtle Canyons), Old Road Town Bay, Sandy Point Bay, Mystery Shoal and Popeye’s Corner.
Nevis is the smaller of the two islands; it's little developed, a quiet and relaxing place. Its best-known dive site is Monkey Shoals.
Sankt-Lucia's sharp volcanic peaks continue underwater, with the best of the scenery in the south, e.g. da Anse Chastanet near the town of Soufrière. The plunging drop-off makes many of the reefs accessible by shore-diving or a very short boat ride.
Avliyo Martin dive sites include Hen and Chicks, Moon Hole, Cable Reef, Groupers, The Maze, Alleys, Proselyte Reef, and HMS Proselyte Wreck.
Trinidad has muddy waters from the outflow of the Orinocco. Its smaller island of Tobago is clear of this, is well-developed for diving and other tourism, and has direct flights from North America and Europe.
Okeaniya
(Note: Hawaii is listed under United States of America in North America)
Avstraliya
- Asosiy mavzu: Avstraliyada sho'ng'in
The coastline of Avstraliya is very long and includes a considerable range of water temperatures and marine ecologies. The most famous region is the Great Barrier Reef off Queensland, but there's plenty more. There is temperate water diving along the south coast and off Tasmania.
Chuuk
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Chuuk
Chuuk lagoon is renowned for the huge number of ship and aircraft wrecks from World War II's Operation Hailstorm.Chuuk Lagoon is part of the larger Caroline Islands group. During World War II, Truk Lagoon, as it was then known, was the Empire of Japan's main base in the South Pacific theatre. A significant portion of the Japanese fleet was based there. Operation Hailstone was launched from the Marshall Islands, and the attack on Truk lagoon started in the early morning of February 17, 1944, and culminated in one of the most important naval airstrikes of the war. 12 Japanese warships, 32 merchant ships and 249 aircraft were destroyed making the lagoon the biggest graveyard of ships in the world.
Fidji
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Fiji
Fidji is a Melanesian country in the South Pacific Ocean which includes 322 islands, of which 110 are inhabited, and 522 smaller islets. Poytaxt Suva on Viti Levu. The Fijian islands have a year-round warm tropical climate. Water temperature ranges between 23-30°C (73-86°F). Visibility ranges between 25-50 m (80-165 ft). A network of coral reefs surrounds all the islands and atolls. Fiji is a good place to discover the scuba diving world. There are around 1000 species of fish and several hundreds types of coral and sponges at a wide variety of dive sites for divers of all levels.
Guam
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Guam
Guam has some of the best dive sites in the world since there has been minimal tourist impact compared to other better known dive locations. Piti Bomb Holes has been built up as a tourist attraction allowing tourists to descend into an observatory where they can take in the beauty that has grown in a sinkhole. (The name "Bomb Holes" is a misnomer.) Divers may dive around this attraction and feed shoals of fish for the amusement of the tourists inside the subaquatic observatory as much as for the divers' own amusement.
While many of the dive sites can be reached by land, some of these entry points require a long walk over coral or a long surface swim. Also, because so much of the island is controlled by U.S. military bases, many of the dive sites are accessed by land through the military bases.
Niue
Niue has extremely clear water. It is a great scuba diving and snorkelling destination.
Yangi Zelandiya
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in New Zealand
Yangi Zelandiya is a island country in the temperate South Pacific, with an extremely long coasline for its size, and a remarkable number of coastal islands. Much of this coastline is diveable, and some of the sites are really spectacular.
New Zealand has a mild and temperate maritime climate with mean annual temperatures ranging from 10°C (50°F) in the south to 16°C (61°F) in the north. The weather is notoriously variable. The expression "four seasons in one day" sums it up quite well. It is positioned across the division between subantarctic and subtropical water masses, and this provides a large range of conditions and habitats which support a wide diversity of marine life.
Palau
Palau has a shark sanctuary and is a known destination for shark-watchers. Its most famous site, the jellyfish lake, doesn't permit divers, you just snorkel among them.
Papua-Yangi Gvineya
Madang is a town with fine scuba diving.
Saypan
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Saipan
Saypan ichida Northern Marianas is a popular diving destination in the Pacific. It is a typical middle-aged island composed of ancient fossil-rich coral limestone atop a subsiding, extinct marine volcano. A fringing reef of healthy offshore corals forms an extremely large lagoon and many small shallow lagoons in its larger bays, and a few offshore subsurface coral mounts. Saipan has excellent reefs, white beaches, underwater caves, WWII shipwrecks, underwater munitions dumps, and underwater airplane wrecks which provide diving that will appeal to most divers. Visibility, typically in the 50~90 ft(16~30m) range, varies enormously based on location, tide, and season. Waves seldom exceed 1~2 ft(30~60 cm) in height, except during typhoons and tropical storms.
Vanuatu
Vanuatu is an archipelago nation in the southwest Pacific Ocean, north of New Zealand and east of Australia. It has intermediate level wreck diving, including penetration, on the President Coolidge, and blue hole diving with excellent visibility.
Janubiy Amerika
Braziliya
- Asosiy mavzu: Diving in Brazil
Braziliya has a long coastline, mainly on the South Atlantic, and mostly in the tropics, with a few offshore islands. There are also liveaboards in the Northeastern region. To dive in public parks (like Fernando de Noronxa) one must be certified by one of the agencies recognized by IBAMA (Instituto Brasileiro de Administração do Meio Ambiente), a federal organ.
Kolumbiya
Kolumbiya has some of the cheapest diving in South America. A cheap place to learn is Taganga. The islands of Isla Gorgona, San-Andres va Providensiya have some really good diving. A little known but excellent location for hammerhead sharks, whale sharks and other large pelagic beasts is Malpelo Island, accessible only by liveaboard.
Chili
Chili is some 4000 km long from north to south, so its sea conditions are as varied as its land climate. It's relatively undiscovered and undeveloped for diving. The north is obviously warmer, with sites and dive operations around Antofagasta, La Serena, and resorts in the Santyago area - you need a chunky wetsuit by these latitudes. and drysuits south of here. Chile's best known diving is on Pasxa oroli, 3500 km out in the Pacific. A mere 700 km out, the Juan Fernandez Archipelago is also good.
Ekvador
Ekvador rules the remarkable Galapagos orollari, with schools of dozens of hammerhead sharks, while whale sharks and other large sea creatures are also frequently sighted.
Chiqinglar
Destination and region "Get in" sections describe the usual options for getting yourself someplace. But some aspects are specific to diving, so this section outlines those, from the time you commit to a destination to the moment you're poised at the water's edge ready to plunge in. In summary these are to stay healthy and current, check your insurance, decide what kit to take, check in with the dive centre at the destination, then travel with them to the specific dive site. The subsequent "Get around" section describes what happens next.
Stay healthy and current
Standard advice on healthy active lifestyles applies to diving as to everything else. You want all-round cross-fitness, stamina and suppleness; there's nothing specific for diving. A steady routine is worth more than a spasm of activity. "Staying current" means not letting your skills decay since your last dive. Resort centres are generally okay if you've dived within the last six months, though this does not necessarily mean you have not lost your edge. They become less happy the longer your gap, the lower your previous experience, and the more challenging the intended dive. Consider how you might schedule interim dives, but realistically, a time-poor traveller might only manage a single diving vacation per year. What the centre might do is assign you to a "check-out dive", i.e. tagged on to the beginners' class. Once the instructor reports back that you looked okay, you'll be restored to the main boat.
Check your insurance
Is it in date, does it cover the destination you're heading for, and include scuba diving? In the Med, is the policy restricted to Europe, or include Anatolian Turkey or Tunisia, and what about Cyprus (part EU, part not)? An annual multi-trip policy is often the best deal and often includes diving without extra charge, within recreational limits and your level of qualification - typically to 30 m / 100 foot max depth. That demonstrates that insurers know that diving is safe, compared say to winter sports for which you'd pay extra. But when it goes wrong, it can go horribly wrong, perhaps in a resource-poor country that simply can't afford to launch a search and rescue operation unless they know who's paying. Then come the medical bills, the onward emergency transfer to a decompression pod, the specialist treatment and rehab before you're stable enough to be repatriated. US$1,000,000 is the minimum cover needed against calamities on this scale. There are organisations that specialise in insurance for divers and diving travel, including loss of equipment, expert medical advice, treatment and emergency transport.
What to take on the trip?
The one absolute essential (beyond your passport and payment cards) is your dive certification and log book, and the lesser your certification, the more important the log book will be. Without these, any reputable diver operator will be forced to regard you as an untrained beginner, and the most they'd allow is a "try-dive" under instructor supervision. If these vital documents go missing in transit, it may be possible for your training agency to fax or email evidence of your qualification. But this is slow, uncertain and may be pricey so if you have them online, email them to yourself just ahead of the trip.
Always take your own mask, fins, and dive computer if you have one, as they're lightweight, along with standard beach items such as towel, swimwear and tote bag.
As to the rest, it's a trade-off between weight, bulk, assurance of knowing your own kit, and quality and cost of rental. (It's not really a choice of buying versus rental, as you may well own one or more sets of kit but opt not to take it.) For a warm water trip, a wetsuit plus regulator and BCD will fit a standard airline 23-kg bag and leave just about enough room to crush in lightweight clothing for a week's vacation. When were those items last serviced, do you need to sort this before the trip? Try to use a recently serviced regulator before going away with it in case the settings are not to your liking. It's hardly worth lugging full kit for less than 3 days diving. A small camera can go in your hand luggage but an elaborate camera will mean a second checked bag to accommodate all the lighting, mountings and housings, plus security against thieving hands. For a cold water trip, you do need to take your own drysuit plus associated warmwear, and this alone will fill most of one bag. Bearing in mind that you also need thicker, rainproof clothing for such a climate, reckon on a second bag.
You can't fly with weights or tanks, which are readily available at dive centres. If they're not, then the trip becomes an expedition, with a truck to carry the heavy kit overland, probably also with an air compressor for refills, loads of tools and spare parts, and towing your own boat. Something on this scale needs organising by an experienced expedition leader, who will appreciate your offer to take on delegated tasks. You also can't generally fly with rebreathers.
Check in with the dive centre
Worth checking ahead, especially in a one-centre resort: one risk is they're booked out, but more likely they may have folded, or just gone dormant if business is slack.
On arrival (and they may pick up from hotels), there's paperwork to do. They need to see your certification, log book, and payment card. On insurance they may simply ask you to sign that you've got some, or demand to see the small print about the coverage.
The agency that you trained with may not be one to which the centre is affiliated. It's not a problem so long as you qualified from that training, and that the agency was one recognised worldwide. There are look-up tables that show what any particular qualification would equate to in another agency. As of 2018, the following are recognised:
- ACUC: The American Canadian Underwater Certifications.
- ANDI: American Nitrox Divers International.
- BSAC: The British Sub Aqua Club, bases its training on a network of affiliated clubs.
- CMAS: The Italian-based Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques, an amateur non-for-profit international organization that takes a more comprehensive approach than many of the commercial agencies. Training and certification is available from either national diving federations affiliated to CMAS or from specially-accredited dive centres known as CMAS Dive Centers (CDC). Certification from national diving federations and CDCs is considered to be equivalent, however training may vary from CMAS standards due to requirements mandated by a national federation. Most the larger national federations are in Europe (particularly FFESSM Frantsiyada va FEDAS in Spain), and their qualification cards will sometimes have CMAS qualification on one side, and the national federation on the other. Provided it has a clear CMAS endorsement, even cards from minor national federations will be recognised worldwide. Note that BSAC (see above) does not issue CMAS cards by default, but can issue one equivalent to your highest BSAC qualification for a small fee (about 25 UK pounds). If you are a BSAC trained and diving in Frantsiya (including French overseas regions like Frantsiya Polineziyasi) you may find this worthwhile, as it can save a lot of hassle due to highly regulated nature of French diving.
- GUE: Global Underwater Explorers, concentrates on technical and cave diving specialities.
- IANTD: International Association of Nitrox Technical Divers.
- IDEA: The International Diving Educators Association.
- ISI[ilgari o'lik havola]: The Independent Scuba Instructors.
- NAUI: The National Association of Underwater Instructors, US-based, is the oldest recreational scuba certification agency.
- PADI: The Professional Association of Diving Instructors, the largest scuba certification agency, a commercial agency targeted towards recreational divers who want to learn quickly.
- PDIC: The Professional Diving Instructors Corporation.
- SDI/TDI: The Scuba Divers International/Technical Divers International, a certification agency designed to train with an emphasis on practical diving skills. SDI focuses on the recreational side of scuba diving and TDI is the mother branch that specializes in Technical Diving.
- SSI: Scuba Schools International, another large commercial agency.
Reaching the dive site
There are three main ways of travelling to the dive site: day-boats, shore dives, and liveaboards where the boat itself is your acccommodation.
Day-boats
The majority of tourist, qualified but non-technical diving is from day-boats, as the sites of interest are usually a few miles from the dive centre, and too far from shore to swim to. Day trips typically head out in the morning, when the sea is quieter, for a "two-tank dive", i.e. two dives with a surface interval between. With short travel times they return to base in that interval, with longer times they make a day of it at sea.
Boats vary greatly in size and facilities, so the newly-arrived visitor should ask about this, to understand what to bring and what not to bring. The most spartan are small boats or RIBs (rigid inflatable boats) with outboard motors. You will already be in your wet- or drysuit on boarding, with kit assembled. Everything is liable to get drenched and there's no space for more than a small tote-bag for sunhat and glasses. Boats for longer trips are progressively roomier, with a wet deck where the kit stays and divers assemble, toilets and showers, and indoor and sun-deck dry areas. They may offer a catered lunch, snacks, and help yourself to coffee. They may carry several parties of experienced divers, trainees, snorkellers and non-diving sunbathers. Note that it's travel time not distance that governs the type of boat: a RIB can go blazing out to reach sites within the hour that a conventional boat would need much of the day to reach and return.
If you suffer travel sickness in cars then best assume you'll feel sick on the boat and take medication, since it generally has to be taken an hour before sailing. Nausea can be reduced by standing up out on deck and fixing on the horizon, and by being midships around the centre of pitch and roll. It will subside underwater as you drop below the wave action and the pressure reduces your gut volume. It will return inexorably as you ascend, bob about in the waves, and try to de-kit in a lurching boat. How to vomit underwater is just another of those skills you'll acquire; fish will surround you to admire your technique and devour its results.
There will be two briefings, listen carefully to both. Once everyone's aboard you get a "boat briefing": wet and dry areas, rules about shoes, firm grip on the stair rails, and never put anything into the toilet that you haven't eaten yourself. The second, approaching the site, is the "site briefing:" underwater topography, things you might see, and intended dive route, depth and duration. You especially need to know the method for exiting the boat, and for getting back aboard.
Even larger boats - liveaboards - are considered below. Some centres use public ferries to reach their sites, connecting with a small boat or shore operation there. Cruise liners often include diving in their excursions, but in effect it's as if an entire resort has become mobile to rendezvous with a dive centre. You dock or transfer by small boat to the centre and carry out the dive just like a land-based visitor.
Shore dives
Shore dives are where you swim out from shore, or dive immediately, onto a nearby site. It's cheaper, avoiding all the business of boats, but it's not necessarily easier. There may be only limited spots where you can get into the water, across slippy rocks or sharp coral, amidst breaking waves. Coming back, those spots may be difficult to locate from the water, or be inaccessible because the tide has dropped and they are now too high. You may be more restricted on timing: the hour after high tide has the minimum current. Even a swim of 90 m (100 yards) can be difficult, and it's worse coming back - and suppose there was a problem and you were trying to tow your buddy? Would there be a shore watcher looking out for you, and how readily could they assist you, lacking a boat themselves?
Shore diving is the main style in some resorts, e.g. Aqaba in Jordan, and at inland sites such as lakes and flooded quarries. It's probably at such sites that you'll first find yourself diving truly independently, with a buddy of equally limited experience, and no divemaster supervision. This is where you learn skills around risk assessment, dive planning and logistics, and start to feel the responsibilities that others have till now shouldered for you.
Liveaboards
Liveaboards are boats with their own sleeping accommodation plus catering. Trips range from a single overnight to a fortnight or more, with 3 to 5 dives per day. At the budget end, accommodation is basic, with 4 people sharing cabins and several cabins sharing shower and toilets. The net cost per dive will be lower, but multiplied by many more dives, so "budget" won't mean cheap. Top end accommodation resembles, and costs like, a luxury cruise. But even on the best boats, there is little escape from engine noise, fellow divers, or the restless sea. It's all about the diving, waking early for the first briefing and completing the last dive at sunset, day after day. Non-diving companions are going to need a really absorbing blockbuster paperback. Although training courses are conducted from liveaboards, the point of them is to reach outlying sites beyond the range of day-boats, where there may be excellent diving but more challenging conditions. Beginners need to concentrate on basic technique and had best defer the liveaboard experience until they've had a few day-boat trips and feel comfortable at sea.
When travelling on a liveaboard:
- bring as little as possible: a few changes of weather-appropriate clothes, sleep gear, toiletries, light-weight entertainment (especially non-electronic) and your dive kit;
- space is always at a premium, and it's easy to get things mixed up and annoy fellow divers, keep your dive gear together in a tub or bag on the deck;
- label your possessions with your name, as they will be mixed up with a lot of similar looking equipment;
- observe the boat's wet / dry protocols, drying off before going inside;
- most boats have a limited supply of fresh water for drinking and washing: have short showers.
- make sure you know the emergency exit routes.
Atrofga boring
Humans have been sploshing around in water for hundreds of thousands of years yet biologically we remain badly adapted to anything beyond a quick dip. All the diving equipment and techniques that we utilise are designed to overcome our serious natural shortcomings, compared to other air-breathing animals that thrive underwater. This page is emphatically not a dive training manual but a travel guide, so the present section considers the very short trip that we take from leaving the surface down to the sea bed, and return. It considers the multiple problems we face and introduces the kit that overcomes each of them. Subsequent sections describe what we might see or do down there.
- We can barely swim, especially when wearing all the essential scuba gear. We compensate first by using a boat (or, for shore-diving, a motor vehicle) to get close to the dive site. Then we avoid fighting rough seas or strong currents: the "slack" hour or two after high tide is usually the quietest. Or we may deliberately drift with the current, while the boat follows the dive leader's surface marker buoy. And third we wear fins, and move them in a measured, efficient way to propel ourselves. Fins may be open-heel (with a rear strap, worn with boots) or full-foot (one piece over bare feet coming up to the ankles). Open-heel are more adaptable, since the strap adjusts, and they're usually worn over boots, very useful for shore diving or in colder water. But they chafe bare feet; full-foot fins are more comfortable here, are more efficient for movement, and a good choice when diving from a boat or jetty in warm water.
- We can't see underwater because we lose the refractive change between air and eye, so focus is impossible. So we wear a mask which creates an air space before the eyes. It also covers the nose (unlike the goggles of swimmers) so we can nasally exhale to equalise the internal pressure and drive out any water that seeps in. The mask can also be fitted with corrective lenses. This restores clear (albeit slightly magnified) vision. But the water becomes dark and gloomy at depth, and the colour is progressively filtered out, so we might use a torch, plus flash or video light for photography. Other lights (eg strobes and glowsticks) are more to be seen by (ie by other divers, or by the boat on surfacing) than to see by.
- A snorkel is a short curved tube with a mouth grip, so we can breathe at the surface with our face underwater. It may be strapped to the mask or slipped under the strap and is mostly there to solve the "barely swim" problem, by conserving air in the tank while we swim on the surface. Once underwater, obviously we can't breathe from it, and it can be a nuisance in cramped environments since it can snag, either causing the mask to flood or dislodging it altogether. So for some dives it's optional.
- It's cold, and it gets colder. Water is a much better conductor of heat than air, so even in tropical waters, a temperature that would be pleasant in air soon becomes unpleasant, and leads to hypothermia. In deeper waters or at high latitudes it's unpleasantly cold from the start, and naked survival time might be measured in minutes. Even plump humans have nothing like the intrinsic protection of seals. We therefore put on warmwear, the simplest being the wetsuit for warm water. As the name implies, it floods, but provides an insulating layer of foam neoprene or similar material, and the trapped water warms up using your body heat. (It's ineffective if loose, as the warmed water is continually flushed by cold water whenever you move.) Thickness ranges from 0.5 to 7 mm, and may be a one- or two-piece whole-body design, or a shortie covering down to mid-thigh. 3-5 mm is about right for the tropics, 7 mm is better for temperate waters. Wear your usual swimwear under the suit, and you could add a T-shirt if a rental suit feels loose. The suit also protects against stinging creatures in the water, chafes and scrapes getting in and out, and sunburn on the surface. The thinnest suits are worn primarily for those protections.
- And colder and colder. The water temperature always lags a month or so behind the climate. On a bright day in early summer it looks lovely, everyone rushes to jump in, but the water is between winter and spring and there's a spate of fatal incidents. With a wetsuit you can manage a dive if it isn't too long, but then you come up with blue lips and get even colder on the surface - not a good preparation for a second dive. Cold waters need a drysuit, which doesn't keep us warm. Rather, we put on warmwear like a quilted under-garment, then the drysuit keeps the warmwear dry. It also protects against stings and chafes, and is supplemented by gloves and hood - these are often themselves wet.
- We can't breathe underwater. So we dive with a tank or cylinder of air, which to last long enough while being compact must be highly compressed, typically 230 bars when full. Air is delivered through a two-stage regulator: the first stage, clamped to the tank, takes the pressure down from 230 to 10 bars. The second stage, gripped in the mouth, feeds air on demand at ambient pressure, which is one bar at the surface and increases by one bar for every 10 metres depth, as described below. There are also feeds to the buoyancy control jacket, to the secondary mouthpiece to assist another diver, to the tank contents gauge, and where worn to the drysuit. A typical resort dive turns-about at the 150 bar mark, approaches the shallows around 100 bar, and surfaces with 50 bar remaining. Air usage increases inexorably with depth, duration, exertion and body size, but being economical with air consumption is the mark of a good diver.
- We can't speak intelligibly, even with breathing gear. So there's a vocabulary of hand signals to learn, from the routine to the exotic or ribald.
- We're either too buoyant or not buoyant enough. All that kit feels a ton as you stagger across the boat deck, but it's bulky, and once supported by water, you can't submerge unless you carry extra weight. But at depth the buoyancy is squeezed out of the suit, equipment and yourself, you sink, you lose even more buoyancy, and so on down. What's needed is neutral buoyancy, floating comfortably and moving neither up nor down. This is achieved in three stages. The first, macro solution is dive weights, several pounds / kilo of lead carried on a belt, harness or pouch. The right amount just balances the buoyancy of the kit, and the divemaster will check the weighting of newcomer divers at the surface, and adjust before descent. He / she may also carry a little extra, to donate underwater to divers who didn't get it right. Weight must be capable of being jettisoned in an emergency so that the stricken diver floats up. Divers may also use small "trim weights" to optimise their balance, eg drysuit divers may use ankle weights to stop their feet floating. The second, meso solution is a buoyancy control device or BCD: a jacket or wing that is inflated from an air feed or deflated. The BCD is how to manage the buoyancy changes as the dive depth varies. (Or mismanage - every beginner will at some point suffer an embarassing runaway ascent, through adding air at depth and failing to blow it off soon enough on the ascent.) The third, micro solution, which some instructors don't mention, but is universal, is breath control. Hech qachon hold your breath underwater, particularly when ascending, but it's fine to modify the depth and rate of the breathing cycle: a hard expiration to help you descend, a little extra breath in to lift clear of the coral you risked snagging.
- Biz bosimga dosh berolmaymiz yoki u holda yashay olmaymiz. Er yuzida biz bitta bosim atmosferasida, bitta bar yoki 1000 millibar ostida yashaymiz. Faqat 10 metr (33 fut) pastga tushing va biz 2 panjara ostida turibmiz. Bizning tanamizdagi har qanday havo tarkibidagi bo'shliq va bizning BCDdagi havo sirt hajmining yarmigacha siqiladi. Oddiy sho'ng'in chuqurligi bo'lgan 20 metrgacha (66 fut) qadar davom eting va bu 3 bar, hajmning uchdan bir qismi. Va hokazo; nimadir berish kerak. Eng sezgir nuqta - bu quloq pardasi, shuning uchun biz o'rta quloqqa havo kiritish va tenglashtirish uchun burun va puflashni chimchilamiz; quloq pardalarining nuqsonlari yoki kuchsizligi sho'ng'in uchun eng keng tarqalgan to'siqdir. Yechim havoni ta'minlaydigan regulyatorda atrof-muhit bosimida. Shunday qilib, 10 metr (33 fut) da bizning ichimizdagi havo tashqi bosimga mos keladigan 2 barda bo'ladi va biz o'zimizni yaxshi his qilayapmiz, boshqa muammolar uchun. Ulardan biri shundaki, biz hozirda tank tarkibini ikki baravar tezroq iste'mol qilmoqdamiz va 20 metr (66 fut) da uch baravar tezroq bo'ladi. Yana biri shundaki, bosim ko'tarilganda azot ko'proq qon oqimi va to'qimalarda eriydi va giyohvandlik vazifasini bajaradi - bu azot oksidi yoki Entonoks bilan bir xil biologik mexanizm. Odamlarning sezgirligi har xil, lekin yangi boshlovchi 40 m (130 fut) da mast, 50 m (160 fut) da o'lik va 60 m (200 fut) da o'lgan deb o'ylashi mumkin. Shuning uchun sho'ng'in uchun ehtiyotkorlik bilan chuqurlik chegaralari. Ko'tarilayotganda, nisbatan sayoz sho'ng'ishdan keyin ham, to'plangan azot qochib ketishi kerak, agar u qon oqimini to'sib qo'yadigan pufakchalar hosil qilsa, halokatli oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Biz ularni sho'ng'in chuqurligi va davomiyligini cheklash, sekin ko'tarilish va "xavfsizlik" yoki dekompressiyani to'xtatish uchun 6 metr (20 fut) belgisi atrofida ko'tarilishni to'xtatish orqali minimallashtiramiz. Yer yuziga qaytganimizdan so'ng biz og'ir mashaqqatlardan qochamiz, yana sho'ng'ishdan oldin bir soat kutib turing, sayozroq ikkinchi sho'ng'inni rejalashtiring va 24 soat davomida baland tog'larga uchmang yoki ko'tarilmang. Boshqa potentsial ofat, agar siz ogohlantirishlarga qaramay, siz ko'tarilayotganda nafasingizni ushlab tursangiz yoki o'pkada anormallik bo'lsa, to'liq chiqishga to'sqinlik qilsangiz, chuqurlikda nafas olayotgan havo sizning atrofingizdagidan ko'ra ko'proq bosim ostida qolishi mumkin. Shunga qaramay, nimadir berish kerak va portlash! bu sensan.
- Suv ostida biz oddiy ko'rsatmalarga ega emasmiz orientatsiya uchun biz chuqurlik o'lchagich, kompas va soat yoki taymer kabi asboblarga muhtojmiz. Ular ko'pincha a-ga qo'shiladi sho'ng'in kompyuter, bu chuqurlik, vaqt va gaz sarfini kuzatib boradi va sho'ng'in qanchalik tez va qanchalik sekin ko'tarilishi kerakligini ko'rsatadi.
- Sho'ng'in uchun boshqa aksessuarlar vayronagarchilik paytida g'ildirakni tashlab, orqaga qaytish yo'lini topish uchun g'ildirak makaralarini kiriting; baliq ovlash tarmog'iga yoki to'rga tushib qolsangiz kichik pichoq; do'stingizga xabarlarni yozish uchun shifer; qayiq e'tiborini jalb qilish uchun oyna (masalan, eski CD) va hushtak; va kichik ho'l narsalarni olib yurish uchun bir oz to'rli "goody-bag". Har qanday qayiq safari uchun foydali bo'lgan umumiy aksessuarlarga quyoshdan himoya (floppi shlyapa, ko'ylak, quyoshdan saqlovchi ko'zoynak), suv shishasi, flip-flop va kechqurun sovuq shabada uchun qo'shimcha qatlamlar kiradi.
Qarang
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- Do'stingiz va sho'ng'in uchun qo'llanma - ular qaerda? Agar ularni ko'ra olmasangiz, ularni tezda toping.
- Dengiz hayoti daqiqadan tortib to kichkinagacha, "katta-safari" hayvonlarga qadar, barchasi bir xil darajada maftunkor. Ba'zilari joyida ildiz otgan yoki belgilangan joyni egallagan (masalan, dengiz otlari), shuning uchun sho'ng'in bo'yicha ko'rsatma ularning yashash joylarini biladi va ko'rsatib beradi. Boshqalari hududiydir va mavsumda har doim bu hududda bo'ladi - triggerfish o'zlarini tuxumlariga yaqin bo'lgan narsalarga qarshi urishadi. Kattaroq hayvonlar kattaroq hududni qamrab oladi, shuning uchun uchrashuvga kafolat berilmaydi: toshbaqalar qochib ketadi, akulalar osma ostiga xiralashadi, muhrlar va dengiz sherlari siz bilan yaqinlashishi va o'ynashlari mumkin.
- Riflar suv chuqurroq bo'lgan sayoz joylar: shuning uchun ular dengiz hayotining ekotizimiga ega, ular ko'pincha kemalar halokatiga sabab bo'ladilar va ular shamol tomoniga qaraganda ancha tinchroq bo'lgan boshpana yaratishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, ko'plab sho'ng'in joylari riflarda joylashgan. Qoyali riflar, butun dunyo bo'ylab topilgan, shunchaki. Sovuq dengizlarda ko'pincha suv o'tlari va boshqa dengiz o'tlari taxminan 10 m (33 fut) gacha tushadi yoki qaerda yorug'lik juda xira bo'ladigan bo'lsa, u holda yumshoq mercanlar, dengiz shovqinlari va gubkalar singari filtrlovchi oziqlantiruvchilarning turli zonalari ustunlik qiladi. Marjon riflari faqat tiniq iliq suvlarda uchraydi (lekin issiqda omon qololmaydi, shuning uchun global isish jiddiy xavf tug'diradi). Bu erda rif milliardlab jonzotlarning tosh skeletlaridan qurilgan bo'lib, ularning tirik avlodlari rang va tuzilish g'alayonini yaratmoqdalar. Sayoz joylar to'lqin ta'siriga dosh bera oladigan yumshoqroq va moslashuvchan o'sishga ega. Keyinchalik pastga, qattiq marjonlar, haykaltarosh Adan bog'i bor, u erda hamma narsa, shu jumladan, hamma narsa sizni urishga harakat qilmoqda, shuning uchun qarang, lekin tegmang. Sun'iy riflar o'zlari uchun diqqatga sazovor joy bo'lishi va dengiz hayotini mustamlaka qilish uchun asos bo'lib xizmat qilish uchun cho'kib ketgan tuzilmalar (ko'pincha eskirgan kemalar). Ular, shuningdek, ustunlar, ko'priklar va neft konlari kabi dengiz inshootlarining tayanchlarini ham o'z ichiga oladi.
- Dengiz tubi riflardan uzoqroq tekisroq va unchalik qiziq bo'lmagan bo'lib, bo'shashgan tosh yoki cho'kindilar bilan qisman yoki to'liq qoplanishi mumkin. Ammo, ayniqsa, bu erga chiqishdan oldin xavfsizlik to'xtash joyida dam olayotganingizda, diqqat bilan qarang. Yassi baliqlar, qisqichbaqalar va mollyuskalar, qumtoshlar va qurtlarni boqish uchun kichkina baliqchalar mavjud. "Whelks" to'satdan oyoqlari o'sib chiqadi va daraxt kesiladi, chunki ichkaridagi zohid qisqichbaqasi sizdan ketmoqda. Yumshoq, loydan yasalgan ko'rpa-to'shaklar yanada jozibali ko'rinishga ega, ammo hayotlari xilma-xil va sho'ng'in sho'ng'in uni topish san'ati - Indoneziyada eng mashhur turlar to'plami mavjud.
- Vayronalar uchta murojaat mavjud: baliq hayoti, tarixiy qiziqish va texnik qiyinchilik. Bir muncha vaqt cho'kib ketgan vayronalar sun'iy rifga aylanib, baliq hayoti va mercanni o'ziga jalb qiladi. Tijorat bu iliq suvda sodir bo'lish tendentsiyasidir, bu esa halokat tezroq parchalanishiga olib keladi. Sovuq suvdagi halokatlar dengiz hayotini kamroq jalb qiladi, ammo tarixiy qiziqishni saqlab qoladi, xususan, eksponatlarni echib tashlamaslik va tarashdan ko'ra dengizda yo'qolgan kemalar. Samolyotlarning vayronalari, xususan urush davrida urib tushirilganlar ham mashhur. G'avvoslar haqiqatan ham ba'zi halokatlarga duch kelishlari mumkin: ammo bu nisbatan xavfli va kirish suvlari bo'yicha boshlang'ich mashg'ulotlardan tashqari malakalarni talab qiladi. Ushbu vakolat odatda sertifikatlash va ro'yxatdan o'tgan tajriba bilan belgilanadi.
- G'orlar, kamar, suzish va bacalar - bu sho'ng'in uchun qiziqarli bo'lgan tabiiy xususiyatlar. G'orlar sho'ng'in uchun maxsus jihozlar va ko'nikmalarni talab qiladigan butunlay boshqa to'p o'yini, shuningdek quruq kovlash qobiliyatlarini talab qilishi mumkin. Ta'rif shuki, agar siz hali ham kunduzgi yorug'lik va chiqish yo'lini ko'rsangiz, bu g'or. Agar siz ko'zda tutilganidan ko'proq xato qilsangiz va loyni tepib qo'ysangiz, bu endi g'or. Chiqish yo'lini qidirishda omad tilaymiz: bu sizning hayotingizning qolgan qismini olishi mumkin.
- Har doim, har doim qarashni davom eting, qiziqarli yoki muhim narsa qachon ko'zga suzishi mumkinligini bilasiz. Suv osti dunyosi quruqlik bilan taqqoslaganda juda yaxshi o'rganilmagan, hatto muntazam sho'ng'in joylarida kam tajribali g'avvoslar ham kashfiyotlar qilishadi. Ilgari ko'rilmagan baliq xatti-harakatlari, ekzotik turlar yangi suvlarga aylanib borishi va ko'zga ko'rinmas joyda yashiringan mutlaqo yangi turlari mavjud. Ko'chib yuruvchi qumlar qadimgi qoldiqlar va eksponatlarni topishi mumkin. Siz jinoyatga botgan dalillarni topishingiz mumkin. Yoki birovning nikoh uzugi, yoki sho'ng'in uchun kompyuter.
Qil
- So'nggi g'alati kunni o'tkazing kitting oldin, va ehtimol siz quruq his bo'lsa, bir chayqalib suv, lekin aks holda. "Gidratatsiya" modasi zararli ekanligi to'g'risida ko'plab dalillar mavjud. Suvga tushishingiz bilan qon aylanish tizimingiz tortishish kuchi bilan kurashishga majbur bo'lmaydi va oyoqlaringizdagi suyuqlik sizning markazingizga o'tadi. Salqin suvdagi issiqlikni tejash uchun teri aylanishi ham kamayadi, shunda suyuqlik ham markazlashadi. Markaziy qon aylanishi haddan tashqari yuklanadi va tana suyuqlikni tashlash bilan javob beradi. Sizga to'satdan, sizga tegishli bo'lmasligi mumkin bo'lgan suv kostyumini yig'ishtirish kerak. (Quruq kostyum foydalanuvchilari ... yaxshi, bu texnik mashg'ulotga kiritilgan.) Shunda ham ortiqcha yuk zararli bo'lishi mumkin. Bu oqimga qarshi qattiq suzishga majbur bo'lgan sog'lom yosh g'avvosga ta'sir qilishi mumkin, ammo, ehtimol, qarigan g'avvoslar bilan. Cho'kish yoki yurak xuruji deb ilgari surilgan ko'plab hodisalar hozirgi vaqtda o'pkaning shishishi bilan bog'liq deb o'ylashadi, bu esa haddan tashqari hidratsiyaga yordam beradi.
- Sho'ng'in rejasiga rioya qiling brifingda ko'rsatilganidek.
- Suratga olmoq Agar xohlasangiz, video yoki video, lekin to'liq o'qimaguncha uni kechiktiring - bu boshqa muhim vazifalardan xalos bo'lish. Sizga suzishni yaxshi boshqarish va qirqish kerak, chunki siz tez-tez fotosurat mavzusiga juda jimgina va yaqindan murojaat qilishingiz kerak, va marjondan topaklar tushish xavfi mavjud. Aksariyat g'avvoslar uchun bu shunchaki havaskorlik uchun ko'ngilochar rasmlar bo'ladi, ammo shunga qaramay, harajatlar katta bo'lishi mumkin, bu turli xil suv o'tkazmaydigan uylar, chiroqlar va montajlar va qo'shimcha yuk narxlarini qo'shadi. Siz mashinaning narxini osongina ko'tarishingiz mumkin. Ammo yaxshi fotosuratchi sho'ng'in uchun nimani olib kelishi ajablanarli.
- Harakat qilib ko'ring tungi sho'ng'in, yaxshisi siz allaqachon sho'ng'in qilgan saytda, shuning uchun yo'naltirilganingiz yaxshiroq va kontrastni qadrlang. Ko'plab dengiz hayoti kun davomida dam oladi va kechasi ovqatlanishga chiqadi, shuning uchun siz boshqa belgilar belgilariga duch kelasiz. Sizning mash'alangizning cheklangan nurlari sizni diqqatni jamlashga va boshqacha tarzda e'tiborsiz qoldiradigan narsalarni ko'rishga majbur qiladi va uning oq nurlari tabiiy yorug'lik ostida yo'qolgan ranglarning intensivligi va to'liq spektrini tiklaydi. Tungi sho'ng'inlar, shuningdek, qorong'i muhitda sho'ng'in tajribangizni shakllantirishga yordam beradi.
- Shnorkel bilan shug'ullanishni davom eting: Agar malakaga ega bo'lgandan keyin xandaqqa tushirish shunchaki qiziqarli bosqich emas. Bu qirg'oq bo'ylab sayohat qilishning yaxshi usuli, va bir nechta "sho'ng'in" tajribalari aslida shnorkeldir: Florida shtatidagi manatlar, Palaudagi meduzalar va ko'plab yirik baliqlar va kitlar bilan uchrashish.
- O'rganing har bir sho'ng'ishdan. Siz buni darhol keyin ko'rgan va qilgan narsalaringiz bilan suhbatlashish orqali amalga oshirasiz - bu to'g'ri bahs bo'lishi mumkin, lekin odatda shunchaki jonlantirilgan suhbatdir. Boshqa g'avvoslar tajriba almashishni, ya'ni siz qandaydir tarzda ko'rishni sog'inib qolgan barcha ko'rgan narsalaringizni tasvirlashni juda xohlashadi. Keyin siz jurnal daftaringizni yozasiz va unga qarshi imzo qo'yib yoki sho'ng'in markazi tomonidan muhr bosasiz.
- Mutaxassisliklar va tajribalarni rivojlantirish dengiz hayoti va xulq-atvori (ba'zi odamlar butun ta'tilni dengiz shilimshiqlarini qidirish bilan o'tkazadilar), halokat tarixi, dengiz arxeologiyasi va suv osti tadqiqotlari va xaritalarini yaratish. Uni qiziqarli tuting, lekin siz inson bilimlari chegarasida ishlaysiz.
- Hissa bering Vikivoyajda shu erda boshlanadigan saytlar, sho'ng'in operatsiyalari va dam olish maskanlari tavsiflarini nashr etish orqali yanada kengroq. (Formatlar bo'yicha andozalar va ko'rsatmalar mavjud, ammo agar shubhangiz bo'lsa, avval ushbu qayiqdan oldinga siljiganingiz kabi harakat qiling. Ushbu maqolaning dotsentlari ham yordam berishi mumkin.) Shuningdek, siz sho'ng'in bilan bog'liq jurnalistik va jurnal xususiyatlari, qo'llanma ishlab chiqish va televizor bilan tanishishingiz mumkin. / hujjatli film.
- Maslahat va tajribaga murojaat qiling o'zingizni qurganingiz kabi. U erda juda ko'p jamoaviy donolik va hali ham rivojlanib borayotgan sport turidagi yangi qirralar va uslublar mavjud.
Xavfsiz bo'ling
Safar oldidan
- Tibbiy sharoitlar: bular sizni hatto mashg'ulotlarga ham to'sqinlik qilishi yoki sho'ng'in qilishingiz mumkin bo'lgan masofani cheklashi yoki yoshga qarab yoki epizodik ravishda yomonlashishi mumkin. O'quv agentligingiz veb-saytidagi ro'yxatga qarang. Ularning hammasini bu erda ro'yxatga olish maqsadga muvofiq emas va har qanday holatda ham, odatda, manba holatidan ko'ra, zo'ravonlik va uning boshqarilishi darajasi muhim ahamiyatga ega. Odamlar yurak xurujidan keyin sho'ng'iydilar. Jiddiy nogironlar ko'pincha sho'ng'in qilishlari mumkin va bu jarohatlangan urush faxriylarini tiklash uchun ishlatiladi. Shunga qaramay, sizning burun va sinuslaringizni to'sib qo'yadigan yomon sovuq sizni sho'ng'in qilishni to'xtatish uchun etarli. Faqatgina qayiq chayqalishi bilan namoyon bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan boshqa vaqtinchalik muammolar bu dengiz kasalligi, dengizga qarshi kasallikdan uyquchanlik yoki boshqa dorilar, spirtli ichimliklar yoki ko'ngil ochish uchun dori-darmonlar yoki ulardan osilganlar va isitma. E'tibor bering, Qizil dengiz atrofidagi bir qator mamlakatlar og'riq qoldiruvchi vositalarga qarshi kurashni kuchaytirdilar va hatto ularni mas'uliyat bilan buyurilgan va buni tasdiqlash uchun retsept bilan taqiqlashlari mumkin (va bojxonada musodara qilishlari mumkin). Amaldagi qoidalar uchun ularning elchixonasi veb-saytini tekshiring.
- Homiladorlik: zararli yoki xavfsizlikning ilmiy dalillari juda kam. Shuning uchun o'quv agentliklari ehtiyotkorlik bilan munosabatda bo'lishdi va agar homilador ekanligingizni bilsangiz yoki homilador bo'lishni xohlasangiz, sho'ng'in qilmasligingizni maslahat beramiz.
- Sizning sug'urta Ehtimol, hakam bo'lishi mumkin: agar u ma'lum shartlarni o'z ichiga olmaydi, deb aytsa, quruqlik yoki sho'ng'in bo'lsin, demak siz sayohat qila olmaysiz. Yaxshi sug'urta qiling.
- Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, o'zingizni yaxshi tuting, tokingizni saqlang va to'plamingizga texnik xizmat qiling.
Sho'ng'in markazida
Ular sizning mahoratingiz va malakangiz haqida dalillarni talab qilishadi, buning evaziga sizda ba'zi savollar bo'lishi mumkin.
- Skipper va divemasterning malakalari qanday?
- Ekipaj oddiy birinchi tibbiy yordam ko'rsatishga qodirmi?
- Ularda favqulodda kislorod bormi va undan qanday foydalanishni o'rganish kerakmi? Avtomatlashtirilgan tashqi defibrilator (AED) haqida nima deyish mumkin?
- Havoni to'ldirish sifati qanday tekshiriladi?
- Sho'ng'in qayig'ining dengizga yaroqliligi va ekipajning malakasi qanday ta'minlanadi?
- Voqea sodir bo'lgan taqdirda qanday favqulodda inshootlar mavjud? Qidiruv va tiklash, tibbiy evakuatsiya va rekompressiya uchunmi?
- Bortdan g'avvoslarni tekshirish va ularning hammasini qayiqda xavfsiz tekshirish tizimi qanday?
- Ijara uskunalari foydalanuvchilar o'rtasida etarli darajada dezinfektsiya qilinishini ta'minlash uchun ular qanday choralarni ko'rishmoqda?
Ijara uskunalari bilan uning sifati va mosligi har doim ma'lum darajada noma'lum bo'lib, sizning suzishingizga aniq ta'sir qiladi. Birinchi kunni qandaydir qiyin ishlarga kirishishdan oldin, "chayqash" sho'ng'in va yumshoq narsalar sifatida rejalashtiring.
Qayiqda
Qayiq operatori bu hududni biladi va boshqa qayiqlar bilan aloqada bo'lib, odatda tashqariga chiqish mumkinmi yoki yo'qmi deb oqilona qo'ng'iroq qiladi. Ammo sizda ham qaror bor. Agar sharoitlar juda oz bo'lsa, o'zingizdan so'rang: siz chiqib ketishingizni istagan jetkada turishni xohlaysizmi yoki qayiqda turishni xohlaysizmi?
Dengizga qarab, u hali ham o'zini yaxshi his qiladimi? Dengiz sharoitlari, qorayayotgan ufq, qayiq va ekipaj, sizning ahvolingiz? Qanday qilib odatdagi sho'ng'in sizning imkoniyatlaringiz chekkasida biron narsaga aylanib ketishi bilan bog'liqmi? Siz endigina tanishgan do'stingiz - texnik jihatdan ular malakali, ammo ularning mahorati va tajribasi haqida nimalarni bilasiz va o'zaro yordamga ishonchingiz komilmi? Ularning to'plami konfiguratsiyasini tushunasizmi va ular siznikimi?
Muammolarni o'sishdan oldin, bortda va suvda saralashda faol bo'ling. Voqealar haqida tez-tez chuqurga asta-sekin siljish tasvirlangan. Uskunada juda yaxshi bo'lmagan narsa bor edi, lekin u ozgina bo'lib tuyuldi va qo'yib yuborildi. Qayiq amaliyotida biroz sustlik bor, lekin ular bunga erishdilar. Treningning ba'zi cheklovlari yoki mahoratning zangligi. Va ulardan birini davolash uchun etarli vaqt. . . Keyin yana bir narsa sodir bo'ldi va standart zaxira mashqlari ishlamay qoldi, chunki bu hozir favqulodda holat bo'lib, jabrlanganlar xavf-xatar girdobiga tushib qolishmoqda.
Brifinglarga e'tibor bering; sho'ng'in rejasini biling va unga rioya qiling.
Suvda
Qayiqlardan, shu jumladan o'zingiznikidan ehtiyot bo'ling. Ehtiyotsiz reaktiv chang'ichilar va tezyurar qayiqlar yo'q joydan paydo bo'lishi mumkin, har doim tezda qochib qutulishga tayyor bo'ling.
Sho'ng'inni rejalashtiring va reja bilan sho'ng'ing, har doim "nima bo'lsa?" hayolda.
U erda bo'lganlarning aksariyati o'tkir yoki ziqna yoki ikkalasi ham. Qarang, lekin tegmang. Meduzalar, afsuski, ushbu qoidaga e'tibor bermaydilar, ularning nishlari siz ko'rgan va undan qochgan asosiy qon tomir orqasida bir oz masofaga o'tishi mumkin va ular sizning himoyalanmagan yuzingiz bo'ylab siljiydi.
Narkoz va chuqurlikdagi gaz toksikligi va ko'tarilishdagi bosim barotravmasi kam uchraydigan muammolar, ammo tezda o'limga olib kelishi mumkin.
Dekompressiya nazariyasi aniq fan emas. Siz haddan oshmasdan egilishingiz mumkin.
Agar ishlar yomon ketayotgan bo'lsa, har qanday g'avvos sho'ng'inni tugatish huquqiga va mas'uliyatiga ega.
Suvga sho'ng'ish tugamadi, siz qayiqda xavfsiz echinib, sochiqni quritib oling. Bortga qaytib kelayotgan qulab tushish va tushkunlikka, shu jumladan boshqa g'avvoslarga qarshi ehtiyot bo'ling.
Keyin
Interval / dekompressiya qoidalariga rioya qiling. Bu, ehtimol yana sho'ng'ishdan bir soat oldin va parvozdan 12-24 soat oldin degani.
O'zingizni rangsiz his qilyapsizmi? Bu biron bir narsa va hech narsa bo'lmasligi mumkin, yoki dekompressiya kasalligining dastlabki nozik belgilari bo'lishi mumkin, hatto siz tavsiya etilgan tartibda sho'ng'igan bo'lsangiz ham. Yoki boshqa bog'liq bo'lmagan narsa. O'zingizning umumiy fikringizdan foydalaning, lekin birovga ayting: siz yomonligingiz uchun yagona hakam bo'lmasligingiz kerak.
O'z-o'zini ta'minlash
Trening davomida siz o'qituvchining bevosita nazorati ostida bo'lasiz va do'st-juftlikda sho'ng'in qilishni o'rgatasiz. Malakali malakaga ega bo'lganingizdan so'ng, sizning ko'plab kurort sho'ng'inlaringiz sho'ng'in bo'yicha ko'rsatma yoki etakchining nazorati ostida bo'ladi, ehtimol juft bo'lib yoki bo'shashgan guruhda. Yoki divemaster shunchaki sho'ng'in uchun joyni ko'rsatishi mumkin va sizga ma'lum vaqtgacha zavqlanib, qayiqqa qaytib borishingizni aytishi mumkin. Do'stlar tizimi juftlikning chidamliligini oshirishda katta afzalliklarga ega. Ammo bu g'ayritabiiy bo'lishi mumkin, agar birorta ham g'avvos etarli darajada malakaga ega bo'lmasa, agar bitta g'avvos qutqarish uchun behuda urinishda o'z chegaralaridan chiqib ketsa (masalan, juda chuqur), bu fojiani ikki baravar oshirishi mumkin va uchlik uchuvchilar muntazam ravishda qatnashmaydigan g'avvoslar uchun chalkashliklarning mashhur sababi hisoblanadi. protseduralarni bir-biri bilan mashq qiling: "lekin men o'yladim siz edi .... "
Bu erda mashg'ulot o'tkazish yoki targ'ib qilish to'g'risida bahs olib borilmaydi yakkaxon sho'ng'in. Ba'zi sho'ng'in, shubhasiz, yakka, samarali do'st yo'q. O'qituvchilar ularga yordam bera olmaydigan to'liq boshlanuvchilar bilan sho'ng'iydi, fotosuratchilar ko'pincha boshqa g'avvoslardan uzoqroq bo'lishadi, chunki ular mavzu qidirishmoqda va zich muhitdagi g'avvoslar do'stiga etib bormasligi yoki ularga etib borishi mumkin emas. Ammo bular o'zlarining to'plamlarida zaxiraga ega bo'lgan malakali, tajribali dalgıçlar, masalan. ikkinchi mustaqil havo manbai va qayerga borishni bilish uchun hukm qiling. Targ'ib qilish maqsadga muvofiq bo'lgan narsa o'zini o'zi ta'minlash. Muammolarga duch kelmaslik va undan xalos bo'lish har doim birinchi navbatda sizning mas'uliyatingizdir. Sizga tushgan har qanday baxtsiz hodisa sizning do'stingiz qandaydir uzoqroq bo'lganidek yoki sizning sho'ng'in yo'riqnomangiz boshqasiga yomonroq baxtsizlik bilan oldindan ishg'ol qilinganidek bo'ladi deb taxmin qiling. Siz bu bilan shug'ullana olasizmi? Sizga sho'ng'in qilish uchun ajratilgan g'avvosning muammoga duch kelmasligi va sho'ng'ishdan oldin sizga yuk bo'lmasligi uchun tekshiring. Sizning xavfi yuqori bo'lgan sho'ng'in deb bilgan odam bilan sho'ng'ishdan bosh tortish sizning mas'uliyatingizdir, chunki bu sizning hayotingizga xavf solishi mumkin.
Hurmat
- Qarang, lekin tegmang, u pastki, mercan, dengiz hayoti yoki vayronalar bo'lsin.
- Esdalik sovg'alarini olmang chunki siz olgan har bir narsa kelajakdagi g'avvoslar uchun qarash kerak bo'lgan narsa kamroq, dengiz jonzotlari uchun uy kamroq va ekologik tizim. Parafrazlash uchun "iz qoldirmang" shiori: "fotosuratlardan boshqa hech narsa olmang, pufakchalardan boshqa hech narsa qoldirmang."
- Suzishni yaxshi boshqarish va qirqishni o'rganing, saytga va o'z-o'zidan narsalarga qulab tushishiga tasodifan zarar etkazmaslik uchun Dalgıçlar tomonidan marjon reefining zararlanishining ko'p qismi dallanadigan mercanlara fin ta'sirida.
- Baliqni boqmang, chunki bu ularning tabiiy ovqatlanish usullarini o'zgartiradi. Tishlashingiz mumkin, ehtimol siz olomonga tushib qolasiz va kun bo'yi sarg'ayishdan boshqa narsani ko'rmaysiz.
Ushbu qoidalar qonun bilan tatbiq etilishi mumkin, ammo baribir ularga rioya qilish kerak va o'zingizni g'avvoslar orasida rag'batlantirish kerak. Dengiz parklari yoki qo'riqlanadigan vayronalar va urush qabrlariga tegishli har qanday mahalliy qoidalardan xabardor bo'ling.